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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_British_Grand_Prix", "title": "2002 British Grand Prix", "header": [ "Pos", "No", "Driver", "Constructor", "Lap", "Gap" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Juan Pablo Montoya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juan_Pablo_Montoya", "summary": "Juan Pablo Montoya Roldán ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈxwan ˈpaβlo monˈtoʝa ] ; born September 20 , 1975 ) , is a Colombian-American racing driver . He currently competes in the WeatherTech SportsCar Championship driving for Acura Team Penske , having won the championship in 2019 . He won the International F3000 championship in 1998 , the CART FedEx Championship Series in 1999 in his debut year in the series , and the IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship in 2019 . His race wins include the Indianapolis 500 ( 2000 , 2015 ) , Grand Prix of Monaco ( 2003 ) , 24 Hours of Daytona ( 2007 , 2008 , 2013 ) , British Grand Prix ( 2005 ) , Italian Grand Prix ( 2001 , 2005 ) , Grand Prix of Long Beach ( 1999 ) , and the Race of Champions ( 2017 ) . Montoya is , alongside Fernando Alonso , one of only two active drivers who have won two legs of the Triple Crown of Motorsport in its original definition . Montoya also equals Mario Andretti and Dan Gurney by winning races in Indy cars , Formula One cars and NASCAR Cup cars . In October 2009 , Montoya was ranked 30th on Times Online 's list of the Top 50 Formula One drivers of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:18.998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rubens Barrichello", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rubens_Barrichello", "summary": "Rubens Rubinho Gonçalves Barrichello ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈʁubẽjz ɡõ'sawviz baʁiˈkɛlʊ ] , [ ʁuˈbĩjʊ ] ; born 23 May 1972 ) is a Brazilian racing driver who competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2011 , scoring 11 Grand Prix wins and 68 podiums . Barrichello drove for Ferrari from 2000 to 2005 , as Michael Schumacher 's teammate , enjoying considerable success including finishing as championship runner-up in 2002 and 2004 . He also finished third in 2001 and 2009 . Barrichello holds the record for most race starts in Formula One ( 322 ) and has scored the eleventh highest points total in Formula One history . Schumacher 's retirement at the end of 2006 made Barrichello the most experienced driver on the grid , and at the 2008 Turkish Grand Prix he became the most experienced driver in F1 history . He became the first driver to reach 300 Grand Prix entries and 300 starts , doing so in 2010 . During his six years with Ferrari , Barrichello was involved in winning five constructors ' titles , as Schumacher won five drivers ' titles in a row between 2000 and 2004 . At the end of 2005 Barrichello left Ferrari to sign a contract with Honda . In 2009 , he finished third in the Drivers ' Championship for Brawn GP , as his teammate Jenson Button won the title . This meant Barrichello was involved in a sixth Constructors ' title . He was also appointed chairman of the Grand Prix Drivers ' Association in 2010 , but after losing his seat in Formula One , he was replaced by Pedro de la Rosa . Barrichello was renowned for his mechanical and technical expertise , with a sixth sense of predicting and detecting technical issues and opportunities for improvement in a car ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:19.032", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.034", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Schumacher", "summary": "Michael Schumacher ( /ˈʃuːmɑːkər/ ; German : [ ˈmɪçaːʔeːl ˈʃuːmaxɐ ] ( listen ) ; born 3 January 1969 ) is a retired German racing driver who raced in Formula One for Jordan Grand Prix , Benetton and Ferrari , where he spent most of his career , as well as for Mercedes upon his return to the sport . Widely regarded as one of the greatest Formula One drivers ever , and regarded by some as the greatest of all time , Schumacher is the only driver in history to win seven Formula One World Championships , five of which he won consecutively . The most successful driver in the history of the sport , Schumacher holds the records for the most World Championship titles ( 7 ) , the most Grand Prix wins ( 91 ) , the most fastest laps ( 77 ) and the most races won in a single season ( 13 ) , and according to the official Formula One website ( Formula1.com ) , Schumacher was statistically the greatest driver the sport has ever seen at the time of his retirement from the sport . After success in karting as a child , Schumacher won titles in Formula König and Formula Three before joining Mercedes in the World Sportscar Championship . In 1991 his Mercedes-funded race debut for the Jordan Formula One team resulted in Schumacher being signed by Benetton for the rest of that season . He finished third in 1992 and fourth in 1993 , before becoming the first German World Drivers ' Champion in 1994 by one point over Damon Hill , albeit in controversial circumstances . In 1995 he repeated the success , this time with a greater margin . In 1996 Schumacher moved to Ferrari , who had last won the Drivers ' Championship in 1979 , and helped them transform into the most successful team in Formula One history , as he came close to winning the 1997 and 1998 titles , before breaking his leg at the 1999 British Grand Prix , ending another title run . Schumacher won five consecutive drivers ' titles from 2000 to 2004 , including an unprecedented sixth and seventh title . In 2002 Schumacher won the title with a record six races remaining and finished on the podium in every race . In 2004 Schumacher won twelve out of the first thirteen races and went on to win a record 13 times as he won his final title . Schumacher retired from Formula One in 2006 , after finishing runner-up to Renault 's Fernando Alonso ." } ] }, { "value": "Ferrari", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scuderia_Ferrari", "summary": "Scuderia Ferrari S.p.A. ( Italian : [ skudeˈriːa ferˈraːri ] ) is the racing division of luxury Italian auto manufacturer Ferrari and the racing team that competes in Formula One racing . The team is also nicknamed The Prancing Horse , with reference to their logo . It is the oldest surviving and most successful Formula One team , having competed in every world championship since the 1950 Formula One season . The team was founded by Enzo Ferrari , initially to race cars produced by Alfa Romeo , though by 1947 Ferrari had begun building its own cars . Among its important achievements outside Formula One are winning the World Sportscar Championship , 24 Hours of Le Mans , 24 Hours of Spa , 24 Hours of Daytona , 12 Hours of Sebring , Bathurst 12 Hour , races for Grand tourer cars and racing on road courses of the Targa Florio , the Mille Miglia and the Carrera Panamericana . As a constructor , Ferrari has a record 16 Constructors ' Championships , the last of which was won in 2008 . Alberto Ascari , Juan Manuel Fangio , Mike Hawthorn , Phil Hill , John Surtees , Niki Lauda , Jody Scheckter , Michael Schumacher and Kimi Räikkönen have won a record 15 Drivers ' Championships for the team . Since Räikkönen 's title in 2007 the team narrowly lost out on the 2008 drivers ' title with Felipe Massa and the 2010 and 2012 drivers ' titles with Fernando Alonso . Michael Schumacher is the team 's most successful driver . Joining the team in 1996 and departing in 2006 he won five drivers ' titles and 72 Grands Prix for the team . His titles came consecutively between 2000 and 2004 , and the team won consecutive constructors ' title from 1999 until the end of 2004 ; this was the team 's most successful period . Currently , Sebastian Vettel and Charles Leclerc are the two main race drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "1:19.042", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.044", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ralf Schumacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ralf_Schumacher", "summary": "Ralf Schumacher ( born 30 June 1975 ) is a German former racing driver . He is the younger brother of seven-time Formula One World Champion Michael Schumacher and the pair are the only siblings to win Formula One races . Schumacher began karting at the age of three and achieved early success before making the transition to automobile racing in the German Formula Three Championship and the Formula Nippon series . He first drove in Formula One with Jordan Grand Prix for the 1997 season . Schumacher moved to the Williams F1 team in 1999 , finishing sixth in the Drivers ' Championship that year . He won his first Grand Prix in 2001 , en route to fourth place in the Drivers ' Championship , and subsequently won five more races over the course of two years . Schumacher left Williams at the end of 2004 and joined Toyota Racing in 2005 . However , his performance throughout 2006 and 2007 resulted in Schumacher leaving Formula One , as a result of internal pressure . After leaving Formula One , Schumacher joined the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters in 2008 , achieving minor success , and retired from motorsport at the end of 2012 to enter a managerial role within DTM , mentoring young drivers ." } ] }, { "value": "Williams - BMW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_Grand_Prix_Engineering", "summary": "Williams Grand Prix Engineering Limited , currently racing in Formula One as ROKiT Williams Racing , is a British Formula One motor racing team and constructor . It was founded by team owner Sir Frank Williams and automotive engineer Sir Patrick Head . It is still run by Williams . The team was formed in 1977 after Frank Williams 's two earlier unsuccessful F1 operations : Frank Williams Racing Cars ( 1969 to 1975 ) and Wolf-Williams Racing ( 1976 ) . All of Williams F1 chassis are called FW then a number , the FW being the initials of team owner , Frank Williams . The team 's first race was the 1977 Spanish Grand Prix , where the new team ran a March chassis for Patrick Nève . Williams started manufacturing its own cars the following year , and Switzerland 's Clay Regazzoni won Williams 's first race at the 1979 British Grand Prix . At the 1997 British Grand Prix , Canadian Jacques Villeneuve scored the team 's 100th race victory , making Williams one of only four teams in Formula One , alongside Ferrari , fellow British team McLaren , and Mercedes to win 100 races . Williams won nine Constructors ' Championships between 1980 and 1997 . This stood as a record until Ferrari surpassed it in 2000 . Drivers for Williams have included Australia 's Alan Jones ; Finland 's Keke Rosberg ; Britain 's Nigel Mansell , Damon Hill and Jenson Button ; France 's Alain Prost ; Brazil 's Nelson Piquet and Ayrton Senna ; and Canada 's Jacques Villeneuve . Each of these drivers , with the exception of Senna and Button , have captured one Drivers ' title with the team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BMW_in_Formula_One", "summary": "BMW has been involved in Formula One in a number of capacities since the inauguration of the World Drivers ' Championship in 1950 . The company entered occasional races in the 1950s and 1960s ( often under Formula Two regulations ) , before building the BMW M12/13 inline-four turbocharged engine in the 1980s . This engine was the result of a deal between BMW and Brabham , which resulted in the team 's chassis being powered by BMW engines from 1982 until 1987 , a period in which Nelson Piquet won the 1983 championship driving a Brabham BT52-BMW . BMW also supplied the M12/13 on a customer basis to the ATS , Arrows , Benetton and Ligier teams during this period , with various degrees of success . In 1988 , Brabham temporarily withdrew from the sport and BMW withdrew its official backing from the engines , which were still used by the Arrows team under the Megatron badge . Turbocharged engines were banned by the revised Formula One Technical Regulations for 1989 , rendering the M12/13 obsolete . BMW decided to return to Formula One in the late 1990s by signing an exclusive contract with the Williams team , which needed a new long-term engine supplier after the withdrawal of Renault in 1997 . The programme resulted in the creation of a new V10 engine which made its race début in the Williams FW22 in 2000 . The following year saw the partnership move from the midfield to challenging for race victories , but the desired championship remained elusive due to the dominance of Michael Schumacher and Ferrari in the first half of the 2000s . By 2005 , the relationship between BMW and Williams had deteriorated , and BMW chose to part company and buy the rival Sauber team outright . The BMW Sauber project lasted from 2006 until 2009 , and resulted in a substantial increase in competitiveness for the Swiss former privateer team . Two podium finishes in the first year were followed by a solid third in the Constructors ' Championship in 2007 ( which became second when McLaren was disqualified ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1:19.329", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+0.331", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kimi Räikkönen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kimi_Räikkönen", "summary": "Kimi-Matias Räikkönen ( Finnish pronunciation : [ ˈkimi ˈmɑtiɑs ˈræikːønen ] ; born 17 October 1979 ) , nicknamed Iceman , is a Finnish racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Alfa Romeo Racing . He won the 2007 Formula One World Championship in his first season at Scuderia Ferrari . After nine seasons racing in Formula One he left the sport to compete in the World Rally Championship in 2010 and 2011 , returning to Formula One from 2012 . In addition to this title , Räikkönen also finished second overall in 2003 and 2005 , and third in 2008 , 2012 and 2018 . Räikkönen has won 21 Grands Prix , making him the most successful Finnish driver in terms of Formula One race wins . He is the only driver to take a race win in the V10 , V8 and the hybrid V6 engine eras . Räikkönen entered Formula One as a regular driver for Sauber-Petronas in 2001 , having competed in only 23 car races previously . He joined McLaren-Mercedes in 2002 , and became a title contender by finishing runner-up in the championship to Michael Schumacher in 2003 , and Fernando Alonso in 2005 . Räikkönen 's seasons at McLaren were plagued by severe unreliability from his cars , prompting a move to Ferrari in 2007 . This change saw him crowned Formula One World Drivers ' Champion that season , pipping both McLaren drivers-Lewis Hamilton and Fernando Alonso-to the title by just one point . In 2008 he equalled the record for the greatest number of fastest laps in a season for the second time . Räikkönen left both Scuderia Ferrari and the sport after the 2009 season , his sole victory that year having come in that season 's Belgian Grand Prix due to driving an uncompetitive Ferrari F60 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:20.133", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.135", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Coulthard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Coulthard", "summary": "David Marshall Coulthard , MBE ( /ˈkoʊlθɑːrt/ ; born 27 March 1971 ) , known as DC , is a Scottish former Formula One racing driver turned presenter , commentator and journalist . He was runner-up in the 2001 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for McLaren . Coulthard began karting at the age of eleven and achieved early success before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the Formula 3000 series . He first drove in Formula One with Williams in the 1994 season succeeding the late Ayrton Senna . The following year he won his first Grand Prix in Portugal , and then for the 1996 season he moved to McLaren . After winning two races in the 1997 season , he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship in the 1998 season . He won five races throughout 1999 and 2000 before finishing 2nd in the Drivers ' Championship to Michael Schumacher in 2001 . Two more victories followed between 2002 and 2003 before he left McLaren at the end of 2004 . He moved to Red Bull in 2005 and secured their first podium a year later . Coulthard retired from Formula One racing at the end of 2008 . After retiring from Formula One Coulthard continued working with Red Bull as a consultant and joined the BBC as a commentator and pundit for their coverage of Formula One . He returned to active motorsports in 2010 joining Mücke Motorsport in the Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters and retired at the end of 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "McLaren - Mercedes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/McLaren", "summary": "McLaren Racing Limited is a British motor racing team based at the McLaren Technology Centre , Woking , Surrey , England . McLaren is best known as a Formula One constructor and also has a history of competing in American open wheel racing as both an entrant and a chassis constructor , and has won the Canadian-American Challenge Cup ( Can-Am ) sports car racing championship . The team is the second oldest active , and second most successful Formula One team after Ferrari , having won 182 races , 12 Drivers ' Championships and eight Constructors ' Championships . The team is a wholly owned subsidiary of the McLaren Group . Founded in 1963 by New Zealander Bruce McLaren , the team won its first Grand Prix at the 1968 Belgian Grand Prix , but their greatest initial success was in Can-Am , which they dominated from 1967 to 1971 . Further American triumph followed , with Indianapolis 500 wins in McLaren cars for Mark Donohue in 1972 and Johnny Rutherford in 1974 and 1976 . After Bruce McLaren died in a testing accident in 1970 , Teddy Mayer took over and led the team to their first Formula One Constructors ' Championship in 1974 , with Emerson Fittipaldi and James Hunt winning the Drivers ' Championship in 1974 and 1976 respectively . The year 1974 also marked the start of a long-standing sponsorship by Phillip Morris ' Marlboro cigarette brand . In 1981 , McLaren merged with Ron Dennis ' Project Four Racing ; Dennis took over as team principal and shortly after organised a buyout of the original McLaren shareholders to take full control of the team . This began the team 's most successful era : with Porsche and Honda engines , Niki Lauda , Alain Prost , and Ayrton Senna took between them seven Drivers ' Championships and the team took six Constructors ' Championships . The combination of Prost and Senna was particularly dominant - together they won all but one race in 1988 - but later their rivalry soured and Prost left for Ferrari . Fellow English team Williams offered the most consistent challenge during this period , the two winning every constructors ' title between 1984 and 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mercedes_AMG_High_Performance_Powertrains", "summary": "Mercedes AMG High Performance Powertrains ( previously known as Ilmor Engineering and Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines ) is a British Formula One engine manufacturer , owned by Mercedes-Benz . The company supplied Sauber during the 1994 season , McLaren from 1995 to 2014 , Force India from 2009 to 2018 , Brawn in 2009 , the Mercedes factory team since 2010 , Williams since 2014 , Lotus in 2015 , Manor Racing in 2016 , Racing Point Force India in 2018 and Racing Point since 2018 . Their engines have won eight Formula One Constructors ' Championships and ten Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:20.315", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.317", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jarno Trulli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jarno_Trulli", "summary": "Jarno Trulli ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈjarno ˈtrulli ] ; born 13 July 1974 ) is an Italian racing driver . He regularly competed in Formula One from 1997 to 2011 , driving for Minardi , Prost , Jordan , Renault , Toyota , Lotus Racing and Team Lotus . His best result in the World Drivers ' Championship was sixth place in 2004 ; this was also the year in which he scored the only win of his Formula One career at the 2004 Monaco Grand Prix . Throughout his Formula One career , Trulli was renowned for his skill in qualifying , regularly achieving far better grid positions than rivals with superior cars to his own . He was also known for his defensive driving style which allowed him to successfully hold off quicker drivers , sometimes for an entire race . The combination of being able to achieve high grid positions in comparatively slow cars and his ability to hold off faster drivers would often result in a line of vehicles forming behind him during a race , which was commonly referred to as the 'Trulli Train ' by commentators , fans and journalists . Trulli was slated to compete in the 2012 Formula One season , but retired before the season began . In 2014-15 he competed in the inaugural season of the FIA Formula E Championship , driving for Trulli GP , a team he founded himself ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:20.516", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.518", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mika Salo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mika_Salo", "summary": "Mika Juhani Salo ( born 30 November 1966 ) is a Finnish former professional racing driver . He competed in Formula One between 1994 and 2002 . His best ranking was 10th in the world championship in 1999 , when he stood in for the injured Michael Schumacher at Ferrari for six races , scoring two podiums . He also won the GT2 class in the 2008 and 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:20.995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+1.997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jacques Villeneuve", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacques_Villeneuve", "summary": "Jacques Joseph Charles Villeneuve OQ ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒɑk vilnœv ] ; born April 9 , 1971 ) is a Canadian professional auto racing driver and amateur musician . Villeneuve currently competes in the NASCAR Whelen Euro Series , driving the # 32 Chevrolet Camaro for Go Fas Racing in the Elite 1 class . He is the son of Formula One driver Gilles Villeneuve , and is the namesake of his uncle , who was also a racer . Villeneuve won the 1995 CART Championship , the 1995 Indianapolis 500 and the 1997 Formula One World Championship , making him only the third driver after Mario Andretti and Emerson Fittipaldi to achieve such a feat . As of 2019 [ update ] , no other Canadian has won the Indianapolis 500 or the Formula One Drivers ' title . Following two successful years in CART , Villeneuve moved into Formula One with the front-running Williams team , alongside Damon Hill . In his debut season , Villeneuve challenged teammate Hill for the title , winning four races and taking the fight to the final round in Japan , where Villeneuve retired and Hill won the race and the title . Villeneuve , however , did win the following year 's title , this time challenging Michael Schumacher and once again taking it to the final round in Jerez , where Schumacher retired after the two collided . 1997 would be the last year in which Villeneuve would win a championship level race and finish the season in the top three . For 1998 , Villeneuve 's Williams team had to fare with less competitive Mecachrome engines , and Villeneuve moved to the newly formed British American Racing team in 1999 . He stayed there for the next four seasons but , following poor results he was replaced by former British Formula Three Champion Takuma Sato . Villeneuve also drove for Renault at the end of 2004 , and Sauber in the 2005 season and eleven races of the 2006 season before suffering an injury in Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.130", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.132", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nick Heidfeld", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Heidfeld", "summary": "Nick Lars Heidfeld ( born 10 May 1977 ) is a German professional racing driver . Despite scoring regular podium finishes in 2005 with Williams , and in 2007 and 2008 with BMW Sauber , Heidfeld never won a race after debuting in Formula One in 2000 . Heidfeld currently holds three Formula One records ; most podium finishes without a Grand Prix win ( 13 ) , most second-place finishes without a win ( 8 ) , and the most consecutive race classifications ( 41 ) . In 2011 , Heidfeld raced in Formula One for the Renault team as a replacement for the injured Robert Kubica , his former BMW Sauber teammate , before being replaced by Bruno Senna . He currently drives for the Rebellion Racing team in the FIA World Endurance Championship and for Mahindra Racing Formula E Team in Formula E ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.187", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.189", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Felipe Massa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Felipe_Massa", "summary": "Felipe Massa ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ fiˈlipi ˈmasɐ ] , born 25 April 1981 ) is a Brazilian Formula E and former Formula One racing driver . He competed in 15 seasons of Formula One between 2002 and 2017 , where he scored 11 Grand Prix victories , 41 podiums and finished as championship runner-up in 2008 . Massa started his career in go-karting from the age of eight continuing in national and regional championships for seven years . He moved into Formula Chevrolet and claimed the championship . He moved in Italian Formula Renault in 2000 and won the title along with the European championship . Massa went into Euro Formula 3000 taking the championship in 2001 . Massa started his Formula One career with Sauber before joining Scuderia Ferrari as a test driver for 2003 . He returned to Sauber for 2004 and 2005 before rejoining Ferrari where he won two races in 2006 including his home Grand Prix becoming the first Brazilian since Ayrton Senna to win the Brazilian Grand Prix . Massa won three races in 2007 , finishing 4th in the Drivers ' Championship . He finished second in the 2008 Drivers ' World Championship after a long title battle with Lewis Hamilton , winning six races to Hamilton 's five . At the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix , Massa was injured by a suspension spring off the Brawn GP car of Rubens Barrichello . Massa was forced to miss the rest of the season but returned in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sauber - Petronas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sauber", "summary": "Sauber Motorsport AG is a Swiss motorsport engineering company . It was founded in 1970 ( as PP Sauber AG ) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . In 2019 , following a sponsorship deal , Sauber Motorsport AG renamed their Formula One racing team to Alfa Romeo Racing after operating it under their own name from 1993 until 2018 . Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent , the team was sold to BMW in 2005 , and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009 , scoring one victory . At the end of the 2009 season BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team 's future remained uncertain for several months , until it was sold back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry . Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as BMW Sauber for the 2010 season . In March 2010 , Peter Sauber announced plans to change the team name during the season , but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season to change their name . At the beginning of the 2011 season the team dropped BMW from their name . Until mid-2016 Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team , with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW 's withdrawal . The team was sold during the 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A , with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber 's role as chairman of the board and president ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sauber_Petronas_Engineering", "summary": "Sauber Petronas Engineering AG ( SPE ) was a company owned jointly by the Swiss racing car manufacturer Sauber ( 60% ) and the Malaysian oil company Petronas ( 40% ) . It was founded in 1996 for the purpose of supplying engines to the Sauber Formula One team but at the same time the company began work on the design of production car engines for the Malaysian national car company Proton . The company also helped develop racing motorcycles like Petronas GP1 . Former Honda and Ferrari engineer Osamu Goto was in charge of the Powertrain Division , including the F1 engine program . The engines were for many years nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari but were branded Petronas . Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff . Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis , but no formal accusations were ever made , even if FIA rules require each team to design their own chassis . The long-term aim of Sauber Petronas was to design and build its own F1 engines for the 1999 season but the programme was abandoned , choosing instead to continue with the Ferrari units . In 1998 , Petronas commissioned the Powertrain Division of SPE to design their own first commercial automotive engine , the Petronas E01e engine . After the 2005 season , Sauber was bought by BMW and the co-operation with Ferrari ended ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.191", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.193", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jenson Button", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jenson_Button", "summary": "Jenson Alexander Lyons Button MBE ( born 19 January 1980 ) is a British racing driver and former Formula One driver . He won the 2009 Formula One World Championship , driving for Brawn GP . He currently competes in the Japanese Super GT Series driving a Honda NSX-GT for Team Kunimitsu , in which he won the title in 2018 . Button began karting at the age of eight and achieved early success , before progressing to car racing in the British Formula Ford Championship and the British Formula 3 Championship . He first drove in Formula One with Williams for the 2000 season . The following year he switched to Benetton , which in 2002 became Renault , and then for the 2003 season he moved to BAR . In 2004 he finished 3rd in the World Drivers ' Championship , with only the two Ferraris ahead of him . BAR was subsequently renamed Honda for the 2006 season , during which Button won his first Grand Prix in Hungary , after 113 races . Following the withdrawal of Honda from the sport in December 2008 , he was left without a drive for the 2009 season , until Ross Brawn led a management buyout of the team in February 2009 , and Button suddenly found himself in a highly competitive , Mercedes-engined car . He went on to win a record-tying six of the first seven races of the 2009 season , securing the World Drivers ' Championship at the Brazilian Grand Prix , having led on points all season ; his success also helped Brawn GP to secure the World Constructors ' Championship . For 2010 , he moved to McLaren , partnering fellow British racer and former World Champion Lewis Hamilton . After finishing fifth for the team in 2010 , Button finished the 2011 season as runner-up ." } ] }, { "value": "Renault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renault_in_Formula_One", "summary": "The French automotive manufacturer Renault has been associated with Formula One as both constructor and engine supplier for various periods since 1977 . In 1977 , the company entered Formula One as a constructor , introducing the turbo engine to Formula One in its first car , the Renault RS01 . In 1983 , Renault began supplying engines to other teams . Although the Renault team won races and competed for world titles , it withdrew at the end of 1985 . Renault continued supplying engines to other teams until 1986 , then again from 1989 to 1997 and at various other times since then until the present . Renault returned to Formula One in 2000 when it acquired the Enstone-based Benetton Formula team ( formerly Toleman ) . In 2002 Renault re-branded the team as Renault F1 Team and started to use Renault as their constructor name , winning both the Drivers ' and Constructors ' Championships in 2005 and 2006 . For the 2011 season the team competed under the name Lotus Renault GP but retained the Renault constructor name . In 2012 , the team changed their constructor name to Lotus and operated as Lotus F1 Team until the end of 2015 , when they returned to the control of Renault as a works manufacturer . For the 2019 season Sport was removed from the team 's official title . Renault has also supplied engines to other teams , including Red Bull Racing ( 2007-2015 ) , Benetton Formula ( 1995-1997 , 2001 ) and Williams ( 1989-1997 , 2012-2013 ) . In addition to its two own F1 World Constructors ' Championships ( 2005 , 2006 ) and two Drivers ' Championships , as an engine supplier , Renault has contributed to nine other World Drivers ' Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.247", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.249", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Olivier Panis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olivier_Panis", "summary": "Olivier Panis ( born 2 September 1966 ) is a French professional racing driver . Panis drove in Formula One for ten seasons , scoring one win at the 1996 Monaco Grand Prix for the Ligier team . As of 2019 , he is the last French driver to win a Formula One Grand Prix . He is the father of racing driver Aurélien Panis ." } ] }, { "value": "BAR - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/British_American_Racing", "summary": "British American Racing , abbreviated as BAR , was a Formula One constructor that competed in the sport from 1999 to 2005 . BAR began by acquiring Tyrrell , and used Supertec engines for their first year . Subsequently , they formed a partnership with Honda which lasted for the next six years . The team was named after British American Tobacco plc ( BAT ) , which owned and sponsored it in order to display its Lucky Strike and 555 brands . The headquarters were in Brackley , Northamptonshire , United Kingdom . In mid-November 2004 , Japanese automobile manufacturer Honda purchased 45% of the team , and in September 2005 , purchased the remaining 55% share to become the sole owner . Consequently , BAR Honda became Honda Racing F1 Team for the 2006 Formula One season . BAT continued as title sponsor with the Lucky Strike brand , but due to new tobacco advertising regulations worldwide , pulled its sponsorship from Formula One entirely at the end of the 2006 season . Honda ran the team for the 2006 , 2007 and 2008 seasons . During 2008 , the Honda RA109 was being developed for the following year while Honda attempted to sell the team . A management buy-out by team principal Ross Brawn and an engine supply deal with Mercedes-Benz resulted in a remarkable 2009 season in which Brawn GP team won the Constructors ' Championship with Jenson Button winning the Drivers ' Championship . Mercedes bought the team in November 2009 and as of January 2020 [ update ] , the team competes as Mercedes-AMG Petronas Formula One Team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.274", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.276", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Takuma Sato", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Takuma_Sato", "summary": "Takuma Sato ( 佐藤 琢磨 , Satō Takuma , born 28 January 1977 ) is a Japanese professional racing driver . Sato has raced full-time in the IndyCar Series since 2010 for the Honda-powered KV , Rahal , Foyt , Andretti , and again starting from 2018 , the Rahal teams . Sato won the 2017 Indianapolis 500 , becoming the first Asian driver to win the Indy 500 . He also became the first Japanese driver to win an IndyCar race when he won the 2013 Grand Prix of Long Beach . He competed in Formula One from 2002 to 2008 for the Honda-powered Jordan , BAR and Super Aguri teams , scoring a single podium at the 2004 United States Grand Prix . His 8th-place finish in the 2004 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship is the best-ever result for a Japanese driver in the series ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.337", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.339", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Allan McNish", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allan_McNish", "summary": "Allan McNish ( born 29 December 1969 ) is a British former racing driver , commentator , and journalist from Scotland . He is a three-time winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans , most recently in 2013 , as well as a three-time winner of the American Le Mans Series , which he last won in 2007 . He won the FIA World Endurance Championship ( FIA WEC ) in 2013 . He has also been a co-commentator and pundit for BBC Formula One coverage on TV , radio and online and is currently the team principal of the Audi Sport ABT Schaeffler Formula E team ." } ] }, { "value": "Toyota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Racing_(Formula_One_team)", "summary": "Panasonic Toyota Racing was a Formula One team owned by the Japanese automobile manufacturer Toyota Motor Corporation and based in Cologne , Germany . Toyota announced their plans to participate in Formula One in 1999 , and after extensive testing with their initial car , dubbed the TF101 , the team made their debut in 2002 . The new team grew from Toyota 's long-standing Toyota Motorsport GmbH organisation , which had previously competed in the World Rally Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans . Despite a point in their first-ever race , Toyota never won a Grand Prix , their best finish being 2nd position , which they achieved five times . Toyota drew criticism for their lack of success , as they never managed to win with one of the sport 's biggest budgets . Toyota was a well-funded team , but despite this , strong results had never been consistent . On 4 November 2009 , Toyota announced its immediate withdrawal from Formula One , ending the team 's involvement in the sport after eight consecutive seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.382", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.384", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Heinz-Harald Frentzen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heinz-Harald_Frentzen", "summary": "Heinz-Harald Frentzen ( born 18 May 1967 ) , nicknamed HHF , is a German former racing driver . He finished runner-up in the 1997 Formula One World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Williams ." } ] }, { "value": "Arrows - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International", "summary": "Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.416", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.418", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Giancarlo Fisichella", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giancarlo_Fisichella", "summary": "Giancarlo Fisichella ( Italian pronunciation : [ dʒaŋˈkarlo fiziˈkɛlla ] ; born 14 January 1973 ) , also known as Fisico , Giano or Fisi , is an Italian professional racing driver . He has driven in Formula One for Minardi , Jordan , Benetton , Sauber , Renault , Force India and Ferrari . Since then he has driven for AF Corse in their Ferrari 458 GTE at various sportscar events , becoming twice a Le Mans 24 Hour class winner , and a GT class winner of the Petit Le Mans at Road Atlanta . He was also Ferrari 's F1 reserve driver for 2010 . Fisichella won three races in his Formula One career , the first of which was at the chaotic 2003 Brazilian Grand Prix , a race abandoned for safety reasons with 15 laps remaining . After several days of confusion regarding rules and technicalities , Fisichella was eventually declared the winner in the following week , and collected his trophy in an unofficial ceremony at the following race . He was brought into the Renault team to replace fellow Italian Jarno Trulli , and won his first race with the team in Australia in 2005 . However , after that race it was his teammate , the Spanish driver Fernando Alonso , that would win the greater share of races for Renault . Although highly rated as a driver , Fisichella was unable to keep pace with eventual champion Alonso , managing just one further race win following his debut . Outside of driving , he has backed his own GP2 team , FMS International . On 17 June 2012 Fisichella won the GTE Pro division of the Le Mans 24hrs for AF Corse and followed this up with the Manufacturers ' title in the WEC at the end of the season ." } ] }, { "value": "Jordan - Honda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Grand_Prix", "summary": "Jordan Grand Prix was a Formula One constructor that competed from 1991 to 2005 . The team is named after Irish businessman and founder Eddie Jordan . Jordan and his team were well known for an easygoing attitude which added colour and character to Formula One in the 1990s . The team was based at Silverstone , UK but raced with the Irish licence . In early 2005 , the team was sold to Midland Group , who competed for one final season as 'Jordan ' , before renaming the team as MF1 Racing for the 2006 season , before being sold later in 2006 to Dutch car manufacturer Spyker to become Spyker F1 for 2007 , and then sold again to become Force India in 2008 . In 2018 , as a result of the financial collapse of the Force India team , and its subsequent buyout by a consortium led by Lawrence Stroll , the team 's FIA entry was not transferred , and the Jordan Grand Prix 's original entry was finally excluded from the sport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honda_in_Formula_One", "summary": "Honda has participated in Formula One , as an entrant , constructor and engine supplier , for various periods since 1964 . Honda 's involvement in Formula One began with the 1964 season , and in 1965 they achieved their first victory at the Mexican Grand Prix . After further success with John Surtees , Honda withdrew at the end of the 1968 season due to difficulties selling road cars in the United States and Honda driver Jo Schlesser 's fatal accident . Honda returned in 1983 as an engine supplier , which started a very successful period for Honda . After winning races in 1984 and 1985 , Honda won the Constructors ' Championship every year between 1986 and 1991 with Williams and McLaren , and the Drivers ' Championship every year from 1987 to 1991 with Nelson Piquet , Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost . Honda withdrew at the end of 1992 after having achieved their targets . Honda returned again in 2000 , providing engines for British American Racing ( BAR ) . BAR-Honda finished second in the Constructors ' Championship in 2004 , and by the end of 2005 Honda had bought out the BAR team , which became the Honda team for 2006 . After a good 2006 season where Jenson Button won the Hungarian Grand Prix , Honda announced in December 2008 that they would be exiting Formula One with immediate effect due to the global financial crisis , following two difficult seasons in 2007 and 2008 . In May 2013 , Honda announced their intention to return to the sport in the 2015 season under a works agreement with McLaren to supply power units . The first iterations of the Honda engines proved to be uncompetitive , and Honda spent their first three years under the harsh scrutiny of the public eye as they developed their power unit . McLaren and Honda split after three years , Toro Rosso however , agreed to use Honda engines for the 2018 season as a works outfit ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.636", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.638", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Enrique Bernoldi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Enrique_Bernoldi", "summary": "Enrique Antônio Langue e Silvério de Bernoldi ( born 19 October 1978 in Curitiba ) is a Brazilian professional racing driver who raced for the Arrows Formula One team in 2001 and 2002 , and was the test driver for BAR Honda between 2004 and 2006 . He entered IndyCar racing in 2008 , and competed in the FIA GT World Championship between 2009 and 2011 , in addition to entering multiple other competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "Arrows - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arrows_Grand_Prix_International", "summary": "Arrows Grand Prix International was a British Formula One team active from 1978 to 2002 . It was known as Footwork from 1991 to 1996 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.780", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.782", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eddie Irvine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eddie_Irvine", "summary": "Edmund Irvine Jr. ( born 10 November 1965 ) is a former racing driver from Northern Ireland . He competed in Formula One between 1993 and 2002 , and finished runner-up in the 1999 World Drivers ' Championship , driving for Scuderia Ferrari . He began his career at the age of seventeen when he entered the Formula Ford Championship , achieving early success , before progressing to the Formula Three and Formula 3000 Championships . He made his Formula One debut in 1993 with Jordan Grand Prix , where he achieved early notoriety for his involvement in incidents on and off the track . He scored his first podium in 1995 with Jordan , before moving to Ferrari in 1996 . His most successful season was in 1999 when he took four victories and challenged McLaren driver Mika Häkkinen for the World Championship . He moved to Jaguar Racing in 2000 , scoring the team 's first podium in 2001 and his final podium in 2002 . Irvine retired from competitive motorsport at the end of the 2002 season . Since retiring , Irvine became a media personality in Great Britain . He was linked with the takeover of the Jordan and Minardi Formula One teams in 2005 , but talks came to nothing . Irvine also expanded his interests in the property market , having built up an investment portfolio during his racing career ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaguar - Cosworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaguar_Racing", "summary": "Jaguar Racing is the name given to Jaguar 's racing interests . It currently competes in Formula E under the name Panasonic Jaguar Racing . It was previously a Formula One constructor that competed in the FIA Formula One World Championship from 2000 to 2004 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cosworth", "summary": "Cosworth is a British automotive engineering company founded in London in 1958 ; 62 years ago ( 1958 ) , specialising in high-performance internal combustion engines , powertrain , and electronics ; for automobile racing ( motorsport ) and mainstream automotive industries . Cosworth is based in Northampton , England , with American facilities in Indianapolis , Shelby Charter Township , Michigan and Mooresville , North Carolina . Cosworth has collected 176 wins in Formula One ( F1 ) as engine supplier , ranking third with most wins , behind Ferrari and Mercedes ." } ] }, { "value": "1:21.851", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+2.853", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Webber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Webber", "summary": "Mark Alan Webber AO ( born 27 August 1976 ) is an Australian former professional racing driver , who last competed in the FIA World Endurance Championship as a Porsche works driver in LMP1 , in which he won the championship in 2015 . Webber won nine Formula One Grands Prix and finished third in the championship in 2010 , 2011 and 2013 , all of which achieved while driving for Red Bull Racing . After some racing success in Australia driving Formula Ford and Formula Holden , Webber moved to the United Kingdom in 1995 to further his motorsport career . Webber began a partnership with fellow Australian Paul Stoddart , at that time owner of the European Racing Formula 3000 team , which eventually took them both into Formula One when Stoddart bought the Minardi team . He also beat future F1 World Champion Fernando Alonso , then 19 , in the 2000 International Formula 3000 season . Webber made his Formula One debut in 2002 , scoring Minardi 's first points in three years at his and Stoddart 's home race . After his first season , Jaguar took him on as lead driver . During two years with the generally uncompetitive team , Webber qualified on the front two rows of the grid several times and outperformed his teammates . His first F1 win was with Red Bull at the 2009 German Grand Prix , which followed second places at the 2009 Chinese Grand Prix , 2009 Turkish Grand Prix and 2009 British Grand Prix . By the end of 2009 , Webber had scored eight podiums , including another victory in Brazil . His eight podiums in 2009 compares with only two podiums in the first seven years of his career . He added ten more podiums in 2010 , including victories in Spain , Monaco , Britain and Hungary ." } ] }, { "value": "Minardi - Asiatech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minardi", "summary": "Minardi was an Italian automobile racing team and constructor founded in Faenza in 1979 by Giancarlo Minardi . It competed in the Formula One World Championship from 1985 until 2005 with little success , nevertheless acquiring a loyal following of fans . In 2001 , to save the team from folding , Minardi sold it to Australian businessman Paul Stoddart , who ran the team for five years before selling it on to Red Bull GmbH in 2005 who renamed it Scuderia Toro Rosso . From 2001 , all of Minardi chassis are called PS then a number , the PS being the initials of team owner , Paul Stoddart . During its time in F1 , the team scored a total of 38 championship points ; 16 of these were earned by the team 's first driver , Pierluigi Martini . Martini also recorded the team 's only front row start , qualifying 2nd at the 1990 United States Grand Prix , and he led a lap during the 1989 Portuguese Grand Prix , the only time a Minardi led a lap . The team never achieved a podium finish , only managing three 4th-place finishes : Martini twice in 1991 and Christian Fittipaldi in 1993 . In the 21 seasons , Minardi entered 37 drivers . Thirteen had Italian nationality , the others came with 13 different nationalities ( discounting Doornbos racing under a Monaco license in 2005 ) . Martini started in 103 Grands Prix for the team , while Morbidelli and Gené started 33 times . Before Minardi 's demise , the team was a particularly well-liked team within Formula One circles for its friendliness , accessibility , and lack of corporate culture . On the track , their cars were regarded by many as well-designed for their tiny budget , their low position recognised as a result of a lack of funds ( and engine power ) rather than a poor car ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Asiatech", "summary": "Asiatech was the trade name of Asia Motor Technologies France , a company founded in 2000 by Japanese private capital under the leadership of Dr. John Gano and Enrique Scalabroni , which purchased the assets of the Peugeot Formula One programme at the end of the 2000 season . Its mandate was to acquire top-level European engine technology for Asia and to create an Asian-themed F1 team . It increased staffing from 170 to 221 employees , supplied its engines in development for testing at no cost to minor teams in 2001 and 2002 , and had designed and presented the wind-tunnel model of its original F1 chassis when its Japanese private funding failed in 2002 . Asiatech returned the staff and facilities it had acquired back to Peugeot and wound down at the end of the 2002 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1:22.281", "urls": [] }, { "value": "+3.283", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Classification -- Qualifying", "section_text": "", "uid": "2002_British_Grand_Prix_0", "intro": "The 2002 British Grand Prix (formally the LV Foster's British Grand Prix) was a Formula One motor race held at the Silverstone Circuit in Northamptonshire, England on 7 July 2002. The 60-lap race was the tenth race of the 2002 Formula One season and was won by Michael Schumacher, driving a Ferrari, with team-mate Rubens Barrichello second and Juan Pablo Montoya third in a Williams-BMW." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia", "title": "List of soccer clubs in Australia", "header": [ "Club", "League/Division", "Lvl", "State", "City" ], "data": [ { "value": "Kahibah FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kahibah_FC", "summary": "Kahibah FC is a semi-professional football club based in Kahibah in the Hunter Region , New South Wales . Kahibah FC currently competes in the Northern NSW State League Division 1 with teams in First Grade , Under 23s , Under 19 and Under 17 divisions . The Northern NSW State League Division 1 is the second tier of football in NNSW below the National Premier Leagues Northern NSW . Kahibah FC will have Andre Gumprecht as player and coach for the 2015 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Northern NSW State League Division 1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northern_NSW_State_League_Division_1", "summary": "The Northern NSW State League Division 1 ( known as the NEWFM Northern League One for sponsorship reasons ) is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from New South Wales . The league sits at Level 2 on the New South Wales league system ( Level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Northern NSW Football , the governing body of the sport in the northern region of the state ( the southern region governed by Football NSW ) . Prior to 2014 , the league was formally known as the Northern NSW Football League Division 2 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New South Wales", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lake Macquarie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/City_of_Lake_Macquarie", "summary": "The City of Lake Macquarie is a local government area in the Hunter Region of New South Wales , Australia and was proclaimed a city from 7 September 1984 . The area is situated adjacent to the city of Newcastle and is part of the Greater Newcastle Area . The city is approximately 150 km ( 93 mi ) north of Sydney . One of its major tourist attractions is its lake , also named Lake Macquarie . The mayor of the City of Lake Macquarie Council is Councillor Kay Fraser , a member of the Labor Party . The Royal Australian Navy ship HMAS Tobruk was granted the Right of Freedom of Entry to the City of Lake Macquarie on 9 August 1991 ." } ] }, { "value": "Keilor Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keilor_Park_SC", "summary": "Keilor Park Soccer Club is an Australian soccer club based in Keilor Park , Melbourne . The club currently competes in the Victorian State League Division 2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_1", "summary": "The Victorian State League Division 1 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from Victoria . The league is divided in two divisions : North-West and South-East . It sits at Level 3 on the Victorian league system ( Level 4 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football Federation Victoria , the governing body of the sport in the state ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Keilor Wolves", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 5", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_5", "summary": "Victorian State League Division 5 is the seventh level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the eighth nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional League 3 and the Metropolitan League in 2013 following a restructure of the Victorian State League . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 4 . As the lowest tier in Victorian football system , there is no relegation from the league , however clubs may apply to join ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Kelmscott Roos", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Football West State League Division 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Football_West_State_League_Division_2", "summary": "The Football West State League Division 2 is a regional Australian semi-professional association football league comprising teams from Western Australia . The league sits at Level 3 on the Western Australian league system ( Level 4 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football West , the governing body of the sport in the state ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Western Australia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Perth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Perth", "summary": "Perth ( /ˈpɜːrθ/ ( listen ) PURTH ) is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia ( WA ) . It is named after the city of Perth , Scotland and is Australia 's fourth-most populous city , with a population of 2.06 million living in Greater Perth . Perth is part of the South West Land Division of Western Australia , with most of the metropolitan area on the Swan Coastal Plain , a narrow strip between the Indian Ocean and the Darling Scarp . The first areas settled were on the Swan River at Guildford , with the city 's central business district and port ( Fremantle ) both later founded downriver . Captain James Stirling founded Perth in 1829 as the administrative centre of the Swan River Colony . It gained city status ( currently vested in the smaller City of Perth ) in 1856 and was promoted to the status of a Lord Mayorality in 1929 . The city inherited its name due to the influence of Sir George Murray , then Member of Parliament for Perthshire and Secretary of State for War and the Colonies . The city 's population increased substantially as a result of the Western Australian gold rushes in the late 19th century . During Australia 's involvement in World War II , Fremantle served as a base for submarines operating in the Pacific Theatre , and a US Navy Catalina flying boat fleet was based at Matilda Bay . An influx of immigrants after the war , predominantly from Britain , Italy , Greece , and Yugoslavia , led to rapid population growth . This was followed by a surge in economic activity flowing from several mining booms in the late 20th and early 21st centuries that saw Perth become the regional headquarters for several large mining operations . As part of Perth 's role as the capital of Western Australia , the state 's Parliament and Supreme Court are in the city , as is Government House , the residence of the Governor of Western Australia ." } ] }, { "value": "Keon Park", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 5", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_5", "summary": "Victorian State League Division 5 is the seventh level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the eighth nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional League 3 and the Metropolitan League in 2013 following a restructure of the Victorian State League . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 4 . As the lowest tier in Victorian football system , there is no relegation from the league , however clubs may apply to join ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Keysborough", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 4", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_4", "summary": "Victorian State League Division 4 is the sixth level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the seventh nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional Leagues 1 and 2 at the end of the 2012 season . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 3 , while the bottom two placed sides in each conference are relegated to their respective conference in State League 5 ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Kingborough Lions United", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingborough_Lions_United_FC", "summary": "Kingborough Lions United Football Club is a professional association football club based in Kingston , Tasmania . Founded in 1998 , the club currently competes in the NPL Tasmania ." } ] }, { "value": "National Premier Leagues Tasmania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Tasmania", "summary": "The National Premier Leagues Tasmania is an Australian semi-professional soccer league covering all regions of Tasmania . The league is a subdivision of the National Premier Leagues and commenced in 2013 with eight teams , expanding to nine teams in 2019 . Nationally the league sits below the A-League and above the Tasmanian regional championship competitions ( with whom promotion and relegation will exist from the 2019 season onwards ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tasmania", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hobart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hobart", "summary": "Hobart ( /ˈhoʊbɑːrt/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania . With a population of approximately 240,342 ( over 45% of Tasmania 's population ) , it is the least populated Australian state capital city , and second smallest if territories are taken into account ( after Darwin , Northern Territory ) . The city is located in the state 's south-east on the estuary of the River Derwent , making it the most southern of Australia 's capital cities . Its skyline is dominated by the 1,271-metre ( 4,170 ft ) Mount Wellington , and its harbour forms the second-deepest natural port in the world , with much of the city 's waterfront consisting of reclaimed land . The metropolitan area is often referred to as Greater Hobart , to differentiate it from the City of Hobart , one of the five local government areas that cover the city . Founded in 1804 as a British penal colony , Hobart is Australia 's second oldest capital city after Sydney , New South Wales . Prior to British settlement , the Hobart area had been occupied for possibly as long as 35,000 years , by the semi-nomadic Mouheneener tribe , a sub-group of the Nuennone , or South-East tribe . The descendants of these Aboriginal Tasmanians often refer to themselves as 'Palawa ' . Since its foundation , the city has expanded from the mouth of Sullivans Cove in a generally north-south direction along both banks of the River Derwent , from 22 km inland from the estuary at Storm Bay to the point where the river reverts to fresh water at Bridgewater . Penal transportation ended in the 1850s , after which the city experienced periods of growth and decline . The early 20th century saw an economic boom on the back of mining , agriculture and other primary industries , and the loss of men who served in the world wars was counteracted by an influx of immigration . Despite the rise in migration from Asia and other non-English speaking regions , Hobart 's population remains predominantly ethnically Anglo-Celtic , and has the highest percentage of Australian-born residents among Australia 's capital cities ." } ] }, { "value": "Kings Domain", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 4", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_4", "summary": "Victorian State League Division 4 is the sixth level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the seventh nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional Leagues 1 and 2 at the end of the 2012 season . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 3 , while the bottom two placed sides in each conference are relegated to their respective conference in State League 5 ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Kingston City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingston_City_FC", "summary": "Kingston City Football Club is an Australian , professional soccer club from Clayton South , Victoria , a suburb within the local government area of Kingston . Kingston club currently competes in the National Premier Leagues Victoria . The club plays out of The Grange Reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "National Premier Leagues Victoria 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Premier_Leagues_Victoria_2", "summary": "The National Premier Leagues Victoria 2 , commonly referred to as NPL Victoria 2 , is a regional Australian semi-professional soccer league comprising teams from Victoria . The league sits at level 2 on the Victorian league system , behind the National Premier Leagues Victoria , ( level 3 of the overall Australian league system ) . The competition is administered by Football Federation Victoria , the governing body of the sport in the state ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Knox City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Knox_City_FC", "summary": "Knox City Football Club ( formerly Knox City Soccer Club ) is an Australian association football club from Knoxfield , a suburb of Melbourne , Victoria . The club was formed as Bayswater Soccer Club in 1951 by German members of the Temple Society who had been sent to Australia for internment from Palestine . The club spent one season in the Victorian Premier League in 2004 , however they were immediately relegated after finishing in last position . The club currently plays in Division 4 of the State League , following relegation from Division 3 after finishing last at the end of the 2012 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 3", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_3", "summary": "The Victorian State League Division 3 is the fifth tier soccer competition ( behind the National Premier Leagues ) in Victoria , Australia , and the sixth nationally , including the A-League . It is conducted by the Football Federation Victoria , the state 's football governing body ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Kyneton District", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victorian State League Division 5", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victorian_State_League_Division_5", "summary": "Victorian State League Division 5 is the seventh level of soccer in Victoria , Australia , and the eighth nationally . The league is split into four geographic conferences - North , West , South and East . The league replaced Provisional League 3 and the Metropolitan League in 2013 following a restructure of the Victorian State League . The winners of each conference are promoted to Victorian State League Division 4 . As the lowest tier in Victorian football system , there is no relegation from the league , however clubs may apply to join ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Victoria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kyneton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kyneton", "summary": "Kyneton ( /ˈkaɪntən/ KYNE-tən ) is a town in the Macedon Ranges region of Victoria , Australia . The Calder Freeway bypasses Kyneton to the north and east . The town was named after the English village of Kineton , Warwickshire . The town has three main streets : Mollison Street , Piper Street and High Street . Piper Street has the oldest streetscape of these , and still has many of its original buildings . The railway station , about 91 kilometres ( 57 mi ) from Melbourne on the Bendigo railway line , is a terminus for two weekday peak-hour trains . The town is the council seat of the Shire of Macedon Ranges . At the 2016 census , Kyneton recorded a population of 6,951 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Alphabetically -- K", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_soccer_clubs_in_Australia_10", "intro": "This is a list of soccer clubs in Australia. The Australian soccer league system consists of a national league - A-League (men) and W-League (women) - a state/territory-based second tier National Premier Leagues (NPL) structure and other state-based leagues. Promotion and relegation exists in some states between NPL and state leagues, however not between the A-League and the NPL. Included are all clubs playing in state (or territory)-wide leagues, or where states are split into two separate leagues." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Austria_at_the_Olympics", "title": "List of flag bearers for Austria at the Olympics", "header": [ "#", "Event year", "Season", "Flag bearer", "Sport" ], "data": [ { "value": "38", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2018", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2018_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Korean : 제23회 동계 올림픽 , romanized : Jeisipsamhoe Donggye Ollimpik ) and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held between 9 and 25 February 2018 in Pyeongchang County , Gangwon Province , South Korea , with the opening rounds for certain events held on 8 February 2018 , the day before the opening ceremony . Pyeongchang was elected as the host city in July 2011 , at the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . This was the second time that South Korea had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul , but it was only the first Winter Olympics to be held in the country . It was the first of three consecutive Olympics to be held in East Asia , the following two being Tokyo 2020 ( summer ) and Beijing 2022 ( winter ) . It was the third time that an East Asian country had hosted the Winter Games , after Sapporo ( 1972 ) and Nagano ( 1998 ) , both of these cities in Japan . It was also the first Winter Olympics to be held in mainland Asia . The Games featured 102 events over 15 disciplines , a record number of events for the Winter Games . Four events made their Olympic debut in 2018 : big air snowboarding , mass start speed skating , mixed doubles curling , and mixed team alpine skiing . A total of 2,914 athletes from 92 NOCs competed , including the national debuts of Ecuador , Eritrea , Kosovo , Malaysia , Nigeria and Singapore . After a state-sponsored doping program was exposed following the 2014 Winter Olympics , the Russian Olympic Committee was suspended , but selected athletes were allowed to compete neutrally under the special IOC designation of Olympic Athletes from Russia ( OAR ) . North Korea agreed to participate in the Games despite tense relations with South Korea ; the two nations paraded together at the opening ceremony as a unified Korea , and fielded a unified team ( COR ) in the women 's ice hockey . Norway led the total medal tally with 39 , followed by Germany 's 31 and Canada 's 29 ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anna Veith", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anna_Veith", "summary": "Anna Veith ( née Fenninger ; born 18 June 1989 ) is an Austrian World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist . She was the overall World Cup champion for the 2014 and 2015 seasons . Born in Hallein , Veith is from the village of Adnet in Salzburg and made her World Cup debut at age 17 in November 2006 . She competed in all five alpine disciplines , but omitted slalom as of January 2012 . Her first major success was becoming world champion in the super combined in 2011 , without having won a World Cup race before . At the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi , Russia , Veith won the super-G at Rosa Khutor for her first Olympic medal , and at the end of the season she won the World Cup overall and giant slalom titles ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing", "summary": "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ." } ] }, { "value": "37", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2016", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2016_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2016 Summer Olympics ( Portuguese : Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 2016 ) , [ a ] officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad ( Portuguese : Jogos da XXXI Olimpíada ) and commonly known as Rio 2016 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 5 to 21 August 2016 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil , with preliminary events in some sports beginning on 3 August . These were the first Olympic Games ever to be held in South America and the fourth to be held in a developing country , after the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico , the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union , and the 2008 Summer Olympics in China . More than 11,000 athletes from 205 National Olympic Committees took part , including first time entrants Kosovo , South Sudan , and the Refugee Olympic Team . With 306 sets of medals , the games featured 28 Olympic sports , including rugby sevens and golf , which were added to the Olympic program in 2009 . These sporting events took place at 33 venues in the host city and at five separate venues in the Brazilian cities of São Paulo , Belo Horizonte , Salvador , Brasília , and Manaus . These were the first Summer Olympic Games to take place under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . The host city Rio de Janeiro was announced at the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen , Denmark , on 2 October 2009 . Rio became the first South American city ever to host the Olympic Games . These were the first games to be held in a Portuguese-speaking country , the first summer edition to be held entirely in the host country 's winter season , the first since 1968 to be held in Latin America , and the first since 2000 to be held in the Southern Hemisphere . The United States topped the medal table , winning the most gold and overall medals , 46 and 121 , as well as its 1,000th Summer Olympic gold medal overall . Great Britain finished second and became only the second country in modern Olympic history to increase its tally of medals in the Olympiad immediately after it had been host nation . China finished third ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Liu Jia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Liu_Jia", "summary": "Liu Jia ( Chinese : 刘佳 ; born 16 February 1982 in Beijing , China ) is a female Chinese-born table tennis player who now represents Austria ." } ] }, { "value": "Table tennis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Table_tennis", "summary": "Table tennis , also known as ping-pong , is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth across a table using small rackets . The game takes place on a hard table divided by a net . Except for the initial serve , the rules are generally as follows : players must allow a ball played toward them to bounce one time on their side of the table , and must return it so that it bounces on the opposite side at least once . A point is scored when a player fails to return the ball within the rules . Play is fast and demands quick reactions . Spinning the ball alters its trajectory and limits an opponent 's options , giving the hitter a great advantage . Table tennis is governed by the worldwide organization International Table Tennis Federation ( ITTF ) , founded in 1926 . ITTF currently includes 226 member associations . The table tennis official rules are specified in the ITTF handbook . Table tennis has been an Olympic sport since 1988 , with several event categories . From 1988 until 2004 , these were men 's singles , women 's singles , men 's doubles and women 's doubles . Since 2008 , a team event has been played instead of the doubles ." } ] }, { "value": "36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2014 Winter Olympics , officially called the XXII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Russian : XXII Олимпийские зимние игры , tr . XXII Olimpiyskiye zimniye igry ) and commonly known as Sochi 2014 , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 7 to 23 February 2014 in Sochi , Krasnodar Krai , Russia , with opening rounds in certain events held on the eve of the opening ceremony , 6 February 2014 . Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee ( SOOC ) . Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007 , during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City . It was the first Olympics to be held in a CIS state since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 . The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow . These were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) presidency of Thomas Bach . A record 98 events in fifteen winter sport disciplines were held during the Games . A number of new competitions - a total of twelve accounting for gender - were held during the Games , including biathlon mixed relay , women 's ski jumping , mixed-team figure skating , mixed-team luge , half-pipe skiing , ski and snowboard slopestyle , and snowboard parallel slalom . The events were held around two clusters of new venues : an Olympic Park constructed in Sochi 's Imeretinsky Valley on the coast of the Black Sea , with Fisht Olympic Stadium , and the Games ' indoor venues located within walking distance , and snow events in the resort settlement of Krasnaya Polyana . The 2014 Winter Olympics were the most expensive Games in the history of the Olympics . While originally budgeted at US $ 12 billion , major cost overruns , caused this figure to expand to US $ 51 billion , more than three times the cost of the 2012 London Olympics and even surpassing the estimated $ 44 billion cost of the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mario Stecher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_Stecher", "summary": "Mario Stecher ( born 17 July 1977 , in Eisenerz ) is an Austrian former Nordic combined skier . Competing in six Winter Olympics , he won three medals in the 4 x 5 km team event with two golds ( 2006 , 2010 ) and a bronze ( 2002 ) . Stecher 's best individual finish was fifth in the 10 km individual normal hill event at Vancouver in 2010 . He won six medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with two gold , three silvers ( 7.5 km sprint : 1999 , 4 x 5 km team : 2001 ) and a bronze ( 4 x 5 km team : 1997 ) . Stecher has a total of nine World Cup victories since 1994 , including the Nordic combined event at the Holmenkollen ski festival that same year . Being 16 years old , he was the youngest winner on the Holmenkollen . - On February 27th , 2015 , he announced his retirement , after he was n't nominated by the Austrian Ski Federation to compete in the FIS Nordic Skiing World Championships 2015 in Falun . He is married to Carina Raich since 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "Nordic combined", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nordic_combined", "summary": "Nordic combined is a winter sport in which athletes compete in cross-country skiing and ski jumping . Nordic combined at the Winter Olympics and the FIS Nordic Combined World Cup are ongoing ." } ] }, { "value": "35", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Markus Rogan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Markus_Rogan", "summary": "Markus Antonius Rogan ( born 4 May 1982 in Vienna ) is a retired Austrian swimmer , who won two silver medals at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , Greece and a gold medal for 200 m backstroke at the 2008 World Short Course Championships in Manchester . He also was the world record holder in 200 metres backstroke ( short course ) in that year . Rogan 's first big international success was a second-place finish in the 200 m backstroke at the 2001 World Championships in Fukuoka , Japan . In the Olympics in 2004 , Rogan placed second in both men 's 100 m backstroke and the men 's 200 m backstroke , both times behind Aaron Peirsol of the United States . The 200 metre race was controversial as Peirsol was first disqualified but later reinstated as gold medalist . As a teenager , the 6 ft 5 in tall Rogan swam for Mount Vernon High School ( Alexandria , Virginia ) in Fairfax County , Virginia , where he trained with the Curl-Burke Swim Club . In July 2000 , he cut short his final season of the Northern Virginia Swim League , swimming for the Mansion House Piranhas ( of Mount Vernon ) , and flew to Australia where he competed in the 2000 Sydney Olympics , failing to advance beyond the heats in the backstroke . He earned a scholarship to attend Stanford University from 2000-2004 . On 8 December 2005 , in Trieste , Markus set a new world record in the 200 m backstroke for short course swim pools , with 1:50.43 . This world record was then broken by American swimmer Ryan Lochte , who lowered the standard to 1:49.05 at the 2006 World Short Course Championships in Shanghai , China . Back on the short course in Manchester 2008 , Rogan broke the world record again on 13 April 2008 , setting the new record with 1:47.84 , with Lochte finishing second by seven one-hundredths of a second ( also under the old world record ) . Both swimmers were wearing the new Speedo LZR Racer swimsuit ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_(sport)", "summary": "Swimming is an individual or team racing sport that requires the use of one 's entire body to move through water . The sport takes place in pools or open water ( e.g. , in a sea or lake ) . Competitive swimming is one of the most popular Olympic sports , with varied distance events in butterfly , backstroke , breaststroke , freestyle , and individual medley . In addition to these individual events , four swimmers can take part in either a freestyle or medley relay . A medley relay consists of four swimmers who will each swim a different stroke , ordered as backstroke , breaststroke , butterfly and freestyle . Swimming each stroke requires a set of specific techniques ; in competition , there are distinct regulations concerning the acceptable form for each individual stroke . There are also regulations on what types of swimsuits , caps , jewelry and injury tape that are allowed at competitions . Although it is possible for competitive swimmers to incur several injuries from the sport , such as tendinitis in the shoulders or knees , there are also multiple health benefits associated with the sport ." } ] }, { "value": "34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2010 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) and commonly known as Vancouver 2010 , informally the 21st Winter Olympics , was an international winter multi-sport event that was held from 12 to 28 February 2010 in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with some events held in the surrounding suburbs of Richmond , West Vancouver and the University Endowment Lands , and in the nearby resort town of Whistler . Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines . Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee ( VANOC ) , headed by John Furlong . The 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia . Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , Quebec , and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , Alberta . Metro Vancouver is the largest metropolitan area to host the Winter Olympics , although Calgary is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics . They will both be surpassed by Beijing in 2022 . Following Olympic tradition , the incumbent mayor of Vancouver Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the closing ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy . The flag was raised on February 28 , 2006 , in a special ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony . The event was officially opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean , who was accompanied by the Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper and International Olympic Committee president Jacques Rogge . For the first time , Canada won gold in an official sport at an Olympic Games hosted at home , having failed to do so at both the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal and the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary ( although Canada won the woman 's curling event in Calgary when it was still only a demonstration sport ) . Canada clinched their first gold medal on the second day of the competition and first topped the gold medal tally on the second to last day of competition and went on to become the first host nation since Norway in 1952 to lead the gold medal count ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andreas Linger and Wolfgang Linger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andreas_Linger", "summary": "Andreas Linger ( born 31 May 1981 in Hall in Tirol ) is an Austrian retired luger who has competed internationally since 2000 . He and his younger brother Wolfgang began luging at a very young age , and did their first doubles run when they were 14 . Linger has won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( Men 's doubles : 2003 , 2011 and 2012 ) and two bronzes ( Mixed team : 2003 and men 's doubles : 2013 ) . He also earned seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's doubles : 2010 ) , three silvers ( Men 's doubles : 2008 , Mixed team : 2008 , 2010 ) , and three bronzes ( Men 's doubles : 2004 and 2014 , Mixed team : 2004 ) . The Lingers were overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles champions in 2011-12 and scored 15 World Cup race victories . They were two time Olympic champions in the men 's doubles event at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy and the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada . They won in 2006 despite Wolfgang having broken his leg in a luge crash the previous year . In 2010 , they successfully defended their gold medal against another team of brothers , Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Linger", "summary": "Wolfgang Linger ( born 4 November 1982 in Hall in Tirol ) is an Austrian retired luger who has competed internationally since 2000 . As young children , he and his older brother Andreas learned to luge on a former Olympic luge track , and at age 14 began competing as a doubles team for the first time . Linger has won five medals at the FIL World Luge Championships with three golds ( Men 's doubles : 2003 , 2011 and 2012 ) and two bronzes ( Mixed team : 2003 and men 's doubles : 2013 ) . He also earned seven medals at the FIL European Luge Championships with a gold ( Men 's doubles : 2010 ) , three silvers ( Men 's doubles : 2008 , Mixed team : 2008 , 2010 ) , and three bronzes ( Men 's doubles : 2004 and 2014 , Mixed team : 2004 ) . The Lingers were overall Luge World Cup men 's doubles champions in 2011-12 and scored 15 World Cup race victories . In 2005 , he broke his leg in a crash , but the next year at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , Italy won the gold medal in doubles luge . He repeated this feat at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver , Canada , defeating another team of brothers , Andris and Juris Šics of Latvia ." } ] }, { "value": "Luge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luge", "summary": "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ." } ] }, { "value": "33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hans-Peter Steinacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hans-Peter_Steinacher", "summary": "Hans-Peter Steinacher ( born 9 September 1968 in Zell am See ) is an Austrian sailor and Olympic champion . He won a gold medal in the Tornado Class with Roman Hagara at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney . They won the gold medal again at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . This , to date , makes them Austria 's the most successful summer sport athletes as the first professional Austrian sailing team . Along with his teammate Roman Hagara , he has won the Austrian Sports Personality of the Year twice , in 2000 and 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] }, { "value": "32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2006_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2006 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games ( Italian : XX Giochi olimpici invernali ) and commonly known as Turin 2006 or Torino 2006 , was a winter multi-sport event which was held in Turin , Piedmont , Italy from February 10 to 26 , 2006 . This marked the second time that Italy had hosted the Winter Olympic Games , the first being the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo . Italy also hosted the Summer Olympics in 1960 in Rome . Turin was selected as the host city for the 2006 Games in June 1999 . The official motto of the XX Olympic Winter Games was Passion lives here . The official logo depicts a stylized profile of the Mole Antonelliana building , drawn in white and blue ice crystals , signifying the snow and the sky . The crystal web was also meant to portray the web of new technologies and the Olympic spirit of community . The Olympic mascots of the Games were Neve ( snow in Italian ) , a female snowball , and Gliz , a male ice cube . Italy will host the 2026 Winter Olympics in Milan and Cortina d'Ampezzo 20 years after these games ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Renate Götschl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renate_Götschl", "summary": "Renate Götschl ( born 6 August 1975 in Judenburg , Austria ) is a former champion alpine ski racer . She is a two-time individual World Champion in the combined ( 1997 ) and downhill ( 1999 ) , and has won a total of 9 World Championships medals . She also won two Olympic medals in 2002 , the bronze medal in downhill and the silver medal in the combined ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing", "summary": "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ." } ] }, { "value": "31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2004 Summer Olympics ( Greek : Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004 , Therinoí Olympiakoí Agónes 2004 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad and commonly known as Athens 2004 , was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens , Greece , from 13 to 29 August 2004 with the motto Welcome Home . The Games saw 10,625 athletes compete , some 600 more than expected , accompanied by 5,501 team officials from 201 countries . There were 301 medal events in 28 different sports . Athens 2004 marked the first time since the 1996 Summer Olympics that all countries with a National Olympic Committee were in attendance . 2004 also marked the return of the Olympic Games to the city where they began . Having previously hosted the Olympics in 1896 , Athens became one of only four cities to have hosted the Summer Olympic Games on two separate occasions at the time ( together with Paris , London , and Los Angeles ) . A new medal obverse was introduced at these Games , replacing the design by Giuseppe Cassioli that had been used since the 1928 Games . This rectified the long lasting mistake of using a depiction of the Roman Colosseum rather than a Greek venue . The new design features the Panathenaic Stadium . The 2004 Summer Games were hailed as unforgettable , dream games by IOC President Jacques Rogge , and left Athens with a significantly improved infrastructure , including a new airport , ring road , and subway system . There have been arguments ( mostly in popular media ) regarding the cost of the 2004 Athens Summer Games and their possible contribution to the 2010-2018 Greek government-debt crisis , however , there is little or no evidence for such a correlation . The 2004 Olympics were generally deemed to be a success , with the rising standard of competition amongst nations across the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Roman Hagara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roman_Hagara", "summary": "Roman Hagara ( born 30 April 1966 ) is an Austrian sailor who has won the Gold medal in the Tornado class at two consecutive Olympic Games . Hagara , and his colleague Hans-Peter Steinacher won the Gold medal in the Tornado class at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , and successfully defended their title at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , which , to date , makes them Austria 's the most successful summer sport athletes as the first professional Austrian sailing team . Hagara was the Flagbearer for the Austrian team at the 2004 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony . Along with his teammate Steinacher , he has won the Austrian Sports Personality of the Year twice , in 2000 and 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] }, { "value": "30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 2002 Winter Olympics , officially the XIX Olympic Winter Games and commonly known as Salt Lake 2002 , was a winter multi-sport event that was celebrated from 8 to 24 February 2002 in and around Salt Lake City , Utah , United States . 2,399 athletes from 78 nations participated in 78 events in fifteen disciplines , held throughout 165 sporting sessions . The 2002 Winter Olympics and the 2002 Paralympic Games were both organized by the Salt Lake Organizing Committee ( SLOC ) , the first time in Olympic and Paralympic history that both events were organized by a single committee . Utah became the fifth state in the United States to host the Olympic Games , after Missouri , New York , California , and Georgia . These were the first Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Jacques Rogge . The opening ceremony was held on February 8 , 2002 , and sporting competitions were held up until the closing ceremony on February 24 , 2002 . Production for both ceremonies was designed by Seven Nielsen , and music for both ceremonies was directed by Mark Watters . Salt Lake City became the most populous area ever to have hosted the Winter Olympics , although the two subsequent host cities ' populations were larger . Following a trend , the 2002 Olympic Winter Games were also larger than all prior Winter Games , with 10 more events than the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano , Japan . Norway won the most gold medals while Germany won the most number of medals . The Salt Lake Games faced a bribery scandal and some local opposition during the bid . Nevertheless , from sporting and business standpoints , this was one of the most successful Winter Olympiads in history ; records were set in both the broadcasting and marketing programs ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Angelika Neuner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Angelika_Neuner", "summary": "Angelika Neuner ( born December 23 , 1969 ) is an Austrian luger who competed from 1987 to 2002 . Competing in four Winter Olympics , she won two medals in the women 's singles event with a silver in 1992 and a bronze in 1998 . Her younger sister , Doris , won the gold medal in the same event at Albertville in 1992 . Neuner also won six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships , including two gold ( Mixed team : 1996 , 1997 ) , one silver ( Mixed team : 1993 ) , and three bronzes ( Women 's singles : 1997 , Mixed team : 1995 , 2000 ) . She won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships , earning them in 1992 ( silver : Mixed team ) , 1996 ( silver : Mixed team , bronze : Women 's singles ) , 1998 ( bronze : Mixed team ) and 2002 ( bronze : Mixed team ) . Neuner 's best finish in the overall Luge World Cup was second in 1996-7 . She carried the Austrian flag during the opening ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City ." } ] }, { "value": "Luge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luge", "summary": "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wolfram Waibel Jr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfram_Waibel_Jr.", "summary": "Wolfram Waibel Jr. ( born 22 February 1970 ) is an Austrian sport shooter . He was born in Hohenems , Austria . He competed for Austria and won both a silver medal and a bronze medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics . He shares the world record in the 50 meter rifle prone competition ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_sport", "summary": "Shooting sports is a collective group of competitive and recreational sporting activities involving proficiency tests of accuracy , precision and speed in shooting - the art of using various types of ranged weapons , mainly referring to human-portable guns ( firearms and airguns , in forms such as handguns , rifles and shotguns ) and bows/crossbows . Different disciplines of shooting sports can be categorized by equipment , shooting distances , targets , time limits and degrees of athleticism involved . Shooting sports may involve both team and individual competition , and team performance is usually assessed by summing the scores of the individual team members . Due to the noise of shooting and the high ( and often lethal ) impact energy of the projectiles , shooting sports are typically conducted at either designated permanent shooting ranges or temporary shooting fields in the area away from settlements ." } ] }, { "value": "28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1998 Winter Olympics , officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会 , Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai ) , and commonly known as Nagano 1998 , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 that were centered in Nagano , Japan . The Games also took place in the nearby mountain communities of Hakuba , Karuizawa , Nozawa Onsen , and Yamanouuchi . The city of Nagano had previously been a candidate to host the 1940 Winter Olympics ( which were later cancelled ) , as well as the 1972 Winter Olympics , but each time Nagano was eliminated at the national level by Sapporo . The games hosted 2,176 athletes from 72 nations competing in 7 sports and 68 events . The number of athletes and participating nations were a record at the time . The Games saw the introduction of women 's ice hockey , curling and snowboarding . National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men 's ice hockey for the first time . Five countries , Azerbaijan , Kenya , Macedonia , Uruguay , and Venezuela made their debut at the Winter Olympics . The athlete who won the most medals at these games was the Russian cross-country skier Larisa Lazutina who won five medals , including three gold . The Norwegian cross-country skier Bjørn Dæhlie won four medals , including three gold , which took his total Olympic medal total to 12 , including eight gold , which is a record for Winter Olympics . In ice hockey , professionals from the North American National Hockey League participated for the first time . Despite their participation , the Czech men 's ice hockey team won the gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Emese Nemeth-Hunyady", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emese_Nemeth-Hunyady", "summary": "Emese Hunyady ( born 4 March 1966 ) is a former speed skater . At age 10 , Hunyady participated at the 1977 Hungarian Sprint Championships for Juniors , finishing sixth . Representing Hungary , she had her first international competition in 1979 and in the following years , although still a junior , she entered several senior tournaments . In 1985 , after marrying her Austrian coach Thomas Nemeth , she obtained Austrian citizenship and started competing for Austria . The marriage was dissolved some years later , but she retained her Austrian citizenship . During her 25-year-long career , she was a steady performer , almost always finishing in the top 10 of the events she participated in . Her best year was 1994 , when she won bronze at the European Allround Championships , became World Allround Champion , won the 1500 m World Cup , and became Olympic Champion on the 1500 m , while winning Olympic silver on the 3000 m. After that , her successes became fewer , but in 1999 , she surprisingly won the World Single Distance Championships on her favourite distance , the 1500 m. Hunyady participated in six Winter Olympics from 1984 to 2002 and won many Hungarian and Austrian National Allround , Sprint , and Single Distance Championships . She started her sporting career in figure skating , something she used to show when celebrating her victories as a speed skater . Hunyady is married to Timo Järvinen , a former speed skater from Finland . They have a son , Jasper ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating", "summary": "Speed skating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in travelling a certain distance on skates . Types of speed skating are long track speed skating , short track speed skating , and marathon speed skating . In the Olympic Games , long-track speed skating is usually referred to as just speed skating , while short-track speed skating is known as short track . The ISU , the governing body of both ice sports , refers to long track as speed skating and short track as short track skating . An international federation was founded in 1892 , the first for any winter sport . The sport enjoys large popularity in the Netherlands , Norway and South Korea . There are top international rinks in a number of other countries , including Canada , the United States , Germany , Italy , Japan , Russia , Kazakhstan , China , Belarus and Poland . A World Cup circuit is held with events in those countries plus two events in the Thialf ice hall in Heerenveen , Netherlands ." } ] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hubert Raudaschl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl", "summary": "Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] }, { "value": "26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1994 Winter Olympics ( Norwegian : Olympiske vinterleker 1994 ) , officially known as the XVII Olympic Winter Games , was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 12 to 27 February 1994 in and around Lillehammer , Norway . Lillehammer failed to win the bid for the 1992 event , losing to Albertville . Lillehammer was awarded the 1994 Winter Olympics in 1988 , after beating Anchorage , United States ; Östersund , Sweden ; and Sofia , Bulgaria . Lillehammer is the northernmost city to ever host the Winter Games and the Olympic Games overall . The Games were the first to be held in a different year from the Summer Olympics , the first and only one to be held two years after the previous winter games . The Games were the second Winter Olympics hosted in Norway , after the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo , and the fourth Olympics in the Nordic countries , after the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden , and the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki , Finland . Although many events took place in Lillehammer , skating took place in Hamar , some ice hockey matches were placed in Gjøvik , while Alpine skiing was held in Øyer and Ringebu . Sixty-seven countries and 1,737 athletes participated in six sports and sixty-one events . Fourteen countries made their debut in the Winter Olympics , of which nine were former Soviet republics . The Games also saw the introduction of stricter qualifying rules , reducing the number of under-performing participants from warm-weather countries . New events were two new distances in short track speed skating and aerials , while speed skating was moved indoors . Nearly two million people spectated the games , which were the first to have the Olympic truce in effect ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anita Wachter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anita_Wachter", "summary": "Anita Wachter ( born 12 February 1967 ) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer and Olympic gold medalist from Austria . She focused on the technical events and specialized in giant slalom . Born in Bartholomäberg , Montafon , Vorarlberg , Wachter won the World Cup overall title in 1993 , and the giant slalom title twice ( 1990 & 1994 ) . She was the gold medalist in the combined at the 1988 Winter Olympics , and won two silver medals in 1992 ( combined and giant slalom ) . Wachter also won five medals at the World Championships ; she represented Austria in three Olympics and eight World Championships . Wachter retired from competition after the 2001 season with 19 World Cup wins ( 14 Giant Slalom , 2 Super G , 1 Slalom , 2 Combined ) , attained 76 podiums , and had 175 top ten finishes . She is living together with her longtime companion Rainer Salzgeber ; they have two daughters ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing", "summary": "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ." } ] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sissy Max-Theurer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elisabeth_Theurer", "summary": "Elisabeth Sissy Theurer ( born 20 September 1956 ) is an equestrian from Austria , now known as Elisabeth Max-Theurer after marriage ." } ] }, { "value": "Equestrianism", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Equestrianism", "summary": "Equestrianism ( from Latin equester , equestr- , equus , 'horseman ' , 'horse ' ) , more often known as horse riding ( British English ) or horseback riding ( American English ) , includes the disciplines of riding , driving , or vaulting with horses . This broad description includes the use of horses for practical working purposes , transportation , recreational activities , artistic or cultural exercises , and competitive sport ." } ] }, { "value": "24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XVI Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , were a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 8 to 23 February 1992 in Albertville , France . They were the last Winter Olympics to be held the same year as the Summer Olympics , and the first where the Winter Paralympics were held at the same site . Albertville was selected as host in 1986 , beating Sofia , Falun , Lillehammer , Cortina d'Ampezzo , Anchorage and Berchtesgaden . The games were the third Winter Olympics held in France , after Chamonix in 1924 and Grenoble in 1968 , and the fifth Olympics overall in the country . Only some of the skating and the opening and closing ceremonies took place in Albertville , while the rest of the events took place in the villages of Courchevel , La Plagne , Les Arcs , Les Menuires , Les Saisies , Méribel , Pralognan-la-Vanoise , Tignes and Val d'Isère . Sixty-four nations with 1,801 athletes participated in the games , including the Unified Team which represented non-Baltic former Soviet republics . Germany participated as a unified team following reunification in 1990 , while five newly independent European countries debuted , as did six warm-weather countries . Short track speed skating , moguls and women 's biathlon made their debut as an Olympic sport . The games were the last Winter Games until 2014 to have demonstration sports , consisting of curling , aerials , ski ballet and speed skiing . It was the last Olympics to have an outdoor speed skating rink . The games were succeeded by the 1992 Winter Paralympics from 25 March to 1 April . Norwegians won every male cross-country skiing race , with Bjørn Dæhlie and Vegard Ulvang both collecting three gold ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Angelika Neuner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Angelika_Neuner", "summary": "Angelika Neuner ( born December 23 , 1969 ) is an Austrian luger who competed from 1987 to 2002 . Competing in four Winter Olympics , she won two medals in the women 's singles event with a silver in 1992 and a bronze in 1998 . Her younger sister , Doris , won the gold medal in the same event at Albertville in 1992 . Neuner also won six medals at the FIL World Luge Championships , including two gold ( Mixed team : 1996 , 1997 ) , one silver ( Mixed team : 1993 ) , and three bronzes ( Women 's singles : 1997 , Mixed team : 1995 , 2000 ) . She won five medals at the FIL European Luge Championships , earning them in 1992 ( silver : Mixed team ) , 1996 ( silver : Mixed team , bronze : Women 's singles ) , 1998 ( bronze : Mixed team ) and 2002 ( bronze : Mixed team ) . Neuner 's best finish in the overall Luge World Cup was second in 1996-7 . She carried the Austrian flag during the opening ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City ." } ] }, { "value": "Luge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luge", "summary": "A luge /luːʒ/ is a small one- or two-person sled on which one sleds supine ( face up ) and feet-first . A luger steers by using their calf muscles to flex the sled 's runners or by exerting opposite shoulder pressure to the seat . Racing sleds weigh 21-25 kg ( 46-55 lb ) for singles and 25-30 kg ( 55-66 lb ) for doubles . Luge is also the name of an Olympic sport . Lugers can reach speeds of 140 km/h ( 87 mph ) . Austrian Manuel Pfister reached a top speed of 154 km/h ( 96 mph ) on a track in Whistler , Canada , prior to the 2010 Winter Olympics . Lugers compete against a timer in one of the most precisely timed sports in the world - to one one-thousandth of a second on artificial tracks . The first recorded use of the term luge dates to 1905 and derives from the Savoy/Swiss dialect of the French word luge , meaning small coasting sled ." } ] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1988_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1988 Summer Olympics ( Korean : 서울 하계 올림픽 ; RR : Seoul Hagye Ollimpik [ sʌ.ul ɦaɡje olːimpʰik ] ) , officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event celebrated from 17 September to 2 October 1988 in Seoul , South Korea . In the Seoul Games , 159 nations were represented by a total of 8,391 athletes : 6,197 men and 2,194 women . 237 events were held and 27,221 volunteers helped to prepare the Olympics . 11,331 media ( 4,978 written press and 6,353 broadcasters ) showed the Games all over the world . These were the last Olympic Games for the Soviet Union and East Germany , as both ceased to exist before the next Olympic Games . The Soviets utterly dominated the medal table , winning 55 gold and 132 total medals . No country came close to this result after 1988 . The games were boycotted by North Korea and its ally , Cuba . Ethiopia , Albania and the Seychelles did not respond to the invitations sent by the IOC . Nicaragua did not participate due to athletic and financial considerations . The participation of Madagascar had been expected , and their team was expected at the opening ceremony of 160 nations . However , the country withdrew because of financial reasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hubert Raudaschl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl", "summary": "Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1988_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1988 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XV Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) , was a multi-sport event celebrated in and around Calgary , Alberta , Canada , between February 13 and 28 , 1988 and were the first Winter Olympics to be held over a whole two week period . The host city was selected in 1981 over Falun , Sweden , and Cortina d'Ampezzo , Italy . Most events took place in Calgary while several skiing events were held in the mountain resorts of Nakiska and Canmore , west of the city . A then-record 57 nations competed and 1,423 athletes participated . As it had in Montreal in 1976 , Canada again failed to win a gold medal in an official medal event as the host nation . Finnish ski jumper Matti Nykänen and Dutch speed skater Yvonne van Gennip were individual medal leaders with each winning three gold medals . The games are also remembered for the heroic failure of British ski jumper Eddie The Eagle Edwards , and the Winter Olympic début of the Jamaica national bobsled team , both of which would be subjects of major feature films about their participation in the games . The Calgary games were at the time one of the most expensive Olympics ever held , but the organizing committee turned record television and sponsorship revenue into a net surplus that was used to maintain the facilities built for the Olympics and develop the Calgary region into the heart of Canada 's elite winter sports program . The five purpose-built venues continue to be used in their original functions , and have helped the country develop into one of the top nations in Winter Olympic competition ; Canada more than quintupled the five medals it won in Calgary at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leonhard Stock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leonhard_Stock", "summary": "Leonhard Stock ( born 14 March 1958 ) is a former World Cup alpine ski racer from Austria . Stock earned his first World Cup points at age 18 in January 1977 . At the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , Stock was originally an alternate for the downhill , but his fast training times on the course at Whiteface Mountain earned him a spot on the four-man Austrian team . On race day , he was the ninth racer on the course and posted the fastest time to win the gold medal . Stock could not repeat his surprise win at the Lake Placid Olympics on the World Cup tour until almost a decade later , winning downhill races in 1989 , 1990 , and 1992 . At the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary , he just missed a second Olympic medal , finishing fourth in the downhill and eighth in the Super-G at Nakiska . In 1997 he took over his parental ( farm ) house in Finkenberg and converted it into a hotel . With his brother Hans he also runs a sports and fashion store in that town ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing", "summary": "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ." } ] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1984_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1984 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event that was held from July 28 to August 12 , 1984 , in Los Angeles , California , United States ( and other venues around the United States ) . This was the second time that Los Angeles had hosted the Games , the first being in 1932 . California was the home state of then-U.S. President Ronald Reagan , who officially opened the Games . The logo for the 1984 Games , branded Stars in Motion , featured red , white and blue stars arranged horizontally and struck through with alternating streaks . The official mascot of the Games was Sam the Olympic Eagle . These were the first Summer Olympic Games under the IOC presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch . The 1984 Games were boycotted by a total of fourteen Eastern Bloc countries , including the Soviet Union and East Germany , in response to the American-led boycott of the previous 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow in protest of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan ; Romania was the only Eastern Bloc nation that opted to attend the Games . Iran and Libya also chose to boycott the Games for unrelated reasons . Despite the field being depleted in certain sports due to the boycott , 140 National Olympic Committees took part , which was a record at the time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , followed by Romania and West Germany . The 1984 Summer Olympics are widely considered to be the most financially successful modern Olympics and served as an example of how to run the model Olympic Games . As a result of low construction costs , coupled with a reliance on private corporate funding , the 1984 Olympic Games generated a profit of more than $ 250 million ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hubert Raudaschl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hubert_Raudaschl", "summary": "Hubert Raudaschl ( born 26 August 1942 in Sankt Gilgen am Wolfgangsee ) is an Austrian sailboat manufacturer and former Olympic athlete . He has participated in nine Olympic games between 1964 and 1996 . Raudaschl has competed in the second most number of Olympic Games , behind Canadian Ian Millar and tied with Soviet/Latvian Afanasijs Kuzmins . Raudaschl has won two olympic silver medals , one in Mexico City in 1968 in Finn sailing , the other one in Moscow in 1980 in Star sailing . He is a two time World Champion ( in 1964 in Finn sailing , and in 1978 in Microcupper sailing ) and is a five time European Champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1984_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1984 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XIV Olympic Winter Games ( French : XIVes Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; Serbo-Croatian : XIV . zimske olimpijske igre / XIV Зимске олимпијске игре ; Macedonian : XIV Зимски олимписки игри ; Slovene : XIV olimpijske zimske igre ) , was a winter multi-sport event which took place from 8-19 February 1984 in Sarajevo , Yugoslavia , in what is now Bosnia and Herzegovina . Other candidate cities were Sapporo , Japan ; and Gothenburg , Sweden . It was the first Winter Olympic Games held in a socialist state and in a Slavic language-speaking country . It was also the second Olympics overall , as well as the second consecutive Olympics , to be held in a socialist and in a Slavic language-speaking country after the 1980 Summer Olympics were held in Moscow , Soviet Union . Furthermore , it was the first Olympics held in the Balkans after the first modern Games in Athens . The Sarajevo games have also been the only Olympics so far to be hosted by a Non-Aligned Movement member ." } ] }, { "value": "Winter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Franz Klammer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Franz_Klammer", "summary": "Franz Klammer ( born 3 December 1953 ) is a former champion alpine ski racer from Austria . Klammer overwhelmingly dominated the downhill event for four consecutive World Cup seasons ( 1975-78 ) . He was the gold medalist at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , winning the downhill at Patscherkofel by a margin of 0.33 seconds with a time of 1:45.73 . He won 25 World Cup downhills , including four on the Hahnenkamm at Kitzbühel . He holds the record for the most victories ( four ) on the full course at Kitzbühel ." } ] }, { "value": "Alpine skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alpine_skiing", "summary": "Alpine skiing , or downhill skiing , is the pastime of sliding down snow-covered slopes on skis with fixed-heel bindings , unlike other types of skiing ( cross-country , Telemark , or ski jumping ) , which use skis with free-heel bindings . Whether for recreation or for sport , it is typically practised at ski resorts , which provide such services as ski lifts , artificial snow making , snow grooming , restaurants , and ski patrol . Off-piste skiers - those skiing outside ski area boundaries - may employ snowmobiles , helicopters or snowcats to deliver them to the top of a slope . Back-country skiers may use specialized equipment with a free-heel mode , including 'sticky ' skins on the bottoms of the skis to stop them sliding backwards during an ascent , then locking the heel and removing the skins for their descent . Alpine skiing has been an event at the Winter Olympic Games since 1936 ." } ] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1980_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad ( Russian : И́гры XXII Олимпиа́ды , tr . Igry XXII Olimpiady ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow , Soviet Union , in present-day Russia . The 1980 Games were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Eastern Europe , and remain the only Summer Olympics held there , as well as the first Olympic Games to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country . They were also the only Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until 2008 in China . These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris , 3rd Baron Killanin . Eighty nations were represented at the Moscow Games - the smallest number since 1956 . Led by the United States , 66 countries boycotted the games entirely because of the Soviet-Afghan War . Some athletes from some of the boycotting countries ( they are not included in the list of 66 countries that boycotted the games entirely ) participated in the games under the Olympic Flag . The Soviet Union would later boycott the 1984 Summer Olympics . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals , with the USSR and East Germany winning 127 out of 204 available golds ." } ] }, { "value": "Summer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Karl Ferstl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karl_Ferstl", "summary": "Karl Ferstl ( born December 31 , 1945 ) is an Austrian sailor . He won the Olympic Silver Medal in the 1980 in Star class along with Hubert Raudaschl . He was also the flag bearer for Austria in the 1980 Moscow Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing", "summary": "Sailing employs the wind - acting on sails , wingsails or kites - to propel a craft on the surface of the water ( sailing ship , sailboat , windsurfer , or kitesurfer ) , on ice ( iceboat ) or on land ( land yacht ) over a chosen course , which is often part of a larger plan of navigation . A course defined with respect to the true wind direction is called a point of sail . Conventional sailing craft can not derive power from sails on a point of sail that is too close into the wind . On a given point of sail , the sailor adjusts the alignment of each sail with respect to the apparent wind direction ( as perceived on the craft ) to mobilize the power of the wind . The forces transmitted via the sails are resisted by forces from the hull , keel , and rudder of a sailing craft , by forces from skate runners of an iceboat , or by forces from wheels of a land sailing craft to allow steering the course . In the 21st century , most sailing represents a form of recreation or sport . Recreational sailing or yachting can be divided into racing and cruising . Cruising can include extended offshore and ocean-crossing trips , coastal sailing within sight of land , and daysailing . Until the mid of the 19th century , sailing ships were the primary means for marine commerce , this period is known as Age of Sail ." } ] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "Austria at theOlympicsIOC codeAUTNOCAustrian Olympic CommitteeWebsitewww.oeoc.at ( in German ) Medals Gold 0 Silver 0 Bronze 0 Total 0 Summer appearances18961900190419081912192019241928193219361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921996200020042008201220162020Winter appearances19241928193219361948195219561960196419681972197619801984198819921994199820022006201020142018Other related appearances1906 Intercalated Games Austria at the 1912 Summer Olympics This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Austria at the Olympics . [ 1 ] Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games .", "uid": "List_of_flag_bearers_for_Austria_at_the_Olympics_0", "intro": "This is a list of flag bearers who have represented Austria at the Olympics. Flag bearers carry the national flag of their country at the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population", "title": "List of towns in India by population", "header": [ "Name of Town", "State", "Type", "Population ( 2011 )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Rabkavi Banhatti", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rabkavi_Banhatti", "summary": "Rabkavi Banhatti is a town situated at the bank of River Krishna . It was declared as the taluka by Karnataka State Govt . on 15 March 2017 and it became operational from 01-Jan-2018.It is 18km from its sub division JAMAKHANDI . It has a city municipal council in Bagalkot district in the Indian state of Karnataka . It forms twin town along with Rabakavi Rampur & Hosur . It is the hub of the textile business for the surrounding districts . The people in the town are famous for their KIND HEARTS , CARING and HARD WORKING nature . Rabkavi Banhatti is a place about 19 km to the west of JamkhandiThis town area comprises four places : Rabkavi , Banhatti , Hosur and Rampur . In 1952 the municipalities of Rabkavi and Banhatti were merged into one municipality . The place is very famous for its power loomed and hand loomed sarees , for which there is a very good market . Rabkavi-Banhatti has more than 22000 power looms which is the highest in Karnataka . The famous temples of the city are Shri Mahadev temple , Danamma Devi Temple ( Rabkavi ) and Shri Shankarling temple and Shri Kadasiddeshwara temple ( Banhatti ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Karnataka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karnataka", "summary": "Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken ." } ] }, { "value": "CMC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "70,248", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Radhanpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Radhanpur", "summary": "Radhanpur is a town and a municipality in Patan district in the Indian state of Gujarat ." } ] }, { "value": "Gujarat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gujarat", "summary": "Gujarat ( /ˌɡʊdʒəˈrɑːt/ , Gujarati : [ ˈɡudʒəɾɑt ] ( listen ) ) is a state on the western coast of India with a coastline of 1,600 km ( 990 mi ) - most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula - and a population in excess of 60 million . It is the fifth largest Indian state by area and the ninth largest state by population . Gujarat is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast , Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south , Maharashtra to the southeast , Madhya Pradesh to the east , and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west . Its capital city is Gandhinagar , while its largest city is Ahmedabad . The Gujarati-speaking people of India are indigenous to the state . The economy of Gujarat is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹13.14 lakh crore ( US $ 180 billion ) in GDP and a per capita GDP of ₹174,000 ( US $ 2,400 ) . Gujarat ranks fifteenth among Indian states in human development index . The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilisation , such as Lothal , Dholavira and Gola Dhoro . Lothal is believed to be one of the world 's first seaports . Gujarat 's coastal cities , chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat , served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires , and during the succession of royal Saka dynasties from the Western Satraps era . Along with Bihar and Nagaland , Gujarat is one of the three Indian states to prohibit the sale of alcohol . Gir Forest National Park in Gujarat is home of the only wild population of the Asiatic lion in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "32,191", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rafiganj", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rafiganj", "summary": "Rafiganj is a town and a notified area in Aurangabad district in the Indian state of Bihar . It is the district 's second-largest town in population after Aurangabad , and also the second-largest town in area . Rafiganj is located 25 km away from the District Administration ." } ] }, { "value": "Bihar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bihar", "summary": "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "N.A", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24,992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raghogarh-Vijaypur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raghogarh-Vijaypur", "summary": "Raghogarh-Vijaypur is a municipality and Raghogarh a town in Guna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh ." } ] }, { "value": "Madhya Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "summary": "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "49,173", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raghunathpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raghunathpur,_Purulia", "summary": "Raghunathpur is a city and a municipality in Purulia district in the state of West Bengal , India . It is the headquarters of the Raghunathpur subdivision . Industrial City Raghunathpur is located near Adra on the North-East part of Purulia district . It is connected with other cities through five main way road 's , which are Purulia - Barakar road , Raghunathpur-Adra-Hura road , Raghunathpur-Chas road , Cheliyama road and Raghunathpur-Bankura road . The nearest main junction station is Adra Junction railway station ." } ] }, { "value": "West Bengal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Bengal", "summary": "West Bengal ( /bɛnˈɡɔːl/ ; Bengali : Paschim Banga ) is a state in the eastern region of India along the Bay of Bengal . With over 91 million inhabitants ( as of 2011 ) , it is India 's fourth-most populous state . West Bengal is the thirteenth-largest Indian state , with an area of 88,752 km2 ( 34,267 sq mi ) . Part of the ethno-linguistic Bengal region of the Indian subcontinent , it borders Bangladesh in the east , and Nepal and Bhutan in the north . It also borders the Indian states of Odisha , Jharkhand , Bihar , Sikkim , and Assam . The state capital is Kolkata ( Calcutta ) the seventh-largest city in India , and center of the third-largest metropolitan area in the country . West Bengal includes the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region , the Ganges delta , the Rarh region , and the coastal Sundarbans . The main ethnic group is the Bengalis , with Bengali Hindus forming the demographic majority . The area 's early history featured a succession of Indian empires , internal squabbling , and a tussle between Hinduism and Buddhism for dominance . Ancient Bengal was the site of several major Janapadas ( kingdoms ) , while the earliest cities date back to the Vedic period . The region was part of several ancient pan−Indian empires , including the Mauryans and Guptas . It was also a bastion of regional kingdoms ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21,932", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rahatgarh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rahatgarh", "summary": "Rahatgarh is a town and a nagar panchayat in Sagar district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh ." } ] }, { "value": "Madhya Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "summary": "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25,215", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rahuri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rahuri", "summary": "Rahuri pronunciation ( help·info ) is a town and a municipal council in Ahmednagar district in the Indian state of Maharashtra ." } ] }, { "value": "Maharashtra", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maharashtra", "summary": "Maharashtra ( /mɑːhəˈrɑːʃtrə/ ; Marathi : [ məharaːʂʈrə ] ( listen ) , abbr . MH ) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau . It is the second-most populous state and third-largest state by area . Spread over 307,713 km2 ( 118,809 sq mi ) , it is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , the Indian states of Karnataka and Goa to the south , Telangana to the southeast and Chhattisgarh to the east , Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh to the north , and the Indian union territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the north west . It is also the world 's third-most populous subnational entity . Maharashtra was formed by merging the western and south-western parts of the Bombay State , Berar and Vidarbha , and the north-western parts of the Hyderabad State and splitting Saurashtra ( in present-day Gujarat ) by the States Reorganisation Act . It has over 112 million inhabitants and its capital , Mumbai , has a population around 18 million making it the most populous urban area in India . Nagpur hosts the winter session of the state legislature . Pune is known as the 'Oxford of the East ' due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions . Nashik is known as the 'Wine Capital of India ' as it has the largest number of wineries and vineyards in the country . The Godavari and the Krishna are the two major rivers in the state . The Narmada and Tapi Rivers flow near the border between Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat ." } ] }, { "value": "M.Cl", "urls": [] }, { "value": "34,476", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raikot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raikot", "summary": "Raikot is a city and municipal council in Ludhiana district in Indian state of Punjab ." } ] }, { "value": "Punjab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Punjab,_India", "summary": "Punjab ( /pʌnˈdʒɑːb/ ( listen ) , Punjabi : [ pənˈdʒaːb ] ) is a state in northern India . Forming part of the larger Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent , the state is bordered by the Indian union territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the north , and the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east , Haryana to the south and southeast , and Rajasthan to the southwest . It is bordered by the Pakistani province of Punjab to the west . The state covers an area of 50,362 square kilometres , 1.53% of India 's total geographical area . It is the 20th-largest Indian state by area . With 27,704,236 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Punjab is the 16th-largest state by population , comprising 22 districts . Punjabi is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . The main ethnic group are the Punjabis , with Sikhs ( 58% ) and Hindus ( 38% ) . The state capital is Chandigarh , a Union Territory and also the capital of the neighbouring state of Haryana . The five tributary rivers of the Indus River from which the region took its name are Sutlej , Ravi , Beas , Chenab and Jhelum Rivers ; Sutlej , Ravi and Beas are part of the Indian Punjab . The history of Punjab has witnessed the migration and settlement of innumerable races , forming a melting pot of Punjabi civilisation . The first traces of human habitation in India were found in the Punjab region ." } ] }, { "value": "M.Cl", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24,769", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rairangpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rairangpur", "summary": "Rairangpur ( Odia pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a city and a Tehsil of Mayurbhanj district in the state of Odisha , India . It is based at about 287 Kilometres from the state capital Bhubaneswar and 82 kilometres from the district headquarters of Baripada and about 73 kilometres from Jamshedpur . The Khadkhai ( Sulaipat ) Dam and the Simlipal Tiger Reserve are the nearby local attraction at the approachable distance , attracting many foreign tourists here.This is a notable mining area of Odisha , comprises iron-ores from Gorumahisani , Badampahar , Sulaipat mines ." } ] }, { "value": "Odisha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Odisha", "summary": "Odisha ( /əˈdɪsə/ , /ɒˈrɪsə , ɔː- , oʊ-/ ; , pronounced [ oɽɪˈsaː ] ( listen ) ; is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India . It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south . Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) along the Bay of Bengal . It is the 8th largest state by area , and the 11th largest by population . The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India . The ancient kingdom of Kalinga , which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War , coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha . The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 , as a province in British India , and consisted of Odia-speaking regions . 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa . The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India 's national anthem , Jana Gana Mana . Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135 , after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers , through the British era until 1948 . Thereafter , Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha . The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹4.16 lakh crore ( US $ 58 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹93,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "47,294", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raisen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raisen", "summary": "Raisen is a town and a municipality in Raisen district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh . It is the administrative headquarters of Raisen District . Raisen takes its name from the massive fort at the top of a hill . The town is located at the foot . The name is probably a corruption of Rajavasini or Rajasayan - the royal residence . The famous places to visit in Raisen district are Raisen fort , Dargah , and Sanchi Stupa . Raisen near 45 km from the state Capital Bhopal ." } ] }, { "value": "Madhya Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "summary": "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "35,702", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raisinghnagar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raisinghnagar", "summary": "Raisinghnagar is a town and a municipality ( Tehsil ) in Sri Ganganagar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan . The town is surrounded by fertile land . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "27,736", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajagangapur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajagangapur", "summary": "Rajgangpur is an industrial town situated in the Sundargarh District of Odisha . It is located 400 km to the north-west of the capital city , Bhubaneswar . It is located 43 km east of Rourkela . It is accessible by both road and rail . Rajgangpur Railway Station is on Mumbai-Rourkela line . Regular buses are available to Bhubaneswar , Cuttack , Rourkela and Angul . RGP Main Road is the main road of the town . The nearest functional airport is Veer Surendra Sai Airport , Jharsuguda which is approximately 95 km from Rajgangpur . Places of tourist interest in the vicinity of Rajgangpur include Mandira Dam , Chhatri Hill , Darjeeng , Vedvyas and Khandahar ." } ] }, { "value": "Odisha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Odisha", "summary": "Odisha ( /əˈdɪsə/ , /ɒˈrɪsə , ɔː- , oʊ-/ ; , pronounced [ oɽɪˈsaː ] ( listen ) ; is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India . It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south . Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) along the Bay of Bengal . It is the 8th largest state by area , and the 11th largest by population . The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India . The ancient kingdom of Kalinga , which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War , coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha . The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 , as a province in British India , and consisted of Odia-speaking regions . 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa . The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India 's national anthem , Jana Gana Mana . Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135 , after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers , through the British era until 1948 . Thereafter , Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha . The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹4.16 lakh crore ( US $ 58 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹93,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "43,594", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajakhera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajakhera", "summary": "Rajakhera is a city and a municipality in Dholpur district in the Indian state of Rajasthan ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "28,349", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajaldesar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajaldesar", "summary": "Rajaldesar is a City and a Municipality in Churu District in the Indian State of Rajasthan . Rajaldesar is well connected through Indian Railways ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22,836", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajam", "summary": "Rajam is a town in Srikakulam district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is a nagar panchayat and the headquarters of Rajam mandal ." } ] }, { "value": "Andhra Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh", "summary": "Andhra Pradesh ( /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ ) ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is one of the 28 states of India , situated in the south-eastern part of the country . It is the eight-largest state in India , covering an area of 162,975 km2 ( 62,925 sq mi ) . As per the 2011 census , it is the tenth-most populous state , with 49,386,799 inhabitants . The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is Visakhapatnam . Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh . The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014 , and Hyderabad , the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years . Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km ( 605 mi ) - the second-longest coastline among the states of India , after Gujarat - with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters . The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south , and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal . The small enclave of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state . The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state , and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast , bordering the Bay of Bengal . The state comprises thirteen districts in total , nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema ." } ] }, { "value": "C.T", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23,424", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajauri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajauri", "summary": "Rajouri or Rajauri ( /rəˈdʒɔːri/ ) is a Town in Rajouri district in the UT of Jammu and Kashmir , India . Rajouri is about 155 kilometres ( 96 mi ) from Srinagar and 150 km from Jammu city on the Poonch Highway . Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University is based in the town . Famous Sikh General Banda Singh Bahadur also belonged to Rajouri ." } ] }, { "value": "Jammu and Kashmir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)", "summary": "Jammu and Kashmir [ b ] is a region administered by India as a union territory , and constituting the southern portion of the larger Kashmir region , which has been the subject of a dispute between India and Pakistan since 1947 , and between India and China since 1962 . The region of Jammu and Kashmir is separated by the Line of Control from the Pakistani-administered territories of Azad Kashmir and Gilgit-Baltistan in the west and north respectively . It lies to the north of the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh and Punjab and to the west of Ladakh , which is also subject to the dispute as a part of Kashmir , and administered by India as a union territory . Provisions for the formation of the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir were contained within the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act , 2019 , which was passed by both houses of the Parliament of India in August 2019 . The act re-constituted the erstwhile state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories , Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , with effect from 31 October 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "N.A.C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "41,552", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajesultanpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajesultanpur", "summary": "Rajesultanpur or Raje Sultanpur is a town and Nagar Panchayat in Ambedkar Nagar district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh ." } ] }, { "value": "Uttar Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uttar_Pradesh", "summary": "Uttar Pradesh ( /ˌʊtər prəˈdɛʃ/ ; IAST : Uttar Pradeś [ ˈʊtːəɾ pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ) is a state in northern India . With roughly 200 million inhabitants , it is the most populous state in India as well as the most populous country subdivision in the world . It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule , and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950 . The state is divided into 18 divisions and 75 districts with the capital being Lucknow . On 9 November 2000 , a new state , Uttarakhand , was carved out from the state 's Himalayan hill region . The two major rivers of the state , the Ganga and Yamuna , join at Allahabad ( Prayagraj ) and then flow as the Ganga further east . Hindi is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state , along with Urdu . The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the west , Haryana , Himachal Pradesh and Delhi to the northwest , Uttarakhand and Nepal to the north , Bihar to the east , Madhya Pradesh to the south , and touches the states of Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh to the southeast . It covers 243,290 square kilometres ( 93,933 sq mi ) , equal to 7.34% of the total area of India , and is the fourth-largest Indian state by area . Agriculture and service industries are the largest parts of the state 's economy . The service sector comprises travel and tourism , hotel industry , real estate , insurance and financial consultancies . The economy of Uttar Pradesh is the fifth-largest state economy in India with ₹15.42 lakh crore ( US $ 220 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹61,000 ( US $ 860 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "28,890", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajgarh ( Alwar )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajgarh,_Alwar", "summary": "Rajgarh is a town and a tehsil in Alwar district in the Indian state of Rajasthan . Asia 's number one haunted place Bhangarh are in Rajgarh , Alwar tehsil . It is a small town set in scenic hills dotted with forts , and features waterfalls , a valley , and the hills of Aravalli ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25,009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajgarh ( Churu )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajgarh,_Churu", "summary": "Rajgarh is a town and tehsil in the Churu district of northern part of Rajasthan state in India . The railway station in Rajgarh is known as Sadulpur . To distinguish Rajgarh from places with similar names , Sadulpur has become a synonym of town 's name in recent times . It is close to the Haryana border . Sadulpur Railway Junction lies on Bikaner-Churu-Sadulpur-Delhi , Hisar-Sadulpur-Loharu-Rewari and Hisar-Sadulpur-Churu railway route , Sriganganagar-Jaipur and Delhi- Sadulpur-Jodhpur routes ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "UA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "51,640", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajgarh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajgarh_(Madhya_Pradesh)", "summary": "Rajgarh is a city and a municipality in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India . It is the administrative headquarters of Rajgarh District , and was a princely state under the British Raj , named Rajgarh State . The old city belongs to the Malwa region and is surrounded by a battlemented wall . Rajgarh is now known for NTPC solar power plant and dam projects running over here , as a result companies like Tata and Reliance power have shown interest ." } ] }, { "value": "Madhya Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "summary": "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23,937", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "R", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_populated_places_in_Adilabad_district_17", "intro": "The entire work of this article is based on Census of India, 2011, conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Government of India." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presbyterian_Hospital_Invitational_Criterium", "title": "Presbyterian Hospital Invitational Criterium", "header": [ "Year", "Winner", "Country", "Time" ], "data": [ { "value": "2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ivan Dominguez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivan_Dominguez", "summary": "Iván Domínguez ( born May 28 , 1976 in Havana ) is a Cuban professional road bicycle racer for the Franco MRI Racing Team . In 2009 Dominguez also known as The Cuban Missile acquired U.S. citizenship . Dominguez originally rode for the Cuban National Team on the track and was a Pan-American Gold Medalist in 1997 . He defected in 1998 to live with his uncle in Miami . He spoke no English and worked in a shoe factory before starting to become successful in local bike races in Miami . His opportunity to return to high level bicycle racing came in 2000 via the elite amateur Cycle Science ( FL ) racing team . The small team was built around him and toured in a refurbished bus from Florida to California to New England and back to Wisconsin before he signed his first professional contract in August . He turned professional in 2001 , when offered a spot on the Saturn Professional Cycling Team . In 2004 , he switched to Colavita Olive Oil presented by Bolla Wines and he rode for Health Net Presented by Maxxis in 2005 , before joining Toyota-United in 2006 . In November 2008 Rock Racing announced that they had reached a deal for Dominguez to ride for them the following year . On December 10 , 2008 , Fuji-Servetto announced that Dominguez had signed , causing Rock Racing to remove him from their roster , however as of June 2009 Dominguez has gone from Fuji-Servetto to Rock Racing as one of their sprinters . He was a sprinter and was widely regarded as one of the best sprinters racing in America ." } ] }, { "value": "Cuba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cuba", "summary": "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ." } ] }, { "value": "2:00:51.3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Juan Jose Haedo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Juan_Jose_Haedo", "summary": "Juan José Haedo ( born 26 January 1981 ) is an Argentine former professional road racing cyclist and track cyclist , who rode professionally between 2003 and 2014 . He is the brother of Lucas Sebastián Haedo . Haedo started his career on the track before turning professional on the road in 2003 with Colavita-Bolla . After a year in the United Stages with the Toyota - United Pro Cycling Team he joined Team CSC in 2007 . Haedo had a successful career with CSC picking up notable stage wins in the Tour of California , Critérium du Dauphiné , Tirreno Adriatico and Vuelta a España . He competed with the team until the end of 2012 , when he joined Jamis-Hagens Berman . After retiring he stayed with the team as an assistant director ." } ] }, { "value": "Argentina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Argentina", "summary": "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ." } ] }, { "value": "1:51:16.2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shawn Milne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shawn_Milne", "summary": "Shawn Milne ( born November 9 , 1981 ) is a professional road bicycle racer from Gloucester , Massachusetts , United States . In 2009 , he rode in events on the USA Cycling National Racing Calendar and UCI Continental Circuits for Team Type 1 . On May 31 , 2009 , he won the Air Force Cycling Classic . He was selected to represent the United States at the 2002 and 2003 Under 23 World Road Race Championships . Milne was a member of the 2000 Gloucester High School national champion and national record-setting indoor track distance medley relay team along with Josh Palazola , Tristan Colangelo and Ngai Otieno ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1:58:45.4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Frank Pipp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Pipp", "summary": "Frank Pipp ( born May 22 , 1977 in Iron Mountain , Michigan ) is a former American cyclist . He was professional from 2005 to 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1:55:19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alejandro Borrajo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alejandro_Borrajo", "summary": "Alejandro Alberto Borrajo ( born 24 April 1980 in Viedma , Río Negro ) is an Argentine professional road racing cyclist . His other brother , Armando Borrajo , committed suicide on December 18 , 2010 , having been kidnapped for two days . Alejandro broke his arm , trying to intervene ." } ] }, { "value": "Argentina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Argentina", "summary": "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Veilleux", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Veilleux", "summary": "David Veilleux ( born 26 November 1987 ) is a Canadian former professional cyclist , who competed as a professional between 2011 and 2013 . He is best known for his victories in the Italian semi-classic Tre Valli Varesine in 2012 and winning a stage of the 2013 Critérium du Dauphiné ." } ] }, { "value": "Canada", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jonathan Cantwell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jonathan_Cantwell", "summary": "Jonathan Cantwell ( 8 January 1982 - 6 November 2018 ) was an Australian professional road bicycle racer who rode for UCI Professional Continental Team Drapac Cannondale Holistic Development Team ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1:52:55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jake Keough", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jake_Keough", "summary": "Jake Keough ( born June 18 , 1987 in Sandwich , Massachusetts ) is a former American cyclist . He is Luke Keough 's brother ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1:55:35", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Men 's winners", "section_text": "The men 's criterium runs along a course along Tryon Street between 2nd and 7th Streets throughout Uptown Charlotte . [ 2 ] The race has a total distance of 50 miles ( 80 km ) . [ 3 ]", "uid": "Presbyterian_Hospital_Invitational_Criterium_0", "intro": "The Presbyterian Hospital Invitational Criterium, or Charlotte Criterium, is an annual criterium bicycle race along an 1.2 miles (2 km) course located in Uptown, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States. With the inaugural race occurring in 2004, this was known as the Bank of America Criterium through the 2006 race, when the name and sponsorship was changed to its current name for the 2007 event. Its $125,000 purse is the largest for this type of event in the United States. The race serves as a benefit for the Brain Tumor Fund of the Carolinas, and is an officially sanctioned race as part of the USA CRITS Tour." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_UCI_Asia_Tour", "title": "2005 UCI Asia Tour", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "Team", "Points" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrey Mizurov ( KAZ )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrey_Mizurov", "summary": "Andrey Mizourov ( Kazakh : Андрей Мизуров , born March 16 , 1973 in Karaganda , Soviet Union , now Kazakhstan ) is a former Kazakhstani professional road bicycle racer ." } ] }, { "value": "Cycling Team Capec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_Team_Capec", "summary": "Capec was a Kazakh UCI Continental cycling team ." } ] }, { "value": "213", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ryan Cox ( RSA )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_Cox", "summary": "Ryan Cox ( 9 April 1979 - 1 August 2007 ) was a South African professional road racing cyclist . He had been cycling since 1987 and turned professional in 2000 . He first joined Amore e Vita but changed , the following year to Team Cologne which was based in Germany . He had been a member of Team Barloworld since 2003 . In 2004 and 2005 he won the South African National Road Race Championships . Cox died at Kempton Park Hospital when the main artery in his left leg burst , three weeks after a vascular lesion operation in France for a knotted artery ." } ] }, { "value": "Barloworld", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barloworld_(cycling_team)", "summary": "Barloworld ( UCI team code : BAR ) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team that competed between 2003 and 2009 . Its sponsor company was South African and the team maintained a South African identity , but it was first registered in Italy and then , from 2007 , in Great Britain . Barloworld rode UCI Continental Circuits races and , when selected , UCI ProTour events . They were managed by Claudio Corti , with Valerio Tebaldi , Christian Andersen and Alberto Volpi as directeurs sportifs . Its prominent riders included South African Robert Hunter and Colombian Mauricio Soler . Chris Froome rode for Barloworld for 2008 and 2009 . The sponsor was Barloworld , an industrial brand management company . The team rode Bianchi frames with Shimano components ." } ] }, { "value": "190", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Martin Mareš ( CZE )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Mareš", "summary": "Martin Mareš ( born 23 January 1982 in Blansko ) is a retired Czech cyclist ." } ] }, { "value": "eD'system ZVVZ", "urls": [] }, { "value": "174", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hossein Askari ( IRI )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hossein_Askari", "summary": "Hossein Askari ( Persian : حسین عسگری , born March 23 , 1975 in Khomein ) is an Iranian professional racing cyclist , who was suspended for one year for doping in 2013 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Giant Asia Racing Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team", "summary": "RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear ." } ] }, { "value": "168.66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David McCann ( IRL )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_McCann", "summary": "David McCann ( born 17 March 1973 in Belfast ) is an Irish professional road bicycle racer , and rode in the 1996 , 2000 and 2012 Olympic Games . He was the Irish national road race champion in 2000 , 2001 and 2006 , and won the Irish national time trial championships a record 6 times ( 2001 , 2002 , 2004 , 2005 , 2009 & 2010 ) . He last rode for the Synergy Baku Cycling Project , an Azerbaijan-registered UCI Continental team ." } ] }, { "value": "Giant Asia Racing Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team", "summary": "RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear ." } ] }, { "value": "160.66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Graeme Brown ( AUS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Graeme_Brown", "summary": "Graeme Allen Brown OAM ( born 9 April 1979 ) was a professional cyclist and is a dual Olympic gold medallist from Australia . He last rode for UCI Pro Continental team Drapac Professional Cycling ." } ] }, { "value": "Ceramica Panaria-Navigare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bardiani–CSF–Faizanè", "summary": "Bardiani-CSF-Faizanè ( UCI team code : BCF ) is a professional continental cycling team registered in Italy that participates in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events . The team is managed by Bruno Reverberi with assistance from directeurs sportifs Fabiano Fontanelli and Roberto Reverberi . Reverberi has managed the team since 1982 , when it started as Termolan . Navigare was an on-and-off title-sponsor since 1990 , when the team was called Italbonifica-Navigare . The current main sponsor , Bardiani Valvole , became associated with the team in 2013 , prior to which CSF Group ( 2008-12 ) and Ceramica Panaria ( 2000-2007 ) were main sponsors ." } ] }, { "value": "156", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mehdi Sohrabi ( IRI )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mehdi_Sohrabi", "summary": "Mehdi Sohrabi ( Persian : مهدی سهرابی , born 12 October 1981 in Zanjan ) is an Iranian professional racing cyclist , who as of 2013 rides for the Pishgaman Cycling Team . In 2010 and 2011 , Sohrabi won the UCI Asia Tour . At the end of the 2011 season , Sohrabi had many UCI-points , and because of this was contracted by UCI ProTeam Lotto-Belisol , that needed these points to secure their ProTeam status for the next season . After one year as a rider for Lotto-Belisol , Sohrabi returned to his former team in 2013 . After two years he moved to the Tabriz Shahrdari Team , from where a year later he was already in the Pishgaman Cycling Team where he is still today ." } ] }, { "value": "Paykan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "155.66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ghader Mizbani ( IRI )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ghader_Mizbani", "summary": "Ghader Mizbani Iranagh ( Persian : قادر میزبانی ایرانق , born 6 September 1975 in Tabriz ) is an Iranian former professional road bicycle racer , who rode professionally between 2001 and 2018 for the Telekom Malaysia Cycling Team , the Giant Asia Racing Team , Brisaspor , the Tabriz Petrochemical Team and the Tabriz Shahrdary Team . Mizbani won the overall standings of the UCI Asia Tour twice - in 2005-06 and 2008-09 . Mizbani won the Iranian National Road Race Championships three times and the Iranian National Time Trial Championships twice ." } ] }, { "value": "Giant Asia Racing Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team", "summary": "RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear ." } ] }, { "value": "150.66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ahad Kazemi ( IRI )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ahad_Kazemi", "summary": "Ahad Kazemi Sarai ( born 21 May 1975 ) is an Iranian cyclist riding for the Tabriz Petrochemical Team ." } ] }, { "value": "Giant Asia Racing Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RTS–Monton_Racing_Team", "summary": "RTS Racing Team ( UCI team code : RTS ) is a Taiwanese UCI Continental cycling team managed by Wen Chin Lin and sponsored by Giant Bicycles , Kinlin Industrial Corporation , Kenda , Kalloy , OGK Helmet , Yaban Chain , Ashima , Exustar , Smanie , Cionlli , XPEDO , VIM Group and Adidas Eyewear ." } ] }, { "value": "132.66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sergey Lagutin ( UZB )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergey_Lagutin", "summary": "Sergey Lagutin ( Russian : Сергей Лагутин ; born 14 January 1981 ) is a professional road racing cyclist , who last rode for UCI Professional Continental team Gazprom-RusVelo ." } ] }, { "value": "Landbouwkrediet-Colnago", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Landbouwkrediet–Colnago", "summary": "Crelan-Euphony ( UCI team code : CRE ) was a UCI Professional Continental cycling team based in Belgium that participated in UCI Continental Circuits races and when selected as a wildcard to UCI ProTour events . The team was managed by Gérard Bulens , with assistance from directeur sportifs Jef De Bilde , Claude Criquielion , Marco Saligari and Claude Van Collie . Despite the fact that it was never a top team , they had a 3rd place in the GC of the 2003 Giro d'Italia , thanks to later Discovery Channel and Astana rider Yaroslav Popovych . The team was sponsored by the Belgian companies Crelan , a bank , and Euphony , a telecommunications company . The team folded at the end of the 2013 season , for financial reasons ." } ] }, { "value": "120", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Individual classification", "section_text": "", "uid": "2005_UCI_Asia_Tour_1", "intro": "The 2005 UCI Asia Tour was the first season of the UCI Asia Tour. The season began on 16 January 2005 with the Tour of Siam and ended on 19 September 2005 with the Tour de Hokkaido. Andrey Mizurov of Kazakhstan was crowned as the 2005 UCI Asia Tour champion. Throughout the season, points are awarded to the top finishers of stages within stage races and the final general classification standings of each of the stages races and one-day events. The quality and complexity of a race also determines how many points are awarded to the top finishers, the higher the UCI rating of a race, the more points are awarded. The UCI ratings from highest to lowest are as follows:" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_record_progression_100_metres_backstroke", "title": "World record progression 100 metres backstroke", "header": [ "Time", "Swimmer", "Date", "Place" ], "data": [ { "value": "52.71", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Tewksbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Tewksbury", "summary": "Mark Tewksbury , MSM ( born February 7 , 1968 ) is a Canadian former competition swimmer . He is best known for winning the gold medal in the 100-metre backstroke at the 1992 Summer Olympics . He also hosted the first season of How It 's Made , a Canadian documentary series , in 2001 . Tewksbury was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal ( Civil Division ) in 1993 for being a motivational speaker and a gifted athlete ." } ] }, { "value": "March 16 , 1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bonn , Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bonn", "summary": "The Federal City of Bonn ( German pronunciation : [ bɔn ] ( listen ) ) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia , with a population of over 300,000 . About 24 km ( 15 mi ) south-southeast of Cologne , Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region , Germany 's largest metropolitan area , with over 11 million inhabitants . It is famously known as the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven in 1770 . He spent his childhood and teenage years in Bonn . Founded in the 1st century BC as a Roman settlement , Bonn is one of Germany 's oldest cities . From 1597 to 1794 , Bonn was the capital of the Electorate of Cologne , and residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne . From 1949 to 1990 , Bonn was the capital of West Germany , and Germany 's present constitution , the Basic Law , was declared in the city in 1949 . The era when Bonn served as the capital of West Germany is referred to by historians as the Bonn Republic . From 1990 to 1999 , Bonn served as the seat of government - but no longer capital - of reunited Germany . Because of a political compromise following the reunification , the German federal government maintains a substantial presence in Bonn . Roughly a third of all ministerial jobs are located in Bonn as of 2019 [ update ] , and the city is considered a second , unofficial , capital of the country . Bonn is the secondary seat of the President , the Chancellor , the Bundesrat and the primary seat of six federal government ministries and twenty federal authorities ." } ] }, { "value": "52.58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Tewksbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Tewksbury", "summary": "Mark Tewksbury , MSM ( born February 7 , 1968 ) is a Canadian former competition swimmer . He is best known for winning the gold medal in the 100-metre backstroke at the 1992 Summer Olympics . He also hosted the first season of How It 's Made , a Canadian documentary series , in 2001 . Tewksbury was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal ( Civil Division ) in 1993 for being a motivational speaker and a gifted athlete ." } ] }, { "value": "March 29 , 1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sheffield , Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sheffield", "summary": "Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire , England . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , its name derives from the River Sheaf , which runs through the city . With some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire , the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base . The population of the City of Sheffield is 582,506 ( mid-2018 est . ) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the Core Cities Group . Sheffield is the third-largest English district by population . The metropolitan population of Sheffield is 1,569,000 . The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines , and the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries , the Loxley , the Porter Brook , the Rivelin and the Sheaf . Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield 's entire area is green space , and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park . There are more than 250 parks , woodlands and gardens in the city , which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees . Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution , with many significant inventions and technologies developed in the city . In the 19th century , the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade , when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally , fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population ." } ] }, { "value": "52.52", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Tewksbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Tewksbury", "summary": "Mark Tewksbury , MSM ( born February 7 , 1968 ) is a Canadian former competition swimmer . He is best known for winning the gold medal in the 100-metre backstroke at the 1992 Summer Olympics . He also hosted the first season of How It 's Made , a Canadian documentary series , in 2001 . Tewksbury was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal ( Civil Division ) in 1993 for being a motivational speaker and a gifted athlete ." } ] }, { "value": "February 20 , 1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg , Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg", "summary": "Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) ." } ] }, { "value": "52.50", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Tewksbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Tewksbury", "summary": "Mark Tewksbury , MSM ( born February 7 , 1968 ) is a Canadian former competition swimmer . He is best known for winning the gold medal in the 100-metre backstroke at the 1992 Summer Olympics . He also hosted the first season of How It 's Made , a Canadian documentary series , in 2001 . Tewksbury was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal ( Civil Division ) in 1993 for being a motivational speaker and a gifted athlete ." } ] }, { "value": "February 22 , 1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Winnipeg , Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg", "summary": "Winnipeg ( /ˈwɪnɪpɛɡ/ ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of the province of Manitoba in Canada . It is centred on the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine rivers , near the longitudinal centre of North America . The city is named after the nearby Lake Winnipeg ; the name comes from the Western Cree words for muddy water . The region was a trading centre for Indigenous peoples long before the arrival of Europeans . French traders built the first fort on the site in 1738 . A settlement was later founded by the Selkirk settlers of the Red River Colony in 1812 , the nucleus of which was incorporated as the City of Winnipeg in 1873 . As at 2016 [ update ] , Winnipeg is the seventh-most populated municipality in Canada , with a resident population of about 778,500 . Being far inland , the local climate is extremely seasonal even by Canadian standards with average January lows of around −21 °C ( −6 °F ) and average July highs of 26 °C ( 79 °F ) . Known as the Gateway to the West , Winnipeg is a railway and transportation hub with a diversified economy . This multicultural city hosts numerous annual festivals , including the Festival du Voyageur , the Winnipeg Folk Festival , the Jazz Winnipeg Festival , the Winnipeg Fringe Theatre Festival , and Folklorama . Winnipeg was the first Canadian host of the Pan American Games . It is home to several professional sports franchises , including the Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( Canadian football ) , the Winnipeg Jets ( ice hockey ) , Manitoba Moose ( ice hockey ) , Valour FC ( soccer ) , and the Winnipeg Goldeyes ( baseball ) ." } ] }, { "value": "51.43", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jeff Rouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeff_Rouse", "summary": "Jeffrey Norman Rouse ( born February 6 , 1970 ) is an American former competition swimmer , three-time Olympic champion , and former world record-holder in three events . Rouse represented the United States in two consecutive Olympic Games in 1992 and 1996 . At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , Spain , he won a gold medal swimming for the winning U.S. team in the men 's 4×100-meter medley relay . Individually , he also received a silver medal for his second-place performance in the men 's 100-meter backstroke . Four years later at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , Georgia , he earned a gold medal as a member of the first-place U.S. team in the men 's 4×100-meter medley relay . In individual competition , he won another gold medal in the men 's 100-meter backstroke . Rouse is a member of the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame and the International Swimming Hall of Fame ." } ] }, { "value": "April 12 , 1993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sheffield , Great Britain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sheffield", "summary": "Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire , England . Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire , its name derives from the River Sheaf , which runs through the city . With some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire , the city has grown from its largely industrial roots to encompass a wider economic base . The population of the City of Sheffield is 582,506 ( mid-2018 est . ) and it is one of the eight largest regional English cities that make up the Core Cities Group . Sheffield is the third-largest English district by population . The metropolitan population of Sheffield is 1,569,000 . The city is in the eastern foothills of the Pennines , and the valleys of the River Don and its four tributaries , the Loxley , the Porter Brook , the Rivelin and the Sheaf . Sixty-one per cent of Sheffield 's entire area is green space , and a third of the city lies within the Peak District national park . There are more than 250 parks , woodlands and gardens in the city , which is estimated to contain around 4.5 million trees . Sheffield played a crucial role in the Industrial Revolution , with many significant inventions and technologies developed in the city . In the 19th century , the city saw a huge expansion of its traditional cutlery trade , when stainless steel and crucible steel were developed locally , fuelling an almost tenfold increase in the population ." } ] }, { "value": "51.28", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lenny Krayzelburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lenny_Krayzelburg", "summary": "Lenny Krayzelburg ( born September 28 , 1975 , as Leonid Krayzelburg ; Ukrainian : Леонід Крайзельбург , Russian : Леони́д Кра́йзельбург ) is an American former backstroke swimmer , Olympic gold medalist , and former world record holder . He swam in the 2000 and 2004 Olympics , winning a total of four Olympic gold medals ." } ] }, { "value": "February 5 , 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Berlin , Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berlin", "summary": "Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "50.75", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Neil Walker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Neil_Walker_(swimmer)", "summary": "Neil Scott Walker ( born June 25 , 1976 ) is an American former competition swimmer , four-time Olympic medalist , and former world record-holder in multiple events . Walker represented the United States at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , where he won a silver medal in the men 's 4×100-meter freestyle relay , and at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens , where he also won a bronze in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay . He also twice earned gold medals in the 4×100-meter medley relay , after swimming for the winning U.S. team in the preliminary heats . At the 2000 Short Course World Championships in Athens , Greece , he set short course world records in the 50-meter backstroke , 100-meter backstroke , and 100-meter individual medley . Walker retired from competitive swimming after the 2008 U.S. Olympic Trials . He started a swim school with Olympian and former Longhorn teammate Ian Crocker and U.S. National Champion and former Longhorn teammate James Fike , with locations in Austin and Dallas . He is currently the head coach of Rockwall Aquatics Center of Excellence ( RACE ) in Rockwall , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "March 19 , 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athens , Greece", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athens", "summary": "Athens ( /ˈæθɪnz/ ATH-inz ; Greek : Αθήνα , romanized : Athína [ aˈθina ] ( listen ) ; Ancient Greek : Ἀθῆναι , romanized : Athênai ( pl . ) [ atʰɛ̂ːnai̯ ] ) is the capital and largest city of Greece . Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world 's oldest cities , with its recorded history spanning over 3,400 years and its earliest human presence started somewhere between the 11th and 7th millennium BC . Classical Athens was a powerful city-state that emerged in conjunction with the seagoing development of the port of Piraeus . A center for the arts , learning and philosophy , home of Plato 's Academy and Aristotle 's Lyceum , it is widely referred to as the cradle of Western civilization and the birthplace of democracy , largely because of its cultural and political impact on the European continent , and in particular the Romans . In modern times , Athens is a large cosmopolitan metropolis and central to economic , financial , industrial , maritime , political and cultural life in Greece . Athens is a global city and one of the biggest economic centers in southeastern Europe . It has a large financial sector , and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe , and the second largest in the world . The Municipality of Athens ( also City of Athens ) , which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city , had a population of 664,046 ( in 2011 ) within its official limits , and a land area of 38.96 km2 ( 15.04 sq mi ) . The urban area of Athens ( Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus ) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits , with a population of 3,090,508 ( in 2011 ) over an area of 412 km2 ( 159 sq mi ) . According to Eurostat in 2011 , the functional urban area ( FUA ) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union ( the 6th most populous capital city of the EU ) , with a population of 3.8 million people . Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "50.58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas Rupprath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Rupprath", "summary": "Thomas Rupprath ( born 16 March 1977 in Neuss ) is an Olympic swimmer from Germany , who is nicknamed The New Albatross ." } ] }, { "value": "December 8 , 2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melbourne , Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melbourne", "summary": "Melbourne ( /ˈmɛlbən/ ( listen ) MEL-bərn ) [ note 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of the Australian state of Victoria , and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania . Its name refers to an urban agglomeration of 9,993 km2 ( 3,858 sq mi ) , comprising a metropolitan area with 31 municipalities , and is also the common name for its city centre . The city occupies much of the coastline of Port Phillip bay and spreads into the hinterlands towards the Dandenong and Macedon ranges , Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley . It has a population of 5 million ( 19% of the population of Australia ) , and its inhabitants are referred to as Melburnians . [ note 2 ] The city was founded on 30 August 1835 , in the then-British colony of New South Wales , by free settlers from the colony of Van Diemens Land ( modern-day Tasmania ) . It was incorporated as a Crown settlement in 1837 , and named Melbourne by Governor General Richard Bourke on 10 April 1837 in honour of the British Prime Minister , William Lamb , 2nd Viscount Melbourne . In 1851 , four years after Queen Victoria declared it a city , Melbourne became the capital of the new colony of Victoria . In the wake of the 1850s Victorian gold rush , the city entered a lengthy boom period that , by the late 1880s , had transformed it into one of the world 's largest and wealthiest metropolises . After the federation of Australia in 1901 , it served as interim seat of government of the new nation until Canberra became the permanent capital in 1927 . Today , it is a leading financial centre in the Asia-Pacific region and ranks 15th in the Global Financial Centres Index . Melbourne is home to many of Australia 's best-known landmarks , such as the Melbourne Cricket Ground , the National Gallery of Victoria and the World Heritage-listed Royal Exhibition Building . It is also the birthplace of Australian impressionism , Australian rules football , and the Australian film and television industries ." } ] }, { "value": "50.32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peter Marshall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(swimmer)", "summary": "Peter Jeffrey Marshall ( born March 9 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke . He is a former world record holder in the 50-meter backstroke ( short course ) and the 100-meter backstroke ( short course ) . He has won a total of fourteen medals in major international competition - ten gold , two silver , and two bronze - spanning the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "March 26 , 2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York City , United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City", "summary": "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ." } ] }, { "value": "49.99", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ryan Lochte", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_Lochte", "summary": "Ryan Steven Lochte ( /ˈlɒkti/ LOK-tee ; born August 3 , 1984 ) is an American competitive swimmer and 12-time Olympic medalist . Along with Natalie Coughlin , Dara Torres , and Jenny Thompson , he is the second-most decorated swimmer in Olympic history measured by total number of medals , behind only Michael Phelps . Lochte 's seven individual Olympic medals rank second in history in men 's swimming ( again to Michael Phelps ) , tied for second among all Olympic swimmers . He currently holds the world records in the 200-meter individual medley ( long and short course ) . As part of the American teams , he also holds the world record in the 4×200-meter freestyle ( long course ) and 4x100-meter freestyle ( mixed ) relay . Lochte 's success has earned him SwimSwam 's Swammy Award for U.S . Male Swimmer of the Year in 2013 , the World Swimmer of the Year Award and the American Swimmer of the Year Award twice . He has also been named the FINA Swimmer of the Year three times . He has won a total of 90 medals in major international competition ( 54 gold , 22 silver , and 14 bronze ) spanning the Olympics , the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships , including six Olympic gold medals and 39 world championship titles . Lochte specializes in the backstroke and individual medley , but is also a freestyle and butterfly swimmer . He is noted for the speed and distance he attains while kicking underwater . Lochte is also known for his dominance in the short course format ( 25-yard and 25-meter-long pools ) ." } ] }, { "value": "April 9 , 2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shanghai , China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shanghai", "summary": "Shanghai ( Chinese : 上海 ; Shanghainese pronunciation : [ zɑ̃.hɛ ] ( listen ) , Putonghua pronunciation : [ ʂâŋ.xài ] ( listen ) ) is one of the four municipalities of the People 's Republic of China . It is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze , and the Huangpu River flows through it . With a population of 24.2 million as of 2018 [ update ] , it is the most populous urban area in China and the second most populous city proper in the world . Shanghai is a global center for finance , innovation , and transportation , and the Port of Shanghai is the world 's busiest container port . Originally a fishing village and market town , Shanghai grew in importance in the 19th century due to trade and its favorable port location . The city was one of five treaty ports forced open to foreign trade after the First Opium War . The Shanghai International Settlement and the French Concession were subsequently established . The city then flourished , becoming a primary commercial and financial hub of the Asia-Pacific region in the 1930s . During the Second Sino-Japanese War , the city was the site of the major Battle of Shanghai . After the war , with the CPC takeover of mainland China in 1949 , trade was limited to other socialist countries , and the city 's global influence declined . In the 1990s , economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping resulted in an intense redevelopment of the city , especially the Pudong district , aiding the return of finance and foreign investment to the city . The city has since re-emerged as a hub for international trade and finance ; it is the home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange , one of the largest stock exchanges in the world by market capitalization , and the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone , the first free-trade zone in China ." } ] }, { "value": "49.94", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peter Marshall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(swimmer)", "summary": "Peter Jeffrey Marshall ( born March 9 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke . He is a former world record holder in the 50-meter backstroke ( short course ) and the 100-meter backstroke ( short course ) . He has won a total of fourteen medals in major international competition - ten gold , two silver , and two bronze - spanning the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "November 11 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stockholm , Sweden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockholm", "summary": "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ." } ] }, { "value": "49.63", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peter Marshall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Marshall_(swimmer)", "summary": "Peter Jeffrey Marshall ( born March 9 , 1982 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke . He is a former world record holder in the 50-meter backstroke ( short course ) and the 100-meter backstroke ( short course ) . He has won a total of fourteen medals in major international competition - ten gold , two silver , and two bronze - spanning the World Championships , Pan American Games , and Pan Pacific Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "November 15 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Berlin , Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berlin", "summary": "Berlin ( /bɜːrˈlɪn/ ; German : [ bɛʁˈliːn ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and largest city of Germany by both area and population . Its 3,748,148 ( 2018 ) inhabitants make it the most populous city proper of the European Union . The city is one of Germany 's 16 federal states . It is surrounded by the state of Brandenburg , and contiguous with Potsdam , Brandenburg 's capital . The two cities are at the center of the Berlin-Brandenburg capital region , which is , with about six million inhabitants and an area of more than 30,000 km² , Germany 's third-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr and Rhine-Main regions . Berlin straddles the banks of the River Spree , which flows into the River Havel ( a tributary of the River Elbe ) in the western borough of Spandau . Among the city 's main topographical features are the many lakes in the western and southeastern boroughs formed by the Spree , Havel , and Dahme rivers ( the largest of which is Lake Müggelsee ) . Due to its location in the European Plain , Berlin is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate . About one-third of the city 's area is composed of forests , parks , gardens , rivers , canals and lakes . The city lies in the Central German dialect area , the Berlin dialect being a variant of the Lusatian-New Marchian dialects . First documented in the 13th century and situated at the crossing of two important historic trade routes , Berlin became the capital of the Margraviate of Brandenburg ( 1417-1701 ) , the Kingdom of Prussia ( 1701-1918 ) , the German Empire ( 1871-1918 ) , the Weimar Republic ( 1919-1933 ) , and the Third Reich ( 1933-1945 ) . Berlin in the 1920s was the third largest municipality in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "49.32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stanislav Donets", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stanislav_Donets", "summary": "Stanislav Yuryevich Donets ( Russian : Станисла́в Ю́рьевич Доне́ц , romanized : Stanisláv Yúr'yevich Donéts ) ( born 7 July 1983 ) is a Russian swimmer from Dimitrovgrad . He was the world record holder for the 100m backstroke ( Short Course ) ." } ] }, { "value": "December 14 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rijeka , Croatia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rijeka", "summary": "Rijeka ( /riˈɛkə , riˈeɪkə/ , also US : /riˈjɛkə/ , Croatian : [ rijěːka ] ( listen ) ; Hungarian : Fiume , Italian : Fiume [ ˈfjuːme ] ; Slovene : Reka ; German : Sankt Veit am Flaum ) is the principal seaport and the third-largest city in Croatia ( after Zagreb and Split ) . It is located in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County on Kvarner Bay , an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,624 inhabitants . Historically , because of its strategic position and its excellent deep-water port , the city was fiercely contested , especially among Italy , Hungary ( serving as the Kingdom of Hungary 's largest and most important port ) , and Croatia , changing hands and demographics many times over centuries . According to the 2011 census data , the majority of its citizens are Croats , along with a large minority of Serbs , and smaller numbers of Bosniaks and Italians . Rijeka is the main city and county seat of the Primorje-Gorski Kotar County . The city 's economy largely depends on shipbuilding ( shipyards 3 . Maj and Viktor Lenac Shipyard ) and maritime transport . Rijeka hosts the Croatian National Theatre Ivan pl . Zajc , first built in 1765 , as well as the University of Rijeka , founded in 1973 but with roots dating back to 1632 School of Theology . Apart from Croatian and Italian , linguistically the city is home to its own unique dialect of the Venetian language , Fiuman , with an estimated 20,000 speakers among the autochthonous Italians , Croats and other minorities . Historically Fiuman served as the main lingua franca between the many ethnicities inhabiting the multiethnic port-town . In certain suburbs of the modern extended municipality the autochthonous population still speaks the Chakavian tongue , a dialect of the Croatian language ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Croatia", "summary": "Croatia ( /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ ( listen ) , kroh-AY-shə ; Croatian : Hrvatska , pronounced [ xř̩ʋaːtskaː ] ) , officially the Republic of Croatia ( Croatian : Republika Hrvatska , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ d ] is a country in Southeast Europe . It borders Slovenia to the northwest , Hungary to the northeast , Serbia to the east , Bosnia and Herzegovina , and Montenegro to the southeast , sharing a maritime border with Italy . Its capital , Zagreb , forms one of the country 's primary subdivisions , along with twenty counties . Croatia has an area of 56,594 square kilometres ( 21,851 square miles ) and a population of 4.28 million , most of whom are Roman Catholics . Croatia has been inhabited since the Paleolithic Age . The Croats arrived in the area in the 6th century and organised the territory into two duchies by the 9th century . Croatia was first internationally recognized as an independent state on 7 June 879 during the reign of duke Branimir . Tomislav became the first king by 925 , elevating Croatia to the status of a kingdom , which retained its sovereignty for nearly two centuries . During the succession crisis after the Trpimirović dynasty ended , Croatia entered a personal union with Hungary in 1102 . In 1527 , faced with Ottoman conquest , the Croatian Parliament elected Ferdinand I of Austria to the Croatian throne . In October 1918 , in the final days of World War I , the State of Slovenes , Croats and Serbs , independent from Austria-Hungary , was proclaimed in Zagreb , and in December 1918 it was merged into the Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes ( renamed the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1929 ) . Following the Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941 , most of the Croatian territory was incorporated into a Nazi-backed client-state , the Independent State of Croatia ." } ] }, { "value": "49.20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aschwin Wildeboer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aschwin_Wildeboer", "summary": "Aschwin Wildeboer Faber ( born 14 February 1986 in Sabadell , Spain ) is a Spanish Olympic backstroke swimmer of Dutch origin ." } ] }, { "value": "December 21 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Madrid , Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madrid", "summary": "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ." } ] }, { "value": "49.17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arkady Vyatchanin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arkady_Vyatchanin", "summary": "Arkady Arkadyevich Vyatchanin ( Russian : Аркадий Аркадьевич Вятча́нин , Serbian Cyrillic : Аркадиј Аркадјевич Вјатчањин ; born 4 April 1984 ) is a retired Russian , Serbian and American backstroke swimmer . He was born in Vorkuta , and in 1999 moved to Taganrog , Russia , where he graduated from the South Federal University . He was a member of the Russian National Team in 2000-2015 ; moved to Serbia in 2015 and to the United States in 2017 , and retired in June 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "December 12 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Istanbul , Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009_European_Short_Course_Swimming_Championships", "summary": "The 2009 European Short Course Swimming Championships was held in Istanbul , Turkey , from Thursday 10 to Sunday 13 December 2009 . A temporary swimming pool was built within the Abdi İpekçi Arena . The event was held over four days with : heats , semifinals and a final for the 50 m and 100 m events and heats and a final for all other events with the exception of the women 's 800 m and men 's 1500 m freestyle which were heat declared winners . Heats were held in the morning , with semifinals , finals and the fastest heat of the distance freestyle events in the evening . Each nation was permitted to enter three swimmers into each individual event , however only the fastest two were able to progress to the semifinal and/or final ." } ] }, { "value": "48.97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arkady Vyatchanin Stanislav Donets", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arkady_Vyatchanin", "summary": "Arkady Arkadyevich Vyatchanin ( Russian : Аркадий Аркадьевич Вятча́нин , Serbian Cyrillic : Аркадиј Аркадјевич Вјатчањин ; born 4 April 1984 ) is a retired Russian , Serbian and American backstroke swimmer . He was born in Vorkuta , and in 1999 moved to Taganrog , Russia , where he graduated from the South Federal University . He was a member of the Russian National Team in 2000-2015 ; moved to Serbia in 2015 and to the United States in 2017 , and retired in June 2018 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Stanislav_Donets", "summary": "Stanislav Yuryevich Donets ( Russian : Станисла́в Ю́рьевич Доне́ц , romanized : Stanisláv Yúr'yevich Donéts ) ( born 7 July 1983 ) is a Russian swimmer from Dimitrovgrad . He was the world record holder for the 100m backstroke ( Short Course ) ." } ] }, { "value": "December 13 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Istanbul , Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009_European_Short_Course_Swimming_Championships", "summary": "The 2009 European Short Course Swimming Championships was held in Istanbul , Turkey , from Thursday 10 to Sunday 13 December 2009 . A temporary swimming pool was built within the Abdi İpekçi Arena . The event was held over four days with : heats , semifinals and a final for the 50 m and 100 m events and heats and a final for all other events with the exception of the women 's 800 m and men 's 1500 m freestyle which were heat declared winners . Heats were held in the morning , with semifinals , finals and the fastest heat of the distance freestyle events in the evening . Each nation was permitted to enter three swimmers into each individual event , however only the fastest two were able to progress to the semifinal and/or final ." } ] }, { "value": "48.94 ( r )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nick Thoman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Thoman", "summary": "Nicholas Brewer Thoman ( born March 6 , 1986 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke and is an Olympic gold medalist . He has won two world championships as a member of winning United States medley relay teams at the FINA World Aquatics Championships . From 2009 to 2015 he held the world record in the 100-meter backstroke ( short course ) . Thoman has won a total of ten medals in major international competition , four gold , three silver , and three bronze spanning the Olympics , World Championships , Pan Pacific Championships , Pan American Games , and the Summer Universiade . He was a member of the 2012 U.S. Olympic team , and won gold and silver medals at the 2012 Summer Olympics . On December 6 , 2013 , at the U.S. national championships in Knoxville Tennessee , Thoman set three American records in one evening . He broke the American record in the 50-yard backstroke ( 20.69 ) , was part of an American record-breaking 200-yard medley relay ( with E. Knight , T. Phillips and C. Jones , 1:23.02 ) and shattered the American record in the 100-yard backstroke with a time of 44.07 ." } ] }, { "value": "December 18 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manchester , England", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009_Duel_in_the_Pool", "summary": "The 2009 Duel in the Pool was a swimming competition between a team from the United States and a combined British , German and Italian E-Stars team held on Friday 18 and Saturday 19 December 2009 at the Manchester Aquatics Centre , United Kingdom . The naming rights are held by Mutual of Omaha and British Gas in the United States and Europe respectively - the event was therefore promoted as the 2009 Mutual of Omaha Duel in the Pool and 2009 British Gas Duel in the Pool . The duel was won by the United States with a final score of 185-78 , with eight short course world records broken - all by the USA team ." } ] }, { "value": "48.92", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matt Grevers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matt_Grevers", "summary": "Matthew Grevers ( born March 26 , 1985 ) is an American competition swimmer who competes in the backstroke and freestyle events , and is a six-time Olympic medalist . He has won a total of thirty-three medals in major international competition , fourteen gold , twelve silver , and seven bronze spanning the Olympics , World Championships , and the Universiade . At the 2008 Summer Olympics , Grevers won gold medals as a member of the U.S. teams in the 4×100-meter freestyle and 4×100-meter medley relays , and a silver medal in the 100-meter backstroke . Four years later , at the 2012 Summer Olympics , he won gold medals in the 100-meter backstroke and the 4×100-meter medley relay , and a silver medal in the 4×100-meter freestyle relay ." } ] }, { "value": "December 12 , 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Indianapolis , USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duel_in_the_Pool", "summary": "The Duel in the Pool is a swimming event that began in 2003 . The competition pits swimming stars from two nations to see which is the best across a series of events . The concept was revealed by USA Swimming in 2003 as a way to develop the rivalry between the world 's two largest swimming powerhouse nations : Australia and the United States . Following three consecutive American victories , the format was discontinued in favor of a matchup between Americans and an all-star team from various European nations . The event has been compared to golf 's Ryder Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "48.90", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kliment Kolesnikov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kliment_Kolesnikov", "summary": "Kliment Andreyevich Kolesnikov ( Russian : Климент Андреевич Колесников ; born 9 July 2000 ) is a Russian swimmer . He holds world junior records in nine events : 50/100/200 back in long course , as well as 100/200 free , 50/100/200 back and 100 IM in short course . He made his debut at the 2017 World Aquatics Championships , where he competed in three backstroke events and set two world junior records . In December 2017 , he set a short course 100m backstroke world record at Vladimir Salnikov Cup , becoming the first swimmer born in the 2000s to hold a world record in an individual event . He won a total of six medals ( 3 gold , 2 silver and 1 bronze ) at the 2018 European Championships and established a new 50m backstroke world record . At the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics , Kolesnikov was chosen the flag bearer for Russia . He won a total of six gold medals there ." } ] }, { "value": "December 22 , 2017", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saint Petersburg , RUS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saint_Petersburg", "summary": "Saint Petersburg ( Russian : Санкт-Петербу́рг , tr . Sankt-Peterburg , IPA : [ ˈsankt pʲɪtʲɪrˈburk ] ( listen ) ) , formerly and still commonly known as Leningrad ( Russian : Ленинград ) is a city situated on the Neva River , at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea . It is Russia 's second-largest city after Moscow . With over 5,351,935 million inhabitants as of 2018 , it is the fourth-most populous city in Europe . An important Russian port on the Baltic Sea , it has a status of a federal subject ( a federal city ) . The city was founded by Tsar Peter the Great on 27 May [ O.S . 16 May ] 1703 , on the site of a captured Swedish fortress . It served as a capital of Russian Tsardom and the subsequent Russian Empire from 1713 to 1918 ( being replaced by Moscow for a short period of time between 1728 and 1730 ) . After the October Revolution , the Bolsheviks moved their government to Moscow . In modern times , Saint Petersburg is considered the Northern Capital and serves as a home to some federal government bodies such as the Constitutional Court of Russia and the Heraldic Council of the President of the Russian Federation . It is also a seat for the National Library of Russia and a planned location for the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation . The Historic Centre of Saint Petersburg and Related Groups of Monuments constitute a UNESCO World Heritage Site , so it 's also referred to as Russia 's Culture Capital ." } ] }, { "value": "48.88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Xu Jiayu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Xu_Jiayu", "summary": "Xu Jiayu ( Chinese : 徐嘉余 ; born 19 August 1995 ) is a Chinese competitive swimmer who specializes in the backstroke . He is the Olympic Silver medalist ( 2016 Rio de Janeiro ) and twice consecutive world champion ( 2017 Budapest and 2019 Gwangju ) in the 100 meters backstroke ." } ] }, { "value": "November 11 , 2018", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tokyo , JPN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tokyo", "summary": "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Men -- Short course", "section_text": "", "uid": "World_record_progression_100_metres_backstroke_1", "intro": "This is a history of the 100 m backstroke world record as swum in both long-course (50 m; Olympic) pools and short-course (25 m) pools - the two categories recognized/tracked by FINA." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Campbell_Moore", "title": "Stephen Campbell Moore", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Role", "Network", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Byron", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Byron_(film)", "summary": "Byron is a British television film based on the adult life of English poet Lord Byron . Written by Nick Dear and directed by Julian Farino , it features Jonny Lee Miller in the title role alongside Vanessa Redgrave who portrays Lady Melbourne . It was first aired by the BBC in two , 75 minute parts in September 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "John Cam Hobhouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Hobhouse,_1st_Baron_Broughton", "summary": "John Cam Hobhouse , 1st Baron Broughton , GCB , PC , FRS ( 27 June 1786 - 3 June 1869 ) , known as Sir John Hobhouse , Bt , from 1831 to 1851 , was an English politician and diarist ." } ] }, { "value": "BBC Two", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_Two", "summary": "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ." } ] }, { "value": "Two-part drama", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "He Knew He Was Right", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/He_Knew_He_Was_Right_(TV_serial)", "summary": "He Knew He Was Right is a 2004 BBC TV adaptation of the Anthony Trollope novel He Knew He Was Right . It was directed by Tom Vaughan from a screenplay by Andrew Davies , produced by Nigel Stafford-Clark and starred Oliver Dimsdale , Laura Fraser , and Bill Nighy . It was originally broadcast on the BBC in four hourly episodes ." } ] }, { "value": "Hugh Stanbury", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_One", "summary": "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ." } ] }, { "value": "Mini-series", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wallis & Edward", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wallis_&_Edward", "summary": "Wallis & Edward ( in Canada also known as Her Royal Affair ) is a 2005 British television film , scripted by Sarah Williams , dramatising the events of the Edward VIII abdication crisis . It was billed as the first scripted account of the romance between Wallis Simpson and Edward VIII of the United Kingdom to view events from Wallis Simpson 's point of view . Joely Richardson played Wallis , and Steven Campbell Moore played Edward ." } ] }, { "value": "Edward VIII", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edward_VIII", "summary": "Edward VIII , later Prince Edward , Duke of Windsor ( Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David ; 23 June 1894 - 28 May 1972 ) , was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Empire , and Emperor of India , from 20 January 1936 until his abdication on 11 December of that year . Edward was born during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York , later King George V and Queen Mary . He was created Prince of Wales on his sixteenth birthday , nine weeks after his father succeeded as king . As a young man , Edward served in the British Army during the First World War and undertook several overseas tours on behalf of his father . While Prince of Wales , he engaged in a series of affairs that worried his father and the British Prime Minister , Stanley Baldwin . Edward became king on his father 's death . As king , he showed impatience with court protocol , and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions . Only months into his reign , he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing to Wallis Simpson , an American who had divorced her first husband and was seeking a divorce from her second . The prime ministers of the United Kingdom and the Dominions opposed the marriage , arguing a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was politically and socially unacceptable as a prospective queen consort . Additionally , such a marriage would have conflicted with Edward 's status as the titular head of the Church of England , which at the time disapproved of remarriage after divorce if a former spouse was still alive . Edward knew the Baldwin government would resign if the marriage went ahead , which could have forced a general election and would have ruined his status as a politically neutral constitutional monarch . When it became apparent he could not marry Wallis and remain on the throne , he abdicated ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hustle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hustle_(TV_series)", "summary": "Hustle is a British television crime drama series starring Adrian Lester , Robert Glenister and Robert Vaughn . Created by Tony Jordan , it was produced by Kudos Film and Television , and broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom . The show premiered on 24 February 2004 , and ran for eight series , with its final episode aired on 17 February 2012 . The show 's premise is on a group of con artists who specialise in long cons - extended forms of deceptive frauds that require greater commitment , but offer higher rewards than simple confidence tricks . The show 's most notable qualities are plots that involve behind-the-scenes action that the viewers are unaware of until near the end of an episode , along with fantasy scenes and occasional breaches of the fourth wall by the main actors . The show received favourable reviews from critics , and averaged around 6 million viewers within each series ." } ] }, { "value": "Quenton Cornfoot", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Series 3 , Episode 3 Ties That Bind Us", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Hustle_episodes", "summary": "Hustle is a British television drama series made by Kudos Film & Television for BBC One in the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rough Crossings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rough_Crossings", "summary": "Rough Crossings : Britain , the Slaves and the American Revolution is a history book by Simon Schama . It was the 2006 National Book Critics Circle Award winner for general nonfiction . A 2007 drama-documentary was based on it ." } ] }, { "value": "John Clarkson", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Sea Wolf", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Humphrey Van Weyden", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mini-series", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lark Rise to Candleford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lark_Rise_to_Candleford_(TV_series)", "summary": "Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series , adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson 's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside , published between 1939 and 1943 . The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD in the UK . In the U.S. , the series began airing on select PBS stations in the spring of 2009 . A third series began airing in the UK on 10 January 2010 . The fourth and final series began on 9 January 2011 on BBC One and BBC One HD , and was filmed during August 2010 . It was announced on 22 January 2011 that the show would not be returning for a fifth series . The final series concluded on 13 February 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "James Delafield", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Series 1 , Episode 8", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lark_Rise_to_Candleford_(TV_series)", "summary": "Lark Rise to Candleford is a British television costume drama series , adapted by the BBC from Flora Thompson 's trilogy of semi-autobiographical novels about the English countryside , published between 1939 and 1943 . The first episode aired on 13 January 2008 on BBC One and BBC HD in the UK . In the U.S. , the series began airing on select PBS stations in the spring of 2009 . A third series began airing in the UK on 10 January 2010 . The fourth and final series began on 9 January 2011 on BBC One and BBC One HD , and was filmed during August 2010 . It was announced on 22 January 2011 that the show would not be returning for a fifth series . The final series concluded on 13 February 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ashes to Ashes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ashes_to_Ashes_(TV_series)", "summary": "Ashes to Ashes is a British crime drama and police procedural drama television series , serving as the sequel to Life on Mars . The series began airing on BBC One in February 2008 . A second series began broadcasting in April 2009 . A third and final series was broadcast from 2 April to 21 May 2010 on BBC One and BBC HD ." } ] }, { "value": "Evan White", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Ashes_to_Ashes_characters", "summary": "This is a list of fictional characters that have appeared in BBC One 's science fiction/police procedural drama , Ashes to Ashes ." } ] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Series 1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Ashes_to_Ashes_episodes", "summary": "Ashes to Ashes is a British science fiction/police procedural drama television series , serving as a spin-off from the original series , Life on Mars . The transmission dates given below refer to the original UK broadcast on BBC One ." } ] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Short Stay in Switzerland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Short_Stay_in_Switzerland", "summary": "A Short Stay in Switzerland is a 2009 British television film directed by Simon Curtis and written by Frank McGuinness . It stars Julie Walters , who won the International Emmy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Dr Anne Turner . It was produced by the BBC and was later released on DVD in regions 1 and 2 . It was also nominated for other numerous awards including the BAFTA Award for Best Single TV Drama and Best Actress ." } ] }, { "value": "Edward", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "TV film", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ben Hur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ben_Hur_(miniseries)", "summary": "Ben Hur is a TV miniseries that first aired in 2010 . Based on Lew Wallace 's 1880 novel , Ben-Hur : A Tale of the Christ , the series was produced by Alchemy Television Group in association with Drimtim Entertainment and Muse Entertainment in Montreal . It aired on Canada 's CBC network on April 4 , 2010 , and aired later in 2010 on ABC in the United States . Ben-Hur was directed by Steve Shill , and stars Kristin Kreuk , Ray Winstone , Art Malik , Hugh Bonneville and Joseph Morgan as Judah Ben-Hur . The film was written by Alan Sharp ." } ] }, { "value": "Messala", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pulse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nick", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC Three", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_Three", "summary": "BBC Three was a British free-to-air television channel operated by the British Broadcasting Corporation . Launched on 9 February 2003 as a replacement for BBC Choice , the service 's remit was to provide innovative programming to a target audience of viewers between 16 and 34 years old , leveraging technology as well as new talent . Unlike its commercial rivals , 90% of BBC Three 's output originated from the United Kingdom . 70% was original , covering all genres , including animation , comedy , current affairs , and drama . BBC Three had a unique 60 Seconds format for its news bulletins , adopted so that operation of the channel could be completely automated , without the complication of dealing with variable-length live news broadcasts . The former controller of the station , Zai Bennett , left to join Sky Atlantic in July 2014 , at which point BBC Three commissioner Sam Bickley became acting controller . Until March 2016 , the network broadcast on Freeview , digital cable , IPTV and Satellite television platforms , and was on-air from 7 pm to around 4 am each night to share terrestrial television bandwidth with CBBC . In March 2014 , as a result of a planned £100 million budget cut across the BBC , it was proposed that BBC Three be discontinued as an 'open ' television service , and be converted to an over-the-top Internet television service with a smaller programming budget and a focus on short-form productions . Despite significant public opposition , the proposal was provisionally approved by the BBC Trust in June 2015 , with a new consultation open until 30 September of that year . The TV channel ceased operations on 16 February 2016 , replaced by an online-only version ." } ] }, { "value": "Pilot", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Just Henry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Just_Henry", "summary": "Just Henry is a 2011 television film based on the 2008 Costa Book Award novel , Just Henry by Michelle Magorian ." } ] }, { "value": "Joseph Dodge", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ITV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)", "summary": "ITV is a British free-to-air television network with its headquarters in London . It was launched in 1955 as Independent Television , under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority ( ITA ) ( later the Independent Broadcasting Authority , after the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 , and currently Ofcom ) , to provide competition to BBC Television which had been established in 1932 . ITV is the oldest commercial network in the UK . Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 , its legal name has been Channel 3 , to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time , namely BBC 1 , BBC 2 and Channel 4 . In part , the number 3 was assigned because television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional ITV station would be on the third button , with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . ITV is a network of television companies that operate regional television services and also share programmes between each other to be shown on the entire network . In recent years , several of these companies have merged , so currently the fifteen regional franchises are in the hands of two companies . The ITV network is to be distinguished from ITV plc , the company that resulted from the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004 and which holds the Channel 3 broadcasting licences in England , Wales , southern Scotland , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland . With the exception of Northern Ireland , the ITV brand is the brand used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas . In Northern Ireland , ITV plc uses the brand name UTV . STV Group plc uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "TV film", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Titanic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Titanic_(2012_miniseries)", "summary": "Titanic is a four-part television miniseries and period drama written by Julian Fellowes . It is based on the passenger liner RMS Titanic , which sank in the North Atlantic Ocean in April 1912 following a collision with an iceberg on her maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City . It was released in at least 86 countries in March and April 2012 for the disaster 's 100th anniversary , 15 April 2012 , one of two such productions . The other was Titanic : Blood and Steel ( April 2012 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Thomas Andrews", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Andrews", "summary": "Thomas Andrews Jr. ( 7 February 1873 - 15 April 1912 ) was a British businessman and shipbuilder . He was managing director and head of the drafting department of the shipbuilding company Harland and Wolff in Belfast , Ireland . As the naval architect in charge of the plans for the ocean liner RMS Titanic , he was travelling on board the vessel during her transatlantic maiden voyage in 1912 . He perished along with more than 1,500 others when the ship sank after hitting an iceberg . If recovered , his body was never identified ." } ] }, { "value": "ITV", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)", "summary": "ITV is a British free-to-air television network with its headquarters in London . It was launched in 1955 as Independent Television , under the auspices of the Independent Television Authority ( ITA ) ( later the Independent Broadcasting Authority , after the Sound Broadcasting Act 1972 , and currently Ofcom ) , to provide competition to BBC Television which had been established in 1932 . ITV is the oldest commercial network in the UK . Since the passing of the Broadcasting Act 1990 , its legal name has been Channel 3 , to distinguish it from the other analogue channels at the time , namely BBC 1 , BBC 2 and Channel 4 . In part , the number 3 was assigned because television sets would usually be tuned so that the regional ITV station would be on the third button , with the other stations being allocated to the number within their name . ITV is a network of television companies that operate regional television services and also share programmes between each other to be shown on the entire network . In recent years , several of these companies have merged , so currently the fifteen regional franchises are in the hands of two companies . The ITV network is to be distinguished from ITV plc , the company that resulted from the merger of Granada plc and Carlton Communications in 2004 and which holds the Channel 3 broadcasting licences in England , Wales , southern Scotland , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands and Northern Ireland . With the exception of Northern Ireland , the ITV brand is the brand used by ITV plc for the Channel 3 service in these areas . In Northern Ireland , ITV plc uses the brand name UTV . STV Group plc uses the STV brand for its two franchises of central and northern Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "Mini-series", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics_opening_ceremony", "summary": "The opening ceremony of the 2012 Summer Olympics took place on the evening of Friday 27 July 2012 in the Olympic Stadium , London . As mandated by the Olympic Charter , the proceedings combined the formal ceremonial opening of this international sporting event ( including welcoming speeches , hoisting of the flags and the parade of athletes ) with an artistic spectacle to showcase the host nation 's culture . The 2012 Games were formally opened by Queen Elizabeth II . The spectacle was entitled Isles of Wonder and directed by Academy Award-winning British film director Danny Boyle . Prior to London 2012 there had been considerable apprehension about Britain 's ability to stage an opening ceremony that could reach the standard set at the Beijing Summer Games of 2008 . The 2008 ceremony had been noted for its scale , extravagance and expense , hailed as the greatest ever , and had cost £65m . In contrast , London spent an estimated £27m ( out of £80m budgeted for its four ceremonies ) , which was nevertheless about twice the original budget . Nonetheless , the London opening ceremony was immediately seen as a tremendous success , widely praised as a masterpiece and a love letter to Britain . The ceremony began at 21:00 BST and lasted almost four hours . It was watched by an estimated worldwide television audience of 900 million , becoming the most-viewed Olympic opening ceremony in both the UK and US . The content had largely been kept secret before the performance , despite involving thousands of volunteers and two public rehearsals . The principal sections of the artistic display represented Britain 's Industrial Revolution , National Health Service , literary heritage , popular music and culture , and were noted for their vibrant storytelling and use of music ." } ] }, { "value": "Chariots of fire scene", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_One", "summary": "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ." } ] }, { "value": "Televised Event", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hunted", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hunted_(2012_TV_series)", "summary": "Hunted is a 2012 British television drama series created and written by Frank Spotnitz and produced by Kudos and Big Light Productions for British broadcaster BBC , for its main channel BBC One and American premium cable broadcaster Cinemax . The series premiered on Thursday 4 October 2012 on BBC One and on Friday 19 October 2012 on Cinemax ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephen Turner", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_One", "summary": "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ." } ] }, { "value": "Mini Series", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Complicit", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Complicit_(film)", "summary": "Complicit is a 2013 British television film , produced by Many Rivers Films for Channel 4 . It was directed by Niall MacCormick , written by Guy Hibbert , and produced by Jolyon Symonds and Kevin Toolis . David Oyelowo plays an MI5 officer who travels to Egypt to question a young man he believes is planning a terrorist attack using ricin ." } ] }, { "value": "Tony Coveney", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Channel 4", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Channel_4", "summary": "Channel 4 is a British public-service free-to-air television network headquartered in Leeds , United Kingdom . The channel was established to provide a fourth television service to the United Kingdom in addition to the licence-funded BBC One and BBC Two , and the single commercial broadcasting network ITV . It began transmission on 2 November 1982 . Although largely commercially self-funded , it is ultimately publicly owned ; originally a subsidiary of the Independent Broadcasting Authority ( IBA ) , the station is now owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation , a public corporation of the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , which was established in 1990 and came into operation in 1993 . In 2010 , Channel 4 extended service into Wales and became a UK-wide television channel ." } ] }, { "value": "TV film", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Wrong Mans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Wrong_Mans_(UK_TV_series)", "summary": "The Wrong Mans is a British BBC Television comedy drama series , co-produced with the American online television provider Hulu . It premiered on BBC Two on 24 September 2013 and in the United States on 11 November 2013 . Considered a critical and ratings success , it was co-created and written by Gavin & Stacey alumni James Corden and Mathew Baynton as an attempt to combine the situation comedy format with the intricate plotting and storytelling tropes of an action-adventure series . A two-part sequel series aired on BBC Two in the runup to Christmas 2014 , with Hulu broadcasting the same series in four parts on Christmas Eve . In 2018 , it was announced that an American remake of the show was being produced for Showtime by J. J. Abrams 's Bad Robot and BBC Studios . Although it was later announced that the pilot had been cancelled by Showtime ." } ] }, { "value": "Smoke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC Two", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_Two", "summary": "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ." } ] }, { "value": "Series 1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Words of Everest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "George Mallory", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Mallory", "summary": "George Herbert Leigh Mallory ( 18 June 1886 - 8 or 9 June 1924 ) :546-47 was an English mountaineer who took part in the first three British expeditions to Mount Everest , in the early 1920s . During the 1924 British Mount Everest expedition , Mallory and his climbing partner , Andrew Sandy Irvine , disappeared on the north-east ridge during their attempt to make the first ascent of the world 's highest mountain . The pair were last seen when they were about 800 vertical feet ( 245 m ) from the summit . Mallory 's ultimate fate was unknown for 75 years , until his body was discovered on 1 May 1999 by an expedition that had set out to search for the climbers ' remains . Whether Mallory and Irvine had reached the summit before they died remains a subject of speculation and continuing research ." } ] }, { "value": "BBC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC", "summary": "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Our Zoo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Our_Zoo", "summary": "Our Zoo is a British drama television series from BBC One , first broadcast on 3 September 2014 . The six-part series , written by Matt Charman and directed by Andy De Emmony , is about George Mottershead , his dreams of creating a cage-free zoo , his family and how their lives changed when they embarked on the creation of Chester Zoo ." } ] }, { "value": "Reverend Aaron Webb", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_One", "summary": "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Go-Between", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Go-Between_(2015_film)", "summary": "The Go-Between is a 2015 British romantic drama film based on the 1953 novel The Go-Between by L. P. Hartley . It was filmed at Englefield House in Berkshire ." } ] }, { "value": "Viscount Hugh Trimingham", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC_One", "summary": "BBC One ( or BBC1 and BBC 1 ) is the first and flagship television channel of the BBC in the United Kingdom , Isle of Man and Channel Islands . It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service , and was the world 's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution . It was renamed BBC TV in 1960 , using this name until the launch of the second BBC channel BBC2 in 1964 , whereupon the BBC TV channel became known as BBC1 , with the current spelling adopted in 1997 . The channel 's annual budget for 2012-13 was £1.14 billion . The channel is funded by the television licence fee together with the BBC 's other domestic television stations , and shows uninterrupted programming without commercial advertising . It is currently the most watched television channel in the United Kingdom , ahead of its traditional rival for ratings leadership , ITV . As of June 2013 [ update ] , the channel is headed by Charlotte Moore , the BBC 's Director of Content ." } ] }, { "value": "TV film", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Credits -- Television", "section_text": "", "uid": "Stephen_Campbell_Moore_2", "intro": "Stephen Campbell Moore (born Stephen Moore Thorpe; 30 November 1977) is an English actor, best known for his roles in the Alan Bennett play The History Boys and the film based on it." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_United_States_Congress", "title": "11th United States Congress", "header": [ "State ( class )", "Vacator", "Reason for change", "Successor", "Date of successor 's formal installation" ], "data": [ { "value": "Ohio ( 3 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Ohio", "summary": "Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 and elects U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 3 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrat Sherrod Brown ( serving since 2007 ) and Republican Rob Portman ( serving since 2011 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split United States Senate delegation ." } ] }, { "value": "Vacant", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edward Tiffin ( DR ) resigned at the end of the previous Congress . Successor was appointed to continue the term", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edward_Tiffin", "summary": "Edward Tiffin ( June 19 , 1766 - August 9 , 1829 ) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio , and first Governor of the state ." } ] }, { "value": "Stanley Griswold ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stanley_Griswold", "summary": "Stanley Griswold ( November 14 , 1763 - August 21 , 1815 ) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio . He served in the U.S. Senate . Born in Torrington , Connecticut , Griswold served in the militia during the Revolutionary War . After graduating from Yale College in 1786 , he taught for a time in Norwich , and began studying Theology in 1787 . In 1789 he was called to the First Congregational Church in New Milford , Connecticut , where he preached until 1802 . In 1803 he went to Walpole , New Hampshire , as editor of the new Democratic newspaper The Political Observatory . Griswold continued with the paper until the spring of 1805 when he received the appointment of Secretary to the new Territory of Michigan from President Thomas Jefferson . He served as the first territorial secretary of Michigan Territory from 1805-1808 . In 1806 , while serving as acting governor in the absence of Governor William Hull , Griswold ordered the erection of Fort Croghan , also known as Fort Nonsense , to protect livestock from raids by Native Americans . Griswold Street in Detroit is named in his honor . His tenure ended largely due to disagreements with the Governor , who accused Griswold of causing dissension between the Governor and the militia . In January 1808 , Griswold lost a trial , which has been characterized as a farce , and was obliged to pay a penalty of $ 1,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated May 18 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Jersey ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Jersey", "summary": "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from New Jersey . Since the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , U.S. senators are popularly elected for a six-year term beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the New Jersey Legislature , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . The state 's current Senators are Democrats Bob Menendez ( serving since 2006 ) and Cory Booker ( serving since 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Aaron Kitchell ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aaron_Kitchell", "summary": "Aaron Kitchell ( July 10 , 1744 - June 25 , 1820 ) was a blacksmith and politician from Hanover Township , New Jersey . He represented New Jersey in both the United States House of Representatives and the Senate . Born in Hanover , he attended the common schools and became a blacksmith . He was a member of the New Jersey General Assembly in 1781-1782 , 1784 , 1786-1790 , 1793-1794 , 1797 , 1801-1804 , and 1809. and was elected to the Second Congress ( March 4 , 1791 - March 3 , 1793 ) . He was elected to the Third Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Abraham Clark and was reelected to the Fourth Congress , serving from January 29 , 1795 , to March 3 , 1797 . He resumed his former business activities , and was elected to the Sixth Congress ( March 4 , 1799 - March 3 , 1801 ) . He was then elected as a Democratic Republican to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4 , 1805 , to March 12 , 1809 , when he resigned Kitchell died in Hanover on June 25 , 1820 , and was interred there in the churchyard of the Presbyterian Church ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned March 12 , 1809 . Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Condit ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Condit", "summary": "John Condict a.k.a . Condit ( July 8 , 1755 - May 4 , 1834 ) was a United States Representative and a United States Senator from New Jersey and father of United States Representative Silas Condit . John Condict was born in Orange , New Jersey and after attending public schools he then studied medicine . Condict went on to serve as a surgeon in the American Revolutionary War . He became one of the founders and a trustee of the Orange Academy in 1785 ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated March 21 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tennessee ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Tennessee", "summary": "Tennessee was admitted to the Union on June 1 , 1796 . Its United States Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1862 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1866 . Tennessee 's current Senators are Republicans Lamar Alexander and Marsha Blackburn ." } ] }, { "value": "Daniel Smith ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daniel_Smith_(surveyor)", "summary": "Daniel Smith ( October 29 , 1748 - June 16 , 1818 ) was a surveyor , an American Revolutionary War patriot , and twice a United States Senator from Tennessee ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned March 31 , 1809 . Successor was elected April 11 , 1809 to finish the term", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jenkin Whiteside ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jenkin_Whiteside", "summary": "Jenkin Whiteside ( 1772 - September 25 , 1822 ) was an attorney who served as a United States Senator from Tennessee ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated April 11 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rhode Island ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Rhode_Island", "summary": "Rhode Island ratified the United States Constitution on May 29 , 1790 and elects its U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 2 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Jack Reed ( since 1997 ) and Sheldon Whitehouse ( since 2007 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Francis Malbone ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Francis_Malbone", "summary": "Francis Malbone ( March 20 , 1759 - June 4 , 1809 ) was an American merchant from Newport , Rhode Island . He held the rank of captain in the Rhode Island Militia and served as the commanding officer of the Artillery Company of Newport from 1792 until his death . He represented Rhode Island in the U.S. House from March 4 , 1793 until March 3 , 1797 and served briefly as a Federalist in the United States Senate from March 4 , 1809 to his death three months later . He died on the steps of the Capitol building in Washington , D.C. and is buried in the Congressional Cemetery in that city ." } ] }, { "value": "Died June 4 , 1809 . Successor was elected to finish the term", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christopher G. Champlin ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christopher_G._Champlin", "summary": "Christopher Grant Champlin ( April 12 , 1768 - March 18 , 1840 ) was a United States Representative and Senator from Rhode Island ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated June 26 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Delaware ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Delaware", "summary": "Below is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Delaware . U.S. senators were originally elected by the Delaware General Assembly for designated six-year terms beginning March 4 . Frequently portions of the term would remain only upon a U.S. senator 's death or resignation . From 1914 and the enforcement of the Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution , adopted in 1913 , officeholders were popularly elected on the first Tuesday after November 1 ; starting 1935 , the beginning of their term is January 3 . Delaware 's current U.S. senators are Democrats Tom Carper ( serving since 2001 ) and Chris Coons ( serving since 2010 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Samuel White ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Samuel_White_(U.S._politician)", "summary": "Samuel White ( December 1770 - November 4 , 1809 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington , in New Castle County , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served as U.S . Senator from Delaware ." } ] }, { "value": "Died November 4 , 1809 . Successor was appointed to continue the term and subsequently elected to finish the term", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Outerbridge Horsey ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outerbridge_Horsey", "summary": "Outerbridge Horsey III ( March 5 , 1777 - June 9 , 1842 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Wilmington , Delaware . He was a member of the Federalist Party , who served in the Delaware General Assembly , as Attorney General of Delaware ( 1806-1810 ) and as United States Senator from Delaware ( 1810-1821 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated January 12 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Georgia ( 3 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Georgia", "summary": "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Georgia . Georgia has had Senators since the 1st Congress . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in March 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from February 1871 . United States senators are popularly elected , for a six-year term , beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the Georgia General Assembly , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . Rebecca Latimer Felton was the first female U.S. senator . She served in the U.S. Senate from Georgia for one day in 1922 , following appointment due to the death of Thomas E. Watson ." } ] }, { "value": "John Milledge ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Milledge", "summary": "John Milledge ( 1757 - February 9 , 1818 ) was an American politician . He fought in the American Revolution and later served as United States Representative , 26th Governor of Georgia , and United States Senator . Milledge was a founder of Athens , Georgia , and the University of Georgia ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned November 14 , 1809 . Successor was elected to finish the term", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles Tait ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_Tait", "summary": "Charles Tait ( February 1 , 1768 - October 7 , 1835 ) was a United States Senator from Georgia and a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Alabama , the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama and the United States District Court for the Southern District of Alabama ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated November 27 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ohio ( 3 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Ohio", "summary": "Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 and elects U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 3 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrat Sherrod Brown ( serving since 2007 ) and Republican Rob Portman ( serving since 2011 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split United States Senate delegation ." } ] }, { "value": "Stanley Griswold ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stanley_Griswold", "summary": "Stanley Griswold ( November 14 , 1763 - August 21 , 1815 ) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio . He served in the U.S. Senate . Born in Torrington , Connecticut , Griswold served in the militia during the Revolutionary War . After graduating from Yale College in 1786 , he taught for a time in Norwich , and began studying Theology in 1787 . In 1789 he was called to the First Congregational Church in New Milford , Connecticut , where he preached until 1802 . In 1803 he went to Walpole , New Hampshire , as editor of the new Democratic newspaper The Political Observatory . Griswold continued with the paper until the spring of 1805 when he received the appointment of Secretary to the new Territory of Michigan from President Thomas Jefferson . He served as the first territorial secretary of Michigan Territory from 1805-1808 . In 1806 , while serving as acting governor in the absence of Governor William Hull , Griswold ordered the erection of Fort Croghan , also known as Fort Nonsense , to protect livestock from raids by Native Americans . Griswold Street in Detroit is named in his honor . His tenure ended largely due to disagreements with the Governor , who accused Griswold of causing dissension between the Governor and the militia . In January 1808 , Griswold lost a trial , which has been characterized as a farce , and was obliged to pay a penalty of $ 1,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Appointee was not elected to finish the term . Successor elected December 11 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alexander Campbell ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Campbell_(American_politician)", "summary": "Alexander Campbell ( 1779 - November 5 , 1857 ) was a National Republican politician from Ohio . He served in the United States Senate . Born in Frederick County , Virginia , Campbell moved to eastern Tennessee and then to Kentucky with his parents . After studying medicine at Transylvania University , Campbell moved to Ohio in 1803 , settling in Adams County a year later . He served in the Ohio House of Representatives from 1807 until 1809-12-12 , when he resigned his position to be a U.S . Senator . An early anti-slavery campaigner , he had been unsuccessful in his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in 1808 , but won a special election to the state 's other seat a few months later and served from 1809 to 1813 . He again served in the State House in 1819 and from 1832 to 1833 , and in the Ohio State Senate from 1822 to 1824 . He ran unsuccessfully for the governorship in 1826 . Ohio Presidential elector in 1820 for James Monroe . Ohio Presidential elector in 1836 for William Henry Harrison ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated December 11 , 1809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kentucky ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Kentucky", "summary": "This is a list of United States senators from Kentucky . The state 's Senators belong to Classes 2 and 3 . Kentucky is currently represented in the U.S. Senate by Republicans Mitch McConnell ( serving since 1985 ) and Rand Paul ( serving since 2011 ) . Currently on his sixth term in office , McConnell is Kentucky 's longest serving Senator and has also been the Republican Leader of the United States Senate since 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Buckner Thruston ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Buckner_Thruston", "summary": "Buckner Thruston ( February 9 , 1763 - August 30 , 1845 ) was a United States Senator from Kentucky and a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia ." } ] }, { "value": "Appointed judge of the US District Court of the District of Columbia December 18 , 1809", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Circuit_Court_of_the_District_of_Columbia", "summary": "The United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia ( in case citations , C.C.D.C . ) is a former United States federal court , which existed from 1801 to 1863 . The court was created by the District of Columbia Organic Act of 1801 ." } ] }, { "value": "Henry Clay ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henry_Clay", "summary": "Henry Clay Sr. ( April 12 , 1777 - June 29 , 1852 ) was an American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and United States House of Representatives , served as seventh speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives , and served as the ninth U.S. secretary of state . He received electoral votes for president in the 1824 , 1832 , and 1844 presidential elections and helped found both the National Republican Party and the Whig Party . For his role in defusing sectional crises , he earned the appellation of the Great Compromiser . Clay was born in Hanover County , Virginia in 1777 and launched a legal career in Lexington , Kentucky , in 1797 . As a member of the Democratic-Republican Party , Clay won election to the Kentucky state legislature in 1803 and to the U.S. House of Representatives in 1810 . He was chosen as speaker of the House in early 1811 and , along with President James Madison , led the United States into the War of 1812 against Britain . In 1814 , he helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent , which brought an end to the War of 1812 . After the war , Clay returned to his position as speaker of the House and developed the American System , which called for federal infrastructure investments , support for the national bank , and protective tariff rates . In 1820 , he helped bring an end to a sectional crisis over slavery by leading the passage of the Missouri Compromise . Clay finished with the fourth-most electoral votes in the multi-candidate 1824 presidential election , and he helped John Quincy Adams win the contingent election held to select the president . President Adams appointed Clay to the prestigious position of secretary of state ; critics alleged that the two had agreed to a corrupt bargain . Despite receiving support from Clay and other National Republicans , Adams was defeated by Democrat Andrew Jackson in the 1828 presidential election ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated November 4 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Hampshire ( 3 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_New_Hampshire", "summary": "New Hampshire 's current senators are Democrats Jeanne Shaheen and Maggie Hassan . Senator Shaheen is currently serving her second term , and Senator Hassan is currently serving her first term in the United States Senate ." } ] }, { "value": "Nahum Parker ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nahum_Parker", "summary": "Nahum Parker ( March 4 , 1760 - November 12 , 1839 ) was a United States Senator from New Hampshire . Parker was born in Shrewsbury , Massachusetts . During the Revolutionary War he served in the Continental Army at the Battle of Saratoga in 1777 . He settled in Fitzwilliam , New Hampshire in 1786 , was a member of the board of selectmen from 1790 to 1794 and clerk and town treasurer from 1792 to 1815 . Parker was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1794 to 1804 and in 1806-1807 ; in 1804 and 1805 he was a member of the Governor 's council . He was elected as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4 , 1807 , to June 1 , 1810 , when he resigned . From 1807 to 1813 , Parker was a justice of the Court of Common Pleas for Cheshire and Sullivan Counties . He was associate justice of the western circuit from 1813 to 1816 and a judge of the court of sessions of Cheshire County in 1821 and of the court of common pleas of Hillsborough County in 1822 . He was a member of the New Hampshire Senate and its president in 1828 . Parker died in Fitzwilliam , New Hampshire in 1839 , aged 79 , and was interred in the Town Cemetery ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned June 1 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles Cutts ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_Cutts", "summary": "Charles Cutts ( January 31 , 1769 - January 25 , 1846 ) was an attorney and politician from New Hampshire . Among the offices in which he served were Speaker of the New Hampshire House of Representatives , United States Senator and Secretary of the United States Senate ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated June 21 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Connecticut ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Connecticut", "summary": "This is a chronological listing of the United States senators from Connecticut . United States senators are popularly elected , for a six-year term , beginning January 3 . Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1 . Before 1914 , they were chosen by the Connecticut General Assembly , and before 1935 , their terms began March 4 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrats Richard Blumenthal ( serving since 2011 ) and Chris Murphy ( serving since 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "James Hillhouse ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Hillhouse", "summary": "James Hillhouse ( October 20 , 1754 - December 29 , 1832 ) was an American lawyer , real estate developer , and politician from New Haven , Connecticut . He represented the state in both chambers of the US Congress ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned June 10 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Samuel W. Dana ( F )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Samuel_W._Dana", "summary": "Samuel Whittlesey Dana ( February 13 , 1760 - July 21 , 1830 ) was an American lawyer and politician from Middletown , Connecticut . He represented Connecticut in both the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated December 4 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ohio ( 1 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_Ohio", "summary": "Ohio was admitted to the Union on March 1 , 1803 and elects U.S. senators to Class 1 and Class 3 . Its current U.S. senators are Democrat Sherrod Brown ( serving since 2007 ) and Republican Rob Portman ( serving since 2011 ) , making it one of nine states to have a split United States Senate delegation ." } ] }, { "value": "Return J. Meigs , Jr. ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Return_J._Meigs,_Jr.", "summary": "Return Jonathan Meigs Jr. ( /ˈmɛɡz/ ; November 17 , 1764 - March 29 , 1825 ) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio . He served as the fourth Governor of Ohio , fifth United States Postmaster General , and as a United States Senator ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned on or before December 10 , 1810 , to become Governor of Ohio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Governor_of_Ohio", "summary": "The governor of the State of Ohio is the head of the executive branch of the government of Ohio and the commander-in-chief of the U.S. state 's military forces . The officeholder has a duty to enforce state laws , the power to either approve or veto bills passed by the Ohio General Assembly , the power to convene the legislature and the power to grant pardons , except in cases of treason and impeachment . There have been 63 governors of Ohio , serving 69 distinct terms . The longest term was held by Jim Rhodes , who was elected four times and served just under sixteen years in two non-consecutive periods of two terms each ( 1963-1971 and 1975-1983 ) . The shortest terms were held by John William Brown and Nancy Hollister , who each served for only 11 days after the governors preceding them resigned in order to begin the terms to which they had been elected in the United States Senate ; the shortest-serving elected governor was John M. Pattison , who died in office five months into his term . The current governor is Republican Mike DeWine , who took office on January 14 , 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Thomas Worthington ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Worthington_(governor)", "summary": "Thomas Worthington ( July 16 , 1773 - June 20 , 1827 ) was a Democratic-Republican politician from Ohio . He served as the sixth Governor of Ohio ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated December 15 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "South Carolina ( 2 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senators_from_South_Carolina", "summary": "South Carolina ratified the United States Constitution on May 23 , 1788 . Its Senate seats were declared vacant in July 1861 owing to its secession from the Union . They were again filled from July 1868 . The state 's current U.S. senators are Republicans Lindsey Graham , serving since 2003 , and Tim Scott , serving since 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Thomas Sumter ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Sumter", "summary": "Thomas Sumter ( August 14 , 1734 - June 1 , 1832 ) was a soldier in the Colony of Virginia militia ; a brigadier general in the South Carolina militia during the American War of Independence , a planter , and a politician . After the United States gained independence , he was elected to the United States House of Representatives and to the United States Senate , where he served from 1801 to 1810 , when he retired . Sumter was nicknamed the Carolina Gamecock for his fierce fighting style against British soldiers after they burned down his house during the Revolution ." } ] }, { "value": "Resigned December 16 , 1810", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Taylor ( DR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Taylor_(1770–1832)", "summary": "John Taylor ( May 4 , 1770 - April 16 , 1832 ) was the 51st Governor of South Carolina from 1826 to 1828 . He was born May 4 , 1770 in Granby , South Carolina . He attended Mount Zion Institute in Winnsboro , South Carolina , and graduated in 1790 from the College of New Jersey ( now Princeton University ) and became a lawyer . He opened his practice in Columbia but also had farming interests . After school , Taylor served in the South Carolina House of Representatives from 1796 to 1802 and again from 1804 to 1805 . He was elected to the United States House of Representatives in 1807 , and served there until he became a U.S . Senator in 1810 filling the vacancy left by Thomas Sumter . He was elected to serve a full term beginning in 1811 . As senator , he was known for his especially persuasible personality . While also serving the senate , he developed the first version of what is now known as the Taylor foundation . This foundation is a gathering of aspiring politicians to come together and talk and help each other . But soon afterwards he left federal service in 1816 and returned to his home state to become a South Carolina state senator from 1818 to 1826 ." } ] }, { "value": "Seated December 31 , 1810", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Changes in membership -- Senate", "section_text": "There were 8 resignations , 2 deaths , 1 interim appointment , and 1 vacancy from before this Congress . See also : List of special elections to the United States Senate", "uid": "11th_United_States_Congress_0", "intro": "The Eleventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1811, during the first two years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_BC_Lions_season", "title": "2013 BC Lions season", "header": [ "Position", "Player", "2013 team", "Date signed" ], "data": [ { "value": "LB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Solomon Elimimian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Solomon_Elimimian", "summary": "Solomon Elimimian ( born October 21 , 1986 ) is a Canadian football linebacker for the Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He spent nine seasons with the BC Lions and was named the CFL 's Most Outstanding Rookie in 2010 . In 2014 , he won the CFL 's Most Outstanding Defensive Player Award and Most Outstanding Player Award . Elimimian is the first purely defensive player to win the league 's Most Outstanding Player Award as well as the first player to win three different CFL awards in his career . He played college football for the Hawaii Warriors and attended Crenshaw High School in South Los Angeles , California ." } ] }, { "value": "BC Lions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BC_Lions", "summary": "The BC Lions are a professional Canadian football team competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . Based in Vancouver , British Columbia , the Lions play their home games at BC Place . The Lions played their first season in 1954 , and have played every season since . As such , they are the oldest professional sports franchise in the city of Vancouver and in the province of British Columbia . They have appeared in the league 's Grey Cup championship game 10 times , winning six of those games , with their most recent championship occurring in 2011 . The Lions were the first Western Canadian team to have won the Grey Cup at home , having done so in 1994 and 2011 , before Saskatchewan won in 2013 , while also becoming the only team to beat an American-based franchise in a championship game , a feat accomplished in 1994 . The Lions hold the second longest playoff streak in CFL history , making the playoffs every season from the 1997 CFL season to the 2016 CFL season , failing to make the playoffs for the first time in over 20 seasons in 2017 ( only the Edmonton Eskimos have had a longer playoff streak ; theirs lasted for 34 seasons from 1972 to 2005 ) . With the Winnipeg Blue Bombers Grey Cup win in 2019 after a 29-year wait , the Lions currently have the longest Grey Cup drought of the West Division teams , last winning in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "Feb. 15 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "SB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shawn Gore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shawn_Gore", "summary": "Shawn Vere Gore ( born April 12 , 1987 , is a retired professional Canadian football wide receiver . Gore spent the majority of his professional career playing for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League . He was drafted tenth overall by the Lions in the 2010 CFL Draft , but signed with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League on the day after the draft as a free agent . He played college football for the Bishop 's Gaiters , and high school football for the Newtonbrook North Stars ." } ] }, { "value": "BC Lions", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jan. 31 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jon Hameister-Ries", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jon_Hameister-Ries", "summary": "Jonathan Jon Hameister-Ries ( born January 26 , 1984 ) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League . He was drafted 15th overall by the Lions in the 2006 CFL Draft . He was then signed to the practice roster of the Lions a month later where spent the remainder of the 2007 CFL season . He played college football for the Tulsa Golden Hurricane . He was released by the Lions on June 16 , 2013 . He competed in the second season of MasterChef Canada and reached Top 8 . Hameister-Reis was a free agent signing of the Arizona Cardinals in May 2007 , however , he was released at the end of their training camp on August 30 , 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cauchy Muamba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cauchy_Muamba", "summary": "Cauchy Muamba ( born May 8 , 1987 ) is a Congolese-born professional Canadian football defensive back who is currently a free agent . He most recently played for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He was drafted 34th overall by the BC Lions in the 2010 CFL Draft and signed a contract with the team on May 25 , 2010 . He played CIS football for the St. Francis Xavier X-Men . He grew up in Mississauga with his younger brothers Hénoc and Kelvin ." } ] }, { "value": "Winnipeg Blue Bombers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Winnipeg_Blue_Bombers", "summary": "The Winnipeg Blue Bombers ( legal name : Winnipeg Football Club ) are a professional Canadian football team based in Winnipeg , Manitoba . They are currently members of the West Division of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . They play their home games at IG Field after many years of playing at the since demolished Canad Inns Stadium . The Blue Bombers were founded in 1930 as the Winnipeg Football Club , which has always been the organization 's legal name . Unlike most other professional teams in the four most popular North American team sports ( but much more common in soccer , especially in Europe ) the official legal name Winnipeg Football Club continues to see significant everyday use alongside its nickname , particularly in local media and especially when reporting on the club 's business affairs . Another unique aspect to the club compared to other North American professional sports teams ( but also more common in Europe ) is that it is organized as a corporation without share capital , meaning no one person or entity owns the team - while there are two other community-owned non-profit professional football teams in the CFL and one in the NFL , unlike the Winnipeg Football Club they all have shareholders . Since their establishment , the Blue Bombers have won the league 's Grey Cup championship 11 times , most recently in 2019 when they defeated the Hamilton Tiger-Cats 33-12 in the 107th Grey Cup . The team holds the record for most Grey Cup appearances of any team ( 25 ) and were the first club not located in Ontario or Quebec to win a championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Feb. 19 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jesse Newman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesse_Newman", "summary": "Jesse Newman ( born September 23 , 1982 ) is a former Canadian football guard for the Calgary Stampeders and BC Lions of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He was drafted in the first round with the 3rd overall pick in the 2008 CFL Draft by the Calgary Stampeders . He played college football for UL Lafayette . He retired from professional football on June 4 , 2010 , for personal reasons . Following Calgary 's bye week later that season , Newman announced that he was coming out of retirement , much to the chagrin of some of the team 's players . Consequently , Newman was traded to the BC Lions on September 4 for a second-round pick in the 2011 CFL Draft as well as a conditional fourth-round pick in the 2012 CFL Draft ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "OL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jovan Olafioye", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jovan_Olafioye", "summary": "Jovan Olafioye ( born December 16 , 1987 ) is a former professional Canadian football offensive lineman who most recently played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League . He signed with the BC Lions as a free agent , after going undrafted in the 2009 NFL Draft . Jovan attended the 2009 Detroit Lions rookie mini camp . He played junior college football at Grand Rapids Community College for a year before attending North Carolina Central University ." } ] }, { "value": "BC Lions", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Feb. 15 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "QB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mike Reilly", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mike_Reilly_(quarterback)", "summary": "Mike Reilly ( born January 25 , 1985 ) is an American professional gridiron football player who is a quarterback for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He was the starting quarterback for the Eskimos when they won the 103rd Grey Cup and was named the Grey Cup Most Valuable Player . He was originally signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers as an undrafted free agent in 2009 . He played college football at Central Washington . He was named the CFL 's Most Outstanding Player in 2017 . Reilly has also been a member of the Edmonton Eskimos , Pittsburgh Steelers , Green Bay Packers , St. Louis Rams and Seattle Seahawks ." } ] }, { "value": "Edmonton Eskimos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmonton_Eskimos", "summary": "The Edmonton Eskimos are a professional Canadian football team based in Edmonton , Alberta , competing in the West Division of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . The Eskimos play their home games at The Brick Field at Commonwealth Stadium and are the third-youngest franchise in the CFL . The Eskimos were founded in 1949 , although there were clubs with the name Edmonton Eskimos as early as 1895 . The Eskimos are arguably the most successful CFL franchise of the modern era ( since 1954 ) , having won the league 's Grey Cup championship fourteen times , second overall only to the Toronto Argonauts who have won seventeen ( with seven of those championships coming since 1954 ) . This includes a three-peat between 1954 and 1956 and an unmatched five consecutive wins between 1978 and 1982 , and most recently in 2015 . The Eskimos hold a North American professional sports record by qualifying for the playoffs for 34 consecutive years between 1972 and 2005 . Edmonton has had the most regular season division championships in the CFL 's modern era with 21 , with their most recent coming in 2015 . The team has a rivalry with the Calgary Stampeders and are one of the three community owned teams currently operating in the CFL ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan. 31 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "James Yurichuk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Yurichuk", "summary": "James Yurichuk ( born November 1 , 1986 , in Brampton , Ontario ) is a Canadian professional football linebacker and businessman . Yurichuk was drafted by the BC Lions in the 2009 CFL Draft in the first round and played four seasons with the BC Lions , winning the Grey Cup in 2011 with the Lions . He played CIS football for the Bishop 's Gaiters . Yurichuk is also the founder and CEO of Wully Outerwear ." } ] }, { "value": "Toronto Argonauts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Argonauts", "summary": "The Toronto Argonauts ( officially the Toronto Argonaut Football Club , commonly referred to as the Argos ) are a professional Canadian football team competing in the East Division of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . Based in Toronto , Ontario , the team was founded in 1873 , and is the oldest existing professional sports team in North America still using its original name , and they are the oldest-surviving team in both the modern-day CFL and East Division . The team 's origins date back to a modified version of rugby football that emerged in North America in the latter half of the nineteenth century . The Argonauts played their home games at Rogers Centre ( originally known as SkyDome ) from 1989 until 2016 when the team moved to BMO Field , the fifth stadium site to host the team . The Argonauts have won the Grey Cup a record 17 times and have appeared in the final 23 times . Most recently they defeated the Calgary Stampeders 27-24 in the 105th Grey Cup in 2017 . The Argonauts hold the best winning percentage in the championship game ( 73.9% ) and have the longest active winning streak in games in which they have appeared , at six . The Argonauts have faced every current western CFL team at least once in the Grey Cup , while their most celebrated divisional rivalry has been with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats . The team was founded and owned by the Argonaut Rowing Club for its first 83 years , and has been owned by a series of business interests since 1956 . The Argonauts were a fixture on the Toronto sports scene for decades , with attendance peaking in the 1970s . In May 2015 it was announced that a consortium of Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment 's Larry Tanenbaum ( via the Kilmer Group ) and Bell Canada would acquire the team . The sale included a scheduled move to MLSE run BMO Field for the 2016 season , which has long been proposed given attendance under-utilization at Rogers Centre and announced plans to install natural grass at the domed stadium , rendering it unfit for football ." } ] }, { "value": "Feb. 15 , 2013", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Offseason -- Free agents", "section_text": "", "uid": "2013_BC_Lions_season_0", "intro": "The 2013 BC Lions season was the 56th season for the team in the Canadian Football League and their 60th overall. On September 27, the Lions defeated the Winnipeg Blue Bombers to clinch a playoff spot for the 17th straight season, tying the mark for the third longest playoff streak in CFL history. The Lions finished the season in 3rd place in the West Division with an 11-7 record, but lost to the Saskatchewan Roughriders in the West Semi-Final." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_football_stadiums_in_Latvia", "title": "List of football stadiums in Latvia", "header": [ "#", "Stadium", "Capacity", "City", "Home team" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daugava Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daugava_Stadium_(Riga)", "summary": "The first stadium on the location was built in 1927 and was first operated by the Strādnieku sports un sargs ( Worker Sports and Guard , SSS ) sports organization affiliated with the Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party . After the stadium had been abandoned after the Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 and during , World War II , the stadium was re-established in 1945 , with renovation works beginning in 1949 . Before July 1990 the total capacity of the stadium was more than 10,000 people , but after the demolition of the north , east and south stands in 1999 it was only 5,683 . The Latvian national football team was playing its home games at the Daugava stadium from 1991 until 2000 , when Skonto Stadium was unveiled as a temporary location while the planned renovation of Daugava Stadium was underway , with the team returning to Daugava in the summer of 2018 . The second tenant since June 2018 is FS Metta/LU . Previous tenants have included FC Daugava , FK Daugava 90 , JFK Olimps and others . Two exercise venues under the main stand , tennis and athletics grounds and artificial turf pitches are also a part of the complex . The Latvian Football Federation headquarters were located within the complex from 1991 until 2009 , when the offices were moved to the Elektrum Olympic Center . The Daugava Stadium has traditionally hosted the dance performances of the Latvian Song and Dance Festival . To celebrate the 90th anniversary of the independence of Latvia , on October 19 , 2008 , a new Guinness World Record was set at the venue for the most people running 100 metres in a 24-hour relay . There were 3,807 participants ." } ] }, { "value": "10,461", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Riga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Riga", "summary": "Riga ( /ˈriːɡə/ ; Latvian : Rīga [ ˈriːɡa ] ( listen ) ; Livonian : Rīgõ ) is the capital of Latvia and is home to 632,614 inhabitants ( 2019 ) , which is a third of Latvia 's population . Being significantly larger than other cities of Latvia , Riga is the country 's primate city . It is also the largest city in the three Baltic states and is home to one tenth of the three Baltic states ' combined population . The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Baltic Sea . Riga 's territory covers 307.17 km2 ( 118.60 sq mi ) and lies 1-10 m ( 3 ft 3 in-32 ft 10 in ) above sea level , on a flat and sandy plain . Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member . Riga 's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture . Riga was the European Capital of Culture in 2014 , along with Umeå in Sweden . Riga hosted the 2006 NATO Summit , the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 , the 2006 IIHF Men 's World Ice Hockey Championships and the 2013 World Women 's Curling Championship . It is home to the European Union 's office of European Regulators for Electronic Communications ( BEREC ) . In 2016 , Riga received over 1.4 million visitors . The city is served by Riga International Airport , the largest and busiest airport in the Baltic states ." } ] }, { "value": "Latvia national football team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Latvia_national_football_team", "summary": "The Latvia national football team ( Latvian : Latvijas futbola izlase ) represents Latvia in international football and is controlled by the Latvian Football Federation , the governing body for football in Latvia . They have never qualified for the FIFA World Cup , however , they qualified for the European Championship in 2004 under head coach Aleksandrs Starkovs . Latvia , alongside their Baltic rivals , Lithuania and Estonia , have also participated in the local sub-regional Baltic Cup tournament , which takes place every two years . Latvia is the current champion , having won the tournament in 2018 . Latvia has won the Baltic Cup championship a record 13 times , more than any other country in the history of the tournament . Latvia 's current home ground is the Daugava Stadium in Riga ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Skonto stadions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skonto_stadions", "summary": "Skonto Stadium ( Latvian : Skonto stadions ) is a football stadium in Riga , Latvia . The stadium has 9,500 seats and was built in 2000 . It is the biggest football stadium in Latvia , and Is also home to the National Latvian team . Riga FC usually have an average attendance of 500 . The stadium design incorporates Skonto Hall ." } ] }, { "value": "10,007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Riga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Riga", "summary": "Riga ( /ˈriːɡə/ ; Latvian : Rīga [ ˈriːɡa ] ( listen ) ; Livonian : Rīgõ ) is the capital of Latvia and is home to 632,614 inhabitants ( 2019 ) , which is a third of Latvia 's population . Being significantly larger than other cities of Latvia , Riga is the country 's primate city . It is also the largest city in the three Baltic states and is home to one tenth of the three Baltic states ' combined population . The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Baltic Sea . Riga 's territory covers 307.17 km2 ( 118.60 sq mi ) and lies 1-10 m ( 3 ft 3 in-32 ft 10 in ) above sea level , on a flat and sandy plain . Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member . Riga 's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture . Riga was the European Capital of Culture in 2014 , along with Umeå in Sweden . Riga hosted the 2006 NATO Summit , the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 , the 2006 IIHF Men 's World Ice Hockey Championships and the 2013 World Women 's Curling Championship . It is home to the European Union 's office of European Regulators for Electronic Communications ( BEREC ) . In 2016 , Riga received over 1.4 million visitors . The city is served by Riga International Airport , the largest and busiest airport in the Baltic states ." } ] }, { "value": "Skonto FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skonto_FC", "summary": "Skonto FC was a Latvian football club , founded in 1991 . The club played at the Skonto Stadium in Riga . Skonto won the Virsliga in the first 14 seasons of the league 's resumption ( 15 in total ) , and often provided the core of the Latvia national football team . With those 14 national championships in a row , they set a European record , men and women 's football combined , until the women of Faroese club KÍ Klaksvík won their 14th championship in row in 2013 . Following financial problems , the club was demoted to the Latvian First League in 2016 and went bankrupt in December of that year ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daugava Stadium ( Liepāja )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daugava_Stadium_(Liepāja)", "summary": "Daugava Stadium ( Latvian : Daugavas stadions ) is a multi-purpose stadium in Liepāja , Latvia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FK Liepāja , also it was the home stadium of FHK Liepājas Metalurgs . The stadium holds 5,083 people , and hosted the Baltic Cup 1992 . From 1925 to 1934 the stadium was named Strādnieku stadions ( workers ' stadium ) , from 1934 to 1990 Pilsētas stadions ( town stadium ) ." } ] }, { "value": "5,083", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Liepāja", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Liepāja", "summary": "Liepāja ( pronounced [ liepaːja ] ( listen ) ) ( see other names ) is a city in western Latvia , located on the Baltic Sea . It is the largest city in the Kurzeme Region and the third largest city in the country after Riga and Daugavpils . It is an important ice-free port . In 2017 population of Liepāja is 69,443 people . In the 19th and early 20th century it was a favourite place for sea-bathers with the town boasting a fine park and many pretty gardens , and a theatre . Liepāja is however known throughout Latvia as City where the wind is born , likely because of the constant sea breeze . A song of the same name ( Latvian : Pilsētā , kurā piedzimst vējš ) was composed by Imants Kalniņš and has become the anthem of the city . Its reputation as the windiest city in Latvia was strengthened with the construction of the largest wind farm in the nation ( 33 Enercon wind turbines ) nearby . The coat of arms of Liepāja was adopted four days after the jurisdiction gained city rights on 18 March 1625 . These are described as : on a silver background , the lion of Courland with a divided tail , who leans upon a linden ( Latvian : Liepa ) tree with its forelegs . The flag of Liepāja has the coat of arms in the center , with red in the top half and green in the bottom . One of the very few surviving films documenting the mass murder of Jews shot into pits at the first stages of the Holocaust is a short film by a German soldier who witnessed the massacre of Liepāja Jews in July 1941 near the lighthouse ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Liepāja", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Liepāja", "summary": "FK Liepāja/Mogo is a Latvian football club , founded in 2014 . The club is based at the Daugava Stadium in Liepāja . FK Liepāja plays in the Latvian Higher League . In their first season they finished 4th in the 2014 Latvian Higher League ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Latvijas Universitates Stadions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Latvijas_Universitates_Stadions", "summary": "Latvijas Universitātes Stadions was a multi-use stadium in Riga , Latvia . It was used mostly for football and rugby matches and was the home stadium of FK Rīga . The stadium had a capacity of 5,000 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Riga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Riga", "summary": "Riga ( /ˈriːɡə/ ; Latvian : Rīga [ ˈriːɡa ] ( listen ) ; Livonian : Rīgõ ) is the capital of Latvia and is home to 632,614 inhabitants ( 2019 ) , which is a third of Latvia 's population . Being significantly larger than other cities of Latvia , Riga is the country 's primate city . It is also the largest city in the three Baltic states and is home to one tenth of the three Baltic states ' combined population . The city lies on the Gulf of Riga at the mouth of the Daugava river where it meets the Baltic Sea . Riga 's territory covers 307.17 km2 ( 118.60 sq mi ) and lies 1-10 m ( 3 ft 3 in-32 ft 10 in ) above sea level , on a flat and sandy plain . Riga was founded in 1201 and is a former Hanseatic League member . Riga 's historical centre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site , noted for its Art Nouveau/Jugendstil architecture and 19th century wooden architecture . Riga was the European Capital of Culture in 2014 , along with Umeå in Sweden . Riga hosted the 2006 NATO Summit , the Eurovision Song Contest 2003 , the 2006 IIHF Men 's World Ice Hockey Championships and the 2013 World Women 's Curling Championship . It is home to the European Union 's office of European Regulators for Electronic Communications ( BEREC ) . In 2016 , Riga received over 1.4 million visitors . The city is served by Riga International Airport , the largest and busiest airport in the Baltic states ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Rīga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Rīga", "summary": "FK Rīga was a Latvian football club based in Riga . They played in the Virslīga , the top division in Latvian football . They played their home games at Latvijas Universitātes Stadions . In 1999 , its first year of existence , the club won the Latvian Cup , beating Skonto at the final . The club also played in the UEFA Cup . In 2007 , FK Rīga achieved its best result in Virslīga so far by finishing 3rd as the highest placed club from Riga . FK Rīga played in the 2008 Intertoto Cup . Their first round opponents were Fylkir from suburban Árbær in the eastern part of Reykjavík . In the second round . they played Irish club Bohemian and , as against Fylkir , the home leg was played in the city of Liepāja , approximately 217 kilometres from Riga . At the end of the 2007-08 season the club went bankrupt due to its financial problems and the football school , that was in the club 's system , joined FK Olimps/ASK ( later known as RFS/Olimps ) ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Celtnieks Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Celtnieks_Stadium", "summary": "Celtnieks Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Daugavpils , Latvia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Daugava . The stadium has capacity for 3,480 people ." } ] }, { "value": "4,070", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daugavpils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daugavpils", "summary": "Daugavpils ( Latvian pronunciation : [ ˈdaʊɡaʊpils ] ( listen ) ; Latgalian : Daugpiļs [ ˈdaʊkʲpʲilʲsʲ ] ; Russian : Даугавпилс [ ˈdaʊɡəfpʲɪls ] ; Polish : Dyneburg ; see other names ) is a city in south-eastern Latvia , located on the banks of the Daugava River , from which the city gets its name . It is the second-largest city in the country after the capital Riga , which is located some 230 kilometres ( 143 miles ) to its north-west . Daugavpils is located relatively close to Belarus and Lithuania ( distances of 33 km ( 21 mi ) and 25 km ( 16 mi ) respectively ) , and some 120 km ( 75 mi ) from the Latvian border with Russia . Daugavpils is a major railway junction and industrial centre and lies approximately midway between Riga and Minsk , and between Warsaw and Saint Petersburg . Daugavpils , then Dyneburg , was the capital of Polish Livonia while in Poland . Following the first partition of Poland in 1772 , the city became part of the Russian Empire . Since the Second World War , it has maintained an overwhelmingly Russian-speaking population , with Latvians and Poles being significant minorities . Historically , German and Yiddish were additional prominent native languages ." } ] }, { "value": "FC Dinaburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Dinaburg", "summary": "Dinaburg FC was a Latvian football club , playing in the city of Daugavpils . In 2009 it merged with FK Daugava . The club played at the Daugava Stadium ( capacity 4,070 ) . On October 5 , 2009 , Dinaburg was expelled from the Virsliga and both the president and trainer were banned for life on suspicion of betting and match-fixing ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daugava Stadium ( Daugavpils )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daugava_Stadium_(Daugavpils)", "summary": "The Daugava Stadions is a football stadium in the city of Daugavpils , Latvia ." } ] }, { "value": "3,480", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daugavpils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daugavpils", "summary": "Daugavpils ( Latvian pronunciation : [ ˈdaʊɡaʊpils ] ( listen ) ; Latgalian : Daugpiļs [ ˈdaʊkʲpʲilʲsʲ ] ; Russian : Даугавпилс [ ˈdaʊɡəfpʲɪls ] ; Polish : Dyneburg ; see other names ) is a city in south-eastern Latvia , located on the banks of the Daugava River , from which the city gets its name . It is the second-largest city in the country after the capital Riga , which is located some 230 kilometres ( 143 miles ) to its north-west . Daugavpils is located relatively close to Belarus and Lithuania ( distances of 33 km ( 21 mi ) and 25 km ( 16 mi ) respectively ) , and some 120 km ( 75 mi ) from the Latvian border with Russia . Daugavpils is a major railway junction and industrial centre and lies approximately midway between Riga and Minsk , and between Warsaw and Saint Petersburg . Daugavpils , then Dyneburg , was the capital of Polish Livonia while in Poland . Following the first partition of Poland in 1772 , the city became part of the Russian Empire . Since the Second World War , it has maintained an overwhelmingly Russian-speaking population , with Latvians and Poles being significant minorities . Historically , German and Yiddish were additional prominent native languages ." } ] }, { "value": "Daugava Daugavpils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FC_Daugava", "summary": "FC Daugava is a Latvian football club , based at the Daugava Stadium , in the city of Daugavpils . They play in the Latvian Second League in 2015 and are one of two clubs representing the city . They are also one of two clubs with the name Daugava and should not be confused with FK Daugava Rīga . In 2008 , they won the Latvian Cup and in 2012 won the Latvian Higher League championship for the first time in the club 's history . The current manager of the team is Ivan Tabanov ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ventspils Olimpiskais Stadions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ventspils_Olimpiskais_Stadions", "summary": "Ventspils Olimpiskais Stadions , more commonly called the Ventspils Stadions , is a multi-purpose stadium in Ventspils , Latvia . It is currently used mostly for football matches . Ventspils Stadions is the home stadium for FK Ventspils , and one of the most famous football stadia in the Latvia . The stadium holds 3,200 people ." } ] }, { "value": "3,085", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ventspils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ventspils", "summary": "Ventspils ( Latvian : [ ˈvæntspils ] ( listen ) ; see other names ) is a city in northwestern Latvia in the historical Courland region of Latvia , and is the sixth largest city in the country . At the beginning of 2017 , Ventspils had a population of 39,286 . It is situated on the Venta River and the Baltic Sea , and has an ice-free port . The city 's name literally means castle on the Venta , referring to the Livonian Order 's castle built alongside the Venta River . Ventspils holds the national record for the highest temperature ever recorded in Latvia with 37.8 °C ( 100.0 °F ) on 4 August 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Ventspils", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Ventspils", "summary": "FK Ventspils is a Latvian football club , based at Ventspils Olimpiskais Stadions in Ventspils city and is one of the most popular football clubs in the country . The club plays in the Latvian Virsliga . In total , FK Ventspils has won six league titles and seven Latvian Cups . They became Latvian Higher League champions in 2006 , 2007 , 2008 , 2011 , 2013 and 2014 . [ failed verification ] In 2009 FK Ventspils became the first Latvian club to participate in the group stages of a UEFA competition after beating BATE Borisov from Belarus . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sporta Aģentūras Stadions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sporta_Aģentūras_Stadions", "summary": "Sporta Aģentūras Stadions is a multi-use stadium in Rēzekne , Latvia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of SK Blāzma of the Virsliga . The stadium holds 3,000 people ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rēzekne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rēzekne", "summary": "Rēzekne ( Latgalian Rēzekne pronounced [ ˈrʲæːzʲækʲnʲæ ] or Rēzne pronounced [ rʲæːzʲnʲæ ] , Latvian : Rēzekne pronounced [ ˈrɛːzekne ] ( listen ) ; see other names ) is a city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia . It is called The Heart of Latgale ( Latvian Latgales sirds , Latgalian Latgolys sirds ) . Built on seven hills , Rēzekne is situated 242 kilometres ( 150 miles ) east of Riga , and 63 kilometres ( 39 miles ) west of the Latvian-Russian border , at the intersection of the Moscow - Ventspils and Warsaw - Saint Petersburg Railways . It has a population of 31,216 ( 2016 ) making it the 7th largest city in Latvia ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Blāzma Rēzekne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Blāzma_Rēzekne", "summary": "SK Blāzma is a Latvian football club located in Rēzekne . The club is a continuation of the city 's main football club , Dižvanagi . The club competed in Virslīga in the 2008 season following promotion from the 1 . Liga in 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rēzeknes Pilsētas stadions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rēzeknes_Pilsētas_stadions", "summary": "Sporta Aģentūras Stadions is a multi-use stadium in Rēzekne , Latvia . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of SK Blāzma of the Virsliga . The stadium holds 3,000 people ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rēzekne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rēzekne", "summary": "Rēzekne ( Latgalian Rēzekne pronounced [ ˈrʲæːzʲækʲnʲæ ] or Rēzne pronounced [ rʲæːzʲnʲæ ] , Latvian : Rēzekne pronounced [ ˈrɛːzekne ] ( listen ) ; see other names ) is a city in the Rēzekne River valley in Latgale region of eastern Latvia . It is called The Heart of Latgale ( Latvian Latgales sirds , Latgalian Latgolys sirds ) . Built on seven hills , Rēzekne is situated 242 kilometres ( 150 miles ) east of Riga , and 63 kilometres ( 39 miles ) west of the Latvian-Russian border , at the intersection of the Moscow - Ventspils and Warsaw - Saint Petersburg Railways . It has a population of 31,216 ( 2016 ) making it the 7th largest city in Latvia ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Dižvanagi Rēzekne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Dižvanagi_Rēzekne", "summary": "Dižvanagi Rēzekne was a Latvian football club , located in Rēzekne . They currently compete under the name of Dižvanagi-2 in the Latgales zona of the 2.līga as the reserve team of FK Blāzma Rēzekne ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Slokas Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Slokas_Stadium", "summary": "Jūrmalas pilsētas stadions Sloka , commonly referred to as Slokas Stadions , is a multi-purpose stadium in the coastal city of Jūrmala , in northwestern Latvia . The stadium holds 2,500 people ." } ] }, { "value": "2,800", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jūrmala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jūrmala", "summary": "Jūrmala ( Latvian pronunciation : [ juːrmala ] ( listen ) seaside ) is a city in Latvia , about 25 kilometres ( 16 miles ) west of Riga . Jūrmala is a resort town stretching 32 km ( 20 miles ) and sandwiched between the Gulf of Riga and the Lielupe River . It has a 33 km ( 21 miles ) stretch of white-sand beach , and a population of 56,646 , making it the fifth largest city in Latvia . While Latvia was part of the Soviet Union , Jūrmala was a favorite holiday-resort and tourist destination for high-level Communist Party officials , particularly Leonid Brezhnev and Nikita Khrushchev . Although it has many amenities such as beach-houses and concrete hotels remain , some have fallen into disrepair . Jūrmala remains a tourist attraction with long beaches facing the Gulf of Riga and romantic wooden houses in the Art Nouveau style ." } ] }, { "value": "FK Spartaks Jūrmala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FK_Spartaks_Jūrmala", "summary": "FK Spartaks is a Latvian football club that is based in Sloka , Jūrmala . In 2012 , they finished 3rd in the Latvian First League championship and after winning the play-offs against JFK Olimps were promoted to the Latvian Higher League . The club plays its home matches at the Sloka Stadium with capacity of 2,500 people ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Current stadiums", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_football_stadiums_in_Latvia_0", "intro": "The following is a list of football stadiums in Latvia, ordered by capacity." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_in_India_by_population", "title": "List of towns in India by population", "header": [ "Name of Town", "State", "Type", "Population ( 2011 )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Badrinath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Badrinath", "summary": "Badrinath is a holy town and a nagar panchayat in Chamoli district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is one of the four sites in India 's Char Dham pilgrimage and gets its name from the temple of Badrinath ." } ] }, { "value": "Uttarakhand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uttarakhand", "summary": "Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,438", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bagepalli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bagepalli", "summary": "Bagepalli is a town municipal council in Chikballapur district in the state of Karnataka , India . Bagepalli is situated 100 km north of Bangalore on the Bangalore-Hyderabad National Highway . The region is just below the southern border of the Rayalaseema in Andhra Pradesh , South India . It is semi-arid and drought prone with 535 mm of erratic and spatial rainfall ." } ] }, { "value": "Karnataka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karnataka", "summary": "Karnataka ( Karnāṭaka , Kannada pronunciation : [ kɐnaːʈɐka ] ) is a state in the south western region of India . It was formed on 1 November 1956 , with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act . Originally known as the State of Mysore , it was renamed Karnataka in 1973 . The state corresponds to the Carnatic region . The capital and largest city is Bangalore . Karnataka is bordered by the Arabian Sea to the west , Goa to the northwest , Maharashtra to the north , Telangana to the northeast , Andhra Pradesh to the east , Tamil Nadu to the southeast , and Kerala to the south . The state covers an area of 191,976 square kilometres ( 74,122 sq mi ) , or 5.83 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the sixth largest Indian state by area . With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census , Karnataka is the eighth largest state by population , comprising 30 districts . Kannada , one of the classical languages of India , is the most widely spoken and official language of the state . Other languages spoken include Urdu , Konkani , Marathi , Tulu , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kodava and Beary . Karnataka also contains some of the only villages in India where Sanskrit is primarily spoken ." } ] }, { "value": "T.M.C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "27,011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bageshwar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bageshwar", "summary": "Bageshwar is a town and a municipal board in Bageshwar district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is located at a distance of 470 km from the National Capital New Delhi and 332 km from the State Capital Dehradun . Bageshwar is known for its scenic beauty , Glaciers , Rivers and Temples . It is also the administrative headquarters of Bageshwar district . Situated on the confluence of Saryu and Gomati rivers , Bageshwar is surrounded by the mountains of Bhileshwar and Nileshwar to its east and west and by the Suraj Kund in the north and Agni Kund in the south . Bageshwar was a major trade mart between Tibet and Kumaun , and was frequented by the Bhotia traders , who bartered Tibetan wares , wool , salt and Borax in exchange for Carpets and other local produces in Bageshwar . The trade routes were , however , closed after the Indo-China War of 1962 . The city is of great religious , historic and political significance . Bageshwar finds mention in various puranas , where , it has been associated with Lord Shiva . The Uttrayani fair held annually in Bageshwar used to be visited by approx 15,000 people in the early twentieth century , and was the largest fair of Kumaon division . The fair became the epicenter of the Coolie Begar Movement in January 1921 . The city of Bageshwar gets its name from the Bagnath Temple ." } ] }, { "value": "Uttarakhand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uttarakhand", "summary": "Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9,079", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bajpur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bajpur", "summary": "Bazpur is a city and a municipality in Udham Singh Nagar district in the state of Uttarakhand , India . Bazpur is well connected with the industrial city of Rudrapur and the historical city of Kashipur . It is an affluent town , mainly due to large agricultural estates . It was initially , like most of the area which forms present day Udham Singh Nagar District , a part of the Terai , and was gradually transformed into arable land by migrants from Punjab . Most of the early settlers were those rendered homeless by the Partition of India in 1947 . It was in Bajpur that India 's first co-operative sugar mill went into production on 16 February 1959 . [ citation needed ] Website : https : //www.bazpur.com" } ] }, { "value": "Uttarakhand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uttarakhand", "summary": "Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25,524", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Balaghat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Balaghat", "summary": "Balaghat is a city and a municipality in Balaghat district in the state of Madhya Pradesh , India . It is the administrative headquarters of Balaghat District . Wainganga River flows beside the town ." } ] }, { "value": "Madhya Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madhya_Pradesh", "summary": "Madhya Pradesh ( MP ; /ˌmʌdjə prəˈdɛʃ/ , Hindi : [ ˈmədʱjə pɾəˈdeːʃ ] ( listen ) ; meaning Central Province ) is a state in central India . Its capital is Bhopal , and the largest city is Indore , with Jabalpur , Gwalior , and Ujjain being the other major cities . Madhya Pradesh is the second largest Indian state by area and the fifth largest state by population with over 75 million residents . It borders the states of Uttar Pradesh to the northeast , Chhattisgarh to the southeast , Maharashtra to the south , Gujarat to the west , and Rajasthan to the northwest . Before 2000 , when Chhattisgarh was a part of Madhya Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh was the largest state in India and the distance between the two furthest points inside the state , Singoli and Konta , was 1500 km . The area covered by the present-day Madhya Pradesh includes the area of the ancient Avanti Mahajanapada , whose capital Ujjain ( also known as Avantika ) arose as a major city during the second wave of Indian urbanisation in the sixth century BCE . Subsequently , the region was ruled by the major dynasties of India . By the early 18th century , the region was divided into several small kingdoms which were captured by the British and incorporated into Central Provinces and Berar and the Central India Agency . After India 's independence , Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital : this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today 's Maharashtra . In 1956 , this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat , Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state , the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the then Bombay State . This state was the largest in India by area until 2000 , when its southeastern Chhattisgarh region was made as a separate state . The economy of Madhya Pradesh is the tenth-largest state economy in India with ₹8.09 lakh crore ( US $ 110 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹90,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "84,261", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Balangir", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Balangir_Town", "summary": "Balangir is a city and municipality , the headquarters of Balangir district in the state of Odisha , India . Balangir has a rich cultural heritage . It is also known as the cultural hub of Western Odisha . Balangir municipality is divided into twenty one wards . It is spread over an area of 12,200 acres ( 4,900 ha ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Odisha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Odisha", "summary": "Odisha ( /əˈdɪsə/ , /ɒˈrɪsə , ɔː- , oʊ-/ ; , pronounced [ oɽɪˈsaː ] ( listen ) ; is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India . It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south . Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) along the Bay of Bengal . It is the 8th largest state by area , and the 11th largest by population . The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India . The ancient kingdom of Kalinga , which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War , coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha . The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 , as a province in British India , and consisted of Odia-speaking regions . 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa . The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India 's national anthem , Jana Gana Mana . Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135 , after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers , through the British era until 1948 . Thereafter , Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha . The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹4.16 lakh crore ( US $ 58 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹93,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "98,238", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Banaganipalli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andhra Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh", "summary": "Andhra Pradesh ( /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ ) ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is one of the 28 states of India , situated in the south-eastern part of the country . It is the eight-largest state in India , covering an area of 162,975 km2 ( 62,925 sq mi ) . As per the 2011 census , it is the tenth-most populous state , with 49,386,799 inhabitants . The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is Visakhapatnam . Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh . The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014 , and Hyderabad , the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years . Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km ( 605 mi ) - the second-longest coastline among the states of India , after Gujarat - with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters . The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south , and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal . The small enclave of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state . The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state , and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast , bordering the Bay of Bengal . The state comprises thirteen districts in total , nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30,554", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bapatla", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bapatla", "summary": "Bapatla is a town in Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . It is a municipality and the mandal headquarters of Bapatla mandal of Tenali revenue division . The nearest cities to the town are Tenali , Guntur of 51km ,61km respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Andhra Pradesh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andhra_Pradesh", "summary": "Andhra Pradesh ( /ˌɑːndrə prəˈdɛʃ/ ) ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is one of the 28 states of India , situated in the south-eastern part of the country . It is the eight-largest state in India , covering an area of 162,975 km2 ( 62,925 sq mi ) . As per the 2011 census , it is the tenth-most populous state , with 49,386,799 inhabitants . The largest city in Andhra Pradesh is Visakhapatnam . Telugu , one of the classical languages of India , is the major and official language of Andhra Pradesh . The north-western portion of Andhra Pradesh was separated to form the new state of Telangana on 2 June 2014 , and Hyderabad , the longtime capital of Andhra Pradesh , was transferred to Telangana as part of the division . However , in accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act , 2014 , Hyderabad was to remain the acting capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding ten years . Andhra Pradesh has a coastline of 974 km ( 605 mi ) - the second-longest coastline among the states of India , after Gujarat - with jurisdiction over almost 15,000 km2 of territorial waters . The state is bordered by Telangana in the north-west , Chhattisgarh and Odisha in the north-east , Karnataka in the west , Tamil Nadu in the south , and to the east lies the Bay of Bengal . The small enclave of Yanam , a district of Puducherry , lies to the south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta on the eastern side of the state . The state is made up of the two major regions of Rayalaseema , in the inland southwestern part of the state , and Coastal Andhra to the east and northeast , bordering the Bay of Bengal . The state comprises thirteen districts in total , nine of which are located in Coastal Andhra and four in Rayalaseema ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "70,777", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barauli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barauli,_Bihar", "summary": "Barauli is a town and a notified area in Gopalganj district in the state of Bihar , India . thumb" } ] }, { "value": "Bihar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bihar", "summary": "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "41,877", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barbil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barbil", "summary": "Barbil is a City and a Municipality in the Kendujhar district ( also known as Iron City ) of the state of Odisha , India . It is one of the 5th scheduled areas . The region around Barbil has a largest deposit of Iron ore and manganese ore in the world . It is a major source of revenue generation for both the Central and the State government . Apart from that , the place is surrounded by breathtaking sceneries unfolded by nature 's touch ." } ] }, { "value": "Odisha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Odisha", "summary": "Odisha ( /əˈdɪsə/ , /ɒˈrɪsə , ɔː- , oʊ-/ ; , pronounced [ oɽɪˈsaː ] ( listen ) ; is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India . It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south . Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) along the Bay of Bengal . It is the 8th largest state by area , and the 11th largest by population . The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India . The ancient kingdom of Kalinga , which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War , coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha . The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 , as a province in British India , and consisted of Odia-speaking regions . 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa . The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India 's national anthem , Jana Gana Mana . Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135 , after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers , through the British era until 1948 . Thereafter , Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha . The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹4.16 lakh crore ( US $ 58 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹93,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "66,540", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bargarh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bargarh", "summary": "Bargarh is a municipality in Bargarh district in the state of Odisha , India . It is the administrative headquarters of Bargarh District . Popularly known for rice cultivation ( parboiled-rice ) therefore called Bhata Handi of Odisha State ." } ] }, { "value": "Odisha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Odisha", "summary": "Odisha ( /əˈdɪsə/ , /ɒˈrɪsə , ɔː- , oʊ-/ ; , pronounced [ oɽɪˈsaː ] ( listen ) ; is an Indian state located on the eastern coast of India . It neighbors the states of West Bengal and Jharkhand to the north , Chhattisgarh to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the south . Odisha has a coastline of 485 kilometres ( 301 mi ) along the Bay of Bengal . It is the 8th largest state by area , and the 11th largest by population . The state has the third largest population of Scheduled Tribes in India . The ancient kingdom of Kalinga , which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War , coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha . The modern state of Odisha was established on 1 April 1936 , as a province in British India , and consisted of Odia-speaking regions . 1 April is celebrated as Utkala Dibasa . The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India 's national anthem , Jana Gana Mana . Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135 , after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers , through the British era until 1948 . Thereafter , Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha . The economy of Odisha is the 16th-largest state economy in India with ₹4.16 lakh crore ( US $ 58 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹93,000 ( US $ 1,300 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "80,625", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barbigha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barh", "summary": "Barh is a town and subdivision in Patna district of Bihar , India.It is located on the southern bank of the Ganga River . It is well known for Umanath ( Shiv Temple on shore of the Ganga ) . Umanath is a famous place for Hindu ritual cremation . It is also famous for the Alakhnath Temple . Lai of Barh is famous for its rich taste . Lai is a sweet that looks like Laddu ." } ] }, { "value": "Bihar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bihar", "summary": "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "Np", "urls": [] }, { "value": "50,080", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barkot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barkot,_India", "summary": "Barkot is a town and a nagar palika in Uttarkashi District in the state of Uttarakhand , India . It is located on the banks of the Yamuna river ." } ] }, { "value": "Uttarakhand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uttarakhand", "summary": "Uttarakhand ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːkʌnd/ ) , formerly known as Uttaranchal ( /ˌʊtəˈrɑːntʃəl/ ) , is a state in the northern part of India . It is often referred to as the Devabhumi ( literally Land of the Gods ) due to numerous Hindu temples and pilgrimage centres found throughout the state . Uttarakhand is known for the natural environment of the Himalayas , the Bhabar and the Terai . On 9 November 2000 , Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India , being carved from the Himalayan districts of Uttar Pradesh . It borders Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north ; the Sudurpashchim Pradesh of Nepal to the east ; the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north-west . The state is divided into two divisions , Garhwal and Kumaon , with a total of 13 districts . The capital of Uttarakhand is Dehradun , the largest city of the state , which is a railhead . The High Court of the state is located in Nainital . Archaeological evidence supports the existence of humans in the region since prehistoric times . The region formed a part of the Uttarakuru Kingdom during the Vedic age of Ancient India . Among the first major dynasties of Kumaon were the Kunindas in the 2nd century BCE who practised an early form of Shaivism . Ashokan edicts at Kalsi show the early presence of Buddhism in this region ." } ] }, { "value": "N.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6,720", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barpeta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barpeta", "summary": "Barpeta ( Pron : bə ( r ) ˈpeɪtə / bə ( r ) ˈpi : tə ) is a town in Barpeta district , India and is district headquarters . The city is located 90 kilometres ( 56 mi ) north west of Guwahati and is one of the major cities in Western Assam . It is also called Satra Nagari ( Temple town ) of Assam due to the presence of various Vaishnavite Satras in the vicinity ." } ] }, { "value": "Assam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Assam", "summary": "Assam ( /ˈæsæm/ , Assamese : [ ɔxɔm ] ( listen ) ) is a state in northeastern India , situated south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys . Assam covers an area of 78,438 km2 ( 30,285 sq mi ) . The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north ; Nagaland and Manipur to the east ; Meghalaya , Tripura , Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south ; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor , a 22 kilometres ( 14 mi ) strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India . Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk . The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia . Assam is home to the one-horned Indian rhinoceros , along with the wild water buffalo , pygmy hog , tiger and various species of Asiatic birds , and provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant . The Assamese economy is aided by wildlife tourism to Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park , which are World Heritage Sites . Sal tree forests are found in the state which , as a result of abundant rainfall , look green all year round . Assam receives more rainfall than most parts of India ; this rain feeds the Brahmaputra River , whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a hydro-geomorphic environment ." } ] }, { "value": "M.B", "urls": [] }, { "value": "42,649", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bellampalle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bellampalle", "summary": "Bellampalli is a town in Mancherial district ( Old Adilabad District ) of the Indian state of Telangana . It is a municipality and mandal headquarters of Bellampalli mandal of Bellampalli revenue division ." } ] }, { "value": "Telangana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Telangana", "summary": "Telangana ( /tɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in India situated on the centre-south stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau . It is the twelfth largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 ( 43,273 sq mi ) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census . On 2 June 2014 , the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital . Its other major cities include Warangal , Nizamabad , Khammam and Karimnagar . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north , Chhattisgarh to the east , Karnataka to the west , and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south . The terrain of Telangana region consists mostly of hills , mountain ranges , and thick dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 ( 10,538 sq mi ) . As of 2019 , the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts . Throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages , the region now known as Telangana was ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Cholas , Mauryans , Satavahanas , Chalukyas , Kakatiyas , Delhi Sultanate , Bahmani Sultanate , Golconda Sultanate . During the 16th and 17th centuries , the region was ruled by the Mughals . The region is known for its Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb . During the 18th century and the British Raj , Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1823 , the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars ( Coastal Andhra ) and Ceded Districts ( Rayalseema ) , which were handed over to the East India Company ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "55,841", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belonia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belonia,_India", "summary": "Belonia is a town and Municipal Council in South Tripura district , Tripura , India . It is also the headquarters of South Tripura District . It is linked with Agartala ( the state capital ) by National Highway 8 via Udaipur and also via Rajnagar , Sonamura , Melaghar , and Bishramganj . Belonia lies on a border with Bangladesh ." } ] }, { "value": "Tripura", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tripura", "summary": "Tripura ( /ˈtrɪpʊrə , -ərə/ ) is a state in northeastern India . The third-smallest state in the country , it covers 10,491 km2 ( 4,051 sq mi ) and is bordered by Bangladesh to the north , south , and west , and the Indian states of Assam and Mizoram to the east . In 2011 the state had 3,671,032 residents , constituting 0.3% of the country 's population . The area of modern Tripura - ruled for several centuries by the Manikya dynasty - was part of an independent princely state under the protectorate of the British Empire . The independent Tripuri Kingdom ( also known as Hill Tippera ) joined the newly independent India in 1949 . Tripura lies in a geographically disadvantageous location in India , as only one major highway , the National Highway 8 , connects it with the rest of the country . Five mountain ranges - Boromura , Atharamura , Longtharai , Shakhan and Jampui Hills - run north to south , with intervening valleys ; Agartala , the capital , is located on a plain to the west . The state has a tropical savanna climate , and receives seasonal heavy rains from the south west monsoon . Forests cover more than half of the area , in which bamboo and cane tracts are common . Tripura has the highest number of primate species found in any Indian state . Due to its geographical isolation , economic progress in the state is hindered . Poverty and unemployment continue to plague Tripura , which has a limited infrastructure ." } ] }, { "value": "M.Cl", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19,996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bhabua", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bhabua", "summary": "Bhabua is a city of Kaimur district in the state of Bihar , India . It is the headquarters of Kaimur district ." } ] }, { "value": "Bihar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bihar", "summary": "Bihar ( /bɪˈhɑːr/ ; Hindi pronunciation : [ bɪˈɦaːr ] ( listen ) ) is a state in eastern India . It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory , with an area of 94,163 km2 ( 36,357 sq mi ) . It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west , Nepal to the north , the northern part of West Bengal to the east , and with Jharkhand to the south . The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges , which flows from west to east . Three main cultural regions converge in the state : Magadh , Mithila , and Bhojpur . On 15 November 2000 , southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand . Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas , which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh . Additionally , almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25 , giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state . In ancient and classical India , the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power , learning , and culture . From Magadha arose India 's first empire , the Maurya empire , as well as one of the world 's most widely adhered-to religions : Buddhism . Magadha empires , notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties , unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule . Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "NP", "urls": [] }, { "value": "50,179", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bhadrachalam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bhadrachalam", "summary": "Bhadrachalam is a census town in the Indian state of Telangana , Bhadradri Kothagudem district . It is an important Hindu pilgrimage town with an existence of the Bhadrachalam Temple of Lord Rama , situated on the banks of Godavari river . It is located 312 kilometres ( 194 mi ) from east of state capital , Hyderabad,115 kilometres ( 71 mi ) from Khammam , 165 kilometres ( 103 mi ) from Rajamahendravaram , 225 kilometres ( 140 mi ) from Guntur , 192 kilometres ( 119 mi ) from Vijayawada,177 kilometres ( 110 mi ) from Suryapet , 180 kilometres ( 112 mi ) from Warangal and 220 kilometres ( 137 mi ) , from the Andhra Pradesh State Capitals Amaravathi , Visakhapatnam ." } ] }, { "value": "Telangana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Telangana", "summary": "Telangana ( /tɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in India situated on the centre-south stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau . It is the twelfth largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 ( 43,273 sq mi ) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census . On 2 June 2014 , the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital . Its other major cities include Warangal , Nizamabad , Khammam and Karimnagar . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north , Chhattisgarh to the east , Karnataka to the west , and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south . The terrain of Telangana region consists mostly of hills , mountain ranges , and thick dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 ( 10,538 sq mi ) . As of 2019 , the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts . Throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages , the region now known as Telangana was ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Cholas , Mauryans , Satavahanas , Chalukyas , Kakatiyas , Delhi Sultanate , Bahmani Sultanate , Golconda Sultanate . During the 16th and 17th centuries , the region was ruled by the Mughals . The region is known for its Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb . During the 18th century and the British Raj , Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1823 , the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars ( Coastal Andhra ) and Ceded Districts ( Rayalseema ) , which were handed over to the East India Company ." } ] }, { "value": "C.T", "urls": [] }, { "value": "50,087", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bhainsa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bhainsa", "summary": "Bhainsa is a Division in Nirmal district of the Indian state of Telangana . It is the mandal headquarters of Bhainsa mandal of Bhainsa revenue division . Major crops include cotton , [ page needed ] paddy , maize , vegetables and sugarcane . [ citation needed ] Bhainsa is located at 19°06′00″N 77°58′00″E / 19.1000°N 77.9667°E / 19.1000 ; 77.9667 . It has an average elevation of 363 meters ( 1194 feet ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Telangana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Telangana", "summary": "Telangana ( /tɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ ( listen ) ) is a state in India situated on the centre-south stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau . It is the twelfth largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 ( 43,273 sq mi ) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census . On 2 June 2014 , the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed 29th state with Hyderabad as its historic permanent capital . Its other major cities include Warangal , Nizamabad , Khammam and Karimnagar . Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north , Chhattisgarh to the east , Karnataka to the west , and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south . The terrain of Telangana region consists mostly of hills , mountain ranges , and thick dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 ( 10,538 sq mi ) . As of 2019 , the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts . Throughout antiquity and the Middle Ages , the region now known as Telangana was ruled by multiple major Indian powers such as the Cholas , Mauryans , Satavahanas , Chalukyas , Kakatiyas , Delhi Sultanate , Bahmani Sultanate , Golconda Sultanate . During the 16th and 17th centuries , the region was ruled by the Mughals . The region is known for its Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb . During the 18th century and the British Raj , Telangana was ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad . In 1823 , the Nizams lost control over Northern Circars ( Coastal Andhra ) and Ceded Districts ( Rayalseema ) , which were handed over to the East India Company ." } ] }, { "value": "M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "49,764", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bhaiseena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bhaiseena", "summary": "Bhaiseena is a Town and Gram Panchayat headquarters ( which includes Bhaiseena , Khadraya , and Gazipur ) in Bhusawar tehsil of Bharatpur district in the state of Rajasthan , India ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajasthan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajasthan", "summary": "Rajasthan ( /ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation : [ raːdʒəsˈtʰaːn ] ( listen ) ; literally , Land of Kings ) is a state in northern India . The state covers an area of 342,239 square kilometres ( 132,139 sq mi ) or 10.4 percent of the total geographical area of India . It is the largest Indian state by area and the seventh largest by population . Rajasthan is located on the northwestern side of India , where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert ( also known as the Great Indian Desert ) and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west , along the Sutlej-Indus river valley . Elsewhere it is bordered by five other Indian states : Punjab to the north ; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast ; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast ; and Gujarat to the southwest . Major features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilisation at Kalibanga and Balathal , the Dilwara Temples , a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan 's only hill station , Mount Abu , in the ancient Aravalli mountain range and in eastern Rajasthan , the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur , a World Heritage Site known for its bird life . Rajasthan is also home to three national tiger reserves , the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur , Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar and Mukundra Hill Tiger Reserve in Kota . The state was formed on 30 March 1949 when Rajputana - the name adopted by the British Raj for its dependencies in the region - was merged into the Dominion of India . Its capital and largest city is Jaipur . Other important cities are Jodhpur , Kota , Bikaner , Ajmer and Udaipur . The economy of Rajasthan is the ninth-largest state economy in India with ₹9.24 lakh crore ( US $ 130 billion ) in gross domestic product and a per capita GDP of ₹108,000 ( US $ 1,500 ) . Rajasthan ranks 22nd among Indian states in human development index ." } ] }, { "value": "G.P", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3,200", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "B", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_populated_places_in_Adilabad_district_1", "intro": "The entire work of this article is based on Census of India, 2011, conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner, under Ministry of Home Affairs (India), Government of India." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_in_film", "title": "Muhammad in film", "header": [ "Date", "Production company", "Title", "Country of origin" ], "data": [ { "value": "September 3 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Moustapha Akkad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moustapha_Akkad", "summary": "Moustapha Al Akkad ( Arabic : مصطفى العقاد ; July 1 , 1930 - November 11 , 2005 ) was a Syrian American film producer and director , best known for producing the original series of Halloween films and directing The Message and Lion of the Desert . He was killed along with his daughter Rima Al Akkad Monla in the 2005 Amman bombings ." } ] }, { "value": "The Message ( or Mohammad , Messenger of God )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mohammad,_Messenger_of_God", "summary": "The Message ( Arabic : الرسالة Ar-Risālah ; originally known as Mohammad , Messenger of God ) is a 1976 epic historical drama film directed and produced by Moustapha Akkad , chronicling the life and times of the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the perspective of his uncle Hamza ibn Abdul-Muttalib and adopted son Zayd ibn Harithah . Released in both separately-filmed Arabic and English-language versions , The Message serves as an introduction to early Islamic history . The international ensemble cast includes Anthony Quinn , Irene Papas , Michael Ansara , Johnny Sekka , Michael Forest , André Morell , Garrick Hagon , Damien Thomas , and Martin Benson . It was an international co-production between Lebanon , Kuwait , Libya , Morocco , Saudi Arabia , and the United Kingdom . The film was nominated for Best Original Score in the 50th Academy Awards , composed by Maurice Jarre , but lost the award to Star Wars ( composed by John Williams ) ." } ] }, { "value": "UK USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "November 14 , 2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fine Media Group", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Muhammad : The Last Prophet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muhammad:_The_Last_Prophet", "summary": "Muhammad : The Last Prophet is a 2002 animated film and quranic epic produced by Badr International and directed by Richard Rich . The movie was released in limited cinemas in the United States and the United Kingdom . The film focuses on the early days of Islam and Muhammad . In accordance with Islamic law and tradition , Muhammad and the first four caliphs ( Abu Bakr , Umar , Uthman , and Ali ) are not depicted in the film or any of its prequels . Scenes that include Muhammad are shown from his perspective , with his words paraphrased by the narrator . The film has been approved by the Council of Al-Azhar Al-Shareef ( Islamic Research Academy in Egypt ) and the Supreme Islamic Shiite Council of Lebanon . Some characters , such as the main character Malek and the rest of his family , are fictional ." } ] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Service", "summary": "The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS ) is an American public broadcaster and television program distributor . It is a nonprofit organization and the most prominent provider of educational television programming to public television stations in the United States , distributing series such as American Experience , America 's Test Kitchen , Antiques Roadshow , Arthur , Barney & Friends , Clifford the Big Red Dog , Downton Abbey , Finding Your Roots , Frontline , The Magic School Bus , Masterpiece , Mister Rogers ' Neighborhood , Nature , Nova , the PBS NewsHour , Reading Rainbow , Sesame Street , Teletubbies , and This Old House . PBS is funded by a combination of member station dues , the Corporation for Public Broadcasting , National Datacast , pledge drives , and donations from both private foundations and individual citizens . All proposed funding for programming is subject to a set of standards to ensure the program is free of influence from the funding source . Since the mid-2000s , Roper Opinion Research polls commissioned by PBS have consistently placed the service as the most-trusted national institution in the United States . A 2016-2017 study by Nielsen Media Research found 80% of all US television households view the network 's programs over the course of a year . However , PBS is not responsible for all programming carried on public television stations , a large proportion of which may come from its member stations , including WGBH-TV , WETA-TV , WNET , WTTW , WHYY-TV , Twin Cities PBS , American Public Television , and independent producers . This distinction regarding the origin of different programs on the service present a frequent source of viewer confusion . PBS has more than 350 member television stations , many owned by educational institutions , nonprofit groups both independent or affiliated with one particular local public school district or collegiate educational institution , or entities owned by or related to state government ." } ] }, { "value": "Muhammad : Legacy of a Prophet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muhammad:_Legacy_of_a_Prophet", "summary": "Muhammad : Legacy of a Prophet is a PBS documentary film about the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad based on historical records and on the stories of living American Muslims who call Muhammad the Messenger of God . It was produced in 2002 by Alex Kronemer and Michael Wolfe of Unity Productions Foundation and Kikim Media ." } ] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "History Channel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)", "summary": "History ( formerly The History Channel from 1995 to 2008 ) is a pay television network that is owned by A+E Networks , a joint venture between Hearst Communications and the Disney Media Networks division of the Walt Disney Company . The network was originally focused on history-based documentaries and historical fiction series though , during the late 2000s , History would drift into male-oriented reality television programming . In addition to this change in format , the network is also criticized by many scientists , historians , and skeptics for broadcasting pseudodocumentaries and unsubstantiated , sensational investigative programming . As of February 2015 , around 96,149,000 American households ( 82.6% of households with television ) receive the network 's flagship channel , History . International localized versions of History are available , in various forms , in India , Canada , Europe , Australia , the Middle East , Africa , and Latin America ." } ] }, { "value": "Muhammad : Biography", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "2000 March 5 , 2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PBS", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Islam : Empire of Faith", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Islam:_Empire_of_Faith", "summary": "Islam : Empire of Faith is a documentary series , made in 2000 , that details the history of Islam , from the birth of the Islamic Prophet , Muhammad to the Ottoman Empire . It is narrated by Ben Kingsley and is available as three DVDs or two video volumes in NTSC format . The first episode deals with the life of Muhammad , the second with the early Caliphates , Crusades , and Mongol invasion , and the third with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid dynasty ." } ] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "March 12 , 2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mpi Home Video", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Story of Islam", "urls": [] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "September 25 , 2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Quantum Leaps ; EDS", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Understanding Islam : The Signs of the Last Day", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turkey", "summary": "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ." } ] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC ( BBC Four )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC", "summary": "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BBC_Four", "summary": "BBC Four is a British free-to-air television channel owned and operated by the BBC . It was launched on 2 March 2002 , with a schedule running from 7:00 pm to 4:00 am . The channel shows a wide variety of programmes including comedy , documentaries , music , international film , original programmes , drama and current affairs . an alternative to programmes on the mainstream TV channels . It is required by its licence to air at least 100 hours of new arts and music programmes , 110 hours of new factual programmes and to premiere 20 foreign films each year ." } ] }, { "value": "An Islamic History of Europe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "May 2 , 2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Muslim In The Family", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Smell of Paradise", "urls": [] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Why Did We Choose Islam : The Enlightenment", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 21 , 2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "National Geographic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Geographic_(magazine)", "summary": "National Geographic ( formerly the National Geographic Magazine and branded also as NAT GEO ) is the official magazine of the National Geographic Society . It has been published continuously since its first issue in 1888 , nine months after the Society itself was founded . It primarily contains articles about science , geography , history , and world culture . The magazine is known for its thick square-bound glossy format with a yellow rectangular border and its extensive use of dramatic photographs . Controlling interest in the magazine has been held by The Walt Disney Company since 2019 . The magazine is published monthly , and additional map supplements are also included with subscriptions . It is available in a traditional printed edition and through an interactive online edition . On occasion , special editions of the magazine are issued . [ citation needed ] As of 2015 , the magazine was circulated worldwide in nearly 40 local-language editions and had a global circulation of approximately 6.5 million per month according to data published by The Washington Post ( down from about 12 million in the late 1980s ) or 6.7 million according to National Geographic . This includes a US circulation of 3.5 million ." } ] }, { "value": "Inside Mecca", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Inside_Mecca", "summary": "Inside Mecca is a 2003 National Geographic documentary film by Anisa Mehdi that offers an intimate documentation of the annual pilgrimage to Mecca . Aside from providing insight regarding the universal principles of Islam , this production emphasizes the historical significance of Mecca to both the Muslim and non-Muslim population . Often constituting a journey of epic proportions , it follows several pilgrims throughout their trip , and highlight their physical and mental preparation , the strain induced by the journey itself , and the spiritual ecstasy experienced upon arrival . The film is narrated by American voice actor Keith David ." } ] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Me and the Mosque", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Me_and_the_Mosque", "summary": "Me and the Mosque is a 2005 Canadian documentary film by Zarqa Nawaz about the efforts of Muslim women in North America to pray in mosques , and the use of partitions to conceal women from male worshippers . In the documentary , Nawaz speaks with women from Canadian Islamic communities in British Columbia , Saskatchewan , Manitoba and Ontario . In the U.S. , she attends an Islamic Society of North America conference in Chicago , and speaks with journalist and activist Asra Nomani , activist Aminah Assilmi as well as author and speaker Tareq Al-Suwaidan about the role of women in Islam . Nawaz often takes a humorous approach to her subject matter ; the film also incorporates animated sequences . The film was produced as part of a National Film Board of Canada competition for emerging filmmakers of colour , in partnership with CBC Newsworld ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "March 2 , 2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Towers Productions", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Secrets of the Koran ( Decoding the Past )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Decoding_the_Past", "summary": "Decoding the Past ( 2005-2008 ) is a History Channel paranormal television series that decodes the past by looking for unusual , and mysterious things written about throughout history that may give clues as to what will happen in the future ." } ] }, { "value": "USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Muhammad : A Mercy to Mankind", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 18 , 2011 July 25 , 2011 August 1 , 2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BBC ( BBC Two )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/BBC", "summary": "The British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) is a British public service broadcaster . Its headquarters are at Broadcasting House in Westminster , London . It is the world 's oldest national broadcaster , and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees . It employs over 22,000 staff in total , more than 16,000 of whom are in public sector broadcasting . The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time , flexible , and fixed-contract staff are included . The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . Its work is funded principally by an annual television licence fee which is charged to all British households , companies , and organisations using any type of equipment to receive or record live television broadcasts and iPlayer catch-up . The fee is set by the British Government , agreed by Parliament , and used to fund the BBC 's radio , TV , and online services covering the nations and regions of the UK . Since 1 April 2014 , it has also funded the BBC World Service ( launched in 1932 as the BBC Empire Service ) , which broadcasts in 28 languages and provides comprehensive TV , radio , and online services in Arabic and Persian . Around a quarter of BBC 's revenue comes from its commercial subsidiary BBC Studios ( formerly BBC Worldwide ) , which sells BBC programmes and services internationally and also distributes the BBC 's international 24-hour English-language news services BBC World News , and from BBC.com , provided by BBC Global News Ltd . In 2009 , the company was awarded the Queen 's Award for Enterprise in recognition of its international achievements . From its inception , through the Second World War ( where its broadcasts helped to unite the nation ) , to the 21st century , the BBC has played a prominent role in British life and culture ." }, { "url": "/wiki/BBC_Two", "summary": "BBC Two is the second flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation ( BBC ) in the United Kingdom , the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands . It covers a wide range of subject matter , but tends to broadcast more highbrow programmes than the more mainstream and popular BBC One . Like the BBC 's other domestic TV and radio channels , it is funded by the television licence , and is therefore free of commercial advertising . It is a comparatively well-funded public-service network , regularly attaining a much higher audience share than most public-service networks worldwide . Originally styled BBC2 , it was the third British television station to be launched ( starting on 20 April 1964 ) , and from 1 July 1967 , Europe 's first television channel to broadcast regularly in colour . It was envisaged as a home for less mainstream and more ambitious programming , and while this tendency has continued to date , most special-interest programmes of a kind previously broadcast on BBC Two , for example the BBC Proms , now tend to appear on BBC Four instead ." } ] }, { "value": "The Life of Muhammad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Life_of_Muhammad", "summary": "The Life of Muhammad is a 2011 British three-part documentary miniseries examining the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the origins of Islam . The documentary was directed by Faris Kermani , written by Ziauddin Sardar , and presented by Rageh Omaar . It was broadcast by BBC Two over three consecutive weeks from 11 July 2011 to 25 July 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "UK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "March 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nurtaban Film Industry", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Muhammad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muhammad_(2015_film)", "summary": "Muhammad : The Messenger of God ( Persian : محمد رسول‌الله , romanized : Mohammad Rasulollah ) is a 2015 Iranian Islamic epic film directed by Majid Majidi and co-written with Kambuzia Partovi . The film is set in the sixth century where the story revolves around the childhood of the Islamic prophet Muhammad . The film marks the biggest-budget production in Iranian cinema to date . Development of Muhammad : The Messenger of God began in 2007 and Majidi wrote the first draft of the screenplay by 2009 . By 2011 , a colossal set created in the city of Qom near Tehran was ready for the majority of the film . Several scenes were filmed in South Africa . Throughout the filming process , Majidi worked with a team of historians and archaeologists for the work on accuracy of the early life of Prophet Muhammad . Post-production works began in Munich during late 2013 and were completed in 2014 . The cinematography is done by Vittorio Storaro and film score is composed by A. R. Rahman . The film was set to have its premiere at the Fajr International Film Festival on 1 February 2015 but was pulled out due to technical difficulties . For the critics , film-makers and journalists , a special screening was held at Cinema Farhang in Iran on 12 February 2015 . The film was released both in Iran and at Montreal World Film Festival on 27 August 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Iran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iran", "summary": "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List of films", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_films_about_Muhammad_0", "intro": "The depiction of Muhammad, the Islamic Prophet, in film (as with other visual depictions) is a controversial topic both within and outside of Islam. The Quran does not explicitly forbid images of Muhammad, but there are a few hadith (supplemental teachings) which have explicitly prohibited Muslims from creating visual depictions of figures. There is a split on this issue between the two major denominations of Islam, Sunni and Shia Islam. Most Sunni Muslims believe that visual depictions of all the prophets of Islam should be prohibited and are particularly averse to visual representations of Muhammad. In 1926, Egyptian actor Youssef Wahbi was in discussions to play Muhammad in a film financed by the Turkish government under Atatürk. When the Sunni Islamic Al-Azhar University in Cairo heard about it, scholars there released a fatwa stipulating that Islam forbids the depiction of Muhammad on screen and King Fuad then sent a severe warning to the actor, threatening to exile him and strip him of his Egyptian nationality. As a result of the controversy, the film was abandoned. In Shia Islam, scholars historically were also against such depictions, but have taken a more relaxed view over the years and images of Muhammad are quite common nowadays. A fatwa given by Ali al-Sistani, the Shi'a marja of Iraq, states that it is permissible to depict Muhammad, even in television or movies, if done with respect." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Nelson_(Magic:_The_Gathering_player)", "title": "Brad Nelson (Magic: The Gathering player)", "header": [ "Season", "Event type", "Location", "Format", "Date", "Rank" ], "data": [ { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2009", "summary": "The 2009 Pro Tour season was the fourteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 17 January 2009 with Grand Prix Los Angeles , and ended on 22 November 2009 with the conclusion of the 2009 World Championship in Rome . The season consisted of nineteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in Kyoto , Honolulu , Austin , and Rome . At the end of the season , Yuuya Watanabe was awarded the Pro Player of the Year , making him the first player to win both that title and the Rookie of the Year title which he had won two years prior . Frank Karsten , Kamiel Cornelissen , and Antoine Ruel were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the world championships in Rome ." } ] }, { "value": "Nationals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Magic:_The_Gathering_national_champions", "summary": "The Magic : The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships ( Nationals ) that year . ( with the exception of champions between 2012-16 , which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season ) Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn . Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality . In addition , Nationals required eligible players to qualify . ( prior to 2011 , countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held , meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament ) After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic : The Gathering organized play program , abandoning national championships , and restructuring the World Championship . From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season . At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships . As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned . The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019 . In 2018 , National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions . In most cases these regions line up with countries , but special exemptions were made in some cases , for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "Kansas City , Missouri", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 22-24 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2009", "summary": "The 2009 Pro Tour season was the fourteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 17 January 2009 with Grand Prix Los Angeles , and ended on 22 November 2009 with the conclusion of the 2009 World Championship in Rome . The season consisted of nineteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in Kyoto , Honolulu , Austin , and Rome . At the end of the season , Yuuya Watanabe was awarded the Pro Player of the Year , making him the first player to win both that title and the Rookie of the Year title which he had won two years prior . Frank Karsten , Kamiel Cornelissen , and Antoine Ruel were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the world championships in Rome ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Minneapolis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sealed and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 14 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Washington D.C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 22-23 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Pro Tour", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times ." } ] }, { "value": "San Juan , Puerto Rico", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Block Constructed and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 28-30 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Columbus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Legacy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 31-August 1 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Nationals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Magic:_The_Gathering_national_champions", "summary": "The Magic : The Gathering national champions are the players who won National Championships ( Nationals ) that year . ( with the exception of champions between 2012-16 , which were awarded to players with the most Pro Points at the end of a Pro Tour season ) Nationals took place around the world usually in summer or autumn . Eligibility to play in a national championship was determined on residence instead of nationality . In addition , Nationals required eligible players to qualify . ( prior to 2011 , countries with smaller populations of Magic players open nationals were held , meaning that any eligible player could compete in this tournament ) After 2011 Nationals were discontinued by Wizards of the Coast when they restructured their Magic : The Gathering organized play program , abandoning national championships , and restructuring the World Championship . From 2012 to 2016 the title of National Champion was awarded to the player with the most Pro Points of any given country at the end of a Pro Tour season . At the end of 2018 Wizards of the Coast announced that in 2019 there would be no National Championships . As of April 2019 it is unclear whether Nationals are on hiatus or abandoned . The title National Champion will not be awarded in 2019 . In 2018 , National Champions were determined in 74 nations and regions . In most cases these regions line up with countries , but special exemptions were made in some cases , for example Puerto Rico and the countries of the United Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "Minneapolis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 19-22 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Pro Tour", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times ." } ] }, { "value": "Amsterdam", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Extended and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "September 3-5 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2010", "summary": "The 2010 Pro Tour season was the fifteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It began on 13 February 2010 with Grand Prix Oakland , and ended on 12 December 2010 with the conclusion of the 2010 World Championship in Chiba , Japan . The season consisted of eighteen Grand Prixs , and four Pro Tours , located in San Diego , San Juan , Amsterdam , and Chiba . Gabriel Nassif , Brian Kibler , and Bram Snepvangers were inducted into the Hall of Fame at the World Championship in Chiba . Although the season formally ended with the conclusion of the World Championship , the final title of season was not awarded until three months later . Guillaume Matignon and Brad Nelson tied for Player of the Year . The title was decided by a single match between the two at the 2011 Pro Tour in Paris , which Nelson won by four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Toronto", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sealed and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 23-24 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012-13", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2012–13", "summary": "The 2012-13 Pro Tour season was the eighteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 19 May 2012 with Grand Prix Malmö , and ended on 19 May 2013 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Dragon 's Maze in San Diego . The season consisted of 44 Grand Prix and three Pro Tours , which were held in Seattle , Montreal and San Diego . At the end of the season Josh Utter-Leyton was proclaimed Pro Player of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Minneapolis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 19-20 , 2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012-13", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2012–13", "summary": "The 2012-13 Pro Tour season was the eighteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 19 May 2012 with Grand Prix Malmö , and ended on 19 May 2013 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Dragon 's Maze in San Diego . The season consisted of 44 Grand Prix and three Pro Tours , which were held in Seattle , Montreal and San Diego . At the end of the season Josh Utter-Leyton was proclaimed Pro Player of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Atlantic City", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 12-13 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013-14", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2013–14", "summary": "The 2013-14 Pro Tour season was the nineteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 25 May with Grand Prix Guadalajara and ended on 3 August 2014 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Magic 2015 in Portland . The season consisted of 57 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Dublin , Valencia , Atlanta , and Portland ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Miami", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 29-30 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013-14", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2013–14", "summary": "The 2013-14 Pro Tour season was the nineteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 25 May with Grand Prix Guadalajara and ended on 3 August 2014 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Magic 2015 in Portland . The season consisted of 57 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Dublin , Valencia , Atlanta , and Portland ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Louisville", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 19-20 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013-14", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2013–14", "summary": "The 2013-14 Pro Tour season was the nineteenth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 25 May with Grand Prix Guadalajara and ended on 3 August 2014 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Magic 2015 in Portland . The season consisted of 57 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Dublin , Valencia , Atlanta , and Portland ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Cincinnati", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "March 22-23 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014-15", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2014–15", "summary": "The 2014-15 Pro Tour season was the twentieth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 9 August 2014 with Grand Prix Portland and Utrecht and ended on 2 August 2015 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Vancouver . The season consisted of 51 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Honolulu , Washington , D.C. , Brussels , and Vancouver ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Los Angeles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "October 18-19 , 2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014-15", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2014–15", "summary": "The 2014-15 Pro Tour season was the twentieth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 9 August 2014 with Grand Prix Portland and Utrecht and ended on 2 August 2015 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Vancouver . The season consisted of 51 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Honolulu , Washington , D.C. , Brussels , and Vancouver ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Memphis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "February 21-22 , 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014-15", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2014–15", "summary": "The 2014-15 Pro Tour season was the twentieth season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 9 August 2014 with Grand Prix Portland and Utrecht and ended on 2 August 2015 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Vancouver . The season consisted of 51 Grand Prix and four Pro Tours , located in Honolulu , Washington , D.C. , Brussels , and Vancouver ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Toronto", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 2-3 , 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2015-16", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2015–16", "summary": "The 2015-16 Pro Tour season was the twenty-first season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 8 August 2015 with Grand Prix San Diego and Hong Kong and ended on 7 August 2016 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Sydney . The season consisted of 49 Grand Prix and 4 Pro Tours , located in Milwaukee , Atlanta , Madrid , and Sydney ." } ] }, { "value": "Pro Tour", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pro_Tour_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "The Pro Tour ( often abbreviated as PT ) is the second-highest form of competitive play ( after the World Championship ) for the Magic : The Gathering collectible card game . It consists of a series of tournaments held throughout the world , each requiring an invitation to participate . Every Pro Tour awards a total of $ 240,000 in cash prizes , with $ 50,000 going to the winner . Pro Tour competitors also receive Pro Points , the amount depending on their results . Pro Points award special benefits to players , including automatic qualification and travel awards for subsequent Pro Tours . Currently , four Pro Tours are held during a twelve-month season also known colloquially as a year . The Pro Tour was introduced in 1996 with the first event being held in New York . Over 100 such tournaments have been held since . Finishing within the Top 8 of a Pro Tour is considered to be one of the greatest accomplishments a competitive Magic player can achieve . Professional players are thus often compared by the number of Pro Tour Top 8 finishes they have made throughout their career . The most successful players on the Pro Tour are Kai Budde , who won seven Pro Tours out of ten Top 8 finishes , and Jon Finkel , who won three Pro Tours , while making it to the Top 8 sixteen times ." } ] }, { "value": "Madrid", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard and Booster Draft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 22-24 , 2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2016-17", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magic:_The_Gathering_Pro_Tour_season_2016–17", "summary": "The 2016-17 Pro Tour season was the twenty-second season of the Magic : The Gathering Pro Tour . It started on 13 August 2016 with Grand Prix Portland and Rimini and ended on 30 July 2017 with the conclusion of Pro Tour Kyoto . The season consisted of 49 Grand Prix and 4 Pro Tours , located in Honolulu , Dublin , Nashville , and Kyoto ." } ] }, { "value": "Grand Prix", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Prix_(Magic:_The_Gathering)", "summary": "Grands Prix ( GPs ) are professional Magic : The Gathering tournaments , awarding cash prizes , Pro Points and invitations to Pro Tours . They are open to all players and are usually the biggest Magic tournaments . The first Grand Prix was held on 22-23 March 1997 in Amsterdam ( Netherlands ) . By the end of 2018 , 654 Grand Prix events have been held , the biggest being GP Las Vegas 2015 with 7,551 competitors , making it the biggest trading card game tournament ever held . Grand Prix tournaments are the main event of a minimum three-day mini-convention . The term Grand Prix can refer to either the tournament or to the entire weekend . Starting in 2019 , as part of a broader re-branding , the term MagicFest was introduced to refer to the overall event , which includes both the Grand Prix main event and a number of Side Events , which last for only a few hours and which have comparatively smaller prize pools ." } ] }, { "value": "Omaha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Standard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 2-4 , 2017", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Magic : The Gathering -- Achievements", "section_text": "", "uid": "Brad_Nelson_(Magic:_The_Gathering_player)_0", "intro": "Brad Nelson is an American Magic: The Gathering player. Also known by his Magic: The Gathering Online name, FFfreaK, he has three Pro Tour top eights, and thirteen Grand Prix top eights, including two wins. In 2010, Nelson became the first non-Japanese player since Gabriel Nassif in 2004 and the first American player since Bob Maher in 2000 to earn the Player of the Year title. However, Nelson did not receive his title for Player of the Year 2010 until February 2011 after winning the first-ever Player of the Year Tie playoff match against Guillaume Matignon of France." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Recording_Registry", "title": "National Recording Registry", "header": [ "Recording or collection", "Performer or agent", "Year" ], "data": [ { "value": "Uncle Josh and the Insurance Agent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cal Stewart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_Stewart", "summary": "Cal Stewart ( b . 1856 Charlotte County , Virginia , d. December 7 , 1919 ) was an American comedian and humorist who pioneered in vaudeville and early sound recordings . He is best remembered for his comic monologues in which he played Uncle Josh Weathersby , a resident of a mythical New England farming town called Punkin Center . Born in Charlotte County , Virginia in 1856 , Stewart spent his early life working in circuses , medicine shows and vaudeville to great acclaim as Uncle Josh Weathersby from Way Down East . It was on the road that he befriended Mark Twain and later Will Rogers , two men who shared similar wit in comedy . Around 1897 , Thomas Edison 's studios hired him to cut several cylinder recordings of his famous speeches and songs . They were well received by the public , and launched an entire series of recordings based on the Uncle Josh character . Stewart 's trademark on these recordings is the easily recognizable laugh that precedes his speeches . Best-selling recordings included Uncle Joshs Arrival in New York ( 1898 ) , I 'm Old But I 'm Awfully Tough ( Laughing Song ) ( 1898 ) , Jim Lawson 's Horse Trade With Deacon Witherspoon ( 1901 ) , Uncle Josh 's Huskin ' Bee Dance ( 1901 ) , and Uncle Josh Buys an Automobile ( 1903 ) . He wrote the song Ticklish Reuben in 1900 . Stewart continued recording on Edison , Columbia , Victor , and independent labels up until his death on December 7 , 1919 . He also wrote two books based on his monologues and performed in theaters across America with his wife and her brother and sister ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Il Mio Tesoro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Il_mio_tesoro", "summary": "Il mio tesoro ( or Il mio tesoro intanto ) is an aria for lyric tenor voice from scene 2 in act 2 of Mozart 's opera Don Giovanni . It is often performed in recitals and featured in anthologies of music for tenor . In the aria , Don Ottavio , a young nobleman , urges the listener to assure his ( the nobleman 's ) beloved fiancée , Donna Anna , that he intends to secure vengeance for her against the man who murdered her father ." } ] }, { "value": "John McCormack ; orchestra conducted by Walter Rogers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_McCormack_(tenor)", "summary": "John Francis McCormack , Count of the Holy Roman Church , [ a ] KSG , KSS , KHS ( 14 June 1884 - 16 September 1945 ) , was an Irish tenor celebrated for his performances of the operatic and popular song repertoires , and renowned for his diction and breath control . He was also a Papal Count . He became a naturalised American citizen before returning to live in Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "1916", "urls": [] }, { "value": "National Defense Test", "urls": [] }, { "value": "General John J. Pershing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_J._Pershing", "summary": "General of the Armies John Joseph Black Jack Pershing ( September 13 , 1860 - July 15 , 1948 ) GCB was a senior United States Army officer . His most famous post was when he served as the commander of the American Expeditionary Forces ( AEF ) on the Western Front in World War I , 1917-18 . Pershing rejected British and French demands that American forces be integrated with their armies , and insisted that the AEF would operate as a single unit under his command , although some American divisions fought under British command , and he also allowed all-black units to be integrated with the French army . Pershing 's soldiers first saw serious battle at Cantigny , Chateau-Thierry , Belleau Wood , and Soissons . To speed up the arrival of American troops , they embarked for France leaving heavy equipment behind , and used British and French tanks , artillery , airplanes and other munitions . In September 1918 at St. Mihiel , the First Army was directly under Pershing 's command ; it overwhelmed the salient - the encroachment into Allied territory - that the German Army had held for three years . For the Meuse-Argonne Offensive , Pershing shifted roughly 600,000 American soldiers to the heavily defended forests of the Argonne , keeping his divisions engaged in hard fighting for 47 days , alongside the French . The Allied Hundred Days Offensive , which the Argonne fighting was part of , contributed to Germany calling for an armistice . Pershing was of the opinion that the war should continue and that all of Germany should be occupied in an effort to permanently destroy German militarism . Pershing is the only American to be promoted in his own lifetime to General of the Armies rank , the highest possible rank in the United States Army . [ Notes 1 ] Allowed to select his own insignia , Pershing chose to use four gold stars to distinguish himself from those officers who held the rank of General , which was signified with four silver stars . After the creation of the five-star General of the Army rank during World War II , his rank of General of the Armies could unofficially be considered that of a six-star general , but he died before the proposed insignia could be considered and acted on by Congress ." } ] }, { "value": "September 12 , 1924", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Black Bottom Stomp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Black_Bottom_(dance)", "summary": "The black bottom is a dance which became popular in the 1920s - the Roaring Twenties , also known as the Jazz Age , and the era of the flapper . It was danced solo or by couples . Originating among African Americans in the rural South , the black bottom eventually was adopted by mainstream American culture and became a national craze in the 1920s . The dance was most famously performed by Ann Pennington , a star of the Ziegfeld Follies , who performed it in a Broadway revue staged by Ziegfeld 's rival George White in 1926 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jelly Roll Morton 's Red Hot Peppers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jelly_Roll_Morton", "summary": "Ferdinand Joseph LaMothe ( October 20 , 1890 - July 10 , 1941 ) , known professionally as Jelly Roll Morton , was an American ragtime and early jazz pianist , bandleader and composer who started his career in New Orleans , Louisiana . Widely recognized as a pivotal figure in early jazz , Morton was jazz 's first arranger , proving that a genre rooted in improvisation could retain its essential spirit and characteristics when notated . His composition Jelly Roll Blues , published in 1915 , was the first published jazz composition . Morton also wrote the standards King Porter Stomp , Wolverine Blues , Black Bottom Stomp , and I Thought I Heard Buddy Bolden Say , the last a tribute to New Orleans musicians from the turn of the 20th century . Morton 's claim to have invented jazz in 1902 aroused resentment . The jazz historian , musician , and composer Gunther Schuller says of Morton 's hyperbolic assertions that there is no proof to the contrary and that Morton 's considerable accomplishments in themselves provide reasonable substantiation . Alan Lomax , who recorded extensive biographical interviews of Morton at the Library of Congress in 1938 , did not agree that Morton was an egotist :" } ] }, { "value": "1926", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wildwood Flower", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wildwood_Flower", "summary": "Wildwood Flower ( or The Wildwood Flower ) is an American song , best known through performances and recordings by the Carter Family . It is a folk song , cataloged as Roud Folk Song Index No . 757 ." } ] }, { "value": "Carter Family", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carter_Family", "summary": "The Carter Family is a traditional American folk music group that recorded between 1927 and 1956 . Their music had a profound impact on bluegrass , country , Southern Gospel , pop and rock musicians as well as on the U.S. folk revival of the 1960s . They were the first vocal group to become country music stars , and were among the first groups to record commercially produced country music in recorded history . Their first recordings were made in Bristol , Tennessee under producer Ralph Peer on August 1 , 1927 , the day before country singer Jimmie Rodgers also made his initial recordings under Peer . Their recordings of songs such as Wabash Cannonball , Can the Circle Be Unbroken , Wildwood Flower , Keep On the Sunny Side and I 'm Thinking Tonight of My Blue Eyes made these songs country standards . The tune of the last was used for Roy Acuff 's The Great Speckled Bird , Hank Thompson 's The Wild Side of Life and Kitty Wells ' It Was n't God Who Made Honky Tonk Angels , making the song a hit all over again in other incarnations . The original group consisted of A. P. Carter , his wife Sara Carter , and his sister-in-law Maybelle Carter . Maybelle was married to A.P . 's brother Ezra Carter ( Eck ) , and was also Sara 's first cousin . All three were born and raised in Southwest Virginia , where they were immersed in the tight harmonies of mountain gospel music and shape note singing . Throughout the group 's career , Sara Carter sang lead vocals and played rhythm guitar or autoharp , and Maybelle sang harmony and played lead guitar . On some songs A.P ." } ] }, { "value": "1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pony Blues", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pony_Blues", "summary": "Pony Blues is a Delta blues song recorded by blues musician Charley Patton . Patton recorded the song in June 1929 during his very first session . The song was also the first song to be released by Patton on the Paramount label ." } ] }, { "value": "Charley Patton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charley_Patton", "summary": "Charley Patton ( died April 28 , 1934 ) , also known as Charlie Patton , was an American Delta blues musician . Considered by many to be the Father of the Delta Blues , he created an enduring body of American music and inspired most Delta blues musicians . The musicologist Robert Palmer considered him one of the most important American musicians of the twentieth century . Patton ( who was well educated by the standards of his time ) spelled his name Charlie , but many sources , including record labels and his gravestone , use the spelling Charley ." } ] }, { "value": "1929", "urls": [] }, { "value": "You 're the Top", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/You're_the_Top", "summary": "You 're the Top is a Cole Porter song from the 1934 musical Anything Goes . It is about a man and a woman who take turns complimenting each other . The best-selling version was Paul Whiteman 's Victor single , which made the top five . It was the most popular song from Anything Goes at the start with hundreds of parodies . The lyrics are particularly notable because they offer a snapshot as to what was highly prized in the mid-1930s and demonstrate Porter 's rhyming ability . [ citation needed ] Some of the lyrics were re-written by P. G. Wodehouse for the British version of Anything Goes ." } ] }, { "value": "Cole Porter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cole_Porter", "summary": "Cole Albert Porter ( June 9 , 1891 - October 15 , 1964 ) was an American composer and songwriter . Many of his songs became standards noted for their witty , urbane lyrics , and many of his scores found success on Broadway and in film . Born to a wealthy family in Indiana , Porter defied his grandfather 's wishes and took up music as a profession . Classically trained , he was drawn to musical theatre . After a slow start , he began to achieve success in the 1920s , and by the 1930s he was one of the major songwriters for the Broadway musical stage . Unlike many successful Broadway composers , Porter wrote the lyrics as well as the music for his songs . After a serious horseback riding accident in 1937 , Porter was left disabled and in constant pain , but he continued to work . His shows of the early 1940s did not contain the lasting hits of his best work of the 1920s and '30s , but in 1948 he made a triumphant comeback with his most successful musical , Kiss Me , Kate . It won the first Tony Award for Best Musical . Porter 's other musicals include Fifty Million Frenchmen , DuBarry Was a Lady , Anything Goes , Can-Can and Silk Stockings . His numerous hit songs include Night and Day , Begin the Beguine , I Get a Kick Out of You , Well , Did You Evah ! , I 've Got You Under My Skin , My Heart Belongs to Daddy and You 're the Top . He also composed scores for films from the 1930s to the 1950s , including Born to Dance ( 1936 ) , which featured the song You 'd Be So Easy to Love ; Rosalie ( 1937 ) , which featured In the Still of the Night ; High Society ( 1956 ) , which included True Love ; and Les Girls ( 1957 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1934", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Lone Ranger Episode : The Osage Bank Robbery", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Lone_Ranger", "summary": "The Lone Ranger is an American western drama television series that aired on the ABC Television network from 1949 to 1957 , with Clayton Moore in the starring role . Jay Silverheels , a member of the Mohawk Aboriginal people in Canada , played The Lone Ranger 's Indian companion Tonto . John Hart replaced Moore in the title role from 1952 to 1954 owing to a contract dispute . Fred Foy , who had been both narrator and announcer of the radio series from 1948 until its ending , was the announcer . Gerald Mohr was originally employed as the narrator for the television series , but story narration was dropped after 16 episodes . The Lone Ranger was the highest-rated television program on ABC in the early 1950s and its first true hit . The series finished # 7 in the Nielsen ratings for the 1950-1951 season , # 18 for 1951-1952 and # 29 for 1952-1953 ." } ] }, { "value": "Earle Graser , John Todd", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earle_Graser", "summary": "Earle Graser ( March 31 , 1909 - April 8 , 1941 ) was an American radio actor at radio station WXYZ , Detroit , Michigan ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Day of Infamy speech to Congress", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Congress", "summary": "The United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States , and consists of two chambers : the House of Representatives and the Senate . The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington , D.C . Both senators and representatives are chosen through direct election , though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a gubernatorial appointment . Congress has 535 voting members : 435 representatives and 100 senators . The House of Representatives has six non-voting members representing Puerto Rico , American Samoa , Guam , the Northern Mariana Islands , the U.S. Virgin Islands , and the District of Columbia in addition to its 435 voting members . Although they can not vote in the full house , these members can address the house , sit and vote in congressional committees , and introduce legislation . The members of the House of Representatives serve two-year terms representing the people of a single constituency , known as a district . Congressional districts are apportioned to states by population using the United States Census results , provided that each state has at least one congressional representative . Each state , regardless of population or size , has two senators . Currently , there are 100 senators representing the 50 states . Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term , with terms staggered , so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election . To be eligible for election , a candidate must be aged at least 25 ( House ) or 30 ( Senate ) , have been a citizen of the United States for seven ( House ) or nine ( Senate ) years , and be an inhabitant of the state which they represent ." } ] }, { "value": "Franklin D. Roosevelt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt", "summary": "Franklin Delano Roosevelt ( /ˈroʊzəvəlt/ , /-vɛlt/ ; January 30 , 1882 - April 12 , 1945 ) , often referred to by his initials FDR , was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945 . A member of the Democratic Party , he won a record four presidential elections and became a central figure in world events during the first half of the 20th century . Roosevelt directed the federal government during most of the Great Depression , implementing his New Deal domestic agenda in response to the worst economic crisis in U.S. history . As a dominant leader of his party , he built the New Deal Coalition , which realigned American politics into the Fifth Party System and defined American liberalism throughout the middle third of the 20th century . His third and fourth terms were dominated by World War II , which ended shortly after he died in office . He is rated by scholars as one of the three greatest U.S. presidents , along with George Washington and Abraham Lincoln , but has also been subject to substantial criticism . Roosevelt was born in Hyde Park , New York , to a Dutch American family made well known by the reputation of Theodore Roosevelt , the 26th president of the United States , and William Henry Aspinwall . FDR graduated from Groton School and Harvard College and attended Columbia Law School but left after passing the bar exam to practice law in New York City . In 1905 , he married his fifth cousin once removed , Eleanor Roosevelt . They had six children , of whom five survived into adulthood . He won election to the New York State Senate in 1910 , and then served as Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson during World War I. Roosevelt was James M. Cox 's running mate on the Democratic Party 's 1920 national ticket , but Cox was defeated by Republican Warren G. Harding . In 1921 , Roosevelt contracted a paralytic illness , believed at the time to be polio , and his legs became permanently paralyzed ." } ] }, { "value": "December 8 , 1941", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Native Brazilian music recorded under the supervision of Leopold Stokowski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leopold_Stokowski", "summary": "Leopold Anthony Stokowski ( 18 April 1882-13 September 1977 ) was an English conductor of Polish descent . One of the leading conductors of the early and mid-20th century , he is best known for his long association with the Philadelphia Orchestra and his appearance in the Disney film Fantasia . He was especially noted for his free-hand conducting style that spurned the traditional baton and for obtaining a characteristically sumptuous sound from the orchestras he directed . Stokowski was music director of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra , the Philadelphia Orchestra , the NBC Symphony Orchestra , New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra , the Houston Symphony Orchestra , the Symphony of the Air and many others . He was also the founder of the All-American Youth Orchestra , the New York City Symphony , the Hollywood Bowl Symphony Orchestra and the American Symphony Orchestra . Stokowski conducted the music for and appeared in several Hollywood films , most notably Disney 's Fantasia , and was a lifelong champion of contemporary composers , giving many premieres of new music during his 60-year conducting career . Stokowski , who made his official conducting debut in 1909 , appeared in public for the last time in 1975 but continued making recordings until June 1977 , a few months before his death at the age of 95 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pixinguinha , Donga , Cartola , Jararaca , Ratinho and José Espinguela", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pixinguinha", "summary": "Alfredo da Rocha Viana , Jr. , better known as Pixinguinha ( Portuguese : [ piʃĩˈɡiɲə ] ; April 23 , 1897 - February 17 , 1973 ) was a composer , arranger , flautist and saxophonist born in Rio de Janeiro . Pixinguinha is considered one of the greatest Brazilian composers of popular music , particularly within the genre of music known as choro . By integrating the music of the older choro composers of the 19th century with contemporary jazz-like harmonies , Afro-Brazilian rhythms , and sophisticated arrangements , he introduced choro to a new audience and helped to popularize it as a uniquely Brazilian genre . He was also one of the first Brazilian musicians and composers to take advantage of the new professional opportunities offered to musicians by the new technologies of radio broadcasting and studio recording . Pixinguinha composed dozens of choros , including some of the most well-known works in the genre such as Carinhoso , Glória , Lamento and Um a Zero ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cartola", "summary": "Angenor de Oliveira , known as Cartola ( Portuguese for top hat ) , ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ kaɦˈtɔlɐ ] ; October 11 , 1908 - November 30 , 1980 ) was a Brazilian singer , composer and poet considered to be a major figure in the development of samba . Cartola composed , alone or with partners , more than 500 songs ." } ] }, { "value": "1942", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peace in the Valley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peace_in_the_Valley", "summary": "Peace in the Valley is a 1937 song written by Thomas A. Dorsey , originally for Mahalia Jackson . The song became a hit in 1951 for Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys , reaching number seven on the Country & Western Best Seller chart . It was among the first gospel recordings to sell one million copies . Foley 's version was a 2006 entry into the Library of Congress ' National Recording Registry . In 1950 , it was one of the first songs recorded by a young Sam Cooke , during his tenure as lead singer of the Soul Stirrers . After the success of Red Foley 's interpretation , Jo Stafford recorded the song for her 1954 gospel album Garden of Prayer . The song achieved mass coverage during Elvis Presley 's third and final appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show on January 6 , 1957 . Before an audience estimated at 54.6 million viewers , Presley closed the show by dedicating the song to the 250,000 refugees fleeing Hungary after the 24 and 31 October 1956 double-invasion of that country by the Soviet Union . Because he also requested that immediate aid be sent to lessen their plight , the appeal in turn yielded contributions amounting to US $ 6 million , or the equivalent of US $ 49.5 million in today 's money . Over the next 11 months , the International Red Cross in Geneva , with the help of the US Air Force , organized the distribution of both perishables and non-perishables purchased with the above-mentioned funds ( Swiss Francs 26.2 million , at the then 4.31 CHFR-US $ exchange ) to the refugees in both Austria and England where they settled for life . On October 15 , 1957 , Presley 's first Christmas album , containing a master studio recording of the song , was released , topping the Billboard Charts for four weeks and selling in excess of three million copies , as certified by the RIAA on July 15 , 1999 . Because of these developments , István Tarlós , the Mayor of the city of Budapest , in 2011 and as a gesture of belated gratitude , named a park after him , as well as making him an honorary citizen ." } ] }, { "value": "Red Foley and the Sunshine Boys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Red_Foley", "summary": "Clyde Julian Foley ( June 17 , 1910 - September 19 , 1968 ) , known professionally as Red Foley , was an American singer , musician , and radio and TV personality who made a major contribution to the growth of country music after World War II . For more than two decades , Foley was one of the biggest stars of the genre , selling more than 25 million records . His 1951 hit , Peace in the Valley , was among the first million-selling gospel records . A Grand Ole Opry veteran until his death , Foley also hosted the first popular country music series on network television , Ozark Jubilee , from 1955 to 1960 . He is a member of the Country Music Hall of Fame , which called him one of the most versatile and moving performers of all time and a giant influence during the formative years of contemporary Country music ." } ] }, { "value": "1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Polonaise in A Major ( Polonaise militaire ) , Op . 40 , No . 1 , by Frédéric Chopin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Polonaises_Op._40_(Chopin)", "summary": "The twin Op . 40 Polonaises of the Polonaise in A major , Op . 40 , No . 1 ( nicknamed the Military Polonaise ) and the Polonaise in C minor , Op . 40 , No . 2 were composed by Frédéric Chopin in 1838 . Anton Rubinstein remarked that the Polonaise in A major is the symbol of Polish glory , whilst the Polonaise in C minor is the symbol of Polish tragedy ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Frédéric_Chopin", "summary": "Frédéric François Chopin ( UK : /ˈʃɒpæ̃/ , US : /ʃoʊˈpæn/ , French : [ ʃɔpɛ̃ ] , Polish : [ ˈʂɔpɛn ] ; 1 March 1810 - 17 October 1849 ) was a Polish composer and virtuoso pianist of the Romantic era who wrote primarily for solo piano . He has maintained worldwide renown as a leading musician of his era , one whose poetic genius was based on a professional technique that was without equal in his generation . Chopin was born Fryderyk Franciszek Chopin in the Duchy of Warsaw and grew up in Warsaw , which in 1815 became part of Congress Poland . A child prodigy , he completed his musical education and composed his earlier works in Warsaw before leaving Poland at the age of 20 , less than a month before the outbreak of the November 1830 Uprising . At 21 , he settled in Paris . Thereafter - in the last 18 years of his life - he gave only 30 public performances , preferring the more intimate atmosphere of the salon . He supported himself by selling his compositions and by giving piano lessons , for which he was in high demand . Chopin formed a friendship with Franz Liszt and was admired by many of his other musical contemporaries ( including Robert Schumann ) . After a failed engagement to Maria Wodzińska from 1836 to 1837 , he maintained an often troubled relationship with the French writer Amantine Dupin ( known by her pen name , George Sand ) . A brief and unhappy visit to Majorca with Sand in 1838-39 would prove one of his most productive periods of composition . In his final years , he was supported financially by his admirer Jane Stirling , who also arranged for him to visit Scotland in 1848 . For most of his life , Chopin was in poor health ." } ] }, { "value": "Artur Rubinstein", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Artur_Rubinstein", "summary": "Arthur Rubinstein KBE OSE GOSE ( Polish : Artur Rubinstein ; 28 January 1887 - 20 December 1982 ) was a Polish American classical pianist . He received international acclaim for his performances of the music written by a variety of composers and many regard him as the greatest Chopin interpreter of his time . He has been described as one of the greatest pianists of the twentieth century . He played in public for eight decades ." } ] }, { "value": "1952", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Blue Suede Shoes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blue_Suede_Shoes", "summary": "Blue Suede Shoes is a rock-and-roll standard written and first recorded by Carl Perkins in 1955 . It is considered one of the first rockabilly records , incorporating elements of blues , country and pop music of the time . Perkins ' original version of the song was on the Cashbox Best Selling Singles list for 16 weeks and spent two weeks in the number two position . Elvis Presley performed his version of the song three different times on national television . It was also recorded by Buddy Holly and Eddie Cochran , among many others ." } ] }, { "value": "Carl Perkins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Perkins", "summary": "Carl Lee Perkins ( April 9 , 1932 - January 19 , 1998 ) was an American singer-songwriter who recorded most notably at the Sun Studio , in Memphis , beginning in 1954 . Amongst his best-known songs are Blue Suede Shoes , Matchbox and Everybody 's Trying to Be My Baby . According to Charlie Daniels , Carl Perkins ' songs personified the rockabilly era , and Carl Perkins ' sound personifies the rockabilly sound more so than anybody involved in it , because he never changed . Perkins 's songs were recorded by artists ( and friends ) as influential as Elvis Presley , the Beatles , Jimi Hendrix , Johnny Cash and Eric Clapton which further established his place in the history of popular music . Paul McCartney claimed that if there were no Carl Perkins , there would be no Beatles . Called the King of Rockabilly , he was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame , the Rockabilly Hall of Fame , the Memphis Music Hall of Fame , and the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame . He also received a Grammy Hall of Fame Award ." } ] }, { "value": "1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interviews with William Billy Bell ( Canadian-Irish northwoods work songs )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Recorded by Edward D. Sandy Ives", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1956", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Howl", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Howl", "summary": "Howl , also known as Howl for Carl Solomon , is a poem written by Allen Ginsberg in 1954-1955 and published in his 1956 collection Howl and Other Poems . The poem is dedicated to Carl Solomon . Ginsberg began work on Howl in 1954 . In the Paul Blackburn Tape Archive at the University of California , San Diego , Ginsberg can be heard reading early drafts of his poem to his fellow writing associates . Howl is considered to be one of the great works of American literature . It came to be associated with the group of writers known as the Beat Generation . It is not true that Howl was written as a performance piece and later published by poet Lawrence Ferlinghetti of City Lights Books . This myth was perpetuated by Ferlinghetti as part of the defense 's case during the poem 's obscenity trial . Upon the poem 's release , Ferlinghetti and the bookstore 's manager , Shigeyoshi Murao , were charged with disseminating obscene literature , and both were arrested . On October 3 , 1957 , Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that the poem was not obscene ." } ] }, { "value": "Allen Ginsberg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allen_Ginsberg", "summary": "Irwin Allen Ginsberg ( /ˈɡɪnzbɜːrɡ/ ; June 3 , 1926 - April 5 , 1997 ) was an American poet , philosopher , and writer . As a Columbia University college student in the 1940s , he began friendships with William S. Burroughs and Jack Kerouac , forming the core of the Beat Generation . He vigorously opposed militarism , economic materialism , and sexual repression , and he embodied various aspects of this counterculture with his views on drugs , hostility to bureaucracy , and openness to Eastern religions . Ginsberg is best known for his poem Howl in which he denounced what he saw as the destructive forces of capitalism and conformity in the United States . San Francisco police and US Customs seized Howl in 1956 , and it attracted widespread publicity in 1957 when it became the subject of an obscenity trial , as it described heterosexual and homosexual sex at a time when sodomy laws made homosexual acts a crime in every state . The poem reflected Ginsberg 's own sexuality and his relationships with a number of men , including Peter Orlovsky , his lifelong partner . Judge Clayton W. Horn ruled that Howl was not obscene : Would there be any freedom of press or speech if one must reduce his vocabulary to vapid innocuous euphemisms ? Ginsberg was a Buddhist who studied Eastern religious disciplines extensively . He lived modestly , buying his clothing in second-hand stores and residing in apartments in New York 's East Village . One of his most influential teachers was Tibetan Buddhist Chögyam Trungpa , the founder of the Naropa Institute in Boulder , Colorado . At Trungpa 's urging , Ginsberg and poet Anne Waldman started The Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics there in 1974 . Ginsberg took part in decades of political protest against everything from the Vietnam War to the War on Drugs ." } ] }, { "value": "1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Button-Down_Mind_of_Bob_Newhart", "summary": "The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart is a 1960 live album by comedian Bob Newhart . Recorded at the Tidelands Club in Houston , Texas , Newhart 's debut album reached # 1 on the Billboard Mono Action Albums chart ( later the Billboard 200 ) on August 1 , 1960 and remained at the top for 14 weeks . The album stayed on the chart for two years , selling over 600,000 copies near release and ranking as the 20th best-selling album of all time on the Billboard charts . It won Album of the Year at the 1961 Grammy Awards , where Newhart was named Best New Artist ; it was the first comedy album to win Album of the Year and the only time a comedian had won Best New Artist . Newhart wanted the title to be The Most Celebrated New Comedian Since Attila the Hun , but Warner Bros. executives created the album 's title and Newhart had to settle for his idea as a subtitle . The album was a 2006 entry into the Library of Congress ' National Recording Registry ." } ] }, { "value": "Bob Newhart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bob_Newhart", "summary": "George Robert Newhart ( born September 5 , 1929 ) is an American stand-up comedian and actor noted for his deadpan and slightly stuttering delivery . Newhart came to prominence in 1960 when his album of comedic monologues , The Button-Down Mind of Bob Newhart , became a bestseller and reached number one on the Billboard pop album chart ; it remains the 20th-best selling comedy album in history . The follow-up album , The Button-Down Mind Strikes Back ! , was also a success , and the two albums held the Billboard number one and number two spots simultaneously . Newhart later went into acting , starring as Chicago psychologist Robert Hartley in The Bob Newhart Show during the 1970s and then as Vermont innkeeper Dick Loudon on the 1980s series Newhart . He also had two short-lived sitcoms in the 1990s , Bob and George and Leo . Newhart had film roles such as Major Major in Catch-22 and Papa Elf in Elf . He provided the voice of Bernard in the Disney animated films The Rescuers and The Rescuers Down Under . In 2004 , he played the library head Judson in The Librarian , a character that continued in 2014 on the TV series The Librarians . In 2013 , Newhart made his first of six guest appearances on The Big Bang Theory as Professor Proton , for which he received his first Primetime Emmy Award on September 15 , 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "1960", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Be My Baby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Be_My_Baby", "summary": "Be My Baby is a song written by Jeff Barry , Ellie Greenwich , and Phil Spector . It was recorded on July 5 , 1963 at Gold Star Studios Hollywood by American girl group the Ronettes and released as a single in August 1963 and later placed on their 1964 debut LP Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes featuring Veronica . Ronnie Spector is the only Ronette to appear on the single ; her future husband Phil produced their elaborately layered recording in what is now considered a quintessential example of his Wall of Sound production formula . It is considered one of the best songs of the 1960s by NME , Time , and Pitchfork staff members . In 2004 , the song was ranked 22 by Rolling Stone in its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and described as a Rosetta stone for studio pioneers such as the Beatles and Brian Wilson , a notion supported by AllMusic who writes , No less an authority than Brian Wilson has declared 'Be My Baby ' the greatest pop record ever made - no arguments here . In 1999 , it was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame , and in 2006 , the Library of Congress honored the Ronettes ' version by adding it to the United States National Recording Registry . In 2017 , Billboard named the song number 1 on their list of the 100 Greatest Girl Group Songs of All Time ." } ] }, { "value": "The Ronettes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Ronettes", "summary": "The Ronettes ( /ˌrɒˈnɛts/ ) were an American girl group from New York City . One of the most popular groups of the 1960s , they placed nine songs on the Billboard Hot 100 , five of which became Top 40 hits . The trio from Spanish Harlem , New York , consisted of lead singer Veronica Bennett ( later known as Ronnie Spector ) , her older sister Estelle Bennett , and their cousin Nedra Talley . Among the Ronettes ' most famous songs are Be My Baby , Baby , I Love You , ( The Best Part of ) Breakin ' Up , and Walking in the Rain , all of which charted on the Billboard Hot 100 . Walking in the Rain won a Grammy Award in 1965 , and Be My Baby was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1999 . The Ronettes were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2007 . The girls had sung together since they were teenagers , then known as The Darling Sisters . Signed first by Colpix Records in 1961 , they moved to Phil Spector 's Philles Records in March 1963 and changed their name to The Ronettes . In late 1964 , the group released their only studio album , Presenting the Fabulous Ronettes Featuring Veronica , which entered the Billboard charts at number 96 . Rolling Stone ranked it number 422 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . The group was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 2004 . The Ronettes were the only girl group to tour with the Beatles ." } ] }, { "value": "1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "We Shall Overcome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/We_Shall_Overcome_(Pete_Seeger_album)", "summary": "We Shall Overcome is a 1963 album by Pete Seeger . It was recorded live at his concert at Carnegie Hall , New York City , on June 8 , 1963 , and was released by Columbia Records . The concert would later be described by Ed Vulliamy of The Observer as a launch event for the entwining of the music and politics of the 1960s . Reviewer Stewart Mason at Allmusic criticised some of the songs as trite , but wrote that the second half of the concert , climaxing in the definitive version of Guantanamera , is protest folk at its finest . It was added to the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2006 , calling it culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant . The album was reissued in an expanded 2-CD version in 1989 , as We Shall Overcome - The Complete Carnegie Hall Concert ." } ] }, { "value": "Pete Seeger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pete_Seeger", "summary": "Peter Seeger ( May 3 , 1919 - January 27 , 2014 ) was an American folk singer and social activist . He was the nephew of American war poet Alan Seeger , who died fighting with the French Foreign Legion during the Battle of the Somme in 1916 . A fixture on nationwide radio in the 1940s , Seeger also had a string of hit records during the early 1950s as a member of the Weavers , most notably their recording of Lead Belly 's Goodnight , Irene , which topped the charts for 13 weeks in 1950 . Members of the Weavers were blacklisted during the McCarthy Era . In the 1960s , Seeger re-emerged on the public scene as a prominent singer of protest music in support of international disarmament , civil rights , counterculture , and environmental causes . A prolific songwriter , his best-known songs include Where Have All the Flowers Gone ? ( with Joe Hickerson ) , If I Had a Hammer ( The Hammer Song ) ( with Lee Hays of the Weavers ) , and Turn ! Turn ! Turn ! , which have been recorded by many artists both in and outside the folk revival movement . Flowers was a hit recording for the Kingston Trio ( 1962 ) ; Marlene Dietrich , who recorded it in English , German and French ( 1962 ) ; and Johnny Rivers ( 1965 ) . If I Had a Hammer was a hit for Peter , Paul and Mary ( 1962 ) and Trini Lopez ( 1963 ) while the Byrds had a number one hit with Turn ! Turn !" } ] }, { "value": "1963", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Change Is Gon na Come", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Change_Is_Gonna_Come", "summary": "A Change Is Gon na Come is a song by American recording artist Sam Cooke . It initially appeared on Cooke 's album Ai n't That Good News , released mid-February 1964 by RCA Victor ; a slightly edited version of the recording was released as a single on December 22 , 1964 . Produced by Hugo & Luigi and arranged and conducted by René Hall , the song was the B-side to Shake . The song was inspired by various personal events in Cooke 's life , most prominently an event in which he and his entourage were turned away from a whites-only motel in Louisiana . Cooke felt compelled to write a song that spoke to his struggle and of those around him , and that pertained to the Civil Rights Movement and African Americans . The song contains the refrain , It 's been a long time coming , but I know a change is gon na come . Though only a modest hit for Cooke in comparison with his previous singles , A Change Is Gon na Come is widely considered Cooke 's best composition and has been voted among the best songs ever released by various publications . In 2007 , the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress , with the National Recording Registry deeming the song culturally , historically , or aesthetically important ." } ] }, { "value": "Sam Cooke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sam_Cooke", "summary": "Samuel Cook ( January 22 , 1931 - December 11 , 1964 ) , known professionally as Sam Cooke , was an American singer , songwriter , civil-rights activist and entrepreneur . Influential as both a singer and composer , he is commonly known as the King of Soul for his distinctive vocals and importance within popular music . He began singing as a kid and joined the Soul Stirrers before moving to a solo career where he scored a string of hit songs including You Send Me , A Change Is Gon na Come , Cupid , Wonderful World , Chain Gang , Twistin ' the Night Away , and Bring It On Home to Me . His pioneering contributions to soul music contributed to the rise of Aretha Franklin , Bobby Womack , Al Green , Curtis Mayfield , Stevie Wonder , Marvin Gaye , and Billy Preston , and popularized the likes of Otis Redding and James Brown . AllMusic biographer Bruce Eder wrote that Cooke was the inventor of soul music , and possessed an incredible natural singing voice and a smooth , effortless delivery that has never been surpassed . On December 11 , 1964 , at the age of 33 , Cooke was shot and killed by Bertha Franklin , the manager of the Hacienda Motel in Los Angeles , California . After an inquest , the courts ruled Cooke 's death to be a justifiable homicide . Since that time , the circumstances of his death have been called into question by Cooke 's family ." } ] }, { "value": "1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/(I_Can't_Get_No)_Satisfaction", "summary": "( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction is a song by the English rock band The Rolling Stones , released in 1965 . It was written by Mick Jagger and Keith Richards and produced by Andrew Loog Oldham . Richards ' guitar riff - ‌intended to be replaced by horns - ‌opens and drives the song . The lyrics refer to sexual frustration and commercialism . The song was first released as a single in the United States in June 1965 and was also featured on the American version of the Rolling Stones ' fourth studio album , Out of Our Heads , released that July . Satisfaction was a hit , giving the Stones their first number one in the US . In the UK , the song initially was played only on pirate radio stations , because its lyrics were considered too sexually suggestive . It later became the Rolling Stones ' fourth number one in the United Kingdom . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine placed ( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction in the second spot on its list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time . The song was added to the National Recording Registry of the Library of Congress in 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "The Rolling Stones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Rolling_Stones", "summary": "The Rolling Stones are an English rock band formed in London in 1962 . The first stable line-up consisted of bandleader Brian Jones ( guitar , harmonica , keyboards ) , Mick Jagger ( lead vocals , harmonica ) , Keith Richards ( guitar , vocals ) , Bill Wyman ( bass guitar ) , Charlie Watts ( drums ) , and Ian Stewart ( piano ) . Stewart was removed from the official line-up in 1963 but continued to work with the band as a contracted musician until his death in 1985 . The band 's primary songwriters , Jagger and Richards , assumed leadership after Andrew Loog Oldham became the group 's manager . Jones left the band less than a month before his death in 1969 , having already been replaced by Mick Taylor . Taylor left in 1974 and was replaced in 1975 by Ronnie Wood who has since remained . Since Wyman 's departure in 1993 , Darryl Jones has served as touring bassist . The Stones have not had an official keyboardist since 1963 , but have employed several musicians in that role , including Jack Nitzsche ( 1965-1971 ) , Nicky Hopkins ( 1967-1982 ) , Billy Preston ( 1971-1981 ) , Ian McLagan ( 1978-1981 ) , and Chuck Leavell ( 1982-present ) . The Rolling Stones were at the forefront of the British Invasion of bands that became popular in the United States in 1964 and were identified with the youthful and rebellious counterculture of the 1960s . Rooted in blues and early rock and roll , the band started out playing covers but found more success with their own material ; songs such as ( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction and Paint It Black became international hits , and Aftermath ( 1966 ) - their first entirely original album - has been considered the most important of the band 's formative records . After a short period of experimentation with psychedelic rock in the mid-1960s , the group returned to its bluesy roots with Beggars Banquet ( 1968 ) , Let It Bleed ( 1969 ) , Sticky Fingers ( 1971 ) , and Exile on Main St. ( 1972 ) . It was during this period they were first introduced on stage as The Greatest Rock and Roll Band in the World ." } ] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "2006", "section_text": "On March 6 , 2007 , the following 25 selections were made by the National Recording Preservation Board . [ 17 ] Cal Stewart was among the most prolific and popular recording artists of the first 20 years of commercial recording . Pete Seeger adapted a gospel song , `` I Shall Overcome '' , by changing `` I '' to `` We '' , and it became a civil rights standard . `` ( I Ca n't Get No ) Satisfaction '' , The Rolling Stones ' first U.S. No . 1 is thought to be one of the greatest rock songs .", "uid": "National_Recording_Registry_4", "intro": "The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States. The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. The National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 established a national program to guard America's sound recording heritage. The Act created the National Recording Registry, The National Recording Preservation Board and a fund-raising foundation. The purpose of the Registry is to maintain and preserve sound recordings and collections of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Beginning in 2002, the National Recording Preservation Board has selected recordings nominated each year to be preserved. The first four yearly lists each had 50 selections. Since 2006, 25 recordings have been selected annually. As of 2018[update], a total of 525 recordings have been preserved in the Registry. Each calendar year, public nominations are accepted for inclusion in that year's list of selections, which are announced the following spring. Each yearly list typically includes a few recordings that have also been selected for inclusion in the holdings of the National Archives' audiovisual collection." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Cross", "title": "David Cross", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Role" ], "data": [ { "value": "1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Destiny Turns on the Radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Destiny_Turns_on_the_Radio", "summary": "Destiny Turns on the Radio is a 1995 American comedy film directed by Jack Baran . It was the film debut of David Cross , appearing in a supporting role . This was the first feature film produced by Rysher Entertainment , a company better known for their television productions ." } ] }, { "value": "Ralph Dellaposa", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Truth About Cats & Dogs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Truth_About_Cats_&_Dogs", "summary": "The Truth About Cats & Dogs is a 1996 American romantic comedy film directed by Michael Lehmann , starring Janeane Garofalo , Uma Thurman , Ben Chaplin and Jamie Foxx , and written by Audrey Wells . The original music score was composed by Howard Shore . The film is a romantic comedy where two women date the same man , disrupting their friendship ." } ] }, { "value": "Male Radio Caller / Bookstore Man", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Cable Guy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Cable_Guy", "summary": "The Cable Guy is a 1996 American black comedy psychological thriller film directed by Ben Stiller , starring Jim Carrey and Matthew Broderick . It was released in the United States on June 14 , 1996 . The film co-stars Leslie Mann , Jack Black , George Segal , Diane Baker , Eric Roberts , Owen Wilson , Janeane Garofalo , David Cross , Andy Dick , Amy Stiller , and Bob Odenkirk . The film was a box office success , but received mixed reception from critics ." } ] }, { "value": "Sales Manager", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Waiting for Guffman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Waiting_for_Guffman", "summary": "Waiting for Guffman is a 1996 American mockumentary comedy film written by Christopher Guest and Eugene Levy , and directed by Guest . The film 's ensemble cast ( who improvised their dialogue based on Guest and Levy 's story ) includes Guest , Levy , Catherine O'Hara , Fred Willard , and Parker Posey . The film 's title is a reference to Samuel Beckett 's play Waiting for Godot . As in the other mockumentary films created by Guest , the majority of the dialogue is improvised . Because the film is about the production of a stage musical , it contains several original musical numbers written by Guest , Michael McKean and Harry Shearer . The film 's score was composed by William Ross ." } ] }, { "value": "UFO Expert", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Who 's the Caboose ?", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Who's_the_Caboose?", "summary": "Who 's the Caboose ? is a 1997 comedy film co-written and directed by Sam Seder and starring himself and Sarah Silverman in their film debut . The supporting cast includes comedians David Cross , Andy Dick , Laura Silverman , Laura Kightlinger , Chuck Sklar , H. Jon Benjamin , Andy Kindler , Mark Cohen , Kathy Griffin , Leo Allen , Marc Maron and Todd Barry , most of whom had not appeared in a theatrical movie prior to this one . The screenplay by Sam Seder and Charles Fisher depicts a romantically involved couple ( Silverman and Seder ) who travel separately from Manhattan to Los Angeles to attempt to secure a television series role during pilot season , a set period of months when producers cast new shows . The New York City sequence at the beginning of the film features footage shot at the Luna Lounge in the Lower East Side , which has since been razed . The film was followed by a television miniseries sequel entitled Pilot Season , again written by Sam Seder and Charles Fisher , directed by Seder , and starring Sarah Silverman as Susan Underman , which was broadcast over six episodes in 2004 on the now-defunct Trio cable network ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaded Guy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Men in Black", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Men_in_Black_(1997_film)", "summary": "Men in Black is a 1997 American science fiction comedy film film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld , produced by Walter F. Parkes and Laurie MacDonald and written by Ed Solomon . Loosely adapted from The Men in Black comic book series created by Lowell Cunningham and Sandy Carruthers , the film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith as two agents of a secret organization called the Men in Black , who supervise extraterrestrial lifeforms who live on Earth and hide their existence from ordinary humans . The film featured the creature effects and makeup of Rick Baker and visual effects by Industrial Light & Magic . The film was released in the United States on July 2 , 1997 by Columbia Pictures , and grossed over $ 589.3 million worldwide against a $ 90 million budget , becoming the year 's third highest-grossing film . It received worldwide acclaim , with critics highly praising its witty , sophisticated humor , plot , thematic profundity , action sequences , Jones and Smith 's performances , directing , special effects and Danny Elfman 's musical score . The film received three Academy Award nominations : Best Art Direction , Best Original Score and Best Makeup , winning the latter award . The film spawned two sequels , Men in Black II ( 2002 ) and Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) ; a spin-off film , Men in Black : International ( 2019 ) ; and a 1997-2001 animated series ." } ] }, { "value": "Newton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Small Soldiers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Small_Soldiers", "summary": "Small Soldiers is a 1998 American science fiction film , directed by Joe Dante and starring Kirsten Dunst and Gregory Smith , and the voices of Frank Langella and Tommy Lee Jones . It revolves around a conflict between two factions of sentient action figures , the Gorgonites and the Commando Elite . When an adolescent brings the Gorgonites to his home , he and those around him become targeted by the Commando Elite , who are programmed to eliminate the Gorgonites and their allies . Langella and Jones , who co-star , are the voices of the leaders of the Gorgonites and the Commando Elite , respectively . The film received mixed reviews from critics and was a moderate box office success , grossing $ 71.1 million on a $ 40 million budget . It was the last film role of Phil Hartman and is dedicated in his memory ." } ] }, { "value": "Irwin Wayfair", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Thin Pink Line", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Thin_Pink_Line", "summary": "The Thin Pink Line is a 1998 mockumentary directed by Joe Dietl and Michael Irpino . The title is a parody of Errol Morris ' documentary The Thin Blue Line , which raised questions about the conviction of a prison inmate on death row ." } ] }, { "value": "Tommy Dantsbury", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ca n't Stop Dancing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Can't_Stop_Dancing", "summary": "Ca n't Stop Dancing is a 1999 feature-length film written and directed by Steven Falick and Ben Zook and starring Ben Zook ." } ] }, { "value": "Chapman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chain of Fools", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chain_of_Fools_(film)", "summary": "Chain of Fools ( also known by its production title Shiny New Enemies ) is a 2000 heist comedy film , directed by LA-based Swedish production collective , Traktor , starring Steve Zahn , Salma Hayek , Jeff Goldblum , and Elijah Wood ." } ] }, { "value": "Andy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ghost World", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ghost_World_(film)", "summary": "Ghost World is a 2001 black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff and starring Thora Birch , Scarlett Johansson , and Steve Buscemi . Based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes , with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff , the story focuses on the lives of Enid ( Birch ) and Rebecca ( Johansson ) , two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city . They face a rift in their relationship as Enid takes interest in an older man named Seymour ( Buscemi ) , and becomes determined to help his romantic life . The film debuted at the Seattle International Film Festival in 2001 . It had little box office impact , but was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and has become a cult film ." } ] }, { "value": "Gerrold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dr. Dolittle 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dr._Dolittle_2", "summary": "Dr. Dolittle 2 ( also known as Doctor Dolittle 2 ) is a 2001 American comedy film and a sequel to the 1998 film Dr. Dolittle . The film again stars Eddie Murphy in the title role of a doctor who can talk to animals , as well as Raven-Symoné as his daughter . It was written by Larry Levin , one of the co-writers of Dr. Dolittle and directed by Steve Carr . In the film , Dr. Dolittle tries to help the animals protect their forest from unscrupulous human developers . He decides to populate the forest with a species of animal that the law protects , and enlists the help of Ava ( voiced by Lisa Kudrow ) , a lone Pacific western bear living in the condemned forest . To provide her with a mate , Dolittle turns to Archie ( voiced by Steve Zahn ) , a wise-cracking circus-performing bear . This is the last Dr. Dolittle film to feature Eddie Murphy in the lead role , before Kyla Pratt became the lead role in future films , starting with Dr. Dolittle 3 in 2006 . It is also the last Dr. Dolittle film to feature Raven-Symoné as Charisse Dolittle ." } ] }, { "value": "Dog # 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pootie Tang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pootie_Tang", "summary": "Pootie Tang is a 2001 American comedy film written and directed by Louis C.K . Adapted from a comedy sketch that first appeared on The Chris Rock Show , the character Pootie Tang is a satire of the stereotyped characters who appeared in old blaxploitation films . The title character 's speech , which vaguely resembles pidgin , is mostly unintelligible to the audience , but the other characters in the film have no problem understanding him ." } ] }, { "value": "Pootie Tang Impostor", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Scary Movie 2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scary_Movie_2", "summary": "Scary Movie 2 is a 2001 American comedy horror film and the second film in the Scary Movie film series . The film stars Anna Faris , Regina Hall , Shawn Wayans , and Marlon Wayans ( all reprising their roles from the first film , despite their characters having seemingly been killed off ) , as well as Tim Curry , Tori Spelling , Chris Elliott , Chris Masterson , Kathleen Robertson , David Cross , and James Woods . The film is the last in the series to feature the involvement of stars Marlon and Shawn Wayans , and director Keenen Ivory Wayans . Marlon would eventually go on to produce a similar horror-themed parody , A Haunted House , and its sequel , both starring himself . In the latter film , Wayans pokes fun at the Scary Movie series ' decline in quality after his family 's departure . Where the original film was mainly based on the slasher films of the 1990s , Scary Movie 2 parodies an array of supernatural and haunted house films from various decades , including The Haunting ( 1999 ) , The Exorcist ( 1973 ) , The Amityville Horror ( 1979 ) , Poltergeist ( 1982 ) , The Legend of Hell House ( 1973 ) , House on Haunted Hill ( both the 1959 and 1999 versions ) , and The Changeling ( 1980 ) . It also spoofs some contemporary films , such as Hannibal ( 2001 ) and Hollow Man ( 2000 ) . Scary Movie 2 grossed $ 141.2 million worldwide from a $ 45 million budget . The consensus at Rotten Tomatoes calls it a sloppy , rushed-out product ." } ] }, { "value": "Dwight Hartman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "One Day", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Turd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Life Without Dick", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Life_Without_Dick", "summary": "Life Without Dick is a direct-to-video 2002 American black comedy film written and directed by Bix Skahill . The film focuses on the relationship that develops between an incompetent hitman and a woman who accidentally kills her boyfriend when she discovers he 's leaving her for another woman ." } ] }, { "value": "Rex", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Men in Black II", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Men_in_Black_II", "summary": "Men in Black II ( stylized as MIIB ) is a 2002 American science fiction film directed by Barry Sonnenfeld and written by Robert Gordon and Barry Fanaro . A sequel to Men in Black ( 1997 ) , which in turn is loosely based on the Marvel Comics series The Men in Black by Lowell Cunningham , the film stars Tommy Lee Jones and Will Smith reprising their roles from the first film , with Lara Flynn Boyle , Johnny Knoxville , Rosario Dawson , Tony Shalhoub and Rip Torn in supporting roles . It was also the final appearance of Torn in the series ( although he did make a brief uncredited appearance in Men In Black 3 ) , as he died on July 9 , 2019 , about a month after MIB International was released . Men in Black II was released worldwide on July 3 , 2002 , by Columbia Pictures and received mixed reviews from critics yet was also commercially successful , grossing $ 441.8 million against a budget of $ 140 million and was followed by Men in Black 3 in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Newton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Martin & Orloff", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_&_Orloff", "summary": "Martin & Orloff is a 2002 feature film written by and starring Matt Walsh and Ian Roberts , best known as half of the Upright Citizens Brigade comedy troupe , along with Ian 's wife Katie Roberts . The film was produced and directed by Lawrence Blume and features an ensemble cast of alternative comedians including H. Jon Benjamin , David Cross , Andy Richter , Matt Besser , Amy Poehler , Tina Fey , Janeane Garofalo , and Rachel Dratch , as well as actress Kim Raver as Orloff 's girlfriend . Martin and Orloff is available on DVD through Anchor Bay Entertainment and made its television debut on Comedy Central ( Summer 2006 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Dan Wasserman", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Run Ronnie Run", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Run_Ronnie_Run", "summary": "Run Ronnie Run ! is an American comedy film and a spin-off inspired by the HBO sketch comedy show Mr. Show . The recurring character Ronnie Dobbs ( David Cross ) is the focal point of the movie . It was directed by Troy Miller . While the film was produced in 2001 it was released direct-to-video in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ronnie Dobbs / Pootie T / Chow Chow 's voice", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Melvin Goes to Dinner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Melvin_Goes_to_Dinner", "summary": "Melvin Goes to Dinner is a 2003 American film adaptation of Michael Blieden 's stage play Phyro-Giants ! , directed by Bob Odenkirk . Blieden wrote the screenplay from his stage play , and he also stars in the film ( as he did in the Los Angeles stage production ) , along with Stephanie Courtney , Matt Price and Annabelle Gurwitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Seminar Leader", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Filmography -- Film", "section_text": "", "uid": "David_Cross_4", "intro": "David Cross (born April 4, 1964) is an American stand-up comedian, actor, director, and writer, known primarily for his stand-up performances, the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show (1995-1999), and his role as Tobias Fünke in the sitcom Arrested Development (2003-present). Cross created, wrote, executive produced, and starred in The Increasingly Poor Decisions of Todd Margaret (2010-2016), developed and had a prominent role in Freak Show (2006), appeared on Modern Family (2011-2012) and portrayed Ian Hawke in the first three live action/CGI films starring Alvin and the Chipmunks (2007-2011). Cross has also done voice work for the sitcom Oliver Beene (2003-2004), and has had lead voice-over roles in the Kung Fu Panda film franchise (2008-2016), Megamind (2010) and Next Gen (2018). In 1993, he won a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Writing for a Variety Series for his work on The Ben Stiller Show. For Mr. Show, he gained three Primetime Emmy Award nominations, and for Arrested Development, Cross was nominated for a Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Television Series, and, along with his cast, for three Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series. For his stand-up specials, he was nominated for several Grammy Awards." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Sigma_Chi_members", "title": "List of Sigma Chi members", "header": [ "Name", "Original chapter", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Bill Buckner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bill_Buckner", "summary": "William Joseph Buckner ( December 14 , 1949 - May 27 , 2019 ) was an American professional baseball first baseman and left fielder , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for five teams from 1969 through 1990 , including the Chicago Cubs , the Los Angeles Dodgers , and Boston Red Sox . Beginning his career as an outfielder with the Dodgers , he helped the team to the 1974 pennant with a .314 batting average , but a serious ankle injury the next year eventually led to his trade to the Cubs prior to the 1977 season . The Cubs moved Buckner to first base , and he won the National League ( NL ) batting title with a .324 mark in 1980 . He was named to the All-Star team in 1981 as he led the major leagues in doubles . After setting a major league record for first basemen with 159 assists in 1982 , Buckner surpassed that total with 161 in 1983 while again leading the NL in doubles , before feuds with team management over a loss of playing time resulted in his being traded to the Red Sox in the middle of the 1984 season . During the 1985 season , Buckner emerged as the Red Sox stalwart first baseman , starting all 162 games and shattering his own big league record with 184 assists . Toward the end of the 1986 season , he was hobbled by leg injuries and struggled throughout the playoffs . Buckners tenth-inning error in Game 6 of the 1986 World Series against the New York Mets remains one of the most memorable plays in baseball history ; it was long considered part of a curse on the Red Sox that kept them from winning the World Series , and led to years of fan anger and public mockery that Buckner handled graciously before being embraced by Red Sox fans again after their 2004 World Series victory . After spending his last few seasons with the California Angels , Kansas City Royals , and a second stint with the Red Sox , Buckner became the 21st player in MLB history to play in four decades , ending his career with 2,715 hits and 498 doubles , having batted over .300 seven times with three seasons of 100 runs batted in ( RBI ) . Never striking out 40 times in a season , he finished with the fifth-lowest strikeout rate among players whose careers began after 1950 . Buckner led his league in assists four times , with his 1985 mark remaining the American League ( AL ) record , and retired with the fourth-most assists by a first baseman ( 1,351 ) in major league history , despite not playing the position regularly until he was 27 years old . After retiring as a player , he became a real estate developer in Idaho , and later coached a number of Minor League Baseball ( MiLB ) teams before leaving baseball in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "USC , 1972", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Southern_California", "summary": "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB - Los Angeles Dodgers ( 1969-76 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 1977-84 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 1984-87 & 1990 ) , Los Angeles Angels ( 1987-88 ) , Kansas City Royals ( 1988-89 ) ; All-Star ( 1981 ) ; NL Batting Champion ( 1980 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers", "summary": "The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Established in 1883 in Brooklyn , New York , the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season . They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962 . The Dodgers have won six World Series championships and twenty three National League pennants . Eleven NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers , winning a total of thirteen MVP Awards ; eight Cy Young Award winners have also pitched for the Dodgers , winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards . The team has eighteen Rookie of the Year Award winners , more than twice as many as the second place New York Yankees 8 . The Dodgers have had four consecutive Rookies of the Year from 1979 to 1982 and five in a row from 1992 to 1996 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Cubs", "summary": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field , located on the city 's North Side . The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago ; the other , the Chicago White Sox , is a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The Cubs , first known as the White Stockings , were a founding member of the NL in 1876 , becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903 . The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series . The 1906 Cubs won 116 games , finishing 116-36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763 , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox ( The Hitless Wonders ) by four games to two . The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908 , becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series , and the first to win it twice . Most recently , the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series , which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought , both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball . The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports . Since the start of divisional play in 1969 , the Cubs have appeared in the postseason ten times through the 2019 season . The Cubs are known as the North Siders , a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago , and in contrast to the White Sox , whose home field ( Guaranteed Rate Field ) is located on the South Side ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox", "summary": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team have won nine World Series championships , tied for the third-most of any MLB team , and they have played in 13 . Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018 . In addition , they won the 1904 American League pennant , but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series . Founded in 1901 as one of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the Red Sox ' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912 . The Red Sox name was chosen by the team owner , John I. Taylor , circa 1908 , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the Boston Red Stockings , including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves . The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918 . However , they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history , dubbed the Curse of the Bambino after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox ' sale of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918 , an 86-year wait before the team 's sixth World Championship in 2004 . The team 's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history , including Enos Slaughter 's mad dash in 1946 , the Impossible Dream of 1967 , Carlton Fisk 's home run in 1975 , and Bill Buckner 's error in 1986 . Following their victory in the 2018 World Series , they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century , with championships in 2004 , 2007 , 2013 and 2018 . The team 's history has also been marked by the team 's intense rivalry with the New York Yankees , arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels", "summary": "The Los Angeles Angels are an American professional baseball team based in the city of Anaheim , California , part of Orange County and the Los Angeles metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The Angels have played home games at Angel Stadium since 1966 . The current MLB franchise was established as one of the league 's first two expansion teams in 1961 by Gene Autry , the team 's first owner . Autry was a famous singing cowboy actor in a series of films in the 1930s to 1950s , and later was the subject of the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum . The Angels name was taken by Autry in tribute to the previous original Los Angeles Angels , a Minor League franchise in the Pacific Coast League ( PCL ) , which played in South Central Los Angeles from 1903 to 1957 . He bought the rights to the Angels name from Walter O'Malley , the then-Los Angeles Dodgers owner , who acquired the PCL franchise from Philip K. Wrigley , also the owner of the parent Chicago Cubs at the time , as part of the Dodgers ' move to Southern California ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals", "summary": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game", "summary": "The Major League Baseball All-Star Game , also known as the Midsummer Classic , is an annual professional baseball game sanctioned by Major League Baseball ( MLB ) contested between the All-Stars from the American League ( AL ) and National League ( NL ) , currently selected by fans for starting fielders , by managers for pitchers , and by managers and players for reserves . The game usually occurs on either the second or third Tuesday in July , and is meant to mark a symbolic halfway-point in the MLB season ( though not the mathematical halfway-point which , for most seasons , is usually found within the previous calendar week ) . Both of the major leagues share an All-Star break , with no regular-season games scheduled on the day before or two days after the All-Star Game itself . Some additional events and festivities associated with the game take place each year close to and during this break in the regular season . No official MLB All-Star Game was held in 1945 including the official selection of players due to World War II travel restrictions . Two All-Star Games were held each season from 1959 to 1962 . The most recent All-Star Game was held on July 9 , 2019 , at Progressive Field , home of the American League 's Cleveland Indians . The 2020 and 2021 All-Star Games are scheduled to be held in Los Angeles and Atlanta , respectively ." }, { "url": "/wiki/List_of_Major_League_Baseball_batting_champions", "summary": "In baseball , batting average ( AVG ) is a measure of a batter 's success rate in achieving a hit during an at bat . In Major League Baseball ( MLB ) , it is calculated by dividing a player 's hits by his at bats ( AB ) . In MLB , a player in each league [ L ] wins the batting title each season for having the highest batting average that year . The American League ( AL ) winner is known as the Rod Carew American League Batting Champion , while the National League ( NL ) leader is designated the Tony Gwynn National League Batting Champion . Under current rules , a player must have 3.1 plate appearances ( PA ) per team game ( for a total of 502 over the current 162-game season ) to qualify for the batting title . However , if a player 's lead in AVG is sufficiently large that enough hitless at bats can be added to reach this requirement and the player still would have the highest batting average , he wins the title . Tony Gwynn , for example , had 159 hits in 451 ABs in 1996 ( .353 average ) but only 498 PAs . Gwynn 's batting average would have dropped to .349 ( 159 hits in 455 ABs ) with four hitless ABs added to reach the 502 PA requirement , but this would still have been higher than the next-highest eligible player ( .344 average ) , so he was awarded the 1996 NL batting title . The first batting average champion in the NL was Ross Barnes ; in the league 's inaugural 1876 season , Barnes batted .429 for the Chicago White Stockings . The AL was established in 1901 , and Hall of Fame second baseman Nap Lajoie led that league with a .426 average for the Philadelphia Athletics . Ty Cobb of the Detroit Tigers , who also holds the highest career batting average of .366 , led the AL in average in 11 ( or 12 ) seasons . Honus Wagner and Gwynn are tied for the second-most titles , with eight apiece in the NL ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark DeRosa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_DeRosa", "summary": "Mark Thomas DeRosa ( born February 26 , 1975 ) is an American former professional baseball player . DeRosa primarily played third and second base , but started at every position other than center field , pitcher , and catcher . He currently works for MLB Network as a personality on MLB Central ." } ] }, { "value": "University of Pennsylvania , 1997", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania", "summary": "The University of Pennsylvania ( Penn or UPenn ) is a private Ivy League research university in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . The University claims a founding date of 1740 [ note 2 ] and is one of the nine colonial colleges founded prior to the U.S . Declaration of Independence . Benjamin Franklin , Penn 's founder and first president , advocated an educational program that trained leaders in commerce , government , and public service , similar to a modern liberal arts curriculum . Penn has four undergraduate schools as well as twelve graduate and professional schools . Among its graduate and professional schools are the first school of medicine in North America ( Perelman School of Medicine , 1765 ) , the first collegiate business school ( Wharton School , 1881 ) , and the first student union building and organization ( Houston Hall , 1896 ) . In 2019 , the university had an endowment of $ 14.65 billion , the seventh largest endowment of all colleges in the United States , as well as a research budget of $ 1.02 billion . The university 's athletics program , the Quakers , fields varsity teams in 33 sports as a member of the NCAA Division I Ivy League conference . As of 2018 , distinguished alumni include 14 heads of state , 64 billionaires , 3 U.S. Supreme Court justices , 33 U.S . Senators , 44 U.S. Governors , 159 members of the U.S. House of Representatives , 8 signers of the U.S . Declaration of Independence , 12 signers of the U.S. Constitution , 24 members of the Continental Congress , and the current U.S. President , Donald Trump . Other notable alumni include 29 Rhodes Scholars , 15 Marshall Scholars , 16 Pulitzer Prize winners , and 48 Fulbright Scholars ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB - Atlanta Braves ( 1998-2004 ) , Texas Rangers ( 2005-06 ) , Chicago Cubs ( 2007-08 ) , Cleveland Indians ( 2009 ) , St. Louis Cardinals ( 2009 ) , San Francisco Giants ( 2010-11 ) , Washington Nationals ( 2012 ) , Toronto Blue Jays ( 2013 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Atlanta_Braves", "summary": "The Atlanta Braves are an American professional baseball team based in the Atlanta metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . The team played its home games at Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium from 1966 to 1996 , and at Turner Field from 1997 to 2016 . Since 2017 , their home stadium has been Truist Park ( formerly SunTrust Park ) , located 10 miles ( 16 km ) northwest of downtown Atlanta in Cobb County , Georgia . The Braves play spring training games at CoolToday Park in North Port , Florida . The name Braves , which was first used in 1912 , originates from a term for a Native American warrior . They are nicknamed the Bravos , and often referred to as America 's Team in reference to the team 's games being broadcast on the nationally available TBS from the 1970s until 2007 , giving the team a nationwide fan base . From 1991 to 2005 , the Braves were one of the most successful teams in baseball , winning division titles an unprecedented 14 consecutive times ( omitting the strike-shortened 1994 season in which there were no official division champions ) , and producing one of the greatest pitching rotations in the history of baseball . Most notably , this rotation consisted of pitchers Greg Maddux , John Smoltz , and Tom Glavine . Pitcher Steve Avery also was a significant contributor to the rotation during the period of 1991-1993 . The Braves won the National League West division from 1991 to 1993 , and after divisional realignment , the National League East division from 1995 to 2005 . They returned to the playoffs as the National League Wild Card in 2010 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)", "summary": "The Texas Rangers are an American professional baseball team based in Arlington , Texas , located in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . In 2020 , they will move to the new Globe Life Field after having played at Globe Life Park in Arlington from 1994 to 2019 . The team 's name is borrowed from the famous law enforcement agency of the same name . The franchise was established in 1961 as the Washington Senators , an expansion team awarded to Washington , D.C. , after the city 's first AL ballclub , the second Washington Senators , moved to Minnesota and became the Twins ( the original Washington Senators played primarily in the National League during the 1890s ) . After the 1971 season , the new Senators moved to Arlington , and debuted as the Rangers the following spring . The Rangers have made eight appearances in the MLB postseason , seven following division championships in 1996 , 1998 , 1999 , 2010 , 2011 , 2015 , and 2016 and as a wild card team in 2012 . In 2010 , the Rangers advanced past the Division Series for the first time , defeating the Tampa Bay Rays . The team then brought home their first American League pennant after beating the New York Yankees in six games . In the 2010 World Series , the franchise 's first , the Rangers fell to the San Francisco Giants in five games . They repeated as American League champions the following year , then lost the 2011 World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals in seven games ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Cubs", "summary": "The Chicago Cubs are an American professional baseball team based in Chicago , Illinois . The Cubs compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . The team plays its home games at Wrigley Field , located on the city 's North Side . The Cubs are one of two major league teams in Chicago ; the other , the Chicago White Sox , is a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The Cubs , first known as the White Stockings , were a founding member of the NL in 1876 , becoming the Chicago Cubs in 1903 . The Cubs have appeared in a total of eleven World Series . The 1906 Cubs won 116 games , finishing 116-36 and posting a modern-era record winning percentage of .763 , before losing the World Series to the Chicago White Sox ( The Hitless Wonders ) by four games to two . The Cubs won back-to-back World Series championships in 1907 and 1908 , becoming the first major league team to play in three consecutive World Series , and the first to win it twice . Most recently , the Cubs won the 2016 National League Championship Series and 2016 World Series , which ended a 71-year National League pennant drought and a 108-year World Series championship drought , both of which are record droughts in Major League Baseball . The 108-year drought was also the longest such occurrence in all major North American sports . Since the start of divisional play in 1969 , the Cubs have appeared in the postseason ten times through the 2019 season . The Cubs are known as the North Siders , a reference to the location of Wrigley Field within the city of Chicago , and in contrast to the White Sox , whose home field ( Guaranteed Rate Field ) is located on the South Side ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "summary": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . Since 1994 , they have played at Progressive Field . The team 's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear , Arizona . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the team has won 10 Central Division titles , six American League pennants , and two World Series championships , ( in 1920 and 1948 ) . The team 's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams . The name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season . It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis , a Native American , was playing for the team . Common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos , the latter referencing their former logo , Chief Wahoo . The team 's mascot is named Slider . The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers , a minor league team in the Western League . The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores ." }, { "url": "/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals", "summary": "The St. Louis Cardinals are an American professional baseball team based in St. Louis , Missouri . The Cardinals compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Busch Stadium has been their home ballpark since 2006 . One of the nation 's oldest and most successful professional baseball clubs , the Cardinals have won 11 World Series championships , more than any other NL team and second in MLB only to the New York Yankees . The team has won 19 National League pennants , third-most of any team . St. Louis has also won 14 division titles in the East and Central divisions . In 1881 , entrepreneur Chris von der Ahe purchased the Brown Stockings barnstorming club , renamed it the St. Louis Browns , and made it a charter member of the American Association ( AA ) baseball league . The team won four league championships , qualifying them to play in the era 's professional baseball championship tournament , a forerunner of the modern World Series . In two of these championships , the Browns met the Chicago White Stockings , launching the enduring Cardinals-Cubs rivalry . In 1892 , the Browns - also called the Perfectos - joined the National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs , later renamed the National League . In 1900 , the team was renamed the Cardinals . ( Two years later , an unrelated St. Louis Browns team joined the American League . )" }, { "url": "/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants", "summary": "The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball team based in San Francisco , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams , and renamed three years later the New York Giants , the team eventually moved to San Francisco in 1958 . As one of the longest-established and most successful professional baseball teams , the franchise has won the most games of any team in the history of American baseball . The team was the first major league team based in New York City , most memorably playing at the legendary Polo Grounds . They have won 23 NL pennants and have played in 20 World Series competitions - both NL records . The Giants ' eight World Series championships rank second in the National League and fifth overall ( the New York Yankees are first with 27 , then the St. Louis Cardinals ( the National League record-holders ) with 11 , and the Oakland Athletics and the Boston Red Sox both with 9 ) . The Giants have played in the World Series 20 times - 14 times in New York , six in San Francisco - but boycotted the event in 1904 . Playing as the New York Giants , they won 14 pennants and five World Series championships behind managers such as John McGraw and Bill Terry and players such as Christy Mathewson , Carl Hubbell , Mel Ott , Bobby Thomson , and Willie Mays . The Giants ' franchise has the most Hall of Fame players in all of professional baseball . The Giants ' rivalry with the Los Angeles Dodgers is one of the longest-standing and biggest rivalries in American sports . The teams began their rivalry as the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers , respectively , before both franchises moved west for the 1958 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Washington_Nationals", "summary": "The Washington Nationals are an American professional baseball team based in Washington , D.C . The Nationals compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) East division . From 2005 to 2007 , the team played in RFK Stadium while their permanent stadium was being built . In 2008 , they moved in to Nationals Park , located on South Capitol Street in the Southeast quadrant of D.C. , near the Anacostia River . The Nationals are the eighth major league franchise to be based in Washington , D.C. , and the first since 1971 . The current franchise was founded in 1969 as the Montreal Expos as part of the MLB expansion . After a failed contraction plan , the Expos were purchased by MLB , which sought to relocate the team to a new city . Washington , D.C. was chosen in 2004 , and the Nationals were established in 2005 as the first franchise relocation in MLB since the third Washington Senators moved to Texas in 1971 . While the team initially struggled after moving to Washington , the Nationals had considerable success throughout the 2010s . The team 's two overall first picks in the MLB draft , Stephen Strasburg in 2009 and Bryce Harper in 2010 , attracted new levels of attention to the team . They achieved their first playoff berth and first division title in 2012 , but were knocked out in the NLDS . They won the National League East again in 2014 , 2016 , and 2017 , but were eliminated in the NLDS each time ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Blue_Jays", "summary": "The Toronto Blue Jays are a Canadian professional baseball team based in Toronto , Ontario . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team plays its home games at Rogers Centre . The name Blue Jays originates from the bird of the same name , and blue is also the traditional colour of two of Toronto 's other professional sports teams : the Maple Leafs ( ice hockey ) and the Argonauts ( Canadian football ) . In addition , the team was originally owned by the Labatt Brewing Company , makers of the popular beer Labatt 's Blue . Colloquially nicknamed the Jays , the team 's official colours are royal blue , navy blue , red , and white . An expansion franchise , the club was founded in Toronto in 1977 . Originally based at Exhibition Stadium , the team began playing its home games at SkyDome upon its opening in 1989 . Since 2000 , the Blue Jays have been owned by Rogers Communications and in 2004 , SkyDome was purchased by that company , which renamed it Rogers Centre . They are the second MLB franchise to be based outside the United States , and currently the only team based outside the U.S. after the first Canadian franchise , the Montreal Expos , became the Washington Nationals in 2005 . In the late 1970s and early 1980s , the Blue Jays went through struggles typical of an expansion team , frequently finishing in last place in its division . In 1983 , the team had its first winning season and two years later , they became division champions ." } ] }, { "value": "Joe Gordon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_Gordon", "summary": "Joseph Lowell Gordon ( February 18 , 1915 - April 14 , 1978 ) , nicknamed Flash in reference to the comic-book character Flash Gordon , was an American second baseman , coach and manager in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians from 1938 to 1950 . He was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 2009 . Gordon was the outstanding player at his position during the 1940s , winning the 1942 American League MVP Award and being named to The Sporting News Major League All-Star Team in nine of his eleven seasons . Known for his acrobatic defense , he led the AL in assists four times and in double plays three times . He was the first AL second baseman to hit 20 home runs in a season , doing so seven times , is second all-time for career HRs at second base ( 246 ) behind Robinson Canó , and he held the single-season record until 2001 . He played a major role on the 1948 champion Indians , leading the team in homers and runs batted in . He ranked sixth in major league history in double plays ( 1,160 ) upon retiring , and was sixth in AL history in games ( 1,519 ) , putouts ( 3,600 ) , assists ( 4,706 ) and total chances ( 8,566 ) and seventh in fielding percentage ( .970 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Oregon , 1936", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Oregon", "summary": "The University of Oregon ( also referred to as UO , U of O or Oregon ) is a public flagship research university in Eugene , Oregon . Founded in 1876 , the institution 's 295-acre campus is along the Willamette River . Since July 2014 , UO has been governed by the Board of Trustees of the University of Oregon . The university has a Carnegie Classification of highest research activity and has 19 research centers and institutes . UO was admitted to the Association of American Universities in 1969 . The University of Oregon is organized into five colleges ( Arts and Sciences , Business , Design , Education , and Honors ) and seven professional schools ( Accounting , Architecture and Environment , Art and Design , Journalism and Communication , Law , Music and Dance , and Planning , Public Policy and Management ) and a graduate school . Furthermore , UO offers 316 undergraduate and graduate degree programs . Most academic programs follow the 10 week Quarter System . UO student-athletes compete as the Ducks and are part of the Pac-12 Conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . With eighteen varsity teams , the Oregon Ducks are best known for their football team and track and field program ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd baseman from 1938-1950 for the New York Yankees and Cleveland Indians . 1942 American League MVP . 5 time World Series Champion . 9 time All-Star . Manager of Indians , Tigers , A 's and Royals . Member of the Baseball Hall of Fame", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Yankees", "summary": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City , the other being the National League 's ( NL ) New York Mets . The Yankees began play in the 1901 season as the Baltimore Orioles ( no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles ) . In 1903 , Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise after it ceased operations and moved it to New York City , renaming the club the New York Highlanders . The Highlanders were officially renamed the New York Yankees in 1913 . The team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises , an LLC that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner , who purchased the team in 1973 . Brian Cashman is the team 's general manager , and Aaron Boone is the team 's field manager . The team 's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008 . In 1974 and 1975 , the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets , in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants . In 2009 , they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility , which was closed and demolished . The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "summary": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . Since 1994 , they have played at Progressive Field . The team 's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear , Arizona . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the team has won 10 Central Division titles , six American League pennants , and two World Series championships , ( in 1920 and 1948 ) . The team 's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams . The name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season . It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis , a Native American , was playing for the team . Common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos , the latter referencing their former logo , Chief Wahoo . The team 's mascot is named Slider . The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers , a minor league team in the Western League . The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores ." }, { "url": "/wiki/American_League", "summary": "The American League of Professional Baseball Clubs , or simply the American League ( AL ) , is one of two leagues that make up Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in the United States and Canada . It developed from the Western League , a minor league based in the Great Lakes states , which eventually aspired to major league status . It is sometimes called the Junior Circuit because it claimed Major League status for the 1901 season , 25 years after the formation of the National League ( the Senior Circuit ) . At the end of every season , the American League champion plays in the World Series against the National League champion ; two seasons did not end in playing a World Series ( 1904 , when the National League champion New York Giants refused to play their AL counterpart , and 1994 , when a players ' strike prevented the Series ) . Through 2019 , American League teams have won 66 of the 116 World Series played since 1903 , with 27 of those coming from the New York Yankees alone . The New York Yankees have won 40 American League titles , the most in the league 's history , followed by the Philadelphia/Kansas City/Oakland Athletics ( 15 ) and the Boston Red Sox ( 14 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MVP", "summary": "In sports , a most valuable player ( MVP ) award is an honor typically bestowed upon an individual as the most performing player ( or players ) in an entire league , for a particular competition , or on a specific team . Initially used in professional sports , the term is now also commonly used in amateur sports , as well as in other completely unrelated fields such as business and music . In many sports , MVP awards are presented for a specific match - in other words , a player of the match award . The term is most common in the United States and Canada . In other cases , player of the year is used for a season-spanning award and player of the match for individual games . In Australia , Australian rules football clubs and leagues use the term best and fairest , while those playing rugby league use player of the year , such as the Dally M Medal . The National Basketball League , however , uses the American-style MVP for its awards . In many cases the awards are voted on by members of the media . In others the vote is by players , coaches , or umpires . In recent years , online polls from the public decide some awards ." }, { "url": "/wiki/World_Series", "summary": "The World Series is the annual championship series of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) in North America , contested since 1903 between the American League ( AL ) champion team and the National League ( NL ) champion team . The winner of the World Series championship is determined through a best-of-seven playoff , and the winning team is awarded the Commissioner 's Trophy . As the series is played during the fall season in North America , it is sometimes referred to as the Fall Classic . Since 2017 , it has been officially known as the World Series presented by YouTube TV for sponsorship reasons . Prior to 1969 , the team with the best regular-season win-loss record in each league automatically advanced to the World Series ( barring a tie ) ; since then each league has conducted a championship series ( ALCS and NLCS ) preceding the World Series to determine which teams will advance , while those series have in turn been preceded by division series ( ALDS and NLDS ) since 1995 and by wild card games in each league since 2012 . The World Series has been contested 115 times as of 2019 , with the AL winning 66 and the NL winning 49 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cleveland_Indians", "summary": "The Cleveland Indians are an American professional baseball team based in Cleveland , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) Central division . Since 1994 , they have played at Progressive Field . The team 's spring training facility is at Goodyear Ballpark in Goodyear , Arizona . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the team has won 10 Central Division titles , six American League pennants , and two World Series championships , ( in 1920 and 1948 ) . The team 's current 71-year World Series championship drought is the longest active among all 30 current Major League teams . The name Indians originated from a request by club owner Charles Somers to baseball writers to choose a new name to replace Cleveland Naps following the departure of Nap Lajoie after the 1914 season . It was a revival of the nickname that fans gave to the Cleveland Spiders while Louis Sockalexis , a Native American , was playing for the team . Common nicknames for the Indians include the Tribe and the Wahoos , the latter referencing their former logo , Chief Wahoo . The team 's mascot is named Slider . The franchise originated in 1894 as the Grand Rapids Rustlers , a minor league team in the Western League . The team relocated to Cleveland in 1900 and was renamed the Cleveland Lake Shores ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Tigers", "summary": "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Athletics", "summary": "The history of the Athletics Major League Baseball franchise spans the period from 1901 to the present day , having begun as a charter member franchise in the new American League in Philadelphia before moving to Kansas City in 1955 for 13 seasons and then to its current home on the San Francisco Bay in Oakland , California , in 1968 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals", "summary": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame", "summary": "The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame , located in Cooperstown , New York , and operated by private interests . It serves as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond , displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits , honoring those who have excelled in playing , managing , and serving the sport . The Hall 's motto is Preserving History , Honoring Excellence , Connecting Generations . The word Cooperstown is often used as shorthand ( or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum , similar to Canton for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton , Ohio . The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark , an heir to the Singer Sewing Machine fortune . Clark sought to bring tourists to a city hurt by the Great Depression , which reduced the local tourist trade , and Prohibition , which devastated the local hops industry . Clark constructed the Hall of Fame 's building , and it was dedicated on June 12 , 1939 . ( His granddaughter , Jane Forbes Clark , is the current chairman of the Board of Directors . ) The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall . An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994 . Dale Petroskey became the organization 's president in 1999 . In 2002 , the Hall launched Baseball As America , a traveling exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years ." } ] }, { "value": "Dick Groat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dick_Groat", "summary": "Richard Morrow Groat ( born November 4 , 1930 ) is a former two-sport athlete best known as a shortstop in Major League Baseball . He played for four National League teams , mainly the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Cardinals , and was named the league 's Most Valuable Player in 1960 after winning the batting title with a .325 average for the champion Pirates . From 1956 to 1962 he teamed with second baseman Bill Mazeroski to give Pittsburgh one of the game 's strongest middle infields . Groat led the NL in double plays a record five times , in putouts four times and in assists twice . At the end of his career he ranked ninth in major league history in games at shortstop ( 1,877 ) and fourth in double plays ( 1,237 ) , and was among the NL career leaders in putouts ( 10th , 3,505 ) , assists ( 8th , 5,811 ) and total chances ( 9th , 9,690 ) . Also an excellent basketball player , Groat attended Duke University and is a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . He was twice an All-American at Duke and was voted as the Helms National Player of the Year in 1952 after averaging 25.2 points per game . He played one season as a guard in the National Basketball Association . In 2011 Groat was inducted into the National College Baseball Hall of Fame , becoming the first man ever inducted into both the college basketball and college baseball halls of fame . From 1969 to 2019 he was the color commentator for Pittsburgh Panthers men 's basketball radio broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "Duke University , 1953", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_University", "summary": "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB Player , Shortstop , Pittsburgh Pirates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Shortstop", "summary": "Shortstop , abbreviated SS , is the baseball or softball fielding position between second and third base , which is considered to be among the most demanding defensive positions . Historically the position was assigned to defensive specialists who were typically poor at batting and were often placed at the bottom of the batting order . Today shortstops are often able to hit well and many are placed at the top of the lineup . In the numbering system used by scorers to record defensive plays , the shortstop is assigned the number 6 . More hit balls go to the shortstop than to any other position , as there are more right-handed hitters in baseball than left-handed hitters , and most hitters have a tendency to pull the ball slightly . Like a second baseman , a shortstop must be agile , for example when performing a 4-6-3 double play . Also , like a third baseman , the shortstop fields balls hit to the left side of the infield , where a strong arm is needed to throw out a batter-runner before they reach the safety of first base ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates", "summary": "The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Founded in 1881 under the name Pittsburgh Allegheny , the franchise has won five World Series championships . The Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos ( derived from buccaneer , a synonym for pirate ) . The team plays its home games at PNC Park , its home since 2001 . The Pirates previously played at Forbes Field from 1909-1970 and at Three Rivers Stadium , so named because of its location near the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers , from 1970-2000 . The franchise joined the NL in its eighth season in 1887 and was competitive from its early years , winning three NL titles from 1901 to 1903 , playing in the inaugural World Series in 1903 and winning their first World Series in 1909 behind Honus Wagner . The Pirates have had many ups and downs during their long history , most famously winning the 1960 World Series against the New York Yankees on a series-winning walk-off home run by Bill Mazeroski , the only time that Game 7 of the World Series has ever ended with a home run . They also won the 1971 World Series , led by the talent of Roberto Clemente , and the 1979 World Series under the slogan We Are Family , led by Pops Willie Stargell . After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s ( winning three straight NL East Division titles ) , the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years , with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012 - the longest such streak in American professional sports history - before posting a winning record in 2013 of 94-68 , qualifying them for the NL Wild Card . They advanced to the NL Division Series round , where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals . The Pirates made the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015 , losing in the Wild Card Game both times ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Palmer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Palmer", "summary": "James Alvin Palmer ( born October 15 , 1945 ) is an American former professional baseball pitcher who played 19 years in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Baltimore Orioles ( 1965-1967 , 1969-1984 ) . Palmer was the winningest MLB pitcher in the 1970s , totaling 186 wins . He also won at least 20 games in eight different seasons and won three Cy Young Awards and four Gold Gloves during the decade . His 268 career victories are currently an Orioles record . A six-time American League ( AL ) All-Star , he was also one of the rare pitchers who never allowed a grand slam in any major league contest . Palmer appeared in the postseason eight times and was a vital member of three World Series Champions , six AL pennant winners and seven Eastern Division titleholders . He is the only pitcher in history to earn a win in a World Series game in three different decades . He is also the youngest to pitch a complete-game shutout in a World Series , doing so nine days before his 21st birthday in 1966 . He was one of the starters on the last rotation to feature four 20-game winners in a single season in 1971 . He was elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1990 . Since his retirement as an active player in 1984 , Palmer has worked as a color commentator on telecasts of MLB games for ABC and ESPN and for the Orioles on Home Team Sports ( HTS ) , Comcast SportsNet ( CSN ) Mid-Atlantic and the Mid-Atlantic Sports Network ( MASN ) . He has also been a popular spokesman , most famously for Jockey International for almost twenty years ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona State , 1967", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB , Baltimore Orioles . Major League Baseball Hall of Famer pitcher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles", "summary": "The Baltimore Orioles are an American professional baseball team based in Baltimore , Maryland . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . As one of the American League 's eight charter teams in 1901 , this particular franchise spent its first year as a major league club in Milwaukee , Wisconsin , as the Milwaukee Brewers before moving to St. Louis , Missouri , to become the St. Louis Browns in 1902 . After 52 years in St. Louis , the franchise was purchased in November 1953 by a syndicate of Baltimore business and civic interests led by attorney and civic activist Clarence Miles and Mayor Thomas D'Alesandro , Jr . The team 's current owner is American trial lawyer Peter Angelos . The Orioles adopted their team name in honor of the official state bird of Maryland ; it had also been used by several previous major and minor league baseball clubs in Baltimore , including another AL charter member franchise also named the Baltimore Orioles , which moved north in 1903 to eventually become the New York Yankees . Nicknames for the team include the O 's and the Birds . The Orioles experienced their greatest success from 1966 to 1983 , when they made six World Series appearances , winning three of them ( 1966 , 1970 , 1983 ) . This era of the club featured several future Hall of Famers who would later be inducted representing the Orioles , such as third baseman Brooks Robinson , outfielder Frank Robinson , starting pitcher Jim Palmer , first baseman Eddie Murray , shortstop Cal Ripken Jr. , and manager Earl Weaver . The Orioles have won a total of nine division championships ( 1969-1971 , 1973-1974 , 1979 , 1983 , 1997 , 2014 ) , six pennants ( 1966 , 1969-1971 , 1979 , 1983 ) , and three wild card berths ( 1996 , 2012 , 2016 ) . Since moving to Baltimore in 1954 , the franchise has a win-loss record of 5306-5174 ( with a winning percentage of .506 ) as of the end of the 2019 season . After suffering a stretch of 14 straight losing seasons from 1998 to 2011 , the team qualified for the postseason three times under manager Buck Showalter and general manager Dan Duquette , including a division title and advancement to the American League Championship Series for the first time in 17 years in 2014 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Baseball_Hall_of_Fame", "summary": "The National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum is an American history museum and hall of fame , located in Cooperstown , New York , and operated by private interests . It serves as the central point for the study of the history of baseball in the United States and beyond , displays baseball-related artifacts and exhibits , honoring those who have excelled in playing , managing , and serving the sport . The Hall 's motto is Preserving History , Honoring Excellence , Connecting Generations . The word Cooperstown is often used as shorthand ( or a metonym ) for the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum , similar to Canton for the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton , Ohio . The Hall of Fame was established in 1939 by Stephen Carlton Clark , an heir to the Singer Sewing Machine fortune . Clark sought to bring tourists to a city hurt by the Great Depression , which reduced the local tourist trade , and Prohibition , which devastated the local hops industry . Clark constructed the Hall of Fame 's building , and it was dedicated on June 12 , 1939 . ( His granddaughter , Jane Forbes Clark , is the current chairman of the Board of Directors . ) The erroneous claim that Civil War hero Abner Doubleday invented baseball in Cooperstown was instrumental in the early marketing of the Hall . An expanded library and research facility opened in 1994 . Dale Petroskey became the organization 's president in 1999 . In 2002 , the Hall launched Baseball As America , a traveling exhibit that toured ten American museums over six years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pitcher", "summary": "In baseball , the pitcher is the player who throws the baseball from the pitcher 's mound toward the catcher to begin each play , with the goal of retiring a batter , who attempts to either make contact with the pitched ball or draw a walk . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the pitcher is assigned the number 1 . The pitcher is often considered the most important player on the defensive side of the game , and as such is situated at the right end of the defensive spectrum . There are many different types of pitchers , such as the starting pitcher , relief pitcher , middle reliever , lefty specialist , setup man , and the closer . Traditionally , the pitcher also bats . Starting in 1973 with the American League and spreading to further leagues throughout the 1980s and 1990s , the hitting duties of the pitcher have generally been given over to the position of designated hitter , a cause of some controversy . The National League in Major League Baseball and the Japanese Central League are among the remaining leagues that have not adopted the designated hitter position ." } ] }, { "value": "Nolen Richardson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nolen_Richardson", "summary": "Clifford Nolen Richardson ( January 18 , 1903 - September 25 , 1951 ) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball . He was born in Chattanooga , Tennessee and attended college at the University of Georgia . Besides , he was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . Richardson played for the Detroit Tigers , New York Yankees and Cincinnati Reds in a span of six seasons between 1929 and 1939 . In 168 career games , he collected 117 hits in 473 at bats for a .247 batting average . In between , Richardson was the shortstop and team captain of the 1937 Newark Bears , which is widely regarded as the best in Minor League Baseball history . Afterwards , Richardson became the head baseball coach at the University of Georgia . Richardson died on September 25 , 1951 in Athens , Georgia ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgia , 1926", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Georgia", "summary": "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB third baseman with the New York Yankees , Detroit Tigers and Cincinnati Reds . Head baseball coach , University of Georgia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLB", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Yankees", "summary": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City , the other being the National League 's ( NL ) New York Mets . The Yankees began play in the 1901 season as the Baltimore Orioles ( no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles ) . In 1903 , Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise after it ceased operations and moved it to New York City , renaming the club the New York Highlanders . The Highlanders were officially renamed the New York Yankees in 1913 . The team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises , an LLC that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner , who purchased the team in 1973 . Brian Cashman is the team 's general manager , and Aaron Boone is the team 's field manager . The team 's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008 . In 1974 and 1975 , the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets , in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants . In 2009 , they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility , which was closed and demolished . The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Tigers", "summary": "The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit , Michigan . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the American League ( AL ) Central division . One of the AL 's eight charter franchises , the club was founded in Detroit as a member of the minor league Western League in 1894 and is the only Western League team still in its original city . They are also the oldest continuous one name , one city franchise in the AL . Since their establishment as a major league franchise in 1901 , the Tigers have won four World Series championships ( 1935 , 1945 , 1968 , and 1984 ) , 11 AL pennants ( 1907 , 1908 , 1909 , 1934 , 1935 , 1940 , 1945 , 1968 , 1984 , 2006 , 2012 ) , and four AL Central division championships ( 2011 , 2012 , 2013 , and 2014 ) . They also won division titles in 1972 , 1984 , and 1987 as a member of the AL East . The team currently plays its home games at Comerica Park in Downtown Detroit . The Tigers constructed Bennett Park at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Trumbull Avenue in Corktown ( just west of Downtown Detroit ) and began playing there in 1896 . In 1912 , the team moved into Navin Field , which was built on the same location . It was expanded in 1938 and renamed Briggs Stadium . It was renamed Tiger Stadium in 1961 and the Tigers played there until moving to Comerica Park in 2000 . From 1901 to 2019 , the Tigers ' overall win-loss record is 9,346-9,191 ( a winning percentage of .504 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds", "summary": "The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . They were a charter member of the American Association in 1882 and joined the NL in 1890 . The Reds played in the NL West division from 1969 to 1993 , before joining the Central division in 1994 . They have won five World Series championships , nine NL pennants , one AA pennant , and 10 division titles . The team plays its home games at Great American Ball Park , which opened in 2003 replacing Riverfront Stadium . Bob Castellini has been chief executive officer since 2006 . From 1882 to 2019 , the Reds ' overall win-loss record is 10,599-10,393 ( a 0.505 winning percentage ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/College_Baseball", "summary": "College baseball is baseball that is played on the intercollegiate level at institutions of higher education . In comparison to football and basketball , college competition in the United States plays a smaller role in developing professional players , as baseball 's professional minor leagues are more extensive , with a greater history of supplying players to the top professional league . Moving directly from high school to the professional level is more common in baseball than in football or basketball . However , if players do opt to enroll at a four-year college to play baseball , they must complete three years to regain professional eligibility , unless they reach age 21 before starting their third year of college . Players who enroll at junior colleges ( i.e. , two-year institutions ) regain eligibility after one year at that level . In the most recently completed 2017 season , there were 298 NCAA Division I teams in the United States ( including schools transitioning from Division II to Division I ) . As with most other U.S. intercollegiate sports , competitive college baseball is played under the auspices of either the NCAA , the NAIA , or the NJCAA . The NCAA writes the rules of play , while each sanctioning body supervises season-ending tournaments . The final rounds of the NCAA tournaments are known as the College World Series ; one is held on each of the three levels of competition sanctioned by the NCAA . The College World Series for Division I takes place in Omaha , Nebraska in June , following the regular season . The playoff bracket for Division I consists of 64 teams , with four teams playing at each of 16 regional sites ( in a double-elimination format ) . The 16 winners advance to the Super Regionals at eight sites , played head-to-head in a best-of-three series ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Coach_(sports)", "summary": "In sports , a coach is a person involved in the direction , instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople . A coach may also be a teacher ." }, { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Georgia", "summary": "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Freddy Sale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Freddy_Sale", "summary": "Frederick Link Sale ( May 2 , 1902 - May 27 , 1956 ) was a right-handed pitcher who appeared in one game in for the Pittsburgh Pirates in 1924 . He was a native of Chester , South Carolina . He attended the University of Georgia where he was a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity . He lettered in baseball as a pitcher from 1922 to 1924 . [ permanent dead link ] He pitched a one-hitter against Oglethorpe University in 1922 . In 1923 he tossed a perfect game against the University of Virginia . On June 30 , 1924 , Sale came in to pitch the bottom of the 8th inning of a road game that the Pirates lost to the St. Louis Cardinals 7-5 . Facing just four batters , he allowed two hits but no runs in his one inning of work . His lifetime ERA stands at 0.00 . Sale died at the age of 54 in Hermosa Beach , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgia , 1924", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Georgia", "summary": "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB pitcher with the Pittsburgh Pirates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MLB", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates", "summary": "The Pittsburgh Pirates are an American professional baseball team based in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . Founded in 1881 under the name Pittsburgh Allegheny , the franchise has won five World Series championships . The Pirates are also often referred to as the Bucs or the Buccos ( derived from buccaneer , a synonym for pirate ) . The team plays its home games at PNC Park , its home since 2001 . The Pirates previously played at Forbes Field from 1909-1970 and at Three Rivers Stadium , so named because of its location near the confluence of the Allegheny , Monongahela , and Ohio rivers , from 1970-2000 . The franchise joined the NL in its eighth season in 1887 and was competitive from its early years , winning three NL titles from 1901 to 1903 , playing in the inaugural World Series in 1903 and winning their first World Series in 1909 behind Honus Wagner . The Pirates have had many ups and downs during their long history , most famously winning the 1960 World Series against the New York Yankees on a series-winning walk-off home run by Bill Mazeroski , the only time that Game 7 of the World Series has ever ended with a home run . They also won the 1971 World Series , led by the talent of Roberto Clemente , and the 1979 World Series under the slogan We Are Family , led by Pops Willie Stargell . After a run of regular-season success in the early 1990s ( winning three straight NL East Division titles ) , the Pirates struggled mightily over the following 20 years , with 20 consecutive losing seasons from 1993 to 2012 - the longest such streak in American professional sports history - before posting a winning record in 2013 of 94-68 , qualifying them for the NL Wild Card . They advanced to the NL Division Series round , where they lost in 5 games to the St. Louis Cardinals . The Pirates made the playoffs in both 2014 and 2015 , losing in the Wild Card Game both times ." } ] }, { "value": "Vernon Catfish Smith", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vernon_Smith_(football)", "summary": "Vernon Catfish Smith ( January 14 , 1908 - September 29 , 1988 ) was an American football , basketball , and baseball player , coach , and military officer . A three-sport athlete at the University of Georgia , Smith was named to the 1931 College Football All-America Team as an end . After his playing days , he served as the co-head basketball coach at his alma mater during the 1937-38 season . Smith was also the head baseball coach at Georgia from 1934 to 1937 and at the University of South Carolina from 1938 to 1939 and again from 1946 to 1947 . He was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a player in 1979 ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgia , 1932", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Georgia", "summary": "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "College Football Hall of Fame . Head baseball coach , University of Georgia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/College_Football_Hall_of_Fame", "summary": "Original plans in 1967 called for the Hall of Fame to be located at Rutgers University in New Brunswick , New Jersey , the location of the first contest under rules now considered to be those of modern football , between teams from Rutgers and the College of New Jersey , now Princeton University ; Rutgers won 6-4 . Rutgers donated land near its football stadium , office space , and administrative support . After years of collecting donations for the construction of the building with ground not having been broken and no plans to do so , the New Jersey Attorney General began an investigation of the finances of the Hall of Fame 's foundation , the National Football Foundation . In response , the Foundation moved its operations to New York City , where it continued to collect donations for several years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/College_Baseball", "summary": "College baseball is baseball that is played on the intercollegiate level at institutions of higher education . In comparison to football and basketball , college competition in the United States plays a smaller role in developing professional players , as baseball 's professional minor leagues are more extensive , with a greater history of supplying players to the top professional league . Moving directly from high school to the professional level is more common in baseball than in football or basketball . However , if players do opt to enroll at a four-year college to play baseball , they must complete three years to regain professional eligibility , unless they reach age 21 before starting their third year of college . Players who enroll at junior colleges ( i.e. , two-year institutions ) regain eligibility after one year at that level . In the most recently completed 2017 season , there were 298 NCAA Division I teams in the United States ( including schools transitioning from Division II to Division I ) . As with most other U.S. intercollegiate sports , competitive college baseball is played under the auspices of either the NCAA , the NAIA , or the NJCAA . The NCAA writes the rules of play , while each sanctioning body supervises season-ending tournaments . The final rounds of the NCAA tournaments are known as the College World Series ; one is held on each of the three levels of competition sanctioned by the NCAA . The College World Series for Division I takes place in Omaha , Nebraska in June , following the regular season . The playoff bracket for Division I consists of 64 teams , with four teams playing at each of 16 regional sites ( in a double-elimination format ) . The 16 winners advance to the Super Regionals at eight sites , played head-to-head in a best-of-three series ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Coach_(sports)", "summary": "In sports , a coach is a person involved in the direction , instruction and training of the operations of a sports team or of individual sportspeople . A coach may also be a teacher ." }, { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Georgia", "summary": "The University of Georgia ( UGA or Georgia ) is a public research university with its main campus in Athens , Georgia . Founded in 1785 , it is one of the oldest public universities in the United States . The university is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity , and as having more selective undergraduate admissions , its most selective admissions category , while the ACT Assessment Student Report places UGA admissions in the Highly Selective category , the highest classification . In keeping with the teaching portion of its motto , the university has a student-to-faculty ratio of 17 students per faculty member , and 46 percent of its classes have fewer than 20 students . In its 2020 rankings , U.S. News & World Report ranked the university tied for 50th among all U.S. public and private national universities and 16th among all public ones . In addition to the main campuses in Athens with their approximately 470 buildings , the university has two smaller campuses located in Tifton and Griffin . The university has two satellite campuses located in Atlanta and Lawrenceville . The university operates several service and outreach stations spread across the state . The total acreage of the university in 30 Georgia counties is 41,539 acres ( 168.10 km2 ) . The university also owns a residential education and research center in Washington , DC , as well as three international residential and research centers located at Oxford University in Oxford , England , at Cortona , Italy , and at Monteverde , Costa Rica . Student life includes more than 700 student organizations . The University of Georgia 's intercollegiate sports teams , commonly known by their Georgia Bulldogs nickname , compete in National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I and the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Bobby Valentine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bobby_Valentine", "summary": "Robert John Valentine ( born May 13 , 1950 ) , nicknamed Bobby V , is a former American professional baseball player and manager . He is currently the athletic director at Sacred Heart University . Valentine played for the Los Angeles Dodgers ( 1969 , 1971-72 ) , California Angels ( 1973-75 ) , New York Mets ( 1977-78 ) , and Seattle Mariners ( 1979 ) in MLB . He managed the Texas Rangers ( 1985-92 ) , the New York Mets ( 1996-2002 ) , and the Boston Red Sox ( 2012 ) of MLB , as well as the Chiba Lotte Marines of Nippon Professional Baseball ( 1995 , 2004-09 ) . Valentine has also served as the Director of Public Safety & Health for the city of Stamford , Connecticut and an analyst for ESPN Sunday Night Baseball . In February 2013 , CBSSports.com hired Valentine to represent its Fantasy Sports business , including running a viral marketing campaign in which he made fun of the many times he was fired in his career and gave fans a chance to Hire or Fire Bobby V one more time ." } ] }, { "value": "USC , 1972", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Southern_California", "summary": "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Former manager of the Boston Red Sox , former ESPN analyst for Sunday Night Baseball . Former player in the MLB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox", "summary": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team have won nine World Series championships , tied for the third-most of any MLB team , and they have played in 13 . Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018 . In addition , they won the 1904 American League pennant , but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series . Founded in 1901 as one of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the Red Sox ' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912 . The Red Sox name was chosen by the team owner , John I. Taylor , circa 1908 , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the Boston Red Stockings , including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves . The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918 . However , they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history , dubbed the Curse of the Bambino after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox ' sale of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918 , an 86-year wait before the team 's sixth World Championship in 2004 . The team 's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history , including Enos Slaughter 's mad dash in 1946 , the Impossible Dream of 1967 , Carlton Fisk 's home run in 1975 , and Bill Buckner 's error in 1986 . Following their victory in the 2018 World Series , they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century , with championships in 2004 , 2007 , 2013 and 2018 . The team 's history has also been marked by the team 's intense rivalry with the New York Yankees , arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/ESPN", "summary": "ESPN ( originally an initialism for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network ) is an American basic cable sports channel owned by ESPN Inc. , owned jointly by The Walt Disney Company ( 80% ) and Hearst Communications ( 20% ) . The company was founded in 1979 by Bill Rasmussen along with his son Scott Rasmussen and Ed Egan . ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol , Connecticut . The network also operates offices in Miami , New York City , Seattle , Charlotte , and Los Angeles . James Pitaro currently serves as chairman of ESPN , a position he has held since March 5 , 2018 , following the resignation of John Skipper on December 18 , 2017 . While ESPN is one of the most successful sports networks , there has been much criticism of ESPN , which includes accusations of biased coverage , conflict of interest , and controversies with individual broadcasters and analysts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." } ] }, { "value": "Bill Werber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bill_Werber", "summary": "William Murray Werber ( June 20 , 1908 - January 22 , 2009 ) was a third baseman in Major League Baseball who played for the New York Yankees ( 1930 , 1933 ) , Boston Red Sox ( 1933-1936 ) , Philadelphia Athletics ( 1937-1938 ) , Cincinnati Reds ( 1939-1941 ) and New York Giants ( 1942 ) . He led American League third basemen in putouts and assists once each , and also led National League third basemen in assists , double plays and fielding percentage once each . A strong baserunner , he led the AL in stolen bases three times and led the NL in runs in 1939 as the Reds won the pennant . He was born in Berwyn Heights , Maryland and batted and threw right-handed ." } ] }, { "value": "Duke University , 1930", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duke_University", "summary": "Duke University is a private research university in Durham , North Carolina . Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day town of Trinity in 1838 , the school moved to Durham in 1892 . In 1924 , tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established The Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father , Washington Duke . Duke is often ranked as one of the world 's top 20-25 universities . The Wall Street Journal has also named Duke as the best university for graduate outcomes for several years in a row ( tied with Harvard University and Yale University ) . Several faculty members , affiliates and alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize in recent years . Notable examples since 2012 include Robert Lefkowitz , Brian Kobilka , Gregg L. Semenza , Paul Modrich , William Kaelin , and George Smith . In 2019 , Clarivate Analytics named 54 members of Duke 's faculty to its list of Highly Cited Researchers . That number places Duke 8th among the world 's universities behind Harvard , Stanford , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Max Planck Society , Broad Institute , UC Berkeley and WUSTL . Duke 's campus spans over 8,600 acres ( 3,500 hectares ) on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham as well as a marine lab in Beaufort . The West Campus - designed largely by architect Julian Abele - incorporates Gothic architecture with the 210-foot ( 64-meter ) Duke Chapel at the campus ' center and highest point of elevation , is adjacent to the Medical Center . East Campus , 1.5 miles ( 2.4 kilometers ) away , home to all first-years , contains Georgian-style architecture ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB , Primarily with the Cincinnati Reds , Boston Red Sox , New York Yankees", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds", "summary": "The Cincinnati Reds are an American professional baseball team based in Cincinnati , Ohio . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) Central division . They were a charter member of the American Association in 1882 and joined the NL in 1890 . The Reds played in the NL West division from 1969 to 1993 , before joining the Central division in 1994 . They have won five World Series championships , nine NL pennants , one AA pennant , and 10 division titles . The team plays its home games at Great American Ball Park , which opened in 2003 replacing Riverfront Stadium . Bob Castellini has been chief executive officer since 2006 . From 1882 to 2019 , the Reds ' overall win-loss record is 10,599-10,393 ( a 0.505 winning percentage ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox", "summary": "The Boston Red Sox are an American professional baseball team based in Boston , Massachusetts . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . The team have won nine World Series championships , tied for the third-most of any MLB team , and they have played in 13 . Their most recent World Series appearance and win was in 2018 . In addition , they won the 1904 American League pennant , but were not able to defend their 1903 World Series championship when the New York Giants refused to participate in the 1904 World Series . Founded in 1901 as one of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the Red Sox ' home ballpark has been Fenway Park since 1912 . The Red Sox name was chosen by the team owner , John I. Taylor , circa 1908 , following the lead of previous teams that had been known as the Boston Red Stockings , including the forerunner of the Atlanta Braves . The Red Sox were a dominant team in the new league , defeating the Pittsburgh Pirates in the first World Series in 1903 and winning four more championships by 1918 . However , they then went into one of the longest championship droughts in baseball history , dubbed the Curse of the Bambino after its alleged inception due to the Red Sox ' sale of Babe Ruth to the rival New York Yankees two years after their world championship in 1918 , an 86-year wait before the team 's sixth World Championship in 2004 . The team 's history during that period was punctuated with some of the most memorable moments in World Series history , including Enos Slaughter 's mad dash in 1946 , the Impossible Dream of 1967 , Carlton Fisk 's home run in 1975 , and Bill Buckner 's error in 1986 . Following their victory in the 2018 World Series , they became the first team to win four World Series trophies in the 21st century , with championships in 2004 , 2007 , 2013 and 2018 . The team 's history has also been marked by the team 's intense rivalry with the New York Yankees , arguably the fiercest and most historic in North American professional sports ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Yankees", "summary": "The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) East division . They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City , the other being the National League 's ( NL ) New York Mets . The Yankees began play in the 1901 season as the Baltimore Orioles ( no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles ) . In 1903 , Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise after it ceased operations and moved it to New York City , renaming the club the New York Highlanders . The Highlanders were officially renamed the New York Yankees in 1913 . The team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises , an LLC that is controlled by the family of the late George Steinbrenner , who purchased the team in 1973 . Brian Cashman is the team 's general manager , and Aaron Boone is the team 's field manager . The team 's home games were played at the original Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008 . In 1974 and 1975 , the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets , in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants . In 2009 , they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was constructed adjacent to the previous facility , which was closed and demolished . The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance ." } ] }, { "value": "Josh Willingham", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josh_Willingham", "summary": "Joshua David Willingham ( born February 17 , 1979 ) is a former American professional baseball left fielder . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida Marlins , Washington Nationals , Oakland Athletics , Minnesota Twins and Kansas City Royals ." } ] }, { "value": "University of North Alabama , 1999", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_North_Alabama", "summary": "The University of North Alabama ( UNA ) is a public university in Florence , Alabama . It is the state 's oldest four-year public university . Occupying a 130-acre ( 0.5 km2 ) campus in a residential section of Florence , UNA is located within a four-city area that also includes Tuscumbia , Sheffield and Muscle Shoals . The four cities compose a metropolitan area with a combined population of 140,000 people . The University of North Alabama was founded as LaGrange College in 1830 . It was reestablished in 1872 as the first state-supported teachers college south of the Ohio River . A year later , it became one of the nation 's first coeducational colleges ." } ] }, { "value": "MLB Player , Left fielder , Kansas City Royals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Major_League_Baseball", "summary": "Major League Baseball ( MLB ) is a professional baseball organization . It is the oldest of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada . A total of 30 teams play in Major League Baseball : 15 teams in the National League ( NL ) and 15 in the American League ( AL ) . The NL and AL were formed as separate legal entities in 1876 and 1901 , respectively . Beginning in 1903 , the two leagues cooperated but remained legally separate entities . In 2000 the leagues merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball . MLB also oversees Minor League Baseball , which comprises 256 teams affiliated with the major league clubs . MLB and the World Baseball Softball Confederation jointly manage the international World Baseball Classic tournament . Baseball 's first openly all-professional team was the Cincinnati Red Stockings founded in 1869 . Before that , some teams had secretly paid some players . The first few decades of professional baseball were characterized by rivalries between leagues and by players who often jumped from one team or league to another . The period before 1920 is known as the dead-ball era , during which players would rarely hit home runs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Left_fielder", "summary": "In baseball , a left fielder ( LF ) is an outfielder who plays defense in left field . Left field is the area of the outfield to the left of a person standing at home plate and facing towards the pitcher 's mound . In the numbering system used to record defensive plays , the left fielder is assigned the number 7 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kansas_City_Royals", "summary": "The Kansas City Royals are an American professional baseball team based in Kansas City , Missouri . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member team of the American League ( AL ) Central division . The team was founded as an expansion franchise in 1969 , and has participated in four World Series , winning in 1985 and 2015 , and losing in 1980 and 2014 . The name Royals pays homage to the American Royal , a livestock show , horse show , rodeo , and championship barbeque competition held annually in Kansas City since 1899 as well as the identical names of two former negro league baseball teams that played in the first half of the 20th century ( one a semi-pro team based in Kansas City in the 1910s and 1920s that toured the Midwest and a California Winter League team based in Los Angeles in the 1940s that was managed by Chet Brewer and included Satchel Paige and Jackie Robinson on its roster ) . The Los Angeles team had personnel connections to the Monarchs but could not use the Monarchs name . The name also fits into something of a theme for other professional sports franchises in the city , including the Kansas City Chiefs of the NFL , the former Kansas City Kings of the NBA , and the former Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro National League . In 1968 , the team held a name-the-team contest that received more than 17,000 entries . Sanford Porte , a bridge engineer from the suburb of Overland Park , Kansas was named the winner for his Royals entry . His reason had nothing to do with royalty . Kansas Citys new baseball team should be called the Royals because of Missouris billion-dollar livestock income , Kansas Citys position as the nations leading stocker and feeder market and the nationally known American Royal parade and pageant , Porte wrote . The team 's board voted 6-1 on the name , with the only opposition coming from team owner Ewing Kauffman , who eventually changed his vote and said the name had grown on him . Entering the American League in 1969 along with the Seattle Pilots , the club was founded by Kansas City businessman Ewing Kauffman ." } ] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Sigma_Chi_members_0", "intro": "This is a list of notable alumni of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. Many notable Sigma Chi Brothers are awarded the Significant Sig Award by headquarters, indicated by as superscriptS." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Phi_Sigma_Kappa_brothers", "title": "List of Phi Sigma Kappa brothers", "header": [ "Name", "Original chapter", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Alan Baxter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alan_Baxter_(actor)", "summary": "Alan Baxter ( November 19 , 1908 - May 7 , 1976 ) was an American film and television actor ." } ] }, { "value": "Chi ( Williams ) , 1930", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Williams_College", "summary": "Williams College is a private liberal arts college in Williamstown , Massachusetts . It was established in 1793 with funds from the estate of Ephraim Williams , a colonist from the Province of Massachusetts Bay who was killed in the French and Indian War in 1755 . Williams is on a 450-acre ( 1.8 km2 ) campus in Williamstown , in the Berkshires in rural northwestern Massachusetts . The campus contains more than 100 academic , athletic , and residential buildings . There are 357 voting faculty members , with a student-to-faculty ratio of 7:1 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the school has an enrollment of 2,078 undergraduate students and 56 graduate students . The college competes in the NCAA Division III New England Small College Athletic Conference , and competes in the conference as the Ephs . The athletic program has been highly successful , as Williams College has won 22 of the last 24 College Directors ' Cups for NCAA Division III . Following a liberal arts curriculum , Williams College provides undergraduate instruction in 25 academic departments and interdisciplinary programs including 36 majors in the humanities , arts , social sciences , and natural sciences . Williams offers an almost entirely undergraduate instruction , as there are two graduate programs in development economics and art history . The college maintains affiliations with the nearby Clark Art Institute and Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art , and has a close relationship with Exeter College , Oxford University . Undergraduate admission is highly selective , with an acceptance rate of 12% for the Class of 2023 ." } ] }, { "value": "Television and motion picture actor from 1935 to 1966 . A popular character actor of his day , portraying classic villains , his credits include many film , stage and television appearances , for example , Perry Mason and The Virginian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Cook", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Cook_(singer)", "summary": "David Roland Cook ( born December 20 , 1982 ) is an American rock singer-songwriter , who rose to fame after winning the seventh season of American Idol in 2008 . Prior to Idol he released an independent album entitled Analog Heart . This was followed by his post-Idol major-label debut David Cook which was released on November 18 , 2008 , and has since been certified platinum by the RIAA . His second major album This Loud Morning was released on June 28 , 2011 . His third post American Idol and fourth overall studio album Digital Vein was released on September 18 , 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Epsilon Iota ( Central Missouri ) , 2006", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Central_Missouri", "summary": "The University of Central Missouri ( UCM ) is a public university in Warrensburg , Missouri . It serves more than 14000 students from 49 states and 59 countries on its 1,561-acre campus . UCM offers 150 programs of study , including 10 pre-professional programs , 27 areas of teacher certification , and 37 graduate programs ." } ] }, { "value": "Rock musician , winner of television show American Idol Season # 7 in 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Julio DiBenedetto", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pi Deuteron ( Ohio State ) , 1951", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ohio_State_University", "summary": "The Ohio State University ( OSU , commonly referred to as Ohio State ) is a public research university in Columbus , Ohio . Founded in 1870 as a land-grant university and the ninth university in Ohio with the Morrill Act of 1862 , the university was originally known as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College . The college originally focused on various agricultural and mechanical disciplines but it developed into a comprehensive university under the direction of then-Governor ( later , U.S. president ) Rutherford B. Hayes , and in 1878 the Ohio General Assembly passed a law changing the name to The Ohio State University . The main campus in Columbus , Ohio , has since grown into the third-largest university campus in the United States . The university also operates regional campuses in Lima , Mansfield , Marion , Newark , and Wooster . The university has an extensive student life program , with over 1,000 student organizations ; intercollegiate , club and recreational sports programs ; student media organizations and publications , fraternities and sororities ; and three student governments . Ohio State athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are known as the Ohio State Buckeyes . As of the 2016 Summer Olympics , athletes from Ohio State have won 104 Olympic medals ( 46 gold , 35 silver , and 23 bronze ) . The university is a member of the Big Ten Conference for the majority of sports ." } ] }, { "value": "Producer and Director of television shows", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Frank Filipetti", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frank_Filipetti", "summary": "Frank Filipetti is a 7x Grammy-winning music producer , engineer and mixer who was born in Bristol , Connecticut . Frank won 5 of those Grammys for The Color Purple , The Book of Mormon , Wicked , Monty Python 's Spamalot and Elton John and Tim Rice 's Aida . He was one of the first engineers to embrace digital . His credits include mixes for such number one singles as Foreigner 's I Want to Know What Love Is and I Do n't Want to Live Without You ( which he also produced ) , the 1983 KISS album , Lick It Up and The Bangles ' song , Eternal Flame . Filipetti engineered and produced Survivor 's 1988 album , Too Hot to Sleep . Filipetti also recorded and mixed albums for Carly Simon , Barbra Streisand , Vanessa Williams , George Michael , 10,000 Maniacs , Lauren Kinhan , Korn , Frank Zappa and James Taylor , whose Hourglass Filipetti produced , engineered and mixed , winning Grammy Awards in 1998 for Best Engineered Album and Best Pop Album . A proponent of surround sound , Filipetti has made nine 5.1/DVD projects , including works for Billy Joel , Carly Simon , James Taylor and Meatloaf . He has recorded and mixed numerous live albums including the Pavarotti and Friends series , 1999 's Minnelli on Minnelli : Live at the Palace , James Taylor 's Live at the Beacon and most recently , Elton John 's One Night Only . He is also recorded original cast albums for A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum featuring Nathan Lane , the Grammy-winning Annie Get Your Gun and 2000 's Tony Award-winning and Grammy-nominated Aida , among others . Filipetti lives in West Nyack , New York and is managed by Joe D'Ambrosio Management , Inc ." } ] }, { "value": "Iota Triton ( Connecticut ) , 1968", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Connecticut", "summary": "The University of Connecticut ( UConn ) is a public land grant , National Sea Grant and National Space Grant research university in Storrs , Connecticut . It was founded in 1881 . The primary 4,400-acre ( 17.8 km2 ) campus is in Storrs , Connecticut , approximately a half hour 's drive from Hartford and 90 minutes from Boston . It is a flagship university that is ranked as tied for the best public national university in New England and is tied for 24th in top public schools and tied for 64th best national university in the 2020 U.S. News & World Report rankings . UConn has been ranked by Money Magazine and Princeton Review top 18th in value . The university is designated R-1 : Doctoral Universities - Highest Research Activity with the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education classifying the student body as More Selective , its most selective admissions category . The university has been recognized as a Public Ivy , defined as a select group of publicly funded universities considered to provide a quality of education comparable to those of the Ivy League . UConn is one of the founding institutions of the Hartford , Connecticut/Springfield , Massachusetts regional economic and cultural partnership alliance known as New England 's Knowledge Corridor . UConn was the second U.S. university invited into Universitas 21 , an elite international network of 24 research-intensive universities , who work together to foster global citizenship . UConn is accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges . UConn was founded in 1881 as the Storrs Agricultural School , named after two brothers who donated the land for the school . In 1893 , the school became a land grant college ." } ] }, { "value": "Grammy Award-winning recording engineer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cedric W. Foster", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tau ( Dartmouth ) , 1924", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dartmouth_College", "summary": "Dartmouth College ( /ˈdɑːrtməθ/ DART-məth ) is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover , New Hampshire , United States . Established in 1769 by Eleazar Wheelock , it is the ninth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . Although founded as a school to educate Native Americans in Christian theology and the English way of life , Dartmouth primarily trained Congregationalist ministers throughout its early history before it gradually secularized , emerging at the turn of the 20th century from relative obscurity into national prominence . Following a liberal arts curriculum , the university provides undergraduate instruction in 40 academic departments and interdisciplinary programs including 57 majors in the humanities , social sciences , natural sciences , and engineering , and enables students to design specialized concentrations or engage in dual degree programs . Dartmouth comprises five constituent schools : the original undergraduate college , the Geisel School of Medicine , the Thayer School of Engineering , the Tuck School of Business , and the Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies . The university also has affiliations with the Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center , the Rockefeller Institute for Public Policy , and the Hopkins Center for the Arts . With a student enrollment of about 6,400 , Dartmouth is the smallest university in the Ivy League . Undergraduate admissions are highly competitive , with an acceptance rate of 7.9% for the Class of 2023 . Situated on a terrace above the Connecticut River , Dartmouth 's 269-acre main campus is in the rural Upper Valley region of New England . The university functions on a quarter system , operating year-round on four ten-week academic terms . Dartmouth is known for its undergraduate focus , strong Greek culture , and wide array of enduring campus traditions . Its 34 varsity sports teams compete intercollegiately in the Ivy League conference of the NCAA Division I. Dartmouth is consistently included among the highest-ranked universities in the United States by several institutional rankings , and has been cited as a leading university for undergraduate teaching and research by U.S. News & World Report ." } ] }, { "value": "News Analyst , MBS ; member of executive staff , Yankee Network", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mutual_Broadcasting_System", "summary": "The Mutual Broadcasting System ( commonly referred to simply as Mutual ; sometimes referred to as MBS , Mutual Radio or the Mutual Radio Network ) was an American commercial radio network in operation from 1934 to 1999 . In the golden age of U.S. radio drama , Mutual was best known as the original network home of The Lone Ranger and The Adventures of Superman and as the long-time radio residence of The Shadow . For many years , it was a national broadcaster for Major League Baseball ( including the All-Star Game and World Series ) , the National Football League , and Notre Dame football . From the mid-1930s and until the retirement of the network in 1999 , Mutual ran a highly respected news service accompanied by a variety of popular commentary shows . During the late 1970s , Mutual pioneered the nationwide late night call-in radio show and introduced the country to Larry King . In the early 1970s , acting in much the same style as rival ABC had two years earlier ( in 1968 ) , Mutual launched four radio networks : Mutual Black Network ( MBN ) ( initially launched as Mutual Reports ) , which evolved to today 's American Urban Radio Networks ( AURN ) ; Mutual Cadena Hispánica ( trans . Mutual Spanish Network ) ; Mutual Southwest Network , and Mutual Progressive Network ( was later re-branded Mutual Lifestyle Radio in 1980 , then cancelled in 1983 ) . Of the four national networks of American radio 's classic era , Mutual had for decades the largest number of affiliates , but the least certain financial position ( which prevented Mutual from expanding into television broadcasting after World War II , as the other three networks did ) . For the first 18 years of its existence , Mutual was owned and operated as a cooperative ( a system similar to that of today 's National Public Radio ) , setting the network apart from its corporate owned competitors . Mutual 's member stations shared their own original programming , transmission and promotion expenses , and advertising revenues . From December 30 , 1936 , when it debuted in the West , the Mutual Broadcasting System had affiliates from coast to coast . Its business structure would change after General Tire assumed majority ownership in 1952 through a series of regional and individual station acquisitions ." } ] }, { "value": "David French", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gamma ( Cornell ) , 1960", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornell_University", "summary": "Cornell University ( /kɔːrˈnɛl/ kor-NEL ) is a private and statutory Ivy League research university in Ithaca , New York . Founded in 1865 by Ezra Cornell and Andrew Dickson White , the university was intended to teach and make contributions in all fields of knowledge - from the classics to the sciences , and from the theoretical to the applied . These ideals , unconventional for the time , are captured in Cornell 's founding principle , a popular 1868 Ezra Cornell quotation : I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study . The university is broadly organized into seven undergraduate colleges and seven graduate divisions at its main Ithaca campus , with each college and division defining its own admission standards and academic programs in near autonomy . The university also administers two satellite medical campuses , one in New York City and one in Education City , Qatar , and Cornell Tech , a graduate program that incorporates technology , business , and creative thinking . The program moved from Google 's Chelsea Building in New York City to its permanent campus on Roosevelt Island in September 2017 . Cornell is one of ten private land grant universities in the United States and the only one in New York . [ note 1 ] Of its seven undergraduate colleges , three are state-supported statutory or contract colleges through the State University of New York ( SUNY ) system , including its agricultural and human ecology colleges as well as its industrial labor relations school . Of Cornell 's graduate schools , only the veterinary college is state-supported . As a land grant college , Cornell operates a cooperative extension outreach program in every county of New York and receives annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions . The Cornell University Ithaca Campus comprises 745 acres , but is much larger when the Cornell Botanic Gardens ( more than 4,300 acres ) and the numerous university-owned lands in New York City are considered . As of October 2019 , 59 Nobel laureates , four Turing Award winners and one Fields Medalist have been affiliated with Cornell University ." } ] }, { "value": "Former news anchor , CNN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CNN", "summary": "CNN ( Cable News Network ) is an American news-based pay television channel owned by AT & T 's WarnerMedia . CNN was founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner as a 24-hour cable news channel . Upon its launch in 1980 , CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and was the first all-news television channel in the United States . While the news channel has numerous affiliates , CNN primarily broadcasts from 30 Hudson Yards in New York City , and studios in Washington , D.C. and Los Angeles . Its headquarters at the CNN Center in Atlanta is only used for weekend programming . CNN is sometimes referred to as CNN/U.S . ( or CNN Domestic ) to distinguish the U.S. channel from its international sister network , CNN International . The network is known for its dramatic live coverage of breaking news , some of which has drawn criticism as overly sensationalistic , and for its efforts to be nonpartisan , which have led to accusations of false balance . As of September 2018 , CNN has 90.1 million television households as subscribers ( 97.7% of households with cable ) in the United States . In 2019 , CNN ranked third in viewership among cable news networks , behind rivals Fox News and MSNBC , averaging 972,000 viewers . CNN ranks 14th among all basic cable networks . Globally , CNN programming airs through CNN International , which can be seen by viewers in over 212 countries and territories ." } ] }, { "value": "Squire Fridell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Squire_Fridell", "summary": "Squire Fridell ( born February 9 , 1943 ) is an American actor and co-owner and operator of GlenLyon Vineyards , perhaps best known for his infectious enthusiasm displayed in over three thousand television commercials ." } ] }, { "value": "Phi Tetarton ( U. Pacific ) , 1964", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_the_Pacific_(United_States)", "summary": "University of the Pacific ( Pacific or UOP ) is a private Methodist-affiliated university with campuses in Sacramento , San Francisco , and Stockton , California . It is the oldest chartered university in California , the first independent coeducational campus in California , and both the first conservatory of music and first medical school on the West Coast . UOP was first chartered on July 10 , 1851 , in Santa Clara , California , under the name California Wesleyan College . The school moved to San Jose in 1871 and then to Stockton 97 years ago in 1923 . Pacific is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . In addition to its liberal arts college and graduate school , Pacific has schools of business , dentistry , education , engineering , international studies , law , music , and pharmacy and health sciences . It has extensive collections pertaining to jazz musician and alumnus Dave Brubeck , who in 1953 released the live album Jazz at the College of the Pacific . It is also home to the papers of environmental pioneer John Muir ." } ] }, { "value": "Television actor , has appeared in over three thousand television commercials . Portrayed The Toyotaman in American TV ads for The Toyota Motor Corporation . Served as the official Ronald McDonald clown character commercials for McDonald 's restaurants . Supporting character roles in Rosetti and Ryan , M*A*S*H , Newhart , Ironside and Adam-12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toyota_Motor_Corporation", "summary": "Toyota Motor Corporation ( Japanese : トヨタ自動車株式会社 , Hepburn : Toyota Jidōsha KK , IPA : [ toꜜjota ] , English : /tɔɪˈoʊtə/ ) is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota , Aichi , Japan . In 2017 , Toyota 's corporate structure consisted of 364,445 employees worldwide and , as of December 2019 [ update ] , was the tenth-largest company in the world by revenue . Toyota is the second largest automobile manufacturer in the world , behind Volkswagen , based on 2018 unit sales . Toyota was the world 's first automobile manufacturer to produce more than 10 million vehicles per year , which it has done since 2012 , when it also reported the production of its 200-millionth vehicle . As of July 2014 [ update ] , Toyota was the largest listed company in Japan by market capitalization ( worth more than twice as much as number 2-ranked SoftBank ) and by revenue . Toyota is the global market leader in sales of hybrid electric vehicles , and one of the largest companies to encourage the mass-market adoption of hybrid vehicles across the globe . Toyota is also a market leader in hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles . Cumulative global sales of Toyota and Lexus hybrid passenger car models achieved the 10 million milestone in January 2017 . Its Prius family is the world 's top-selling hybrid nameplate with over 6 million units sold worldwide as of January 2017 [ update ] . The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 , as a spinoff from his father 's company Toyota Industries to create automobiles . Three years earlier , in 1934 , while still a department of Toyota Industries , it created its first product , the Type A engine , and its first passenger car in 1936 , the Toyota AA . Toyota Motor Corporation produces vehicles under five brands , including the Toyota brand , Hino , Lexus , Ranz , and Daihatsu ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ronald_McDonald", "summary": "Ronald McDonald is a clown character used as the primary mascot of the McDonald 's fast-food restaurant chain . In television commercials , the clown inhabited a fantasy world called McDonaldland , in which he had adventures with his friends Mayor McCheese , the Hamburglar , Grimace , Birdie the Early Bird and The Fry Kids . By 2003 , McDonaldland had been dropped from McDonald 's advertising - since then , Ronald is instead shown interacting with normal children in their everyday lives . Many people work full-time making appearances in the Ronald McDonald costume , visiting children in hospitals and attending regular events . At its height there may have been as many as 300 full-time clowns at McDonald 's . There are also Ronald McDonald Houses , where parents can stay overnight when visiting sick children in nearby chronic care facilities ." }, { "url": "/wiki/McDonald's_Corporation", "summary": "McDonald 's Corporation is an American fast food company , founded in 1940 as a restaurant operated by Richard and Maurice McDonald , in San Bernardino , California , United States . They rechristened their business as a hamburger stand , and later turned the company into a franchise , with the Golden Arches logo being introduced in 1953 at a location in Phoenix , Arizona . In 1955 , Ray Kroc , a businessman , joined the company as a franchise agent and proceeded to purchase the chain from the McDonald brothers . McDonald 's had its original headquarters in Oak Brook , Illinois , but moved its global headquarters to Chicago in early 2018 . McDonald 's is the world 's largest restaurant chain by revenue , serving over 69 million customers daily in over 100 countries across 37,855 outlets as of 2018 . Although McDonald 's is best known for its hamburgers , cheeseburgers and french fries , they also feature chicken products , breakfast items , soft drinks , milkshakes , wraps , and desserts . In response to changing consumer tastes and a negative backlash because of the unhealthiness of their food , the company has added to its menu salads , fish , smoothies , and fruit . The McDonald 's Corporation revenues come from the rent , royalties , and fees paid by the franchisees , as well as sales in company-operated restaurants . According to two reports published in 2018 , McDonald 's is the world 's second-largest private employer with 1.7 million employees ( behind Walmart with 2.3 million employees ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/M*A*S*H_(TV_series)", "summary": "M*A*S*H ( an acronym for Mobile Army Surgical Hospital ) is an American war comedy-drama television series that aired on CBS from 1972 to 1983 . It was developed by Larry Gelbart as the first spin-off series adapted from the 1970 feature film M*A*S*H , which , in turn , was based on Richard Hooker 's 1968 novel MASH : A Novel About Three Army Doctors . The series , which was produced with 20th Century Fox Television for CBS , follows a team of doctors and support staff stationed at the 4077th Mobile Army Surgical Hospital in Uijeongbu , South Korea , during the Korean War ( 1950-53 ) . The show 's title sequence features an instrumental-only version of Suicide Is Painless , the original film 's theme song . The show was created after an attempt to film the original book 's sequel , M*A*S*H Goes to Maine , failed . The television series is the best-known of the M*A*S*H works , and one of the highest-rated shows in U.S. television history ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Newhart", "summary": "Newhart is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from October 25 , 1982 to May 21 , 1990 with a total of 184 half-hour episodes spanning over eight seasons . The series stars Bob Newhart and Mary Frann as an author and his wife who own and operate an inn in a small , rural Vermont town that is home to many eccentric characters . TV Guide , TV Land , and A & E named the Newhart series finale as one of the most memorable in television history . Newhart was recorded on videotape for Season 1 , with the remaining seasons shot on film . The theme music for Newhart was composed by Henry Mancini ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ironside_(TV_series)", "summary": "Ironside is an American television crime drama that aired on NBC over 8 seasons from 1967 to 1975 . The show starred Raymond Burr as Robert T. Ironside , a consultant for the San Francisco police ( usually addressed by the title Chief Ironside ) , who was paralyzed from the waist down after being shot while on vacation . The character debuted on March 28 , 1967 , in a TV movie titled Ironside . When the series was broadcast in the United Kingdom , from late 1967 onwards , it was broadcast under the title A Man Called Ironside . The show earned Burr six Emmy and two Golden Globe nominations . Ironside was a production of Burr 's Harbour Productions Unlimited in association with Universal Television ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Adam-12", "summary": "Adam-12 is a television police procedural drama that follows Los Angeles Police Department ( LAPD ) officers Pete Malloy and Jim Reed as they ride the streets of Los Angeles in their patrol unit , 1-Adam-12 . The series was created by Robert A. Cinader and Jack Webb , the latter of whom also created Dragnet . It starred Martin Milner and Kent McCord and purported to realistically capture a typical day in the life of police officers . The show ran from September 21 , 1968 , through May 20 , 1975 , and helped to introduce police procedures and jargon to the general public in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Burl Ives", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Burl_Ives", "summary": "Burl Icle Ivanhoe Ives ( June 14 , 1909 - April 14 , 1995 ) was an American singer and actor of stage , screen , radio and television . Ives began as an itinerant singer and banjoist , and launched his own radio show , The Wayfaring Stranger , which popularized traditional folk songs . In 1942 , he appeared in Irving Berlin 's This Is the Army , and then became a major star of CBS radio . In the 1960s , he successfully crossed over into country music , recording hits such as A Little Bitty Tear and Funny Way of Laughin ' . A popular film actor through the late 1940s and '50s , Ives 's best-known film roles included parts in So Dear to My Heart ( 1949 ) and Cat on a Hot Tin Roof ( 1958 ) , as well as Rufus Hannassey in The Big Country ( 1958 ) , for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . Ives is often remembered for his voice-over work as Sam the Snowman , narrator of the classic 1964 Christmas television special Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer , which continues to air annually around Christmas ." } ] }, { "value": "Epsilon Delta ( Eastern Illinois ) , 1931", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eastern_Illinois_University", "summary": "Eastern Illinois University is a public university in Charleston , Illinois . Established in 1895 as the Eastern Illinois State Normal School , a teacher 's college offering a two-year degree , Eastern Illinois University gradually expanded into a comprehensive university with a broad curriculum , including bachelor 's and master 's degrees in education , business , arts , sciences , and humanities ." } ] }, { "value": "Actor and folksinger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Don Knotts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Knotts", "summary": "Jesse Donald Knotts ( July 21 , 1924 - February 24 , 2006 ) was an American actor and comedian , best known for his role as Deputy Sheriff Barney Fife on The Andy Griffith Show , a 1960s sitcom for which he earned five Emmy Awards , and for his role as Ralph Furley on the highly rated sitcom Three 's Company from 1979 to 1984 . He also starred in multiple comedic films , including playing Luther Heggs in The Ghost and Mr. Chicken ( 1966 ) and Henry Limpet in The Incredible Mr. Limpet ( 1964 ) . In 1979 TV Guide ranked him # 27 on its 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time list ." } ] }, { "value": "Delta ( West Virginia ) 1946", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Virginia_University", "summary": "West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships ." } ] }, { "value": "Television and movie comedian ; Five-time Emmy Award winner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Emmy_Award", "summary": "An Emmy Award , or simply Emmy , is an American award that recognizes excellence in the television industry . It is presented at numerous annual events held throughout the calendar year , each honoring one of the various sectors of the television industry . The two ceremonies that receive the most media coverage are the Primetime Emmy Awards and the Daytime Emmy Awards , which recognize outstanding work in American primetime and daytime entertainment programming , respectively . Other notable Emmy events include those honoring national sports programming , national news and documentary shows , and technological and engineering achievements in television , including the Primetime Engineering Emmy Awards . Regional Emmy Awards are also presented throughout the country at various times through the year , recognizing excellence in local and statewide television . In addition , the International Emmy Awards honor excellence in TV programming produced and initially aired outside the United States . The Emmy is named after immy , an informal term for the image orthicon tube that was common in early television cameras . The statuette depicts a winged woman holding an atom . The Emmy is considered one of the four major American entertainment awards , the others being the Grammy ( for music ) , the Oscar ( for film ) , and the Tony ( for theater ) . Three related , but separate , organizations present the Emmy Award : the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , the National Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( NATAS ) , and the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences ( IATAS ) . The ATAS first awarded the Emmy in 1949 to honor shows produced in the Los Angeles area before it became a national event in the 1950s to honor programs aired nationwide . Over the next two decades , the ATAS , the NATAS , and the IATAS expanded the award to honor other areas of the TV industry , with each organization responsible for administering a particular set of Emmy competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "James L. Loper", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Loper", "summary": "James Leaders Loper ( September 4 , 1931 - July 8 , 2013 ) was an American television executive who co-founded KCET in 1964 and served as Executive Director of the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences from 1983 to 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chi Triton ( Arizona State ) , 1953", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_State_University", "summary": "Arizona State University ( commonly referred to as ASU or Arizona State ) is a public metropolitan research university on five campuses across the Phoenix metropolitan area , and four regional learning centers throughout Arizona . ASU is one of the largest public universities by enrollment in the U.S. As of fall 2019 , the university had nearly 90,000 students attending classes across its metro campuses , more than 38,000 students attending online , including 83,000-plus undergraduates and more nearly 20,000 postgraduates . The university is organized into 17 colleges , featuring more than 170 cross-discipline centers and institutes . ASU offers 350 degree options for undergraduates students , as well as more than 400 graduate degree and certificate programs . ASU has nearly 600 ASU scholar-athletes across 26 varsity-level sports . The Arizona State Sun Devils compete in the Pac-12 Conference and have won 59 Pac-10/Pac-12 championships dating back to 1979 , and have captured 24 NCAA championships dating to its first ( baseball ) title in 1965 . In addition to its athletic program , the university is home to over 1,100 registered student organizations . ASU 's charter , approved by the board of regents in 2014 , is based on the New American University model created by ASU President Michael M. Crow upon his appointment as the institution 's 16th president in 2002 . It defines ASU as a comprehensive public research university , measured not by whom it excludes , but rather by whom it includes and how they succeed ; advancing research and discovery of public value ; and assuming fundamental responsibility for the economic , social , cultural and overall health of the communities it serves . Since 2005 , ASU has been ranked among the top research universities in the U.S. , public and private , based on research output , innovation , development , research expenditures , number of awarded patents and awarded research grant proposals . The 2019 university ratings by U.S. News & World Report rank ASU No . 1 among the Most Innovative Schools in America for the fourth year in a row ." } ] }, { "value": "Executive Director , Academy of Television Arts and Sciences", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Academy_of_Television_Arts_and_Sciences", "summary": "The Academy of Television Arts & Sciences ( ATAS ) , also colloquially known as the Television Academy , is a professional honorary organization dedicated to the advancement of the television industry in the United States . Founded in 1946 , the organization presents the Primetime Emmy Awards , an annual ceremony honoring achievement in U.S. primetime television ." } ] }, { "value": "Cheech Marin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cheech_Marin", "summary": "Richard Anthony Cheech Marín ( born July 13 , 1946 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , writer and activist , who gained recognition as part of the comedy act Cheech & Chong during the 1970s and early 1980s with Tommy Chong and as Don Johnson 's partner , Insp . Joe Dominguez , on Nash Bridges . He has also voiced characters in several Disney films , including Oliver & Company , The Lion King , the Cars series , Coco and Beverly Hills Chihuahua . Marín 's trademark is his characters ' strong Chicano accents , although Marin himself is not fluent in Spanish [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Xi Pentaton ( Cal State Northridge ) , 1968", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/California_State_University,_Northridge", "summary": "California State University , Northridge ( CSUN /ˈsiːsʌn/ or Cal State Northridge ) is a public university in the Northridge neighborhood of Los Angeles , California . With a total enrollment of 38,391 students ( as of Fall 2019 ) , it has the largest undergraduate population as well as the second largest total student body of the 23-campus California State University system , making it one of the largest comprehensive universities in the United States in terms of enrollment size . The size of CSUN also has a major impact on the California economy , with an estimated $ 1.9 billion in economic output generated by CSUN on a yearly basis . As of Fall 2019 , the university had 2,139 faculty , of which 805 ( or about 40% ) were tenured or on the tenure track . California State University , Northridge was founded first as the Valley satellite campus of California State University , Los Angeles . It then became an independent college in 1958 as San Fernando Valley State College , with major campus master planning and construction . The university adopted its current name of California State University , Northridge in 1972 . The 1994 Northridge earthquake caused $ 400 million in damage to the campus , the heaviest damage ever sustained by an American college campus . The university offers 134 different bachelor 's degrees and master 's degree programs in 70 different fields , as well as four doctoral degrees ( two Doctor of Education degrees , a Doctor of Audiology , and a Doctor of Physical Therapy ) and 24 teaching credentials . It is classified among Master 's Colleges & Universities : Larger Programs . CSUN is considered to be one of the most diverse universities in the nation and currently has over 350,000 alumni . Additionally , CSUN has been consistently recognized as having one of the best film schools as well as music schools in the U.S. and in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Comedian and Actor", "urls": [] }, { "value": "James Pier Mason", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Pier_Mason", "summary": "James Pier Mason ( February 3 , 1889 - November 7 , 1959 ) was an American actor . He appeared in 173 films between 1914 and 1952 , often as a villain or henchman in Westerns , and was sometimes credited as James Mason or Jim Mason . A memorable performance was in 1920 's The Penalty as the drug-addicted criminal who shoots Lon Chaney 's character Blizzard in the final moments of the film ." } ] }, { "value": "Gamma Deuteron ( Iowa State ) , 1911", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iowa_State_University", "summary": "Iowa State University of Science and Technology ( Iowa State ) is a public land-grant and space-grant research university in Ames , Iowa . It is the largest university in the state of Iowa and the third largest university in the Big 12 athletic conference . Iowa State is classified among R1 : Doctoral Universities - Very high research activity . It is also a member of the Association of American Universities ( AAU ) . Founded in 1858 and coeducational from its start , Iowa State became the nation 's first designated land-grant institution when the Iowa Legislature accepted the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Act on September 11 , 1862 , making Iowa the first state in the nation to do so . Iowa State 's academic offerings are administered today through eight colleges , including the graduate college , that offer over 100 bachelor 's degree programs , 112 master 's degree programs , and 83 at the Ph.D. level , plus a professional degree program in Veterinary Medicine . Iowa State University 's athletic teams , the Cyclones , compete in Division I of the NCAA and are a founding member of the Big 12 . The Cyclones field 16 varsity teams and have won numerous NCAA national championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Screen actor , veteran of more than 200 films between 1914 and 1952 . He was born in France , resided in Iowa and Minnesota , and for most of his life , in California", "urls": [] }, { "value": "T. J. Miller", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/T._J._Miller", "summary": "Todd Joseph Miller ( born June 4 , 1981 ) is an American actor , stand-up comedian , social critic , producer and writer . In 2008 , he made his acting debut in Cloverfield , and from 2010 to 2014 , he voiced Tuffnut Thorston in the first two How to Train Your Dragon films . From 2014 to 2017 , he starred as Erlich Bachman in the HBO sitcom Silicon Valley and also played Marvel Comics character Weasel in 2016 's Deadpool and its 2018 sequel , Deadpool 2 . Miller also has had roles in films such as Yogi Bear , She 's Out of My League , Transformers : Age of Extinction , Big Hero 6 , Office Christmas Party , The Emoji Movie and Ready Player One ." } ] }, { "value": "Lambda ( George Washington ) , 2003", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Washington_University", "summary": "George Washington University ( GW or GWU ) is a private research university in Washington , D.C . It was chartered in 1821 by an act of the United States Congress . The university is organized into 14 colleges and schools , including the Columbian College of Arts and Sciences , the Elliott School of International Affairs , the GW School of Business , the School of Media and Public Affairs , the Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration , the GW Law School and the Corcoran School of the Arts and Design . George Washington 's main Foggy Bottom Campus is located in the heart of Washington , D.C. , with the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank located on campus and the White House and the U.S. Department of State within blocks of campus . GWU hosts numerous research centers and institutes , including the National Security Archive and the Institute for International Economic Policy . GWU has two satellite campuses : the Mount Vernon Campus , located in D.C. 's Foxhall neighborhood and the Virginia Science and Technology Campus . It is the largest institution of higher education in the District of Columbia . George Washington , the first President of the United States , advocated the establishment of a national university in the U.S. capital in his first State of the Union address in 1790 and continued to promote this idea throughout his career and until his death . In his will , Washington left shares in the Potomac Company to endow the university . However , due to the company 's financial difficulties , funds were raised independently . On February 9 , 1821 , the university was founded by an Act of Congress , making it one of only five universities in the United States with a Congressional charter . George Washington offers degree programs in seventy-one disciplines , enrolling an average of 11,000 undergraduate and 15,500 post-graduate students from more than 130 countries ." } ] }, { "value": "Actor and comedian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Martin Milner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Martin_Milner", "summary": "Martin Sam Milner ( December 28 , 1931 - September 6 , 2015 ) was an American film , stage , radio , and television actor . Milner is known for his performances on two television series : Route 66 , which aired on CBS from 1960 to 1964 , and Adam-12 , which aired on NBC from 1968 to 1975 ." } ] }, { "value": "Omega Deuteron ( USC ) , 1953", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Southern_California", "summary": "The University of Southern California ( USC , [ a ] SC , or Southern Cal ) is a private research university in Los Angeles , California . Founded in 1880 , it is the oldest private research university in California . For the 2018-19 academic year , there were 20,000 students enrolled in four-year undergraduate programs . USC also has 27,500 graduate and professional students in a number of different programs , including business , law , engineering , social work , occupational therapy , pharmacy , and medicine . It is the largest private employer in the city of Los Angeles and generates $ 8 billion in economic impact on Los Angeles and California . USC was one of the earliest nodes on ARPANET and is the birthplace of the Domain Name System . Other technologies invented at USC include DNA computing , dynamic programming , image compression , VoIP , and antivirus software . USC 's alumni include a total of 11 Rhodes Scholars and 12 Marshall Scholars . As of October 2018 , nine Nobel laureates , six MacArthur Fellows , and one Turing Award winner have been affiliated with the university . As of May 2018 , USC has conferred degrees upon 29 alumni who became billionaires . USC has graduated more alumni who have gone on to win an Academy Award than any other institution in the world by a significant margin . USC alumni have also played crucial roles in 21 of the top 25 highest-grossing films of all time , as of 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Television actor , Route 66 , Adam 12 , etc", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Bennett Perry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Bennett_Perry", "summary": "John Bennett Perry ( born January 4 , 1941 ) is an American actor , singer , and former model . He is the father of actor Matthew Perry ." } ] }, { "value": "Xi ( St. Lawrence ) , 1963", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Lawrence_University", "summary": "St. Lawrence University is a private liberal arts college in the village of Canton in St. Lawrence County , New York . It has roughly 2400 undergraduate and 100 graduate students , about equally split between male and female . Though St. Lawrence today is non-denominational , it was founded in 1856 by leaders of the Universalist Church , who were seeking to establish a seminary west of New England and were enthusiastically courted by the citizens of Canton . The church almost did not place the school in Canton , however , as they felt students might be exposed to too much excitement within the village limits in 1856 . The denomination , which has since merged with the Unitarian faith , was part of the liberal wing of Protestantism , championing such ideas as critical thinking and gender equality - attributes that surfaced in the new Theological School of St. Lawrence University , which was progressive in its teaching philosophy and coeducational from the beginning ." } ] }, { "value": "Stage , film and television actor , and musician . Also father to actor Matthew Perry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matthew_Perry", "summary": "Matthew Langford Perry ( born August 19 , 1969 ) is a Canadian-American actor , comedian and playwright who gained worldwide recognition for his role as Chandler Bing on the NBC television sitcom Friends , which ran from 1994 to 2004 . Due to the vast popularity of the sitcom , Perry and the rest of the six-member main cast ensemble were each making $ 1 million per episode by 2002 . Along with starring in the short-lived television series Studio 60 on the Sunset Strip , Perry has appeared in a number of films , including Fools Rush In ( 1997 ) , The Whole Nine Yards ( 2000 ) , and 17 Again ( 2009 ) . In 2010 , he expanded his resume to include both video games and voice-over work when he voiced Benny in the video game Fallout : New Vegas . Perry was the co-creator , co-writer , executive producer , and star of the ABC sitcom Mr. Sunshine , which ran from February to April 2011 . In August 2012 , Perry began starring as Ryan King , a sportscaster , on the NBC sitcom Go On . The series was canceled on May 10 , 2013 . Perry co-developed and starred in the 2015 CBS sitcom The Odd Couple portraying Oscar Madison . The series was renewed for a second season on May 11 , 2015 and for a third season on May 16 , 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chris Sarandon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Sarandon", "summary": "Christopher Sarandon Jr. ( /səˈrændən/ ; born July 24 , 1942 ) is a Greek-American actor . He is known best for playing Prince Humperdinck in the movie The Princess Bride , the vampire Jerry Dandrige in Fright Night , Detective Mike Norris in Child 's Play ( 1988 ) , and for providing the speaking voice of Jack Skellington in The Nightmare Before Christmas . He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as Leon Shermer in Dog Day Afternoon ." } ] }, { "value": "Delta ( West Virginia ) , 1964", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_West_Virginia", "summary": "West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships ." } ] }, { "value": "Film actor", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Selby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Selby", "summary": "David Lynn Selby ( born February 5 , 1941 ) is an American film , television and stage actor . He is best known for playing Quentin Collins in the daytime soap opera Dark Shadows ( 1968-71 ) , and Richard Channing in the prime-time soap opera Falcon Crest ( 1982-90 ) . Selby also had prominent roles in the television series Flamingo Road ( 1981-82 ) , and the feature film Raise the Titanic ( 1980 ) . Also a published writer , Selby has written several books including novels , memoirs , and collections of poetry ." } ] }, { "value": "Delta ( West Virginia ) , 1963", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_West_Virginia", "summary": "West Virginia University ( WVU ) is a public , land-grant , research university with its main campus in Morgantown , West Virginia . Its other campuses are those of the West Virginia University Institute of Technology in Beckley , Potomac State College of West Virginia University in Keyser , and a second clinical campus for the university 's medical and dental schools at Charleston Area Medical Center in Charleston . WVU Extension Service provides outreach with offices in all of West Virginia 's 55 counties . Enrollment for the Fall 2018 semester was 26,864 for the main campus , while enrollment across all three non-clinical campuses was 29,959 . The Morgantown campus offers 350+ bachelor 's , master 's , doctoral , and professional degree programs throughout 14 colleges and schools . Twenty-five Rhodes Scholars are WVU alumni , including former WVU president David C. Hardesty , Jr . The university has also produced 45 Goldwater Scholars , 24 Truman Scholars , and five members ( & 11 academic team honorees ) of USA Today 's All - USA College Academic First Team . Additionally , WVU has had three George C. Marshall ( British ) Scholars , five Morris K. Udall Scholars , 26 Boren Scholars , 63 Gilman Scholars , 64 Fulbright Scholars , three Department of Homeland Security Scholars , 32 Critical Language Scholars , one Jack Kent Cooke Foundation Graduate Scholar , five National Institute of Standards and Technology Fellowships , and 25 National Science Foundation Graduate Research Graduate Fellowships ." } ] }, { "value": "Television and stage actor", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Red Skelton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Red_Skelton", "summary": "Richard Bernard Red Skelton ( July 18 , 1913 - September 17 , 1997 ) was an American comedy entertainer . He was best known for his national radio and television shows between 1937 and 1971 , especially as host of the television program The Red Skelton Show . He has stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for his work in radio and television , and also appeared in burlesque , vaudeville , films , nightclubs , and casinos , all while he pursued an entirely separate career as an artist . Skelton began developing his comedic and pantomime skills from the age of 10 , when he became part of a traveling medicine show . He then spent time on a showboat , worked the burlesque circuit , and then entered into vaudeville in 1934 . The Doughnut Dunkers pantomime sketch , which he wrote together with his wife , launched a career for him in vaudeville , radio , and films . His radio career began in 1937 with a guest appearance on The Fleischmann 's Yeast Hour , which led to his becoming the host of Avalon Time in 1938 . He became the host of The Raleigh Cigarette Program in 1941 , on which many of his comedy characters were created , and he had a regularly scheduled radio program until 1957 . Skelton made his film debut in 1938 alongside Ginger Rogers and Douglas Fairbanks Jr. in Alfred Santell 's Having Wonderful Time , and would appear in numerous musical and comedy films throughout the 1940s and 1950s , with starring roles in 19 films , including Ship Ahoy ( 1941 ) , I Dood It ( 1943 ) , Ziegfeld Follies ( 1946 ) , and The Clown ( 1953 ) . Skelton was eager to work in television , even when the medium was in its infancy . The Red Skelton Show made its television premiere on September 30 , 1951 , on NBC . By 1954 , Skelton 's program moved to CBS , where it was expanded to one hour and renamed The Red Skelton Hour in 1962 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gamma Epsilon ( NE Missouri State ) , Honorary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Truman_State_University", "summary": "Truman State University ( TSU or Truman ) is a public university in Kirksville , Missouri . It had 6,379 enrolled students in the fall of 2015 , with 6,039 undergraduate and 340 postgraduate students , pursuing degrees in 50 undergraduate , and eight graduate programs . The university is named for U.S. President Harry Truman , who was born in Missouri . From 1972 until 1996 , the school was known as Northeast Missouri State University ." } ] }, { "value": "Emmy Award-winning television comedian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tom Smothers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_Smothers", "summary": "Thomas Bolyn Smothers III ( born February 2 , 1937 ) is an American comedian , composer and musician , best known as half of the musical comedy duo the Smothers Brothers , alongside his younger brother Dick ." } ] }, { "value": "Xi Triton ( San Jose State ) , 1961", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_State_University", "summary": "San José State University ( San Jose State or SJSU ) is a public university in San Jose , California . SJSU is the oldest public university on the West Coast and the founding campus of the California State University ( CSU ) system . Located in downtown San Jose , the SJSU main campus is situated on 154 acres ( 62 ha ) , or roughly 19 square blocks . SJSU offers 145 bachelor 's and master 's degrees with 108 concentrations and five credential programs with 19 concentrations . The university also offers four doctoral degrees as of fall 2019 . SJSU is accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges ( WASC ) . SJSU 's total enrollment was 33,282 in fall 2019 , including over 5,400 graduate and credential students . SJSU 's student population is one of the most ethnically diverse in the nation . As of fall 2019 , graduate student enrollment , Asian and international student enrollments at SJSU were the highest of any campus in the CSU system . SJSU is consistently listed as one of the leading suppliers of undergraduate and graduate alumni to Silicon Valley technology firms , and philanthropic support of SJSU is among the highest in the CSU system . SJSU sports teams are known as the Spartans , and compete in the NCAA Division I FBS Mountain West Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "One of the Smothers Brothers , popular folk-singing and comedy team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Smothers_Brothers", "summary": "The Smothers Brothers are Thomas ( Tom - born February 2 , 1937 ) and Richard ( Dick - born November 20 , 1939 ) , American folk singers , musicians , and comedians . The brothers ' trademark double act was performing folk songs ( Tommy on acoustic guitar , Dick on string bass ) , which usually led to arguments between the siblings . Tommy 's signature line was , Mom always liked you best ! Tommy ( the elder of the two ) acted slow , and Dick , the straight man , acted superior . In the late 1950s and early 1960s , the brothers frequently appeared on television variety shows and issued several popular record albums of their stage performances . Their own television variety show , The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour , became one of the most controversial American TV programs of the Vietnam War era . Despite popular success , the brothers ' penchant for material that was critical of the political mainstream and sympathetic to the emerging counterculture led to their firing by the CBS network in 1969 . One show was left unaired . The brothers continued to work , both independently and as a team , on stage and television , and in films during subsequent decades ." } ] }, { "value": "Pieter Sweval", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nu Tetarton ( Rutgers ) , 1970", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rutgers,_The_State_University_of_New_Jersey", "summary": "Rutgers , The State University of New Jersey ( /ˈrʌtɡərz/ ) , commonly referred to as Rutgers University , or RU , is an American public research university in New Jersey . It is the largest institution of higher education in New Jersey . Rutgers was originally chartered as Queen 's College on November 10 , 1766 . It is the eighth-oldest college in the United States and one of the nine colonial colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The college was renamed Rutgers College in 1825 in honor of Colonel Henry Rutgers . For most of its existence , Rutgers was a private liberal arts college but it evolved into a coeducational public research university after being designated The State University of New Jersey by the New Jersey Legislature in laws enacted in 1945 and 1956 . Rutgers has three campuses located throughout New Jersey : New Brunswick campus in New Brunswick and adjacent Piscataway , the Newark campus , and the Camden campus . The university has additional facilities elsewhere in the state . Instruction is offered by 9,000 faculty members in 175 academic departments to over 45,000 undergraduate students and more than 20,000 graduate and professional students . The university is accredited by the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools and is a member of the Big Ten Academic Alliance , the Association of American Universities and the Universities Research Association . The New Brunswick campus was categorized by Howard and Matthew Green in their book titled The Public Ivies : America 's Flagship Public Universities ( 2001 ) as a Public Ivy ." } ] }, { "value": "Musician , member of Looking Glass musical group , recorded Brandy ( You 're a Fine Girl ) , which was a # 1 hit in the U.S. in 1972", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Looking_Glass_(band)", "summary": "Looking Glass was an American pop rock group of the early 1970s that was part of the Jersey Shore sound . Their 1972 song Brandy ( You 're a Fine Girl ) was a # 1 hit on both the Billboard Hot 100 and Cash Box Top 100 charts , remaining in the top position for one week ." } ] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Phi_Sigma_Kappa_brothers_4", "intro": "This is a list of notable brothers of Phi Sigma Kappa men's collegiate fraternity, including those who were members of Phi Sigma Epsilon prior to the 1985 merger. See Talk page to review guidelines for inclusion." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metrorail_(Miami-Dade_County)", "title": "Metrorail (Miami-Dade County)", "header": [ "Station", "Time to Downtown", "Connections", "Opened", "Average weekday passengers ( 03/2018 )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Palmetto", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Palmetto_station", "summary": "Palmetto station is a Metrorail rapid transit station in unincorporated Miami-Dade County , Florida ( with a Miami address ) , United States , just near the town of Medley . It is the current northern terminus of the Metrorail system . This station is located near the intersection of Northwest 77th Street and 79 Avenue , opening to service May 30 , 2003 . It is adjacent to the Palmetto Expressway ( SR 826 ) ( its namesake ) , providing convenience to west Miami-Dade and Broward commuters traveling into Downtown Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "31 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 87", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 30 , 2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Okeechobee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Okeechobee_station_(Metrorail)", "summary": "Okeechobee station is a Metrorail station in Hialeah , Florida . The station is located at the intersection of West 20th Street and Okeechobee Road ( US 27 ) , one block south of the Hialeah Expressway ( SR 934 ) . It opened to passenger service on May 19 , 1985 , and was previously the northwestern terminus of the Metrorail system until Palmetto station opened in 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "26 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 73 , 267", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19 , 1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,156", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hialeah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hialeah_station_(Metrorail)", "summary": "Hialeah station is a Metrorail rapid transit station in Hialeah , Florida . The station is located at the intersection of East First Avenue and 21st Street ( SR 934 ) , just south of Hialeah Park Race Track . It was opened to service May 19 , 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "23 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 29 , 37 , 54 , 112 , 135", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19 , 1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,408", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tri-Rail", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tri-Rail_and_Metrorail_Transfer_station", "summary": "Tri-Rail and Metrorail Transfer station is a Metrorail and Tri-Rail interchange station in Hialeah , Florida , northwest of the city of Miami proper . This station is located near the intersection of East 25th Street and 11th Avenue , officially opening to service March 6 , 1989 . The station was built as a connection for the Tri-Rail and Metrorail rail systems . Though the Amtrak station , which is served by the Silver Meteor and Silver Star , is located only a few blocks away , it is not officially connected to this station . It is scheduled to be moved to the new Miami Airport station by late 2018 , delayed several years due to a platform length issue , where it will connect with Tri-Rail and Metrorail closer to downtown . While the airport station creates a slightly better Tri-Rail/Metrorail transfer , both will be usurped by the opening of Virgin MiamiCentral with Virgin Trains USA and Tri-Rail service in Government Center , directly in Downtown Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "21 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tri-Rail Metrobus : 42 , 112", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tri-Rail", "summary": "Tri-Rail ( reporting mark TRCX ) is a commuter rail line linking Miami , Fort Lauderdale , and West Palm Beach , Florida , United States . The Tri prefix in the name refers to the three counties served by the railroad : Palm Beach , Broward , and Miami-Dade . Tri-Rail is managed by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority ( SFRTA ) along CSX Transportation 's former Miami Subdivision , the line now wholly owned by the Florida DOT . The 70.9-mile-long ( 114.1 km ) system has 18 stations along the Southeast Florida coast , and connects directly to Amtrak at numerous stations , and to Metrorail at the Tri-Rail and Metrorail Transfer station and at Miami Airport station . A second Tri-Rail line on the Florida East Coast Railway corridor , dubbed the Coastal Link , has been proposed . The line would operate between Toney Penna station in Jupiter and Virgin MiamiCentral in Downtown Miami , and add commuter rail service between the downtown areas of cities between West Palm Beach and Miami . Combined with the existing Tri-Rail line , the Tri-Rail system would have a daily passenger ridership of almost 30,000 ; or approximately 9 million passengers per annum , doubling Tri-Rail 's current ridership ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "June 5 , 1989", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,284", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northside", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northside_station", "summary": "Northside station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit service in unincorporated Miami-Dade County , Florida ( with a Miami address ) , situated between the communities of Gladeview and West Little River . This station is located near the intersection of 79th Street ( SR 934 ) and Northwest 31st Avenue , opening to service May 19 , 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "19 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 12 , 21 , 32 , 79 , 112", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 18 , 1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,496", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Plaza_station_(Metrorail)", "summary": "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza station is a station of the Metrorail rapid transit system in the unincorporated community of Gladeview in Miami-Dade County , Florida ( with a Miami address ) . The station is located at the intersection of West 27th Avenue ( SR 9 ) and North 62nd Street/Dr . Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard , opening to service May 19 , 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "16 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 27 , 62 , 297", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19 , 1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,216", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brownsville", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brownsville_station", "summary": "Brownsville station is a Metrorail station in the unincorporated community of Brownsville in Miami-Dade County , Florida . It is located at the intersection of Northwest 27th Avenue ( SR 9 ) and 52nd Street , opening to service May 19 , 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "14 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 27 , 46 , 54 , 254", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19 , 1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miami International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Intermodal_Center", "summary": "Miami Intermodal Center ( MIC ) is an intermodal rapid transit , commuter rail , intercity rail , local bus , and intercity bus transportation hub in unincorporated Miami-Dade County , Florida , United States , just outside the City of Miami limits near the Grapeland Heights neighborhood . The facility was constructed by the Florida Department of Transportation and is owned by the Miami-Dade Expressway Authority . The MIC is located on Northwest 21st Street near North Douglas Road ( West 37th Avenue ) , east of Le Jeune Road ( West 42nd Avenue ) and Miami International Airport ( MIA ) , and south of the Miami River and the Airport Expressway ( SR 112 ) . It is currently served by Tri-Rail , Metrorail , the MIA Mover , Metrobus , Greyhound Lines , and may possibly be served by Amtrak in the future . The station portion of the MIC is signed as Miami International Airport on Metrorail and Miami Airport Station on Tri-Rail . It would have appeared as Miami on Amtrak timetables . The MIC 's rental car center ( RCC ) opened on July 13 , 2010 . The MIA Mover began to operate at the MIC on September 9 , 2011 , followed by Metrorail on July 28 , 2012 . Tri-Rail and Greyhound began using it on April 5 , 2015 . Amtrak service has been delayed because the platforms were constructed to insufficient length . Service was expected to begin in Fall 2016 , but has been postponed indefinitely ." } ] }, { "value": "16 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tri-Rail MIA Mover Metrobus : 7 , 37 , 42 , 57 , 110 , 150 , 238 , 297 , 338", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tri-Rail", "summary": "Tri-Rail ( reporting mark TRCX ) is a commuter rail line linking Miami , Fort Lauderdale , and West Palm Beach , Florida , United States . The Tri prefix in the name refers to the three counties served by the railroad : Palm Beach , Broward , and Miami-Dade . Tri-Rail is managed by the South Florida Regional Transportation Authority ( SFRTA ) along CSX Transportation 's former Miami Subdivision , the line now wholly owned by the Florida DOT . The 70.9-mile-long ( 114.1 km ) system has 18 stations along the Southeast Florida coast , and connects directly to Amtrak at numerous stations , and to Metrorail at the Tri-Rail and Metrorail Transfer station and at Miami Airport station . A second Tri-Rail line on the Florida East Coast Railway corridor , dubbed the Coastal Link , has been proposed . The line would operate between Toney Penna station in Jupiter and Virgin MiamiCentral in Downtown Miami , and add commuter rail service between the downtown areas of cities between West Palm Beach and Miami . Combined with the existing Tri-Rail line , the Tri-Rail system would have a daily passenger ridership of almost 30,000 ; or approximately 9 million passengers per annum , doubling Tri-Rail 's current ridership ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MIA_Mover", "summary": "The MIA Mover is an automated people mover ( APM ) system which opened at the Miami International Airport ( MIA ) in metropolitan Miami , Florida , United States on September 9 , 2011 . The MIA Mover is designed to quickly transport landside passengers between Miami International Airport 's Main Terminal and the Miami Intermodal Center ( MIC ) . The MIA Mover is one of three separate automated people movers operating at the airport . The others are the Skytrain , which operates within Concourse D , and the MIA e Train people mover connecting Concourse E 's satellite building ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "July 28 , 2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,776", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Earlington Heights", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Earlington_Heights_station", "summary": "Earlington Heights station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system in the unincorporated community of Brownsville in Miami-Dade County , Florida . This station is located at the intersection of Northwest 21st Avenue and the Airport Expressway ( SR 112 ) . The Metrorail Orange Line creation and extension of the metro to Miami International Airport ( MIA ) began construction from this rail station in May 2009 , completed in July 2012 . Passenger service between MIA , through Downtown Miami , and to the southern Miami suburb of Kendall opened in Summer 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "11 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 17 , 22 , 95", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,686", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Allapattah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allapattah_station", "summary": "Allapattah station is a Metrorail station in the Allapattah neighborhood of Miami , Florida . This station is located near the intersection of Northwest 12th Avenue ( State Road 933 ) and 36 Street/US 27 ( SR 25 ) . It was opened to service December 17 , 1984 . This is the northernmost Metrorail station within the Miami city limits ." } ] }, { "value": "9 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 12 , 21 , 36 , 110 , 246", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,930", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santa Clara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Clara_station_(Metrorail)", "summary": "Santa Clara station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system in the industrial district of the Allapattah neighborhood in Miami , Florida . This station is located near the intersection of Northwest 12th Avenue ( State Road 933 ) and 20th Street . It opened to service December 17 , 1984 . Along with Brownsville station , Santa Clara is generally the lowest ridership station on the system ." } ] }, { "value": "7 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 12 , 21 , 32 , 113 , 246", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "908", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Civic Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Civic_Center_station_(Metrorail)", "summary": "Civic Center station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system in Miami , Florida 's Health District , which is also known as Civic Center . The station is located at the intersection of Northwest 12th Avenue ( State Road 933 ) and 15th Street , opening to service December 17 , 1984 . Civic Center provides a convenient connection for University of Miami medical students by connecting the hospital area to the main campus at University station ." } ] }, { "value": "6 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 12 , 21 , 32 , 95 , 113 , 246", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5,679", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Culmer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Culmer_station", "summary": "Culmer station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system just northeast of the Spring Garden neighborhood of Miami , Florida , near the Midtown Interchange . This station is located at the intersection of Northwest 11th Street and Seventh Avenue ( US 441 ) , opening to service December 17 , 1984 . The station is named after Father John Culmer , a local civil rights leader who labored tirelessly to improve the living conditions of black Miamians ." } ] }, { "value": "4 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 77 , 211 , 277", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,305", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Historic Overtown/Lyric Theatre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Historic_Overtown/Lyric_Theatre_station", "summary": "Historic Overtown / Lyric Theatre station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system in northwest Downtown , Miami , Florida . The station is located at the intersection of Northwest Sixth Street and First Avenue , just south of the neighborhood of Overtown and east of the historic Lyric Theatre . It opened on May 20 , 1984 . Originally called Overtown , the Arena was added to the name in 1988 when the Miami Arena opened . It took on its current name in 2007 , one year before the Miami Arena was demolished ." } ] }, { "value": "2 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 2 , 7 , 95 , 211 , 246", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Government Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Government_Center_station_(Miami)", "summary": "Government Center station is an intermodal transit hub in the Government Center district of Downtown Miami , Florida . It is operated by Miami-Dade Transit and serves as a transfer station for the Metrorail and Metromover rapid transit systems and as a bus station for Metrobus , Paratransit , and Broward County Transit buses . The station is located near the intersection of Northwest First Street and First Avenue , a part of the Stephen P. Clark Government Center Building . It opened to service May 20 , 1984 , next to the site of a former FEC railway station which is now Virgin MiamiCentral ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metromover : Downtown , Omni , Brickell , Loops Metrobus : 2 , 3 , 7 , 9 , 11 , 21 , 51 , 77 , 93 , 95 , 119 , 120 , 207 , 208 , 246 , 277 , 500 Broward County Transit : 95X Virgin Trains USA ( at Virgin MiamiCentral )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metromover", "summary": "Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami , Florida , United States . Metromover serves the Downtown Miami , Brickell , Park West and Arts & Entertainment District neighborhoods . Metromover connects directly with Metrorail at Government Center and Brickell stations . It also connects to Metrobus with dedicated bus loops at Government Center and Adrienne Arsht Center station . It originally began service to the Downtown/Inner Loop on April 17 , 1986 , and was later expanded with the Omni and Brickell Loop extensions on May 26 , 1994 . The Metromover serves primarily as an alternative way to travel within the greater Downtown Miami neighborhoods . The system is composed of three loops and 21 stations . The stations are located approximately two blocks away from each other , and connect near all major buildings and places in the Downtown area . Together with Metrorail , the system has seen steady ridership growth per annum , with an average combined ridership of 105,500 weekday passengers in 2013 . Out of only three downtown people movers in the United States , the other two being the Jacksonville Skyway and the Detroit People Mover , the Metromover is by far the most successful in terms of ridership , the only completed system of the three , and considered to be a catalyst for downtown development ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Broward_County_Transit", "summary": "Broward County Transit ( also known as BCT ) is the public transit authority in Broward County , Florida . It is the second-largest transit system in Florida after Miami-Dade Transit . It currently operates the only public bus system in Broward County . Besides serving Broward County , It also serves portions of Palm Beach County and Miami-Dade County , where it overlaps its service with Miami-Dade Transit and Palm Tran ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virgin_Trains_USA", "summary": "Virgin Trains USA , operating as Brightline until mid-2020 , is an express inter-city rail system in the United States . It is owned and operated by Fortress Investment Group , with Virgin Group providing branding rights and acting as a minority investor . Virgin Trains USA began operating in January 2018 . As of November 2019 [ update ] , it is the only privately owned and operated intercity passenger railroad in the United States . Virgin Trains USA operates passenger trains on the Florida East Coast Railway ( FEC ) between Miami and West Palm Beach , with an intermediate stop at Fort Lauderdale . Current Virgin Trains USA trains are powered by diesel-electric locomotives . Virgin Trains began construction of an extension from Cocoa to Orlando . When the Orlando extension is completed in 2022 , it will be one of the highest-speed rail services operating in the United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virgin_MiamiCentral", "summary": "Virgin MiamiCentral , formerly MiamiCentral , is a mixed-use railroad station development in the Government Center district of Downtown , Miami , Florida . Currently , the station serves an inter-city rail service named Virgin Trains USA ( formerly known as Brightline ) and connects to the adjacent Government Center station serving Metrorail , Metromover , and bus lines . In the next few years , the station will serve Tri-Rail commuter rail . The 9-acre ( 3.6 ha ) complex also includes 3 million square feet ( 280,000 m2 ) of residential , office , commercial , and retail development . The station was built by All Aboard Florida , a subsidiary of Florida East Coast Industries ( FECI ) overseeing Virgin Trains USA . Virgin MiamiCentral was designed by Skidmore , Owings & Merrill in association with Zyscovich Architects . Its name was changed from MiamiCentral to Virgin MiamiCentral on April 4 , 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10,818", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brickell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brickell_station", "summary": "Brickell station is a Metrorail rapid transit station in Miami , Florida , serving the system 's Green and Orange Lines . One of the core stations of Miami 's public transport network , it serves the financial district of Brickell . Combined , the Metrorail and Metromover station complex at Brickell sees roughly 8,430 boardings each weekday , making it the system 's second-busiest station ." } ] }, { "value": "2 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metromover : Brickell Loop Metrobus : 8 , 24 , 102 , 207 , 208 , 500 Broward County Transit : 595X", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metromover", "summary": "Metromover is a free mass transit automated people mover train system operated by Miami-Dade Transit in Miami , Florida , United States . Metromover serves the Downtown Miami , Brickell , Park West and Arts & Entertainment District neighborhoods . Metromover connects directly with Metrorail at Government Center and Brickell stations . It also connects to Metrobus with dedicated bus loops at Government Center and Adrienne Arsht Center station . It originally began service to the Downtown/Inner Loop on April 17 , 1986 , and was later expanded with the Omni and Brickell Loop extensions on May 26 , 1994 . The Metromover serves primarily as an alternative way to travel within the greater Downtown Miami neighborhoods . The system is composed of three loops and 21 stations . The stations are located approximately two blocks away from each other , and connect near all major buildings and places in the Downtown area . Together with Metrorail , the system has seen steady ridership growth per annum , with an average combined ridership of 105,500 weekday passengers in 2013 . Out of only three downtown people movers in the United States , the other two being the Jacksonville Skyway and the Detroit People Mover , the Metromover is by far the most successful in terms of ridership , the only completed system of the three , and considered to be a catalyst for downtown development ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Broward_County_Transit", "summary": "Broward County Transit ( also known as BCT ) is the public transit authority in Broward County , Florida . It is the second-largest transit system in Florida after Miami-Dade Transit . It currently operates the only public bus system in Broward County . Besides serving Broward County , It also serves portions of Palm Beach County and Miami-Dade County , where it overlaps its service with Miami-Dade Transit and Palm Tran ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6,319", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vizcaya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vizcaya_station", "summary": "Vizcaya station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit service station in The Roads neighborhood of Miami , Florida , United States . The station is located near the intersection of Southwest First Avenue and 32nd Road , at the southern terminus of I-95 at South Dixie Highway ( US 1 ) and two blocks southeast of Coral Way . The station opened to service May 20 , 1984 , featuring a pedestrian bridge over the US 1/I-95 junction for access to the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens and residences east of Dixie Highway ." } ] }, { "value": "5 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 12 , 17 , 24 , 500", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,265", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coconut Grove", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coconut_Grove_station", "summary": "Coconut Grove station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system on the western end of the Coconut Grove neighborhood of Miami , Florida . The station is located at the intersection of South Dixie Highway ( US 1 ) and West 27th Avenue/Grapeland Boulevard ( SR 9 ) , opening to service May 20 , 1984 . In 2018 , there were plans to make the station entirely solar-powered ." } ] }, { "value": "7 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 22 , 27 , 500", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1,748", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Douglas Road", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Douglas_Road_station", "summary": "Douglas Road station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system just southwest of Coconut Grove , in Miami , Florida . It is the southernmost Metrorail station in Miami city limits , although it has a Coral Gables address . The station is located at the intersection of Douglas Road ( West 37th Avenue ) and South Dixie Highway ( US 1 ) , three blocks south Bird Road ( SW 40th Street ) . It opened to service May 20 , 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "9 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 37 , 40 , 42 , 136 , 500 Miami Trolley : Coral Gables", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miami_Trolley", "summary": "The Greater Miami area , [ a ] composed of the three counties of Miami-Dade , Broward , and Palm Beach , also known collectively as South Florida , is home to a wide variety of public and private transportation systems . These include heavy rail mass transit ( Metrorail ) , commuter rail ( Tri-Rail ) , automated guideway transit ( Metromover ) , highways , two major airports ( Miami International Airport ( MIA ) and Fort Lauderdale - Hollywood International Airport ( FLL ) ) and seaports ( Port of Miami and Port Everglades ) , as well as three county-wide bus networks ( Miami-Dade Metrobus , Broward County Transit ( BCT ) , and Palm Tran ) , which cover the entire urbanized area of South Florida . Census and ridership data show that Miami has the highest public transportation usage of any city in Florida , as about 17% of Miamians use public transportation on a regular basis , compared to about 4% of commuters in the South Florida metropolitan area . The majority of public transportation in Miami is operated by Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) , which is currently the largest transit system in Florida and was the 14th largest transit system in the United States in 2011 . South Florida is one of the most densely populated urbanized areas in the United States overall , [ b ] being bound by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the South Florida Water Management District and the Everglades to the west , with a fairly strict Urban Development Boundary ( UDB ) . As of the 2010 US Census , South Florida is both the eighth most populous and eighth most densely populated metropolitan area in the United States . Now , with a population of over five and a half million people living in an urbanized area of only 1,116.1 sq mi ( 2,891 km2 ) , it has an average population density of over 5,000 residents per square mile . According to the population as of the 2010 US Census , the 35.68 sq mi ( 92 km2 ) Miami city proper has an average population density of about 12,139 residents per square mile , with Downtown area , particularly Brickell , being the fastest growing and most dense neighborhoods . A major problem for urban planning and effective public transit in Miami-Dade and South Florida is the fact that in terms of planning , it is one of the most sprawled out and automobile dependent metropolitan areas in the United States , [ b ] with a lot of lowly contrasted medium density development spread throughout the area . For example , a very low percentage of the area 's office space is located in the Central Business District ( CBD ) of Miami ( only 13% , the lowest in the nation , in 1999 ) . Additionally , there has been very little transit-oriented development ( TOD ) . Subsequently , transit access between people and jobs in the city and region remains limited ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3,623", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_station_(Miami-Dade_County)", "summary": "University station is a station on the Metrorail rapid transit system at the University of Miami in Coral Gables , Florida . This station , opened to service May 20 , 1984 , is located along Ponce de Leon Boulevard at the intersection of South Dixie Highway ( US 1 ) and Mariposa Court . The stop provides particular convenience to UM students , staff , and resident physicians traveling between the Coral Gables campus , the medical campus at the UM/Jackson Memorial Medical Center at Civic Center station in the Civic Center Health District , and direct access to Downtown Miami and Miami International Airport ." } ] }, { "value": "12 min", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metrobus : 56 , 500", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miami-Dade_Transit", "summary": "Miami-Dade Transit ( MDT ) is the primary public transit authority of Miami , Florida , United States and the greater Miami-Dade County area . It is the largest transit system in Florida and the 15th-largest transit system in the United States . Ridership dropped 27% from 2010 to 2018 . From 2014 to 2018 , each year there were less riders than the prior year . MDT operates the rapid transit Metrorail , the Downtown Metromover people mover , Metrobus , and paratransit STS systems . Metrorail is composed of two rail lines ( Green and Orange lines ) with 23 stations radiating from the city center towards outlying neighborhoods north and south of Downtown . Metromover operates throughout the Downtown and Brickell neighborhoods , and is composed of three rail loops and 22 stations . Metrobus operates over 93 routes , including the South Dade Transitway . MDT 's main transit stations are Government Center in Downtown , and the Miami Intermodal Center in Grapeland Heights , near Miami International Airport . As of 2011 , MDT has a daily passenger ridership of 336,067 , and accounts for over 15% of Miamians ' daily transportation . MDT has seen growing passenger ridership since 1998 , with ridership increasing 79% since then . The opening of the new Metrorail Orange Line in April 2012 is expected to significantly increase usage of the system ." } ] }, { "value": "May 20 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2,041", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Stations -- Current stations", "section_text": "Travel times provided are approximate for travel to and from Government Center in Downtown . [ 74 ] [ 75 ] A pilot express service was added in December 2015 for morning and afternoon trains to skip stops to and from downtown , respectively . [ 63 ] During rush hours , express trains run between Dadeland South and Government Center in the peak direction , making intermediate stops at Dadeland North and Brickell .", "uid": "AirportLink_(Miami)_0", "intro": "Metrorail, colloquially called the Metro, is the heavy rail rapid transit system of Miami and Miami-Dade County in the U.S. state of Florida. Metrorail is operated by Miami-Dade Transit (MDT), a departmental agency of Miami-Dade County. Opened in 1984, it is Florida's only rapid transit metro system, and is currently composed of two lines of 23 stations on 24.4 miles (39.3 km) of standard gauge track. Metrorail serves the urban core of Miami, connecting the urban centers of Miami International Airport, the Civic Center, Downtown Miami, and Brickell with the northern developed neighborhoods of Hialeah and Medley to the northwest, and to suburban The Roads, Coconut Grove, Coral Gables, and South Miami, ending at urban Dadeland in Kendall. Metrorail connects to the Metromover in Downtown, which provides metro service to the entirety of Downtown and Brickell. Additionally, it connects to South Florida's commuter rail system at Tri-Rail station, as well as Metrobus routes at all stations. Together with Metromover, the system saw steady ridership growth per annum, with an average of 105,500 daily passengers in 2013. In 2012, Metrorail opened its 23rd station, Miami International Airport station, at Miami International Airport (MIA), opening a newly created 16-station Orange Line between the MIA and Dadeland South stations. The new line is expected to increase ridership significantly, adding millions of riders per year, and allowing residents and visitors alike direct access from the MIA to Downtown Miami, and greater connectivity between various modes of transit throughout Miami-Dade County. Central station provides direct service to Amtrak inter-city rail services, Tri-Rail commuter rail, Greyhound Lines intercity bus, and the Rental Car Center. Miami Central Station is expected to attract 150,000 daily commuters and travelers." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Blades_(season_2)", "title": "Battle of the Blades (season 2)", "header": [ "NHL Player", "Team ( s ) Played", "Professional partner", "Charity playing for", "Status" ], "data": [ { "value": "Russ Courtnall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russ_Courtnall", "summary": "Russell William Courtnall ( born June 2 , 1965 ) is a Canadian former ice hockey player . He played for the Toronto Maple Leafs , Montreal Canadiens , Minnesota North Stars , Dallas Stars , Vancouver Canucks , New York Rangers and Los Angeles Kings . Courtnall was born in Duncan , British Columbia , but grew up in Oak Bay , British Columbia ." } ] }, { "value": "Toronto Maple Leafs Montreal Canadiens Minnesota North Stars Dallas Stars Vancouver Canucks New York Rangers Los Angeles Kings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs", "summary": "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Minnesota_North_Stars", "summary": "The Minnesota North Stars were a professional ice hockey team in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for 26 seasons , from 1967 to 1993 . The North Stars played their home games at the Met Center in Bloomington , and the team 's colors for most of its history were green , yellow , gold and white . The North Stars played 2,062 regular season games and made the NHL playoffs 17 times , including two Stanley Cup Finals appearances , but were ultimately unable to win the Stanley Cup . After the 1992-93 season , the franchise moved to Dallas , and is now known as the Dallas Stars ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dallas_Stars", "summary": "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks", "summary": "The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena , formerly known as General Motors Place , which has an official capacity of 18,910 . Travis Green is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager . The Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres . In its NHL history , the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times , losing to the New York Islanders in 1982 , the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons . They won three division titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993 , and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013 . The Canucks , along with fellow expansion team , the Buffalo Sabres , are the two oldest teams to have never won the Stanley Cup . The Canucks have retired six players ' jerseys in their history - Stan Smyl ( 12 ) , Trevor Linden ( 16 ) , Markus Naslund ( 19 ) , Daniel Sedin ( 22 ) , Henrik Sedin ( 33 ) , and Pavel Bure ( 10 ) ; all but Bure and Daniel Sedin have served as team captain . Smyl has the distinction of being the only Canuck to have his jersey number retired at their former arena , the Pacific Coliseum ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Rangers", "summary": "The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings", "summary": "The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded on June 5 , 1967 , after Jack Kent Cooke was awarded an NHL expansion franchise for Los Angeles on February 9 , 1966 , becoming one of the six teams that began play as part of the 1967 NHL expansion . The Kings played their home games at The Forum in Inglewood , California , a suburb of Los Angeles , for thirty-two years , until they moved to the Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles at the start of the 1999-2000 season . During the 1970s and early 1980s , the Kings had many years marked by impressive play in the regular season only to be washed out by early playoff exits . Their highlights in those years included the strong goaltending of Rogie Vachon , and the Triple Crown Line of Charlie Simmer , Dave Taylor and Hall of Fame player Marcel Dionne , who had a famous upset of the uprising Edmonton Oilers in a 1982 playoff game known as the Miracle on Manchester . In 1988 , the Kings traded with the Oilers to get their captain Wayne Gretzky , leading to a successful phase of the franchise that raised hockey 's popularity in Los Angeles , and helped raise the sport 's profile in the American Sun Belt region . Gretzky , fellow Hall of Famer Luc Robitaille and defenseman Rob Blake led the Kings to the franchise 's sole division title in 1990-91 , and the Kings ' first Stanley Cup Final appearance in 1993 . After the 1993 Finals , the Kings entered financial problems , with a bankruptcy in 1995 , which led to the franchise being acquired by Philip Anschutz ( owner of Anschutz Entertainment Group , operators of Staples Center ) and Edward P. Roski . A period of mediocrity ensued , with the Kings only resurging as they broke a six-year playoff drought in the 2009-10 season , with a team that included goaltender Jonathan Quick , defenseman Drew Doughty , and forwards Dustin Brown , Anze Kopitar and Justin Williams . Under coach Darryl Sutter , who was hired early in the 2011-12 season , the Kings won two Stanley Cups in three years : 2012 , over the New Jersey Devils , and 2014 , against the New York Rangers while Quick and Williams respectively won the Conn Smythe Trophy ." } ] }, { "value": "Christine Hough-Sweeney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christine_Hough-Sweeney", "summary": "Christine Tuffy Hough ( born October 9 , 1969 ) is a Canadian former pair skater . With Doug Ladret , she is the 1988 Canadian national champion and finished in the top ten at two Winter Olympics , in 1988 and 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "The Archie Courtnall Center - Victoria Hospital Foundation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victoria_Hospital_(London,_Ontario)", "summary": "Victoria Hospital , in London , Ontario , Canada , is a large teaching hospital affiliated with the University of Western Ontario . Along with University Hospital it is part of London Health Sciences Centre , which itself is the Lead Trauma Hospital of the Southwestern Local Health Integration Network . London 's first hospital was housed in a log cabin on the military barracks at Victoria Park , constructed in 1838 . The aging hospital was replaced in 1875 by the London General Hospital , constructed on a new site in the city 's south end . Pressure on the new hospital from the city 's growing population led to a much larger hospital being constructed adjacent to London General Hospital , which was renamed in 1899 for Queen Victoria 's diamond jubilee . The hospital building was demolished and a larger building constructed on the same site in 1939 , and three expansions were added up to 1967 . The Victoria Hospital Corporation acquired a federally operated military hospital in 1977 , along with 80 acres ( 32 ha ) of land . The new site was gradually expanded and became Victoria Hospital Westminster Campus . On June 13 , 2005 , most patient services were transferred to the newly renamed Victoria Hospital while the original hospital was renamed South Street Hospital , and other services continued to be transferred to the new site over the next several years . South Street Hospital closed permanently in 2013 and was demolished later that year ." } ] }, { "value": "Eliminated 1st on October 4 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Georges Laraque", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Georges_Laraque", "summary": "Georges Edy Laraque ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʒɔʁʒ laʁak ] ; born December 7 , 1976 ) is a Canadian sports commentator , politician , and former ice hockey player . Laraque previously retired from hockey on August 10 , 2010 , after the Montreal Canadiens bought out his contract . He is a commentator for TVA Sports and most recently executive director of the fledgling Canadian Hockey League Players ' Association . During his 14-year National Hockey League ( NHL ) career , he played for the Edmonton Oilers , Phoenix Coyotes , Pittsburgh Penguins , and Montreal Canadiens . From 2010 to 2013 , he was one of two deputy leaders of the Green Party of Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "Edmonton Oilers Phoenix Coyotes Pittsburgh Penguins Montreal Canadiens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmonton_Oilers", "summary": "The Edmonton Oilers are a professional ice hockey team based in Edmonton . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Oilers were officially founded in 1971 by W. D. Wild Bill Hunter and Dr. Chuck Allard . The team played its first season in 1972 , as one of the twelve founding franchises of the major professional World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . They were originally intended to be one of two WHA Alberta teams , along with the Calgary Broncos . However , when the Broncos relocated to Cleveland , Ohio , before the WHA 's first season began , the Oilers were renamed the Alberta Oilers . They returned to their current name in the following year , and subsequently joined the NHL in 1979 as one of four franchises absorbed through the NHL merger with the WHA . After joining the NHL , the Oilers went on to win the Stanley Cup on five occasions : 1983-84 , 1984-85 , 1986-87 , 1987-88 and 1989-90 . Along with the Pittsburgh Penguins , they are tied for the most championships won by any team since the NHL-WHA merger and also the most won by any team that joined the league in or after 1967 . Among all NHL teams , only the Montreal Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times since the League 's 1967 expansion . For their success in the 1980s , the Oilers team of this era has been honoured with dynasty status by the Hockey Hall of Fame . However , the Oilers began to struggle greatly shortly after the 2004-05 NHL lockout , having missed the playoffs every year since 2006 , with the exception of 2016-17 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes", "summary": "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins", "summary": "The Pittsburgh Penguins ( colloquially known as the Pens ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Penguins are one of two NHL franchises in Pennsylvania , the other being the Philadelphia Flyers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Pennsylvania . The club is owned by Mario Lemieux and Ronald Burkle , who purchased the Penguins in 1999 and brought the club out of bankruptcy . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league 's expansion from six to twelve teams . The Penguins played in the Civic Arena , also known as The Igloo , from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009-10 season , when they moved to the Consol Energy Center , which was later renamed PPG Paints Arena . The 1992-93 Penguins won the franchise 's first-ever Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . In addition to their eight division titles , they have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals , winning the Stanley Cup five times - in 1991 , 1992 , 2009 , 2016 , and 2017 . Along with the Edmonton Oilers , the Penguins are tied for the most Stanley Cup championships among non-Original Six teams and sixth overall . With their Stanley Cup wins in 2016 and 2017 , the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in 19 years ( since the 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings ) and the first team to do so since the introduction of the NHL salary cap . They also became the fifth team to accomplish this feat multiple times ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." } ] }, { "value": "Anabelle Langlois", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anabelle_Langlois", "summary": "Anabelle Langlois ( born July 21 , 1981 ) is a Canadian pair skater . She is the 2008 Canadian national champion with Cody Hay and the 2002 Four Continents silver medallist with Patrice Archetto ." } ] }, { "value": "Hockey for Haiti", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eliminated 2nd on October 11 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "P. J . Stock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/P._J._Stock", "summary": "Philip Joseph P.J . Stock ( born May 26 , 1975 ) is a Canadian sports broadcaster and former professional ice hockey player . After retiring as a player in 2004 he hosted a radio show on Montreal station Team 990 and later became a regular member of the Hockey Night in Canada broadcast team until his release in 2016 . Stock also occasionally participates as a panelist on the French language show L'antichambre , broadcast on the Quebec-based RDS sports channel ." } ] }, { "value": "New York Rangers Montreal Canadiens Philadelphia Flyers Boston Bruins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Rangers", "summary": "The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers", "summary": "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Bruins", "summary": "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ." } ] }, { "value": "Violetta Afanasieva", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ONEXONE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eliminated 3rd on October 18 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Theo Fleury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Theo_Fleury", "summary": "Theoren Wallace Theo Fleury ( born June 29 , 1968 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player . Fleury played for the Calgary Flames , Colorado Avalanche , New York Rangers , and Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , Tappara of Finland 's SM-liiga , and the Belfast Giants of the UK 's Elite Ice Hockey League . He was drafted by the Flames in the 8th round , 166th overall , at the 1987 NHL Entry Draft , and played over 1,000 games in the NHL between 1989 and 2003 . One of the smallest players of his generation , Fleury played a physical style that often led to altercations . As a junior , he was at the centre of the infamous Punch-up in Piestany , a brawl that resulted in the disqualification of both Canada and the Soviet Union from the 1987 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships . Once considered unlikely to play in the NHL due to his small size , Fleury scored over 1,000 points in his career , placing him 61st in career NHL scoring and won the Stanley Cup in 1989 with the Flames . During his career Fleury recorded 90+ points four times , and 100+ points twice . He twice represented Canada at the Winter Olympics , winning a gold medal in 2002 . Throughout his career , he battled drug and alcohol addictions that ultimately forced him out of the NHL in 2003 . He played one season in the British Elite Ice Hockey League in 2005-06 , and made two attempts to win the Allan Cup . After an unsuccessful NHL comeback attempt with the Flames , he retired in 2009 . Outside of hockey , Fleury overcame his addictions , operated a concrete business in Calgary with his family , and filmed a pilot for a reality television show about it ." } ] }, { "value": "Calgary Flames Colorado Avalanche New York Rangers Chicago Blackhawks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calgary_Flames", "summary": "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche", "summary": "The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone ; the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone . Their home arena is Pepsi Center , which they share with the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association . Their general manager is Joe Sakic . The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the charter franchises of the World Hockey Association . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL-WHA merger . Following the 1994-95 season , they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver . In the club 's first season in Denver , the Avalanche won the Pacific Division and went on to sweep the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup Finals , becoming the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in the season following a relocation . Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues , only the National Football League ( NFL ) 's Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat . This was the first major professional sports championship a Denver-based team brought to the city . In the 2001 Stanley Cup Finals , the Avalanche defeated the New Jersey Devils 4-3 to win their second and most recent championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Rangers", "summary": "The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks", "summary": "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jamie Salé", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jamie_Salé", "summary": "Jamie Rae Salé ( born April 21 , 1977 ) is a Canadian pair skater . With partner and former husband David Pelletier , she is the 2002 Olympic Champion and 2001 World Champion . The Olympic gold medals of Salé and Pelletier were shared with the Russian pair Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze after the 2002 Winter Olympics figure skating scandal ." } ] }, { "value": "The Men 's Project", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Men's_Project", "summary": "The Men 's Project is a counselling agency based in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada whose prime mandate is sexual abuse recovery and other issues surrounding the mental health needs of men and their families . The keystone of the agency is its Men & Healing program , a series of group programs designed for men who are recovering from childhood sexual and/or physical abuse . Aside from its Men & Healing program , TMP offers a number of other services , including : anger management ; a fathering program ; a province-wide crisis line ; and individual , family and couples counselling . In 2007 , The Mens Project received the Ministry of Ontario Attorney Generals Award of Distinction for Service Innovation . It was the only community service granted official standing at the Cornwall Inquiry . As well , The Mens Project service engagement model has been adopted by the American non-profit 1in6 Inc. as a basis for its cross-American training and professional education services . In 2011 , The Men 's Project was unsuccessful in gaining core funding through the Ontario Ministry of Attorney General 's heralded new province-wide network for male survivors of sexual abuse . This program will provide , for the first time in Canada , stable core funding to social service agencies from across Ontario to provide services for male survivors of sexual abuse through regional networks . The Men 's Project was granted a single year direct service contract by the province for 2011-2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "Eliminated 5th on November 8 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kelly Chase", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Chase", "summary": "Kelly Wayne Chase ( born October 25 , 1967 ) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player who played 458 games in the National Hockey League , and current radio sportscaster . He formerly served as the color commentator for St. Louis Blues radio broadcasts on KMOX radio in St. Louis . He is an uncle of Gregory Chase , who was drafted 188th overall by the Edmonton Oilers in the 2013 NHL Entry Draft ." } ] }, { "value": "St. Louis Blues Hartford Whalers Toronto Maple Leafs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Louis_Blues", "summary": "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hartford_Whalers", "summary": "The Hartford Whalers were an American professional ice hockey team based for most of its existence in Hartford , Connecticut . The club played in the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) from 1972 until 1979 , and in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) from 1979 to 1997 . Originally based in Boston , the team joined the WHA in the league 's inaugural season , and was known as the New England Whalers throughout its time in the WHA . The Whalers moved to Hartford in 1974 and joined the NHL in the NHL-WHA merger of 1979 . In 1997 , the Whalers franchise relocated to North Carolina , where it became the Carolina Hurricanes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs", "summary": "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kyoko Ina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kyoko_Ina", "summary": "Kyoko Ina ( 伊奈 恭子 , Ina Kyōko , born October 11 , 1972 ) is a Japanese-American figure skater . With partner John Zimmerman , she is the 2002 World bronze medalist and a three-time ( 2000-2002 ) U.S. national champion . The pair also competed at the 2002 Winter Olympics . With previous partner Jason Dungjen , Ina was a two-time ( 1997 & 1998 ) U.S. champion and competed at the 1994 and 1998 Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Children 's Hospital Foundation of Saskatchewan", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eliminated 6th on November 16 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Todd Warriner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Todd_Warriner", "summary": "Todd Eaton Warriner ( born January 3 , 1974 ) is a Canadian retired ice hockey forward . Over the course of his career , Warriner played for the Toronto Maple Leafs , Tampa Bay Lightning , Phoenix Coyotes , Vancouver Canucks , Philadelphia Flyers , and Nashville Predators of the NHL . He also played for several teams in Europe , including Jokerit of the Finnish SM-liiga , and the Hannover Scorpions and Kölner Haie of the German Deutsche Eishockey Liga ." } ] }, { "value": "Toronto Maple Leafs Tampa Bay Lightning Phoenix Coyotes Vancouver Canucks Philadelphia Flyers Nashville Predators", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs", "summary": "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning", "summary": "The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa , Florida . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club has won one Stanley Cup championship in their history , in 2003-04 . The team is often referred to as the Bolts , and the nickname was used on the former third jerseys . The Lightning plays home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa . The owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik , while Julien BriseBois serves as general manager . The team is currently coached by Jon Cooper , who has led the team since 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Phoenix_Coyotes", "summary": "The Arizona Coyotes are a professional ice hockey team based in the Phoenix suburb of Glendale , Arizona . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Coyotes first played at America West Arena in downtown Phoenix , before moving to Glendale 's Gila River Arena in 2003 . In 2021 , the Coyotes are scheduled to return to the Central Division when an expansion team in Seattle joins the league . The Coyotes were founded on December 27 , 1971 , as the Winnipeg Jets of the World Hockey Association ( WHA ) . After the WHA had ceased operations , they were one of four franchises absorbed into the National Hockey League and then granted membership on June 22 , 1979 . The Jets moved to Phoenix on July 1 , 1996 , and were renamed the Phoenix Coyotes . In 2014 , the team was re-named to the present Arizona Coyotes . The Coyotes are owned by Alex Meruelo , who purchased the club in 2019 . The team is known for its instability under prior ownership . The NHL took ownership of the Phoenix Coyotes franchise in 2009 after then-owner Jerry Moyes turned it over to the league after declaring bankruptcy and the league kept control of the team until 2013 when they were able to find ownership willing to keep the team in Arizona . The Coyotes continue to be at odds with the city of Glendale and the use of Gila River Arena , but has signed a lease through the 2019-20 season ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks", "summary": "The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena , formerly known as General Motors Place , which has an official capacity of 18,910 . Travis Green is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager . The Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres . In its NHL history , the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times , losing to the New York Islanders in 1982 , the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons . They won three division titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993 , and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013 . The Canucks , along with fellow expansion team , the Buffalo Sabres , are the two oldest teams to have never won the Stanley Cup . The Canucks have retired six players ' jerseys in their history - Stan Smyl ( 12 ) , Trevor Linden ( 16 ) , Markus Naslund ( 19 ) , Daniel Sedin ( 22 ) , Henrik Sedin ( 33 ) , and Pavel Bure ( 10 ) ; all but Bure and Daniel Sedin have served as team captain . Smyl has the distinction of being the only Canuck to have his jersey number retired at their former arena , the Pacific Coliseum ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers", "summary": "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nashville_Predators", "summary": "The Nashville Predators are a professional ice hockey team based in Nashville , Tennessee . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Predators have played their home games at Bridgestone Arena since 1998 . Their television broadcasting rights are held by Fox Sports Tennessee , and radio broadcasting rights are held by WPRT-FM . The club was founded in 1998 when the NHL granted an expansion franchise to Craig Leipold . After five seasons , the Predators qualified for their first Stanley Cup playoffs during the 2003-04 season . In 2008 , ownership of the club was transferred from Leipold to a locally based ownership group . The Predators advanced to their first Stanley Cup Finals in 2017 , but were defeated by the Pittsburgh Penguins in six games . In the following season , the Predators won their first Presidents ' Trophy and Central Division title . The Predators are presently affiliated with the minor league teams Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League and Florida Everblades of the ECHL ." } ] }, { "value": "Isabelle Brasseur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Isabelle_Brasseur", "summary": "Isabelle Brasseur , MSM ( born July 28 , 1970 ) is a Canadian former competitive pair skater . With partner Lloyd Eisler , she won two Olympic medals and the 1993 World Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heart_and_Stroke_Foundation_of_Canada", "summary": "The Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada , branded since November 2016 as Heart & Stroke , is a Canadian charity dedicated to advocacy , education , and the funding of research surrounding heart disease and stroke . In November 2016 , the organization re-branded as Heart & Stroke and introduced a new logo ; the new branding is meant to signify a more personal approach to its marketing , with a wider targeting of younger demographics and immigrants . In early February 2018 , the Foundation released Ms Understood , a report about how women 's early warning signs of a heart attack are frequently missed ." } ] }, { "value": "Third Place on November 22 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Patrice Brisebois", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patrice_Brisebois", "summary": "Joseph Jean-Guy Patrice Brisebois ( born January 27 , 1971 ) is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey defenceman who played for the Montreal Canadiens and Colorado Avalanche , playing nearly 900 games with the former and 1,009 games overall . Brisebois was recently the Canadiens ' Director of Player Development ." } ] }, { "value": "Colorado Avalanche Montreal Canadiens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Avalanche", "summary": "The Colorado Avalanche are a professional ice hockey team based in Denver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Avalanche are the only team in their division not based in the Central Time Zone ; the team is situated in the Mountain Time Zone . Their home arena is Pepsi Center , which they share with the Denver Nuggets of the National Basketball Association . Their general manager is Joe Sakic . The Avalanche were founded in 1972 as the Quebec Nordiques and were one of the charter franchises of the World Hockey Association . The franchise joined the NHL in 1979 as a result of the NHL-WHA merger . Following the 1994-95 season , they were sold to the COMSAT Entertainment Group and relocated to Denver . In the club 's first season in Denver , the Avalanche won the Pacific Division and went on to sweep the Florida Panthers in the 1996 Stanley Cup Finals , becoming the first NHL team to win the Stanley Cup in the season following a relocation . Among teams in the major North American professional sports leagues , only the National Football League ( NFL ) 's Washington Redskins have also accomplished the feat . This was the first major professional sports championship a Denver-based team brought to the city . In the 2001 Stanley Cup Finals , the Avalanche defeated the New Jersey Devils 4-3 to win their second and most recent championship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." } ] }, { "value": "Shae-Lynn Bourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shae-Lynn_Bourne", "summary": "Shae-Lynn Bourne , MSC ( born January 24 , 1976 ) is a Canadian ice dancer and choreographer . In 2003 , she and partner Victor Kraatz became the first North American ice dancers to win a World Championship . They competed at three Winter Olympic Games , placing 10th at the 1994 Winter Olympics , 4th at the 1998 Winter Olympics , and 4th at the 2002 Winter Olympics . Since retiring from competitive skating , she has become a renowned choreographer , choreographing programs for Olympic champion Yuzuru Hanyu and multiple World Champions including Nathan Chen and Evgenia Medvedeva ." } ] }, { "value": "Sainte-Justine UHC Foundation , Make-A-Wish Foundation Canada", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_hospitalier_universitaire_Sainte-Justine", "summary": "The Centre hospitalier universitaire Sainte-Justine ( CHU Sainte-Justine ) is the largest mother and child centre in Canada and one of the four most important pediatric centres in North America . This university health centre is affiliated with the Université de Montréal , located in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Make-A-Wish_Foundation", "summary": "The Make-A-Wish is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization founded in the United States that creates life-changing wishes for minors with a critical illness who have reached the age of 2½ and are younger than 18 at the time of referral . Potential wish kids , medical professionals , parents , legal guardians and family members with detailed knowledge of the minor 's current medical condition can initiate the referral process . The national headquarters and founding chapter of the Make-A-Wish is in Phoenix . The organization grants wishes through its 60 chapters located throughout the United States . Make-A-Wish also operates in 45 other countries around the world through 38 other affiliate offices ." } ] }, { "value": "Eliminated 4th on October 25 , 2010 Reinstated on November 1 , 2010 Second Place on November 22 , 2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Valeri Bure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Valeri_Bure", "summary": "Valeri Vladimirovich Val Bure ( /ˈvɑːlɛri bʊˈreɪ/ ; Russian : Валерий Владимирович Буре , IPA : [ vɐˈlʲerʲɪj bʊˈrɛ ] ; born June 13 , 1974 ) is a Russian-American former ice hockey right winger . He played 10 seasons in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) for the Montreal Canadiens , Calgary Flames , Florida Panthers , St. Louis Blues , and Dallas Stars . A second round selection of the Canadiens , 33rd overall , at the 1992 NHL Entry Draft , Bure appeared in one NHL All-Star Game , in 2000 . He led the Flames in scoring with 35 goals and 75 points in 1999-2000 , a season in which he and brother Pavel combined to set an NHL record for goals by a pair of siblings with 93 . Bure left his home in the Soviet Union in 1991 to play junior hockey in the Western Hockey League ( WHL ) for the Spokane Chiefs . A two-time WHL all-star , he was the first Russian player in the league 's history . Internationally , he represented Russia on numerous occasions . He was a member of the bronze medal-winning squad at the 1994 World Junior Championship and was a two-time medalist at the Winter Olympics . Bure and the Russians won the silver medal in 1998 and bronze in 2002 . Back and hip injuries led to Bure 's retirement from hockey in 2005 . He now operates a winery in California with his wife , Candace Cameron . Bure paired with Ekaterina Gordeeva in 2010 to win the second season of the figure skating reality show Battle of the Blades ." } ] }, { "value": "Montreal Canadiens Calgary Flames Florida Panthers St. Louis Blues Florida Panthers Dallas Stars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Calgary_Flames", "summary": "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Panthers", "summary": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena , before moving to the BB & T Center in 1998 . Located in Sunrise , Florida , the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL . The team 's local broadcasting rights have been held by Fox Sports Florida ( formerly SportsChannel Florida ) since 1996 . The Panthers began playing in the 1993-94 NHL season . The team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals , in 1996 , the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series , eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche . Since then , the Panthers have only qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs four times , never advancing past the first round , since 1996 . The club is affiliated with one minor league team , the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League ." }, { "url": "/wiki/St._Louis_Blues", "summary": "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Panthers", "summary": "The Florida Panthers are a professional ice hockey team based in the Miami metropolitan area . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team initially played their home games at Miami Arena , before moving to the BB & T Center in 1998 . Located in Sunrise , Florida , the Panthers are the southernmost team in the NHL . The team 's local broadcasting rights have been held by Fox Sports Florida ( formerly SportsChannel Florida ) since 1996 . The Panthers began playing in the 1993-94 NHL season . The team has made one appearance in the Stanley Cup Finals , in 1996 , the only season in which the Panthers have ever won a playoff series , eventually losing the Finals to the Colorado Avalanche . Since then , the Panthers have only qualified for the Stanley Cup playoffs four times , never advancing past the first round , since 1996 . The club is affiliated with one minor league team , the Springfield Thunderbirds of the American Hockey League ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dallas_Stars", "summary": "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ." } ] }, { "value": "Ekaterina Gordeeva", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ekaterina_Gordeeva", "summary": "Ekaterina Katia Alexandrovna Gordeeva ( Russian : Екатерина Александровна Гордеева ; born 28 May 1971 ) is a Russian figure skater . Together with her partner and husband , the late Sergei Grinkov , she was the 1988 and 1994 Olympic Champion and four-time World Champion ( 1986 , 1987 , 1989 , 1990 ) in pair skating . After Grinkov 's death , Gordeeva continued performing as a singles skater ." } ] }, { "value": "Compassion Canada , Cardiac Kids", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Compassion_Canada", "summary": "Compassion International is a Christian humanitarian aid child sponsorship organization dedicated to the long-term development of children living in poverty around the world . Compassion International , headquartered in Colorado Springs , Colorado , functions in 25 countries such as Bolivia , Colombia , Mexico , Haiti , and Kenya . The organization provides aid to more than two million babies , children and youth . The board chair is Judy Golz , and Santiago Mellado is the President and CEO ." } ] }, { "value": "Winners on November 22 , 2010", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Couples", "section_text": "", "uid": "Battle_of_the_Blades_(season_2)_0", "intro": "The second season of Battle of the Blades premiered on September 26, 2010 as a part of CBC's fall line-up. Like season 1, this season showcased a lineup of eight couples. Ron MacLean and Kurt Browning return as the show's hosts. Sandra Bezic continued as the head judge this season, with the addition of former NHL player Jeremy Roenick as the other regular judge, replacing season 1's Dick Button. This season continued to have one rotating guest judge every week. Because Maple Leaf Gardens was undergoing renovations at the time, the venue this season was set in a sound stage at Pinewood Toronto Studios. The sound stage was transformed into a skating rink, with two-tiered seating. The elimination format changed this season. The scores from the couples' Sunday night performance were now added to the viewers voting to determine the bottom two couples. On Monday, the bottom two couples are revealed and they skate their Sunday night program once more in the Skate-Off. Instead of scoring the couples on their Skate-Off performance, this season the judges were just asked to vote on the couple of their choice. The couple with the fewest judges' votes was then eliminated." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Haskell_County,_Oklahoma", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Haskell County, Oklahoma", "header": [ "", "Name on the Register", "Date listed", "Location", "City or town" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cotton Storage House", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 10 , 1980 ( # 80003263 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Off State Highway 2 35°07′08″N 95°13′57″W / 35.118889°N 95.2325°W / 35.118889 ; -95.2325 ( Cotton Storage House )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_2", "summary": "State Highway 2 , abbreviated SH-2 or OK-2 , is a designation for two distinct highways maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Though they were once connected , the middle section of highway was concurrent with three different U.S. highways , so the middle section was decommissioned for reasons of redundancy . The southern section of highway runs from Antlers , Oklahoma to U.S. Highway 64 near Warner , covering 116.7 miles ( 187.8 km ) through the southeastern part of the state . The northern SH-2 runs for 26.3 miles ( 42.3 km ) through Craig County in northeastern Oklahoma ." } ] }, { "value": "Kinta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Kinta is a town in Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The name Kinta is the Choctaw word for beaver . The population was 297 at the 2010 census , an increase of 22.2 percent from 243 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Haskell County Courthouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Haskell_County_Courthouse", "summary": "The Haskell County Courthouse , at 202 E. Main St. in Stigler , Oklahoma , was built in 1931 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984 . It is a three-story , buff brick building . Its first- and second-story windows have pale green glass bricks . A green marble inset appears above the front doorway ." } ] }, { "value": "August 23 , 1984 ( # 84003061 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "202 E. Main St. 35°15′14″N 95°04′48″W / 35.253889°N 95.08°W / 35.253889 ; -95.08 ( Haskell County Courthouse )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stigler", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stigler,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Stigler is a city in and county seat of Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 2,685 at the 2010 census , down from 2,731 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kinta High School", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta_High_School", "summary": "The Kinta High School , on OK 2 in Kinta , Oklahoma , was built with Works Progress Administration funding in 1936 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 . It is a one-story 55 by 122 feet ( 17 m × 37 m ) building , originally with six rooms , built of rusticated , coursed sandstone . Its NRHP nomination describes its masonry as impressive , especially on the corners . The Richardsonian influence is apparent . The roof is flat with parapets ; two front entryways on the west are recessed behind arches . Windows , with concrete sills , are arranged by threes and reach to the level of interior ceilings . Its construction provided work for unemployed coal miners . The building has been modified with original parapets obscured by a roof and projecting walkway ." } ] }, { "value": "September 26 , 1988 ( # 88001383 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "State Highway 2 35°06′30″N 95°14′15″W / 35.108333°N 95.2375°W / 35.108333 ; -95.2375 ( Kinta High School )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_2", "summary": "State Highway 2 , abbreviated SH-2 or OK-2 , is a designation for two distinct highways maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Though they were once connected , the middle section of highway was concurrent with three different U.S. highways , so the middle section was decommissioned for reasons of redundancy . The southern section of highway runs from Antlers , Oklahoma to U.S. Highway 64 near Warner , covering 116.7 miles ( 187.8 km ) through the southeastern part of the state . The northern SH-2 runs for 26.3 miles ( 42.3 km ) through Craig County in northeastern Oklahoma ." } ] }, { "value": "Kinta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Kinta is a town in Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The name Kinta is the Choctaw word for beaver . The population was 297 at the 2010 census , an increase of 22.2 percent from 243 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edmund McCurtain House", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmund_McCurtain_House", "summary": "The Edmund McCurtain House , in Haskell County , Oklahoma near Kinta , Oklahoma , was built in 1866 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 . It was deemed significant for its historical connection with a prominent Choctaw rancher and statesman . Edmund McCurtain , son of Cornelius McCurtain and brother of Jackson and Green McCurtain , was born on June 4 , 1842 , at Fort Coffee in present day LeFlore County , Oklahoma . During the Civil War he served with the Confederate First Regiment of Mounted Rifles under command of his brother Jackson . After the war , he moved near Sans Bois in present day Haskell County , where he built this ranch home in 1866 . McCurtain was one of the wealthiest landowners and ranchers in the Choctaw Nation , cultivating about 300 acres and owning about 500 head of cattle under the Choctaw system of common ownership and use of land . The regiment referred to might be either the First Choctaw and Chickasaw Mounted Rifles , organized in 1861 , or the First Choctaw Mounted Rifles , organized in 1862 . It is located northeast of Kinta ." } ] }, { "value": "June 27 , 1980 ( # 80003265 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northeast of Kinta 35°07′43″N 95°09′43″W / 35.128611°N 95.161944°W / 35.128611 ; -95.161944 ( Edmund McCurtain House )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kinta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Kinta is a town in Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The name Kinta is the Choctaw word for beaver . The population was 297 at the 2010 census , an increase of 22.2 percent from 243 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Green McCurtain House", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 21 , 1971 ( # 71000661 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northeast of Kinta 35°07′43″N 95°09′25″W / 35.128611°N 95.156944°W / 35.128611 ; -95.156944 ( Green McCurtain House )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kinta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Kinta is a town in Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The name Kinta is the Choctaw word for beaver . The population was 297 at the 2010 census , an increase of 22.2 percent from 243 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mule Creek Site", "urls": [] }, { "value": "September 13 , 1978 ( # 78002237 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stigler", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stigler,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Stigler is a city in and county seat of Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 2,685 at the 2010 census , down from 2,731 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Otter Creek Archeological Site", "urls": [] }, { "value": "December 31 , 1974 ( # 74001661 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keota", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keota,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Keota is a town in northeastern Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 564 at the 2010 census , a 9.1 percent increase from 517 at the 2000 census . The town was first called KeeOtter , and was later changed to Keota . The town 's name may come from a Choctaw word meaning the fire gone out , referring to an entire tribe being destroyed by disease . Another account is that Keota was derived from Jim Keese , a rancher who owned the land where the townsite was located , and Otter , for Otter Creek , a tributary of the Sans Bois Creek which winds its way through town . [ a ]" } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Scott Store", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 11 , 1980 ( # 80003264 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "State Highway 2 35°07′04″N 95°13′53″W / 35.117778°N 95.231389°W / 35.117778 ; -95.231389 ( Scott Store )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_State_Highway_2", "summary": "State Highway 2 , abbreviated SH-2 or OK-2 , is a designation for two distinct highways maintained by the U.S. state of Oklahoma . Though they were once connected , the middle section of highway was concurrent with three different U.S. highways , so the middle section was decommissioned for reasons of redundancy . The southern section of highway runs from Antlers , Oklahoma to U.S. Highway 64 near Warner , covering 116.7 miles ( 187.8 km ) through the southeastern part of the state . The northern SH-2 runs for 26.3 miles ( 42.3 km ) through Craig County in northeastern Oklahoma ." } ] }, { "value": "Kinta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinta,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Kinta is a town in Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The name Kinta is the Choctaw word for beaver . The population was 297 at the 2010 census , an increase of 22.2 percent from 243 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stigler School Gymnasium-Auditorium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "September 8 , 1988 ( # 88001384 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4th and E Sts . 35°15′31″N 95°07′40″W / 35.258611°N 95.127778°W / 35.258611 ; -95.127778 ( Stigler School Gymnasium-Auditorium )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stigler", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stigler,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Stigler is a city in and county seat of Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 2,685 at the 2010 census , down from 2,731 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tamaha Jail and Ferry Landing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 14 , 1980 ( # 80003266 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Northeast of Stigler 35°24′03″N 94°58′42″W / 35.400833°N 94.978333°W / 35.400833 ; -94.978333 ( Tamaha Jail and Ferry Landing )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stigler", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stigler,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Stigler is a city in and county seat of Haskell County , Oklahoma , United States . The population was 2,685 at the 2010 census , down from 2,731 at the 2000 census ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Current listings", "section_text": "", "uid": "National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Haskell_County,_Oklahoma_0", "intro": "This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Haskell County, Oklahoma. This is intended to be a complete list of the properties on the National Register of Historic Places in Haskell County, Oklahoma, United States. The locations of National Register properties for which the latitude and longitude coordinates are included below, may be seen in a map. There are 10 properties listed on the National Register in the county." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Delta_Sigma_Theta_chapters", "title": "List of Delta Sigma Theta chapters", "header": [ "Name", "Chartered", "Institution", "Location" ], "data": [ { "value": "Beta Alpha", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 30 , 1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Florida A & M University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_A&M_University", "summary": "Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University ( FAMU ) is a public , historically black university in Tallahassee , Florida . Founded in 1887 , it is located on the highest geographic hill in Tallahassee . It is the 5th largest historically black university in the United States by enrollment and the only public historically black university in Florida . It is a member institution of the State University System of Florida , as well as one of the state 's land grant universities , and is accredited to award baccalaureate , master 's and doctoral degrees by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools . The 2020 edition of the U.S. News & World Report college rankings placed the university in Tier 1 among national universities ( 254th ) , 7th among all HBCUs and 2nd among all public HBCUs . The university is classified as an R2 Doctoral Research University under the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education , which denotes higher research activity . For 2017 , the National Science Foundation ranked Florida A & M University 216th nationally and 2nd among HBCU for total research and development expenditures . FAMU sports teams are known as the Rattlers , and compete in Division I of the NCAA . They are a member of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Tallahassee , Florida", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tallahassee,_Florida", "summary": "Tallahassee ( /ˌtæləˈhæsi/ ) is the capital city of the U.S. state of Florida . It is the county seat and only incorporated municipality in Leon County . Tallahassee became the capital of Florida , then the Florida Territory , in 1824 . In 2018 , the population was 193,551 , making it the 7th-largest city in the U.S state of Florida , and the 126th-largest city in the United States . The population of the Tallahassee metropolitan area was 385,145 as of 2018 [ update ] . Tallahassee is the largest city in the Florida Big Bend and Florida Panhandle region , and the main center for trade and agriculture in the Florida Big Bend and Southwest Georgia regions . Tallahassee is home to Florida State University , ranked the nation 's eighteenth best public university by U.S. News & World Report . It is also home to Florida A & M University , the fifth-largest historically black university by total enrollment . Tallahassee Community College is a large state college that serves mainly as a feeder school to Florida State and Florida A & M . Tallahassee qualifies as a significant college town , with a student population exceeding 70,000 . [ citation needed ] As the capital , Tallahassee is the site of the Florida State Capitol , Supreme Court of Florida , Florida Governor 's Mansion , and nearly 30 state agency headquarters . The city is also known for its large number of law firms , lobbying organizations , trade associations and professional associations , including the Florida Bar and the Florida Chamber of Commerce ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Beta", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1921", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washington , D.C. Alumnae Chapter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington,_D.C.", "summary": "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Washington , District of Columbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington,_District_of_Columbia", "summary": "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Gamma", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dillard University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dillard_University", "summary": "Dillard University is a private , historically black , liberal arts university in New Orleans , Louisiana , United States . Founded in 1930 and incorporating earlier institutions that were founded as early as 1869 after the American Civil War , it is affiliated with the United Church of Christ and the United Methodist Church ." } ] }, { "value": "New Orleans , Louisiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana", "summary": "New Orleans ( /ˈɔːrl ( i ) ənz , ɔːrˈliːnz/ , locally /ˈɔːrlənz/ ; French : La Nouvelle-Orléans [ la nuvɛlɔʁleɑ̃ ] ( listen ) ) is a consolidated city-parish located along the Mississippi River in the southeastern region of the U.S. state of Louisiana . With an estimated population of 391,006 in 2018 , it is the most populous city in Louisiana . Serving as a major port , New Orleans is considered an economic and commercial hub for the broader Gulf Coast region of the United States . New Orleans is world-renowned for its distinct music , Creole cuisine , unique dialect , and its annual celebrations and festivals , most notably Mardi Gras . The historic heart of the city is the French Quarter , known for its French and Spanish Creole architecture and vibrant nightlife along Bourbon Street . The city has been described as the most unique in the United States , owing in large part to its cross-cultural and multilingual heritage . Founded in 1718 by French colonists , New Orleans was once the territorial capital of French Louisiana before being traded to the United States in the Louisiana Purchase of 1803 . New Orleans in 1840 was the third-most populous city in the United States , and it was the largest city in the American South from the Antebellum era until after World War II . The city has historically been very vulnerable to flooding , due to such factors as high rainfall , low lying elevation , poor natural drainage and location next to multiple bodies of water . State and federal authorities have installed a complex system of levees and drainage pumps in an effort to protect the city . New Orleans was severely affected by Hurricane Katrina on August 29 , 2005 , which resulted in flooding more than 80% of the city , thousands of deaths , and so much displacement because of damaged communities and lost housing as to cause a population decline of over 50% . Since Katrina , major redevelopment efforts have led to a rebound in the city 's population ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Delta", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dallas , Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dallas,_Texas", "summary": "Dallas ( /ˈdæləs/ ) is a city in the U.S. state of Texas and the largest city and seat of Dallas County , with portions extending into Collin , Denton , Kaufman and Rockwall counties . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,345,076 , it is the ninth most-populous city in the U.S. and third in Texas after Houston and San Antonio . Located in North Texas , the city of Dallas is the main core of the largest metropolitan area in the Southern United States and the largest inland metropolitan area in the U.S. that lacks any navigable link to the sea . [ a ] It is the most populous city in the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex , the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the country at 7.5 million people . Dallas and nearby Fort Worth were initially developed due to the construction of major railroad lines through the area allowing access to cotton , cattle and later oil in North and East Texas . The construction of the Interstate Highway System reinforced Dallas 's prominence as a transportation hub , with four major interstate highways converging in the city and a fifth interstate loop around it . Dallas then developed as a strong industrial and financial center and a major inland port , due to the convergence of major railroad lines , interstate highways and the construction of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport , one of the largest and busiest airports in the world . In addition , Dallas has DART ( Dallas Area Rapid Transit ) with different colored train lines that transport throughout the metroplex . Dominant sectors of its diverse economy include defense , financial services , information technology , telecommunications , and transportation . Dallas is home to 9 Fortune 500 companies within the city limits . The Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex hosts additional Fortune 500 companies , including American Airlines ( Fort Worth ) and ExxonMobil ( Irving ) . Over 41 colleges and universities are located within its metropolitan area , which is the most of any metropolitan area in Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Epsilon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Virginia Union University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Virginia_Union_University", "summary": "Virginia Union University ( VUU ) is a private historically black university in Richmond , Virginia . It took its present name in 1899 upon the merger of two older schools , Richmond Theological Institute and Wayland Seminary , each founded after the end of American Civil War by the American Baptist Home Mission Society . In 1932 , Hartshorn Memorial College , a women 's college , merged with VUU ." } ] }, { "value": "Richmond , Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richmond,_Virginia", "summary": "Richmond ( /ˈrɪtʃmənd/ ) is the capital city of the Commonwealth of Virginia . It is the center of the Richmond Metropolitan Statistical Area ( MSA ) and the Greater Richmond Region . Richmond was incorporated in 1742 and has been an independent city since 1871 . As of the 2010 census , the city 's population was 204,214 ; in 2018 , the population was estimated to be 228,783 , making Richmond the fourth-most populous city in Virginia . The Richmond Metropolitan Area has a population of 1,260,029 , the third-most populous metro in the state . Richmond is at the fall line of the James River , 44 miles ( 71 km ) west of Williamsburg , 66 miles ( 106 km ) east of Charlottesville , 91 miles ( 146 km ) east of Lynchburg and 92 miles ( 148 km ) south of Washington , D.C . Surrounded by Henrico and Chesterfield counties , the city is at the intersections of Interstate 95 and Interstate 64 and encircled by Interstate 295 , Virginia State Route 150 and Virginia State Route 288 . Major suburbs include Midlothian to the southwest , Chesterfield to the south , Varina to the southeast , Sandston to the east , Glen Allen to the north and west , Short Pump to the west and Mechanicsville to the northeast . The site of Richmond had been an important village of the Powhatan Confederacy , and was briefly settled by English colonists from Jamestown from 1609 to 1611 . The present city of Richmond was founded in 1737 . It became the capital of the Colony and Dominion of Virginia in 1780 , replacing Williamsburg . During the Revolutionary War period , several notable events occurred in the city , including Patrick Henry 's Give me liberty or give me death speech in 1775 at St. John 's Church , and the passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom written by Thomas Jefferson ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Zeta", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pittsburg State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburg_State_University", "summary": "Pittsburg State University ( Pitt State or PSU ) is a public university in Pittsburg , Kansas , United States . It enrolls approximately 7,400 students ( 6,000 undergraduates and 1,400 graduate students ) and is a member of the Kansas Board of Regents ." } ] }, { "value": "Pittsburg , Kansas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburg,_Kansas", "summary": "Pittsburg is a city in Crawford County , Kansas , United States , located in Southeast Kansas near the Missouri state border . It is the most populous city in Crawford County and southeast Kansas . As of the 2010 census , the city population was 20,233 ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Eta", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 7 , 1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alabama State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alabama_State_University", "summary": "Alabama State University ( ASU ) is a public historically black university in Montgomery , Alabama . Founded in 1867 , ASU is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund ." } ] }, { "value": "Montgomery , Alabama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montgomery,_Alabama", "summary": "Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County . Named for Richard Montgomery , it stands beside the Alabama River , on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico . In the 2010 Census , Montgomery 's population was 205,764 . It is the second most populous city in Alabama , after Birmingham , and is the 118th most populous in the United States . The Montgomery Metropolitan Statistical Area 's population in 2010 was estimated at 374,536 ; it is the fourth largest in the state and 136th among United States metropolitan areas . The city was incorporated in 1819 as a merger of two towns situated along the Alabama River . It became the state capital in 1846 , representing the shift of power to the south-central area of Alabama with the growth of cotton as a commodity crop of the Black Belt and the rise of Mobile as a mercantile port on the Gulf Coast . In February 1861 , Montgomery was chosen the first capital of the Confederate States of America , which it remained until the Confederate seat of government moved to Richmond , Virginia , in May of that year . In the middle of the 20th century , Montgomery was a major center of events and protests in the Civil Rights Movement , including the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the Selma to Montgomery marches . In addition to housing many Alabama government agencies , Montgomery has a large military presence , due to Maxwell Air Force Base ; public universities Alabama State University , Troy University ( Montgomery campus ) , and Auburn University at Montgomery ; two private post-secondary institutions , Faulkner University and Huntingdon College ; high-tech manufacturing , including Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama ; and many cultural attractions , such as the Alabama Shakespeare Festival and the Montgomery Museum of Fine Arts . Two ships of the United States Navy have been named after the city , including USS Montgomery . Montgomery has also been recognized nationally for its downtown revitalization and new urbanism projects ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Theta", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Phoenix City-Wide", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phoenix,_Arizona", "summary": "Phoenix is the capital and most populous city in Arizona , with 1,660,272 people ( as of 2018 [ update ] ) . It is also the fifth most populous city in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 11th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.73 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and the largest city in the state at 517.9 square miles ( 1,341 km2 ) , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Phoenix was settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers and was incorporated as a city in 1881 . It became the capital of Arizona Territory in 1889 . It is in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community with the original settler 's crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay . Cotton , cattle , citrus , climate , and copper were known locally as the Five C 's anchoring Phoenix 's economy . These remained the driving forces of the city until after World War II , when high-tech companies began to move into the valley and air conditioning made Phoenix 's hot summers more bearable . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s ." } ] }, { "value": "Phoenix , AZ", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Phoenix,_AZ", "summary": "Phoenix is the capital and most populous city in Arizona , with 1,660,272 people ( as of 2018 [ update ] ) . It is also the fifth most populous city in the United States , and the only state capital with a population of more than one million residents . Phoenix is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area , also known as the Valley of the Sun , which in turn is part of the Salt River Valley . The metropolitan area is the 11th largest by population in the United States , with approximately 4.73 million people as of 2017 [ update ] . Phoenix is the seat of Maricopa County and the largest city in the state at 517.9 square miles ( 1,341 km2 ) , more than twice the size of Tucson and one of the largest cities in the United States . Phoenix was settled in 1867 as an agricultural community near the confluence of the Salt and Gila Rivers and was incorporated as a city in 1881 . It became the capital of Arizona Territory in 1889 . It is in the northeastern reaches of the Sonoran Desert and has a hot desert climate . Despite this , its canal system led to a thriving farming community with the original settler 's crops remaining important parts of the Phoenix economy for decades , such as alfalfa , cotton , citrus , and hay . Cotton , cattle , citrus , climate , and copper were known locally as the Five C 's anchoring Phoenix 's economy . These remained the driving forces of the city until after World War II , when high-tech companies began to move into the valley and air conditioning made Phoenix 's hot summers more bearable . The city averaged a four percent annual population growth rate over a 40-year period from the mid-1960s to the mid-2000s ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Iota", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1937", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of the District of Columbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_the_District_of_Columbia", "summary": "The University of the District of Columbia ( UDC ) is a public historically black land-grant university in Washington , D.C . It was established in 1851 and is the only public university in the city . UDC is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . The full university system offers workforce and certificate programs in addition to Associate , Baccalaureate , Master 's , professional , and Doctoral degrees . The university 's academic schools and programs include the University of the District of Columbia - Community College , College of Arts and Sciences , School of Engineering and Applied Sciences , School of Business and Public Administration , Colleges of Agriculture , Urban Sustainability & Environmental Sciences , and School of Law ." } ] }, { "value": "Washington , District of Columbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington,_District_of_Columbia", "summary": "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Kappa", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1947", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Livingstone College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Livingstone_College", "summary": "Livingstone College is a private , historically black Christian college in Salisbury , North Carolina . It is affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church . Livingstone College is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award the Bachelor of Arts , Bachelor of Science , Bachelor of Fine Arts , and Bachelor of Social Work degrees ." } ] }, { "value": "Salisbury , North Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salisbury,_North_Carolina", "summary": "Salisbury is a city in the Piedmont region of North Carolina ; it has been the county seat of Rowan County since 1753 when Rowan County was much larger and its territory extended to the Mississippi River . Located 44 miles northeast of Charlotte and within its metropolitan area , the town has attracted a growing population , which was 33,663 in the 2010 Census - 27.8 percent greater than 2000 . Salisbury is the oldest continually populated colonial town in the western region of North Carolina . Salisbury is noted for its historic preservation , with five Local Historic Districts and ten National Register Historic Districts . Salisbury is the home to North Carolina soft drink , Cheerwine , regional supermarket , Food Lion and Rack Room Shoes ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Lambda", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "University of Toledo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/University_of_Toledo", "summary": "The University of Toledo ( UToledo or UT ) is a public research university in Toledo , Ohio . The university also operates a 450-acre ( 180 ha ) Health Science campus , which includes the University of Toledo Medical Center , in the West Toledo neighborhood of Toledo ; a 160-acre ( 65 ha ) satellite campus in the Scott Park neighborhood of Toledo ; the Center for the Visual Arts is located in downtown Toledo at the Toledo Museum of Art ; and a research and education facility , known as the Lake Erie Center , is at the Maumee Bay State Park . The university was founded in 1872 in downtown Toledo as the Toledo University of Arts and Trades . It closed after six years and was eventually turned over to the city of Toledo to reopen in 1884 as the Toledo Manual Training School and developed from a vocational school into a university through the late 1800s . The university moved to its current location in the Ottawa neighborhood in 1931 . Since its establishment , the university has physically expanded to include more than 100 major buildings with a combined area of more 1,400 acres ( 570 ha ) and transformed its academic program from a vocational and secondary education into a comprehensive research university , known for its curriculum in the science , engineering , and medical fields . Toledo has over 100,000 living alumni and has a current enrollment of over 20,000 students . The university has over 300 student organizations and its athletic teams , called the Rockets , are members of the Mid-American Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Toledo , Ohio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toledo,_Ohio", "summary": "Toledo ( /təˈliːdoʊ/ ) is a city in and the county seat of Lucas County , Ohio , United States . Toledo is in northwest Ohio , at the western end of Lake Erie bordering the state of Michigan . The city was founded in 1833 on the west bank of the Maumee River , and originally incorporated as part of Monroe County , Michigan Territory . It was re-founded in 1837 , after conclusion of the Toledo War , when it was incorporated in Ohio . After the 1845 completion of the Miami and Erie Canal , Toledo grew quickly ; it also benefited from its position on the railway line between New York City and Chicago . The first of many glass manufacturers arrived in the 1880s , eventually earning Toledo its nickname : The Glass City . It has since become a city with an art community , auto assembly businesses , education , healthcare , and local sports teams . The population of Toledo as of the 2010 Census [ update ] was 287,128 making it the 71st-largest city in the United States . It is the fourth-most-populous city in the U.S. state of Ohio , after Columbus , Cleveland , and Cincinnati . The Toledo metropolitan area had a 2010 population of 608,145 , and was the sixth-largest metropolitan area in the state of Ohio , behind Cleveland , Columbus , Cincinnati , Dayton , and Akron ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Mu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Diego State University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Diego_State_University", "summary": "San Diego State University ( SDSU ) is a public research university in San Diego , California . Founded in 1897 as San Diego Normal School , it is the third-oldest university in the 23-member California State University ( CSU ) system . SDSU has a Fall 2019 student body of 35,081 and an alumni base of more than 300,000 . It is classified among Doctoral Universities : High Research Activity . In the 2015-16 fiscal year , the university obtained $ 130 million in public and private funding - a total of 707 awards - up from $ 120.6 million the previous fiscal year . As reported by the Faculty Scholarly Productivity Index released by the Academic Analytics organization of Stony Brook , New York , SDSU is the number one small research university in the United States in 2006 and 2007 . SDSU sponsors the second-highest number of Fulbright Scholars in the State of California , just behind UC Berkeley . Since 2005 , the university has produced over 65 Fulbright student scholars . The university generates over $ 2.4 billion annually for the San Diego economy , while 60 percent of SDSU graduates remain in San Diego , making SDSU a primary educator of the region 's work force . Committed to serving the diverse San Diego region , SDSU ranks among the top ten universities nationwide in terms of ethnic and racial diversity among its student body , as well as the number of bachelor 's degrees conferred upon minority students . San Diego State University consistently ranks in the top 500 universities in the world , and according to Forbes , is among the top 93rd percentile of public colleges in the United States . San Diego State University is a member of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , the American Association of State Colleges and Universities , and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities ." } ] }, { "value": "San Diego , California", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Diego,_California", "summary": "San Diego ( /ˌsæn diˈeɪɡoʊ/ , Spanish : [ san ˈdjeɣo ] ; Spanish for Saint Didacus ) is a city in the U.S. state of California on the coast of the Pacific Ocean , approximately 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of Los Angeles and immediately adjacent to the border with Mexico . With an estimated population of 1,425,976 as of July 1 , 2018 , San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California . It is part of the San Diego-Tijuana conurbation , the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the U.S. and a bordering country after Detroit-Windsor , with a population of 4,922,723 people . The city is known for its mild year-round climate , natural deep-water harbor , extensive beaches , long association with the United States Navy , and recent emergence as a healthcare and biotechnology development center . San Diego has been called the birthplace of California . Historically home to the Kumeyaay people , it was the first site visited by Europeans on what is now the West Coast of the United States . Upon landing in San Diego Bay in 1542 , Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo claimed the area for Spain , forming the basis for the settlement of Alta California 200 years later . The Presidio and Mission San Diego de Alcalá , founded in 1769 , formed the first European settlement in what is now California . In 1821 , San Diego became part of the newly declared Mexican Empire , which reformed as the First Mexican Republic two years later . California became part of the United States in 1848 following the Mexican-American War and was admitted to the union as a state in 1850 . The city is the seat of San Diego County and is the economic center of the region as well as the San Diego-Tijuana metropolitan area . San Diego 's main economic engines are military and defense-related activities , tourism , international trade , and manufacturing ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Nu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gary Alumnae Chapter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gary,_Indiana", "summary": "Gary is a city in Lake County , Indiana , United States , 25 miles ( 40 km ) from downtown Chicago , Illinois . Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park and borders southern Lake Michigan . Gary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary , who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation . The city is known for its large steel mills , and as the birthplace of the Jackson 5 music group . Once the second largest city in Indiana , the population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census , making it the ninth-largest city in the state of Indiana . It was a prosperous city from the 1920s through the mid-1960s due to its booming steel industry , but overseas competition and restructuring of the steel industry resulted in a decline and a severe loss of jobs . Since the late 1960s , Gary has suffered drastic population loss , falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960 . The city faces the difficulties of many Rust Belt cities , including unemployment , decaying infrastructure , and low literacy and educational attainment levels . It is estimated that nearly one-third of all houses in the city are unoccupied or abandoned ." } ] }, { "value": "Gary , Indiana", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gary,_Indiana", "summary": "Gary is a city in Lake County , Indiana , United States , 25 miles ( 40 km ) from downtown Chicago , Illinois . Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Park and borders southern Lake Michigan . Gary was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary , who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation . The city is known for its large steel mills , and as the birthplace of the Jackson 5 music group . Once the second largest city in Indiana , the population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census , making it the ninth-largest city in the state of Indiana . It was a prosperous city from the 1920s through the mid-1960s due to its booming steel industry , but overseas competition and restructuring of the steel industry resulted in a decline and a severe loss of jobs . Since the late 1960s , Gary has suffered drastic population loss , falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960 . The city faces the difficulties of many Rust Belt cities , including unemployment , decaying infrastructure , and low literacy and educational attainment levels . It is estimated that nearly one-third of all houses in the city are unoccupied or abandoned ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Omicron", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Corpus Christi , Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Corpus_Christi,_Texas", "summary": "Corpus Christi ( /ˌkɔːrpəs ˈkrɪsti/ ; Latin : Body of Christ ) , colloquially Corpus , is a coastal city in the South Texas region of the U.S. state of Texas . The county seat of Nueces County , it also extends into Aransas , Kleberg , and San Patricio Counties . It is 130 miles southeast of San Antonio . Its political boundaries encompass Nueces Bay and Corpus Christi Bay . Its zoned boundaries include small land parcels or water inlets of three neighboring counties . The city 's population was estimated to be 326,554 in 2018 , making it the eighth-most populous city in Texas . The Corpus Christi metropolitan area had an estimated population of 442,600 . It is also the hub of the six-county Corpus Christi-Kingsville-Alice Combined Statistical area , with a 2013 estimated population of 516,793 . The Port of Corpus Christi is the fifth-largest in the United States . The region is served by the Corpus Christi International Airport . The city 's name means body of Christ in Latin . The name was given to the settlement and surrounding bay by Spanish explorer Alonso Álvarez de Pineda in 1519 , as he discovered the lush semitropical bay on the Catholic feast day of Corpus Christi ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Pi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bluefield State College", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bluefield_State_College", "summary": "Bluefield State College is a historically black college in Bluefield , West Virginia . It is a part of West Virginia 's public education system and offers baccalaureate and associate degrees . It is the only non-residential four-year college in the state system . Bluefield State College is a member school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund . Even though it maintains its federal status as a historically black college , the student body at Bluefield State College is less than 13% black and over 80% white ." } ] }, { "value": "Bluefield , West Virginia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bluefield,_West_Virginia", "summary": "Bluefield is a city in Mercer County , West Virginia , United States . The population was 10,447 at the 2010 census . It is the core city of the Bluefield WV-VA micropolitan area , which has a population of 107,342 ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Rho", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Worth , Texas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas", "summary": "Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the U.S. state of Texas and the 13th-largest city in the United States . It is the county seat of Tarrant County , covering nearly 350 square miles ( 910 km2 ) into three other counties : Denton , Parker , and Wise . According to the 2018 census estimates , Fort Worth 's population was 898,919 . Fort Worth is the second-largest city in the Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington metropolitan area , which is the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the United States . The city of Fort Worth was established in 1849 as an army outpost on a bluff overlooking the Trinity River . Fort Worth has historically been a center of the longhorn cattle trade . It still embraces its Western heritage and traditional architecture and design . USS Fort Worth ( LCS-3 ) is the first ship of the United States Navy named after the city . Fort Worth is home to the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and several world-class museums designed by internationally known contemporary architects . The Kimbell Art Museum , considered to have one of the best art collections in Texas , is housed in what is widely regarded as one of the outstanding architectural achievements of the modern era . The museum was designed by the American architect Louis Kahn , with an addition designed by world-renowned Italian architect Renzo Piano opening November 2013 . Also of note is the Modern Art Museum of Fort Worth , designed by Tadao Ando ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Sigma", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washington , D.C. Alumnae Chapter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington,_D.C.", "summary": "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Washington , District of Columbia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington,_District_of_Columbia", "summary": "Washington , D.C. , ( /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən ˌdiːˈsiː/ ) formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as D.C. , Washington , or The District , is the capital of the United States . Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country , Washington was named after George Washington , the first president of the United States and a Founding Father . As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations , Washington is an important world political capital . The city , located on the Potomac River bordering Maryland and Virginia , is one of the most visited cities in the world , with more than 20 million tourists annually . The signing of the Residence Act on July 16 , 1790 , approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country 's East Coast . The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress , and the District is therefore not a part of any U.S. state . The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district , which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria . The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital . In 1846 , Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia , including the city of Alexandria ; in 1871 , it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District . Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018 [ update ] , making it the 20th most populous city in the United States . Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city 's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek . Washington 's metropolitan area , the country 's sixth largest ( including parts of Maryland , Virginia and West Virginia ) , had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Tau", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Milwaukee Alumnae Chapter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin", "summary": "Milwaukee ( /mɪlˈwɔːki/ , locally /mɪˈ-/ ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States . The seat of the eponymous county , it is on Lake Michigan 's western shore . Ranked by its estimated 2018 population , Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States . The city 's estimated population in 2018 was 594,511 . Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area which had a population of 2,043,904 in the 2014 census estimate . It is the third-most densely populated metropolitan area in The Midwest , surpassed only by Chicago and Detroit , respectively . Milwaukee is considered a Gamma global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network with a regional GDP of over $ 105 billion . The first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic Jesuit missionaries , who were ministering to Native Americans , and fur traders . In 1818 , the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area , and in 1846 , Juneau 's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the city of Milwaukee . Large numbers of German immigrants arrived during the late 1840s , after the German revolutions , with Poles and other eastern European immigrants arriving in the following decades . Milwaukee is known for its brewing traditions , begun with the German immigrants . Beginning in the early 21st century , the city has been undergoing its largest construction boom since the 1960s ." } ] }, { "value": "Milwaukee , Wisconsin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Milwaukee,_Wisconsin", "summary": "Milwaukee ( /mɪlˈwɔːki/ , locally /mɪˈ-/ ) is the largest city in the state of Wisconsin and the fifth-largest city in the Midwestern United States . The seat of the eponymous county , it is on Lake Michigan 's western shore . Ranked by its estimated 2018 population , Milwaukee was the 31st largest city in the United States . The city 's estimated population in 2018 was 594,511 . Milwaukee is the main cultural and economic center of the Milwaukee metropolitan area which had a population of 2,043,904 in the 2014 census estimate . It is the third-most densely populated metropolitan area in The Midwest , surpassed only by Chicago and Detroit , respectively . Milwaukee is considered a Gamma global city as categorized by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network with a regional GDP of over $ 105 billion . The first Europeans to pass through the area were French Catholic Jesuit missionaries , who were ministering to Native Americans , and fur traders . In 1818 , the French Canadian explorer Solomon Juneau settled in the area , and in 1846 , Juneau 's town combined with two neighboring towns to incorporate as the city of Milwaukee . Large numbers of German immigrants arrived during the late 1840s , after the German revolutions , with Poles and other eastern European immigrants arriving in the following decades . Milwaukee is known for its brewing traditions , begun with the German immigrants . Beginning in the early 21st century , the city has been undergoing its largest construction boom since the 1960s ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Upsilon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1939", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Langston University", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Langston_University", "summary": "Langston University ( LU ) is a public university in Langston , Oklahoma . It is the only historically black college in the state . Though located in a rural setting 10 miles ( 16 km ) east of Guthrie , Langston also serves an urban mission , with University Centers in both Tulsa ( at the same campus as the OSU-Tulsa facility ) and Oklahoma City , and a nursing program set to open in Ardmore . The university is a member-school of the Thurgood Marshall College Fund ." } ] }, { "value": "Langston , Oklahoma", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Langston,_Oklahoma", "summary": "Langston is a town in Logan County , Oklahoma , United States , and is part of the Oklahoma City Metropolitan Statistical Area . The population was 1,724 at the 2010 census , an increase of 3.2 percent from 1,670 at the 2000 census . Langston is home to Langston University , the only historically black college in Oklahoma ." } ] }, { "value": "Beta Phi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "February 18 , 1939", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denver Alumnae Chapter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denver,_Colorado", "summary": "Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/ ) , officially the City and County of Denver , is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado . Denver is located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 716,492 in 2018 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 19.38% increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest-growing major cities in the United States . The metropolitan city is located in the middle of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front with Cheyenne , Wyoming , to the north and Albuquerque , New Mexico , to the south , this rapidly growing region has a population of 5,467,633 , according to the 2010 United States Census . The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River , approximately 12 mi ( 19 km ) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains . Denver is named after James W. Denver , a governor of the Kansas Territory . It is nicknamed the Mile High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile ( 5280 feet or 1609.3 meters ) above sea level . The 105th meridian west of Greenwich , the longitudinal reference for the Mountain Time Zone , passes directly through Denver Union Station . Denver is ranked as a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 2,932,415 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area . The 12-city Denver-Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 3,572,798 and is the 15th most populous U.S. metropolitan area . Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2018 population of 4,976,781 ." } ] }, { "value": "Denver , Colorado", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denver,_Colorado", "summary": "Denver ( /ˈdɛnvər/ ) , officially the City and County of Denver , is the capital and most populous municipality of the U.S. state of Colorado . Denver is located in the South Platte River Valley on the western edge of the High Plains just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains . With an estimated population of 716,492 in 2018 , Denver is the 19th-most populous U.S. city , and with a 19.38% increase since the 2010 United States Census , it has been one of the fastest-growing major cities in the United States . The metropolitan city is located in the middle of the extensive Southern Rocky Mountain Front with Cheyenne , Wyoming , to the north and Albuquerque , New Mexico , to the south , this rapidly growing region has a population of 5,467,633 , according to the 2010 United States Census . The Denver downtown district is immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River , approximately 12 mi ( 19 km ) east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains . Denver is named after James W. Denver , a governor of the Kansas Territory . It is nicknamed the Mile High City because its official elevation is exactly one mile ( 5280 feet or 1609.3 meters ) above sea level . The 105th meridian west of Greenwich , the longitudinal reference for the Mountain Time Zone , passes directly through Denver Union Station . Denver is ranked as a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . The 10-county Denver-Aurora-Lakewood , CO Metropolitan Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 2,932,415 and is the 19th most populous U.S. metropolitan statistical area . The 12-city Denver-Aurora , CO Combined Statistical Area had an estimated 2018 population of 3,572,798 and is the 15th most populous U.S. metropolitan area . Denver is the most populous city of the 18-county Front Range Urban Corridor , an oblong urban region stretching across two states with an estimated 2018 population of 4,976,781 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Chapters Beginning With `` Beta ''", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Delta_Sigma_Theta_chapters_2", "intro": "Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. was founded on January 13, 1913 at Howard University, and began to expand its membership early on when it chartered Beta Chapter at Wilberforce University in 1914, Gamma Chapter at the University of Pennsylvania in 1918 and Delta Chapter at the University of Iowa in 1919. Delta Sigma Theta continues to Charter new chapters at both the Collegiate and Alumnae level. Individual Chapters are Chartered, not Founded, as only the Perpetual body was founded, and the founding occurred in 1913. Delta Sigma Theta has more than 940 Chapters located in the United States, England, Japan (Tokyo and Okinawa), Germany, the Virgin Islands, Liberia, Bermuda, Jamaica, The Bahamas, South Korea and Nigeria. The sorority's chapters are organized into seven regions and further sub-divided by state. While initially Alumnae / Graduate Chapters were named using the Greek Alphabet, the perpetual body of Delta Sigma Theta voted at the Twenty-Fourth National Convention, held in Detroit, Michigan on December 26-30, 1956, to abandon this practice. Following the vote, the Greek Letter names for the Alumnae Chapters are no longer in use or recognized by the Grand Chapter. Alumnae Chapters are instead named using their Geographic Location. This list includes Active, Inactive, Reassigned, and Retired undergraduate Chapters." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brabham_Cup", "title": "Brabham Cup", "header": [ "Year", "Winner", "Points", "Playoff result", "Cup #" ], "data": [ { "value": "1988-89", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1988–89_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1988-89 ECHL season was the inaugural season of the East Coast Hockey League . The leagues first season consisted of five teams in Erie , Pennsylvania , Johnstown , Pennsylvania , Knoxville , Tennessee , Vinton , Virginia and Winston-Salem , North Carolina . The 5 teams played 60 games each in the schedule . The Erie Panthers finished first overall in the regular season . The Carolina Thunderbirds won the first Riley Cup championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Erie Panthers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Erie_Panthers", "summary": "The Erie Panthers were a professional hockey team , and one of the founding members in the East Coast Hockey League . Based in Erie , Pennsylvania , from 1988 to 1996 , they were one of the most prolific teams in the ECHL . The Panthers were known for their ability to score goals quickly and often , as well as for the over-aggressive style of play that led to an abundance of fights . They currently hold records in 15 different categories in the ECHL and are in the top 5 of 38 different categories ." } ] }, { "value": "77", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Semifinals ( CAR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wheeling_Nailers", "summary": "The Wheeling Nailers are an ECHL ice hockey team based in Wheeling , West Virginia . They are the ECHL affiliate of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL and the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the AHL . The Nailers are the oldest surviving minor league franchise below the level of the American Hockey League , with unbroken continuity of franchise and never having missed a season of play ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1989-90", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1989–90_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1989-90 ECHL season was the second season of the ECHL . The league brought back all five teams from the inaugural season and added three more franchises in Greensboro , North Carolina , Nashville , Tennessee , and Norfolk , Virginia . Before the season began , the Carolina Thunderbirds changed their name to the Winston-Salem Thunderbirds . The eight teams played sixty games in the schedule , unchanged from the total games played in the inaugural 1988-89 ECHL season . The Winston-Salem Thunderbirds finished first overall in the regular season . The Greensboro Monarchs won their first Riley Cup championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Winston-Salem Thunderbirds", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carolina_Thunderbirds", "summary": "The Carolina Thunderbirds were a professional ice hockey team located in Winston-Salem , North Carolina , United States . The Thunderbirds played their home games at the old Winston-Salem Memorial Coliseum before the arena was demolished in 1989 . The team played in the Atlantic Coast Hockey League from 1981 to 1987 , the All-American Hockey League during 1987-88 and finally moved into the newly created East Coast Hockey League in 1988 . The Carolina Thunderbirds were one of five teams that played during the inaugural season of East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) . The Thunderbirds won the first ever ECHL championship and were awarded the Riley Cup for the 1988-89 ECHL season . The team changed its name to the Winston-Salem Thunderbirds before the start of 1989-90 season and the team remained in the ECHL until the end of the 1991-92 season when it was announced by co-owner Ed Broyhill that Winston-Salem would move to West Virginia to play as the Wheeling Thunderbirds ." } ] }, { "value": "82", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Riley Cup Finals ( GRE )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greensboro_Monarchs", "summary": "The Greensboro Monarchs were a professional ice hockey team based in Greensboro , North Carolina . The Monarchs joined the East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) as an expansion franchise prior to the start of the 1989-90 season and surrendered the franchise back to the league when the Monarchs ownership obtained an expansion franchise in the American Hockey League ( AHL ) at the conclusion of the 1994-95 ECHL season ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1990-91", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1990–91_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1990-91 ECHL season was the third season of the ECHL . In 1990 , the league welcomed three new franchises : Cincinnati Cyclones , Louisville Icehawks , and Richmond Renegades . The Virginia Lancers franchise was renamed the Roanoke Valley Rebels . The eleven teams played 64 games in the schedule . The Knoxville Cherokees finished first overall in the regular season . The Hampton Roads Admirals won their first Riley Cup championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Knoxville Cherokees", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Knoxville_Cherokees", "summary": "The Knoxville Cherokees were an East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) team based in Knoxville , Tennessee ." } ] }, { "value": "97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Division Semifinals ( LOU )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisville_Icehawks", "summary": "The Louisville Icehawks were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League . The team , based in Louisville , Kentucky , played from 1990 to 1994 . Their home venue was Broadbent Arena at the Kentucky Exposition Center . The mascot was called Tommy Hawk , a play on tomahawk , and resembled The San Diego Chicken , but with coloration and costume matching the team 's . Tommy Hawk was banned from the inside portion of the arena for a period of time , due to an altercation with a visiting player who was in the penalty box . In the 1995-96 season , the team was renamed and moved to Florida to become the Jacksonville Lizard Kings . For a period of time the Louisville Icehawk 's parent team/NHL Affiliate were the Pittsburgh Penguins . Trevor Buchanan was a player for the Icehawks that spent a great deal of time in the penalty box , thus spawning his own fan club ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991-92", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1991–92_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1991-92 ECHL season was the fourth season of the ECHL . In 1991 , the league welcomed four new franchises : the Columbus Chill , Dayton Bombers , Raleigh Icecaps , and Toledo Storm . The fifteen teams played 64 games in the schedule . The Toledo Storm finished first overall in the regular season . The Hampton Roads Admirals won their second straight Riley Cup championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Toledo Storm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toledo_Storm", "summary": "The Toledo Storm were a minor league professional ice hockey team in the ECHL from 1991 to 2007 . The Storm played their home games at the venerable Toledo Sports Arena along the eastern banks of the Maumee River in Toledo , Ohio . The team colors were red and white , similar to the Detroit Red Wings , their NHL affiliate for fourteen of their sixteen seasons . The Storm would win six division titles , two Henry Brabham Cups and two Jack Riley Cups as champion of the East Coast Hockey League . The franchise suspended operations following the 2006-07 season after they were sold to Toledo Arena Sports , Inc . The Storm returned to the ECHL for the 2009-10 season as the Toledo Walleye . The Storm 's logo was notorious for poor appearance , and was voted Worst Logo in The Hockey News annual survey of minor league hockey logos several times ." } ] }, { "value": "95", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Division 1st Round ( LOU )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisville_Icehawks", "summary": "The Louisville Icehawks were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League . The team , based in Louisville , Kentucky , played from 1990 to 1994 . Their home venue was Broadbent Arena at the Kentucky Exposition Center . The mascot was called Tommy Hawk , a play on tomahawk , and resembled The San Diego Chicken , but with coloration and costume matching the team 's . Tommy Hawk was banned from the inside portion of the arena for a period of time , due to an altercation with a visiting player who was in the penalty box . In the 1995-96 season , the team was renamed and moved to Florida to become the Jacksonville Lizard Kings . For a period of time the Louisville Icehawk 's parent team/NHL Affiliate were the Pittsburgh Penguins . Trevor Buchanan was a player for the Icehawks that spent a great deal of time in the penalty box , thus spawning his own fan club ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992-93", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992–93_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1992-93 ECHL season was the fifth season of the ECHL . In 1992 , the league saw numerous changes in team membership . The Winston-Salem Thunderbirds move to Wheeling , WV , becoming the first franchise to make a major relocation , the Roanoke Valley Rebels announced that they were changing their name to the Roanoke Valley Rampage , and the Cincinnati Cyclones announced that they were moving to the International Hockey League and were being replaced with a franchise in Birmingham , AL . The fifteen teams played 64 games in the schedule . The Wheeling Thunderbirds finished first overall in the regular season . The Toledo Storm won their first Riley Cup championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Wheeling Thunderbirds", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wheeling_Nailers", "summary": "The Wheeling Nailers are an ECHL ice hockey team based in Wheeling , West Virginia . They are the ECHL affiliate of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL and the Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins of the AHL . The Nailers are the oldest surviving minor league franchise below the level of the American Hockey League , with unbroken continuity of franchise and never having missed a season of play ." } ] }, { "value": "88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Riley Cup Finals ( TOL )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toledo_Storm", "summary": "The Toledo Storm were a minor league professional ice hockey team in the ECHL from 1991 to 2007 . The Storm played their home games at the venerable Toledo Sports Arena along the eastern banks of the Maumee River in Toledo , Ohio . The team colors were red and white , similar to the Detroit Red Wings , their NHL affiliate for fourteen of their sixteen seasons . The Storm would win six division titles , two Henry Brabham Cups and two Jack Riley Cups as champion of the East Coast Hockey League . The franchise suspended operations following the 2006-07 season after they were sold to Toledo Arena Sports , Inc . The Storm returned to the ECHL for the 2009-10 season as the Toledo Walleye . The Storm 's logo was notorious for poor appearance , and was voted Worst Logo in The Hockey News annual survey of minor league hockey logos several times ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1993-94", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993–94_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1993-94 ECHL season was the sixth season of the ECHL . In 1993 , the league saw the Roanoke Valley Rampage move to Huntsville , AL becoming the Huntsville Blast , as well as an expansion to three new markets : Charlotte , NC , North Charleston , SC , and Huntington , WV and returned to the Roanoke Valley with the Roanoke Express . The 19 teams played 68 games in the schedule . The Knoxville Cherokees finished first overall in the regular season . The Toledo Storm won their second straight Riley Cup Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "Knoxville Cherokees", "urls": [] }, { "value": "94", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1st Round ( LOU )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisville_Icehawks", "summary": "The Louisville Icehawks were a professional ice hockey team competing in the East Coast Hockey League . The team , based in Louisville , Kentucky , played from 1990 to 1994 . Their home venue was Broadbent Arena at the Kentucky Exposition Center . The mascot was called Tommy Hawk , a play on tomahawk , and resembled The San Diego Chicken , but with coloration and costume matching the team 's . Tommy Hawk was banned from the inside portion of the arena for a period of time , due to an altercation with a visiting player who was in the penalty box . In the 1995-96 season , the team was renamed and moved to Florida to become the Jacksonville Lizard Kings . For a period of time the Louisville Icehawk 's parent team/NHL Affiliate were the Pittsburgh Penguins . Trevor Buchanan was a player for the Icehawks that spent a great deal of time in the penalty box , thus spawning his own fan club ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994-95", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994–95_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1994-95 ECHL season was the seventh season of the ECHL . Before the season started , the Huntsville Blast moved their operations from Huntsville , AL to Tallahassee , FL and became the Tallahassee Tiger Sharks and the Louisville IceHawks suspended operations . The Wheeling Thunderbirds finished first overall in the regular season and the Richmond Renegades won their first Riley Cup , defeating the Greensboro Monarchs four games to one ." } ] }, { "value": "Wheeling Thunderbirds", "urls": [] }, { "value": "97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost 1st Round ( BIR )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Birmingham_Bulls_(ECHL)", "summary": "The Birmingham Bulls were a minor professional ice hockey team in the East Coast Hockey League from 1992 to 2001 . Their home arena was the Birmingham Jefferson Convention Center . The team moved to Atlantic City , New Jersey and was renamed the Atlantic City Boardwalk Bullies in 2001 . After the 2005 season , the franchise was sold to a California investor group and became the Stockton Thunder , affiliated with the Edmonton Oilers of the NHL . On February 20 , 2017 , former Bulls ' owner Art Clarkson was approved by the Pelham City Council to bring another Bulls team back to play in the Southern Professional Hockey League ( SPHL ) for the 2017-18 season and were approved by the SPHL on April 25 , 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1995-96", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1995–96_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1995-96 ECHL season was the eighth season of the ECHL . Before the season started , the Greensboro Monarchs franchise moved up to the American Hockey League and became the Carolina Monarchs . The league saw the addition of four new teams for the 1995-96 season , which included the relocation of the Louisville IceHawks to Jacksonville , FL and expansion franchises in Laffayette , LA and Mobile , AL , as well as a return to Louisville , KY , bringing the number of teams in the league to twenty-one . With the increase in the number of teams the league decided to increase the number of games played in the regular season from 68 to 70 . The Richmond Renegades finished first overall in the regular season , winning the Brabham Cup and the Charlotte Checkers won their first Riley Cup sweeping the Jacksonville Lizard Kings in four games ." } ] }, { "value": "Richmond Renegades", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richmond_Renegades_(ECHL)", "summary": "The Richmond Renegades were an ECHL ice hockey team in Richmond , Virginia that played in the East Coast Hockey League from 1990 until 2003 . The Renegades played at the Richmond Coliseum , which they marketed in later years as the Freezer . The Renegades folded in 2003 , but were succeeded by the Richmond RiverDogs of the United Hockey League ." } ] }, { "value": "105", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Riley Cup Quarterfinals ( JAX )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacksonville_Lizard_Kings", "summary": "Jacksonville Lizard Kings were a professional ice hockey team based in Jacksonville , Florida . Formerly known as the Louisville Icehawks , they played in the East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) from 1995-2000 . They played their home games in the Jacksonville Coliseum ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1996-97", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1996–97_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1996-97 ECHL season was the ninth season of the ECHL . Before the start of the season , two franchises relocated , one was renamed , and two expansion franchises were founded . Founding member Erie Panthers moved to Baton Rouge , LA and the Nashville Knights moved to Pensacola , FL , the Wheeling Thunderbirds changed their name to the Wheeling Nailers following a lawsuit with WHL 's Seattle Thunderbirds , and the ECHL welcomed franchises in Peoria , IL and Biloxi , MS . In 1996 , the ECHL Board of Governors decided to retire the Jack Riley Cup and create a new trophy , the Patrick J. Kelly Cup , named after founding father and former ECHL commissioner , Patrick J. Kelly . The league also created a new individual award , the Sportsmanship Award , to be awarded to the player adjudged to have exhibited the best type of sportsmanship and gentlemanly conduct combined with a high standard of playing ability as voted by the coaches of each of the ECHL teams . The South Carolina Stingrays finished first overall in the season and became the first team in ECHL history to win the Brabham and Kelly Cups in the same year as they defeated the Louisiana IceGators 4 games to 1 ." } ] }, { "value": "South Carolina Stingrays", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Carolina_Stingrays", "summary": "The South Carolina Stingrays are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in North Charleston , South Carolina . The Stingrays play in the South Division of the ECHL 's Eastern Conference . They play their home games at the North Charleston Coliseum . The Carolina Ice Palace , also located in North Charleston , serves as a practice facility and backup arena for the Stingrays . Established in 1993 , the team has been owned by a conglomerate of local business owners since 1995 . The team was affiliated with the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League and the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League starting in 2004 and ending in July 2012 when the Capitals announced their affiliation with the ECHL 's Reading Royals . On June 26 , 2014 , the Washington Capitals announced an affiliation agreement with the Stingrays for the 2014-15 season . The Stingrays are the first professional ice hockey team established in the state of South Carolina . With the relocation of the Johnstown Chiefs to Greenville , South Carolina in 2010 , the Stingrays became the oldest continuously operational ECHL franchise to remain in its founding city ( the Wheeling Nailers have been in Wheeling since 1992 but are a relocated franchise ) . The Stingrays have finished with the best record in the ECHL once , and qualified for the playoffs for every season except one . With Kelly Cup championships in 1997 , 2001 and 2009 , the Stingrays are tied with the Hampton Roads Admirals and the Alaska Aces for the record for most league championships . Over thirty former Stingrays ' players have gone on to play in the National Hockey League with three winning the Stanley Cup , Rich Peverley with the Boston Bruins in 2011 , Braden Holtby , and Philipp Grubauer with the Washington Capitals in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "100", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Kelly Cup", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997-98", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1997–98_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1997-98 ECHL season was the tenth season of the ECHL . Before the start of the season , the league saw the Knoxville Cherokees move to Florence , SC and welcomed expansion teams in New Orleans , LA and Upper Marlboro , MD . The Louisiana IceGators finished the regular season first overall and the Hampton Roads Admirals won their record setting third overall ECHL championship ( 1st Kelly Cup ) , defeating the Pensacola Ice Pilots 4 games to 2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Louisiana IceGators", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisiana_IceGators_(ECHL)", "summary": "The Louisiana IceGators were an ECHL team based in Lafayette , Louisiana , from 1995 until the end of the 2004-05 season . The team played its home games at the Cajundome and were last an affiliate of the NHL Minnesota Wild and the AHL Houston Aeros ." } ] }, { "value": "96", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Kelly Cup Semifinals ( PEN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pensacola_Ice_Pilots", "summary": "The Pensacola Ice Pilots was a minor league ice hockey team located in Pensacola , Florida . The team was previously affiliated with the Tampa Bay Lightning , Toronto Maple Leafs , New York Islanders ( 2006-07 ) , and the Chicago Blackhawks . They have also had a working agreement with the Houston Aeros of the AHL for the 04-05 season . On June 23 , 2008 , the ECHL announced that it had terminated the Ice Pilots ' membership , effective immediately . The team 's colors ( navy blue and gold ) and nickname were a tribute to the long history of Naval aviation in Pensacola ( Naval Air Station Pensacola is home to the legendary Blue Angels and the National Museum of Naval Aviation ) . The home of the Pensacola Ice Pilots was the Pensacola Civic Center , which was referred to as The Hangar , and has a capacity of 8,150 . The Ice Pilots were formerly the Nashville Knights but moved to Pensacola following the 1995-96 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998-99", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1998–99_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1998-99 ECHL season was the 11th season of the ECHL . Before the start of the season , the league saw the Louisville RiverFrogs move to Miami , FL and the Raleigh Icecaps move to Augusta , GA as well as welcoming two new franchises in Estero , FL and Greenville , SC . The Pee Dee Pride finished first overall in the regular season , winning the Brabham Cup and the Mississippi Sea Wolves won their first Kelly Cup defeating the Richmond Renegades four games to three ." } ] }, { "value": "Pee Dee Pride", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pee_Dee_Pride", "summary": "The Pee Dee Pride , known as the Florence Pride for the 2003-04 ECHL season , are a defunct minor-league professional hockey team that was based in Florence , South Carolina , where they played in the East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) from 1997 until 2005 . The team came to Florence as a relocation of the Knoxville Cherokees , one of the five charter members of the ECHL which was originally housed in Knoxville , Tennessee . The Pride played at the Florence Civic Center , which seats 7,426 fans . The name of the organization comes from the region of South Carolina in which Florence is located , known as the Pee Dee region . The team 's mascot was Paws the Lion . The organization never won the Kelly Cup , the ECHL championship trophy . However , the Pride were previous winners of the Palmetto Cup for best team in South Carolina , and the Brabham Cup for best regular season record . In-state rivals of the Pride included the South Carolina Stingrays , the Greenville Grrrowl , and the Columbia Inferno . After the 2004-05 season , the team moved to Myrtle Beach as the Myrtle Beach Thunderboltz . However , construction on a planned 7,000-seat arena on the campus of Coastal Carolina University stalled . Finally , at the ECHL league meetings in June 2009 , the franchise was returned to the league , ending its lineage ." } ] }, { "value": "106", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Conference Finals ( MIS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mississippi_Sea_Wolves", "summary": "The Mississippi Sea Wolves were a professional hockey team based in Biloxi , Mississippi , and played in the Mississippi Coast Coliseum . The Sea Wolves were members of the ECHL . The Sea Wolves were founded in 1996 and had considerable success over their 10 seasons in the ECHL . They reached the playoffs in five of their first seven years and a league championship in 1999 , when they defeated the Richmond Renegades in a best of seven series to claim the Kelly Cup . Damages from Hurricane Katrina to the Mississippi Coast Coliseum forced the team to suspend operations for the 2005-06 and 2006-07 seasons under the ECHL 's hardship provisions.Hurricane Katrina resulted in extensive damage to the teams home arena , including flood damage to team offices and locker rooms as well as the ice-making equipment and two Zambonis . During the 2006-07 ECHL All-Star Game , the league officially confirmed the Sea Wolves would return in 2007-08 . On March 30 , 2009 , the Sea Wolves announced that the organization would be suspending operations again for the 2009-10 season , but a little more than a month later the team 's management announced that professional hockey would continue to be played on the Mississippi Gulf Coast in the form of the Mississippi Surge in the Southern Professional Hockey League . The Surge played at the Coast Coliseum from the 2009-10 season through 2013-14 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1999-00", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1999–2000_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 1999-2000 ECHL season was the 12th season of the ECHL . Before the start of the season , the Miami Matadors and Columbus Chill suspended operations , the Chesapeake Icebreakers , who originally suspended operations , moved to Jackson , Mississippi . The league also welcomed expansion franchises in North Little Rock , Arkansas and Trenton , New Jersey , as well as welcoming back a franchise in the former market of Greensboro , North Carolina . The New Orleans Brass moved into the New New Orleans Arena . The league also created a new individual award , the Plus Performer Award , to be awarded to the player who leads the league in plus-minus rating at the end of the regular season . The Florida Everblades finished first overall in the regular season , winning the Brabham Cup and the Peoria Rivermen won their first Kelly Cup , defeating the Louisiana IceGators four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Florida Everblades", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Florida_Everblades", "summary": "The Florida Everblades are a minor league ice hockey team based in Estero , Florida ; near Fort Myers . They play in the ECHL and are affiliated with the Nashville Predators of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) and the Milwaukee Admirals of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) as of the 2019-20 season . Their home games are played at Hertz Arena . The Everblades were founded in 1998 . They play in the South Division of the Eastern Conference in the ECHL . They have only missed the playoffs once in team history ( 2013-14 ) , and have made four appearances in the Kelly Cup finals , winning in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "108", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Conference Quarterfinals ( AUG )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Augusta_Lynx", "summary": "The Augusta Lynx were a minor-league professional ice hockey team based in Augusta , Georgia . The Lynx played their home games at the James Brown Arena . The Lynx , who played in the ECHL , had affiliations with the Tampa Bay Lightning of the NHL and the Norfolk Admirals of the AHL . The team was named for The Masters golf tournament held annually in Augusta , with the Lynx name a play on the golf term hitting the links . The Lynx folded midway through the 2008-09 season on December 2 , 2008 , when it was announced that they were suspending operations and voluntarily relinquishing their league membership ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000-01", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000–01_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2000-01 ECHL season was the 13th season of the ECHL . Before the season , the league lost three members as the Huntington Blizzard and the Jacksonville Lizard Kings ceased operations and the powerhouse Hampton Roads Admirals were replaced by the Norfolk Admirals in the American Hockey League , the league also decided to expand the regular season to 72 games . The Trenton Titans finished first overall in the regular season , and the South Carolina Stingrays won their second Kelly Cup defeating the Trenton Titans four games to one ." } ] }, { "value": "Trenton Titans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trenton_Titans", "summary": "The Trenton Titans were a professional minor league ice hockey team that played in the ECHL . The team last played in the Atlantic Division of the ECHL 's Eastern Conference . The Titans played their home games at the Sun National Bank Center in Trenton , New Jersey . Established in 1999 , the team was owned by Delaware Valley Sports Group LLC , a local ownership group . They were most recently the ECHL affiliate of the NHL 's Philadelphia Flyers and the AHL 's Adirondack Phantoms . The Titans finished with the best record in the ECHL once in 2002 , and qualified for the playoffs for eight out of their fourteen seasons . They won the league 's Kelly Cup championship in 2005 . The team was owned by the New Jersey Devils from 2006 to 2011 , but remained an affiliate of the Flyers under the Titans name for the 2006-07 ECHL season . Renamed the Trenton Devils , the team was affiliated with the New Jersey Devils starting from the 2007-08 ECHL season . After the team was sold in 2011 , the team reverted to the Titans moniker and affiliation with the Flyers for the 2011-12 ECHL season . The ECHL announced on April 23 , 2013 that the Titans have ceased operations and that all players are considered unrestricted free agents , effective immediately ." } ] }, { "value": "104", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Kelly Cup Finals ( SC )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Carolina_Stingrays", "summary": "The South Carolina Stingrays are a professional minor league ice hockey team based in North Charleston , South Carolina . The Stingrays play in the South Division of the ECHL 's Eastern Conference . They play their home games at the North Charleston Coliseum . The Carolina Ice Palace , also located in North Charleston , serves as a practice facility and backup arena for the Stingrays . Established in 1993 , the team has been owned by a conglomerate of local business owners since 1995 . The team was affiliated with the Washington Capitals of the National Hockey League and the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League starting in 2004 and ending in July 2012 when the Capitals announced their affiliation with the ECHL 's Reading Royals . On June 26 , 2014 , the Washington Capitals announced an affiliation agreement with the Stingrays for the 2014-15 season . The Stingrays are the first professional ice hockey team established in the state of South Carolina . With the relocation of the Johnstown Chiefs to Greenville , South Carolina in 2010 , the Stingrays became the oldest continuously operational ECHL franchise to remain in its founding city ( the Wheeling Nailers have been in Wheeling since 1992 but are a relocated franchise ) . The Stingrays have finished with the best record in the ECHL once , and qualified for the playoffs for every season except one . With Kelly Cup championships in 1997 , 2001 and 2009 , the Stingrays are tied with the Hampton Roads Admirals and the Alaska Aces for the record for most league championships . Over thirty former Stingrays ' players have gone on to play in the National Hockey League with three winning the Stanley Cup , Rich Peverley with the Boston Bruins in 2011 , Braden Holtby , and Philipp Grubauer with the Washington Capitals in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001-02", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2001–02_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2001-02 ECHL season was the 14th season of the East Coast Hockey League . Before the start of the season , the league saw one expansion franchise and five relocations , three of which were through the buying of the franchise rights of former clubs that had ceased operations . These relocations include the rights to the Columbus Chill moving to Reading , PA , the rights to the Hampton Roads Admirals moving to Columbus , GA , and the rights to the Miami Matadors relocating to the former ECHL market of Cincinnati , OH . The league also saw current franchises Birmingham Bulls move to Atlantic City , NJ and Tallahassee Tiger Sharks move to Macon , GA . The league also welcomed its fourth franchise from the state of South Carolina with an expansion franchise in the state 's capital of Columbia , SC . The Louisiana IceGators finished first overall in the regular season , winning the Brabham Cup with the best record in league history . The Greenville Grrrowl won their first Kelly Cup sweeping the Dayton Bombers in four games . During the opening weekend of the ECHL season , the league had a moment of silence for former South Carolina Stingrays player Mark Bavis , who had been killed in the September 11 terrorist attacks . Ryan Brindley , who was wearing # 12 for the Stingrays in the previous season , changed to # 55 after the team retired the number that Bavis had worn during his two seasons ( 1994-96 ) with the Stingrays ." } ] }, { "value": "Louisiana IceGators", "urls": [] }, { "value": "116", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Division Semifinals ( JAC )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jackson_Bandits", "summary": "The Jackson Bandits were a minor league professional ice hockey team and member of the East Coast Hockey League ( ECHL ) . The Bandits played at the Mississippi Coliseum in Jackson , Mississippi between the 1999 and 2003 . Previously the franchise played as the Chesapeake Icebreakers in Upper Marlboro , Maryland prior to their relocation following the 1998-99 season . After being purchased in 1999 by a company called Mississippi Indoor Sports headed by majority owners and Mississippi businessmen Bernie Ebbers , the then MCI WorldCom president and CEO , and J.L . Holloway , the then president and CEO of Friede-Goldman International , the franchise was moved to Jackson , Mississippi , and began playing home games at the Mississippi Coliseum . The team was renamed the Jackson Bandits in reference to outlaws famous for robbing wealthy travelers along the Natchez Trace in the 19th century . Derek Clancey , a former Chesapeake Icebreakers ' star and eight-year veteran minor-league player , was named head coach and director of hockey operations , positions he would hold during the franchise 's entire existence in Jackson . Ebbers ' interest in the Bandits was bought out by local businessmen/investors in 2002 , shortly after his resignation as President/CEO of WorldCom . The new ownership group included Holloway , Brian Fenelon , Billy Mounger III , and Isaac Byrd . After declining attendance and unsuccessful attempts to get a new arena built , the Bandits ceased operations in 2003 after the ECHL denied the team 's request to suspend operations for a year ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002-03", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2002–03_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2002-03 ECHL season was the 15th season of the East Coast Hockey League . The Brabham Cup regular season champions were the Toledo Storm and the Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Atlantic City Boardwalk Bullies ." } ] }, { "value": "Toledo Storm", "urls": [] }, { "value": "104", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Division Finals ( CIN )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cincinnati_Cyclones", "summary": "The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional ice hockey team based in Cincinnati , Ohio . The team is a member of the ECHL . Originally established in 1990 , the team first played their games in the Cincinnati Gardens and now play at Heritage Bank Center . The Cyclones are a minor league affiliate of the Buffalo Sabres ( National Hockey League ) and the Rochester Americans ( American Hockey League ) . Cincinnati has fielded Cyclones teams with three separate franchises in two different leagues : the International Hockey League ( 1992-2001 ) and the ECHL ( 1990-1992 , 2001-2004 , 2006-present ) . Together , the franchises have combined to win two Kelly Cups ( 2008 and 2010 ) , three conference championships ( 2008 , 2010 and 2014 ) , two overall points championships ( 2008 and 2019 ) , and five division championships ( 1996 , 2008 , 2009 , 2013 and 2019 ) . In 2007-08 , the team had the most successful season in ECHL history with 55 wins , 115 points , and its first conference and league championships ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003-04", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2003–04_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2003-04 ECHL season was the 16th season of the ECHL . This was the first season that the league would be known as only the ECHL instead of East Coast Hockey League after the absorption of the former West Coast Hockey League teams . The Brabham Cup regular season champions were the San Diego Gulls and the Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Idaho Steelheads ." } ] }, { "value": "San Diego Gulls", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Diego_Gulls_(1995–2006)", "summary": "The San Diego Gulls were a professional ice hockey team in the West Coast Hockey League ( WCHL ) and later in the ECHL . The team , the third to use the Gulls nickname , was founded in 1995 immediately upon the departure of the IHL team of the same name . The Gulls played at the San Diego Sports Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "108", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Division Semifinals ( AK )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alaska_Aces_(ECHL)", "summary": "The Alaska Aces , known as the Anchorage Aces until 2003 , were a minor league ice hockey team in Anchorage , Alaska . Home games were played at Sullivan Arena in Anchorage . The Aces won three Kelly Cup championships , with their last championship following the 2013-14 ECHL season . The Aces were formed as a semi-professional team in the Pacific Southwest Hockey League ( PSHL ) in 1989 and became a charter member of the professional West Coast Hockey League ( WCHL ) in 1995 . When the WCHL was absorbed by the East Coast Hockey League in 2003 , the team joined the merged ECHL . The Aces official team mascot was a polar bear named Boomer . Aces fans were known for using small , ceremonial cow bells painted with the Aces insignia to show their support during games . In 2017 , the ownership group announced that the 2016-17 season would be the team 's last , after which the franchise would cease operations . The owners cited the struggling Alaskan economy , and sagging ticket sales among the reasons for the club 's financial downfall . In June 2017 , the franchise was sold and relocated to Portland , Maine , for the 2018-19 season ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004-05", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004–05_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2004-05 ECHL season was the 17th season of the ECHL . The Brabham Cup regular season champions were the Pensacola Ice Pilots and the Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Trenton Titans . During this season , the National Hockey League cancelled its season due to the player lockout . This led to many players who would normally be in the American Hockey League pushed out of roster spots by the younger NHL players back into the ECHL . Some NHL players also found work in the ECHL , some as a way to return to their hometowns ( or their wives ' ) , and others to give back to the league which gave them a start . Scott Gomez chose to return home to his Anchorage roots and played for the Alaska Aces . Curtis Brown played for his wife 's hometown in San Diego . Jeremy Stevenson , who played his first professional season with Greensboro ten years before , returned to the Carolinas with the South Carolina Stingrays . Stevenson 's NHL teammate Shane Hnidy , who played 21 games with the former Baton Rouge Kingfish as a rookie , returned to the South playing for the Florida Everblades . Hnidy and Stevenson would find themselves playing against each other in the first round of the Kelly Cup Playoffs . Bates Battaglia joined his younger brother Anthony on the Mississippi Sea Wolves of the ECHL ." } ] }, { "value": "Pensacola Ice Pilots", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pensacola_Ice_Pilots", "summary": "The Pensacola Ice Pilots was a minor league ice hockey team located in Pensacola , Florida . The team was previously affiliated with the Tampa Bay Lightning , Toronto Maple Leafs , New York Islanders ( 2006-07 ) , and the Chicago Blackhawks . They have also had a working agreement with the Houston Aeros of the AHL for the 04-05 season . On June 23 , 2008 , the ECHL announced that it had terminated the Ice Pilots ' membership , effective immediately . The team 's colors ( navy blue and gold ) and nickname were a tribute to the long history of Naval aviation in Pensacola ( Naval Air Station Pensacola is home to the legendary Blue Angels and the National Museum of Naval Aviation ) . The home of the Pensacola Ice Pilots was the Pensacola Civic Center , which was referred to as The Hangar , and has a capacity of 8,150 . The Ice Pilots were formerly the Nashville Knights but moved to Pensacola following the 1995-96 season ." } ] }, { "value": "107", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Conference Quarterfinals ( GVL )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greenville_Grrrowl", "summary": "The Greenville Grrrowl were an ECHL hockey team located in Greenville , South Carolina . They played their home games at the BI-LO Center . In the 2001-02 season , they won the Kelly Cup . The Grrrowl 's initial season was 1998-99 , with former Chicago Blackhawks defensive star John Marks as their coach . He remained their only coach from 1998 to 2006 . They were an affiliate of the AHL Norfolk Admirals , and an affiliate of the NHL Chicago Blackhawks and the Edmonton Oilers . The team announced that it was folding on June 2 , 2006 , after running a US $ 1,000,000 deficit during 2005 that left the team unable to attract new investors . They began losing money after attendance slid from 7,000 per game in their first season to just 2,100 in 2004-05 . On June 15 the BI-LO Center announced they were willing to pay $ 350,000 to keep the team afloat , hoping to entice developers to save the team . Despite the offer , the Greenville Grrrowl ceased operations on July 10 , 2006 when the team failed to find new sources of financing . According to Grrrowl president Ed Rubinstein , the team only plans to refund some percentage of money already paid by season ticket holders . Hockey returned to Greenville after a four-year absence when the Johnstown Chiefs relocated and became the Greenville Road Warriors in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005-06", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2005–06_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2005-06 ECHL season is the 18th season of the ECHL , a professional ice-hockey league based in the United States . The season ran from late October 2005 to early June 2006 . The Brabham Cup regular season champions and Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Alaska Aces ." } ] }, { "value": "Alaska Aces", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alaska_Aces_(ECHL)", "summary": "The Alaska Aces , known as the Anchorage Aces until 2003 , were a minor league ice hockey team in Anchorage , Alaska . Home games were played at Sullivan Arena in Anchorage . The Aces won three Kelly Cup championships , with their last championship following the 2013-14 ECHL season . The Aces were formed as a semi-professional team in the Pacific Southwest Hockey League ( PSHL ) in 1989 and became a charter member of the professional West Coast Hockey League ( WCHL ) in 1995 . When the WCHL was absorbed by the East Coast Hockey League in 2003 , the team joined the merged ECHL . The Aces official team mascot was a polar bear named Boomer . Aces fans were known for using small , ceremonial cow bells painted with the Aces insignia to show their support during games . In 2017 , the ownership group announced that the 2016-17 season would be the team 's last , after which the franchise would cease operations . The owners cited the struggling Alaskan economy , and sagging ticket sales among the reasons for the club 's financial downfall . In June 2017 , the franchise was sold and relocated to Portland , Maine , for the 2018-19 season ." } ] }, { "value": "113", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Kelly Cup", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006-07", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2006–07_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2006-07 ECHL season was the 19th season of the ECHL . The league had 25 teams for 2006-07 . The Brabham Cup regular season champions were the Las Vegas Wranglers and the Kelly Cup playoff champions were the Idaho Steelheads ." } ] }, { "value": "Las Vegas Wranglers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Las_Vegas_Wranglers", "summary": "The Las Vegas Wranglers were a professional ice hockey team based in Las Vegas Valley . The Wranglers were members of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference of the ECHL ( formerly the East Coast Hockey League ) . The Wranglers were founded as an expansion franchise in 2003 following the ECHL 's takeover of the West Coast Hockey League . In May 2014 , the team suspended operations for the 2014-15 ECHL season , allowing it time to secure a new home arena . In 2015 , the team withdrew from the ECHL after being unable to find a home arena for the 2015-16 season . The Wranglers won many accolades over their time in the league . They have the highest winning percentage in ECHL history and hold six other ECHL records . The Wranglers made two appearances in the Kelly Cup Finals , in 2008 and 2012 and won the Brabham Cup once and the Pacific Division title twice . Former Wranglers who have reached the National Hockey League ( NHL ) include Brent Krahn , Adam Pardy , Dany Sabourin , Tyson Strachan , and Tyler Sloan . From 2003 to 2014 , the Wranglers played their home games on the west side of the city at the Orleans Arena . The team 's lease with Orleans Arena ended after the 2013-14 season . The Wranglers had been the ECHL affiliate of the NHL 's Calgary Flames since the team 's inaugural season in 2003 until 2009 before announcing that they were switching their affiliation to the Phoenix Coyotes for the 2009-10 ECHL season ." } ] }, { "value": "106", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lost Conference Semifinals ( IDH )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Idaho_Steelheads", "summary": "The Idaho Steelheads are an American professional minor league ice hockey team based in Boise , Idaho . The team began playing in 1997 and has been a member of the ECHL since 2003 . During the 2003-04 season and since the 2005-06 season the Steelheads have been an affiliate of the National Hockey League 's Dallas Stars . The Austin-based Texas Stars have been Idaho 's AHL affiliate since the 2009-10 season . Home games are played at the 5,002-seat CenturyLink Arena in downtown Boise . In 1996 , the Steelheads were announced as a 1997-98 expansion team by Diamond Sports Management , headed by Cord Pereira . The Steelheads play in the Mountain Division of the ECHL 's Western Conference since the 2016-17 season . As of 2017 , the Steelheads are the westernmost ECHL team . The Steelheads are named for a species of seagoing rainbow trout native to Idaho streams and rivers and popular with local anglers . Despite this , the original primary and alternate logos consisted of a puck bouncing off a hockey mask and the state of Idaho respectively . When the team underwent a rebrand in the 2006-07 season , a trout was included in Idaho 's alternate . After the departure of the Victoria Salmon Kings in 2011 , the Steelheads made the trout logo their new primary one ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007-08", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2007–08_ECHL_season", "summary": "The 2007-08 ECHL season was the 20th season of the ECHL . Two teams suspended operations at the end of the 2006-07 season , the Long Beach Ice Dogs and the Toledo Storm . Toledo 's suspension was granted after Toledo Arena Sports , Inc. acquired the Storm and requested a suspension of the team for two years in order to allow a new arena to be built in downtown Toledo to open in 2009 in time for the team to return to play . The league officially welcomed back the Mississippi Sea Wolves , who had to suspend operations for two seasons ( 2005-07 ) because of damage to the Mississippi Coast Coliseum caused by Hurricane Katrina . The Elmira Jackals also joined the ECHL after being in the United Hockey League for their previous existence . Another established team , the Trenton , New Jersey franchise , entered its ninth season with a new name . The team , now owned by the NHL New Jersey Devils , adopted the Devils nickname . Before the start of the season , the league announced that it would hand out a new award to honor on-ice referees for their dedication and contribution to the league , through the Ryan Birmingham Memorial Award . The award is given in honor of Ryan Birmingham , a former ECHL referee who died in an automobile accident , while driving from Chattanooga , Tennessee to Snellville , Georgia in May 2007 . Birmingham died at the age of 24 . The Cincinnati Cyclones finished first overall in the regular season , winning the Brabham Cup , and became the third team in ECHL history to win the Brabham Cup and Kelly Cup in the same year by defeating the Las Vegas Wranglers four games to two ." } ] }, { "value": "Cincinnati Cyclones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cincinnati_Cyclones", "summary": "The Cincinnati Cyclones are a professional ice hockey team based in Cincinnati , Ohio . The team is a member of the ECHL . Originally established in 1990 , the team first played their games in the Cincinnati Gardens and now play at Heritage Bank Center . The Cyclones are a minor league affiliate of the Buffalo Sabres ( National Hockey League ) and the Rochester Americans ( American Hockey League ) . Cincinnati has fielded Cyclones teams with three separate franchises in two different leagues : the International Hockey League ( 1992-2001 ) and the ECHL ( 1990-1992 , 2001-2004 , 2006-present ) . Together , the franchises have combined to win two Kelly Cups ( 2008 and 2010 ) , three conference championships ( 2008 , 2010 and 2014 ) , two overall points championships ( 2008 and 2019 ) , and five division championships ( 1996 , 2008 , 2009 , 2013 and 2019 ) . In 2007-08 , the team had the most successful season in ECHL history with 55 wins , 115 points , and its first conference and league championships ." } ] }, { "value": "115", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Kelly Cup", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Winners", "section_text": "Team won the Kelly Cup . Team lost in the Kelly ( or Riley ) Cup finals . Defunct franchises are listed in italics .", "uid": "Brabham_Cup_0", "intro": "The Henry Brabham Cup is the trophy awarded annually by the ECHL to the team which finishes with the most points in the league during the regular season. The Brabham Cup has been awarded 30 times to 16 different franchises since its debut in 1989." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_cavalry_during_the_First_World_War", "title": "British cavalry during the First World War", "header": [ "Regiment - Battery", "Brigade", "Division" ], "data": [ { "value": "1/1st Queen 's Own Oxfordshire Hussars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1/1st_Queen's_Own_Oxfordshire_Hussars", "summary": "The Queen 's Own Oxfordshire Hussars was the designated name of a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army formed in 1794 . It saw service in the Second Boer War with 40 and 59 Companies of the Imperial Yeomanry and also served in Belgium and France during the Great War . In 1922 , the regiment became part of the Royal Artillery . The lineage is maintained by 142 ( Queen 's Own Oxfordshire Hussars ) Vehicle Squadron Royal Logistic Corps ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Cavalry Brigade 4th Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Cavalry Brigade was a brigade of the British Army . It served in the Napoleonic Wars ( 2nd Union Cavalry Brigade ) , the Boer War and in the First World War when it was assigned to the 1st Cavalry Division . Prior to World War I the brigade was based at Tidworth Camp in England ; and originally consisted of three cavalry regiments and a Royal Engineers signal troop . After the declaration of war in August 1914 , the brigade was deployed to the Western Front in France , where an artillery battery joined the brigade the following September and a Machine Gun Squadron in February 1916 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 4th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army . It served in the Napoleonic Wars ( notably at the Battle of Waterloo ) , in the First World War on the Western Front where it was initially assigned to The Cavalry Division before spending most of the war with the 2nd Cavalry Division , and with the 1st Cavalry Division during the Second World War ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Cavalry Division 2nd Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front . During the Second World War it was a first line formation , formed from Yeomanry Regiments . It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Cavalry Division was a division of the regular British Army that saw service in the Peninsular War and in World War I , when it also known as Gough 's Command , after its commanding general . It was part of the British Expeditionary Force that served in France in from 1914 to 1918 . It was involved in most of the major actions where cavalry were used as a mounted mobile force , and also many where the troops were dismounted and effectively served as infantry . On 11 November 1918 units of the division were east and north-east of Mons , in Belgium . Orders were received that the division would lead the advance of Fourth Army into Germany , a move that was to begin on 17 November 1918 . On 1 December it crossed the frontier south of St. Vith . The winter was spent south of Liège , and demobilisation commenced . The division ceased to exist on 31 March 1919 . After the war the division was reformed in the Territorial Army ." } ] }, { "value": "1/1st North Somerset Yeomanry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1/1st_North_Somerset_Yeomanry", "summary": "The North Somerset Yeomanry was a part-time cavalry regiment of the British Army from 1798 to 1967 . It maintained order in Somerset in the days before organised police forces , and supplied volunteers to fight in the Second Boer War . It served on the Western Front in World War I . At the outbreak of World War II it continued to operate in the mounted role , and then as a specialist signals unit . Postwar it joined the Royal Armoured Corps and later became infantry . Its lineage today is maintained by 93 ( North Somerset Yeomanry ) Squadron 39 ( Skinners ) Signal Regiment ." } ] }, { "value": "6th Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/6th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 6th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army . It served in the Napoleonic Wars ( notably at the Battle of Waterloo ) , in the First World War on the Western Front where it was assigned to the 3rd Cavalry Division , and with the 1st Cavalry Division during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 3rd Cavalry Division was a division of the British Army in the First World War . It was formed at Ludgershall , Wiltshire England in September 1914 under the command of Major-General the Hon . Julian Byng . The division moved to Belgium in the first week of October 1914 , landing at Ostend , although its third Brigade was only formed once there . During the war the division took part in most of the major actions where cavalry were used as a mounted mobile force , and also many where the troops were dismounted and effectively served as infantry . On 11 November 1918 , units of the division had reached the River Dender at Leuze and Lessines in Belgium , when orders were received that they would cover the advance of the British Second Army into Germany . They started the advance on 17 November , divisional headquarters being established at Waterloo on 21 November . The following winter was spent in Belgium but by 31 March 1919 , the division was demobilized ." } ] }, { "value": "1/1st Leicestershire Yeomanry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1/1st_Leicestershire_Yeomanry", "summary": "The Leicestershire Yeomanry ( Prince Albert 's Own ) was a yeomanry regiment of the British Army , first raised in 1794 and again in 1803 , which provided cavalry and mounted infantry in the Second Boer War and the First World War and provided two field artillery regiments of the Royal Artillery in the Second World War , before being amalgamated with the Derbyshire Yeomanry into forming the Leicestershire and Derbyshire ( Prince Albert 's Own ) Yeomanry in 1957 . The regiment 's lineage is currently perpetuated by E ( Leicestershire and Derbyshire Yeomanry ) Squadron of the Royal Yeomanry ." } ] }, { "value": "7th Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/7th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 7th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army . It served in the Napoleonic Wars , notably at the Battle of Waterloo . It was reformed in 1914 and served on the Western Front as part of the 3rd Cavalry Division until the end of World War I ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 3rd Cavalry Division was a division of the British Army in the First World War . It was formed at Ludgershall , Wiltshire England in September 1914 under the command of Major-General the Hon . Julian Byng . The division moved to Belgium in the first week of October 1914 , landing at Ostend , although its third Brigade was only formed once there . During the war the division took part in most of the major actions where cavalry were used as a mounted mobile force , and also many where the troops were dismounted and effectively served as infantry . On 11 November 1918 , units of the division had reached the River Dender at Leuze and Lessines in Belgium , when orders were received that they would cover the advance of the British Second Army into Germany . They started the advance on 17 November , divisional headquarters being established at Waterloo on 21 November . The following winter was spent in Belgium but by 31 March 1919 , the division was demobilized ." } ] }, { "value": "1/1st Essex Yeomanry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1/1st_Essex_Yeomanry", "summary": "The Essex Yeomanry was a Reserve unit of the British Army that originated in 1797 as local Yeomanry Cavalry Troops in Essex . Reformed after the experience gained in the Second Boer War , it saw active service as cavalry in World War I and as artillery in World War II . Its lineage is maintained by 36 ( Essex Yeomanry ) Signal Squadron , part of 71 ( Yeomanry ) Signal Regiment , Royal Corps of Signals ." } ] }, { "value": "8th Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/8th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 8th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army in World War I . It was formed in Belgium in 1914 and served on the Western Front as part of the 3rd Cavalry Division . It left the 3rd Cavalry Division on 14 March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 3rd Cavalry Division was a division of the British Army in the First World War . It was formed at Ludgershall , Wiltshire England in September 1914 under the command of Major-General the Hon . Julian Byng . The division moved to Belgium in the first week of October 1914 , landing at Ostend , although its third Brigade was only formed once there . During the war the division took part in most of the major actions where cavalry were used as a mounted mobile force , and also many where the troops were dismounted and effectively served as infantry . On 11 November 1918 , units of the division had reached the River Dender at Leuze and Lessines in Belgium , when orders were received that they would cover the advance of the British Second Army into Germany . They started the advance on 17 November , divisional headquarters being established at Waterloo on 21 November . The following winter was spent in Belgium but by 31 March 1919 , the division was demobilized ." } ] }, { "value": "1/1st Bedfordshire Yeomanry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1/1st_Bedfordshire_Yeomanry", "summary": "The Bedfordshire Yeomanry was a Yeomanry regiment of the British Army . Serving intermittently between 1797 and 1827 , it was re-raised in 1901 for the Second Boer War . It participated in the First World War before being converted to an artillery regiment . It served in the Second World War ( as a heavy and a field artillery regiment ) . Its lineage was maintained by 201 ( Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire Yeomanry ) Battery , 100th ( Yeomanry ) Regiment Royal Artillery until that unit was placed in suspended animation in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "9th Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/9th_Cavalry_Brigade_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 9th Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Army in World War I . It was formed in France in 1915 and served on the Western Front as part of the 1st Cavalry Division until the end of the war ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 1st Cavalry Division was a regular Division of the British Army during the First World War where it fought on the Western Front . During the Second World War it was a first line formation , formed from Yeomanry Regiments . It fought in the Middle East before being converted to the 10th Armoured Division ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Lancers ( Gardner 's Horse )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Lancers_(Gardner's_Horse)", "summary": "The 2nd Lancers ( Gardner 's Horse ) is one of the oldest and most highly decorated armoured regiments of the Indian Army . It was originally raised in 1809 . It served in the Nepal and First World War . During the reconstruction of the British Indian Army in 1922 it was amalgamated with the 4th Cavalry" } ] }, { "value": "5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/5th_(Mhow)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The 5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service in the Indian Army during the First World War . Formed in November 1914 , it served on the Western Front as part of the 2nd and 1st Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd Skinner 's Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_Skinner's_Horse", "summary": "The 3rd Skinner 's Horse was a cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was originally raised at Hansi by Lt.-Col. James Skinner as the 2nd Regiment of Skinner 's Horse in 1814 , the various changes and amalgamations are listed below ." } ] }, { "value": "7th ( Meerut ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/7th_(Meerut)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Meerut Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 7th ( Meerut ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War and departed for the Western Front where it served as part of the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division . It was reorganized in June 1916 as 7th Indian Cavalry Brigade and took part in the Mesopotamian campaign . It formed part of the occupation forces for Mesopotamia after the end of the war and was broken up late in 1920 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "6th King Edward 's Own Cavalry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/6th_King_Edward's_Own_Cavalry", "summary": "The 6th King Edward 's Own Cavalry was a cavalry regiment in the British Indian Army . It was formed in 1842 and in 1921 was amalgamated with the 7th Hariana Lancers to form the 18th King Edward 's Own Cavalry ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd ( Sialkot ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_(Sialkot)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Sialkot Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 2nd ( Sialkot ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the division until it was broken up in March 1918 . The brigade was reformed in June 1920 and broken up in January 1940 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "9th Hodson 's Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/9th_Hodson's_Horse", "summary": "4th Horse ( Hodson 's Horse ) is a cavalry regiment of the Indian Army which originated as part of the British Indian Army ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd ( Ambala ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_(Ambala)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Ambala Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 3rd ( Ambala ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "18th King George 's Own Lancers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/18th_King_George's_Own_Lancers", "summary": "The 19th Lancers is an armoured regiment of the Pakistan Army . Before 1956 , it was known as 19th King George V 's Own Lancers , which was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was formed in 1922 , by the amalgamation of 18th King George 's Own Lancers and 19th Lancers ( Fane 's Horse ) . On Partition of India in 1947 , the regiment was allotted to Pakistan ." } ] }, { "value": "7th ( Meerut ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/7th_(Meerut)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Meerut Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 7th ( Meerut ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War and departed for the Western Front where it served as part of the 2nd Indian Cavalry Division . It was reorganized in June 1916 as 7th Indian Cavalry Brigade and took part in the Mesopotamian campaign . It formed part of the occupation forces for Mesopotamia after the end of the war and was broken up late in 1920 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "19th Lancers ( Fane 's Horse )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/19th_Lancers_(Fane's_Horse)", "summary": "The 19th Lancers is an armoured regiment of the Pakistan Army . Before 1956 , it was known as 19th King George V 's Own Lancers , which was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army . It was formed in 1922 , by the amalgamation of 18th King George 's Own Lancers and 19th Lancers ( Fane 's Horse ) . On Partition of India in 1947 , the regiment was allotted to Pakistan ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd ( Sialkot ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_(Sialkot)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Sialkot Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 2nd ( Sialkot ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the division until it was broken up in March 1918 . The brigade was reformed in June 1920 and broken up in January 1940 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "20th Deccan Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/20th_Deccan_Horse", "summary": "The Deccan Horse or 9 HORSE is one of the oldest and most decorated armoured regiments of the Indian Army , which was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army , the Royal Deccan Horse . It was formed from the amalgamation of two regiments after World War I . They saw service from the Mutiny of 1857 up to and including World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "9th ( Secunderabad ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/9th_(Secunderabad)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1907 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 9th ( Secunderabad ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War and departed for France . It served on the Western Front as part of the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "29th Lancers ( Deccan Horse )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/29th_Lancers_(Deccan_Horse)", "summary": "The Deccan Horse or 9 HORSE is one of the oldest and most decorated armoured regiments of the Indian Army , which was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army , the Royal Deccan Horse . It was formed from the amalgamation of two regiments after World War I . They saw service from the Mutiny of 1857 up to and including World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/8th_(Lucknow)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Lucknow Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1911 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the division until it was broken up in March 1918 . The brigade was reformed in April 1920 and broken up in 1923 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "30th Lancers ( Gordon 's Horse )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/30th_Lancers_(Gordon's_Horse)", "summary": "The 8th King George 's Own Light Cavalry was formed in 1922 by the amalgamation of the 26th King George 's Own Light Cavalry and the 30th Lancers following a re-organisation of the Indian Cavalry Corps . Both regiments were regular cavalry units that had had long and distinguished records in the British Indian Army prior to their amalgamation . During World War II the regiment was converted into an armoured car unit and served during the Burma campaign . After India gained Independence the regiment was named 8th Light Cavalry ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd ( Ambala ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/3rd_(Ambala)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Ambala Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 3rd ( Ambala ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "34th Prince Albert Victor 's Own Poona Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/34th_Prince_Albert_Victor's_Own_Poona_Horse", "summary": "The Poona Horse is an armoured regiment in the Armoured Corps of the Indian Army . The regiment , known before independence as The Poona Horse ( 17th Queen Victoria 's Own Cavalry ) , was raised as a regular cavalry regiment in the Bombay Presidency army of the East India Company . It was formed from the 3rd Regiment of Bombay Light Cavalry , raised in 1820 , and the Poona Auxiliary Horse , raised about 1817-18 . The latter unit was absorbed into the regular forces about 1860 and the two regiments later became the 33rd Queen Victoria 's Own Light Cavalry and the 34th Prince Albert Victor 's Own Poona Horse . These were amalgamated in 1921 into the present regiment , the battle honours of which tell of service in three Afghan wars , in Persia , Abyssinia and China , as well as in the Great War . The regiment has fought with distinction in the 1965 and 1971 Indo-Pakistani wars , with an officer winning India 's highest gallantry award , the Param Vir Chakra , in each war ." } ] }, { "value": "9th ( Secunderabad ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/9th_(Secunderabad)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Secunderabad Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1907 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 9th ( Secunderabad ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War and departed for France . It served on the Western Front as part of the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "36th Jacob 's Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/36th_Jacob's_Horse", "summary": "The 36th Jacob 's Horse were a unit of cavalry of the British Indian Army ." } ] }, { "value": "8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/8th_(Lucknow)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Lucknow Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1911 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms . It was mobilized as 8th ( Lucknow ) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France . It served on the Western Front with the division until it was broken up in March 1918 . The brigade was reformed in April 1920 and broken up in 1923 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st Indian Cavalry Division 4th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1st_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 1st Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 4th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 4th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 1st Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/4th_Cavalry_Division_(British_Indian_Army)", "summary": "The 1st Mounted Division was a cavalry division that served as part of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force in Palestine in World War I . It was formed in April 1918 when the Yeomanry Mounted Division was merged with elements of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division withdrawn from the Western Front . In July 1918 , the combined division was renamed as the 4th Cavalry Division . It remained in Palestine after the end of the war on occupation duties until finally broken up in 1921 ." } ] }, { "value": "38th King George 's Own Central India Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/38th_King_George's_Own_Central_India_Horse", "summary": "The Central India Horse ( 21st King George V 's Own Horse ) was a regular cavalry regiment of the British Indian Army . They were formed at the start of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and served in the Great War and the Second World War ." } ] }, { "value": "5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/5th_(Mhow)_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The 5th ( Mhow ) Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army that saw active service in the Indian Army during the First World War . Formed in November 1914 , it served on the Western Front as part of the 2nd and 1st Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd Indian Cavalry Division 5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2nd_Indian_Cavalry_Division", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." }, { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Royal Canadian Dragoons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Dragoons", "summary": "The Royal Canadian Dragoons ( RCD ) is the senior armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . It is one of three armoured regiments in the Regular Force and forms part of the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps . The colonel-in-chief of The RCD is Charles , Prince of Wales . The commanding officer is Lieutenant-Colonel R. Marois , CD , and the regimental sergeant major is Chief Warrant Officer J. Leamon , CD . The colonel of the regiment is Brigadier-General Peter Atkinson ( Retired ) . The regiment is composed of Regimental Headquarters , A , B , C , D and Headquarters Squadrons . A , B and D Squadrons , based at CFB Petawawa , are reconnaissance squadrons in the process of adopting the Textron-produced Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle to replace the Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle . C Squadron , based at CFB Gagetown , is equipped with 21 Leopard 2 tanks ( models A4 , A4M and A6M ) and the squadron consists of both Dragoons and members of 12e Régiment blindé du Canada . Headquarters Squadron , based in Petawawa , provides first-line combat service support to the regiment ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Canadian Cavalry Brigade was raised in December 1914 , under its first commanding officer Brigadier-General J.E.B . Seely . It was originally composed of two Canadian and one British regiments and an attached artillery battery . The Canadian units were the Royal Canadian Dragoons , Lord Strathcona 's Horse ( Royal Canadians ) and the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery battery . The British regiment was the 2nd King Edward 's Horse ( The King 's Overseas Dominions Regiment ) . 2KEH was replaced by The Fort Garry Horse in February 1916 ." } ] }, { "value": "5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Lord Strathcona 's Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lord_Strathcona's_Horse", "summary": "Lord Strathcona 's Horse ( Royal Canadians ) ( LdSH [ RC ] ) is a regular armoured regiment of the Canadian Army . Currently based in Edmonton , Alberta , the regiment is part of 3rd Canadian Division 's 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group . Members of the regiment are commonly called Strathconas or Straths as a short form . It was one of the last regiments in the British Empire to be created and raised by a private individual , Donald Alexander Smith , 1st Baron Strathcona and Mount Royal . The regiment is currently composed of a regimental headquarters and four primary squadrons : A , B , Reconnaissance ( 'Recce ' ) and Headquarters . In September 2006 , B Squadron deployed to Afghanistan using the Leopard C2 , the first NATO deployment of main battle tanks ( MBTs ) to Afghanistan . Each year the squadron that distinguishes itself with the highest efficiency rating in the regiment earns the title Prince of Wales Squadron for the year . The regiment has seven affiliated cadet corps in Alberta and British Columbia . Lord Strathcona 's Horse operates with 40 Leopard 2 's ( 20 A4 's , 9 A4M 's and 11 2A6M 's ) and 12 Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicles . Due to a change in Canadian army doctrine in the early 2000s away from heavy armour to more infantry-centred operations , Lord Strathcona 's Horse was for several years the only regular armoured regiment to operate MBTs . This was until the 2006 announcement that the Royal Canadian Dragoons would be re-equipped with a squadron of Leopards . The regimental motto is Perseverance ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Canadian Cavalry Brigade was raised in December 1914 , under its first commanding officer Brigadier-General J.E.B . Seely . It was originally composed of two Canadian and one British regiments and an attached artillery battery . The Canadian units were the Royal Canadian Dragoons , Lord Strathcona 's Horse ( Royal Canadians ) and the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery battery . The British regiment was the 2nd King Edward 's Horse ( The King 's Overseas Dominions Regiment ) . 2KEH was replaced by The Fort Garry Horse in February 1916 ." } ] }, { "value": "5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Garry Horse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Garry_Horse", "summary": "The Fort Garry Horse is a Canadian Army Reserve armoured regiment based in Winnipeg , Manitoba . It is part of 3rd Canadian Division 's 38 Canadian Brigade Group ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Cavalry Brigade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Cavalry_Brigade", "summary": "The Canadian Cavalry Brigade was raised in December 1914 , under its first commanding officer Brigadier-General J.E.B . Seely . It was originally composed of two Canadian and one British regiments and an attached artillery battery . The Canadian units were the Royal Canadian Dragoons , Lord Strathcona 's Horse ( Royal Canadians ) and the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery battery . The British regiment was the 2nd King Edward 's Horse ( The King 's Overseas Dominions Regiment ) . 2KEH was replaced by The Fort Garry Horse in February 1916 ." } ] }, { "value": "5th Cavalry Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/5th_Cavalry_Division_(United_Kingdom)", "summary": "The 2nd Indian Cavalry Division was a division of the British Indian Army formed at the outbreak of World War I . It served on the Western Front , being renamed as 5th Cavalry Division on 26 November 1916 . In March 1918 , the 5th Cavalry Division was broken up . The British and Canadian units remained in France and the Indian elements were sent to Egypt to help constitute 2nd Mounted Division ." } ] } ], "section_title": "British cavalry regiments , brigades , and divisions", "section_text": "Other units that served in British cavalry , brigades , divisions and corps during the war", "uid": "British_cavalry_during_the_First_World_War_1", "intro": "The British cavalry were the first British Army units to see action during the First World War. Captain Hornby of the 4th (Royal Irish) Dragoon Guards is reputed to have been the first British soldier to kill a German soldier, using his sword, and Drummer Edward Thomas of the same regiment is reputed to have fired the first British shot shortly after 06:30 on 22 August 1914, near the Belgian village of Casteau. The following Battle of Mons was the first engagement fought by British soldiers in Western Europe since the Battle of Waterloo, ninety-nine years earlier. In the first year of the war in France nine cavalry brigades were formed for three British cavalry divisions. Other regiments served in six brigades of the two British Indian Army cavalry divisions that were formed for service on the Western Front. Three regiments also fought in the campaign in Mesopotamia, the only other theatre of the First World War where British cavalry served. The doctrine of the British cavalry had been highly influenced by their experiences in the Second Boer War fifteen years earlier, during which one commander had preferred using irregular units to the professional cavalry regiments. By necessity, cavalry doctrine had changed since then, with emphasis being placed on dismounted firepower and covering fire from the flanks, using machine guns and attached artillery, to support cavalry charges. Cavalrymen dominated the higher command positions within the British Army during the war. The only officers to command the British Expeditionary Force on the Western Front were both cavalrymen, while the original commander of the British Cavalry Division went on to command the Egyptian Expeditionary Force during the Palestine Campaign, and another cavalryman became the Chief of the Imperial General Staff. Altogether on the Western Front, five of the ten officers who commanded the five British armies were provided by the cavalry, while another ten commanded corps, and twenty-seven served as divisional commanders. Among other decorations for their valour, eight cavalrymen were awarded the Victoria Cross, Britain's highest award for bravery in the face of the enemy." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_NFL_Draft", "title": "1961 NFL Draft", "header": [ "Original NFL team", "Player", "Pos", "College", "Conf" ], "data": [ { "value": "Baltimore Colts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Baltimore_Colts_season", "summary": "The 1961 Baltimore Colts season was the ninth for the team in the National Football League . They finished the 1961 season with a record of 8 wins and 6 losses , tied for third in the Western Conference with the Chicago Bears . Upset by the expansion Minnesota Vikings on November 12 , the Colts dipped to 4-5 ; they won four of the last five to finish with a winning record ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark Smolinski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Smolinski", "summary": "Mark Wayne Smolinski ( born May 9 , 1939 ) was a professional American football player for the NFL 's Baltimore Colts and the AFL 's World Champion New York Jets ." } ] }, { "value": "FB / TE", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)", "summary": "A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tight_end", "summary": "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ." } ] }, { "value": "Wyoming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Wyoming_Cowboys_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Wyoming Cowboys football team represented the University of Wyoming in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season . The Cowboys offense scored 212 points while the defense allowed 71 points . Led by head coach Bob Devaney , the Cowboys finished the season with eight wins and two losses . Running back Jerry Hill was in his final season and finished his Cowboys career with 1,374 rushing yards on 288 carries ." } ] }, { "value": "MSC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_States_Conference", "summary": "The Skyline Conference was a college athletic conference based in the Western United States that was active from 1938 to 1962 . The conference 's formal name was the Mountain States Athletic Conference , although it was also known as the Mountain States Conference along with informal but popular nicknames . It is unrelated to the contemporary Skyline Conference that is active in NCAA Division III in the New York City area ." } ] }, { "value": "Cleveland Browns", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Cleveland_Browns_season", "summary": "The 1961 Cleveland Browns season was the team 's 12th season with the National Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Charley Ferguson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charley_Ferguson", "summary": "Charles Edward Ferguson ( born November 13 , 1939 in Dallas , Texas ) is a former American college and Professional Football player . He was a tight end with the American Football League 's Buffalo Bills . He was in playoff games with the Bills four straight years , 1963 through 1966 , and won AFL Championships with them in 1964 and 1965 . He was an American Football League All-Star in 1965 . Ferguson also played in the NFL for the Cleveland Browns and Minnesota Vikings ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tight_end", "summary": "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ." } ] }, { "value": "Tennessee State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tennessee_State_Tigers_football", "summary": "The Tennessee State Tigers are the college football team representing the Tennessee State University . The Tigers play in NCAA Division I Football Championship as a member of the Ohio Valley Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Midwestern", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midwestern_Conference", "summary": "The Midwestern Conference , alternatively Conference of Midwestern Universities , was a college athletic conference which operated in Illinois and Indiana from 1970 to 1972 . It was composed of schools which had recently moved from Division II ( then known as the College Division ) to Division I ( known as the University Division ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The conference sponsored only men 's sports ; awarding championships in baseball , basketball , cross-country , golf , swimming , indoor & outdoor track and field , tennis , and wrestling . The first conference championship was in cross country in the fall of 1970 . Southern Illinois won that championship and almost made a clean sweep by winning championships in basketball , wrestling , swimming , baseball , tennis , and both indoor and outdoor track . Only Ball State prevented a sweep by winning the golf championship that spring . At that time ( as is generally still the case now ) , in order to be recognized by the NCAA , a conference was required to have six or more member institutions . The Midwestern Conference had only five members and was unable to find a sixth , so it ceased operations after only two years . The five member schools eventually affiliated with other conferences . The conference Commissioner was Jack McClelland , the former Drake Bulldogs basketball coach and athletic director , who had resigned as commissioner of the North Central Conference in order to accept the position with the Midwestern Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Chicago Bears", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Chicago_Bears_season", "summary": "The 1961 Chicago Bears season was their 42nd regular season completed in the National Football League . The team finished with an 8-6 record under George Halas , which was an improvement over the 5-6-1 record of the previous season ." } ] }, { "value": "Art Anderson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Art_Anderson", "summary": "Arthur Anthony Anderson ( born October 9 , 1936 ) is a former professional American football offensive tackle in the National Football League . He is one of the few tackles to prevent Pro Football Hall of Fame inductee Deacon Jones from accomplishing any sacks in a game ( 1961 season ) . His teammates on the Chicago Bears under George Halas included Stan Jones and 1961 rookie Mike Ditka , both Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees ." } ] }, { "value": "OT", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense ." } ] }, { "value": "Idaho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Idaho_Vandals_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Idaho Vandals football team represented the University of Idaho in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season . Led by seventh-year head coach Skip Stahley , the Vandals were an independent in the NCAA 's University Division and had a 1-9 record . Two home games were played on campus at Neale Stadium in Moscow , with one in Boise at Bronco Stadium at Boise Junior College . The Vandals suffered a sixth straight loss in the Battle of the Palouse with neighbor Washington State , falling 7-18 at Neale Stadium in mid-November . In the rivalry game with Montana in Missoula , the Vandals lost the Little Brown Stein for the first time in a decade . Since the disbanding of the Pacific Coast Conference in the spring of 1959 , Idaho had just one win per season as an independent . Stahley took on the dual role of athletic director in July . Idaho played ten games , with five scheduled at night , and their only win came at Hawaii . The game was scheduled for Friday night , but due to travel delays , it was played on Sunday afternoon . The Vandals stayed on Oahu until Thursday , then flew to California for their next game , against Pacific in Stockton on Saturday night ." } ] }, { "value": "Ind", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools", "summary": "National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member ." } ] }, { "value": "Chicago Bears", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Chicago_Bears_season", "summary": "The 1961 Chicago Bears season was their 42nd regular season completed in the National Football League . The team finished with an 8-6 record under George Halas , which was an improvement over the 5-6-1 record of the previous season ." } ] }, { "value": "Roosevelt Taylor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roosevelt_Taylor", "summary": "Roosevelt Rosey Taylor ( born July 4 , 1937 in New Orleans , Louisiana ) is a former American football safety who played for the Chicago Bears , San Francisco 49ers , and Washington Redskins of the National Football League . He played college football at Grambling State University . Taylor was a key defensive player on the 1963 Bears NFL championship team . He led the Bears in interceptions with 9 and in kick returns . The Bears defense was coached by future Hall of Famer George Allen . In 2010 , Roosevelt Taylor was inducted as a member of the Grambling State University Hall of Fame . Part of Gramblings initial SWAC championship defense in 1960 - the group included four future All-Pros - Taylor went on to lead the NFL with nine interceptions in 1963 , on the way to 32 career picks . In 1968 , he scored a 96-yard interception return . Twice selected to the Pro Bowl , Taylor never missed a game in nearly nine seasons with the Chicago Bears and later appeared in Super Bowl VII with the Washington Redskins . He is a member of the Greater New Orleans Sports Hall of Fame , and was named among the 50 Best Bears earlier this year by the Chicago Sun-Times . He was an all-city football player at Joseph S. Clark Sr. High School in New Orleans , Louisiana ." } ] }, { "value": "S", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender ." } ] }, { "value": "Grambling State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grambling_State_Tigers_football", "summary": "The Grambling State Tigers are the college football team representing the Grambling State University . The Tigers play in NCAA Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) as a member of the Southwestern Athletic Conference . The prominence of Grambling football is longstanding . The Tigers , under Hall of Fame coach Eddie Robinson ( who guided them to 408 victories in 55 seasons from 1941 to 1942 and 1945 to 1997 ) , were built as a small-school powerhouse with more than 200 players who played professional football . On September 24 , 1976 , Grambling State and Morgan State became the first collegiate football teams from the United States to play a game in the continent of Asia . GSU defeated Morgan State 42-16 in Tokyo , Japan . In fall 1977 , the GSU Tigers were invited back to Tokyo where they defeated Temple University 35-32 in the inaugural Mirage Bowl game . Among its accomplishments include : 15 Black college football national championships ( tied for second most in HBCU history ) and 26 Conference Championships ( 1 Midwest Conference & 25 SWAC ) . The Tigers have won the most SWAC Championships to date ." } ] }, { "value": "SWAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southwestern_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Southwestern Athletic Conference ( SWAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama , which is made up of historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southern United States . It participates in the NCAA 's Division I for all sports ; in football , it participates in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , formerly referred to as Division I-AA . The SWAC is widely considered the premier HBCU conference and ranks among the elite in the nation in terms of alumni affiliated with professional sports teams , particularly in football . On the gridiron , the conference has been the biggest draw on the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) level of the NCAA , leading the nation in average home attendance every year except one since FCS has been in existence . In 1994 , the SWAC fell just 40,000 fans short of becoming the first non-Football Bowl Subdivision conference to attract one million fans to its home games ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 1961 Dallas Cowboys season was their second in the National Football League . The team finished with 4 wins , 9 losses , and 1 tie , placing them 6th in the Eastern Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Dave Grayson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Grayson", "summary": "David Lee Grayson ( June 6 , 1939 - July 29 , 2017 ) was an American football defensive back in the American Football League ( AFL ) and the National Football League ( NFL ) for the Kansas City Chiefs and Oakland Raiders . He played college football at the University of Oregon ." } ] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornerback", "summary": "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ." } ] }, { "value": "Oregon State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Oregon_Webfoots_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Oregon Webfoots football team represented the University of Oregon as an independent during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season . In their 10th season under head coach Len Casanova , the Webfoots compiled a 7-3-1 record and outscored their opponents , 206 to 130 . The team played its home games at Hayward Field in Eugene , Oregon . The team 's statistical leaders included Dave Grosz with 910 passing yards , Dave Grayson with 631 rushing yards , and Cleveland Jones with 402 receiving yards ." } ] }, { "value": "Ind", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools", "summary": "National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 1961 Dallas Cowboys season was their second in the National Football League . The team finished with 4 wins , 9 losses , and 1 tie , placing them 6th in the Eastern Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Warren Livingston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warren_Livingston", "summary": "Warren Livingston ( born July 5 , 1938 ) is a former professional American football cornerback in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys . He played college football at the University of Arizona ." } ] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornerback", "summary": "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ." } ] }, { "value": "Arizona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Arizona_Wildcats_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Arizona Wildcats football team represented the University of Arizona in the Border Conference during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season . In their second season under head coach Jim LaRue , the Wildcats compiled a 7-3 record and outscored their opponents , 233 to 152 . The team captain was Tony Matz . The team played its home games in Arizona Stadium in Tucson , Arizona . The team 's statistical leaders included Eddie Wilson with 1,020 passing yards , Bobby Thompson with 732 rushing yards , and Joe Hernandez with 442 receiving yards ." } ] }, { "value": "BIAA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Border_Intercollegiate_Athletic_Association", "summary": "The Border Conference , officially known as the Border Intercollegiate Athletic Association , was an NCAA-affiliated college athletic conference founded in 1931 that disbanded following the 1961-62 season . Centered in the southwestern United States , the conference included nine member institutions located in the states of Arizona , New Mexico , and Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Dallas Cowboys", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Dallas_Cowboys_season", "summary": "The 1961 Dallas Cowboys season was their second in the National Football League . The team finished with 4 wins , 9 losses , and 1 tie , placing them 6th in the Eastern Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "Amos Marsh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amos_Marsh", "summary": "Amos Marsh , Jr. ( May 7 , 1939 - November 2 , 1992 ) was a professional American football running back in the National Football League for the Dallas Cowboys and Detroit Lions . He played college football at Oregon State University ." } ] }, { "value": "RB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Running_back", "summary": "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ." } ] }, { "value": "Oregon State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Oregon_State_Beavers_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Oregon State Beavers football team represented Oregon State College in the 1960 NCAA University Division football season . The Beavers ended this season with six wins , three losses , and a tie . The Gotham Bowl was scheduled to premiere at Yankee Stadium in 1960 with Holy Cross as the host team . However , after Oregon State was invited , Holy Cross was uninvited in hopes of finding a better match-up . The game was canceled when no opponent could be found for Oregon State . The Beavers scored 197 points and allowed 145 points . The team was led by head coach Tommy Prothro . The university 's current title , Oregon State University , was adopted on March 6 , 1961 , by a legislative act signed into law by Governor Mark Hatfield ." } ] }, { "value": "Ind", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools", "summary": "National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member ." } ] }, { "value": "Detroit Lions", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Detroit_Lions_season", "summary": "The 1961 Detroit Lions season was the 32nd season in franchise history . Detroit was runner-up in the Western conference at 8-5-1 , then won a second Playoff Bowl game against the Philadelphia Eagles that was played in the Orange Bowl , 38-10 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pat Studstill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pat_Studstill", "summary": "Pat Studstill ( born June 4 , 1938 in Shreveport , Louisiana ) is a former National Football League punter and wide receiver from ( 1961-1972 ) for the Detroit Lions , the Los Angeles Rams and the New England Patriots . He played in the 1956 season for then young starting coach Lee Hedges at C. E. Byrd High School in Shreveport . Studstill 's best year was 1966 , when he was second in the NFL with 67 receptions and led the League with 1266 receiving yards . One of his five touchdowns went for 99 yards , making him , at the time , the third player to accomplish this feat and the first to accomplish it while not wearing a Redskins uniform . Since then , eight other players have accomplished the same feat . In 1966 , he had 5 consecutive games with 125+ pass yards , which had since been tied by Calvin Johnson . He is remembered for having been the last player not to wear a Riddell facemask ." } ] }, { "value": "WR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wide_receiver", "summary": "A wide receiver , also referred to as wideouts or simply receivers , is an offensive position in gridiron football , and is a key player . They get their name because they are split out wide ( near the sidelines ) , farthest away from the rest of the team . Wide receivers are among the fastest players on the field . The wide receiver functions as the pass-catching specialist ." } ] }, { "value": "Houston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Houston_Cougars_football", "summary": "The Houston Cougars football program is an NCAA Division I FBS football team that represents the University of Houston . The team is commonly referred to as Houston or UH ( spoken as U of H ) . The UH football program is a member of the American Athletic Conference West Division . Since the 2014 season , the Cougars have played their home games on campus at TDECU Stadium , which was built on the site formerly occupied by Robertson Stadium , where they played home games from 1941 to 1950 and from 1997 to 2012 . Over the history of the program , the Cougars have won eleven conference championships and have had several players elected to the College Football Hall of Fame , including a Heisman Trophy winner ." } ] }, { "value": "Ind", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_FBS_independent_schools", "summary": "National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Football Bowl Subdivision independent schools are four-year institutions whose football programs are not part of an NCAA-affiliated conference . This means that FBS independents are not required to schedule each other for competition like conference schools do . There are fewer independent schools than in years past ; many independent schools join , or attempt to join , established conferences . The main reasons to join a conference are to gain a share of television revenue and access to bowl games that agree to take teams from certain conferences , and to help deal with otherwise potentially difficult challenges in scheduling opponents to play throughout the season . All Division I FBS independents are eligible for the College Football Playoff ( CFP ) , or for the so-called access bowls associated with the CFP , if they are chosen by the CFP selection committee . Notre Dame has a potential tie-in with the Orange Bowl . Army has an agreement with the Military Bowl ( formerly the EagleBank Bowl ) , and Notre Dame , in addition to its CFP agreement , has other bowl agreements as part of its affiliation with the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . ( Notre Dame had similar agreements with its previous conference , the Big East . ) BYU had an agreement with the Armed Forces Bowl for 2011 . The ranks of football independents increased by one starting with the 2011 season with the announcement that BYU would leave the Mountain West Conference ( MWC ) to become a football independent starting with that season . The ranks increased by two in 2013 when the Western Athletic Conference ( WAC ) dropped football and New Mexico State and Idaho did not have a conference for football . The ranks of football independents decreased by two in 2014 with the return of Idaho and New Mexico State as football-only members of the Sun Belt Conference ( SBC ) and decreased by one more in 2015 with Navy joining the American Athletic Conference ( AAC ) as a football-only member ." } ] }, { "value": "Pittsburgh Steelers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_Pittsburgh_Steelers_season", "summary": "The 1961 Pittsburgh Steelers season was the franchise 's 29th in the National Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Willie Daniel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Willie_Daniel", "summary": "William Paul Daniel ( November 10 , 1937 - June 29 , 2015 ) was an American football defensive back who played nine seasons in the NFL ." } ] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornerback", "summary": "A cornerback ( CB ) is a member of the defensive backfield or secondary in gridiron football . Cornerbacks cover receivers most of the time , but also blitz and defend against such offensive running plays as sweeps and reverses . They create turnovers through hard tackles , interceptions , and deflecting forward passes . Other members of the defensive backfield include strong and free safeties . The cornerback position requires speed , agility , and strength . A cornerback 's skill set typically requires proficiency in anticipating the quarterback , backpedaling , executing single and zone coverage , disrupting pass routes , block shedding , and tackling . Cornerbacks are among the fastest players on the field ." } ] }, { "value": "Mississippi State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Mississippi_State_Bulldogs_football_team", "summary": "The 1960 Mississippi State Maroons football team represented Mississippi State University during the 1960 NCAA University Division football season ." } ] }, { "value": "SEC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southeastern_Conference", "summary": "The Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) is an American college athletic conference whose member institutions are located primarily in the South Central and Southeastern United States . Its fourteen members include the flagship public universities of ten states , three additional public land grant universities , and one private research university . The conference is headquartered in Birmingham , Alabama . The SEC participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I in sports competitions ; for football , it is part of the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A . The SEC is regarded as one of the most accomplished sports conferences in terms of its winning reputation , with 43 national football championships , 21 basketball championships , 41 indoor track championships , 42 outdoor track championships , 24 swimming championships , 20 gymnastics championships , and 13 College World Series . The conference is also highly successful financially , as it consistently leads most others in revenue distribution to its members , including an SEC record $ 455.8 million for the 2014-15 fiscal year , which was a sizable increase over the $ 292.8 million for the 2013-14 fiscal year , largely due to the revenue from the introduction of the SEC Network . The SEC was also the first NCAA Division I conference to hold a championship game ( and award a subsequent title ) for college football and was one of the founding members of the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . The current SEC commissioner is Greg Sankey . The conference sponsors team championships in nine men 's sports and twelve women 's sports ." } ] }, { "value": "San Francisco 49ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1961_San_Francisco_49ers_season", "summary": "The 1961 San Francisco 49ers season was the team 's 12th year with the National Football League . The 49ers won seven games and lost six , with one game ending in a tie . As a result , the team finished in fifth-place in the NFL Western Conference . The 49ers had three first round picks in the NFL Draft ." } ] }, { "value": "J.W . Lockett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/J.W._Lockett", "summary": "J. W. Lockett ( February 23 , 1937 - December 14 , 1999 ) was an American football fullback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for the San Francisco 49ers , Dallas Cowboys , Baltimore Colts and the Washington Redskins . He also was a member of the Montreal Alouettes in the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . He played college football at the University of Central Oklahoma ." } ] }, { "value": "FB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fullback_(gridiron_football)", "summary": "A fullback ( FB ) is a position known as the best position in the game of football , in the offensive backfield in gridiron football , and is one of the two running back positions along with the halfback . Typically , fullbacks are larger than halfback and in most offensive schemes their duties are split between power running , pass catching , and blocking for both the quarterback and the other running back . Many great runners in the history of American football have been fullbacks , including Jim Brown , Marion Motley , Jim Taylor , Franco Harris , Larry Csonka , John Riggins , Christian Okoye , and Levi Jackson . However , many of these runners would retroactively be labeled as halfbacks , due to their position as the primary ball carrier ; they were primarily listed as fullbacks due to their size and did not often perform the run-blocking duties expected of modern fullbacks . Examples of players who have excelled at the hybrid running-blocking-pass catching role include Mike Alstott , Daryl Johnston , and Lorenzo Neal ." } ] }, { "value": "Central Oklahoma", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Central_Oklahoma_Bronchos_football", "summary": "The Central Oklahoma Bronchos football team represents the University of Central Oklahoma ( UCO ) in college football . The team is a member of the Mid-America Intercollegiate Athletics Association ( MIAA ) , which is in Division II of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . The UCO Bronchos football program began in 1902 and has since compiled over 600 wins , two national championships , and 26 conference championships . As of 2011 , the Bronchos were ranked third in NCAA Division II for total wins and ranked 12th in winning percentage ( 0.621 ) . In 1962 , the Bronchos went 11-0 on the season and defeated Lenoir-Rhyne University ( NC ) 28-13 in the Camellia Bowl to claim its first NAIA national championship . Twenty years later , Central Oklahoma defended its home turf and defeated Colorado Mesa University ( then Mesa State College ) 14-11 in the NAIA national championship game to take its second title and finish the season with a 10-2 record . Despite its rich history in football , Central Oklahoma has struggled beginning in the late 2000s . The program has not participated in the NCAA Division II playoffs since 2003 . The Bronchos play their home games at Wantland Stadium , a 10,000-seat football stadium built in 1965 . The Bronchos have enjoyed nine undefeated home seasons and are 5-1 in playoff games at Wantland Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "OCAC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oklahoma_Collegiate_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Oklahoma Collegiate Athletic Conference ( OCAC ) was an intercollegiate athletic conference that existed from 1929 to 1973 . The conference 's members were located in the state of Oklahoma . The league 's predecessor was the first iteration of the Oklahoma Intercollegiate Conference , and its successor was the OIC 's second iteration ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Notable undrafted players", "section_text": "† = Pro Bowler [ 3 ]", "uid": "1961_NFL_Draft_0", "intro": "The 1961 National Football League draft took place at the Warwick Hotel in Philadelphia on December 27-28, 1960. The league would later hold an expansion draft for the Minnesota Vikings expansion franchise, and the Vikings were also awarded the first selection position in this draft. This draft was also the first regular draft for the Dallas Cowboys as they had only participated in the 1960 NFL expansion draft that year. The Cowboys held the worst record in the NFL the previous season, but selected second in this draft because of the entry of the Vikings into the league." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_busiest_airports_by_international_passenger_traffic", "title": "List of busiest airports by international passenger traffic", "header": [ "Rank", "Airport", "Location", "Code ( IATA/ICAO )", "Total passengers", "% change" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dubai International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dubai_International_Airport", "summary": "Dubai International Airport ( IATA : DXB , ICAO : OMDB ) ( Arabic : مطار دبي الدولي ) is the primary international airport serving Dubai , United Arab Emirates , and is the world 's busiest airport by international passenger traffic . It is also the fifth-busiest airport in the world by passenger traffic , the sixth-busiest cargo airport in the world , the busiest airport for Airbus A380 and Boeing 777 movements , and the airport with the highest average number of passengers per flight . In 2017 , DXB handled 88 million passengers and 2.65 million tonnes of cargo and registered 409,493 aircraft movements . In July 2019 , Dubai International airport installed the largest solar energy system in the region 's airports as part of Dubai 's goal to reduce 30 percent of the city energy consumption by 2030 . Dubai International Airport is situated in the Al Garhoud district , 2.5 nautical miles ( 4.6 km ; 2.9 mi ) east of Dubai and spread over an area of 7,200 acres ( 2,900 ha ) of land . Terminal 3 is the second-largest building in the world by floor space and the largest airport terminal in the world . Emirates Airline has its hub airport in Dubai International ( DXB ) and has their own terminal 3 with 3 concourses that they share with flydubai . The Emirates hub is the largest airline hub in the Middle East ; Emirates handles 51% of all passenger traffic and accounts for approximately 42% of all aircraft movements at the airport . Dubai Airport is also the base for low-cost carrier flydubai which handles 13% of passenger traffic and 25% of aircraft movements at DXB . The airport has a total capacity of 90 million passengers annually . As of January 2016 , there are over 7,700 weekly flights operated by 140 airlines to over 270 destinations across all inhabited continents . Over 63% of travelers using the airport in 2018 were connecting passengers ." } ] }, { "value": "Garhoud , Dubai , United Arab Emirates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Garhoud", "summary": "Al Garhoud ( Arabic : القرهود , al-qarhūd ) is a commercial and residential zone . It is near Mirdif and it is located in Dubai , United Arab Emirates . Al Garhoud is close to Dubai International Airport and therefore preferred by Emirates Airline pilots as a living place . [ citation needed ] The Emirates Aviation College is also situated in Al Garhoud . The roads around Al Garhoud are notorious for their traffic . People generally leave out the 'Al ' part of Al Garhoud and call it Garhoud . The Emirates Airline/Emirates Group head office is in Garhoud . Daallo Airlines has its head office in the airport Free Zone ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dubai", "summary": "Dubai ( /duːˈbaɪ/ doo-BY ; Arabic : دبي Dubay , Gulf Arabic : Arabic pronunciation : [ dʊˈbɑj ] ) is the most populous city in the United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) and the capital of the Emirate of Dubai . Located in the eastern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the coast of the Persian Gulf , Dubai aims to be the business hub of Western Asia . It is also a major global transport hub for passengers and cargo . Oil revenue helped accelerate the development of the city , which was already a major mercantile hub . Today , less than 5% of the emirate 's revenue comes from oil . A centre for regional and international trade since the early 20th century , Dubai 's economy relies on revenues from trade , tourism , aviation , real estate , and financial services ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates", "summary": "The United Arab Emirates ( UAE ; Arabic : الإمارات العربية المتحدة al-ʾImārāt al-ʿArabīyyah al-Muttaḥidah ) , sometimes simply called the Emirates ( Arabic : الإمارات al-ʾImārāt ) , is a country in Western Asia at the northeast end of the Arabian Peninsula on the Persian Gulf , bordering Oman to the east and Saudi Arabia to the south and west , as well as sharing maritime borders with Qatar to the west and Iran to the north . The sovereign constitutional monarchy is a federation of seven emirates consisting of Abu Dhabi ( which serves as the capital ) , Ajman , Dubai , Fujairah , Ras Al Khaimah , Sharjah and Umm Al Quwain . Their boundaries are complex , with numerous enclaves within the various emirates . Each emirate is governed by a ruler ; together , they jointly form the Federal Supreme Council . One of the rulers serves as the President of the United Arab Emirates . In 2013 , the UAE 's population was 9.2 million , of which 1.4 million are Emirati citizens and 7.8 million are expatriates . Human occupation of the present UAE has been traced back to the emergence of anatomically modern humans from Africa some 125,000 BCE through finds at the Faya-1 site in Mleiha , Sharjah . Burial sites dating back to the Neolithic Age and the Bronze Age include the oldest known such inland site at Jebel Buhais . Known as Magan to the Sumerians , the area was home to a prosperous Bronze Age trading culture during the Umm Al Nar period , which traded between the Indus Valley , Bahrain and Mesopotamia as well as Iran , Bactria and the Levant . The ensuing Wadi Suq period and three Iron Ages saw the emergence of nomadism as well as the development of water management and irrigation systems supporting human settlement in both the coast and interior . The Islamic age of the UAE dates back to the expulsion of the Sasanians and the subsequent Battle of Dibba . The UAE 's long history of trade led to the emergence of Julfar , in the present-day emirate of Ras Al Khaimah , as a major regional trading and maritime hub in the area ." } ] }, { "value": "DXB/OMDB", "urls": [] }, { "value": "77,453,466", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10.7%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "London Heathrow Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heathrow_Airport", "summary": "Heathrow Airport , also known as London Heathrow ( IATA : LHR , ICAO : EGLL ) , is a major international airport in London , United Kingdom . Heathrow is the second busiest airport in the world by international passenger traffic , as well as the busiest airport in Europe by passenger traffic , and the seventh busiest airport in the world by total passenger traffic . It is one of six international airports serving London region . In 2019 , it handled a record 80.8 million passengers , a 0.9% increase from 2018 as well as 475,861 aircraft movements , a decrease of 1,743 from 2018 . The airport facility is owned and operated by Heathrow Airport Holdings . Heathrow lies 14 miles ( 23 km ) west of Central London , and has two parallel east-west runways along with four operational terminals on a site that covers 12.27 square kilometres ( 4.74 sq mi ) . The airport is the primary hub for British Airways and the primary operating base for Virgin Atlantic . In September 2012 , the Government of the United Kingdom established the Airports Commission , an independent commission chaired by Sir Howard Davies to examine various options for increasing capacity at UK airports . In July 2015 , the commission backed a third runway at Heathrow , which the government approved in October 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hillingdon , Greater London , United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hillingdon", "summary": "The London Borough of Hillingdon ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a large borough located in Greater London , England which had a population of 273,936 according to the 2011 Census . It was formed from the districts of Hayes and Harlington , Ruislip-Northwood , Uxbridge , and Yiewsley and West Drayton in the county of Middlesex . Today , Hillingdon is home to Heathrow Airport ( which straddles the border between Hillingdon and Hounslow ) and Brunel University , and is the second largest of the 32 London boroughs by area . Hillingdon Council governs the borough , with its headquarters in the Civic Centre in Uxbridge . For administrative purposes , the borough is split into North and South Hillingdon . The south 's former strong connection with industry has diminished since the 1980s to be replaced by a preponderantly residential suburban population ; the north has remained a consistently residential suburban area , although with significant swathes of rural land . The borough 's residential areas expanded with the extension of the Metropolitan Railway from Harrow on the Hill to Uxbridge in the early 20th century and the gradual establishment of stops along the line , becoming known as Metro-land . The main towns in the borough are Hayes , Ruislip and Uxbridge ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Greater_London", "summary": "Greater London is a ceremonial county of England that makes up the majority of the London region . This region forms the administrative boundaries of London and is organised into 33 local government districts - the 32 London boroughs and the City of London , which is located within the region but is separate from the county . The Greater London Authority , based in Southwark , is responsible for strategic local government across the region and consists of the Mayor of London and the London Assembly . The City of London Corporation is the principal local authority for the City of London , with a similar role to that of the 32 London borough councils . Administratively , Greater London was first established as a sui generis council area under the Greater London Council between 1963 and 1986 . The county of Greater London was created on 1 April 1965 through the London Government Act 1963 . The area was re-established as a region in 1994 . The Greater London Authority was formed in 2000 . The region covers 1,572 km2 ( 607 sq mi ) and had a population of 8,174,000 at the 2011 census . The Greater London Built-up Area is used in some national statistics and is a measure of the continuous urban area and includes areas outside the administrative region . There is about 420 parks in this region and 69 of them are at the southern region as of 2020/02/02 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "LHR/EGLL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "69,816,491", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.5%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hong Kong International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hong_Kong_International_Airport", "summary": "Hong Kong International Airport ( IATA : HKG , ICAO : VHHH ) is Hong Kong 's main airport , built on reclaimed land on the island of Chek Lap Kok . The airport is also referred to as Chek Lap Kok International Airport ( 赤鱲角機場 ) or Chek Lap Kok Airport , to distinguish it from its predecessor , the former Kai Tak Airport . Having been in commercial operation since 1998 , Chek Lap Kok Airport is an important regional trans-shipment centre , passenger hub and gateway for destinations in China ( with 45 destinations ) and the rest of Asia . The airport is the world 's busiest cargo gateway and one of the world 's busiest passenger airports . It is also home to one of the world 's largest passenger terminal buildings ( the largest when opened in 1998 ) . The airport is operated by the Airport Authority Hong Kong 24 hours a day and is the primary hub for Cathay Pacific ( the flag carrier of Hong Kong ) , Cathay Dragon , Hong Kong Airlines , HK Express and Air Hong Kong ( cargo carrier ) . The airport is one of the hubs of Oneworld alliance , and also one of the Asia-Pacific cargo hubs for UPS Airlines . It is a focus city for many airlines , including China Airlines and China Eastern Airlines . Singapore Airlines , Ethiopian Airlines and Air India utilise Hong Kong as a stopover point for their flights . HKIA is an important contributor to Hong Kong 's economy , with approximately 65,000 employees . More than 100 airlines operate flights from the airport to over 180 cities across the globe . In 2015 , HKIA handled 68.5 million passengers , making it the 8th busiest airport worldwide by passenger traffic ." } ] }, { "value": "Chek Lap Kok , Islands , New Territories , Hong Kong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chek_Lap_Kok", "summary": "Chek Lap Kok ( Chinese : 赤鱲角 ) is an island in the western waters of Hong Kong 's New Territories . Unlike the smaller Lam Chau , it was only partially leveled when it was assimilated via land reclamation into the 12.48 square kilometres ( 4.82 sq mi ) island for the current Hong Kong International Airport , which opened for commercial aviation in 1998 . The airport is popularly referred to as Chek Lap Kok Airport to distinguish it from the former Hong Kong International Airport , now commonly known as Kai Tak Airport ( 啟德機場 ) . Hong Kong SkyCity , a business and entertainment complex , is also located on Chek Lap Kok . It includes AsiaWorld-Expo , a convention and exhibition centre , which opened in 2005 . Cathay Pacific City , the head office of Cathay Pacific , and the head offices of Dragonair and Hong Kong Airlines are also located on the airport platform ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Islands_District", "summary": "The Islands District ( Chinese : 離島區 ) is one of the 18 districts of Hong Kong . It is part of the New Territories . It had a population of 141,327 in 2011 . Hong Kong consists of a peninsula and 236 islands . The Islands District consists of some twenty large and small islands which lie to the south and southwest of Hong Kong . With an area that is 16% of Hong Kong and a population that is 2% of Hong Kong , the Islands District is the largest in terms of area and also the least populated . It is therefore the district with by far the lowest population density of 783 per km2 . The outlying islands are notable for a more relaxed way of life than that of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon Peninsula . The district has the third-youngest residents . Many islands of Hong Kong are actually not part of the district . Most notably , Hong Kong Island contains four districts itself . The term Outlying Islands tends to refer to the islands of the Islands District ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_Territories", "summary": "The New Territories ( Chinese : 新界 ; Cantonese Yale : Sān'gaai ) is one of the three main regions of Hong Kong , alongside Hong Kong Island and the Kowloon Peninsula . It makes up 86.2% of Hong Kong 's territory , and contains around half of the population of Hong Kong . Historically , it is the region described in the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory . According to that treaty , the territories comprise the mainland area north of the Boundary Street of Kowloon Peninsula and south of the Sham Chun River ( which is the border between Hong Kong and Mainland China ) , as well as over 200 outlying islands , including Lantau Island , Lamma Island , Cheung Chau , and Peng Chau in the territory of Hong Kong ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hong_Kong", "summary": "Hong Kong ( /ˌhɒŋˈkɒŋ/ ( listen ) ; Chinese : 香港 , Cantonese : [ hœ́ːŋ.kɔ̌ːŋ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People 's Republic of China ( HKSAR ) , is a city and special administrative region on the eastern side of the Pearl River estuary in southern China . With over 7.4 million people of various nationalities [ d ] in a 1,104-square-kilometre ( 426 sq mi ) territory , Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated places in the world . Hong Kong became a colony of the British Empire after Qing Empire ceded Hong Kong Island at the end of the First Opium War in 1842 . The colony expanded to the Kowloon Peninsula in 1860 after the Second Opium War , and was further extended when Britain obtained a 99-year lease of the New Territories in 1898 . The territory was returned to China in 1997 . As a special administrative region , Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic systems from that of mainland China under the principle of one country , two systems . Originally a sparsely populated area of farming and fishing villages , the territory has become one of the world 's most significant financial centres and commercial ports . It is the world 's tenth-largest exporter and ninth-largest importer . As one of the world 's leading international financial centres , Hong Kong has a major capitalist service economy characterised by low taxation and free trade , and the currency , Hong Kong dollar , is the eighth most traded currency in the world . Hong Kong hosts the largest concentration of ultra high-net-worth individuals of any city in the world . Although the city has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world , there is severe income inequality among its residents . Hong Kong is a highly developed territory and ranks fourth on the UN Human Development Index ." } ] }, { "value": "HKG/VHHH", "urls": [] }, { "value": "68,139,897", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle_Airport", "summary": "Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport ( French : Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle , IATA : CDG , ICAO : LFPG ) , also known as Roissy Airport , is the largest international airport in France and second-busiest airport in Europe . Opened in 1974 , it is located in Roissy-en-France , 23 km ( 14 mi ) northeast of Paris . It is named after Charles de Gaulle ( 1890-1970 ) . Charles de Gaulle Airport is located within portions of several communes in Val-d'Oise , Seine-Saint-Denis and Seine-et-Marne . It serves as the principal hub for Air France and a destination for other legacy carriers ( from Star Alliance , Oneworld and SkyTeam ) , as well as a focus city for low-cost carriers easyJet , Vueling , and Norwegian Air Shuttle . The Airport is operated by Groupe ADP under the brand Paris Aéroport . In 2019 , the airport handled 76,150,007 passengers and 498,175 aircraft movements , thus making it the world 's tenth-busiest airport , and Europe 's second-busiest airport ( after London Heathrow ) in terms of passenger numbers . In terms of cargo traffic , the airport is the twelfth-busiest in the world and the second-busiest in Europe ( after Frankfurt Airport ) , handling 2,150,950 metric tonnes of cargo in 2012 . As of 2017 , the airport offers direct flights to the most countries and hosts the most airlines in the world . Marc Houalla has been the director of the airport since 12 February 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Roissy-en-France , Val d'Oise , Île-de-France , France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roissy-en-France", "summary": "Roissy-en-France ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʁwasi ɑ̃ fʁɑ̃s ] ; colloquially simply called Roissy ) is a commune in the northeastern suburbs of Paris , France , in the Val-d'Oise department . It is located 20.7 km ( 12.9 mi ) from the center of Paris . One-quarter of Charles de Gaulle Airport ( France 's main airport ) but none of the terminals is in the commune of Roissy-en-France , which gave its original name to the airport . Later renamed Charles de Gaulle Airport , the airport is still commonly referred to as Roissy Airport in France . The rest of the airport lies on the territory of the commune of Tremblay-en-France and several other communes ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Val_d'Oise", "summary": "Val-d'Oise ( French : [ val dwaz ] ( listen ) , Valley of the Oise ) is a French department , created in 1968 after the split of the Seine-et-Oise department and located in the Île-de-France region . It gets its name from the Oise River , a major tributary of the Seine , which crosses the region after having started in Belgium and flowed through north-eastern France . Charles de Gaulle Airport , France 's main international airport is partially located in Roissy-en-France , a commune of Val d'Oise ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Île-de-France_(region)", "summary": "Île-de-France ( /ˌiːl də ˈfrɒ̃s/ , French : [ il də fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ; literally Island of France ) is the most populous of the 18 regions of France . It is located in the north-central part of the country and often called the région parisienne ( Paris Region ) because it includes the city of Paris . Île-de-France is densely populated and economically important : it covers only 12,012 square kilometres ( 4,638 square miles ) , about 2% of France 's territory , but has an official estimated population of 12,213,364 ( 18.2% of the population of France ) and accounts for nearly 30% of the French Gross Domestic Product ( GDP ) . The region is made up of eight administrative departments : Paris , Essonne , Hauts-de-Seine , Seine-Saint-Denis , Seine-et-Marne , Val-de-Marne , Val-d'Oise and Yvelines . It was created as the District of the Paris Region in 1961 and renamed in 1976 after the historic province of Île-de-France , when its status was aligned with the other French administrative regions created in 1972 . Residents are sometimes referred to as Franciliens , an administrative word created in the 1980s . The GDP of the region in 2016 was €681 billion ( or US $ 850 billion at market exchange rates ) . It has the highest per-capita GDP among regions in France and the third-highest of regions in the European Union . In 2018 , almost all of the twenty-eight French companies listed in the Fortune Global 500 had their headquarters in the Paris Region . Besides the landmarks of Paris , the region has many important historic sites , including the Palace of Versailles and the Palace of Fontainebleau , as well as the most-visited tourist attraction in France , Disneyland Paris . The poverty rate in Île-de-France was 15.9% in 2015 , compared with 12.3% in 2006 . The region is also increasingly unequal ." }, { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "CDG/LFPG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "60,369,798", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amsterdam_Airport_Schiphol", "summary": "Amsterdam Airport Schiphol ( IATA : AMS , ICAO : EHAM ) , known informally as Schiphol Airport ( Dutch : Luchthaven Schiphol , pronounced [ ˌlʏxtɦaːvə ( n ) ˈsxɪp ( ɦ ) ɔl ] ) , is the main international airport of the Netherlands . It is located 9 kilometres ( 5.6 miles ) southwest of Amsterdam , in the municipality of Haarlemmermeer in North Holland . It is the third-busiest airport in Europe in terms of passenger volume and the busiest in Europe in terms of aircraft movement . The airport is built as a single-terminal concept : one large terminal split into three large departure halls . Schiphol is the hub for KLM and its regional affiliate KLM Cityhopper as well as for Corendon Dutch Airlines , Martinair , Transavia and TUI fly Netherlands . The airport also serves as a base for EasyJet and LEVEL . Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase . The end of the First World War also saw the beginning of civilian use of Schiphol Airport and the airport eventually lost its military role completely . By 1940 , Schiphol had four asphalt runways at 45-degree angles . The airport was captured by the German military that same year and renamed Fliegerhorst Schiphol . The airport was destroyed through bombing but at the end of the war , the airfield was soon rebuilt . In 1949 , it was decided that Schiphol was to become the primary airport of the Netherlands ." } ] }, { "value": "Haarlemmermeer , North Holland , Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Haarlemmermeer", "summary": "Haarlemmermeer [ ˌɦaːrlɛmərˈmeːr ] ( listen ) is a municipality in the Netherlands , in the province of North Holland . It is a polder , consisting of land reclaimed from water , and the name Haarlemmermeer means Haarlem 's Lake , still referring to the body of water from which the region was reclaimed in the 19th century . Its main town is Hoofddorp . It is one of the largest towns ( pop . 70,030 ) in the Netherlands whose name is not used as the name of a municipality . This town , together with the rapidly growing towns of Nieuw-Vennep and Badhoevedorp , forms part of the Randstad agglomeration . The Netherlands ' main international airport Schiphol is located in Haarlemmermeer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/North_Holland", "summary": "North Holland ( Dutch : Noord-Holland pronounced [ ˌnoːrt ˈɦɔlɑnt ] ( listen ) , West Frisian : Noard-Hollân ) is a province of the Netherlands in the northwestern part of the country . It is on the North Sea , north of South Holland and Utrecht , and west of Friesland and Flevoland . In November 2019 , it had a population of 2,877,909 and a total area of 4,092 km2 ( 1,580 sq mi ) , of which 1,430 km2 ( 550 sq mi ) is water . From the 9th to the 16th century , the area was an integral part of the County of Holland . During this period West Friesland was incorporated . In the 17th and 18th century , the area was part of the province of Holland and commonly known as the Noorderkwartier ( English : Northern Quarter ) . In 1840 , the province of Holland was split into the two provinces of North Holland and South Holland . In 1855 , the Haarlemmermeer was drained and turned into land . The provincial capital is Haarlem ( pop . 161,265 ) , the province 's largest city and also the largest city in the Netherlands is the Dutch capital Amsterdam , with a population of 862,965 as of November 2019 . The King 's Commissioner of North Holland is Johan Remkes , serving since 2010 . There are 51 municipalities and three ( including parts of ) water boards in the province ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "AMS/EHAM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "58,245,545", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Singapore Changi Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Singapore_Changi_Airport", "summary": "Singapore Changi Airport , commonly known as Changi Airport ( IATA : SIN , ICAO : WSSS ) , is a major civilian airport that serves Singapore , and is one of the largest transportation hubs in Asia . It is currently rated the World 's Best Airport by Skytrax for the seventh consecutive year since 2013 . It is also the first Airport in the world to do so for seven consecutive years and is one of the world 's busiest airports by international passenger and cargo traffic . The airport is located in Changi , at the eastern end of Singapore , approximately 20 km ( 12 mi ) from Marina Bay ( Singapore 's Downtown Core ) , on a 13-square-kilometre ( 5.0 sq mi ) site . The airport is operated by Changi Airport Group and it is the home base of Singapore Airlines , Singapore Airlines Cargo , SilkAir , Scoot , Jetstar Asia Airways and BOC Aviation . In 2019 , Changi served 68.3 million passengers , making it the 16th busiest airport in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Changi , East Region , Singapore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Changi", "summary": "Changi ( /tʃɑːŋiː/ ) is a planning area located in the geographical region of Tanah Merah in the East Region of Singapore . Sharing borders with Pasir Ris and Tampines to the west , Changi Bay to the southeast , the South China Sea to the east and the Serangoon Harbour to the north . Changi , excluding the two water catchments and islands of Singapore , is the largest planning area by land size . Today , Changi is an aviation hub . It is the location of both the Changi Airport and Changi Air Base . Also located within Changi is Singapore 's largest prison , Changi Prison . It was used as a Japanese prisoner-of-war camp during the occupation of Singapore in World War II . The prison is Singapore 's oldest operating internment facility ." }, { "url": "/wiki/East_Region,_Singapore", "summary": "The East Region of Singapore is one of the five regions in the city-state . The region is the 2nd most densely populated among the five , and has the smallest land area . Bedok is the region 's most populous town and Tampines is the regional centre of the area . Comprising 11,000 hectares , it includes six planning areas and is also home to Singapore 's Changi Airport and Paya Lebar Airbase The region also houses the Paya Lebar Air Base , Changi Naval Base and Changi Prison , which was first constructed in 1936 by the British and is Singapore 's oldest internment facility ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Singapore", "summary": "Singapore ( /ˈsɪŋ ( ɡ ) əpɔːr/ ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Singapore , is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia . Singapore is located about one degree ( 137 kilometres or 85 miles ) north of the equator , and is situated off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula , and by extension , the southernmost extremity of continental Asia . The island country shares its southern maritime border with Indonesia 's Riau Islands , its northern , western , and eastern maritime borders with the Johor state of Peninsular Malaysia , and is in the vicinity of Sumatra to its west and Borneo to its east . It is enveloped by the littoral waters of the Johore Strait to its north and the Singapore Strait to its south , and is geographically positioned within the confluence of the Indian and Pacific Oceans , being bounded by the Malacca Strait to its west and the South China Sea to its east . The country 's territory is composed of one main island and 58 smaller islets , the combined area of which has increased by almost 25% since the country 's independence as a result of extensive land reclamation projects . Although Singapore has been a constituent part of several Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic empires and Islamic sultanates throughout its millennia-long history , modern Singapore , then part of the erstwhile Johor Sultanate , was founded in 1819 when Stamford Raffles , a British colonial officer , established a trading post of the East India Company on the island . In 1824 , the island and its satellite islets were fully ceded by the Johor Sultanate , and in 1826 , Singapore was incorporated into the Straits Settlements , a group of East India Company territories in the Malay peninsula . From 1830 to 1858 , the Straits Settlements were administered as a Malayan subdivision of the East India Company 's Bengal Presidency ; following the Indian Rebellion of 1857 , the Presidency and its constituent Settlements were reorganised into the British Raj . In 1867 , Britain 's colonial holdings in the Malay archipelago were separated from British India , and the administration of the Straits Settlements was transferred from Calcutta to London , bringing the Straits Settlements under the direct control of the British Crown as a crown colony . From 1867 to the 1940s , Singapore grew into a successful entrepôt that attracted settlers and sojourners from the region and beyond . During the Second World War , Imperial Japan successfully invaded Singapore , resulting in an interregnum of British rule corresponding with a brief Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 . Following Japan 's surrender in 1945 , the Straits Settlements were dissolved , with Singapore being returned to British control as a standalone crown colony in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "SIN/WSSS", "urls": [] }, { "value": "54,835,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.9%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Frankfurt Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frankfurt_Airport", "summary": "Frankfurt am Main Airport ( IATA : FRA , ICAO : EDDF ) ( German : Flughafen Frankfurt am Main [ ˈfluːkhaːfn̩ ˌfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] , also known as Rhein-Main-Flughafen ) is a major international airport located in Frankfurt , the fifth-largest city of Germany and one of the world 's leading financial centres . It is operated by Fraport and serves as the main hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa CityLine and Lufthansa Cargo as well as Condor and AeroLogic . The airport covers an area of 2,300 hectares ( 5,683 acres ) of land and features two passenger terminals with a capacity of approximately 65 million passengers per year , four runways and extensive logistics and maintenance facilities . Frankfurt Airport is the busiest airport by passenger traffic in Germany as well as the 4th busiest in Europe after London Heathrow Airport , Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport and Amsterdam Airport Schiphol . The airport is also the 13th busiest worldwide by total number of passengers in 2016 , with 60.786 million passengers using the airport in 2016 . In 2017 Frankfurt Airport handled 64.5 million passengers and in 2018 nearly 70 million . It also had a freight throughput of 2.076 million metric tonnes in 2015 and is the busiest airport in Europe by cargo traffic . As of summer 2017 , Frankfurt Airport serves more than 300 destinations in 5 continents , making it the airport with the most direct routes in the world . The southern side of the airport ground was home to the Rhein-Main Air Base , which was a major air base for the United States from 1947 until 2005 , when the air base was closed and the property was acquired by Fraport . In 2017 , passengers at the airport increased by 6.1% to 64,500,386 compared to 2016 . The airport celebrated its 80th anniversary in July 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Flughafen , Frankfurt , Hesse , Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flughafen_(Frankfurt_am_Main)", "summary": "Frankfurt-Flughafen is a city district of Frankfurt am Main , Germany . It is part of the Ortsbezirk Süd and is subdivided into the Stadtbezirke Unterwald and Flughafen . Frankfurt-Flughafen contains the whole airport ground of Frankfurt Airport after which the district is named . With only 218 inhabitants it is the least populated ( and least densely populated ) district but with 71,500 people employed at about 500 airport companies ( 2010 ) it is also the district with the most employees . Due to its statistical anomalies , it also enjoys the highest per capita income in the city . In relation to the area Frankfurt-Flughafen is the second largest district after Sachsenhausen . It is entirely surrounded by the Frankfurt City Forest . Frankfurt-Flughafen does not lack infrastructure : Within the district are two train stations ( Frankfurt Airport regional station and Frankfurt Airport long-distance station ) , several hotels , a hospital , places of worship for all major religious groups , many restaurants ( including Europe 's largest McDonald 's ) and shops ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Frankfurt_am_Main", "summary": "Frankfurt ( officially : Frankfurt am Main ( German : [ ˈfʁaŋkfʊʁt ʔam ˈmaɪn ] ( listen ) ; Hessian : Frangford am Maa ; lit . Frank ford on the [ a ] Main ) ) is a metropolis and the largest city of the German federal state of Hesse , and its 746,878 ( 2017 ) inhabitants make it the fifth-largest city in Germany . On the River Main ( a tributary of the Rhine ) , it forms a continuous conurbation with the neighbouring city of Offenbach am Main , and its urban area has a population of 2.3 million . The city is at the centre of the larger Rhine-Main Metropolitan Region , which has a population of 5.5 million and is Germany 's second-largest metropolitan region after the Rhine-Ruhr Region . Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2013 , the geographic centre of the EU is about 40 km ( 25 mi ) to the east of Frankfurt 's central business district . Like France and Franconia , the city is named after the Franks . Frankfurt is the largest city in the Rhine Franconian dialect area ( Franconian dialects ) , Frankfurt was one of the host cities of the official tournaments of the 1974 and the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Frankfurt was a city state , the Free City of Frankfurt , for nearly five centuries , and was one of the most important cities of the Holy Roman Empire , as a site of imperial coronations ; it lost its sovereignty upon the collapse of the empire in 1806 and then permanently in 1866 , when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia . It has been part of the federal state of Hesse since 1945 . Frankfurt is culturally , ethnically , and religiously diverse , with half of its population , and a majority of young people , having a migration background . A quarter of the population consists of foreign nationals , including many expatriates . Frankfurt is an alpha world city and a global hub for commerce , culture , education , tourism and transportation ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hesse", "summary": "Hesse ( /hɛs/ , also US : /ˈhɛsə , ˈhɛsi/ , Hessian dialect : [ ˈhɛzə ] ) or Hessia ( UK : /ˈhɛsiə/ , US : /ˈhɛʃə/ ; German : Hessen [ ˈhɛsn̩ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the State of Hesse ( German : Land Hessen ) , is a parliamentary republic in western Europe and , with just over six million inhabitants , a member state of the Federal Republic of Germany as of 1949 . Its capital city is Wiesbaden , the largest metropolitan area is Frankfurt am Main . As a cultural region , Hesse also includes the area known as Rhenish Hesse ( Rheinhessen ) in the neighbouring state of Rhineland-Palatinate ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "FRA/EDDF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53,994,154", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.4%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seoul Incheon International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seoul_Incheon_International_Airport", "summary": "Incheon International Airport ( IIA ) ( Korean : 인천국제공항 ; Hanja : 仁川國際空港 ) ( IATA : ICN , ICAO : RKSI ) ( sometimes referred to as Seoul-Incheon International Airport ) is the largest airport in South Korea , the primary airport serving the Seoul Capital Area , and one of the largest and busiest airports in the world . Since 2005 , it has been rated the best airport worldwide by Airports Council International every year . It is also rated as the world 's cleanest airport and the world 's best international transit airport by Skytrax . The airport has a golf course , spa , private sleeping rooms , an ice skating rink , a casino , indoor gardens , video game center and a Museum of Korean Culture . Airport authorities claim that average departure and arrival takes 19 minutes and 12 minutes , respectively , as compared to worldwide average of 60 minutes and 45 minutes , respectively , ranking it among the fastest airports in the world for customs processing . Its duty-free shopping mall has been rated the world 's best for three years in a row in 2013 by Business Traveller . Incheon International Airport also claims that it has only a 0.0001% baggage mishandling rate . The airport opened for business on March 29 , 2001 to replace the older Gimpo International Airport , which now serves mostly domestic destinations and shuttle flights to several East Asian metropolitan areas including Tokyo , Osaka , Beijing , Shanghai , and Taipei . Incheon International Airport is located west of Incheon 's city center , on an artificially created piece of land between Yeongjong and Yongyu Islands . The two islands were originally separated by shallow sea . That area between the two islands was reclaimed for the construction project , effectively connecting the once separate Yeongjong and Yongyu islands . The reclaimed area as well as the two islands are all part of Jung-gu , an administrative district of Incheon ." } ] }, { "value": "Jung-gu , Incheon , South Korea", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jung-gu,_Incheon", "summary": "Jung District ( Jung-gu , Korean : 중구 ; 中區 ) is the historic central ward of the city of Incheon , South Korea , one of the eight wards into which Incheon is divided . Its name means central in Korean . It was founded in 1883 on the opening of the Jemulpo Port and contains several historical and cultural heritage monuments , such as Dap-dong Cathedral , Hongyemun Gate , The First Anglican Church , and Jayu Park , Korea 's first modern park . Incheon is the gateway to Seoul , the capital of South Korea . In modern times it became a trading port , eventually growing to become the second-largest port in South Korea . It is also contains Incheon International Airport ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Incheon", "summary": "Incheon ( Korean : 인천 ; Hanja : 仁川 ; Korean pronunciation : [ intɕʰʌn ] ; McCune-Reischauer romanization Inchŏn ; literally kind river ) , officially the Incheon Metropolitan City ( 인천광역시 ) , is a city located in northwestern South Korea , bordering Seoul and Gyeonggi to the east . Inhabited since the Neolithic , Incheon was home to just 4,700 people when it became an international port in 1883 . Today , about 3 million people live in the city , making it South Korea 's third most-populous city after Seoul and Busan . The city 's growth has been assured in modern times with the development of its port due to its natural advantages as a coastal city and its proximity to the South Korean capital . It is part of the Seoul Capital Area , along with Seoul itself and Gyeonggi Province , forming the world 's fourth largest metropolitan area by population . Incheon has since led the economic development of Korea by opening its port to the outside world , ushering in the modernization of Korea as a center of industrialization . In 2003 , the city was designated as Korea 's first free economic zone . Since then , large local companies and global enterprises have increasingly invested in the Incheon Free Economic Zone , including Samsung which chose Songdo International City as its new investment destination for its bio industry . As an international city , Incheon has held numerous large scale international conferences , such as the Incheon Global Fair & Festival in 2009 . The 17th Asian Games Incheon 2014 was also held in Incheon on 19 September 2014 . Incheon has established itself as a major transportation hub in northeast Asia with the Incheon International Airport and Incheon Port . The city is also home to the Green Climate Fund , an international organization addressing environmental issues ." }, { "url": "/wiki/South_Korea", "summary": "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ." } ] }, { "value": "ICN/RKSI", "urls": [] }, { "value": "48,720,319", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8.5%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Suvarnabhumi Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Suvarnabhumi_Airport", "summary": "Suvarnabhumi Airport ( Thai : ท่าอากาศยานสุวรรณภูมิ , RTGS : Tha-akatsayan Suwannaphum , pronounced [ tʰâː.ʔāː.kàːt̚.sā.jāːn.sùʔ.wān.nā.pʰūːm ] ( listen ) ; from Sanskrit सुवर्णभूमि ( Suvarṇabhūmi ) , literally 'golden land ' ) ( IATA : BKK , ICAO : VTBS ) , also known unofficially as Bangkok Airport , is one of two international airports serving Bangkok , Thailand . The other one is Don Mueang International Airport , which was the main international airport from 1924 to 2006 and transitioned in 2007 to become the low-cost airlines hub for Bangkok . Suvarnabhumi covers an area of 3,240 ha ( 32.4 km2 ; 8,000 acres ) , making it one of the biggest international airports in Southeast Asia and a regional hub for aviation ." } ] }, { "value": "Racha Thewa , Bang Phli , Samut Prakan , Greater Bangkok , Thailand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Racha_Thewa", "summary": "Racha Thewa ( Thai : ราชาเทวะ , pronounced [ rāː.t͡ɕʰāː tʰēː.wáʔ ] ) is a commune ( tambon ) in Bang Phli District , Samut Prakan Province , Thailand . It is the site of Suvarnabhumi Airport . The name of the district originates from Saming Racha , a well-known family in the area ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Amphoe_Bang_Phli", "summary": "Bang Phli ( Thai : บางพลี , pronounced [ bāːŋ pʰlīː ] ) is a district ( amphoe ) of Samut Prakan Province in Thailand . It is home to Suvarnabhumi Airport ( also called ( New ) Bangkok International Airport ) , which opened on 28 September 2006 as Thailand 's primary airport . The district was part of the once-proposed Nakhon Suvarnabhumi Province ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Samut_Prakan_Province", "summary": "Samut Prakan ( Thai : สมุทรปราการ , pronounced [ sāmùt prāːkāːn ] ( listen ) ) is one of the central provinces ( changwat ) of Thailand , established by the Act Establishing Changwat Samut Prakan , Changwat Nonthaburi , Changwat Samut Sakhon and Changwat Nakhon Nayok , Buddhist Era 2489 ( 1946 ) , which came into force 9 May 1946 . It is part of the Bangkok Metropolitan Region . Neighbouring provinces are Bangkok , to the north and west , and Chachoengsao to the east . Suvarnabhumi Airport is located in the Bang Phli District of Samut Prakan Province as well as the districts of Prawet , Bang Kapi and Lat Krabang in neighbouring Bangkok city ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bangkok", "summary": "Bangkok [ a ] is the capital and most populous city of Thailand . It is known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon [ b ] or simply Krung Thep . [ c ] The city occupies 1,568.7 square kilometres ( 605.7 sq mi ) in the Chao Phraya River delta in central Thailand and has a population of over eight million , 12.6 percent of the country 's population . Over fourteen million people ( 22.2 percent ) lived within the surrounding Bangkok Metropolitan Region at the 2010 census , making Bangkok the nation 's primate city , dwarfing Thailand 's other urban centres in both size and importance to the national economy . Bangkok traces its roots to a small trading post during the Ayutthaya Kingdom in the 15th century , which eventually grew and became the site of two capital cities : Thonburi in 1768 and Rattanakosin in 1782 . Bangkok was at the heart of the modernization of Siam , later renamed Thailand , during the late-19th century , as the country faced pressures from the West . The city was at the centre of Thailand 's political struggles throughout the 20th century , as the country abolished absolute monarchy , adopted constitutional rule , and underwent numerous coups and several uprisings . The city grew rapidly during the 1960s through the 1980s and now exerts a significant impact on Thailand 's politics , economy , education , media and modern society . [ citation needed ] The Asian investment boom in the 1980s and 1990s led many multinational corporations to locate their regional headquarters in Bangkok . The city is now a regional force in finance and business . It is an international hub for transport and health care , and has emerged as a centre for the arts , fashion , and entertainment . The city is known for its street life and cultural landmarks , as well as its red-light districts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Thailand", "summary": "Thailand , [ a ] officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam , [ b ] is a country at the centre of the Southeast Asian Indochinese Peninsula composed of 76 provinces . At 513,120 km2 ( 198,120 sq mi ) and over 68 million people , Thailand is the world 's 50th-largest country by total area and the 21st-most-populous country . The capital and largest city is Bangkok , a special administrative area . Thailand is bordered to the north by Myanmar and Laos , to the east by Laos and Cambodia , to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia , and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Myanmar . Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast , and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest . It is a unitary state . Although nominally the country is a constitutional monarchy and parliamentary democracy , the most recent coup , in 2014 , established a de facto military dictatorship under a junta . Tai peoples migrated from southwestern China to mainland Southeast Asia from the 11th century ; the oldest known mention of their presence in the region by the exonym Siamese dates to the 12th century . Various Indianised kingdoms such as the Mon kingdoms , Khmer Empire and Malay states ruled the region , competing with Thai states such as the Kingdoms of Ngoenyang , Sukhothai , Lan Na and Ayutthaya , which rivaled each other . Documented European contact began in 1511 with a Portuguese diplomatic mission to Ayutthaya , now one of the great powers in the region . Ayutthaya reached its peak during cosmopolitan Narai 's reign ( 1656-1688 ) , gradually declining thereafter until being ultimately destroyed in the 1767 Burmese-Siamese War . Taksin ( r. 1767-1782 ) quickly reunified the fragmented territory and established the short-lived Thonburi Kingdom ." } ] }, { "value": "BKK/VTBS", "urls": [] }, { "value": "43,251,807", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Atatürk International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atatürk_International_Airport", "summary": "Istanbul Atatürk Airport ( IATA : ISL , ICAO : LTBA ) ( former IATA code : IST ) ( Turkish : İstanbul Atatürk Havalimanı ) is a general aviation , cargo , and state aircraft airport in Istanbul . It closed to commercial passenger flights on April 6 , 2019 when all flights were transferred to Istanbul Airport . As of 6 April 2019 , the airport is open only for cargo , maintenance , general aviation , air taxis , business flights and state and diplomatic aircraft , while commercial passenger flights are all handled at the newly built Istanbul Airport . First opened in 1912 as a military airfield , located on the European side of the city , it is located 24 km ( 15 mi ) west of the city centre . The airport was originally named Yeşilköy Airport . In the 1980s , it was renamed Istanbul Atatürk International Airport in honour of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , the founder and first president of the Republic of Turkey . It served more than 60 million passengers in 2015 , making it the 11th-busiest airport in the world in terms of total passenger traffic and the 10th-busiest in the world in terms of international passenger traffic . In 2017 , it was Europe 's 5th-busiest airport after London Heathrow , Paris Charles de Gaulle , Frankfurt Airport and Amsterdam Schiphol Airport , having fallen from third place after a decline in passengers due to security fears . Istanbul Atatürk Airport was replaced in regards to commercial passenger functions by the newly constructed Istanbul Airport , in April 2019 , in order to meet Istanbul 's growing domestic and international air traffic demand as a source , destination and transit point . Both airports were used in parallel for five months from late 2018 , with the new airport gradually expanding to serve more domestic and regional destinations . On 6 April 2019 , Atatürk 's IST IATA airport code was inherited by Istanbul Airport and Atatürk Airport was assigned the code ISL after the full transfer of all scheduled passenger activities to the new airport was completed . The final commercial flight , Turkish Airlines Flight 54 , left Atatürk Airport on 6 April 2019 at 2.44am for Singapore ." } ] }, { "value": "Yeşilköy , Bakırköy , Istanbul , Turkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yeşilköy", "summary": "Yeşilköy ( Turkish pronunciation : [ jeˈʃilcœj ] ; prior to 1926 , San Stefano or Santo Stefano from the Greek : Άγιος Στέφανος pronounced Ayos Stefanos , rendered in Turkish as Ayastefanos , Bulgarian : Сан Стефано ) is a neighbourhood ( Turkish : mahalle ) in the district of Bakırköy , Istanbul , Turkey , on the Marmara Sea about 11 kilometres ( 7 mi ) west of Istanbul 's historic city centre . Before the rapid increase of Istanbul 's population in the 1970s , Yeşilköy was merely a village and a sea resort ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bakırköy", "summary": "Bakırköy is a neighbourhood , municipality and district on the European side of Istanbul , Turkey . The quarter is densely populated , has a residential character and is inhabited by an upper middle class population . The municipality of Bakırköy is much larger than the quarter and also includes several other neighbourhoods , such as Yeşilköy , Yeşilyurt , Ataköy . Bakırköy lies between the D.100 highway ( locally known as E-5 ) and the coast of the Sea of Marmara . Bakırköy has a large psychiatric hospital called Bakırköy Ruh ve Sinir Hastalıkları Hastanesi , and is an important shopping and commercial center ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Istanbul", "summary": "Istanbul ( /ˌɪstænˈbʊl/ , also US : /ˈɪstænbʊl/ ; Turkish : İstanbul [ isˈtanbuɫ ] ( listen ) ) , formerly known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the most populous city in Turkey and the country 's economic , cultural and historic center . Istanbul is a transcontinental city in Eurasia , straddling the Bosporus strait ( which separates Europe and Asia ) between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea . Its commercial and historical center lies on the European side and about a third of its population lives in suburbs on the Asian side of the Bosporus . With a total population of around 15 million residents in its metropolitan area , Istanbul is one of the world 's most populous cities , ranking as the world 's fifth-largest city proper and the largest European city . The city is the administrative center of the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ( coterminous with Istanbul Province ) . Founded under the name of Byzantion ( Βυζάντιον ) on the Sarayburnu promontory around 660 BCE , the city grew in size and influence , becoming one of the most important cities in history . After its reestablishment as Constantinople in 330 CE , it served as an imperial capital for almost 16 centuries , during the Roman/Byzantine ( 330-1204 ) , Latin ( 1204-1261 ) , Palaiologos Byzantine ( 1261-1453 ) and Ottoman ( 1453-1922 ) empires . It was instrumental in the advancement of Christianity during Roman and Byzantine times , before the Ottomans conquered the city in 1453 CE and transformed it into an Islamic stronghold and the seat of the Ottoman Caliphate . Under the name Constantinople it was the Ottoman capital until 1923 . The capital was then moved to Ankara and the city was renamed Istanbul . The city held the strategic position between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean . It was also on the historic Silk Road ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Turkey", "summary": "Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye [ ˈtyɾcije ] ) , officially the Republic of Turkey ( Turkish : Türkiye Cumhuriyeti [ ˈtyɾcije dʒumˈhuːɾijeti ] ( listen ) ) , is a transcontinental country located mostly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia , with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe . East Thrace , the part of Turkey in Europe , is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara , the Bosporus and the Dardanelles ( collectively called the Turkish Straits ) . Istanbul , mostly located on the European side , is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital . Turkey is bordered by Greece and Bulgaria to its northwest , the Black Sea to its north , Georgia to its northeast , Armenia , the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran to its east , Iraq and Syria to its southeast , the Mediterranean Sea to its south , and the Aegean Sea to its west . Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country 's citizens identify as Turkish , while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population . At various points in its history , the region has been inhabited by diverse civilisations including the Assyrians , Greeks , Thracians , Phrygians , Urartians , and Armenians . Hellenization started during the era of Alexander the Great and continued into the Byzantine era . The Seljuk Turks began migrating into the area in the 11th century , and their victory over the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071 symbolises the start and foundation of Turkey . The Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm ruled Anatolia until the Mongol invasion in 1243 , when it disintegrated into small principalities called beyliks . Beginning in the late 13th century , the Ottomans started uniting beyliks and conquering the Balkans . After Mehmed II conquered Constantinople in 1453 , Ottoman expansion continued under Selim I . During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent the Ottoman Empire encompassed much of Southeast Europe , West Asia and North Africa and became a world power ." } ] }, { "value": "IST/LTBA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "42,302,859", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11.1%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taoyuan International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taiwan_Taoyuan_International_Airport", "summary": "Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport ( IATA : TPE , ICAO : RCTP ) is an international airport serving Taipei and northern Taiwan . Located about 40 km ( 25 mi ) west of Taipei in Dayuan District , Taoyuan , the airport is Taiwan 's largest and busiest airport . It is operated by the Taoyuan International Airport Corporation . In 2016 , it was ranked the best airport for its size in the Asia-Pacific region by Airports Council International . The airport opened for commercial operations in 1979 and is an important regional trans-shipment center , passenger hub , and gateway for destinations in Asia . Formerly known as Chiang Kai-shek International Airport , it was renamed on 6 September 2006 to its current name . It is one of two that serves Taipei ; the other , Taipei Songshan Airport , is located within city limits and served as Taipei 's only international airport until 1979 . Songshan now mainly serves chartered flights , intra-island flights , and limited international flights . In 2018 , Taiwan Taoyuan handled a record 46.5 million passengers and 2.3 billion kg of freight , making it the 11th busiest airport worldwide by international passenger traffic , and 8th busiest in terms of international freight traffic in 2018 . It is the main international hub for China Airlines and EVA Air . It is also a hub of Uni Air and the LCC Tigerair Taiwan ." } ] }, { "value": "Dayuan , Taoyuan , Taiwan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dayuan_District", "summary": "Dayuan District ( Chinese : 大園區 ; pinyin : Dàyuán Qū ) , formerly known as Dayuan Township ( Chinese : 大園鄕 ; pinyin : Dàyuán Xiāng ) is a rural , coastal district in northwestern Taoyuan City , Taiwan ( Republic of China ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Taoyuan_City", "summary": "Taoyuan [ I ] is a special municipality in northwestern Taiwan , neighboring New Taipei City , Hsinchu County , and Yilan County . Taoyuan District is the seat of the municipal government and which , along with Zhongli District , forms a large metropolitan area . Taoyuan developed from a satellite city of Taipei metropolitan area to become the fourth-largest metropolitan area , and fifth-largest populated city in Taiwan . Since commuting to the Taipei metropolitan area is easy , Taoyuan has seen the fastest population growth of all cities in Taiwan . Taoyuan means peach garden in Chinese , since the area used to have many peach trees . The city is home to many industrial parks and tech company headquarters . Taoyuan International Airport , which serves the capital , Taipei and the rest of northern Taiwan , is located in this city . The city of Taoyuan has been elevated to special municipality status since 2014 from the original Taoyuan County . At the same time , the former county-administered city of Taoyuan was also promoted to Taoyuan District within the new municipality ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Taiwan", "summary": "Taiwan ( Chinese : 臺灣 ; pinyin : Táiwān ) , [ II ] officially the Republic of China ( ROC ) , [ I ] is a state in East Asia . Neighbouring states include the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) to the north-west , Japan to the north-east , and the Philippines to the south . The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres ( 13,826 sq mi ) , with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third , where its highly urbanised population is concentrated . Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area . Other major cities include Kaohsiung , Taichung , Tainan and Taoyuan . With 23.7 million inhabitants , Taiwan is among the most densely populated states , and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations ( UN ) . Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island of Taiwan around 6,000 years ago . In the 17th century , Dutch rule opened the island to mass Han immigration . After the brief Kingdom of Tungning in parts of the southern and western areas of the island , the island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China , and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895 . Following the surrender of Japan in 1945 , the Republic of China , which had overthrown and succeeded the Qing in 1911 , took control of Taiwan on behalf of the World War II Allies . The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss of the mainland to the Communist Party of China and the flight of the ROC government to Taiwan in 1949 . Although the ROC government continued to claim to be the legitimate representative of China , since 1950 its effective jurisdiction has been limited to Taiwan and numerous smaller islands ." } ] }, { "value": "TPE/RCTP", "urls": [] }, { "value": "38,103,889", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7.6%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "London Gatwick Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/London_Gatwick_Airport", "summary": "Gatwick Airport ( /ˈɡætwɪk/ ) , also known as London Gatwick ( IATA : LGW , ICAO : EGKK ) , is a major international airport near Crawley in West Sussex , southeast England , 29.5 miles ( 47.5 km ) south of Central London . It is the second-busiest airport by total passenger traffic in the UK , after Heathrow Airport . Gatwick is the ninth-busiest airport in Europe . It covers a total area of 674 hectares ( 1,670 acres ) . Gatwick opened as an aerodrome in the late 1920s ; it has been in use for commercial flights since 1933 . The airport has two terminals , the North Terminal and the South Terminal , which cover areas of 98,000 m2 ( 117,000 sq yd ) and 160,000 m2 ( 190,000 sq yd ) respectively . It operates as a single-runway airport , using a main runway with a length of 3,316 m ( 10,879 ft ) . A secondary runway is available but , due to its proximity to the main runway , can only be used if that is out of use . In 2018 , 46.1 million passengers passed through the airport , a 1.1% increase compared with 2017 . As of 2019 , Gatwick is the second busiest airport in the world to operate only one runway ( after Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport ; until 2017 , Gatwick was the busiest ) with a passenger use of 46 million in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Crawley , West Sussex , United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crawley", "summary": "Crawley ( pronunciation ( help·info ) ) is a large town and borough in West Sussex , England . It is 28 miles ( 45 km ) south of London , 18 miles ( 29 km ) north of Brighton and Hove , and 32 miles ( 51 km ) north-east of the county town of Chichester . Crawley covers an area of 17.36 square miles ( 44.96 km2 ) and had a population of 106,597 at the time of the 2011 Census . The area has been inhabited since the Stone Age , and was a centre of ironworking in Roman times . Crawley developed slowly as a market town from the 13th century , serving the surrounding villages in the Weald . Its location on the main road from London to Brighton brought passing trade , which encouraged the development of coaching inns . A rail link to London opened in 1841 . Gatwick Airport , nowadays one of Britain 's busiest international airports , opened on the edge of the town in the 1940s , encouraging commercial and industrial growth . After the Second World War , the British Government planned to move large numbers of people and jobs out of London and into new towns around South East England . The New Towns Act 1946 designated Crawley as the site of one of these . A master plan was developed for the establishment of new residential , commercial , industrial and civic areas , and rapid development greatly increased the size and population of the town over a few decades . The town contains 14 residential neighbourhoods radiating out from the core of the old market town , and separated by main roads and railway lines ." }, { "url": "/wiki/West_Sussex", "summary": "West Sussex is a county in the south of England , bordering East Sussex ( with Brighton and Hove ) to the east , Hampshire to the west and Surrey to the north , and to the south the English Channel . West Sussex is the western part of the historic county of Sussex , formerly a medieval kingdom . With an area of 1,991 square kilometres ( 769 sq mi ) and a population of over 800,000 , West Sussex is a ceremonial county , with a Lord Lieutenant and a High Sheriff . Chichester in the south-west is the county town and the only city in West Sussex ; the largest towns are Crawley , Worthing and Horsham . West Sussex has a range of scenery , including wealden , downland and coastal . The highest point of the county is Blackdown , at 280 metres ( 919 ft ) . It has a number of stately homes including Goodwood , Petworth House and Uppark , and castles such as Arundel Castle and Bramber Castle . Over half the county is protected countryside , offering walking , cycling and other recreational opportunities ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "LGW/EGKK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "36,667,769", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6.4%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kuala Lumpur International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur_International_Airport", "summary": "Kuala Lumpur International Airport ( KLIA ) ( Bahasa Malaysia : Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa Kuala Lumpur ) , ( IATA : KUL , ICAO : WMKK ) is Malaysia 's main international airport and one of the major airports in Southeast Asia and worldwide . It is located in Sepang District of Selangor , approximately 45 kilometres ( 28 mi ) south of Kuala Lumpur city centre and serves the Greater Klang Valley conurbation . KLIA is the largest and busiest airport in Malaysia . In 2018 , it handled 59,988,409 passengers , 714,669 tonnes of cargo and 399,827 aircraft movements . It is the world 's 23rd-busiest airport by total passenger traffic . The airport is operated by Malaysia Airports ( MAHB ) Sepang Sdn Bhd and is the major hub of Malaysia Airlines , MASkargo , AirAsia , AirAsia X , Malindo Air , flyGlobal , UPS Airlines and AsiaCargo Express ." } ] }, { "value": "Sepang , Selangor , Malaysia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sepang", "summary": "Sepang is a small border town and also a mukim located in Sepang District , Selangor , Malaysia . The Sepang International Circuit located at western part of the town , where the Malaysian F1 Grand Prix was and Malaysian MotoGP Grand Prix is held . Malaysia 's largest airport Kuala Lumpur International Airport located at the western part of the town ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Selangor", "summary": "Selangor ( /səˈlæŋər/ ; Malay : [ s ( ə ) laŋo ( r ) ] ) , also known by its Arabic honorific Darul Ehsan , or Abode of Sincerity , is one of the 13 states of Malaysia . It is on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia and is bordered by Perak to the north , Pahang to the east , Negeri Sembilan to the south and the Strait of Malacca to the west . Selangor surrounds the federal territories of Kuala Lumpur and Putrajaya , both of which were previously part of it . The state capital of Selangor is Shah Alam and its royal capital is Klang . Petaling Jaya and Subang Jaya received city status in 2006 and 2019 , respectively . Selangor is one of four Malaysian states that contain more than one city with official city status ; the others are Sarawak , Johor , and Penang . The state of Selangor has the largest economy in Malaysia in terms of gross domestic product ( GDP ) , with RM 239.968 billion ( roughly US $ 55.5 billion ) in 2015 , comprising 22.6% of the country 's GDP . It is the most developed state in Malaysia ; it has good infrastructure such as highways and transport , and has the largest population in Malaysia , a high standard of living and the lowest poverty rate in the country ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Malaysia", "summary": "Malaysia ( /məˈleɪziə , -ʒə/ ( listen ) mə-LAY-zee-ə , -⁠zhə ; Malay : [ məlejsiə ] ) is a country in Southeast Asia . The federal constitutional monarchy consists of 13 states and three federal territories , separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions , Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia ( Malaysian Borneo ) . Peninsular Malaysia shares a land and maritime border with Thailand and maritime borders with Singapore , Vietnam , and Indonesia . East Malaysia shares land and maritime borders with Brunei and Indonesia and a maritime border with the Philippines and Vietnam . Kuala Lumpur is the national capital and largest city while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government . With a population of over 30 million , Malaysia is the world 's 44th most populous country . The southernmost point of continental Eurasia , Tanjung Piai , is in Malaysia . In the tropics , Malaysia is one of 17 megadiverse countries , home to large numbers of endemic species . Malaysia has its origins in the Malay kingdoms which , from the 18th century , became subject to the British Empire , along with the British Straits Settlements protectorate . Peninsular Malaysia was unified as the Malayan Union in 1946 . Malaya was restructured as the Federation of Malaya in 1948 and achieved independence on 31 August 1957 . Malaya united with North Borneo , Sarawak , and Singapore on 16 September 1963 to become Malaysia ." } ] }, { "value": "KUL/WMKK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "34,434,015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.1%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Madrid-Barajas Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madrid-Barajas_Airport", "summary": "Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas Airport ( Spanish : Aeropuerto Adolfo Suárez Madrid-Barajas [ aeɾoˈpweɾto aˈðolfo ˈswaɾeð maˈðɾið βaˈɾaxas ] ) ( IATA : MAD , ICAO : LEMD ) , commonly known as Madrid-Barajas Airport , is the main international airport serving Madrid in Spain . At 3,050 ha ( 7,500 acres ) in area , it is the second largest airport in Europe by physical size behind Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport . In 2018 , 57.9 million passengers used Madrid-Barajas , making it the country 's largest and busiest airport and Europe 's sixth busiest . The airport opened in 1928 , and has grown to be one of Europe 's most important aviation centres . Located within the city limits of Madrid , it is just 9 km ( 6 mi ) from the city 's financial district and 13 km ( 8 mi ) northeast of the Puerta del Sol or Plaza Mayor de Madrid , Madrid 's historic centre . The airport name derives from the adjacent district of Barajas , which has its own metro station on the same rail line serving the airport . Barajas serves as the gateway to the Iberian peninsula from the rest of Europe and the world , and is a particularly key link between Europe and Latin America . The airport is the primary hub and maintenance base for Iberia and Air Europa . Consequently , Iberia is responsible for more than 40% of Barajas ' traffic . The airport has five passenger terminals named T1 , T2 , T3 , T4 and T4S ." } ] }, { "value": "Madrid , Comunidad de Madrid , Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madrid", "summary": "Madrid ( /məˈdrɪd/ , Spanish : [ maˈðɾið ] ) [ n. 1 ] is the capital and most populous city of Spain . The city has almost 3.3 million inhabitants and a metropolitan area population of approximately 6.5 million . It is the second-largest city in the European Union ( EU ) , surpassed only by Berlin , and its monocentric metropolitan area is the second-largest in the EU , smaller only than Paris . The municipality covers 604.3 km2 ( 233.3 sq mi ) . Madrid lies on the River Manzanares in the centre of both the country and the Community of Madrid ( which comprises the city of Madrid , its conurbation and extended suburbs and villages ) ; this community is bordered by the autonomous communities of Castile and León and Castile-La Mancha . As the capital city of Spain , seat of government , and residence of the Spanish monarch , Madrid is also the political , economic and cultural centre of the country . The current mayor is José Luis Martínez-Almeida from the People 's Party . The Madrid urban agglomeration has the third-largest GDP in the European Union and its influence in politics , education , entertainment , environment , media , fashion , science , culture , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the world 's major global cities . Madrid is home to two world-famous football clubs , Real Madrid and Atlético Madrid . Due to its economic output , high standard of living , and market size , Madrid is considered the major financial centre and the leading economic hub of the Iberian Peninsula and of Southern Europe . It hosts the head offices of the vast majority of major Spanish companies , such as Telefónica , IAG or Repsol . Madrid is also the 10th most liveable city in the world according to Monocle magazine , in its 2017 index ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Comunidad_de_Madrid", "summary": "The Community of Madrid ( English : /məˈdrɪd/ ; Spanish : Comunidad de Madrid Spanish pronunciation : [ komuniˈðað ðe maˈðɾið ] ( listen ) ) is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain . It is located in the centre of the Iberian Peninsula , and of the Central Plateau ( Meseta Central ) . Its capital is the city of Madrid , which is also the capital of the country . The Community of Madrid is bounded to the south and east by Castilla-La Mancha and to the north and west by Castile and León . It was formally created in 1983 , based on the limits of the province of Madrid , which was until then conventionally included in the historical region of New Castile . The Community of Madrid is the third most populous in Spain with 6,549,979 ( 2018 ) inhabitants mostly concentrated in the metropolitan area of Madrid . It is also the most densely populated autonomous community . In absolute terms , Madrid 's economy is , since December 2019 , slightly bigger in size to that of Catalonia . Madrid thus has the highest GDP per capita in the country . The region contains three World Heritage Sites : the Monastery and Royal Site of El Escorial , the University and historic centre of Alcalá de Henares , and the cultural landscape of Aranjuez . In addition , the Montejo Beech Forest [ es ] is part of the transnational Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe world heritage site ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "MAD/LEMD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "33,787,171", "urls": [] }, { "value": "14.1%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Munich Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Munich_Airport", "summary": "Munich Airport ( German : Flughafen München ) ( IATA : MUC , ICAO : EDDM ) is the international airport of Munich , the capital of Bavaria . It is the second-busiest airport in Germany in terms of passenger traffic after Frankfurt Airport , and the eighth-busiest airport in Europe , handling 47.9 million passengers in 2019 . It is the world 's 15th-busiest airport in terms of international passenger traffic , and was the 38th-busiest airport worldwide in 2018 . Munich Airport serves as a hub for Lufthansa including Lufthansa Regional and its Star Alliance partners . The airport is located 28.5 km ( 17.7 mi ) northeast of Munich near the city of Freising and is named after former Bavarian minister-president Franz Josef Strauss who was born in Munich . It has two passenger terminals with an additional midfield terminal , two runways as well as extensive cargo and maintenance facilities and is fully equipped to handle wide-body aircraft including the Airbus A380 ." } ] }, { "value": "Oberding / Hallbergmoos / Marzling , Erding / Freising , Bavaria , Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oberding", "summary": "Oberding ( German : Oberding , Austro-Bavarian : Obading ) is a municipality in the district of Erding in Upper Bavaria in Germany , and member of the same administrative community . Almost half of the area of Munich Airport , including both terminals , falls within the municipal bounds ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hallbergmoos", "summary": "Hallbergmoos is a municipality in the district of Freising in Bavaria in Germany ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Marzling", "summary": "Marzling is a municipality in the district of Freising in Bavaria in Germany ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Erding_(district)", "summary": "Erding ( German : Erding , Austro-Bavarian : Arrdeng ) is a Landkreis ( district ) in Bavaria , Germany . It is bounded by ( from the north and clockwise ) the districts of Landshut , Mühldorf , Ebersberg , Munich and Freising ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Freising_(district)", "summary": "Freising is a Landkreis ( district ) in Bavaria , Germany . Following a recent ranking of the German magazine Focus-Money comparing all German districts it is number one concerning economic growth abilities . It is bounded by ( from the north and clockwise ) the districts of Kelheim , Landshut , Erding , Munich , Dachau and Pfaffenhofen . The district is located north of the Munich metropolitan area . The Isar and Amper rivers run in parallel from southwest to northeast . North of the rivers there is the Hallertau , a hilly region mainly used for hop growing ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bavaria", "summary": "Bavaria ( /bəˈvɛəriə/ ; German and Bavarian : Bayern [ ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , officially the Free State of Bavaria ( German and Bavarian : Freistaat Bayern [ ˈfʁaɪʃtaːt ˈbaɪɐn ] ) , is a landlocked federal state of Germany , occupying its southeastern corner . With an area of 70,550.19 square kilometres ( 27,200 sq mi ) , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area comprising roughly a fifth of the total land area of Germany . With 13 million inhabitants , it is Germany 's second-most-populous state after North Rhine-Westphalia . Bavaria 's main cities are Munich ( its capital and largest city and also the third largest city in Germany ) , Nuremberg and Augsburg . The history of Bavaria includes its earliest settlement by Iron Age Celtic tribes , followed by the conquests of the Roman Empire in the 1st century BC , when the territory was incorporated into the provinces of Raetia and Noricum . It became a stem duchy in the 6th century AD following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire . It was later incorporated into the Holy Roman Empire , became an independent kingdom , joined the Prussian-led German Empire in 1871 while retaining its title of kingdom , and finally became a state of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949 . The Duchy of Bavaria dates back to the year 555 . In the 17th century AD , the Duke of Bavaria became a Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire . The Kingdom of Bavaria existed from 1806 to 1918 , when Bavaria became a republic . In 1946 , the Free State of Bavaria reorganized itself on democratic lines after the Second World War . Bavaria has a unique culture , largely because of the state 's former Catholic majority and conservative traditions ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "MUC/EDDM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "31,313,329", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.5%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hamad International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hamad_International_Airport", "summary": "Hamad International Airport ( IATA : DOH , ICAO : OTHH ) ( Arabic : مطار حمد الدولي , Maṭār Ḥamad al-Duwalī ) is the sole international airport in the state of Qatar . Located south of its capital , Doha , it replaced the former Doha International Airport as Qatar 's principal airport . Formerly known as New Doha International Airport ( NDIA ) , Hamad International Airport was originally scheduled to open in 2009 , but after a series of costly delays , the airport finally opened on 30 April 2014 with a ceremonial Qatar Airways flight landing from nearby Doha International . National carrier Qatar Airways and all other carriers formally relocated to the new airport on 27 May 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Doha , Qatar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Doha", "summary": "Doha ( Arabic : الدوحة , ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa , pronounced [ adˈdawħa ] ) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar . It has a population of 956,460 ( 2015 ) . The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country . It is Qatar 's fastest growing city , with over 80% of the nation 's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs , [ citation needed ] and it is also the economic centre of the country . Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda . It was officially declared as the country 's capital in 1971 , when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate . As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East , Doha is considered a beta-level global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . Doha accommodates Education City , an area devoted to research and education . The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations . It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events , including the 2006 Asian Games , the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup . In December 2011 , the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha . Additionally , the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Qatar", "summary": "Qatar ( /ˈkætɑːr/ , /ˈkɑːtɑːr/ ( listen ) , /ˈkɑːtər/ or /kəˈtɑːr/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : قطر Qaṭar [ ˈqɑtˤɑr ] ; local vernacular pronunciation : [ ˈɡɪtˤɑr ] ) , officially the State of Qatar ( Arabic : دولة قطر Dawlat Qaṭar ) , is a country located in Western Asia , occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula . Whether the sovereign state should be regarded as a constitutional monarchy or an absolute monarchy is disputed . Its sole land border is with neighbouring Gulf Cooperation Council ( GCC ) monarchy Saudi Arabia to the south , with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf . The Gulf of Bahrain , an inlet of the Persian Gulf , separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain . In early 2017 , Qatar 's total population was 2.6 million : 313,000 Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates . Islam is the official religion of Qatar . The country has the highest per capita income in the world . Qatar is classified by the UN as a country of very high human development and is widely regarded as the most advanced Arab state for human development . Qatar is a high-income economy , backed by the world 's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves . Qatar has been ruled by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status . Following Ottoman rule , Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971 . In 2003 , the constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a referendum , with almost 98% in favour ." } ] }, { "value": "DOH/OTBD", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30,906,303", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Narita International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Narita_International_Airport", "summary": "Narita International Airport ( 成田国際空港 , Narita Kokusai Kūkō ) ( IATA : NRT , ICAO : RJAA ) , also known as Tokyo Narita Airport , formerly and originally known as New Tokyo International Airport ( 新東京国際空港 , Shin Tōkyō Kokusai Kūkō ) , is an international airport serving the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan . It is located approximately 60 kilometres ( 37 mi ) east of central Tokyo . It is located in Narita , Chiba . As of 2015 [ update ] Narita is the predominant international airport in Japan , handling around 50% of the country 's international passenger traffic and 60% of its international air cargo traffic . As of 2016 , Narita was the second-busiest passenger airport in Japan ( after Haneda Airport in Tokyo ) , and was the tenth-busiest air freight hub in the world . Its 4,000-metre ( 13,123 ft ) main runway shares the record for longest runway in Japan with the second runway at Kansai International Airport in Osaka . Narita serves as the main international hub of Japan Airlines , All Nippon Airways and Nippon Cargo Airlines , and as a hub for low-cost carriers Jetstar Japan and Peach . At Narita , air traffic movements have been controlled under various noise related operating restrictions . As a result , the airport must be closed from 11:00pm to 6:00am the next day to minimize noise impact around the airport ." } ] }, { "value": "Narita , Chiba , Kantō , Honshū , Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Narita,_Chiba", "summary": "Narita ( 成田市 , Narita-shi ) is a city in Chiba Prefecture , Japan . It is the site of Narita International Airport , the main international airport serving the Greater Tokyo Area . As of February 1 , 2016 , the city has an estimated population of 131,096 , and a population density of 613 persons per km² . Its total area is 213.84 square kilometres ( 82.56 sq mi ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chiba,_Chiba", "summary": "Chiba ( 千葉市 , Chiba-shi , Japanese : [ tɕiꜜba ] ) is the capital city of Chiba Prefecture , Japan . It sits about 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) southeast of the centre of Tokyo on Tokyo Bay . Chiba City became a government-designated city in 1992 . In June 2019 , its population was 979,768 , with a population density of 3,605 people per km² . The city has an area of 271.77 square kilometres ( 104.93 sq mi ) . Chiba City is one of the Kantō region 's primary seaports , and is home to Chiba Port , which handles one of the highest volumes of cargo in the nation . Much of the city is residential , although there are many factories and warehouses along the coast . There are several major urban centres in the city , including Makuhari , a prime waterfront business district in which Makuhari Messe is located , and Central Chiba , in which the prefectural government office and the city hall are located . Chiba is famous for the Chiba Urban Monorail , the longest suspended monorail in the world . Some popular destinations in the city include : Kasori Shell Midden , the largest shellmound in the world at 134,000 m2 ( 160,000 sq yd ) , Inage Beach , the first artificial beach in the nation which forms part of the longest artificial beach in Japan , and the Chiba City Zoological Park , popular on account of the standing red panda Futa ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kantō", "summary": "The Kanto region ( 関東地方 , Kantō-chihō ) is a geographical area of Honshu , the largest island of Japan . The region includes the Greater Tokyo Area and encompasses seven prefectures : Gunma , Tochigi , Ibaraki , Saitama , Tokyo , Chiba , and Kanagawa . Within its boundaries , slightly more than 45 percent of the land area is the Kanto Plain . The rest consists of the hills and mountains that form the land borders . According to the official census on October 1 , 2010 by the Japan Statistics Bureau , the population was 42,607,376 , amounting to approximately one third of the total population of Japan . Kanto is the second largest sub-national economy in the world ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Honshū", "summary": "Honshu ( 本州 , Honshū , pronounced [ hoɰ̃ꜜɕɯː ] ( listen ) ; Main island/Main province ) is the largest and most populous main island of Japan . It is located south of Hokkaido across the Tsugaru Strait , north of Shikoku across the Inland Sea , and northeast of Kyushu across the Kanmon Straits . The island separates the Sea of Japan , which lies to its north and west , from the North Pacific Ocean to the south and east . It is the 7th largest island in the world , and the 2nd most populous after the Indonesian island of Java . Honshu had a population of 104 million as of 2017 [ update ] , mostly concentrated in the coastal areas and plains . Approximately 30% of the total population resides in the Greater Tokyo Area on the Kantō Plain . [ citation needed ] As the historical center of Japanese cultural and political power , [ citation needed ] the island includes several past Japanese capitals , including Kyoto , Nara and Kamakura . Much of the island 's southern shore forms part of the Taiheiyō Belt , a megalopolis that spans several of the Japanese islands . Most of Japan 's industry is located in a belt running along Honshu 's southern coast , from Tokyo to Nagoya , Kyoto , Osaka , Kobe , and Hiroshima ; [ citation needed ] by contrast , the economy along the northwestern Sea of Japan coast is largely based on fishing and agriculture . The island is linked to the other three major Japanese islands by a number of bridges and tunnels . Its climate is humid and mild ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "NRT/RJAA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30,547,564", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.2%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John F. Kennedy International Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_F._Kennedy_International_Airport", "summary": "John F. Kennedy International Airport ( IATA : JFK , ICAO : KJFK , FAA LID : JFK ) ( colloquially referred to as JFK Airport , JFK or Kennedy ) is an international airport in Queens , New York , USA . It is the primary international airport serving New York City . The airport is the busiest international air passenger gateway into North America , the 21st-busiest airport in the world , the sixth-busiest airport in the United States , and the busiest airport in the New York airport system , having handled just over 61 million passengers in 2018 . More than ninety airlines operate from the airport , with nonstop or direct flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents . JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens in New York , 16 miles ( 26 km ) southeast of Midtown Manhattan . The airport features six passenger terminals and four runways . It serves as a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines , and it is the primary operating base for JetBlue . JFK was also formerly a hub for Pan Am , TWA , Eastern , National , and Tower Air . The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport . Following John F. Kennedy 's assassination in 1963 , the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President ." } ] }, { "value": "Queens , New York City , New York , United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Queens", "summary": "Queens is a borough of New York City , coterminous with Queens County , in the U.S. state of New York . It is the largest borough geographically and is adjacent to the borough of Brooklyn , at the western end of Long Island . To its east is Nassau County . Queens also shares water borders with the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx . The borough of Queens is the second-largest in population , the first being Brooklyn ; with an estimated population of 2,278,906 residents in 2018 , approximately 47.5 percent of them foreign-born . Queens County also is the second most populous county in the U.S. state of New York , behind Brooklyn , which is coterminous with Kings County . Queens is the fourth most densely populated county among New York City 's boroughs , as well as in the United States . If each of New York City 's boroughs were an independent city , Queens would be the nation 's fourth most populous , after Los Angeles , Chicago , and Brooklyn . Queens is one of the most ethnically diverse counties in the United States , as well as the most diverse among highly populated counties and the most linguistically diverse place on Earth . Queens was established in 1683 as one of the original 12 counties of New York . The settlement was presumably named for the English queen Catherine of Braganza ( 1638-1705 ) . From 1683 until 1899 , the County of Queens included what is now Nassau County ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_City", "summary": "New York City ( NYC ) , also known as the City of New York or simply New York ( NY ) , is the most populous city in the United States . With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over a land area of about 302.6 square miles ( 784 km2 ) , New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States . Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York , the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass and one of the world 's most populous megacities , with an estimated 19,979,477 people in its 2018 metropolitan statistical area and 22,679,948 residents in its combined statistical area . A global power city , New York City has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , and exerts a significant impact upon commerce , entertainment , research , technology , education , politics , tourism , art , fashion , and sports . The city 's fast pace has inspired the term New York minute . Home to the headquarters of the United Nations , New York is an important center for international diplomacy . Situated on one of the world 's largest natural harbors , New York City consists of five boroughs , each of which is a separate county of the State of New York . The five boroughs - Brooklyn , Queens , Manhattan , The Bronx , and Staten Island - were consolidated into a single city in 1898 . The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York , making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world . New York City is home to 3.2 million residents born outside the United States , the largest foreign born population of any city in the world as of 2016 . As of 2019 [ update ] , the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product ( GMP ) of US $ 2.0 trillion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_York_(state)", "summary": "New York is a state located in the Northeastern United States . New York was one of the original thirteen colonies that formed the United States . With an estimated 19.45 million residents in 2019 , it is the fourth most populous state . In order to distinguish the state from its city with the same name , it is commonly referred to as New York State ( NYS ) . The state 's most populous city , New York City , makes up over 40% of the state 's population . Two-thirds of the state 's population lives in the New York metropolitan area , and nearly 40% lives on Long Island . The state and city were both named for the 17th-century Duke of York , the future King James II of England . With an estimated population of 8.39 million in 2018 , New York City is the most populous city in the United States and the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . The New York metropolitan area is one of the most populous in the world . New York City is a global city , home to the United Nations Headquarters , and has been described as the cultural , financial , and media capital of the world , as well as the world 's most economically powerful city . The next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo , Rochester , Yonkers , and Syracuse , while the state capital is Albany . The 27th largest U.S. state in land area , New York has a diverse geography ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "JFK/KJFK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30,017,244", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6.2%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barcelona-El Prat Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Barcelona–El_Prat_Airport", "summary": "Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat Airport ( IATA : BCN , ICAO : LEBL ) ( Catalan : Aeroport Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat , Spanish : Aeropuerto Josep Tarradellas Barcelona-El Prat ) , previously named Barcelona-El Prat and also known as El Prat Airport , is an international airport located 12 km ( 7.5 mi ) southwest of the centre of Barcelona , lying in the municipalities of El Prat de Llobregat , Viladecans , and Sant Boi , in Catalonia , Spain , Europe . It has been named after a former President of the Generalitat of Catalonia , Josep Tarradellas , since 27 February 2019 . It is the second largest and busiest airport in Spain , and the sixth busiest in Europe . In 2019 , Barcelona Airport handled a record 52,686,314 million passengers , up 5.0% from 2018 . It is a hub for Level and Vueling , and a focus city for Air Europa , Iberia , EasyJet , Norwegian and Ryanair . The Barcelona-Madrid air shuttle service , known as the Puente Aéreo ( in Spanish ) , or Pont Aeri ( in Catalan ) literally Air Bridge , was the world 's busiest route until 2008 , with the highest number of flight operations ( 971 per week ) in 2007 . The schedule has been reduced since February 2008 , when a Madrid-Barcelona high-speed rail line was opened , covering the distance in 2 hours 30 minutes , and quickly became popular ." } ] }, { "value": "El Prat de Llobregat , Barcelona , Catalonia , Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/El_Prat_de_Llobregat", "summary": "El Prat de Llobregat ( Catalan pronunciation : [ əl ˈpɾad də ʎuβɾəˈɣat ] ) , commonly known as El Prat [ əl ˈpɾat ] , is a municipality in the comarca of Baix Llobregat in Catalonia , Spain . It is situated in the delta of the Llobregat river on the right bank , bordering the coast of the Mediterranean Sea between Barcelona and Viladecans . More than a quarter of the area of the municipality is occupied by Barcelona-El Prat Airport . Apart from the transport links to the airport , the town of El Prat is served by a railway station on the coast line from Barcelona to Valencia . The municipality also has a beach and a small nature reserve at the Llac ( Lake ) de la Ricarda i del Remolar . El Prat is famous for its blue-legged chickens ( known as gall potablava in Catalan ) . El Prat forms part of the metropolitan area of Barcelona ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Barcelona", "summary": "Barcelona ( /ˌbɑːrsəˈloʊnə/ BAR-sə-LOH-nə , Catalan : [ bəɾsəˈlonə ] , Spanish : [ baɾθeˈlona ] ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain . It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia , as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain . With a population of 1.6 million within city limits , its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the Province of Barcelona and is home to around 4.8 million people , making it the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union after Paris , the Ruhr area , Madrid , and Milan . It is one of the largest metropolises on the Mediterranean Sea , located on the coast between the mouths of the rivers Llobregat and Besòs , and bounded to the west by the Serra de Collserola mountain range , the tallest peak of which is 512 metres ( 1,680 feet ) high . Founded as a Roman city , in the Middle Ages Barcelona became the capital of the County of Barcelona . After merging with the Kingdom of Aragon , Barcelona continued to be an important city in the Crown of Aragon as an economic and administrative centre of this Crown and the capital of the Principality of Catalonia . Barcelona has a rich cultural heritage and is today an important cultural centre and a major tourist destination . Particularly renowned are the architectural works of Antoni Gaudí and Lluís Domènech i Montaner , which have been designated UNESCO World Heritage Sites . The headquarters of the Union for the Mediterranean are located in Barcelona . The city is known for hosting the 1992 Summer Olympics as well as world-class conferences and expositions and also many international sport tournaments . Barcelona is one of the world 's leading tourist , economic , trade fair and cultural centres , and its influence in commerce , education , entertainment , sports , media , fashion , science , and the arts all contribute to its status as one of the major global cities . It is a major cultural and economic centre in southwestern Europe , 24th in the world ( before Zürich , after Frankfurt ) and a financial centre ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Catalonia", "summary": "Catalonia ( /ˌkætəˈloʊniə/ ; Catalan : Catalunya [ kətəˈluɲə ] ; Aranese : Catalonha [ kataˈluɲɔ ] ; Spanish : Cataluña [ kataˈluɲa ] ) is an autonomous community on the northeastern corner of Spain , self-designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy . [ c ] Catalonia consists of four provinces : Barcelona , Girona , Lleida , and Tarragona . The capital and largest city is Barcelona , the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the core of the sixth most populous urban area in the European Union . It comprises most of the territory of the former Principality of Catalonia ( with the remainder Roussillon now part of France 's Pyrénées-Orientales , Occitanie ) . It is bordered by France ( Occitanie ) and Andorra to the north , the Mediterranean Sea to the east , and the Spanish autonomous communities of Aragon to the west and Valencia to the south . The official languages are Catalan , Spanish , and the Aranese dialect of Occitan . In the late 8th century , the counties of the March of Gothia and the Hispanic March were established by the Frankish kingdom as feudal vassals across and near the eastern Pyrenees as a defensive barrier against Muslim invasions . The eastern counties of these marches were united under the rule of the Frankish vassal , the count of Barcelona . In the 10th century the County of Barcelona became independent de facto . In 1137 , Barcelona and the Kingdom of Aragon were united by marriage under the Crown of Aragon . The de jure end of Frankish rule was ratified by French and Aragonese monarchs in the Treaty of Corbeil in 1258 . The Principality of Catalonia developed its own institutional system , such as courts ( parliament ) , and constitutions , becoming the base for the Crown of Aragon 's naval power , trade and expansionism in the Mediterranean ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "BCN/LEBL", "urls": [] }, { "value": "29,077,820", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6,7%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leonardo_da_Vinci–Fiumicino_Airport", "summary": "Rome-Fiumicino International Airport Leonardo da Vinci ( Italian : Aeroporto Internazionale di Roma-Fiumicino Leonardo da Vinci ; IATA : FCO , ICAO : LIRF ) is an international airport in Rome and the major airport in Italy . It is one of the busiest airports in Europe by passenger traffic with almost 43 million passengers served in 2018 . The airport serves as the main hub for Alitalia , the largest Italian airline , and Vueling , a Spanish low-cost carrier owned by International Airlines Group . Based on total passenger numbers , it is the eighth-busiest airport in Europe and was the world 's 47th-busiest airport in 2017 . It covers an area of 16 km2 and is named after polymath Leonardo da Vinci who , in 1480 , designed a flying machine with wings and the first proto helicopter ." } ] }, { "value": "Fiumicino , Rome , Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fiumicino", "summary": "Fiumicino ( Italian : [ fjumiˈtʃiːno ] ) is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Rome , Lazio , central Italy , with a population of 80,500 ( 2019 ) . It is famous for the presence of the Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport , the busiest airport in Italy and the sixth busiest in Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Rome", "summary": "Rome ( Latin and Italian : Roma [ ˈroːma ] ( listen ) ) is the capital city and a special comune of Italy ( named Comune di Roma Capitale ) . Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region . With 2,879,728 residents in 1,285 km2 ( 496.1 sq mi ) , it is also the country 's most populated comune . It is the third most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits . It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome , which has a population of 4,355,725 residents , thus making it the second or third most populous metropolitan city in Italy depending on definition . Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula , within Lazio ( Latium ) , along the shores of the Tiber . Vatican City ( the smallest country in the world ) is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome , the only existing example of a country within a city ; for this reason Rome has sometimes been defined as the capital of two states . Rome 's history spans 28 centuries . While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC , the site has been inhabited for much longer , making it one of the oldest continuously occupied cities in Europe . The city 's early population originated from a mix of Latins , Etruscans , and Sabines . Eventually , the city successively became the capital of the Roman Kingdom , the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire , and is regarded by many as the first ever Imperial City and metropolis . It was first called The Eternal City ( Latin : Urbs Aeterna ; Italian : La Città Eterna ) by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC , and the expression was also taken up by Ovid , Virgil , and Livy ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "FCO/LIRF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "28,280,267", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.4%", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "2015 statistics", "section_text": "Airports Council International 's ( January–December ) figures are as follows . [ 4 ]", "uid": "World's_busiest_airports_by_international_passenger_traffic_3", "intro": "The following is a list of the world's largest airports by international passenger traffic." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history", "title": "Minnesota Vikings draft history", "header": [ "Round", "Pick #", "Overall", "Name", "Position", "College" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenechi Udeze", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenechi_Udeze", "summary": "Kenechi Nduka Udeze ( /kəˈnɛtʃi uːˈdɛzeɪ/ ; born March 5 , 1983 ) is the linebackers coach for the Vanderbilt Commodoroes . He was a defensive end in the National Football League ( NFL ) for four seasons during the early 2000s . He played college football for the University of Southern California ( USC ) , and earned consensus All-American honors . The Minnesota Vikings picked Udeze in the first round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He was forced to retire in 2008 after he was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia ." } ] }, { "value": "Defensive end", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defensive_end", "summary": "Defensive End ( DE ) is a defensive position in the sport of gridiron football . This position has designated the players at each end of the defensive line , but changes in formations over the years have substantially changed how the position is played ." } ] }, { "value": "USC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/USC_Trojans_football", "summary": "The USC Trojans football program represent University of Southern California in the sport of American football . The Trojans compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the South Division of the Pac-12 Conference" } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dontarrious Thomas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dontarrious_Thomas", "summary": "Dontarrious Dewayne Thomas ( born September 2 , 1980 ) is a former American football linebacker who last played for the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Auburn . Thomas was also a member of the San Francisco 49ers , California Redwoods , and San Diego Chargers ." } ] }, { "value": "Linebacker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linebacker", "summary": "A linebacker ( LB or backer ) is a playing position in gridiron football . Linebackers are members of the defensive team , and line up approximately three to five yards ( 4 m ) behind the line of scrimmage , behind the defensive linemen , and therefore back up the line . Linebackers generally align themselves before the ball is snapped by standing upright in a two-point stance ( as opposed to the defensive linemen , who put one or two hands on the ground for a three-point stance or four-point stance before the ball is snapped ) . The goal of the linebacker is to provide either extra run defense or extra pass defense based on the particular defensive play being executed . Another key play of the linebacker position is blitzing . A blitz occurs when a linebacker acts as an extra pass rusher running into any exposed gap . When a blitz is called by the defense , it is mainly to sack or hurry the opposing offense 's quarterback . Linebackers are often regarded as the most important position in defense , due to their versatility in providing hard hits on running plays or an additional layer of pass defense , when required . Similar to the free safety position , linebackers are required to use their judgment on every snap , to determine their role during that particular play ." } ] }, { "value": "Auburn", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Auburn_Tigers_football", "summary": "The Auburn Tigers football program represents Auburn University in the sport of American college football . Auburn competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Western Division of the Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) . Auburn officially began competing in intercollegiate football in 1892 . The Tigers joined the Southeastern Conference in 1932 as one of the inaugural members of the conference and the Tigers began competing in the West Division when the conference divided in 1992 . Auburn has achieved twelve undefeated seasons , won twelve conference championships , along with eight divisional championships . The Tigers have made 43 post season bowl appearances , including twelve historically major bowl berths . The Tigers have the 13th most wins in FBS history with over 700 victories and have finished ranked in the top 25 of either the AP or Coaches ' polls 37 times , including finishing in the top ten 18 times ( ranked 12th nationally for top ten finishes ) . The Tigers have produced three Heisman Trophy winners : quarterback Pat Sullivan in 1971 , running back Bo Jackson in 1985 , and quarterback Cam Newton in 2010 . Auburn has also produced twenty-nine consensus All-American players . The College Football Hall of Fame has inducted a total of 12 individuals from Auburn , including eight student-athletes and four head coaches : John Heisman , Mike Donahue , Ralph Jordan , and Pat Dye . Jordan , who coached from 1951 to 1975 , led Auburn to its first national championship and won a total of 176 games , the most by any Auburn coach . Auburn 's home stadium is Jordan-Hare Stadium , which opened in 1939 and becomes Alabama 's fifth largest city on gamedays with a capacity of 87,451 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darrion Scott", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darrion_Scott", "summary": "Darrion Scott ( born October 25 , 1981 ) is a former American football defensive end . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the third round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Ohio State University . Scott has also played for the Florida Tuskers and Washington Redskins ." } ] }, { "value": "Defensive end", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ohio State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football", "summary": "The Ohio State Buckeyes football team competes as part of the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision , representing Ohio State University in the East Division of the Big Ten Conference . Ohio State has played their home games at Ohio Stadium in Columbus , Ohio since 1922 . The Buckeyes are recognized by the university and NCAA as having won eight national championships along with 40 conference championships ( including 38 Big Ten titles ) , eight division championships , 10 undefeated seasons , and six perfect seasons ( no losses or ties ) . As of 2017 , the football program is valued at $ 1.5 billion , the highest valuation of any such program in the country . The first Ohio State game was a 20-14 victory over Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware , Ohio , on May 3 , 1890 . The team was a football independent from 1890 to 1901 before joining the Ohio Athletic Conference ( OAC ) as a charter member in 1902 . The Buckeyes won two conference championships while members of the OAC and in 1912 became members of the Big Ten Conference . Ohio State won their first national championship in 1942 under head coach Paul Brown . Following World War II , Ohio State saw sparse success on the football field with three separate coaches and in 1951 hired Woody Hayes to coach the team . Under Hayes , Ohio State won over 200 games , 13 Big Ten championships and five national championships ( 1954 , 1957 , 1961 , 1968 , and 1970 ) , and had four Rose Bowl wins in eight appearances . Following Hayes ' dismissal in 1978 , Earle Bruce and later John Cooper coached the team to a combined seven conference championships between them . Jim Tressel was hired as head coach in 2001 and led Ohio State to its seventh national championship in 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "115", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nat Dorsey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nat_Dorsey", "summary": "Nathaniel Willie Dorsey , III ( born September 9 , 1983 ) , is a former American football offensive tackle . He was originally drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football at Georgia Tech ." } ] }, { "value": "Offensive tackle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tackle_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Tackle is a playing position in gridiron football . Historically , in the one-platoon system prevalent in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries , a tackle played on both offense and defense . In the modern system of specialized units , offensive tackle and defensive tackle are separate positions , and the stand-alone term tackle refers to the offensive tackle position only . The offensive tackle ( OT , T ) is a position on the offensive line , left and right . Like other offensive linemen , their job is to block : to physically keep defenders away from the offensive player who has the football and enable him to advance the football and eventually score a touchdown . The term tackle is a vestige of an earlier era of football in which the same players played both offense and defense ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgia Tech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_football", "summary": "The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football team represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in the sport of American football . The Yellow Jackets team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Coastal Division of the Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) . Georgia Tech has fielded a football team since 1892 and , as of 2017 , has an all-time record of 735-502-43 ( a .591 winning percentage ) . The Yellow Jackets play in Bobby Dodd Stadium at Historic Grant Field in Atlanta , which has a capacity of 55,000 . One of the most successful college football programs over a long history , the Yellow Jackets have won four national championships across four different decades ( 1917 , 1928 , 1952 , 1990 ) as well as sixteen conference titles . Among the team 's former coaches are John Heisman , for whom the Heisman Trophy is named , and Bobby Dodd , for whom the Bobby Dodd Coach of the Year Award and the school 's stadium are named . Heisman led the team to the most lopsided game in football history , 222-0 , and both Heisman and Dodd led Tech 's football team to national championships . Dodd also led the Jackets on their longest winning streak - 8 straight games - against the University of Georgia in Tech 's most time-endured rivalry , called Clean , Old-Fashioned Hate . For his part , Heisman led Georgia Tech to an undefeated 12-0-1 record in the Georgia Tech-Clemson football rivalry and what made it sting even more was that Heisman had previously coached Clemson . A number of successful collegiate and professional football players have also played for Tech . The program has 48 first-team All-Americans and over 150 alumni who have played in the NFL . Among the most lauded and most notable players the school has produced are Maxie Baughan , Calvin Johnson , Demaryius Thomas , Keith Brooking , Joe Hamilton , Joe Guyon , Pat Swilling and Billy Shaw ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "119", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mewelde Moore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mewelde_Moore", "summary": "Mewelde Jaem Cadere Moore ( born July 24 , 1982 ) is a former American football running back . He was originally drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in the fourth round of the 2004 NFL Draft . Moore also played with the Pittsburgh Steelers , winning a Super Bowl ring over the Arizona Cardinals in Super Bowl XLIII . He played college football at Tulane , just down the road from his hometown of Baton Rouge , LA where he was a standout performer at Belaire High School ." } ] }, { "value": "Running back", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Running_back", "summary": "A running back ( RB ) is a member of the offensive backfield in gridiron football . The primary roles of a running back are to receive handoffs from the quarterback to rush the ball , and block . There are usually one or two running backs on the field for a given play , depending on the offensive formation . A running back may be a halfback ( in certain contexts also referred to as a tailback ) , a wingback or a fullback . A running back will sometimes be called a feature back if he is the team 's starting running back ." } ] }, { "value": "Tulane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tulane_Green_Wave_football", "summary": "The Tulane Green Wave football team represents Tulane University in the sport of American football . The Green Wave compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) as a member of the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) . The football team is coached by Willie Fritz , and plays its home games in Yulman Stadium on its campus in Uptown New Orleans ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "155", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rod Davis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rod_Davis_(American_football)", "summary": "Rod Davis ( born April 2 , 1981 ) is a professional gridiron football linebacker who is currently a free agent . He was selected in the fifth round of the 2004 NFL Draft by the Minnesota Vikings . He played college football for the Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles . Davis has played for the Carolina Panthers , Philadelphia Soul , Edmonton Eskimos , Montreal Alouettes , and Calgary Stampeders ." } ] }, { "value": "Linebacker", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Southern Miss", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Southern_Miss_Golden_Eagles", "summary": "The Southern Miss Golden Eagles and Lady Eagles ( also known as Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles and Lady Eagles ) are the intercollegiate athletics teams that represent the University of Southern Mississippi ( USM ) , located in Hattiesburg , Mississippi . The Golden Eagles ( Lady Eagles for women 's basketball ) compete at the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I level mainly as a member of Conference USA ( C-USA ) . USM 's newest sport of women 's beach volleyball , a sport not sponsored by C-USA , was added in the 2018-19 school year and competes in the Coastal Collegiate Sports Association . The school 's earliest nickname was Tigers . Thereafter came such nicknames as Normalites ( from Mississippi Normal College , the early name of the university ) , Yellow Jackets , Confederates , and Southerners . Golden Eagles was selected in a student/alumni vote in the early 1972 . Seymour d'Campus is the name of the modern-day mascot eagle . Southern Miss has a long history in the NCAA , and its intercollegiate sports teams operate under the auspices of the university 's Department of Intercollegiate Athletics sponsors . Bowl games , conference championships , and All-American athletes have all been frequent occurrences at Southern Miss . Among notable alumni are former NFL quarterback Brett Favre and former NFL punter Ray Guy ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "184", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deandre ' Eiland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deandre'_Eiland", "summary": "Deandre ' Eiland ( born June 4 , 1982 ) is a former American football player ." } ] }, { "value": "Safety", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Safety_(gridiron_football_position)", "summary": "Safety , historically known as a safetyman , is a position in gridiron football played by a member of the defense . The safeties are defensive backs who line up from ten to fifteen yards from the line of scrimmage . There are two variations of the position in a typical American formation : the free safety ( FS ) and the strong safety ( SS ) . Their duties depend on the defensive scheme . The defensive responsibilities of the safety and cornerback usually involve pass coverage towards the middle and sidelines of the field , respectively . While American ( 11-player ) formations generally use two safeties , Canadian ( 12-player ) formations generally have one safety and two defensive halfbacks , a position not used in the American game . As professional and college football have become more focused on the passing game , safeties have become more involved in covering the eligible pass receivers . Safeties are the last line of defense ; they are expected to be reliable tacklers , and many safeties rank among the hardest hitters in football . Safety positions can also be converted cornerbacks , either by design ( Byron Jones ) or as a cornerback ages ( Charles Woodson , DeAngelo Hall , Lardarius Webb , Tramon Williams ) . Historically , in the era of the one-platoon system , the safety was known as the defensive fullback ( specifically the free safety ; the strong safety would be a defensive halfback , a term still in Canadian parlance ) or goaltender ." } ] }, { "value": "South Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Carolina_Gamecocks_football", "summary": "The South Carolina Gamecocks football program represents the University of South Carolina in the sport of American football . The Gamecocks compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Eastern Division of the Southeastern Conference . Will Muschamp currently serves as the team 's head coach . They play their home games at Williams-Brice Stadium . Currently , it is the 16th largest stadium in college football . USC 's SEC tenure has been highlighted by an SEC East title in 2010 , Final Top-25 rankings in 2000 , 2001 , 2010 , 2011 , 2012 and 2013 ( AP No . 19 , No . 13 , No . 22 , No . 9 , No . 8 and No . 4 ) , and six wins over Top-5 SEC opponents , ( No ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "220", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jeff Dugan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeff_Dugan", "summary": "Jeffery Stephen Dugan ( born April 8 , 1981 ) is a retired American football tight end and fullback . He was drafted by the Minnesota Vikings in seventh round of 2004 NFL Draft . He played college football for the University of Maryland . Before college Dugan attended Central Catholic High School , where NFL quarterbacks Dan Marino and Marc Bulger attended ." } ] }, { "value": "Tight end", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tight_end", "summary": "The tight end ( TE ) is a position in American football , arena football , and formerly Canadian football , on the offense . The tight end is often seen as a hybrid position with the characteristics and roles of both an offensive lineman and a wide receiver . Like offensive linemen , they are usually lined up on the offensive line and are large enough to be effective blockers . On the other hand , unlike offensive linemen , they are eligible receivers adept enough to warrant a defense 's attention when running pass patterns . Because of the hybrid nature of the position , the tight end 's role in any given offense depends on the tactical preferences and philosophy of the head coach . In some systems , the tight end will merely act as a sixth offensive lineman , rarely going out for passes . Other systems use the tight end primarily as a receiver , frequently taking advantage of the tight end 's size to create mismatches in the defensive secondary . Many coaches will often have one tight end who specializes in blocking on running plays while using a tight end with better pass-catching skills in obvious passing situations . Offensive formations may have as few as zero or as many as three tight ends at one time ." } ] }, { "value": "Maryland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_football", "summary": "The Maryland Terrapins football team represents the University of Maryland , College Park in the sport of American football . The Terrapins compete in the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) and the Big Ten Conference . The Terrapins joined the Big Ten Conference on July 1 , 2014 , following 62 years in the Atlantic Coast Conference as a founding member . Mike Locksley is the head coach . Since 1950 , the Terrapins have played their home games at Maryland Stadium in College Park , Maryland with occasional home games from time to time in Baltimore , making them one of two FBS football teams in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area ( Navy Midshipmen ) and the closest Football Bowl Subdivision team to Washington , D.C . The team 's official colors of red , white , black , and gold have been in use in some combination since the 1920s and are taken from Maryland 's state flag , and the Terrapins nickname - often abbreviated as Terps - was adopted in 1933 after a turtle species native to the state . Maryland shares storied rivalries with Virginia and West Virginia . The program 's achievements have included one national championship , nine ACC championships , two Southern Conference championships , eleven consensus All-Americans , several Hall of Fame inductees , and twenty-four bowl game appearances . Maryland possesses the third-most ACC championships with nine , which places them behind Clemson and Florida State with 15 each . Many former Terrapins players and coaches have gone on to careers in professional football including 16 first-round NFL Draft picks ." } ] } ], "section_title": "2004 NFL Draft", "section_text": "", "uid": "Minnesota_Vikings_draft_history_43", "intro": "This page is a list of the Minnesota Vikings NFL Draft selections. The first draft the Vikings participated in was the 1961 NFL Draft, in which they made Tommy Mason of Tulane their first ever selection." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Brazilian_films_of_2009", "title": "List of Brazilian films of 2009", "header": [ "Title", "Director", "Cast", "Genre" ], "data": [ { "value": "Adrift", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Adrift_(2009_Brazilian_film)", "summary": "Adrift ( Portuguese : À Deriva ) is a 2009 Brazilian drama film directed by Heitor Dhalia , starring Laura Neiva , Camilla Belle and Vincent Cassel . It competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Heitor Dhalia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heitor_Dhalia", "summary": "Heitor Dhalia ( born 18 January 1970 ) is a Brazilian film director and screenwriter . He has directed seven films since 1988 . His film , À Deriva , competed in the Un Certain Regard section at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Laura Neiva , Vincent Cassel , Débora Bloch , Camilla Belle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Neiva", "summary": "Laura Neiva ( born September 21 , 1993 ) is a Brazilian actress and model . She is mainly known for her role in the film Adrift , which competed in the 2009 Cannes Film Festival ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vincent_Cassel", "summary": "Vincent Cassel ( French pronunciation : [ vɛ̃sɑ̃ kasɛl ] ; born Vincent Crochon , 23 November 1966 ) is a French actor . He first achieved recognition for his performance as a troubled French Jewish youth , in Mathieu Kassovitz 's 1995 film La Haine ( Hate ) , for which he received two César Award nominations . He garnered wide recognition with English-speaking audiences for his performances in Ocean 's Twelve ( 2004 ) and Ocean 's Thirteen ( 2007 ) , as well as Eastern Promises ( 2007 ) , Black Swan ( 2010 ) , and Jason Bourne ( 2016 ) . Cassel is also renowned for playing the infamous French bank-robber Jacques Mesrine in Mesrine : Killer Instinct and Mesrine : Public Enemy Number One ( both in 2008 ) . Throughout his career , which spans more than three decades , Cassel has earned critical acclaim and numerous accolades , including a César Award in 2009 and a Canadian Screen Award in 2016 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Débora_Bloch", "summary": "Débora Bloch ( born May 29 , 1963 ) is a Brazilian actress . She is known nationally for participating in novels such as Cambalacho , Salsa e Merengue , A Lua Me Disse , Caminho das Índias , Cordel Encantado , Avenida Brasil and Sete Vidas ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Camilla_Belle", "summary": "Camilla Belle Routh ( born October 2 , 1986 ) is an American actress , director , writer and producer whose works include The Ballad of Jack and Rose ( 2005 ) , When a Stranger Calls ( 2006 ) , 10,000 BC ( 2008 ) , and Push ( 2009 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "The Assailant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Assailant", "summary": "The Assailant ( known as Besouro in Brazil ) is a 2009 Brazilian action-drama film directed by João Daniel Tikhomiroff . The film is about Besouro Mangangá , a Brazilian Capoeirista from the early 1920s , to whom were attributed some heroic and legendary deeds . Huan-Chiu Ku , Kill Bill 's choreographer , is responsible for the film 's fight scenes . Its filming lasted three months in Bahia ." } ] }, { "value": "João Daniel Tikhomiroff", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aílton Carmo , Jéssica Barbosa , Flávio Rocha , Irandhir Santos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Irandhir_Santos", "summary": "Irandhir Santos ( born August 22 , 1978 ) is a Brazilian actor ." } ] }, { "value": "Action , drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Action_film", "summary": "Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists are thrust into a series of events that typically include violence , extended fighting , physical feats , and frantic chases . Action films tend to feature a resourceful hero struggling against incredible odds , which include life-threatening situations , a villain , or a pursuit which usually concludes in victory for the hero ( though a small number of films in this genre have ended in the victory for the villain instead ) . Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences and other visual effects that required the efforts of professional stunt crews in the past . However , reactions to action films containing significant amounts of CGI have been mixed , as films that use computer animations to create unrealistic , highly unbelievable events are often met with criticism . While action has long been a recurring component in films , the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects . Common action scenes in films are generally , but not limited to , explosions , car chases , fistfights , and shootouts . This genre is closely associated with the thriller and adventure genres , and they may also contain elements of drama and spy fiction ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "Beyond Ipanema", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beyond_Ipanema", "summary": "Beyond Ipanema : Brazilian Waves in Global Music is a 2009 documentary film about the influence of Brazilian music outside of the country , especially the USA . Produced by filmmakers Guto Barra and Béco Dranoff , it features interviews and performances by David Byrne , Devendra Banhart , M.I.A. , Os Mutantes , Caetano Veloso , Gilberto Gil , Tom Zé , Seu Jorge , Thievery Corporation , Bebel Gilberto , CSS , Creed Taylor and many others . The film 's World Premiere was at New York 's Museum of Modern Art in July 2009 . It was since shown in over 50 film festivals , including HotDocs ( the largest documentary film festival in North America ) , South By Southwest ( one of the largest music festivals in the United States ) and the Chicago International Film Festival ( one of North America 's oldest film events ) . It has also screened in venues such as the Institute of Contemporary Art , in Boston , Yerba Buena Center for the Arts , in San Francisco , The High Art Museum , in Atlanta , and Haus der Kulturen der Welt , in Berlin . Beyond Ipanema was awarded Best Documentary and Best Sound Editing at the 14th Brazilian Film Festival of Miami and Best Film at the 3rd Brazilian Film Festival of Vancouver . According to The Hollywood Reporter , Beyond Ipanema is a Vibrant and stylish look at decades of Brazilian music focuses on the reception it has received in the U.S. To The Huffington Post , Beyond Ipanema is a brilliant overview of the incursion of Brazilian music world wide by directors Guto Barra and Béco Dranoff ." } ] }, { "value": "Guto Barra & Béco Dranoff", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seu Jorge , Milton Nascimento , Gilberto Gil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seu_Jorge", "summary": "Jorge Mário da Silva , more commonly known by his stage name Seu Jorge ( born June 8 , 1970 ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈsew ˈʒɔʁʒi ] ) , is a Brazilian musical artist , songwriter , and actor . He is considered by many a renewer of Brazilian pop samba . Seu Jorge cites samba schools and American soul singer Stevie Wonder as major musical influences . Jorge is also known for his film roles as Mané Galinha in the 2002 film City of God and as Pelé dos Santos in the 2004 film The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou . His musical work has received praise from many of his fellow musicians including Beck and David Bowie ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Milton_Nascimento", "summary": "Milton Nascimento ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ miwˈtõ nasiˈmẽtu ] ; born October 26 , 1942 ) is a prominent Brazilian singer-songwriter and guitarist ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gilberto_Gil", "summary": "Gilberto Passos Gil Moreira ( born 26 June 1942 ) , known professionally as Gilberto Gil ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʒiwˈbɛʁtu ˈʒiw ] ) , is a Brazilian singer , guitarist , and songwriter , known for both his musical innovation and political activism . From 2003 to 2008 , he served as Brazil 's Minister of Culture in the administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva . Gil 's musical style incorporates an eclectic range of influences , including rock , Brazilian genres including samba , African music , and reggae . Gil started to play music as a child and was a teenager when he joined his first band . He began his career as a bossa nova musician and grew to write songs that reflected a focus on political awareness and social activism . He was a key figure in the Música popular brasileira and tropicália movements of the 1960s , alongside artists such as longtime collaborator Caetano Veloso . The Brazilian military regime that took power in 1964 saw both Gil and Veloso as a threat , and the two were held for nine months in 1969 before they were told to leave the country . Gil moved to London , but returned to Bahia in 1972 and continued his musical career , as well as working as a politician and environmental advocate ." } ] }, { "value": "Documentary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Documentary_film", "summary": "A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information ." } ] }, { "value": "Bonitinha mas Ordinária", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Moacyr Góes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "Budapest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Budapest_(film)", "summary": "Budapest is a 2018 French comedy directed by Xavier Gens . Two best friends with MBAs are bored in their jobs and start a travel business for bachelor parties in Budapest ." } ] }, { "value": "Walter Carvalho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walter_Carvalho", "summary": "Walter Carvalho ( born 1947 in João Pessoa , Paraíba , Brazil ) is a critically and internationally acclaimed Brazilian cinematographer . Carvalho has worked on over 60 films in his career since entering the Cinema of Brazil in 1973 . He has won some 30 different professional film awards to date and has worked on acclaimed Brazilian films such as Carandiru in 2003 . He is the father of also cinematographer Lula Carvalho ." } ] }, { "value": "Leonardo Medeiros , Gabriella Hámori , Giovanna Antonelli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leonardo_Medeiros", "summary": "Leonardo Wilson de Medeiros ( born November 20 , 1964 in Rio de Janeiro ) is a Brazilian actor . Before Os Maias ( 2001 TV series ) , they had worked together in Lavoura Arcaica ( To the left of the father ) ( 2001 ) , a film directed by Luiz Fernando Carvalho , based on novel of the same name by Raduan Nassar . His most recent movies are O Veneno da Madrugada , Cabra Cega , Corpo , Não Por Acaso and Getúlio ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Giovanna_Antonelli", "summary": "Giovanna Antonelli Prado ( born March 18 , 1976 ) is a Brazilian actress , television host and producer ." } ] }, { "value": "Drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "The Eye of the Storm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Eye_of_the_Storm_(2009_film)", "summary": "The Eye of the Storm ( Portuguese : No Meu Lugar ) is a 2009 Brazilian drama film directed by Eduardo Valente . It was given a special screening at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Eduardo Valente", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marcio Vito , Dedina Bernardelli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "From Beginning to End", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/From_Beginning_to_End", "summary": "From Beginning to End ( Portuguese : Do Começo ao Fim ) is a 2009 Brazilian romantic drama film directed by Aluizio Abranches , starring Fábio Assunção , Júlia Lemmertz , Gabriel Kaufmann , Lucas Cotrim , João Gabriel Vasconcellos and Rafael Cardoso . It premiered in Brazil on November 27 , 2009 . The film deals with homosexuality and incest , two types of relationships that are often considered to be taboos . Abranches claims that his only intention was to tell a love story . The release of the film in Brazil , with only nine copies , was seen by almost 100,000 spectators , leading the film to be on the list of the top 10 most watched Brazilian films of 2009 . It was shown in more than 30 national and international festivals , and it was also commercialized in more than 30 countries . In 2010 it was released in DVD in Brazil with success . In France , after a very successful premiere in the cinemas , the first edition of the DVD and Blu-ray was sold out in less than two weeks , [ citation needed ] and it became a best seller internationally through websites such as Fnac and Amazon ." } ] }, { "value": "Aluisio Abranches", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aluisio_Abranches", "summary": "Aluizio Abranches was born in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . He directed the features films Um Copo de Cólera ( A Glass of Rage , 1999 ) , As Três Marias ( The Three Marias , 2002 ) and Do Começo ao Fim ( From Beginning to End , 2009 ) . His latest movie is the romantic comedy Bem Casados ( Happily Married , 2015 ) , successfully released in December 2015 . Graduated in cinema at London Film School and in economics at Universidade Cândido Mendes , Aluizio became known for taking to the cinema screens challenging projects , both in their strategies of creation as well in their themes , with a prestigious crew and great cast . His mostly recurrent themes are family and love , as a counterpoint to a world full of violence , fear and intolerance . A Glass of Rage is based on the novel of the Brazilian writer Raduan Nassar . Starring Julia Lemmetz and Alexandre Borges . The Three Marias is a shakespearean tragedy in the countryside of Pernambuco . Starring Marieta Severo , Julia Lemmertz , Wagner Moura , Lázaro Ramos . From Beginning to End addresses unconditional love between two brothers and it is the third film that Aluizio Works with Julia Lemmertz , who stars the movie with Fábio Assunção , Rafael Cardoso and João Gabriel Vasconcellos . In Happily Married , Aluizio rejoins the partnership with Alexandre Borges , who stars in the comedy with Camila Morgado ." } ] }, { "value": "Rafael Cardoso , João Gabriel Vasconcellos , Júlia Lemmertz , Fábio Assunção", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rafael_Cardoso", "summary": "Rafael Cezar Cardoso ( born November 17 , 1985 ) is a Brazilian actor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Júlia_Lemmertz", "summary": "Júlia Lemmertz Dias ( born March 18 , 1963 ) is a Brazilian television , film and stage actress ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Fábio_Assunção", "summary": "Fábio Assunção Pinto ( born August 10 , 1971 ) is a Brazilian actor . In 2011 , he was nominated for the International Emmy Award for Best Actor in the series Dalva e Herivelto : uma Canção de Amor ." } ] }, { "value": "LGBT , drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LGBT_films", "summary": "This article lists lesbian , gay , bisexual or transgender-related films . The list includes films that deal with or feature significant LGBT issues or characters . The English film title , original title , country of origin and production year are listed . Order is alphabetical by title . Made-for-television films and animated films are listed separately . There are also lists of films by year , by storyline , and those directed by women ." } ] }, { "value": "The Happy Cricket and the Giant Bugs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Happy_Cricket_and_the_Giant_Bugs", "summary": "The Happy Cricket and the Giant Bugs ( Portuguese : O Grilo Feliz e os Insetos Gigantes ) is a 2009 Brazilian computer-animated children 's fantasy film directed by Walbercy Ribas and Rafael Ribas and produced by Start Desenhos Animados . The film is the sequel of The Happy Cricket , released in 2001 . The Happy Cricket and the Giant Bugs was nominated for best movie in the 2009 Chicago International Children 's Film Festival . In 2010 , the film won the Academia Brasileira de Cinema 's prize for best animation and best children 's feature film ." } ] }, { "value": "Walbercy Ribas , Rafael Ribas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vagner Fagundes , Julia Duarte", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Animated", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Animated_film", "summary": "Animation is a method in which pictures are manipulated to appear as moving images . In traditional animation , images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film . Today , most animations are made with computer-generated imagery ( CGI ) . Computer animation can be very detailed 3D animation , while 2D computer animation can be used for stylistic reasons , low bandwidth or faster real-time renderings . Other common animation methods apply a stop motion technique to two and three-dimensional objects like paper cutouts , puppets or clay figures . Commonly the effect of animation is achieved by a rapid succession of sequential images that minimally differ from each other . The illusion - as in motion pictures in general - is thought to rely on the phi phenomenon and beta movement , but the exact causes are still uncertain . Analog mechanical animation media that rely on the rapid display of sequential images include the phénakisticope , zoetrope , flip book , praxinoscope and film . Television and video are popular electronic animation media that originally were analog and now operate digitally . For display on the computer , techniques like animated GIF and Flash animation were developed . Animation is more pervasive than many people realize . Apart from short films , feature films , animated GIF 's and other media dedicated to the display of moving images , animation is also prevalent in video games , motion graphics , user interfaces and visual effects ." } ] }, { "value": "Kafka Goes to the Forest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daniel Matos", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daniel Matos Renata Campos", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Drama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drama_film", "summary": "In film and television , drama is a genre of narrative fiction ( or semi-fiction ) intended to be more serious than humorous in tone . Drama of this kind is usually qualified with additional terms that specify its particular subgenre , such as police crime drama , political drama , legal drama , historical period drama , domestic drama , teen drama or comedy-drama . These terms tend to indicate a particular setting or subject-matter , or else they qualify the otherwise serious tone of a drama with elements that encourage a broader range of moods . All forms of cinema or television that involve fictional stories are forms of drama in the broader sense if their storytelling is achieved by means of actors who represent ( mimesis ) characters . In this broader sense , drama is a mode distinct from novels , short stories , and narrative poetry or songs . In the modern era before the birth of cinema or television , drama within theatre was a type of play that was neither a comedy nor a tragedy . It is this narrower sense that the film and television industries , along with film studies , adopted . Radio drama has been used in both senses - originally transmitted in a live performance , it has also been used to describe the more high-brow and serious end of the dramatic output of radio ." } ] }, { "value": "Lula , Son of Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lula,_Son_of_Brazil", "summary": "Lula , Son of Brazil ( Portuguese : Lula : O Filho do Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈlulɐ u ˈfiʎu du bɾaˈziw ] ) is a 2009 biographical Brazilian film based on the early life of former Brazilian president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva . Directed by Fábio Barreto , the film was released on January 1 , 2010 . Upon its release , Lula , Son of Brazil was the most expensive Brazilian film ever , with a budget of over 17 million reais , being later surpassed by Nosso Lar . On September 23 , 2010 , the film was unanimously chosen by a Ministry of Culture commission as Brazil 's submission to the 83rd Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , despite not having been chosen to compete . The film was a commercial and critical failure , accused as election propaganda , and producers even aired for free . Some observers in Brazil noted the film was a cult of personality ." } ] }, { "value": "Fábio Barreto", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fábio_Barreto", "summary": "Fábio Villela Barreto Borges ( June 6 , 1957 - November 20 , 2019 ) was a Brazilian filmmaker , actor , screenwriter , and film producer . He was best known for directing O Quatrilho ( which was the first Brazilian film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film in more than 30 years ) and Lula , o filho do Brasil , a biography based on President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva 's early life , which had been the most expensive film in the history of Brazilian cinema upon its release . Barreto slipped into a coma in 2009 after being involved in a car accident in Rio de Janeiro and , in August 2014 , was reported to be in a minimally conscious state . He died on November 20 , 2019 , after almost 10 years in a coma ." } ] }, { "value": "Rui Ricardo Dias , Glória Pires , Cléo Pires , Juliana Baroni , Milhem Cortaz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rui_Ricardo_Dias", "summary": "Rui Ricardo Dias ( born December 9 , 1978 ) is a Brazilian actor . He is best known for his performance as former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from ages 18 to 35 in Fábio Barreto 's Lula , o filho do Brasil ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Glória_Pires", "summary": "Glória Maria Cláudia Pires de Morais ( Portuguese pronunciation : [ ˈɡlɔɾjɐ mɐˈɾi.ɐ ˈklawdʒɐ ˈpiɾiʒ dʒi moˈɾajʃ ] ) ; born 23 August 1963 ) is a Brazilian actress . She is best known for her roles in Rede Globo telenovelas such as Dancin ' Days , Cabocla , Vale Tudo , Mulheres de Areia and O Rei do Gado . She is also known for starring in films such as Academy Award-nominated O Quatrilho , box-office hit Se Eu Fosse Você and its sequel , and Lula , Son of Brazil , which is the second most expensive Brazilian film of all time , after Nosso Lar . In 2013 , she starred the movie Reaching for the Moon along with Miranda Otto , and directed by Bruno Barreto . In 2013 , she was also honoured by Forbes Brazil as one of Brazil 's most influential persons being ranked in the 28th position out of the 30 short-listed ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cléo_Pires", "summary": "Cleo Pires Ayrosa Galvão ( born October 2 , 1982 ) is a Brazilian actress and singer ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Juliana_Baroni", "summary": "Juliana Riva Baroni ( born April 18 , 1978 ) is a Brazilian actress and singer . She is best known for being a paquita ( Xuxa 's stage assistant ) for five years and for her leading role on the Rede Bandeirantes telenovela Dance , Dance , Dance ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Milhem_Cortaz", "summary": "Milhem Cortaz ( born December 6 , 1972 ) is a Brazilian actor ." } ] }, { "value": "Bio-pic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biographical_film", "summary": "A biographical film , or biopic ( /ˈbaɪoʊpɪk/ ; abbreviation for biographical motion picture ) , is a film that dramatizes the life of a non-fictional or historically-based person or people . Such films show the life of a historical person and the central character 's real name is used . They differ from docudrama films and historical drama films in that they attempt to comprehensively tell a single person 's life story or at least the most historically important years of their lives . [ original research ? ] Because the figures portrayed are actual people , whose actions and characteristics are known to the public ( or at least historically documented ) , biopic roles are considered some of the most demanding of actors and actresses . [ citation needed ] Ben Kingsley , Johnny Depp , Jim Carrey , Robert Downey Jr. , Jamie Foxx and Eddie Redmayne all gained new-found respect as dramatic actors after starring in biopics : [ citation needed ] Ben Kingsley as Mahatma Gandhi in Gandhi ( 1982 ) , Depp as Ed Wood in Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Carrey as Andy Kaufman in Man on the Moon ( 1999 ) , Downey as Charlie Chaplin in Chaplin ( 1992 ) , Foxx as Ray Charles in Ray ( 2004 ) , and Eddie Redmayne as Stephen Hawking in The Theory of Everything ( 2014 ) . In rare cases , sometimes called auto biopics , the subject of the film plays himself or herself : Jackie Robinson in The Jackie Robinson Story ; Muhammad Ali in The Greatest ; Audie Murphy in To Hell and Back ; Patty Duke in Call Me Anna ; Bob Mathias in The Bob Mathias Story , Arlo Guthrie in Alice 's Restaurant ; Fantasia Barrino in Life Is Not a Fairytale ; and Howard Stern in Private Parts . Biopic scholars include George F. Custen of the College of Staten Island and Dennis P. Bingham of Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis . Custen , in Bio/Pics : How Hollywood Constructed Public History ( 1992 ) , regards the genre as having died with the Hollywood studio era , and in particular , Darryl F. Zanuck . On the other hand , Bingham 's 2010 study Whose Lives Are They Anyway ? The Biopic as Contemporary Film Genre shows how it perpetuates as a codified genre using many of the same tropes used in the studio era that has followed a similar trajectory as that shown by Rick Altman in his study , Film/Genre . Bingham also addresses the male biopic and the female biopic as distinct genres from each other , the former generally dealing with great accomplishments , the latter generally dealing with female victimization ." } ] }, { "value": "Peacetime", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peacetime_(film)", "summary": "Peacetime ( Portuguese : Tempos de Paz ) is a 2009 Brazilian drama film , directed by Daniel Filho . The film is based on the play Novas Diretrizes em Tempos de Paz , written by Bosco Brasil ." } ] }, { "value": "Daniel Filho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daniel_Filho", "summary": "João Carlos Daniel Filho ( born 30 September 1937 ) , best known as Daniel Filho , is a Brazilian film producer , director , actor , and screenwriter . He starred in the film Os Cafajestes , which was entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Tony Ramos , Dan Stulbach", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tony_Ramos", "summary": "Antônio de Carvalho Barbosa ( born August 25 , 1948 ) , best known by the artistic name Tony Ramos , is a Brazilian actor . Ramos has played leading roles in major telenovela productions for more than four decades . Many of his most famous roles share the characteristics of honesty and morality . Many of Ramos ' more recent starring roles in novelas have cast him playing non-Brazilians , including the Greek Nikos ( Belíssima ) , the American Percival Farquhar ( Mad Maria ) , the Indian Opash ( Caminho das Índias ) , and the Italian Antonio Mattoli ( Passione ) . Ramos is fluent in English , French and Spanish , and has some knowledge of Italian . Ramos ' acting process does not involve internalizing the character 's emotions ; instead , he creates his characters using external technique ." } ] }, { "value": "Comedy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Comedy_film", "summary": "A comedy film is a genre of film in which the main emphasis is on humor . These films are designed to make the audience laugh through amusement and most often work by exaggerating characteristics for humorous effect . Films in this style traditionally have a happy ending ( black comedy being an exception ) . One of the oldest genres in film - and derived from the classical comedy in theatre - , some of the very first silent movies were comedies , as slapstick comedy often relies on visual depictions , without requiring sound . When sound films became more prevalent during the 1920s , comedy films took another swing , as laughter could result from burlesque situations but also dialogue . Comedy , compared with other film genres , puts much more focus on individual stars , with many former stand-up comics transitioning to the film industry due to their popularity . While many comic films are lighthearted stories with no intent other than to amuse , others contain political or social commentary ( such as The King of Comedy and Wag the Dog ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Terras", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maya Da-Rin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Documentary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Documentary_film", "summary": "A documentary film is a non-fictional , motion picture intended to document reality , primarily for the purposes of instruction , education , or maintaining a historical record . Documentary has been described as a filmmaking practice , a cinematic tradition , and mode of audience reception that is continually evolving and is without clear boundaries . Documentary films were originally called actuality films , and were one minute , or less , in length . Over time , documentaries have evolved to be longer in length , and to include more categories ; some examples being : educational , observational , and docufiction . Documentaries are meant to be informative works , and are often used within schools , as a resource to teach various principles . Social media platforms , such as YouTube , have provided an avenue for the growth of the documentary film genre ; These platforms have increased the distribution area and ease-of-accessibility ; thereby , enhancing the ability to educate a larger volume of viewers , and broadening the reach of persons who receive that information ." } ] }, { "value": "Veronica", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maurício Farias", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andréa Beltrão , Marco Ricca , Matheus de Sá", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andréa_Beltrão", "summary": "Andréa Vianna Beltrão ( Rio de Janeiro , born on 16 September 1963 ) , commonly known as Andréa Beltrão , is a Brazilian actress . She is most known for acting in comic roles , especially as Marilda in the TV series A Grande Família ." } ] }, { "value": "Thriller", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thriller_(genre)", "summary": "Thriller is a genre of fiction , having numerous , often overlapping subgenres . Thrillers are characterized and defined by the moods they elicit , giving viewers heightened feelings of suspense , excitement , surprise , anticipation and anxiety . Successful examples of thrillers are the films of Alfred Hitchcock . Thrillers generally keep the audience on the edge of their seats as the plot builds towards a climax . The cover-up of important information is a common element . Literary devices such as red herrings , plot twists , and cliffhangers are used extensively . A thriller is usually a villain-driven plot , whereby they present obstacles that the protagonist must overcome ." } ] } ], "section_title": "2009", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Brazilian_films_of_2009_0", "intro": "A list of films produced in Brazil in 2009 (see 2009 in film):" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship_records_and_statistics", "title": "All-Ireland Senior Football Championship records and statistics", "header": [ "Rank", "Player", "Team", "Appearances", "Year" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stephen Cluxton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephen_Cluxton", "summary": "Stephen Cluxton ( born 17 December 1981 ) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays as a goalkeeper with club side Parnells and at inter-county level with the Dublin senior football team . Cluxton made his senior debut for Dublin during the 2001 Championship . Since then he has established himself as Dublin 's first-choice goalkeeper and has won seven All-Ireland medals , beginning with lone triumphs in 2011 and 2013 , and five championships in-a-row from 2015 to 2019 . Cluxton is the only player in the history of the game to captain a team to six championship titles . He has also won a record 14 Leinster medals , four National Football League medals and five All Stars . He is widely regarded as the greatest Gaelic football goalkeeper of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Dublin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dublin_GAA", "summary": "The Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Contae Átha Cliath ) or Dublin GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in the Dublin Region and the Dublin inter-county teams . The team and its fans are known as The Dubs or Boys in Blue . The fans have a special affiliation with the Hill 16 end of Croke Park ." } ] }, { "value": "105", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sean Cavanagh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sean_Cavanagh", "summary": "Seán Cavanagh ( born 16 February 1983 ) is a former five-time All Star-winning Tyrone Gaelic footballer . He has won All-Ireland Championships for Tyrone at Minor level and three times at Senior level , and has captained Ireland in the International Rules Series . His playing style is very attack-minded , considering he is usually deployed as a midfielder like the doc himself , and he usually ends up scoring more than most of the forwards on the team . This is complemented on the team by Brian Dooher 's tireless workrate from the half-forward line - something he is the first to admit . 2008 was his most illustrious year as an individual . He won his third All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , captained Ireland to victory in the International Rules Series , and then won his fourth All Star award as well as Player of the Year . His brother Colm Cavanagh is also a current member of the Tyrone panel ." } ] }, { "value": "Tyrone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tyrone_GAA", "summary": "The Tyrone County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael , Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain ) , or Tyrone GAA , is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland . It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Tyrone and for Tyrone inter-county teams ." } ] }, { "value": "89", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002-2017", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marc Ó Sé", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marc_Ó_Sé", "summary": "Marc Ó Sé ( born 25 April 1980 ) is an Irish sportsman . A teacher by profession , he works in the CBS in Tralee Co. Kerry , he played Gaelic football for the Kerry county team from 2002 until 2016 and played with his local club team An Ghaeltacht until 2018 . He has played right across the back line for Kerry . His older brothers , Darragh and Tomás , also represented Kerry ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002-2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tomás Ó Sé", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tomás_Ó_Sé", "summary": "Tomás Ó Sé ( pronounced [ t̪ˠəˈmˠɑːsˠ oː ˈʃeː ] ; born 21 June 1978 ) is an Irish sportsperson . He plays Gaelic football with Nemo Rangers and was a member of the Kerry senior team from 1998 until retiring in 2013 , playing predominantly in the half-back line . In one of the most decorated careers in Gaelic Games , Ó Sé has won 5 All-Ireland titles , 9 Munster titles and was Footballer of the Year in 2004 . In 2013 , until his retirement later that year , he became the longest-serving inter-county footballer and is widely considered one of the greatest players of the modern game ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1998-2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colm Cooper", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colm_Cooper", "summary": "Colm the Gooch Cooper ( born 3 June 1983 ) is an Irish Gaelic footballer whose league and championship career with the Kerry senior team spanned fifteen years from 2002 to 2017 . Born in Killarney , County Kerry , Cooper was born into a strong Gaelic football family . His father , Mike Cooper , had a strong involvement with the Dr. Crokes club , serving as a minor and junior selector . Colm 's nephew Mark was a part of the 2018 All Ireland winning Kerry Minor team , a competition he himself never won . Cooper played competitive Gaelic football as a student at St. Brendan 's College , however , his tenure coincided with a downturn in fortunes for the college . He first appeared for the Dr. Crokes club at underage levels , before making his debut with the senior team in 2000 . An All-Ireland medal winners with the club in 2017 , Cooper has also won five Munster medals and six county senior championship medals . Cooper made his debut on the inter-county scene at the age of seventeen when he was selected for the Kerry minor team in 2000 . He enjoyed one championship season with the minor team , culminating with the winning of a Munster medal in 2001. Cooper subsequently joined the Kerry under-21 team , winning a Munster medal in 2002 . By this stage he had also joined the Kerry senior team , making his debut during the 2002 league . Over the course of the next fifteen years , Cooper won five All-Ireland medals , beginning with a lone triumph in 2004 , back-to-back championships in 2006 and 2007 , a fourth title in 2009 and a final championship as a non-playing substitute in 2014 due to injury . He also won nine Munster medals , three National Football League medals and was named Texaco Footballer of the Year in 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "85", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002-2016", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andy Moran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andy_Moran", "summary": "Andy Moran ( born 2 November 1983 ) is a Gaelic footballer who plays club football for Ballaghaderreen , he played intercounty for Mayo until his retirement in August 2019 . He made his 150th league and championship appearance for Mayo in June 2017 , his 13th season ." } ] }, { "value": "Mayo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mayo_GAA", "summary": "The Mayo County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Maigh Eo ) or Mayo GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Mayo and the Mayo inter-county teams . Mayo 's senior Gaelic football team play in the Connacht Senior Football Championship . Mayo have won four All-Ireland Senior Football Championship wins - 1936 , 1950 , 1951 and have won the greatest number of National Football League titles consecutively ( 6 from 1934 to 1939 ) . Mayo are also currently the longest serving team the National Football League ( Ireland ) division 1 , having played there since 1997 . Mayo have in recent times become known for reaching All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals only to fall at the ultimate hurdle . Mayo hold the Championship record for consecutive losing All-Ireland Senior Football Final appearances , this currently stands at nine . In 1989 , they reached their first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final since their last previous appearance in 1951 only to lose to Cork . In 1996 , a freak point by Meath at the end of the final forced a replay , which saw Mayo concede another late score that would deny them victory . Kerry bridged an 11-year title gap against them in 1997 with a three-point win , before torturing them by eight points in 2004 and thirteen points in 2006 . Mayo returned to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final in 2012 only for Donegal to bridge a 20-year gap between titles , helped in no small part by a nightmare opening quarter for Mayo as Michael Murphy launched a rocket of a shot into the goal after three minutes . Then , in the eleventh minute , Colm McFadden seized the ball from the grasp of Kevin Keane and slid it into the net for a second Donegal goal . Mayo managed thirteen points to Donegal 's two goals and eleven , only got on the scoresheet after sixteen minutes when already two goals behind and never led during the match ." } ] }, { "value": "84", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004-2019", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darragh Ó Sé", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darragh_Ó_Sé", "summary": "Darragh Ó Sé ( born 5 March 1975 in Ard an Bhóthair , Ventry , County Kerry ) is an Irish former Gaelic footballer . He plays with his local club , An Ghaeltacht , and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team from 1997 until he announced his retirement in early 2010 . Ó Sé has made 81 championship appearances , scoring one goal and 31 points . He also appeared for Kerry in 95 National Football League games scoring one goal and 26 points . He is regarded as one of the greatest midfielders of all time ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "81", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1997-2010", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tom O'Sullivan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_O'Sullivan", "summary": "Tom O'Sullivan is a former Gaelic football player from County Kerry . A Garda Síochána by profession , he played his club football for Rathmore and his county football for Kerry GAA ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "76", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000-2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Conor Gormley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conor_Gormley", "summary": "Conor Gormley ( born 10 October 1980 ) is a Gaelic footballer from Carrickmore in County Tyrone . He is a three-time All-Ireland Senior Football Championship winner and All Stars Award winner in 2003 , 2005 and 2008 . He played for the Tyrone county football team ." } ] }, { "value": "Tyrone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tyrone_GAA", "summary": "The Tyrone County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael , Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain ) , or Tyrone GAA , is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland . It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Tyrone and for Tyrone inter-county teams ." } ] }, { "value": "75", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001-2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brian Dooher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brian_Dooher", "summary": "Brian Dooher is an Irish sportsperson from County Tyrone , Northern Ireland . He was a member of the Tyrone senior Gaelic football team between 1995 and 2011 . He has won three All-Ireland Senior Football Championship medals , five Ulster Senior Football Championship and two National League titles with the county . He has also won three All Star Awards , and six Ulster All-Stars - the joint leader with Kieran McGeeney and Steven McDonnell . Dooher plays his club football for Clann na nGael . Dooher is renowned for his hardworking playing style , often doing the gritty , unfashionable work , like picking up the ball in defence , to feed the forward players . He is also an accurate point scorer . Although he usually starts in the half-forward line , his roaming nature means he is rarely ever stationed there for very long . His contributions to the game do not go unnoticed by his teammates , as Sean Cavanagh remarked in 2003 how I would n't be able to [ play to my strengths ] without Brian 's workrate . In the same article , the Irish Examiner said , it would be no exaggeration to call him the hardest working footballer in Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Tyrone", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tyrone_GAA", "summary": "The Tyrone County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Lúthchleas Gael , Coiste Chontae Tír Eoghain ) , or Tyrone GAA , is one of the 32 county boards of the Gaelic Athletic Association in Ireland . It is responsible for Gaelic games in County Tyrone and for Tyrone inter-county teams ." } ] }, { "value": "73", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1995-2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ross Munnelly", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ross_Munnelly", "summary": "Ross Munnelly ( born 23 December 1982 ) is an Irish sportsperson from County Laois . He plays Gaelic football for his club Arles/Kilcruise and the Laois senior team . In 2003 , he was part of the Laois team that won the Leinster Senior Football Championship title for the first time since 1946 . He usually plays at wing forward for Laois ." } ] }, { "value": "Laois", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laois_GAA", "summary": "The Laois County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Laois ) or Laois GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "73", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Keith Higgins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Keith_Higgins", "summary": "Keith Higgins ( Irish : Ceiteach Ó hUiginn ) is an Irish sportsperson . He has played Gaelic football and hurling for both his club Ballyhaunis and the Mayo senior inter-county teams . In 2006 , he was the Young Player of the Year . He also captained both the Mayo Under 21 Football & Hurling teams to All Ireland Championships . Injury ruled him out of the 2007 championship . Higgins has also represented Mayo and has played for Connacht in the Railway Cup in hurling winning a medal in 2005 , in 2014 he became the first Connacht player won win football & hurling Railway Cups after Connacht win a first title since 1968 . Hurling is his first love . In 2005 he won a Christy Ring Cup All Star , In 2008 , Higgins was nominated for the Christy Ring Cup Player of the Year award . Higgins was voted as the Cadbury 's Hero of the Future in 2006 . During Mayo 's 2011 NFL campaign , Higgins received praise for his outstanding performances in right half back . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Mayo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mayo_GAA", "summary": "The Mayo County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Maigh Eo ) or Mayo GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Mayo and the Mayo inter-county teams . Mayo 's senior Gaelic football team play in the Connacht Senior Football Championship . Mayo have won four All-Ireland Senior Football Championship wins - 1936 , 1950 , 1951 and have won the greatest number of National Football League titles consecutively ( 6 from 1934 to 1939 ) . Mayo are also currently the longest serving team the National Football League ( Ireland ) division 1 , having played there since 1997 . Mayo have in recent times become known for reaching All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals only to fall at the ultimate hurdle . Mayo hold the Championship record for consecutive losing All-Ireland Senior Football Final appearances , this currently stands at nine . In 1989 , they reached their first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final since their last previous appearance in 1951 only to lose to Cork . In 1996 , a freak point by Meath at the end of the final forced a replay , which saw Mayo concede another late score that would deny them victory . Kerry bridged an 11-year title gap against them in 1997 with a three-point win , before torturing them by eight points in 2004 and thirteen points in 2006 . Mayo returned to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final in 2012 only for Donegal to bridge a 20-year gap between titles , helped in no small part by a nightmare opening quarter for Mayo as Michael Murphy launched a rocket of a shot into the goal after three minutes . Then , in the eleventh minute , Colm McFadden seized the ball from the grasp of Kevin Keane and slid it into the net for a second Donegal goal . Mayo managed thirteen points to Donegal 's two goals and eleven , only got on the scoresheet after sixteen minutes when already two goals behind and never led during the match ." } ] }, { "value": "74", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John O'Leary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_O'Leary_(Gaelic_footballer)", "summary": "John O'Leary ( born c. 1961 ) is a Dublin-born Gaelic footballer who played inter-county football for Dublin and club football for O'Dwyers . He is an area manager for Permanent TSB and has recently been a political candidate for Fianna Fáil in the constituency of Dublin North . O'Leary has a biography of his sporting career with Dublin co-written with Martin Breheny and published by Blackwater Press in 1997 entitled Back To The Hill ." } ] }, { "value": "Dublin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dublin_GAA", "summary": "The Dublin County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( Irish : Cumann Luthchleas Gael Coiste Contae Átha Cliath ) or Dublin GAA is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in the Dublin Region and the Dublin inter-county teams . The team and its fans are known as The Dubs or Boys in Blue . The fans have a special affiliation with the Hill 16 end of Croke Park ." } ] }, { "value": "70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1980-1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Declan O'Sullivan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Declan_O'Sullivan", "summary": "Declan O'Sullivan ( born 18 December 1983 ) is an Irish former sportsperson . He last played Gaelic football with his local club Dromid Pearses , his divisional side South Kerry and was a member of the Kerry senior inter-county team since from 2003 until his retirement in 2014 . O'Sullivan captained Kerry to back-to-back All-Ireland titles in 2006 and 2007 . He is regarded as one of the all-time great centre forwards . Since retirement , O'Sullivan has taken the role of Kerry Minor selector for the 2015 season . As part of Jack O Connor 's backroom team , in O'Sullivan 's first season as selector , they captured the All-Ireland title . While O'Connor completed the historic back-to-back All-Ireland titles . O'Sullivan joined Jack O'Connor as selector for the Kerry under-21 football team for the 2016 Championship season ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003-14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aidan O'Mahony", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aidan_O'Mahony", "summary": "Aidan O'Mahony ( born 8 June 1980 in Tralee ) is an Irish Gaelic footballer who plays for the Kerry senior football team . He has 5 All-Irelands , 3 NFLs , 10 Munster Championships , 1 County Senior Championship , 1 Senior Club County Championship , 1 County U21 Championship , 1 County Intermediate Championship and 2 All Stars . A Garda Síochána member , he played for Kerry 's U21 team in 2000 and 2001 . He debuted for the Kerry senior team in the 2003 League campaign and in the Championship versus Clare in 2004 . He started the 2004 All-Ireland Final against Mayo , which Kerry won . He repeated the performance in the 2006 All-Ireland Final against the same team . Kerry dominated , and Mayo were easily defeated by a score of 4-15 to 3-05 , and O'Mahony picked up the RTÉ Man of the Match Award for scoring 2 points and marking Ciarán McDonald . He won further All-Ireland medals in 2006 and 2007 , gaining an All Star in each of those years . He has 2 NFL medals from 2004 and 2005 and also won the Munster club championship with his club Rathmore . O'Mahony again played an important part as Kerry reached the 2008 All-Ireland In 2010 , O'Mahony took a break from inter-county football after Kerry 's NFL campaign for personal reasons ; he , however , returned to the panel for the Championship . In 2005 , following the All-Ireland final loss to Tyrone , O'Mahoney tested positive for a banned steroid , salbutamol . However he faced no censure because salbutamol is found in asthma inhalers , and he was thus granted a therapeutic use exemption ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerry_GAA", "summary": "The Kerry County Board of the Gaelic Athletic Association ( GAA ) ( or Kerry GAA ) is one of the 32 county boards of the GAA in Ireland , and is responsible for Gaelic games in County Kerry . The county board is also responsible for the Kerry inter-county teams . The Kerry branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association was founded in the year 1888 . Gaelic football is the dominant sport in the county , with both the men 's and women 's teams among the strongest in the country at senior level . In hurling , the men 's side compete in the sport 's premier inter-county competition , the Liam MacCarthy Cup , while the camogie team does not compete at senior level . Kerry are the most successful team in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship , topping the list of counties for All-Irelands won . They have won the competition on 37 occasions , including two four-in-a-rows ( 1929-1932 , 1978-1981 ) and two three-in-a-rows ( 1939-1941 , 1984-1986 ) . They have also lost more finals than any other county , having lost on 23 occasions . The Ó Sé family are particularly renowned : beginning with Páidí , they had at least one member play a part in all 22 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals that Kerry participated in between 1975 and 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004-17", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Players -- All-time appearances", "section_text": "As of 9 June 2019", "uid": "All-Ireland_Senior_Football_Championship_records_and_statistics_2", "intro": "This article contains records and statistics related to the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, which has run since 1887." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_Hytner", "title": "Nicholas Hytner", "header": [ "House", "Opera", "Composer", "First production" ], "data": [ { "value": "Kent Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kent_Opera", "summary": "Kent Opera was a British opera company in the period 1969-1989 . Based in Ashford , England the Company presented its productions in several centres mainly in the southern part of England . These included The Orchard Theatre , Dartford , the Assembly Halls , Tunbridge Wells , Marlowe Theatre , Canterbury , Kings Theatre , Southsea , Theatre Royal Norwich , the Derngate , Northampton . Operas were performed in English usually with new translations of the libretto , mainly by professor Michael Irwin but also by both Norman Platt and Anne Riddler . The orchestra was at first the Midland Sinfonia , though after two years the company employed its own orchestra ." } ] }, { "value": "The Turn of the Screw", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Turn_of_the_Screw_(opera)", "summary": "The Turn of the Screw is a 20th-century English chamber opera composed by Benjamin Britten with a libretto by Myfanwy Piper , wife of the artist John Piper , who had been a friend of the composer since 1935 and had provided designs for several of the operas . The libretto is based on the novella The Turn of the Screw by Henry James . The opera was commissioned by the Venice Biennale and given its world premiere on 14 September 1954 , at the Teatro La Fenice , Venice . The original recording was made during that year , with the composer conducting . Described as one of the most dramatically appealing English operas , the opera in two acts has a prologue and sixteen scenes , each preceded by a variation on the twelve-note 'Screw ' theme . Typically of Britten , the music mixes tonality and dissonance , with Britten 's recurrent use of a twelve-tone figure being perhaps a nod to the approach of Arnold Schoenberg . Thematically , the play gives a central role to a line borrowed from W. B. Yeats ' poem The Second Coming : The ceremony of innocence is drowned ." } ] }, { "value": "Benjamin Britten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benjamin_Britten", "summary": "Edward Benjamin Britten , Baron Britten OM CH ( 22 November 1913 - 4 December 1976 ) was an English composer , conductor , and pianist . He was a central figure of 20th-century British classical music , with a range of works including opera , other vocal music , orchestral and chamber pieces . His best-known works include the opera Peter Grimes ( 1945 ) , the War Requiem ( 1962 ) and the orchestral showpiece The Young Person 's Guide to the Orchestra ( 1945 ) . Born in Lowestoft , Suffolk , the son of a dentist , Britten showed talent from an early age . He studied at the Royal College of Music in London and privately with the composer Frank Bridge . Britten first came to public attention with the a cappella choral work A Boy was Born in 1934 . With the premiere of Peter Grimes in 1945 , he leapt to international fame . Over the next 28 years , he wrote 14 more operas , establishing himself as one of the leading 20th-century composers in the genre . In addition to large-scale operas for Sadler 's Wells and Covent Garden , he wrote chamber operas for small forces , suitable for performance in venues of modest size . Among the best known of these is The Turn of the Screw ( 1954 ) . Recurring themes in his operas include the struggle of an outsider against a hostile society and the corruption of innocence . Britten 's other works range from orchestral to choral , solo vocal , chamber and instrumental as well as film music ." } ] }, { "value": "1979", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kent Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kent_Opera", "summary": "Kent Opera was a British opera company in the period 1969-1989 . Based in Ashford , England the Company presented its productions in several centres mainly in the southern part of England . These included The Orchard Theatre , Dartford , the Assembly Halls , Tunbridge Wells , Marlowe Theatre , Canterbury , Kings Theatre , Southsea , Theatre Royal Norwich , the Derngate , Northampton . Operas were performed in English usually with new translations of the libretto , mainly by professor Michael Irwin but also by both Norman Platt and Anne Riddler . The orchestra was at first the Midland Sinfonia , though after two years the company employed its own orchestra ." } ] }, { "value": "The Marriage of Figaro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro", "summary": "The Marriage of Figaro ( Italian : Le nozze di Figaro , pronounced [ le ˈnɔttse di ˈfiːɡaro ] ( listen ) ) , K. 492 , is an opera buffa ( comic opera ) in four acts composed in 1786 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , with an Italian libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte . It premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 1 May 1786 . The opera 's libretto is based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais , La folle journée , ou le Mariage de Figaro ( The Mad Day , or The Marriage of Figaro ) , which was first performed in 1784 . It tells how the servants Figaro and Susanna succeed in getting married , foiling the efforts of their philandering employer Count Almaviva to seduce Susanna and teaching him a lesson in fidelity . The opera is a cornerstone of the repertoire and appears consistently among the top ten in the Operabase list of most frequently performed operas ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "1981", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wexford Festival Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wexford_Festival_Opera", "summary": "Wexford Festival Opera ( Irish : Féile Ceoldráma Loch Garman ) is an opera festival that takes place in the town of Wexford in south-eastern Ireland during the months of October and November . The festival began in 1951 under Tom Walsh and a group of opera lovers who quickly generated considerable interest by programming unusual and rare works , a typical festival staging three operas . This concept has been maintained over the company 's history under the direction of seven different artistic directors . From the beginning , the company embraced new and upcoming young singers , many of whom were Irish , but it also included new international names who made first appearances there . By the 1960s Czech and Russian operas entered the repertory , while the 1970s saw an interest in the operas of Jules Massenet under director Thomson Smillie , followed by an emphasis on Italian operas from the end of that decade . However , into the mix there appeared more modern operas by Benjamin Britten and Carlisle Floyd while Elaine Padmore 's 12-year tenure resulted in more international singers making first appearances and the beginnings of commercial recordings and radio broadcasts . David Agler , the artistic director since 2005 , oversaw the creation of a new opera house with enhanced facilities on the site of the original theatre ." } ] }, { "value": "Sakùntala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sakùntala", "summary": "La leggenda di Sakùntala ( titled Sakùntala in its revised version ) is a three-act opera by Franco Alfano , who wrote his own libretto , basing his work on Kalidasa 's 5th-century BC drama Abhijñānaśākuntalam ." } ] }, { "value": "Franco Alfano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Franco_Alfano", "summary": "Franco Alfano ( 8 March 1875 in Posillipo , Naples - 27 October 1954 in Sanremo ) was an Italian composer and pianist , best known today for his opera Risurrezione ( 1904 ) and above all for having completed Puccini 's opera Turandot in 1926 . He had considerable success with several of his own works during his lifetime ." } ] }, { "value": "1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kent Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kent_Opera", "summary": "Kent Opera was a British opera company in the period 1969-1989 . Based in Ashford , England the Company presented its productions in several centres mainly in the southern part of England . These included The Orchard Theatre , Dartford , the Assembly Halls , Tunbridge Wells , Marlowe Theatre , Canterbury , Kings Theatre , Southsea , Theatre Royal Norwich , the Derngate , Northampton . Operas were performed in English usually with new translations of the libretto , mainly by professor Michael Irwin but also by both Norman Platt and Anne Riddler . The orchestra was at first the Midland Sinfonia , though after two years the company employed its own orchestra ." } ] }, { "value": "King Priam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/King_Priam", "summary": "King Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett , to his own libretto . The story is based on Homer 's Iliad , except the birth and childhood of Paris , which are taken from the Fabulae of Hyginus . The premiere was on 29 May 1962 , at Coventry . The opera was composed for an arts festival held in conjunction with the reconsecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral , for which Benjamin Britten also wrote his War Requiem , which was first performed in the Cathedral the day after the premiere of King Priam . The first Covent Garden performance was on 5 June , conducted by John Pritchard . It was premiered in Germany at the Badisches Staatstheater in 1963 , in Greece at the 1985 Athens Festival , in France at the Opéra de Nancy et de Lorraine in 1988 , in Italy at Batignano in 1990 , and in the United States San Francisco Opera Center Showcase in 1994 . In 2014 the work was revived by English Touring Opera , with a reduced orchestration by Iain Farrington , the first performance of this version being given at the Linbury Studio Theatre at the Royal Opera House on 13 February 2014 . As epigraph to the score Tippett placed the German words Es möge uns das Schicksal gönnen , dass wir das innere Ohr von dem Munde der Seele nicht abwenden , or , May Fate grant that we never turn our inner ear away from our soul 's lips . These words conclude a 1912 essay on the paintings of Arnold Schoenberg by Wassily Kandinsky ." } ] }, { "value": "Michael Tippett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Tippett", "summary": "Sir Michael Kemp Tippett OM CH CBE ( 2 January 1905 - 8 January 1998 ) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War . In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten as one of the leading British composers of the 20th century . Among his best-known works are the oratorio A Child of Our Time , the orchestral Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli , and the opera The Midsummer Marriage . Tippett 's talent developed slowly . He withdrew or destroyed his earliest compositions , and was 30 before any of his works were published . Until the mid-to-late 1950s his music was broadly lyrical in character , before changing to a more astringent and experimental style . New influences , including those of jazz and blues after his first visit to America in 1965 , became increasingly evident in his compositions . While Tippett 's stature with the public continued to grow , not all critics approved of these changes in style , some believing that the quality of his work suffered as a consequence . From around 1976 Tippett 's late works began to reflect the works of his youth through a return to lyricism . Although he was much honoured in his lifetime , critical judgement on Tippett 's legacy has been uneven , the greatest praise being generally reserved for his earlier works . His centenary in 2005 was a muted affair ; apart from the few best-known works , his music has been performed infrequently in the 21st century . Having briefly embraced communism in the 1930s , Tippett avoided identifying with any political party ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "English National Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/English_National_Opera", "summary": "English National Opera ( ENO ) is an opera company based in London , resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin 's Lane . It is one of the two principal opera companies in London , along with The Royal Opera , Covent Garden . ENO 's productions are sung in English . The company 's origins were in the late 19th century , when the philanthropist Emma Cons , later assisted by her niece Lilian Baylis , presented theatrical and operatic performances at the Old Vic , for the benefit of local people . Baylis subsequently built up both the opera and the theatre companies , and later added a ballet company ; these evolved into ENO , the Royal National Theatre and The Royal Ballet , respectively . Baylis acquired and rebuilt the Sadler 's Wells theatre in north London , a larger house , better suited to opera than the Old Vic . The opera company grew there into a permanent ensemble in the 1930s . During the Second World War , the theatre was closed and the company toured British towns and cities . After the war , the company returned to its home , but it continued to expand and improve . By the 1960s , a larger theatre was needed . In 1968 , the company moved to the London Coliseum and adopted its present name in 1974 . Among the conductors associated with the company have been Colin Davis , Reginald Goodall , Charles Mackerras , Mark Elder and Edward Gardner ." } ] }, { "value": "Rienzi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rienzi", "summary": "Rienzi , der letzte der Tribunen ( Rienzi , the last of the tribunes ; WWV 49 ) is an early opera by Richard Wagner in five acts , with the libretto written by the composer after Edward Bulwer-Lytton 's novel of the same name ( 1835 ) . The title is commonly shortened to Rienzi . Written between July 1838 and November 1840 , it was first performed at the Königliches Hoftheater , Dresden , on 20 October 1842 , and was the composer 's first success . The opera is set in Rome and is based on the life of Cola di Rienzi ( 1313-1354 ) , a late medieval Italian populist figure who succeeds in outwitting and then defeating the nobles and their followers and in raising the power of the people . Magnanimous at first , he is forced by events to crush the nobles ' rebellion against the people 's power , but popular opinion changes and even the Church , which had urged him to assert himself , turns against him . In the end the populace burns the Capitol , in which Rienzi and a few adherents have made a last stand ." } ] }, { "value": "Wagner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Richard_Wagner", "summary": "Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( /ˈvɑːɡnər/ VAHG-nər , German : [ ˈʁɪçaʁt ˈvaːɡnɐ ] ( listen ) ; 22 May 1813 - 13 February 1883 ) was a German composer , theatre director , polemicist , and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas ( or , as some of his mature works were later known , music dramas ) . Unlike most opera composers , Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works . Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer , Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the Gesamtkunstwerk ( total work of art ) , by which he sought to synthesise the poetic , visual , musical and dramatic arts , with music subsidiary to drama . He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852 . Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle Der Ring des Nibelungen ( The Ring of the Nibelung ) . His compositions , particularly those of his later period , are notable for their complex textures , rich harmonies and orchestration , and the elaborate use of leitmotifs - musical phrases associated with individual characters , places , ideas , or plot elements . His advances in musical language , such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres , greatly influenced the development of classical music . His Tristan und Isolde is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music . Wagner had his own opera house built , the Bayreuth Festspielhaus , which embodied many novel design features . The Ring and Parsifal were premiered here and his most important stage works continue to be performed at the annual Bayreuth Festival , run by his descendants . His thoughts on the relative contributions of music and drama in opera were to change again , and he reintroduced some traditional forms into his last few stage works , including Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg ( The Mastersingers of Nuremberg ) . Until his final years , Wagner 's life was characterised by political exile , turbulent love affairs , poverty and repeated flight from his creditors ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "English National Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/English_National_Opera", "summary": "English National Opera ( ENO ) is an opera company based in London , resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin 's Lane . It is one of the two principal opera companies in London , along with The Royal Opera , Covent Garden . ENO 's productions are sung in English . The company 's origins were in the late 19th century , when the philanthropist Emma Cons , later assisted by her niece Lilian Baylis , presented theatrical and operatic performances at the Old Vic , for the benefit of local people . Baylis subsequently built up both the opera and the theatre companies , and later added a ballet company ; these evolved into ENO , the Royal National Theatre and The Royal Ballet , respectively . Baylis acquired and rebuilt the Sadler 's Wells theatre in north London , a larger house , better suited to opera than the Old Vic . The opera company grew there into a permanent ensemble in the 1930s . During the Second World War , the theatre was closed and the company toured British towns and cities . After the war , the company returned to its home , but it continued to expand and improve . By the 1960s , a larger theatre was needed . In 1968 , the company moved to the London Coliseum and adopted its present name in 1974 . Among the conductors associated with the company have been Colin Davis , Reginald Goodall , Charles Mackerras , Mark Elder and Edward Gardner ." } ] }, { "value": "Xerxes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Serse", "summary": "Serse ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈsɛrse ] ; English title : Xerxes ; HWV 40 ) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel . It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738 . The Italian libretto was adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia for an earlier opera of the same name by Giovanni Bononcini in 1694 . Stampiglia 's libretto was itself based on one by Nicolò Minato that was set by Francesco Cavalli in 1654 . The opera is set in Persia ( modern-day Iran ) about 470 BC and is very loosely based upon Xerxes I of Persia . Serse , originally sung by a mezzo soprano castrato , is now usually performed by a mezzo-soprano or counter-tenor . The opening aria , Ombra mai fu , sung by Xerxes to a plane tree ( Platanus orientalis ) , is set to one of Handel 's best-known melodies , and is often known as Handel 's Largo ( despite being marked larghetto in the score ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Handel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel", "summary": "George Frideric ( or Frederick ) Handel ( /ˈhændəl/ ; [ a ] born Georg Friederich Händel [ b ] [ ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhɛndl̩ ] ( listen ) ; 23 February 1685 ( O.S . ) [ ( N.S . ) 5 March ] - 14 April 1759 ) [ c ] was a German , later British , Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London , becoming well known for his operas , oratorios , anthems , concerti grossi and organ concertos . Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712 ; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727 . He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition . Within fifteen years , Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera . Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that Handel was not only a great composer ; he was a dramatic genius of the first order . As Alexander 's Feast ( 1736 ) was well received , Handel made a transition to English choral works . After his success with Messiah ( 1742 ) he never composed an Italian opera again . Almost blind , and having lived in England for nearly fifty years , he died in 1759 , a respected and rich man . His funeral was given full state honours , and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London . Born the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti , Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era , with works such as Messiah , Water Music , and Music for the Royal Fireworks remaining steadfastly popular ." } ] }, { "value": "1985", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paris Opéra", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paris_Opera", "summary": "The Paris Opera ( French : Opéra de Paris , IPA : [ opeʁa də paʁi ] ( listen ) ) is the primary opera and ballet company of France . It was founded in 1669 by Louis XIV as the Académie d'Opéra , and shortly thereafter was placed under the leadership of Jean-Baptiste Lully and officially renamed the Académie Royale de Musique , but continued to be known more simply as the Opéra . Classical ballet as it is known today arose within the Paris Opera as the Paris Opera Ballet and has remained an integral and important part of the company . Currently called the Opéra national de Paris , it mainly produces operas at its modern 2,723-seat theatre Opéra Bastille which opened in 1989 , and ballets and some classical operas at the older 1,979-seat Palais Garnier which opened in 1875 . Small scale and contemporary works are also staged in the 500-seat Amphitheatre under the Opéra Bastille . The company 's annual budget is in the order of 200 million euros , of which €100M come from the French state and €70M from box office receipts . With this money , the company runs the two houses and supports a large permanent staff , which includes the orchestra of 170 , a chorus of 110 and the corps de ballet of 150 . Each year , the Paris Opera presents about 380 performances of opera , ballet and other concerts , to a total audience of about 800,000 people ( of whom 17% come from abroad ) , with an average seat occupancy rate of 94% . In the 2012-2013 season , the Paris Opera presented 18 opera titles ( two in a double bill ) , 13 ballets , 5 symphonic concerts and two vocal recitals , plus 15 other programmes . The company 's training bodies are also active , with 7 concerts from the Atelier Lyrique and 4 programmes from the École de Danse ." } ] }, { "value": "Giulio Cesare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giulio_Cesare", "summary": "Giulio Cesare in Egitto ( pronounced [ ˈdʒuːljo ˈtʃeːzare in eˈdʒitto , - ˈtʃɛː- ] ; Italian for Julius Caesar in Egypt , HWV 17 ) , commonly known as Giulio Cesare , is a dramma per musica ( opera seria ) in three acts composed for the Royal Academy of Music by George Frideric Handel in 1724 . The libretto was written by Nicola Francesco Haym who used an earlier libretto by Giacomo Francesco Bussani , which had been set to music by Antonio Sartorio ( 1676 ) . The opera was a success at its first performances , was frequently revived by Handel in his subsequent opera seasons and is now one of the most often performed Baroque operas . The opera 's plot is loosely based on historic events during the Roman Civil War of 49-45 BC ." } ] }, { "value": "Handel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel", "summary": "George Frideric ( or Frederick ) Handel ( /ˈhændəl/ ; [ a ] born Georg Friederich Händel [ b ] [ ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhɛndl̩ ] ( listen ) ; 23 February 1685 ( O.S . ) [ ( N.S . ) 5 March ] - 14 April 1759 ) [ c ] was a German , later British , Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London , becoming well known for his operas , oratorios , anthems , concerti grossi and organ concertos . Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712 ; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727 . He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition . Within fifteen years , Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera . Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that Handel was not only a great composer ; he was a dramatic genius of the first order . As Alexander 's Feast ( 1736 ) was well received , Handel made a transition to English choral works . After his success with Messiah ( 1742 ) he never composed an Italian opera again . Almost blind , and having lived in England for nearly fifty years , he died in 1759 , a respected and rich man . His funeral was given full state honours , and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London . Born the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti , Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era , with works such as Messiah , Water Music , and Music for the Royal Fireworks remaining steadfastly popular ." } ] }, { "value": "1987", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Royal Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Opera_House", "summary": "The Royal Opera House ( ROH ) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden , central London . The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden , after a previous use of the site of the opera house 's original construction in 1732 . It is the home of The Royal Opera , The Royal Ballet , and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House . Originally called the Theatre Royal , it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history . In 1734 , the first ballet was presented . A year later , Handel 's first season of operas began . Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there . The current building is the third theatre on the site following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 . The façade , foyer , and auditorium date from 1858 , but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s . The main auditorium seats 2,256 people , making it the third largest in London , and consists of four tiers of boxes and balconies and the amphitheatre gallery . The proscenium is 12.20 m wide and 14.80 m high . The main auditorium is a Grade I listed building ." } ] }, { "value": "Kuningas lähtee Ranskaan ( The King Goes Forth To France )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kuningas_lähtee_Ranskaan", "summary": "Kuningas lähtee Ranskaan ( English : The King Goes Forth to France ) is an opera in three acts by Aulis Sallinen , based on the novel of the same title by Paavo Haavikko , who also wrote the libretto . The English singing version is by Stephen Oliver ." } ] }, { "value": "Aulis Sallinen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aulis_Sallinen", "summary": "Aulis Sallinen ( born 9 April 1935 ) is a Finnish contemporary classical music composer . His music has been variously described as remorselessly harsh , a beautifully crafted amalgam of several 20th-century styles , and neo-romantic . Sallinen studied at the Sibelius Academy , where his teachers included Joonas Kokkonen . He has had works commissioned by the Kronos Quartet , and has also written seven operas , eight symphonies , concertos for violin , cello , flute , horn , and English horn , as well as several chamber works . He won the Nordic Council Music Prize in 1978 for his opera Ratsumies ( The Horseman ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1987", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Royal Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Opera_House", "summary": "The Royal Opera House ( ROH ) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden , central London . The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden , after a previous use of the site of the opera house 's original construction in 1732 . It is the home of The Royal Opera , The Royal Ballet , and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House . Originally called the Theatre Royal , it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history . In 1734 , the first ballet was presented . A year later , Handel 's first season of operas began . Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there . The current building is the third theatre on the site following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 . The façade , foyer , and auditorium date from 1858 , but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s . The main auditorium seats 2,256 people , making it the third largest in London , and consists of four tiers of boxes and balconies and the amphitheatre gallery . The proscenium is 12.20 m wide and 14.80 m high . The main auditorium is a Grade I listed building ." } ] }, { "value": "The Knot Garden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Knot_Garden", "summary": "The Knot Garden is the third opera by composer Michael Tippett for which he wrote the original English libretto . The work had its first performance at the Royal Opera House , Covent Garden , on 2 December 1970 conducted by Sir Colin Davis and produced by Sir Peter Hall . There is a recording with the original cast ." } ] }, { "value": "Michael Tippett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Tippett", "summary": "Sir Michael Kemp Tippett OM CH CBE ( 2 January 1905 - 8 January 1998 ) was an English composer who rose to prominence during and immediately after the Second World War . In his lifetime he was sometimes ranked with his contemporary Benjamin Britten as one of the leading British composers of the 20th century . Among his best-known works are the oratorio A Child of Our Time , the orchestral Fantasia Concertante on a Theme of Corelli , and the opera The Midsummer Marriage . Tippett 's talent developed slowly . He withdrew or destroyed his earliest compositions , and was 30 before any of his works were published . Until the mid-to-late 1950s his music was broadly lyrical in character , before changing to a more astringent and experimental style . New influences , including those of jazz and blues after his first visit to America in 1965 , became increasingly evident in his compositions . While Tippett 's stature with the public continued to grow , not all critics approved of these changes in style , some believing that the quality of his work suffered as a consequence . From around 1976 Tippett 's late works began to reflect the works of his youth through a return to lyricism . Although he was much honoured in his lifetime , critical judgement on Tippett 's legacy has been uneven , the greatest praise being generally reserved for his earlier works . His centenary in 2005 was a muted affair ; apart from the few best-known works , his music has been performed infrequently in the 21st century . Having briefly embraced communism in the 1930s , Tippett avoided identifying with any political party ." } ] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [] }, { "value": "English National Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/English_National_Opera", "summary": "English National Opera ( ENO ) is an opera company based in London , resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin 's Lane . It is one of the two principal opera companies in London , along with The Royal Opera , Covent Garden . ENO 's productions are sung in English . The company 's origins were in the late 19th century , when the philanthropist Emma Cons , later assisted by her niece Lilian Baylis , presented theatrical and operatic performances at the Old Vic , for the benefit of local people . Baylis subsequently built up both the opera and the theatre companies , and later added a ballet company ; these evolved into ENO , the Royal National Theatre and The Royal Ballet , respectively . Baylis acquired and rebuilt the Sadler 's Wells theatre in north London , a larger house , better suited to opera than the Old Vic . The opera company grew there into a permanent ensemble in the 1930s . During the Second World War , the theatre was closed and the company toured British towns and cities . After the war , the company returned to its home , but it continued to expand and improve . By the 1960s , a larger theatre was needed . In 1968 , the company moved to the London Coliseum and adopted its present name in 1974 . Among the conductors associated with the company have been Colin Davis , Reginald Goodall , Charles Mackerras , Mark Elder and Edward Gardner ." } ] }, { "value": "The Magic Flute", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Magic_Flute", "summary": "The Magic Flute ( German : Die Zauberflöte pronounced [ ˈdiː ˈt͡saʊ̯bɐˌfløːtə ] ) , K. 620 , is an opera in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to a German libretto by Emanuel Schikaneder . The work is in the form of a Singspiel , a popular form during the time it was written that included both singing and spoken dialogue . [ a ] The work was premiered on 30 September 1791 at Schikaneder 's theatre , the Freihaus-Theater auf der Wieden in Vienna , just two months before the composer 's premature death . In this opera , the Queen of the Night persuades Prince Tamino to rescue her daughter Pamina from captivity under the high priest Sarastro ; instead , he learns the high ideals of Sarastro 's community and seeks to join it . Separately , then together , Tamino and Pamina undergo severe trials of initiation , which end in triumph , with the Queen and her cohorts vanquished . The earthy Papageno , who accompanies Tamino on his quest , fails the trials completely but is rewarded anyway with the hand of his ideal female companion Papagena ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "1988", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grand Théâtre de Genève", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grand_Théâtre_de_Genève", "summary": "Grand Théâtre de Genève is an opera house in Geneva , Switzerland . As with many other opera houses , the Grand Théâtre de Genève is both a venue and an institution . The venue is a majestic building , towering over Place Neuve , officially opened in 1876 , partly destroyed by fire in 1951 and reopened in 1962 , after extensive refurbishments , which houses the largest stage in Switzerland . As an institution , it is the largest production and host theatre in French-speaking Switzerland , featuring opera and dance performances , recitals , concerts and , occasionally , theatre . During the 17th and early 18th centuries , Geneva was heavily influenced by Calvinist orthodoxy and it was not until the middle 1760s that the city agreed to the building of the Théâtre de Rosimond , Geneva 's first opera house . Under the influence of Voltaire opera began to flourish at La Grange aux Etrangers and its successor theatre , the Théâtre de Neuve , both of which were located outside the walls of the city ." } ] }, { "value": "Le Nozze di Figaro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Marriage_of_Figaro", "summary": "The Marriage of Figaro ( Italian : Le nozze di Figaro , pronounced [ le ˈnɔttse di ˈfiːɡaro ] ( listen ) ) , K. 492 , is an opera buffa ( comic opera ) in four acts composed in 1786 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart , with an Italian libretto written by Lorenzo Da Ponte . It premiered at the Burgtheater in Vienna on 1 May 1786 . The opera 's libretto is based on a stage comedy by Pierre Beaumarchais , La folle journée , ou le Mariage de Figaro ( The Mad Day , or The Marriage of Figaro ) , which was first performed in 1784 . It tells how the servants Figaro and Susanna succeed in getting married , foiling the efforts of their philandering employer Count Almaviva to seduce Susanna and teaching him a lesson in fidelity . The opera is a cornerstone of the repertoire and appears consistently among the top ten in the Operabase list of most frequently performed operas ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "1989", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glyndebourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glyndebourne", "summary": "Glyndebourne ( /ˈɡlaɪndbɔːn/ ) is an English country house , the site of an opera house that , since 1934 , has been the venue for the annual Glyndebourne Festival Opera . Initially , operas were presented within the house but there is now a free-standing opera house in its grounds . The house itself , located near Lewes in East Sussex , England , is thought to be about six hundred years old and listed at grade II ." } ] }, { "value": "La clemenza di Tito", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_clemenza_di_Tito", "summary": "La clemenza di Tito ( English : The Clemency of Titus ) , K. 621 , is an opera seria in two acts composed by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart to an Italian libretto by Caterino Mazzolà , after Pietro Metastasio . It was started after the bulk of Die Zauberflöte ( The Magic Flute ) , the last opera that Mozart worked on , was already written . The work premiered on 6 September 1791 at the Estates Theatre in Prague ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [] }, { "value": "English National Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/English_National_Opera", "summary": "English National Opera ( ENO ) is an opera company based in London , resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin 's Lane . It is one of the two principal opera companies in London , along with The Royal Opera , Covent Garden . ENO 's productions are sung in English . The company 's origins were in the late 19th century , when the philanthropist Emma Cons , later assisted by her niece Lilian Baylis , presented theatrical and operatic performances at the Old Vic , for the benefit of local people . Baylis subsequently built up both the opera and the theatre companies , and later added a ballet company ; these evolved into ENO , the Royal National Theatre and The Royal Ballet , respectively . Baylis acquired and rebuilt the Sadler 's Wells theatre in north London , a larger house , better suited to opera than the Old Vic . The opera company grew there into a permanent ensemble in the 1930s . During the Second World War , the theatre was closed and the company toured British towns and cities . After the war , the company returned to its home , but it continued to expand and improve . By the 1960s , a larger theatre was needed . In 1968 , the company moved to the London Coliseum and adopted its present name in 1974 . Among the conductors associated with the company have been Colin Davis , Reginald Goodall , Charles Mackerras , Mark Elder and Edward Gardner ." } ] }, { "value": "The Force of Destiny", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_forza_del_destino", "summary": "La forza del destino ( Italian pronunciation : [ la ˈfɔrtsa del deˈstiːno ] ; The Power of Fate , often translated The Force of Destiny ) is an Italian opera by Giuseppe Verdi . The libretto was written by Francesco Maria Piave based on a Spanish drama , Don Álvaro o la fuerza del sino ( 1835 ) , by Ángel de Saavedra , 3rd Duke of Rivas , with a scene adapted from Friedrich Schiller 's Wallensteins Lager . It was first performed in the Bolshoi Kamenny Theatre of Saint Petersburg , Russia , on 10 November 1862 O.S . ( N.S . 22 November ) . La forza del destino is frequently performed , and there have been a number of complete recordings . In addition , the overture ( to the revised version of the opera ) is part of the standard repertoire for orchestras , often played as the opening piece at concerts ." } ] }, { "value": "Verdi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi", "summary": "Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( Italian : [ dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi ] ; 9 or 10 October 1813 - 27 January 1901 ) was an Italian opera composer . He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means , and developed a musical education with the help of a local patron . Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Vincenzo Bellini , Gaetano Donizetti , and Gioachino Rossini , whose works significantly influenced him . In his early operas , Verdi demonstrated a sympathy with the Risorgimento movement which sought the unification of Italy . He also participated briefly as an elected politician . The chorus Va , pensiero from his early opera Nabucco ( 1842 ) , and similar choruses in later operas , were much in the spirit of the unification movement , and the composer himself became esteemed as a representative of these ideals . An intensely private person , Verdi , however , did not seek to ingratiate himself with popular movements and as he became professionally successful was able to reduce his operatic workload and sought to establish himself as a landowner in his native region . He surprised the musical world by returning , after his success with the opera Aida ( 1871 ) , with three late masterpieces : his Requiem ( 1874 ) , and the operas Otello ( 1887 ) and Falstaff ( 1893 ) . His operas remain extremely popular , especially the three peaks of his 'middle period ' : Rigoletto , Il trovatore and La traviata , and the 2013 bicentenary of his birth was widely celebrated in broadcasts and performances ." } ] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bavarian State Opera , Munich", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bavarian_State_Opera", "summary": "The Bavarian State Opera ( German : Bayerische Staatsoper ) is an opera company based in Munich , Germany . Its orchestra is the Bavarian State Orchestra . The company 's home base is the National Theatre Munich ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Giovanni", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Giovanni", "summary": "Don Giovanni ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˌdɔn dʒoˈvanni ] ; K. 527 ; complete title : Il dissoluto punito , ossia il Don Giovanni , literally The Rake Punished , namely Don Giovanni or The Libertine Punished ) is an opera in two acts with music by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Italian libretto by Lorenzo Da Ponte . It is based on the legends of Don Juan , a fictional libertine and seducer , by Spanish writer Tirso de Molina . It was premiered by the Prague Italian opera at the National Theater ( of Bohemia ) , now called the Estates Theatre , on 29 October 1787 . Da Ponte 's libretto was billed as a dramma giocoso , a common designation of its time that denotes a mixing of serious and comic action . Mozart entered the work into his catalogue as an opera buffa . Although sometimes classified as comic , it blends comedy , melodrama and supernatural elements . Don Giovanni is generally regarded as one of Mozarts supreme achievements and one of the greatest operas of all time , and it has proved a fruitful subject for writers and philosophers . A staple of the standard operatic repertoire , it is ninth on the Operabase list of the most-performed operas of the 2018-19 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Théâtre du Châtelet , Paris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Théâtre_du_Châtelet", "summary": "The Théâtre du Châtelet ( French pronunciation : ​ [ teɑtʁ dy ʃɑtlɛ ] ) is a theatre and opera house , located in the place du Châtelet in the 1st arrondissement of Paris , France . One of two theatres ( the other being the Théâtre de la Ville ) built on the site of a châtelet , a small castle or fortress , it was designed by Gabriel Davioud at the request of Baron Haussmann between 1860 and 1862 . Originally named the Théâtre Impérial du Châtelet , it has undergone remodeling and name changes over the years . Currently it seats 2,500 people ." } ] }, { "value": "The Cunning Little Vixen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Cunning_Little_Vixen", "summary": "The Cunning Little Vixen ( Czech : Příhody lišky Bystroušky ; alternative English title : Tales of Vixen Sharp-Ears ) is a Czech-language opera by Leoš Janáček , composed in 1921 to 1923 . Its libretto was adapted by the composer from a 1920 serialized novella , Liška Bystrouška , by Rudolf Těsnohlídek , which was first published in the newspaper Lidové noviny ( with illustrations by Stanislav Lolek ) . The opera incorporates Moravian folk music and rhythms as it recounts the life of a clever ( alternative reading : sharp-eared ) fox and accompanying wildlife , as well as a few humans , and their small adventures while traversing their lifecycles . Described as a comic opera , it has nonetheless been noted to contain a serious theme . Interpretations of the work remain varied , ranging from children 's entertainment to a tragedy ." } ] }, { "value": "Janáček", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leoš_Janáček", "summary": "Leoš Janáček ( Czech pronunciation : [ ˈlɛoʃ ˈjanaːtʃɛk ] ( listen ) , baptised Leo Eugen Janáček ; 3 July 1854 - 12 August 1928 ) was a Czech composer , musical theorist , folklorist , publicist and teacher . He was inspired by Moravian and other Slavic folk music to create an original , modern musical style . Until 1895 he devoted himself mainly to folkloristic research . While his early musical output was influenced by contemporaries such as Antonín Dvořák , his later , mature works incorporate his earlier studies of national folk music in a modern , highly original synthesis , first evident in the opera Jenůfa , which was premiered in 1904 in Brno . The success of Jenůfa ( often called the Moravian national opera ) at Prague in 1916 gave Janáček access to the world 's great opera stages . Janáček 's later works are his most celebrated . They include operas such as Káťa Kabanová and The Cunning Little Vixen , the Sinfonietta , the Glagolitic Mass , the rhapsody Taras Bulba , two string quartets , and other chamber works . Along with Antonín Dvořák and Bedřich Smetana , he is considered one of the most important Czech composers ." } ] }, { "value": "1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "English National Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/English_National_Opera", "summary": "English National Opera ( ENO ) is an opera company based in London , resident at the London Coliseum in St Martin 's Lane . It is one of the two principal opera companies in London , along with The Royal Opera , Covent Garden . ENO 's productions are sung in English . The company 's origins were in the late 19th century , when the philanthropist Emma Cons , later assisted by her niece Lilian Baylis , presented theatrical and operatic performances at the Old Vic , for the benefit of local people . Baylis subsequently built up both the opera and the theatre companies , and later added a ballet company ; these evolved into ENO , the Royal National Theatre and The Royal Ballet , respectively . Baylis acquired and rebuilt the Sadler 's Wells theatre in north London , a larger house , better suited to opera than the Old Vic . The opera company grew there into a permanent ensemble in the 1930s . During the Second World War , the theatre was closed and the company toured British towns and cities . After the war , the company returned to its home , but it continued to expand and improve . By the 1960s , a larger theatre was needed . In 1968 , the company moved to the London Coliseum and adopted its present name in 1974 . Among the conductors associated with the company have been Colin Davis , Reginald Goodall , Charles Mackerras , Mark Elder and Edward Gardner ." } ] }, { "value": "Xerxes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Serse", "summary": "Serse ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈsɛrse ] ; English title : Xerxes ; HWV 40 ) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel . It was first performed in London on 15 April 1738 . The Italian libretto was adapted by an unknown hand from that by Silvio Stampiglia for an earlier opera of the same name by Giovanni Bononcini in 1694 . Stampiglia 's libretto was itself based on one by Nicolò Minato that was set by Francesco Cavalli in 1654 . The opera is set in Persia ( modern-day Iran ) about 470 BC and is very loosely based upon Xerxes I of Persia . Serse , originally sung by a mezzo soprano castrato , is now usually performed by a mezzo-soprano or counter-tenor . The opening aria , Ombra mai fu , sung by Xerxes to a plane tree ( Platanus orientalis ) , is set to one of Handel 's best-known melodies , and is often known as Handel 's Largo ( despite being marked larghetto in the score ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Handel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel", "summary": "George Frideric ( or Frederick ) Handel ( /ˈhændəl/ ; [ a ] born Georg Friederich Händel [ b ] [ ˈɡeːɔʁk ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈhɛndl̩ ] ( listen ) ; 23 February 1685 ( O.S . ) [ ( N.S . ) 5 March ] - 14 April 1759 ) [ c ] was a German , later British , Baroque composer who spent the bulk of his career in London , becoming well known for his operas , oratorios , anthems , concerti grossi and organ concertos . Handel received important training in Halle and worked as a composer in Hamburg and Italy before settling in London in 1712 ; he became a naturalised British subject in 1727 . He was strongly influenced both by the great composers of the Italian Baroque and by the middle-German polyphonic choral tradition . Within fifteen years , Handel had started three commercial opera companies to supply the English nobility with Italian opera . Musicologist Winton Dean writes that his operas show that Handel was not only a great composer ; he was a dramatic genius of the first order . As Alexander 's Feast ( 1736 ) was well received , Handel made a transition to English choral works . After his success with Messiah ( 1742 ) he never composed an Italian opera again . Almost blind , and having lived in England for nearly fifty years , he died in 1759 , a respected and rich man . His funeral was given full state honours , and he was buried in Westminster Abbey in London . Born the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach and Domenico Scarlatti , Handel is regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Baroque era , with works such as Messiah , Water Music , and Music for the Royal Fireworks remaining steadfastly popular ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glyndebourne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glyndebourne", "summary": "Glyndebourne ( /ˈɡlaɪndbɔːn/ ) is an English country house , the site of an opera house that , since 1934 , has been the venue for the annual Glyndebourne Festival Opera . Initially , operas were presented within the house but there is now a free-standing opera house in its grounds . The house itself , located near Lewes in East Sussex , England , is thought to be about six hundred years old and listed at grade II ." } ] }, { "value": "Così fan tutte", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Così_fan_tutte", "summary": "Così fan tutte , ossia La scuola degli amanti ( Italian : [ koˈsi ffan ˈtutte osˈsiːa la ˈskwɔːla deʎʎ aˈmanti , koˈzi - ] ; All Women Do It , or The School for Lovers ) , K. 588 , is an Italian-language opera buffa in two acts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart first performed on 26 January 1790 at the Burgtheater in Vienna , Austria . The libretto was written by Lorenzo Da Ponte who also wrote Le nozze di Figaro and Don Giovanni . Although it is commonly held that Così fan tutte was written and composed at the suggestion of the Emperor Joseph II , recent research does not support this idea . There is evidence that Mozart 's contemporary Antonio Salieri tried to set the libretto but left it unfinished . In 1994 , John Rice uncovered two terzetti by Salieri in the Austrian National Library . The short title , Così fan tutte , literally means So do they all , using the feminine plural ( tutte ) to indicate women . It is usually translated into English as Women are like that . The words are sung by the three men in act 2 , scene 3 , just before the finale ; this melodic phrase is also quoted in the overture to the opera . Da Ponte had used the line Così fan tutte le belle earlier in Le nozze di Figaro ( in act 1 , scene 7 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Mozart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart", "summary": "Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart [ a ] ( 27 January 1756 - 5 December 1791 ) , baptised as Johannes Chrysostomus Wolfgangus Theophilus Mozart , [ b ] was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period . Born in Salzburg , Mozart showed prodigious ability from his earliest childhood . Already competent on keyboard and violin , he composed from the age of five and performed before European royalty . At 17 , Mozart was engaged as a musician at the Salzburg court but grew restless and travelled in search of a better position . While visiting Vienna in 1781 , he was dismissed from his Salzburg position . He chose to stay in the capital , where he achieved fame but little financial security . During his final years in Vienna , he composed many of his best-known symphonies , concertos , and operas , and portions of the Requiem , which was largely unfinished at the time of his early death at the age of 35 . The circumstances of his death have been much mythologized . He composed more than 600 works , many of which are acknowledged as pinnacles of symphonic , concertante , chamber , operatic , and choral music . He is among the greatest and most enduringly popular of classical composers , and his influence is profound on subsequent Western art music . Ludwig van Beethoven composed his early works in the shadow of Mozart , and Joseph Haydn wrote : posterity will not see such a talent again in 100 years ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Royal Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Opera_House", "summary": "The Royal Opera House ( ROH ) is an opera house and major performing arts venue in Covent Garden , central London . The large building is often referred to as simply Covent Garden , after a previous use of the site of the opera house 's original construction in 1732 . It is the home of The Royal Opera , The Royal Ballet , and the Orchestra of the Royal Opera House . Originally called the Theatre Royal , it served primarily as a playhouse for the first hundred years of its history . In 1734 , the first ballet was presented . A year later , Handel 's first season of operas began . Many of his operas and oratorios were specifically written for Covent Garden and had their premieres there . The current building is the third theatre on the site following disastrous fires in 1808 and 1856 . The façade , foyer , and auditorium date from 1858 , but almost every other element of the present complex dates from an extensive reconstruction in the 1990s . The main auditorium seats 2,256 people , making it the third largest in London , and consists of four tiers of boxes and balconies and the amphitheatre gallery . The proscenium is 12.20 m wide and 14.80 m high . The main auditorium is a Grade I listed building ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Carlo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Carlos", "summary": "Don Carlos is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle , based on the dramatic play Don Carlos , Infant von Spanien ( Don Carlos , Infante of Spain ) by Friedrich Schiller . In addition , it has been noted by David Kimball that the Fontainebleau scene and auto-da-fé were the most substantial of several incidents borrowed from a contemporary play on Philip II by Eugène Cormon . The opera is most often performed in Italian translation , usually under the title Don Carlo . The opera 's story is based on conflicts in the life of Carlos , Prince of Asturias ( 1545-1568 ) . Though he was betrothed to Elisabeth of Valois , part of the peace treaty ending the Italian War of 1551-59 between the Houses of Habsburg and Valois demanded that she be married instead to his father Philip II of Spain . It was commissioned and produced by the Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra ( Paris Opera ) and given its premiere at the Salle Le Peletier on 11 March 1867 . The first performance in Italian was given at Covent Garden in London in June 1867 . The first Italian version given in Italy was in Bologna in October 1867 . Revised again by Verdi , it was given in Naples in November/December 1872 . Finally , two other versions were prepared : the first was seen in Milan in January 1884 ( in which the four acts were based on some original French text which was then translated ) . That is now known as the Milan version , while the second - also sanctioned by the composer - became the Modena version and was presented in that city in December 1886 . It restored the Fontainebleau first act to the Milan four-act version ." } ] }, { "value": "Verdi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi", "summary": "Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( Italian : [ dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi ] ; 9 or 10 October 1813 - 27 January 1901 ) was an Italian opera composer . He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means , and developed a musical education with the help of a local patron . Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Vincenzo Bellini , Gaetano Donizetti , and Gioachino Rossini , whose works significantly influenced him . In his early operas , Verdi demonstrated a sympathy with the Risorgimento movement which sought the unification of Italy . He also participated briefly as an elected politician . The chorus Va , pensiero from his early opera Nabucco ( 1842 ) , and similar choruses in later operas , were much in the spirit of the unification movement , and the composer himself became esteemed as a representative of these ideals . An intensely private person , Verdi , however , did not seek to ingratiate himself with popular movements and as he became professionally successful was able to reduce his operatic workload and sought to establish himself as a landowner in his native region . He surprised the musical world by returning , after his success with the opera Aida ( 1871 ) , with three late masterpieces : his Requiem ( 1874 ) , and the operas Otello ( 1887 ) and Falstaff ( 1893 ) . His operas remain extremely popular , especially the three peaks of his 'middle period ' : Rigoletto , Il trovatore and La traviata , and the 2013 bicentenary of his birth was widely celebrated in broadcasts and performances ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Metropolitan Opera", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera", "summary": "The Metropolitan Opera ( commonly known as The Met ) is an opera company based in New York City , resident at the Metropolitan Opera House at the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts . The company is operated by the non-profit Metropolitan Opera Association , with Peter Gelb as general manager . As of 2018 , the company 's current music director is Yannick Nézet-Séguin . The Met was founded in 1883 as an alternative to the previously established Academy of Music opera house , and debuted the same year in a new building on 39th and Broadway ( now known as the Old Met ) . It moved to the new Lincoln Center location in 1966 . The Metropolitan Opera is the largest classical music organization in North America . It presents about 27 different operas each year from late September through May . The operas are presented in a rotating repertory schedule , with up to seven performances of four different works staged each week . Performances are given in the evening Monday through Saturday with a matinée on Saturday . Several operas are presented in new productions each season . Sometimes these are borrowed from or shared with other opera companies . The rest of the year 's operas are given in revivals of productions from previous seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Don Carlo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Don_Carlos", "summary": "Don Carlos is a five-act grand opera composed by Giuseppe Verdi to a French-language libretto by Joseph Méry and Camille du Locle , based on the dramatic play Don Carlos , Infant von Spanien ( Don Carlos , Infante of Spain ) by Friedrich Schiller . In addition , it has been noted by David Kimball that the Fontainebleau scene and auto-da-fé were the most substantial of several incidents borrowed from a contemporary play on Philip II by Eugène Cormon . The opera is most often performed in Italian translation , usually under the title Don Carlo . The opera 's story is based on conflicts in the life of Carlos , Prince of Asturias ( 1545-1568 ) . Though he was betrothed to Elisabeth of Valois , part of the peace treaty ending the Italian War of 1551-59 between the Houses of Habsburg and Valois demanded that she be married instead to his father Philip II of Spain . It was commissioned and produced by the Théâtre Impérial de l'Opéra ( Paris Opera ) and given its premiere at the Salle Le Peletier on 11 March 1867 . The first performance in Italian was given at Covent Garden in London in June 1867 . The first Italian version given in Italy was in Bologna in October 1867 . Revised again by Verdi , it was given in Naples in November/December 1872 . Finally , two other versions were prepared : the first was seen in Milan in January 1884 ( in which the four acts were based on some original French text which was then translated ) . That is now known as the Milan version , while the second - also sanctioned by the composer - became the Modena version and was presented in that city in December 1886 . It restored the Fontainebleau first act to the Milan four-act version ." } ] }, { "value": "Verdi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giuseppe_Verdi", "summary": "Giuseppe Fortunino Francesco Verdi ( Italian : [ dʒuˈzɛppe ˈverdi ] ; 9 or 10 October 1813 - 27 January 1901 ) was an Italian opera composer . He was born near Busseto to a provincial family of moderate means , and developed a musical education with the help of a local patron . Verdi came to dominate the Italian opera scene after the era of Vincenzo Bellini , Gaetano Donizetti , and Gioachino Rossini , whose works significantly influenced him . In his early operas , Verdi demonstrated a sympathy with the Risorgimento movement which sought the unification of Italy . He also participated briefly as an elected politician . The chorus Va , pensiero from his early opera Nabucco ( 1842 ) , and similar choruses in later operas , were much in the spirit of the unification movement , and the composer himself became esteemed as a representative of these ideals . An intensely private person , Verdi , however , did not seek to ingratiate himself with popular movements and as he became professionally successful was able to reduce his operatic workload and sought to establish himself as a landowner in his native region . He surprised the musical world by returning , after his success with the opera Aida ( 1871 ) , with three late masterpieces : his Requiem ( 1874 ) , and the operas Otello ( 1887 ) and Falstaff ( 1893 ) . His operas remain extremely popular , especially the three peaks of his 'middle period ' : Rigoletto , Il trovatore and La traviata , and the 2013 bicentenary of his birth was widely celebrated in broadcasts and performances ." } ] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Work -- Opera productions", "section_text": "", "uid": "Nicholas_Hytner_1", "intro": "Sir Nicholas Robert Hytner (born 7 May 1956) is an English theatre director, film director, and film producer. He was previously the Artistic Director of London's National Theatre. His major successes as director include Miss Saigon, The History Boys and One Man, Two Guvnors." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_World_War_II", "title": "List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II", "header": [ "Name", "Service", "Rank", "Place of action", "Date of action" ], "data": [ { "value": "James D. La Belle †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_D._La_Belle", "summary": "Private First Class James Dennis La Belle ( November 22 , 1925 - March 8 , 1945 ) enlisted in the United States Marine Corps Reserve on November 18 , 1943 . Fifteen months later , in his first and last battle , he heroically sacrificed his life at Iwo Jima and was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor , the highest military honor awarded by the United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Marine Corps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "summary": "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "Private First Class", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Private_First_Class", "summary": "Private First Class ( PFC ) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in some countries ' armed forces ." } ] }, { "value": "Iwo Jima , Volcano Islands", "urls": [] }, { "value": "March 8 , 1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salvador J. Lara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salvador_J._Lara", "summary": "Salvador J. Lara ( July 11 , 1920 - September 1 , 1945 ) was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II and recipient of the Medal of Honor . He was of Mexican American descent ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Staff Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Staff_Sergeant", "summary": "Staff sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in the armed forces of several countries . It is also a police rank in some police services ." } ] }, { "value": "Aprilia , Italy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 27 , 1944 - May 28 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William R. Lawley , Jr", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_R._Lawley,_Jr.", "summary": "William Robert Bill Lawley Jr. ( August 23 , 1920 - May 29 , 1999 ) was a United States Army Air Forces officer and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Air Forces", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces", "summary": "The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF or AAF ) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army , and de facto aerial warfare service branch of the United States , during and immediately after World War II ( 1939/41-1945 ) , successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps , and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today , one of the five uniformed military services . The AAF was a component of the United States Army , which on 2 March 1942 was divided functionally by executive order into three autonomous forces : the Army Ground Forces , the Services of Supply ( which in 1943 became the Army Service Forces ) , and the Army Air Forces . Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff . The AAF administered all parts of military aviation formerly distributed among the Air Corps , General Headquarters Air Force , and the ground forces ' corps area commanders , and thus became the first air organization of the U.S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel . The peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944 , and 783 domestic bases in December 1943 . By V-E Day , the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas and operated from more than 1,600 airfields worldwide . The Army Air Forces was created in June 1941 to provide the air arm a greater autonomy in which to expand more efficiently , to provide a structure for the additional command echelons required by a vastly increased force , and to end an increasingly divisive administrative battle within the Army over control of aviation doctrine and organization that had been ongoing since the creation of an aviation section within the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1914 . The AAF succeeded both the Air Corps , which had been the statutory military aviation branch since 1926 , and the GHQ Air Force , which had been activated in 1935 to quiet the demands of airmen for an independent Air Force similar to the Royal Air Force which had already been established in the United Kingdom . Although other nations already had separate air forces independent of their army or navy ( such as the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe ) , the AAF remained a part of the Army until a defense reorganization in the post-war period resulted in the passage by the United States Congress of the National Security Act of 1947 with the creation of an independent United States Air Force in September 1947 . In its expansion and conduct of the war , the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization . By the end of World War II , the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service . By regulation and executive order , it was a subordinate agency of the United States Department of War ( as were the Army Ground Forces and the Army Service Forces ) tasked only with organizing , training , and equipping combat units , and limited in responsibility to the continental United States ." } ] }, { "value": "First Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Lieutenant", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "over Europe", "urls": [] }, { "value": "February 20 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Robert E. Laws", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Robert_E._Laws", "summary": "Robert Earl Laws ( January 18 , 1921 - January 1 , 1990 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Staff Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Staff_Sergeant", "summary": "Staff sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in the armed forces of several countries . It is also a police rank in some police services ." } ] }, { "value": "Pangasinan Province , Luzon , Philippines", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 12 , 1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Daniel W. Lee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Daniel_W._Lee", "summary": "Daniel Warnel Lee , Sr. ( June 23 , 1919 - January 22 , 1985 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Second Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_lieutenant", "summary": "Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces , comparable to NATO OF-1a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "Montreval , France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "September 2 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John H. Leims", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_H._Leims", "summary": "Captain John Harold Leims ( June 8 , 1921 - June 28 , 1985 ) was a Marine who earned the Medal of Honor as a second lieutenant on Iwo Jima for his heroic actions on March 7 , 1945 ." } ] }, { "value": "Marine Corps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "summary": "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "Second Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Second_lieutenant", "summary": "Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces , comparable to NATO OF-1a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "Iwo Jima , Volcano Islands", "urls": [] }, { "value": "March 7 , 1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Turney W. Leonard †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Turney_W._Leonard", "summary": "Turney White Leonard ( June 18 , 1921 - November 6 , 1944 ) was a United States Army officer who received the U.S. military 's highest award , the Medal of Honor , for his actions in World War II ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "First Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Lieutenant", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "Kommerscheidt , Germany", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 4 , 1944 - November 6 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William F. Leonard", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_F._Leonard", "summary": "William F. Leonard ( August 9 , 1913 - August 4 , 1985 ) was a U.S. Army veteran of World War II and a recipient of the Medal of Honor . Born in Lockport , New York , Leonard would enter the United States Army from Portland , Maine , on November 17 , 1942 . President Barack Obama posthumously awarded him the Medal of Honor in a March 18 , 2014 , ceremony in the White House . The award resulted from a Defense Authorization Act which directed a review of all Jewish American and Hispanic American veterans from World War II , the Korean War and the Vietnam War who had been awarded lower-precedence valor awards to ensure that no prejudice was shown to those deserving the Medal of Honor . In Leonard 's case , he had originally been awarded the Distinguished Service Cross , the United States ' second-highest decoration for combat valor ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Staff Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Staff_Sergeant", "summary": "Staff sergeant is a rank of non-commissioned officer used in the armed forces of several countries . It is also a police rank in some police services ." } ] }, { "value": "Near St . Die , France", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 7 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fred F. Lester †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fred_Faulkner_Lester", "summary": "Fred Faulkner Lester ( April 29 , 1926 - June 8 , 1945 ) was a United States Navy hospital corpsman who was killed in action during World War II while assigned to a Marine Corps rifle company . He was posthumously awarded the nation 's highest military decoration for valor , the Medal of Honor , for heroic actions above and beyond the call of duty on June 8 , 1945 , during the Battle of Okinawa . Lester was buried at Clarendon Hills Cemetery in Darien , Illinois . The destroyer escort USS Lester ( DE-1022 ) was named in his honor , as was Camp Lester , a Marine Corps installation , at Chatan , Okinawa , Japan , the former site of U.S . Naval Hospital Okinawa ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Navy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Navy", "summary": "The United States Navy ( USN ) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . It is the largest and most capable navy in the world and it has been estimated that in terms of tonnage of its active battle fleet alone , it is larger than the next 13 navies combined , which includes 11 U.S. allies or partner nations . It has the highest combined battle fleet tonnage and the world 's largest aircraft carrier fleet , with eleven in service , two new carriers under construction , and five other carriers planned . With 336,978 personnel on active duty and 101,583 in the Ready Reserve , the U.S. Navy is the third largest of the U.S. military service branches in terms of personnel . It has 290 deployable combat vessels and more than 3,700 operational aircraft as of June 2019 [ update ] , making it the third-largest air force in the world , after the United States Air Force and the United States Army . The U.S. Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy , which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was effectively disbanded as a separate entity shortly thereafter . After suffering significant loss of goods and personnel at the hands of the Barbary pirates from Algiers , the U.S. Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 for the construction of six heavy frigates , the first ships of the U.S. Navy . The U.S. Navy played a major role in the American Civil War by blockading the Confederacy and seizing control of its rivers . It played the central role in the World War II defeat of Imperial Japan . The U.S. Navy emerged from World War II as the most powerful navy in the world . The 21st century U.S. Navy maintains a sizable global presence , deploying in strength in such areas as the Western Pacific , the Mediterranean , and the Indian Ocean . It is a blue-water navy with the ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world , engage in forward deployments during peacetime and rapidly respond to regional crises , making it a frequent actor in U.S. foreign and military policy ." } ] }, { "value": "Hospital Apprentice First class", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hospitalman", "summary": "A hospital corpsman ( HM /ˈkɔːrmən/ [ or corpsman ] ) is an enlisted medical specialist of the United States Navy , who may also serve in a U.S. Marine Corps unit . The corresponding rating within the United States Coast Guard is health services technician ( HS ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Seaman_(rank)", "summary": "Seaman is a military rank used in many navies around the world . It is considered a junior enlisted rank and , depending on the navy , it may be a single rank on its own or a name shared by several similarly-junior ranks . In the Commonwealth , it is the lowest rank in the navy , while in the United States , it refers to the three lowest ranks of the U.S. Navy and U.S. Coast Guard . The equivalent of the seaman is the matelot in French-speaking countries , and Matrose in German-speaking countries ." } ] }, { "value": "Okinawa Shima , Ryukyu Chain", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 8 , 1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darrell R. Lindsey †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darrell_R._Lindsey", "summary": "Darrell Robins Lindsey ( December 30 , 1919 - August 9 , 1944 ) was a bomber pilot in the U.S. Army Air Forces during World War II and a posthumous recipient of the Medal of Honor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Air Forces", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces", "summary": "The United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF or AAF ) was the aerial warfare service component of the United States Army , and de facto aerial warfare service branch of the United States , during and immediately after World War II ( 1939/41-1945 ) , successor to the previous United States Army Air Corps , and the direct predecessor of the United States Air Force of today , one of the five uniformed military services . The AAF was a component of the United States Army , which on 2 March 1942 was divided functionally by executive order into three autonomous forces : the Army Ground Forces , the Services of Supply ( which in 1943 became the Army Service Forces ) , and the Army Air Forces . Each of these forces had a commanding general who reported directly to the Army Chief of Staff . The AAF administered all parts of military aviation formerly distributed among the Air Corps , General Headquarters Air Force , and the ground forces ' corps area commanders , and thus became the first air organization of the U.S. Army to control its own installations and support personnel . The peak size of the AAF during the Second World War was over 2.4 million men and women in service and nearly 80,000 aircraft by 1944 , and 783 domestic bases in December 1943 . By V-E Day , the Army Air Forces had 1.25 million men stationed overseas and operated from more than 1,600 airfields worldwide . The Army Air Forces was created in June 1941 to provide the air arm a greater autonomy in which to expand more efficiently , to provide a structure for the additional command echelons required by a vastly increased force , and to end an increasingly divisive administrative battle within the Army over control of aviation doctrine and organization that had been ongoing since the creation of an aviation section within the U.S. Army Signal Corps in 1914 . The AAF succeeded both the Air Corps , which had been the statutory military aviation branch since 1926 , and the GHQ Air Force , which had been activated in 1935 to quiet the demands of airmen for an independent Air Force similar to the Royal Air Force which had already been established in the United Kingdom . Although other nations already had separate air forces independent of their army or navy ( such as the British Royal Air Force and the German Luftwaffe ) , the AAF remained a part of the Army until a defense reorganization in the post-war period resulted in the passage by the United States Congress of the National Security Act of 1947 with the creation of an independent United States Air Force in September 1947 . In its expansion and conduct of the war , the AAF became more than just an arm of the greater organization . By the end of World War II , the Army Air Forces had become virtually an independent service . By regulation and executive order , it was a subordinate agency of the United States Department of War ( as were the Army Ground Forces and the Army Service Forces ) tasked only with organizing , training , and equipping combat units , and limited in responsibility to the continental United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Captain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Captain_(United_States_O-3)", "summary": "In the United States Army ( USA ) , U.S. Marine Corps ( USMC ) , and U.S. Air Force ( USAF ) , captain ( abbreviated CPT in the USA and Capt in the USMC and USAF ) is a company grade officer rank , with the pay grade of O-3 . It ranks above first lieutenant and below major . It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system . The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars , with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version ." } ] }, { "value": "L'Isle Adam railroad bridge over the Seine , France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "August 9 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jake W. Lindsey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jake_W._Lindsey", "summary": "Jake William Lindsey , Sr. , ( May 1 , 1921 - July 18 , 1988 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Technical Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technical_Sergeant", "summary": "Technical sergeant is the name of one current and two former enlisted ranks in the United States Armed Forces . [ citation needed ] Outside the United States , it is used only by the Philippine Army , Philippine Air Force and the Philippine Marine Corps ." } ] }, { "value": "near Hamich , Germany", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 16 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Floyd K. Lindstrom †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Floyd_K._Lindstrom", "summary": "Floyd K. Lindstrom ( June 21 , 1912 - February 3 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Private First Class", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Private_First_Class", "summary": "Private First Class ( PFC ) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in some countries ' armed forces ." } ] }, { "value": "near Mignano , Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "November 11 , 1943", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edgar H. Lloyd †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edgar_H._Lloyd", "summary": "Edgar Harold Lloyd ( February 28 , 1922 - November 16 , 1944 ) was a United States Army officer and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "First Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Lieutenant", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "near Pompey , France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "September 14 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Donald R. Lobaugh †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Donald_R._Lobaugh", "summary": "Donald Ronald Lobaugh ( February 7 , 1925 - July 22 , 1944 ) was a United States Army soldier and a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Private", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Private_(rank)", "summary": "A private is a soldier of the lowest military rank ( equivalent to NATO Rank Grades OR-1 to OR-3 depending on the force served in ) . In modern military writing , private is abridged to Pte in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth of Nations countries and to Pvt in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "near Afua , New Guinea", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 22 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "James M. Logan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_M._Logan", "summary": "James Marion Logan ( December 19 , 1920 - October 9 , 1999 ) was an American and former National Guard soldier who was a recipient of the United States military 's highest decoration - the Medal of Honor - for his actions in World War II . Logan joined the Texas National Guard from Luling , Texas in 1936 , at the age of 15 . By September 9 , 1943 he was serving as a Sergeant in the 142nd Infantry Regiment , 36th Infantry Division . On that day , he participated in the Allied landings near Salerno , Italy . Logan single-handedly captured a German machine gun emplacement and later killed an enemy sniper . For these actions , he was awarded the Medal of Honor ten months later , on July 5 , 1944 . Logan reached the rank of technical sergeant before leaving the Army in March and then National Guard in May 1945 . He was inducted to the Texas Military Hall of Honor in 1982 , and awarded the Texas Legislative Medal of Honor on May 30 , 1997 . He died at age 78 on October 9 , 1999 and was buried at the Texas State Cemetery in Austin , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergeant", "summary": "Sergeant ( /ˈsɑː ( r ) dʒənt/ SARJ-ənt ; abbreviated to Sgt . and capitalized when used as a named person 's title ) is a rank in many uniformed organizations , principally military and policing forces . The alternative spelling , serjeant , is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British Light Infantry . Its origin is the Latin serviens , 'one who serves ' , through the French term sergent . The term sergeant refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of a corporal and a police officer immediately below a lieutenant or , in the UK Police forces , below an inspector . In most armies the rank of sergeant corresponds to command of a squad ( or section ) . In Commonwealth armies , it is a more senior rank , corresponding roughly to a platoon second-in-command . In the United States Army , sergeant is a more junior rank corresponding to a four-soldier fireteam leader . More senior non-commissioned ranks are often variations on sergeant , for example staff sergeant , first sergeant , and sergeant major . Many countries use sergeant rank , whether in English or using a cognate with the same origin in another language . The equivalent rank in Arab armies is raqīb ( رقيب ) , meaning 'overseer ' or 'watcher ' ." } ] }, { "value": "near Salerno , Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "September 9 , 1943", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jose M. Lopez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jose_M._Lopez", "summary": "José Mendoza López ( July 10 , 1910 - May 16 , 2005 ) was a Mexican-born United States Army soldier who was awarded the United States ' highest military decoration for valor in combat - the Medal of Honor - for his heroic actions during the Battle of the Bulge , in which he single-handedly repulsed a German infantry attack , killing at least 100 enemy troops ." } ] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Sergeant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sergeant", "summary": "Sergeant ( /ˈsɑː ( r ) dʒənt/ SARJ-ənt ; abbreviated to Sgt . and capitalized when used as a named person 's title ) is a rank in many uniformed organizations , principally military and policing forces . The alternative spelling , serjeant , is used in The Rifles and other units that draw their heritage from the British Light Infantry . Its origin is the Latin serviens , 'one who serves ' , through the French term sergent . The term sergeant refers to a non-commissioned officer placed above the rank of a corporal and a police officer immediately below a lieutenant or , in the UK Police forces , below an inspector . In most armies the rank of sergeant corresponds to command of a squad ( or section ) . In Commonwealth armies , it is a more senior rank , corresponding roughly to a platoon second-in-command . In the United States Army , sergeant is a more junior rank corresponding to a four-soldier fireteam leader . More senior non-commissioned ranks are often variations on sergeant , for example staff sergeant , first sergeant , and sergeant major . Many countries use sergeant rank , whether in English or using a cognate with the same origin in another language . The equivalent rank in Arab armies is raqīb ( رقيب ) , meaning 'overseer ' or 'watcher ' ." } ] }, { "value": "near Krinkelt , Belgium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "December 17 , 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jacklyn H. Lucas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacklyn_H._Lucas", "summary": "Jacklyn Harrell Jack Lucas ( February 14 , 1928 - June 5 , 2008 ) was an American Marine in World War II who was awarded the Medal of Honor at the age of 17 years as a private first class in the Marine Corps during the Battle of Iwo Jima . During a close firefight in two trenches between Lucas and three Marines with 11 Japanese soldiers , Lucas saved the lives of the other three Marines from two enemy hand grenades that were thrown into their trench by unhesitatingly placing himself on one grenade , while in the next instant pulling the other grenade under him . The grenade he covered with his body exploded , and wounded him severely ; the other grenade did not explode . He is the youngest Marine and the youngest serviceman in World War II to be awarded the United States ' highest military decoration for valor . He later reenlisted in the United States Army and reached the rank of captain ." } ] }, { "value": "Marine Corps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "summary": "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "Private First Class", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Private_First_Class", "summary": "Private First Class ( PFC ) is a military rank held by junior enlisted personnel in some countries ' armed forces ." } ] }, { "value": "Iwo Jima , Volcano Islands", "urls": [] }, { "value": "February 20 , 1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Lummus †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jack_Lummus", "summary": "Andrew Jackson Lummus Jr. ( October 22 , 1915 - March 8 , 1945 ) was a two-sport athlete at Baylor University , a professional football player with the New York Giants , and an officer in the United States Marine Corps . He fought , and died , at the Battle of Iwo Jima during World War II and received the Medal of Honor for his valor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Killed_in_action", "summary": "Killed in action ( KIA ) is a casualty classification generally used by militaries to describe the deaths of their own combatants at the hands of hostile forces . The United States Department of Defense , for example , says that those declared KIA need not have fired their weapons but have been killed due to hostile attack . KIAs include those killed by friendly fire in the midst of combat , but not from incidents such as accidental vehicle crashes , murder and other non-hostile events or terrorism . KIA can be applied both to front-line combat troops and to naval , air and support troops . Someone who is killed in action during a particular event is denoted with a † ( dagger ) beside their name to signify their death in that event or events . [ citation needed ] Further , KIA denotes a person to have been killed in action on the battlefield whereas died of wounds ( DOW ) relates to someone who survived to reach a medical treatment facility . The North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) also uses DWRIA , rather than DOW , for died of wounds received in action . However , historically , militaries and historians have used the former acronym . [ citation needed ] PKIA means presumed killed in action . This term is used when personnel are lost in battle , initially listed missing in action ( MIA ) , but after not being found , are later presumed to have not survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Marine Corps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps", "summary": "The United States Marine Corps ( USMC ) , also referred to as the United States Marines , is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations with the United States Navy as well as the Army and Air Force . The U.S. Marine Corps is one of the eight uniformed services of the United States . The Marine Corps has been a component of the U.S. Department of the Navy since 30 June 1834 , working closely with naval forces . The USMC operates installations on land and aboard sea-going amphibious warfare ships around the world . Additionally , several of the Marines ' tactical aviation squadrons , primarily Marine Fighter Attack squadrons , are also embedded in Navy carrier air wings and operate from the aircraft carriers . The history of the Marine Corps began when two battalions of Continental Marines were formed on 10 November 1775 in Philadelphia as a service branch of infantry troops capable of fighting both at sea and on shore . In the Pacific theater of World War II the Corps took the lead in a massive campaign of amphibious warfare , advancing from island to island . As of 2017 , the USMC has around 186,000 active duty members and some 38,500 personnel in reserve ." } ] }, { "value": "First Lieutenant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Lieutenant", "summary": "First lieutenant is a commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces and , in some forces , an appointment . The rank of lieutenant has different meanings in different military formations ( see comparative military ranks ) , but the majority of cases it is common for it to be sub-divided into a senior ( first lieutenant ) and junior ( second lieutenant ) rank . The NATO equivalent rank for land force officers is OF-1 rank . In navies , while certain rank insignia may carry the name : lieutenant , the term may also be used to relate to a particular post or duty , rather than a rank ." } ] }, { "value": "Iwo Jima , Volcano Islands", "urls": [] }, { "value": "March 8 , 1945", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "L", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Medal_of_Honor_recipients_for_World_War_II_10", "intro": "This is a list of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II. The Medal of Honor was created during the American Civil War and is the highest military decoration presented by the United States government to a member of its armed forces. The recipient must have distinguished themselves at the risk of their own life above and beyond the call of duty in action against an enemy of the United States or an opposing foreign force. Due to the nature of this medal, it is commonly presented posthumously. World War II, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict, the joining of what had initially been two separate conflicts. The first began in Asia in 1937 as the Second Sino-Japanese War; the other began in Europe in 1939 with the German and Soviet invasion of Poland. This global conflict split the majority of the world's nations into two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. The United States was drawn into World War II on December 8, 1941, a day after the Axis-member Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Honolulu that killed almost 2,500 people in what was considered the biggest peacetime loss on American soil inflicted by foreign people at that time. For actions during World War II, 472 United States military personnel received the Medal of Honor. Seventeen of these were Japanese-Americans fighting in both Europe and the Pacific, many of which were upgraded from Distinguished Service Crosses during the Clinton administration. Additionally, Douglas Albert Munro was the only serviceman from the United States Coast Guard in United States military history to receive the Medal for his actions during the war. The earliest action for which a U.S. serviceman earned a World War II Medal of Honor was the attack on Pearl Harbor, for which 17 U.S. servicemen were awarded a Medal, although they did so while engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force rather than enemy since the United States was neutral during the events of December 7, 1941." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_A_Championship", "title": "2009 A Championship", "header": [ "Team", "Base", "Stadium" ], "data": [ { "value": "Castlebar Celtic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castlebar_Celtic_F.C.", "summary": "Castlebar Celtic F.C . ( Irish : Cumann Peile Caisleán an Bharraigh Ceiltigh ) is an Irish association football club based in Castlebar , County Mayo . They currently play in the Mayo Association Football League . They have previously fielded teams in the League of Ireland U20 Division , the A Championship and the Connacht Senior League . The club previously operated a women 's team ." } ] }, { "value": "Castlebar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castlebar", "summary": "Castlebar ( Irish : Caisleán an Bharraigh , meaning Barry 's Castle ) is the county town of County Mayo , Ireland . A campus of Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology and the Country Life section of the National Museum of Ireland are two important local amenities . The town is linked by railway to Dublin , Westport and Ballina . The main route by road is the N5 ." } ] }, { "value": "Celtic Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Celtic_Park_(Castlebar)", "summary": "Celtic Park ( Irish : Páirc na gCeilteach ) is an association football stadium based in Castlebar , County Mayo . It is the home ground of Castlebar Celtic who play in the Women 's National League ( WNL ) , the top tier of Irish women 's football . It is also home to Castlebar Celtic 's associated men 's team , who play at regional level in the Mayo Association Football League ." } ] }, { "value": "Derry City A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Derry_City_F.C.", "summary": "Derry City Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Chathair Dhoire ) is a professional football club based in Derry , County Londonderry , Northern Ireland . It plays in the League of Ireland Premier Division , the top tier of league football in the Republic of Ireland , and is the League of Ireland 's only participant from Northern Ireland . The club 's home ground is the Brandywell Stadium and the players wear red and white striped shirts from which its nickname , the Candystripes , derives . The club is also known as the Red and White Army , Derry or City . The club , founded in 1928 , initially played in the Irish League , the domestic league in Northern Ireland , and won a title in 1964-65 . In 1971 , security concerns related to the Troubles meant matches could not be played at the Brandywell . The team played home fixtures 30 miles ( 48 km ) away in Coleraine . The security forces withdrew their objections to the use of the Brandywell the following year , but in the face of insistence from the Irish League that the unsustainable arrangement continue , the club withdrew from the league . After 13 years in junior football , it joined the League of Ireland 's new First Division for 1985-86 . Derry won the First Division title and achieved promotion to the Premier Division in 1987 , and remained there until an administrative relegation in 2009 . The club won a domestic treble in 1988-89 , the only League of Ireland club so far to do so . After spending the majority of its time in the League of Ireland in the Premier Division , the club was expelled in November 2009 when it was discovered there were secondary , unofficial contracts with players ." } ] }, { "value": "Derry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Derry", "summary": "Derry , officially Londonderry ( /ˈlʌndəndɛri/ ) , is the second-largest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-largest city on the island of Ireland . The name Derry is an anglicisation of the Old Irish name Daire ( modern Irish : Doire [ ˈd̪ˠɛɾʲə ] ) meaning oak grove . In 1613 , the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and gained the London prefix to reflect the funding of its construction by the London guilds . While the city is more usually known colloquially as Derry , Londonderry is also commonly used and remains the legal name . The old walled city lies on the west bank of the River Foyle , which is spanned by two road bridges and one footbridge . The city now covers both banks ( Cityside on the west and Waterside on the east ) . The population of the city was 83,652 at the 2001 Census , while the Derry Urban Area had a population of 90,736 . The district administered by Derry City and Strabane District Council contains both Londonderry Port and City of Derry Airport . Derry is close to the border with County Donegal , with which it has had a close link for many centuries . The person traditionally seen as the founder of the original Derry is Saint Colmcille , a holy man from Tír Chonaill , the old name for almost all of modern County Donegal , of which the west bank of the Foyle was a part before 1610 . In 2013 , Derry was the inaugural UK City of Culture , having been awarded the title in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Brandywell Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brandywell_Stadium", "summary": "The Ryan McBride Brandywell Stadium ( Irish : Tobar an Fhíoruisce1 ) is a municipal dual-use football and greyhound racing stadium located in Derry , Northern Ireland . It is the home ground of League of Ireland team Derry City F.C . and ( temporarily ) NIFL Premiership team Institute The football team play on Friday evenings usually at 7.45pm ; the greyhound racing takes place on Monday evenings and occasionally on Thursday evenings . Until September 2018 , the stadium was known as the Brandywell Stadium before it was renamed to honour Ryan McBride ." } ] }, { "value": "Drogheda United A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drogheda_United_F.C.", "summary": "Drogheda United Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Dhroichead Átha Aontaithe ) is an Irish association football club based in Drogheda , County Louth playing in the League of Ireland First Division . They play their home matches at United Park . The current club is the amalgamation of two former clubs in the town : Drogheda United , a non-league club founded in 1919 ; and Drogheda F.C. , founded in 1962 . The clubs merged their operations to form the current club in 1975 and have achieved success since 2005 by winning two Setanta Sports Cups , an FAI Cup , and their first league title , the 2007 League of Ireland ." } ] }, { "value": "Drogheda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drogheda", "summary": "Drogheda ( /ˈdrɒhədə , ˈdrɔːdə/ ; Irish : Droichead Átha [ ˈd̪ˠɾˠɛhəd̪ˠ ˈaːhə ] , meaning bridge at the ford ) is one of the oldest towns in Ireland . It is located on the Dublin-Belfast corridor on the east coast of Ireland , mostly in County Louth but with the south fringes of the town in County Meath , 49 km or 30 miles north of Dublin . Drogheda has a population of approximately 41,000 inhabitants ( 2016 ) , making it the eleventh largest settlement by population in all of Ireland . It is the last bridging point on the River Boyne before it enters the Irish Sea . The UNESCO World Heritage Site of Newgrange is located 8 km west of the city ." } ] }, { "value": "United Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Park", "summary": "United Park , formerly O2 Park and Hunky Dorys Park for sponsorship purposes , is a football stadium in Drogheda , Ireland . The ground has been home to League of Ireland side Drogheda United since 1979 . It was officially opened on 12 August 1979 with a friendly against Queens Park Rangers F.C . In October 1993 , the first match under floodlights took place with a 2-1 win over Shamrock Rovers The ground has a capacity of 3,500 with 1,500 seats . During the middle of 2010 , renovations took place to bring the venue up to licensing standards : changes include the addition of seats to the GAA side of the ground ( to bring the seating capacity up to 1,500 ) , new toilet facilities and a new covered section dedicated to wheelchair users . The ground was also known briefly as O2 Park during 2002 and 2003 , as part of a sponsorship deal with the telecommunications company O2 . The stadium used to hold 5,400 , though the safe capacity is now set at 2000 by the Louth County Fire Officer . The stadium has also hosted five Republic of Ireland under-21 national football team games and other international underage games including games in the 1994 UEFA European Under-16 Football Championship . Proposals have been made to sell the site and build a 10,000 all seater new stadium on the outskirts of the town . On 9 July 2008 planning permission was given to Drogheda United by Meath County Council , however , the plans eventually fell through ." } ] }, { "value": "Dundalk A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dundalk_F.C.", "summary": "Dundalk Football Club ( /dʌnˈdɔːk/ ; Irish : Cumann Peile Dhún Dealgan ) is a professional association football club in Dundalk , Ireland . Dundalk compete in the League of Ireland Premier Division , the top tier of Irish football , and are the reigning League Champions and League of Ireland Cup holders , having won both in 2019 . Founded in 1903 as the works-team of the Great Northern Railway company , they played in junior competition until they joined the Leinster Senior League in 1922 . After four seasons in that division , they were elected to the Free State League , which later became the League of Ireland , in 1926 . In 1932-33 they became the first club from outside Dublin to win the league title , and have won at least one league title or FAI Cup in every decade since . They are now the second most successful club in the League 's history , and the most successful in the Premier Division era . In 1936 they moved from their original home at the Athletic Grounds in the town centre to their present ground , Oriel Park . The team has played in white shirts since 1927 , and adopted the present colours of white shirts with black shorts in 1940 . The club 's crest was also adopted in 1927 and is based on the town 's old Corporation Arms . Dundalk made their European debut as League Champions in the 1963-64 European Cup , and became the first Irish side to win an away match in Europe the same season . In the 1979-80 European Cup they reached the last 16 , which was their best European performance until 2016 . That season they reached the group stage of the 2016-17 Europa League , and became the first team from Ireland to both win points and win a match at that level of European competition ." } ] }, { "value": "Dundalk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dundalk", "summary": "Dundalk ( /dʌnˈdɔːk/ , Irish : Dún Dealgan [ ˌd̪ˠuːnˠ ˈdʲalˠɡənˠ ] , meaning Dalgan 's fort ) is the county town of County Louth , Ireland . It is on the Castletown River , which flows into Dundalk Bay , and near the border with Northern Ireland , halfway between Dublin and Belfast . It has associations with the mythical warrior hero Cú Chulainn . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Oriel Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oriel_Park", "summary": "Oriel Park is a UEFA Category 2 football stadium located on the Carrickmacross Road in Dundalk , Ireland . The stadium is the home ground of Dundalk Football Club and is owned and operated by the club on land that has been leased from the Casey family since the mid 1930s . The ground has a capacity of 3,100 for European matches ( i.e . 3,100 seats ) and 4,500 for domestic games ( i.e . with the remainder standing ) . Oriel Park 's attendance record is an estimated 17,000 , set in 1979 for Dundalk 's European Cup second round tie against Glasgow Celtic ." } ] }, { "value": "Finn Harps A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Finn_Harps_F.C.", "summary": "Finn Harps Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Chláirsigh na Finne ) are an Irish football club that play in the Premier Division of the League of Ireland , as of 2020 . The club was founded in 1954 and elected to the league in 1969 . They hail from Ballybofey , County Donegal and play their home matches at Finn Park . The club 's colours are blue and white , and they go by the nickname Harps . The main successes of the club include winning an FAI Cup in 1973-74 and the First Division title in 2004 . They also contested the 1999 FAI Cup Final ( s ) , a second replay of which ended in a narrow defeat , the first replay having been lost to a draw with 30 seconds left to play . Finn Harps share a local rivalry with Derry City with whom they contest the Northwest Derby ." } ] }, { "value": "Ballybofey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ballybofey", "summary": "Ballybofey ( /ˌbælibəˈfeɪ/ BAL-ee-bə-FAY , locally /ˌbælbəˈfeɪ/ BAL-bə-FAY ; Irish : Bealach Féich , meaning Fiach 's pass ) is a town located on the south bank of the River Finn , County Donegal , Ireland . Together with the smaller town of Stranorlar on the north side of the River Finn , the towns form the Twin Towns of Ballybofey-Stranorlar . Ballybofey-Stranorlar , a census town , had a population of 4,852 in the 2016 . The town grew rapidly in the 19th and 20th centuries . There are no schools or churches in the town of Ballybofey itself , with all these amenities lying either across the bridge in Stranorlar or outside the town limits . This is due to laws during plantation times when certain Catholic buildings were not allowed within a specified range of Protestant towns , in this case Stranorlar , though Stranorlar now has both a Roman Catholic and a Church of Ireland church ." } ] }, { "value": "Finn Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Finn_Park", "summary": "Finn Park ( Irish : Páirc na Finne ) is a football stadium in Ballybofey , Ireland . The home ground of League of Ireland team Finn Harps , it has a capacity of 6,000 with 400 seats ." } ] }, { "value": "Galway United A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Galway_United_F.C.", "summary": "Galway United Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Ghaillimh Aontaithe ) is an Irish association football club based in Galway . They play in the League of Ireland First Division . They were founded as Galway Rovers F.C . during the 1930s . They made their League of Ireland debut in 1977-78 and changed their name to Galway United in 1981-82 . After suffering financial difficulties , the club dropped out of the League of Ireland after the 2011 season but in 2014 Galway United returned after initially playing as Galway F.C . for a season ." } ] }, { "value": "Galway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Galway", "summary": "Galway ( /ˈɡɔːlweɪ/ GAWL-way ; Irish : Gaillimh , pronounced [ ˈɡal̠ʲɪvʲ ] ) is a city in County Galway in the West of Ireland , in the province of Connacht . It lies on the River Corrib between Lough Corrib and Galway Bay , and is the sixth most populous city in Ireland , with a population at the 2016 Census of 79,934 . Galway is renowned for its vibrant lifestyle and for hosting numerous festivals , celebrations and events such as The Galway Arts Festival . The city is currently the European Capital of Culture for 2020 , alongside Rijeka , Croatia ." } ] }, { "value": "Athenry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athenry", "summary": "Athenry ( /æθənˈraɪ/ ; [ a ] Irish : Baile Átha an Rí , meaning Town of the Ford of the King ) is a town in County Galway , Ireland , which lies 25 kilometres ( 16 mi ) east of Galway city . Some of the attractions of the medieval town are its town wall , Athenry Castle , its priory and its 13th century Anglo-Norman street-plan . The town is also well known by virtue of the song The Fields of Athenry ." } ] }, { "value": "Salthill Devon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salthill_Devon_F.C.", "summary": "Salthill Devon Football Club is an Irish association football club originally based in Salthill , Galway . Their senior team currently plays in the Galway & District League . They have previously played in the Connacht Senior League , the A Championship and the League of Ireland First Division . In 2012 they played under the name SD Galway . Since 2005 Salthill Devon have hosted a youth tournament known as the Galway Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Salthill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salthill", "summary": "Salthill ( Irish : Bóthar na Trá ) is a seaside area in the City of Galway in the west of Ireland . Lying within the townland of Lenaboy ( an Léana Buí ) , it attracts many tourists all year round . There is a 2 km long promenade , locally known as the Prom , overlooking Galway Bay with bars , restaurants and hotels ." } ] }, { "value": "Drom Soccer Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Drom_Soccer_Park", "summary": "Drom Soccer Park is an association football venue in the Republic of Ireland based in Drom East , Rahoon , County Galway . It is the home ground of Salthill Devon F.C . It was built in 2002 and has a capacity of 2,000 . Drom also hosts the Galway Cup annually ." } ] }, { "value": "Sligo Rovers A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sligo_Rovers_F.C.", "summary": "Sligo Rovers Football Club ( Irish : Cumann Peile Ruagairí Shligigh ) is a professional Irish football club playing in the Premier Division of the League of Ireland . The club was founded in 1928 and have been in the League of Ireland since 1934 . The club is a co-operative venture , owned by the people of Sligo . Rovers have played at The Showgrounds since their inception . They recently won a third FAI Cup in four years and in the season previous to this recent cup win became the 2012 Premier Division Champions , winning the league with two games to spare . In total they have won three Leagues , five FAI Cups , two League cups ." } ] }, { "value": "Sligo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sligo", "summary": "Sligo ( /ˈslaɪɡoʊ/ SLY-goh ; Irish : Sligeach [ ˈʃlʲɪɟəx ] , meaning 'abounding in shells ' ) is a coastal seaport and the county town of County Sligo , Ireland , within the western province of Connacht . With a population of approximately 20,000 in 2016 , it is the second largest urban centre in the West of Ireland , with only Galway being larger . The Sligo Borough District constitutes 61% ( 38,581 ) of the county 's population of 63,000 . Sligo is a historic , cultural , commercial , industrial , retail and service centre of regional importance in the West of Ireland , and is served by rail , port and road links . Sligo is also a tourist destination , being situated on the Wild Atlantic Way , with many literary and cultural associations ." } ] }, { "value": "Showgrounds", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Showgrounds_(Sligo)", "summary": "The Showgrounds is a stadium in Sligo , which has been home of Sligo Rovers since Rovers were formed in 1928 ." } ] }, { "value": "Tullamore Town", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tullamore_Town_F.C.", "summary": "Tullamore Town F.C . ( Irish : Cumann Peile Tulach Mhór ) is an Irish association football club based in Tullamore , County Offaly , playing their home games at Leah Victoria Park . Their senior men 's team currently play in Leinster Senior League . They have previously played in the A Championship and the League of Ireland B Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Tullamore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tullamore", "summary": "Tullamore ( Irish : Tulach Mhór , meaning great mound ) is the county town of County Offaly , in the midlands of Ireland , and is located in the centre of the county . It is the fourth most populous town in the midlands region with a population of 14,607 in the 2016 census . The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the World Sheep Dog Trials in 2005 which attracted international interest in the region . The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year . The town 's most famous export is Tullamore Dew - an Irish whiskey distilled by Tullamore Distillery - that can be traced back to 1829 . The original distillery was shut down in 1954 , with the brand later being resurrected and produced at the Midleton Distillery , in Cork . However , the brand 's new owners , William Grant & Sons , invested in a new distillery near Tullamore , bringing whiskey production back to the town in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Leah Victoria Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leah_Victoria_Park", "summary": "Leah Victoria Park is an Irish football ground situated in Tullamore , Co. Offaly . It is the home of Tullamore Town F.C . The ground has three pitches in total , two which are of international standard and an all-weather pitch ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Group 1 -- Teams", "section_text": "", "uid": "2009_A_Championship_0", "intro": "The 2009 A Championship was the second season of the A Championship. The season was sponsored by Newstalk. The league featured 18 teams. Shamrock Rovers A were the champions while the runners up, Salthill Devon, were promoted to the First Division." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Old_World_monkey_species", "title": "List of Old World monkey species", "header": [ "Scientific name", "Common name", "Classified", "Conservation status" ], "data": [ { "value": "Allenopithecus nigroviridis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Allen 's swamp monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allen's_swamp_monkey", "summary": "The Allen 's swamp monkey ( Allenopithecus nigroviridis ) is a primate species categorized in its own genus Allenopithecus in the Old World monkey family . Phylogenetically , it is a sister clade to the guenons , but differs in dentition and habits . Allen 's swamp monkey was named after American zoologist Joel Asaph Allen ." } ] }, { "value": "1907 Pocock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reginald_Innes_Pocock", "summary": "Reginald Innes Pocock F.R.S . ( 4 March 1863 - 9 August 1947 ) was a British zoologist . Pocock was born in Clifton , Bristol , the fourth son of Rev . Nicholas Pocock and Edith Prichard . He began showing interest in natural history at St. Edward 's School , Oxford . He received tutoring in zoology from Sir Edward Poulton , and was allowed to explore comparative anatomy at the Oxford Museum . He studied biology and geology at University College , Bristol , under Conwy Lloyd Morgan and William Johnson Sollas . In 1885 , he became an assistant at the Natural History Museum , and worked in the section of entomology for a year . He was put in charge of the collections of Arachnida and Myriapoda . He was also given the task to arrange the British birds collections , in the course of which he developed a lasting interest in ornithology . The 200 papers he published in his 18 years at the museum soon brought him recognition as an authority on Arachnida and Myriapoda ; he described between 300 and 400 species of millipedes alone , and also described the scorpion genus Brachistosternus . In 1904 , he left to become superintendent of the London Zoo , remaining so until his retirement in 1923 ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miopithecus talapoin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Angolan talapoin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Angolan_talapoin", "summary": "The Angolan talapoin ( Miopithecus talapoin ) , also known as the southern talapoin , is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae . Talapoins are the smallest species of Old-World monkeys ." } ] }, { "value": "1774 Schreber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber", "summary": "Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber ( 17 January 1739 in Weißensee , Thuringia - 10 December 1810 in Erlangen ) , often styled J.C.D . von Schreber , was a German naturalist ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miopithecus ogouensis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gabon talapoin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gabon_talapoin", "summary": "The Gabon talapoin ( Miopithecus ogouensis ) , also known as the northern talapoin , is a small species of African monkey in the family Cercopithecidae . It is found in riparian habitats in Cameroon , Equatorial Guinea , Gabon , and western Republic of the Congo and far western Democratic Republic of Congo . It may have been introduced to Fernando Poo and the Canary Islands . Unlike the related Angolan talapoin , the Gabon talapoin has flesh-coloured ( not blackish ) ears and facial skin ." } ] }, { "value": "1997 Kingdon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jonathan_Kingdon", "summary": "Jonathan Kingdon ( born 1935 in Tanzania ) is a zoologist , science author , and artist ; a research associate at the University of Oxford . He focuses on taxonomic illustration and evolution of the mammals of Africa . He is a contributor to The Oxford Book of Modern Science Writing . He was awarded the 1993 Silver Medal of the Zoological Society of London , and was awarded the Royal Geographical Society 's Cherry Kearton Medal and Award in 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Erythrocebus patas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "patas monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patas_monkey", "summary": "The patas monkey ( Erythrocebus patas ) , also known as the wadi monkey or hussar monkey , is a ground-dwelling monkey distributed over semi-arid areas of West Africa , and into East Africa . It was formerly considered the only member of the genus Erythrocebus , but the Blue Nile patas monkey , previously synonymized with this species , was resurrected in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "1775 Schreber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber", "summary": "Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber ( 17 January 1739 in Weißensee , Thuringia - 10 December 1810 in Erlangen ) , often styled J.C.D . von Schreber , was a German naturalist ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus sabaeus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "green monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Green_monkey", "summary": "The green monkey ( Chlorocebus sabaeus ) , also known as the sabaeus monkey or the callithrix monkey , is an Old World monkey with golden-green fur and pale hands and feet . The tip of the tail is golden yellow as are the backs of the thighs and cheek whiskers . It does not have a distinguishing band of fur on the brow , like other Chlorocebus species , and males have a pale blue scrotum . Some authorities consider this and all of the members of the genus Chlorocebus to be a single widespread species , Chlorocebus aethiops ." } ] }, { "value": "1758 Linnaeus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "summary": "Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus aethiops", "urls": [] }, { "value": "grivet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grivet", "summary": "The grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops ) , also known as African green monkey and savannah monkey is an Old World monkey with long white tufts of hair along the sides of the face . Some authorities consider this and all of the members of the genus Chlorocebus to be a single species , Cercopithecus aethiops . As here defined , the grivet is restricted to Ethiopia , Sudan , Djibouti and Eritrea . In the southern part of its range , it comes into contact with the closely related vervet monkey ( C. pygerythrus ) and Bale Mountains vervet ( C. djamdjamensis ) . Hybridization between them is possible , and may present a threat to the vulnerable Bale Mountains vervet . Unlike that species , the grivet is common and rated as Least Concern by the IUCN ." } ] }, { "value": "1758 Linnaeus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "summary": "Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus djamdjamensis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bale Mountains vervet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bale_Mountains_vervet", "summary": "The Bale Mountains vervet ( Chlorocebus djamdjamensis ) is a terrestrial Old World monkey endemic to Ethiopia , found in the bamboo forests of the Bale Mountains . It was originally described as a subspecies of the grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops ) . All species in Chlorocebus were formerly in the genus Cercopithecus . The Bale Mountains Vervet is one of the least known primates in Africa . The Bale Mountains Vervet avoid tree-dominated and bush land areas as their habitat . These monkeys mainly reside in the bamboo forest ( Odubullu Forest ) of the Bale mountain due their dietary specialization on bamboo , however , other factors such as climate , forest history , soil quality , and disease could are likely to play a role in their choice to inhibit this area . The Bale Mountains Vervet have a very quiet behavior and tend to flee when coming across a human being ." } ] }, { "value": "1902 Neumann", "urls": [] }, { "value": "vulnerable", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus tantalus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "tantalus monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tantalus_monkey", "summary": "The tantalus monkey ( Chlorocebus tantalus ) is an Old World monkey from Africa that ranges from Ghana to Sudan . It was originally described as a subspecies of the grivet ( Chlorocebus aethiops ) . All species in Chlorocebus were formerly in the genus Cercopithecus . It is a common species with a wide range , and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of least concern . This species has three recognized subspecies :" } ] }, { "value": "1841 Ogilby", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Ogilby", "summary": "William Ogilby ( 1808-1873 ) was an Irish barrister and naturalist . Ogilby was honorary secretary of the Zoological Society of London from 1839 to 1846 . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus pygerythrus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "vervet monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vervet_monkey", "summary": "The vervet monkey ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus ) , or simply vervet , is an Old World monkey of the family Cercopithecidae native to Africa . The term vervet is also used to refer to all the members of the genus Chlorocebus . The five distinct subspecies can be found mostly throughout Southern Africa , as well as some of the eastern countries . Vervets were introduced to Florida , St. Kitts , and Cape Verde . These mostly herbivorous monkeys have black faces and grey body hair color , ranging in body length from about 40 centimetres ( 16 in ) for females , to about 50 centimetres ( 20 in ) for males . In addition to behavioral research on natural populations , vervet monkeys serve as a nonhuman primate model for understanding genetic and social behaviors of humans . They have been noted for having human-like characteristics , such as hypertension , anxiety , and social and dependent alcohol use . Vervets live in social groups ranging from 10 to 70 individuals , with males moving to other groups at the time of sexual maturity . The most significant [ according to whom ? ] studies done on vervet monkeys involve their communication and alarm calls , specifically in regard to kin and group recognition and particular predator sightings ." } ] }, { "value": "1821 F. Cuvier", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Frédéric_Cuvier", "summary": "Georges-Frédéric Cuvier ( 28 June 1773 , Montbéliard , Doubs - 24 July 1838 , Strasbourg ) was a French zoologist and paleontologist . He was the younger brother of noted naturalist and zoologist Georges Cuvier ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chlorocebus cynosuros", "urls": [] }, { "value": "malbrouck", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malbrouck", "summary": "The malbrouck ( Chlorocebus cynosuros ) is an Old World primate from Africa that belongs to the genus Chlorocebus . The species is sometimes classified as a subspecies of the vervet monkey ( C. pygerythrus ) , or of the widespread grivet ( C. aethiops ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1786 Scopoli", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giovanni_Antonio_Scopoli", "summary": "Giovanni Antonio Scopoli ( sometimes Latinized as Johannes Antonius Scopolius ) ( 3 June 1723 - 8 May 1788 ) was an Austrian physician and naturalist . His biographer Otto Guglia named him the first anational European and the Linnaeus of the Austrian Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus dryas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dryas monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dryas_monkey", "summary": "The Dryas monkey ( Cercopithecus dryas ) , also known as Salonga monkey , ekele , or inoko , is a little-known species of guenon found only in the Congo Basin , restricted to the left bank of the Congo River . It is now established that the animals that had been classified as Cercopithecus salongo ( the common name being Zaire Diana monkey ) were in fact Dryas monkeys . Some older sources treat the Dryas monkey as a subspecies of the Diana monkey and classify it as C. diana dryas , but it is geographically isolated from any known Diana monkey population . While the Dryas monkey had been considered data deficient , evidence suggests it is very rare and its total population possibly numbers fewer than 200 individuals . Consequently , its status was changed to critically endangered in the 2008 IUCN Red List . Along with being listed by the IUCN , this species is also listed on Appendix II of CITES . However , in January 2019 the IUCN status was changed to endangered following the discovery of this species at eight locations in Lomami National Park ." } ] }, { "value": "1932 Schwarz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ernst_Schwarz_(zoologist)", "summary": "Ernst Schwarz ( 1 December 1889 - 23 September 1962 ) was a German zoologist , mammalogist , and herpetologist . Schwarz was born in Frankfurt and studied zoology in Munich . He worked at the Museum of Natural History in Frankfurt and the Zoological Museum in Berlin . In 1929 he became professor of Zoology at the University of Greifswald . He worked at the Natural History Museum in London from 1933 to 1937 , when he moved to the United States . He specialised in great ape species . He is often credited with having discovered the Bonobo in 1928 . Schwarz also studied amphibians and reptiles , especially European and Mediterranean vipers ." } ] }, { "value": "critically endangered", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus diana", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Diana monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diana_monkey", "summary": "The Diana monkey ( Cercopithecus diana ) is an Old World monkey . The term old-world monkey refers to the family of monkeys known as Cercopithecoidea and the Diana monkey is only 1 species out of the 148 that are a part of this family ." } ] }, { "value": "1758 Linnaeus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "summary": "Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly ." } ] }, { "value": "vulnerable", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus roloway", "urls": [] }, { "value": "roloway monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roloway_monkey", "summary": "The roloway monkey ( Cercopithecus roloway ) is an endangered species of Old World monkey endemic to tropical West Africa . It was previously considered a subspecies of the Diana monkey ( C. diana ) . It is classified as Endangered due to habitat loss and continued hunting for the bushmeat trade ." } ] }, { "value": "1774 Schreber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber", "summary": "Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber ( 17 January 1739 in Weißensee , Thuringia - 10 December 1810 in Erlangen ) , often styled J.C.D . von Schreber , was a German naturalist ." } ] }, { "value": "endangered", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus nictitans", "urls": [] }, { "value": "greater spot-nosed monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greater_spot-nosed_monkey", "summary": "The greater spot-nosed monkey or putty-nosed monkey ( Cercopithecus nictitans ) is one of the smallest Old World monkeys . It is a guenon of the C. mitis group , native to West Africa and living to some extent in rain forests , but more often in the transition zone between rain forest and savannah . It is primarily arboreal and often associates with monkeys of other species . Both their common names come from the monkeys ' prominent white nose . The greater spot-nosed monkey lives in groups consisting of one adult male , a number of adult females , and their dependent offspring . Little recent research has been conducted into its behaviour , and most has concentrated on its auditory communication . Males use three call types which have been described as 'booms ' , 'pyows ' , and 'hacks ' . These are used in a number of contexts including as alarm calls . As in some other species of monkeys , the acoustical structure of greater spot-nosed monkey alarm calls it has been argued to vary according to the kind of predator spotted . The monkey reportedly combines different sounds into a sequence , which has an entirely different meaning from the sounds out of which it is made . For instance , the sound pyow alone means another animal , like a leopard , is lurking nearby , and hack means a flying animal , like an eagle , is flying nearby , but when the two are combined , as in the sequence pyow pyow hack hack hack hack , they have an entirely different meaning : Let 's get out of here and move to another place ." } ] }, { "value": "1766 Linnaeus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus", "summary": "Carl Linnaeus ( /lɪˈniːəs , lɪˈneɪəs/ ; 23 May [ note 1 ] 1707 - 10 January 1778 ) , also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈkɑːɭ fɔn lɪˈneː ] ( listen ) ) , was a Swedish botanist , zoologist , and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature , the modern system of naming organisms . He is known as the father of modern taxonomy . Many of his writings were in Latin , and his name is rendered in Latin as Carolus Linnæus ( after 1761 Carolus a Linné ) . Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden . He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730 . He lived abroad between 1735 and 1738 , where he studied and also published the first edition of his Systema Naturae in the Netherlands . He then returned to Sweden where he became professor of medicine and botany at Uppsala . In the 1740s , he was sent on several journeys through Sweden to find and classify plants and animals . In the 1750s and 1760s , he continued to collect and classify animals , plants , and minerals , while publishing several volumes . He was one of the most acclaimed scientists in Europe at the time of his death . Philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau sent him the message : Tell him I know no greater man on earth . Johann Wolfgang von Goethe wrote : With the exception of Shakespeare and Spinoza , I know no one among the no longer living who has influenced me more strongly ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus mitis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "blue monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Blue_monkey", "summary": "The blue monkey or diademed monkey ( Cercopithecus mitis ) is a species of Old World monkey native to Central and East Africa , ranging from the upper Congo River basin east to the East African Rift and south to northern Angola and Zambia . It sometimes includes Sykes ' , silver , and golden monkeys as subspecies ." } ] }, { "value": "1822 Wolf", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johann_Wolf", "summary": "Johann Wolf ( 26 May 1765 in Nürnberg - 16 February 1824 ) was a German naturalist and ornithologist . He was a Member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus doggetti", "urls": [] }, { "value": "silver monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Silver_monkey", "summary": "The silver monkey ( Cercopithecus doggetti ) is a species of Old World monkey found primarily in East Africa . Its range includes Burundi , Tanzania , Rwanda , Uganda , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo . The silver monkey was previously considered a subspecies of the blue monkey ( Cercopithecus mitis ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1907 Pocock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reginald_Innes_Pocock", "summary": "Reginald Innes Pocock F.R.S . ( 4 March 1863 - 9 August 1947 ) was a British zoologist . Pocock was born in Clifton , Bristol , the fourth son of Rev . Nicholas Pocock and Edith Prichard . He began showing interest in natural history at St. Edward 's School , Oxford . He received tutoring in zoology from Sir Edward Poulton , and was allowed to explore comparative anatomy at the Oxford Museum . He studied biology and geology at University College , Bristol , under Conwy Lloyd Morgan and William Johnson Sollas . In 1885 , he became an assistant at the Natural History Museum , and worked in the section of entomology for a year . He was put in charge of the collections of Arachnida and Myriapoda . He was also given the task to arrange the British birds collections , in the course of which he developed a lasting interest in ornithology . The 200 papers he published in his 18 years at the museum soon brought him recognition as an authority on Arachnida and Myriapoda ; he described between 300 and 400 species of millipedes alone , and also described the scorpion genus Brachistosternus . In 1904 , he left to become superintendent of the London Zoo , remaining so until his retirement in 1923 ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus kandti", "urls": [] }, { "value": "golden monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Golden_monkey", "summary": "The golden monkey ( Cercopithecus kandti ) is a species of Old World monkey found in the Virunga volcanic mountains of Central Africa , including four national parks : Mgahinga , in south-west Uganda ; Volcanoes , in north-west Rwanda ; and Virunga and Kahuzi-Biéga , in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo . It is restricted to highland forest , especially near bamboo . This species was previously thought to be a subspecies of the blue monkey ( Cercopithecus mitis ) , and the two are similar overall , but the golden monkey has a golden-orange patch on the upper flanks and back . Not much is known about the golden monkey 's behaviour . It lives in social groups of up to 30 individuals . Its diet consists mainly of bamboo , leaves and fruit , though it is also thought to eat insects . Due to the gradual destruction of their habitat and recent wars in their limited habitat , the golden monkey is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List ." } ] }, { "value": "1905 Matschie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Matschie", "summary": "Paul Matschie ( 11 August 1861 , Brandenburg an der Havel - 7 March 1926 , Friedenau ) was a German zoologist . He studied mathematics and natural sciences at the Universities of Halle and Berlin , afterwards working as an unpaid volunteer at the Berlin Zoological Museum under Jean Cabanis ( 1816-1906 ) . In 1892 he was in charge of the department of mammals at the museum , later becoming a curator ( 1895 ) , and in 1902 attaining the title of professor . In 1924 he was appointed second director at the museum . During the years 1891-1893 , he described 11 new species of reptiles . A species of gecko , Hemidactylus matschiei ( Tornier , 1901 ) , is named in his honor . Matschie 's tree-kangaroo ( Dendrolagus matschiei ) and Matschie 's galago ( Galago matschiei ) are two species of mammals which bear his name ." } ] }, { "value": "endangered", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus albogularis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sykes 's monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sykes's_monkey", "summary": "Sykes ' monkey ( Cercopithecus albogularis ) , also known as the white-throated monkey or Samango monkey , is an Old World monkey found between Ethiopia and South Africa , including south and east Democratic Republic of Congo . It is named after English naturalist Colonel William Henry Sykes ( 1790-1872 ) , and has been considered conspecific with the blue monkey ( which in turn has included the golden and silver monkey ) , but has a large white patch on the throat and upper chest , and a grizzled ( not blackish ) cap ." } ] }, { "value": "1831 Sykes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Henry_Sykes", "summary": "Colonel William Henry Sykes , FRS ( 25 January 1790 - 16 June 1872 ) was an English naturalist who served with the British military in India and was specifically known for his work with the Indian Army as a politician , Indologist and ornithologist . One of the pioneers of the Victorian statistical movement , a founder of the Royal Statistical Society , he conducted surveys and examined the efficiency of army operation . Returning from service in India , he became a director of the East India Company and a member of parliament representing Aberdeen ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus mona", "urls": [] }, { "value": "mona monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mona_monkey", "summary": "The mona monkey ( Cercopithecus mona ) is an Old World monkey that lives in western Africa between Ghana and Cameroon . The mona monkey can also be found on the island of Grenada as it was transported to the island aboard slave ships headed to the New World during the 18th century . This guenon lives in groups of up to thirty-five in forests . It mainly feeds on fruit , but sometimes eats insects and leaves . The mona monkey has brown agouti fur with a white rump . Its tail and legs are black and the face is blue-grey with a dark stripe across the face . The mona monkey carries food in cheek pouches ." } ] }, { "value": "1774 Schreber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johann_Christian_Daniel_von_Schreber", "summary": "Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber ( 17 January 1739 in Weißensee , Thuringia - 10 December 1810 in Erlangen ) , often styled J.C.D . von Schreber , was a German naturalist ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cercopithecus campbelli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Campbell 's mona monkey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Campbell's_mona_monkey", "summary": "Campbell 's mona monkey , also known as Campbell 's guenon and Campbell 's monkey ( Cercopithecus campbelli ) is a species of primate in the family Cercopithecidae found in the Ivory Coast , Gambia , Ghana , Guinea , Guinea-Bissau , Liberia , Senegal , and Sierra Leone . It was named for Henry Dundas Campbell , in 1838 . Lowe 's mona monkey was previously considered a subspecies of Campbell 's mona monkey . The International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated this species as being of least concern because it has a wide range and is able to adapt to degraded habitats ." } ] }, { "value": "1838 Waterhouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Robert_Waterhouse", "summary": "George Robert Waterhouse ( 6 March 1810 - 21 January 1888 ) was an English naturalist . He was a keeper at the department of geology and later curator of the Zoological Society of London 's museum ." } ] }, { "value": "least concern", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Extant species -- Subfamily : Cercopithecinae", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Old_World_monkey_species_0", "intro": "Old World monkeys are all simian primates. They are more closely related to the apes than they are to the New World monkeys." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)", "title": "Romania (European Parliament constituency)", "header": [ "Name", "Party", "Group" ], "data": [ { "value": "Elena Antonescu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Elena Băsescu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Elena_Băsescu", "summary": "Elena Băsescu , sometimes referred to as EBA , ( born 24 April 1980 in Constanța ) is a Romanian politician , the former secretary general of the youth wing of Romania 's Democratic Liberal Party , and a Member of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2014 . She is the youngest daughter of Traian Băsescu , the former President of Romania . She was formerly a model , and entered politics in 2007 . She has a degree in economics ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "George Becali", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Becali", "summary": "George Becali ( Romanian pronunciation : [ ˈd͡ʒe̯ord͡ʒe beˈkali ] ; born 25 June 1958 ) is a Romanian politician and businessman , mostly known for his ownership of the FCSB football club . He was a Member of the European Parliament between June 2009 and December 2012 and a Member of the Romanian Parliament since December 2012 up until his conviction in May 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Greater Romania Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greater_Romania_Party", "summary": "The Greater Romania Party ( Romanian : Partidul România Mare , PRM ) is a Romanian nationalist political party . Founded in May 1991 by Eugen Barbu and Corneliu Vadim Tudor , it was led by the latter from that point until his death in September 2015 . The party is sometimes referred to in English as the Great Romania Party . It briefly participated in government from 1993 to 1995 ( in Nicolae Văcăroiu 's cabinet ) . In 2000 , Tudor received the second largest number of votes in Romania 's presidential elections , partially as a result of protest votes lodged by Romanians frustrated with the fractionalisation and mixed performance of the 1996-2000 Romanian Democratic Convention government . Tudor 's second-place position ensured he would compete in the second round run-off against former president and Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) candidate Ion Iliescu , who won by a large margin . Parallels are often drawn with the situation in France two years later , when far-right Front National Party leader Jean-Marie Le Pen similarly drew the second largest number of votes and was elevated , but defeated , in the presidential run-off against Jacques Chirac . Although Tudor clearly remained the central figure in the PRM , in March 2005 he briefly stepped down from the party presidency in favour of Corneliu Ciontu . A primary objective of the move was to provide the appearance of a shift toward the political center and to attempt to align PRM with the European People 's Party ( EPP ) bloc in the European Parliament . During this period the PRM also briefly changed its name to the Greater Romania 's People Party . EPP , however , rejected the PRM as a potential member . Tudor stated he refused to join the EPP because of its lack of identity ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sebastian Bodu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sebastian_Bodu", "summary": "Sebastian Valentin Bodu ( born December 7 , 1970 ) is a Romanian politician , Member of the European Parliament . He was elected in 2007 and re-elected in 2009 , being part of the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament . Bodu is a Vice-Chairman of the Committee on Legal Affairs and also a member of the delegation for relations with Canada . Between 2005 and 2007 , Sebastian Bodu was the president of ANAF . He is a member of the Democratic Liberal Party since 2002 . Bodu is a lawyer , being a member of the Bucharest Bar between 1996-1998 and 2007-2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Victor Boştinaru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victor_Boştinaru", "summary": "Victor Boştinaru ( born 17 May 1952 ) is a Romanian member of the European Parliament and sits on the Committee for Regional Development ( REGI ) and Committee on Petitions ( PETI ) . He is a member of the Social Democratic Party of Romania and in the European Union he is part of the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Cristian Bușoi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cristian_Bușoi", "summary": "Cristian Silviu Bușoi ( born March 1 , 1978 ) is a Romanian physician and politician . A member of the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , he was a member of the Romanian Chamber of Deputies for Timiș County from 2004 to 2007 , and was a Member of the European Parliament from 2007 to 2013 , a position he regained in 2014 . In 2006 he married Georgiana , then a notary 's intern ." } ] }, { "value": "National Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe", "summary": "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "Corina Crețu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Corina_Crețu", "summary": "Corina Crețu ( born June 24 , 1967 in Bucharest ) is a Romanian politician and the incumbent European Commissioner for Regional Policy . Crețu is a member of the Romanian PRO Romania and former Member of the European Parliament ( sitting with the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ) . Between June 2014 and October 2014 , she served as a Vice-President of the European Parliament ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Sabin Cutaș", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sabin_Cutaș", "summary": "George Sabin Cutaş ( born February 23 , 1968 ) is a Romanian politician . A member of the Conservative Party ( PC ) , he sat in the Romanian Senate from 2004 to 2008 representing Teleorman County , and represented Romania in the European Parliament from 2009 to 2014 . Born in Bacău , Cutaş attended the Aerospace Engineering faculty of the Politehnica University of Bucharest from 1987 to 1992 . Between 1995 and 2004 , he held a number of posts at Dan Voiculescu-owned companies , including Grivco , Antena 1 ( which he headed from 1999 to 2004 ) and Intact Media Group ( director from 2003 to 2004 ) . A member of the Voiculescu-founded PC , he served a term in the Senate , where he led the PC parliamentary caucus in his last year there and twice served as one of the body 's vice presidents . He was , at various points , on the economics , foreign policy and culture committees . Elected to the European Parliament in 2009 , he sat on the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs . He is married and has two children ." } ] }, { "value": "Conservative Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conservative_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Conservative Party ( Romanian : Partidul Conservator , PC ) was a conservative political party in Romania . Founded in 1991 , after the fall of Communism in Romania , originally under the name Romanian Humanist Party ( Partidul Umanist Român , PUR ) . From 2005 until 3 December 2006 , the party was a junior member of the Government of Romania . The party adopted the name Conservative Party on 7 May 2005 . In June 2015 it merged with the Liberal Reformist Party to form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats . The Conservative Party stated that it promoted tradition , family , social solidarity , European integration , and a nationalism without chauvinism . It claimed the heritage of the historical Romanian Conservative Party , one of the two main political forces in Romania before the First World War . There was no direct , uninterrupted link between the two parties - the historical Conservative Party was dissolved after World War I - but the modern party sustained and embraced the values of the historical one ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Viorica Dăncilă", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viorica_Dăncilă", "summary": "Vasilica Viorica Dăncilă ( Romanian pronunciation : [ va.siˈli.ka vi.oˈri.ka dənˈtʃi.lə ] ; born 16 December 1963 ) is a Romanian politician , former leader of the Social Democratic Party , and was Prime Minister of Romania from 29 January 2018 to 4 November 2019 . She was the first woman in Romanian history to hold both the office of Prime Minister and president of the PSD . In 2014 , she was elected as a member in the European Parliament for a second term from the PSD . Viorica Dăncilă was also the president of the Social Democratic Women 's Organization ( OFSD ) between 2015 and 2018 . Viorica Dăncilă became a member of the Social Democratic Party in 1996 , as part of the PSD organization of Teleorman County . Over the years she has held several positions in both PSD and the local administration . Viorica Dăncilă was a local council and a county councilor until 2009 , when she was elected MEP for her first term . Also , Viorica Dăncilă occupied several leadership positions in the party , as president of the local organization , vice president of PSD Teleorman and president of OFSD Teleorman . Before entering politics she was an engineer with Petrom SA and prior to that a teacher at Videle Industrial High School . Dăncilă 's plans for a new cabinet were approved on 26 January 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Ioan Enciu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ioan_Enciu", "summary": "Ioan Enciu ( born 14 April 1953 ) is a Romanian politician , who , since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Social Democratic Party . He sits , along with his party colleagues in the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats group ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Cătălin Ivan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cătălin_Ivan", "summary": "Cătălin Sorin Ivan ( born 23 December 1978 ) is a Romanian politician , who since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Social Democratic Party . Until 2015 he was the Leader of the Romanian delegation to the Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats Group in the European Parliament ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Petru Luhan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Petru_Luhan", "summary": "Petru Constantin Luhan ( born 19 March 1977 ) is a Romanian politician , who since the 2009 election has been a Member of the European Parliament for Romania , representing the Democratic Liberal Party . He is a member of the Regional Development Committee and vice-president of EPP Young Members in the European Parliament ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Monica Macovei", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Monica_Macovei", "summary": "Monica Luisa Macovei ( Romanian pronunciation : [ moˈnika luˈisa makoˈvej ] ; born 4 February 1959 ) is a Romanian politician , lawyer and former prosecutor , currently a Member of the European Parliament from the European Conservatives and Reformists and formerly a member of the Romanian Democratic Liberal Party . She was the Minister of Justice of Romania in the first cabinet of Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu . In this position she was credited with implementing the justice reforms required for Romania to become a member state of the European Union . Macovei was also an independent candidate in Romania 's 2014 presidential elections ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Marian-Jean Marinescu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marian-Jean_Marinescu", "summary": "Marian-Jean Marinescu ( born August 11 , 1952 ) is a Romanian politician and member of the [ National Liberal Party ( Romania ) | ( PNL ) , part of the European People 's Party-European Democrats . Elected to the Chamber of Deputies for Dolj County , he became a Member of the European Parliament on January 2007 , with the accession of Romania to the European Union . He is a Grand Officer of the Order of the Star of Romania . Marian-Jean Marinescu has been vice-president of the PPE Group for two legislatures , chair of the PPE Working Group Budgets and Structural Policies , coordinator of the PPE working group for the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027 , Vice-Coordinator of the Transport and Tourism Commission ( TRAN ) , Vice-President of the Sky and Space Intergroup , member of the Board of Directors of the European Agency for Global Navigation Satellite Systems ( GSA ) , ambassador and founding member of the Erasmus program for entrepreneurs . In the new legislature 2019 - 2024 , Marian-Jean Marinescu continues his activity in the committees of which he was a member previously , namely : member in the Committee on Transport and Tourism ( TRAN ) , alternate member in the Committee on Industry , Research and Energy ( ITRE ) ) and an alternate member of the Committee on Budgetary Control ( CONT ) , as well as coordinator of the PPE group for transport policies . A fluent speaker of French and English , Marian-Jean Marinescu has a solid administrative experience at national level , being deputy in the Romanian Parliament , County Councilor - Dolj County Council - Municipal Councilor Local Craiova and Prefect - Dolj County Prefect Institution . During the activity , Marian-Jean Marinescu was twice awarded the MEP of the Year ( 2014 and 2016 ) , in the Research - Innovation section , the Personality of the Year Award in the field of aviation , granted by the European Business Aviation Association ( EBAA ) in 2017 , Red Arrow Award 2017 for Europe 's Essential Commitment - Future Business Austria Conference . In the 2014 - 2019 legislature Marinescu was ranked the most active Romanian MEP , with a portfolio of 15 reports as principal rapporteur , 20 alternative reports and 5 opinion reports , as well as one of the ones more influential Romanian MEPs , according to VoteWatch 's April 2019 ranking . Born in Râmnicu Vâlcea , Marinescu graduated from the Bucharest Politehnica Institute 's Faculty of Aerospace engineering in 1976 , and subsequently worked as an engineer for Avioane SA and Aviation Institute branch in Craiova . He entered politics in 1992 , as a member of the PDL ( known then as Democratic Party , PD ) , when he was elected a member of the Craiova City Council . Marinescu was elected Vice-president of the PD local section in Craiova ( 1994 ) and Dolj County ( 1997 ) , and , in 2001 , Secretary for Dolj County and Oltenia . He served as prefect of Dolj under the Romanian Democratic Convention cabinet ( 1996-2000 ) , and , after 2004 , he was a member of the Dolj County Council , before winning a seat in the 2004 legislative election on the Justice and Truth common list ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ramona Mănescu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ramona_Mănescu", "summary": "Ramona Nicole Mănescu ( born 6 December 1972 , Constanţa ) is a Romanian politician and lawyer . From 24 July 2019 to 4 November 2019 , she served as minister of Foreign Affairs in the Romanian Government . She was a Member of the European Parliament serving 2007 to 2013 and 2014 to 2019 from the National Liberal Party ( till July 2017 ) , active within the European People 's Party ( European Parliament group ) . As part of this group she is a member of the European Parliament Committee on Foreign Affairs , vice-chair in the Delegation for relations with the Mashreq countries and a substitute member in the Committee on transport and tourism and in Delegation for relations with the Arab Peninsula ." } ] }, { "value": "National Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe", "summary": "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "Iosif Matula", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iosif_Matula", "summary": "Iosif Matula ( born August 23 , 1958 ) is a Romanian engineer and politician . A member of the Democratic Liberal Party ( PD-L ) , he was a Member of the European Parliament ( MEP ) from 2009 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Norica Nicolai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norica_Nicolai", "summary": "Norica Nicolai ( born Norica Clinci ; January 27 , 1958 ) is a Romanian lawyer and politician . An independent who previously belonged to the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) and before that the Christian-Democratic National Peasants ' Party ( PNŢ-CD ) , she was a member of the Romanian Senate for Cluj County from 2000 to 2008 , and a Member of the European Parliament between 2009 and 2019 . She was at the centre of a conflict between Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu and President Traian Băsescu in early 2008 , with the latter rejecting , ultimately successfully , the former 's nomination of Nicolai to be Justice Minister . She is married and has one child ." } ] }, { "value": "National Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The National Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Național Liberal , PNL ) is a political liberal and conservative-liberal party in Romania . Refounded in 1990 , it claims the legacy of the major political party of the same name , active between 1875 and the late 1940s in the Kingdom of Romania . Based on this legacy , it often presents itself as the first formally constituted political party in the country and the oldest party from the family of European liberal parties . Until 2014 , the PNL was a member of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE ) . The party statutes adopted in June 2014 dropped any reference to international affiliation , consequently most of its MEPs joined the European People 's Party group ( EPP ) in the European Parliament . On 12 September 2014 , it was admitted as a full member of the European People 's Party , and subsequently merged with the Democratic Liberal Party . The party was also a member of the Liberal International before switching to Centrist Democrat International . Currently , it is the second-largest party in the Romanian Parliament , with 78 seats in the Chamber of Deputies and 28 in the Senate , behind the opposition Social Democratic Party ( PSD ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Group_of_the_Alliance_of_Liberals_and_Democrats_for_Europe", "summary": "The Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe ( ALDE Group ) was the liberal-centrist political group of the European Parliament from 2004 until 2019 . It was made up of MEPs from two European political parties , the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party , which collectively form the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe . The ALDE Group traced its unofficial origin back to September 1952 and the first meeting of the Parliament 's predecessor , the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community . Founded as an explicitly liberal group , it expanded its remit to cover the different traditions of each new Member State as they acceded to the Union , progressively changing its name in the process . Its immediate predecessor was the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party Group ( ELDR ) . The ALDE Group was the fourth-largest group in the Eighth European Parliament term , and previously participated in the Grand Coalition ( the coalition designed to provide a majority ) during the Sixth Parliament ( 2004-2009 ) . The pro-European platform of ALDE was in support of free market economics and pushed for European integration and the European single market . On 12 June 2019 it was announced that the successor group in alliance with La République En Marche ! would be named Renew Europe ." } ] }, { "value": "Rareş Niculescu", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Democratic Liberal Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Democratic_Liberal_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Democratic Liberal Party ( Romanian : Partidul Democrat-Liberal , PDL ) was a liberal-conservative political party in Romania . The party was formed on 15 December 2007 , when the Democratic Party ( PD ) merged with the Liberal Democratic Party ( PLD ) . On 17 November 2014 the PDL officially merged into the National Liberal Party ( PNL ) , ceasing to exist . The PDL was associated with Traian Băsescu , who was previously leader of the PD and President of Romania from 2004 to 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "Group of the European People 's Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/European_People's_Party_group", "summary": "The European People 's Party group ( EPP Group ) is a centre-right political group of the European Parliament consisting of deputies ( MEPs ) from the member parties of the European People 's Party ( EPP ) . It sometimes includes independent MEPs and/or deputies from unaffiliated national parties . The EPP Group comprises politicians of Christian-democratic , conservative and liberal-conservative orientation . The European People 's Party was officially founded as a European political party in 1976 . However , the European People 's Party group in the European Parliament has existed in one form or another since June 1953 , from the Common Assembly of the European Coal and Steel Community , making it one of the oldest European level political groups . It has been the largest political group in the European Parliament since 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ioan Mircea Paşcu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ioan_Mircea_Paşcu", "summary": "Ioan Pascu redirects here . For the actor , see Ioan Gyuri Pascu" } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] }, { "value": "Rovana Plumb", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rovana_Plumb", "summary": "Rovana Plumb ( born 22 June 1960 ) is a Romanian politician of the Social Democratic Party . She was appointed Minister of Environment and Forests ( now Minister of Environment and Climate Change ) on 7 May 2012 . From 5 March 2014 to 9 November 2015 , she was the Minister of Labor , Family , Social Protection and Elderly in the Government of Romania . [ citation needed ] In March 2015 Rovana Plumb was elected President of the National Council of PSD ." } ] }, { "value": "Social Democratic Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_(Romania)", "summary": "The Social Democratic Party ( Romanian : Partidul Social Democrat , PSD ) is the major social-democratic political party in Romania founded by Ion Iliescu , Romania 's first democratically elected president . The largest party in Parliament with initially 63 seats in the Senate and 158 seats in the Chamber of Deputies , it also has the largest number of mayors , local and county councilors and county presidents thus being the biggest and most influential political force in the country . PSD traces its origins to the Democratic National Salvation Front , a breakaway group established in 1992 from the post-communist National Salvation Front . In 1993 this merged with three other parties to become the Party of Social Democracy in Romania ( PDSR ) . The present name was adopted after a merger with the smaller Romanian Social Democratic Party ( PSDR ) in 2001 . Since its formation , it has always been one of the two dominant parties of the country . The PDSR governed Romania from 1992 to 1996 , while the PSDR was a junior coalition partner between 1996 and 2000 . The merged PSD was the senior party in the coalitions governing from 2000 to 2004 , and from March 2014 to November 2015 , as well as one of the main coalition partners between December 2008 and October 2009 ( with the Democratic Liberal Party ) and again between May 2012 and March 2014 ( as part of the Social Liberal Union ) . The party left government after Prime Minister Victor Ponta resigned in November 2015 , only to return as the senior governing party in January 2017 , after a major victory in the legislative elections . The founder of the party , Ion Iliescu , became President of the Republic , in office from the end of Communism in 1989 to 1996 , and again from 2000 to 2004 ." } ] }, { "value": "Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Progressive_Alliance_of_Socialists_and_Democrats", "summary": "The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats ( S & D ) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists ( PES ) . The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist Group on 29 June 1953 which makes it the second oldest political group in the European Parliament after the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Group ( ALDE ) . It adopted its present-day name on 23 June 2009 . Centre-left in orientation , the group mostly comprises social-democratic parties and is affiliated with the Progressive Alliance . Until the 1999 European Parliament elections , it was the largest group in the Parliament , but since then it has always been the second-largest group . During the 8th EU Parliament Assembly , the S & D was the only Parliament group with representation from all 27 EU member states . In the current EU Parliament the S & D is currently composed of 147 members from 25 member states . In the European Council , 8 out of 27 Heads of State and Government belong to the S & D Group and in the European Commission , 8 out of 27 Commissioners come from PES parties ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Members of the European Parliament -- 2009–2014", "section_text": "Further information : MEPs for Romania 2009–2014 As of 7 June 2009 , Romania is represented in the European Parliament by 33 MEPs .", "uid": "Romania_(European_Parliament_constituency)_0", "intro": "For elections in the European Union, Romania is a European Parliament constituency, currently represented by thirty-five MEPs. It covers the member state of Romania." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_North_Macedonia", "title": "List of cities in North Macedonia", "header": [ "city", "municipality", "population" ], "data": [ { "value": "Berovo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berovo", "summary": "Berovo ( Macedonian : Берово [ ˈbɛrɔvɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a small town near the Maleševo Mountains , 161 km ( 100 mi ) from Skopje , 47 km ( 29 mi ) from Strumica and 52 km ( 32 mi ) from Kočani , in North Macedonia . It is the seat of Berovo Municipality ." } ] }, { "value": "Berovo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berovo_Municipality", "summary": "Berovo ( Macedonian : Берово [ ˈbɛrɔvɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in eastern part of Republic of North Macedonia . Berovo is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . Berovo Municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "7,002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Delčevo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Delčevo", "summary": "Delčevo ( Macedonian : Делчево [ ˈdɛɫtʃɛvɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a small town in the eastern mountainous part of North Macedonia . It is the municipal seat of the eponymous municipality . A festival in celebration of Macedonian revolutionary leader Gotse Delchev is held every year on August 2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Delčevo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Delčevo_Municipality", "summary": "Delčevo Municipality ( Macedonian : Делчево [ ˈdɛɫtʃɛvɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia . The seat is found at the town of Delčevo . Delčevo Municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "11,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kočani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kočani", "summary": "Kočani ( Macedonian : Кочани [ ˈkɔtʃani ] ( listen ) ) is a town in the eastern part of North Macedonia , 120 kilometres ( 75 mi ) from Skopje . It has a population of 38,092 and is the seat of the Kočani Municipality" } ] }, { "value": "Kočani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kočani_Municipality", "summary": "Kočani ( Macedonian : Кочани [ ˈkɔtʃani ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia . Kočani is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . The municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "28,330", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Makedonska Kamenica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Makedonska_Kamenica", "summary": "Makedonska Kamenica ( Macedonian : Македонска Каменица [ maˈkɛdɔnska kaˈmɛnitsa ] ( listen ) ) is a town in the north-east of North Macedonia . It has 5,147 inhabitants , the majority of whom are ethnic Macedonians . The town is the seat of Makedonska Kamenica Municipality ." } ] }, { "value": "Makedonska Kamenica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Makedonska_Kamenica_Municipality", "summary": "Makedonska Kamenica ( Macedonian : Македонска Каменица [ maˈkɛdɔnska kaˈmɛnitsa ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in eastern North Macedonia . Makedonska Kamenica is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . The municipality is part of Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "5,147", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pehčevo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pehčevo", "summary": "Pehčevo ( Macedonian : Пехчево , [ ˈpɛxtʃɛvɔ ] ( listen ) is a small town in the eastern part of North Macedonia . It is the seat of Pehčevo Municipality . In 2002 , the town had 3,193 residents ." } ] }, { "value": "Pehčevo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pehčevo_Municipality", "summary": "Pehčevo Municipality ( Macedonian : Општина Пехчево [ ˈpɛxtʃɛvɔ ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in the eastern part of the Republic of North Macedonia . Pehčevo is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . This municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "3,237", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Probištip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Probištip", "summary": "Probištip ( Macedonian : Пробиштип [ ˈprɔbiʃtip ] ( listen ) ) is a town in North Macedonia , and seat of Probištip Municipality . The town has a population of 10,826 ." } ] }, { "value": "Probištip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Probištip_Municipality", "summary": "Probištip Municipality ( Macedonian : Општина Пробиштип [ ˈprɔbiʃtip ] ( listen ) ) is an urban municipality in eastern Republic of North Macedonia . Probištip is also the name of the city where the municipal seat is found . This municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "8,714", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Štip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Štip", "summary": "Štip ( Macedonian : Штип [ ʃtip ] ( listen ) ) is the largest urban agglomeration in the eastern part of North Macedonia , serving as the economic , industrial , entertainment and educational focal point for the surrounding municipalities . As of the 2002 census , the Štip municipality alone had a population of about 47,796 . Štip is the largest textile production center in the country ; Center of the fashion industry in North Macedonia , as well as the location of the sole public university in eastern North Macedonia , Goce Delčev University of Štip . The city of Štip is the seat of Štip Municipality ." } ] }, { "value": "Štip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Štip_Municipality", "summary": "Štip ( Macedonian : Штип [ ʃtip ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in eastern Republic of North Macedonia . Štip is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . This municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "43,652", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vinica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vinica,_Macedonia", "summary": "Vinica ( Macedonian : Виница [ ˈvinitsa ] ( listen ) ) is a town in North Macedonia , in the Eastern Statistical Region of the country . The town of Vinica is the seat of Vinica Municipality ." } ] }, { "value": "Vinica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vinica_Municipality,_Macedonia", "summary": "Vinica ( Macedonian : Виница [ ˈvinitsa ] ( listen ) ) is a municipality in eastern part of North Macedonia . Vinica is also the name of the town where the municipal seat is found . Vinica Municipality is part of the Eastern Statistical Region ." } ] }, { "value": "10,863", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Settlements by region -- Eastern Region", "section_text": "Map of the Eastern Region .", "uid": "List_of_cities_in_the_Republic_of_Macedonia_3", "intro": "This is a list of cities and towns in North Macedonia. In the country there are 34 cities, of which 5 have population of over 50,000 and 12 towns with population of under 10,000 people. The capital city, Skopje, is home to around 25% of the total population of the country. As of 2002, 59.5% of the population lived in urban areas. Twelve towns in North Macedonia have population under 10,000: Demir Hisar (2,593), Pehčevo (3,237), Demir Kapija (3,275), Makedonski Brod (3,740), Valandovo (4,402), Makedonska Kamenica (5,147), Kruševo (5,330), Bogdanci (6,011), Kratovo (6,924), Berovo (7,002), Probištip (8,714) and Resen (8,748). These towns are officially called cities, but they are often called as small towns (гратчиња, gratčinja), because of the size of the population. In North Macedonia there are only 5 cities with population of over 50,000: Skopje (506,926), Bitola (74,550), Kumanovo (70,842), Prilep (66,246) and Tetovo (86,580). These are the largest cities in the country. Seventeen towns in North Macedonia have population between 10,000 and 50,000: Veles (43,716), Štip (43,652), Ohrid (42,033), Gostivar (35,847), Strumica (35,311), Kavadarci (29,188), Kočani (28,330), Kičevo (27,067), Struga (16,559), Radoviš (16,223), Gevgelija (15,685), Debar (14,561), Kriva Palanka (14,558), Sveti Nikole (13,746), Negotino (13,284), Delčevo (11,500) and Vinica (10,863). These towns are often referred to as cities of medium size." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_South_Korean_films_of_2012", "title": "List of South Korean films of 2012", "header": [ "Released", "English title", "Korean title", "Director", "Cast" ], "data": [ { "value": "5 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wonderful Radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wonderful_Radio", "summary": "Wonderful Radio ( Korean : 원더풀 라디오 ; RR : Wondeopul Radio , also known as Love On-Air ) is a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film , starring Lee Min-jung and Lee Jung-jin . It is about a has-been pop star who is now a radio DJ struggling to boost listener ratings . It was released in theaters on January 5 , 2012 by distributor Showbox/Mediaplex , and ran for 120 minutes ." } ] }, { "value": "원더풀 라디오", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kwon Chil-in", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Min-jung , Lee Jung-jin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Min-jung", "summary": "Lee Min-jung ( Korean : 이민정 ; born February 16 , 1982 ) is a South Korean actress . She began her career in Jang Jin 's stage plays , and for a few years appeared in supporting roles on film and television . She became known after her appearance in Boys Over Flowers ( 2009 ) , and landed her first lead role in family drama Smile , You ( 2009 ) . Lee achieved widespread recognition for her leading role in the romantic comedy Cyrano Agency ( 2010 ) . She also starred in Wonderful Radio ( 2012 ) , Big ( 2012 ) , Cunning Single Lady ( 2014 ) and Come Back Mister ( 2016 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Jung-jin", "summary": "Lee Jung-jin , ( born May 25 , 1978 ) is a South Korean actor ." } ] }, { "value": "12 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jesus Hospital", "urls": [] }, { "value": "밍크코트", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Sang-cheol , Shin A-ga", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hwang Jeong-min , Kim Mi-hyang , Han Song-hee", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Outback", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Outback_(2012_film)", "summary": "Koala Kid ( also known as Outback or The Outback ) is a 2012 South Korean-American computer-animated action comedy film directed by Kyung Ho Lee . It was released in South Korea on January 12 , 2012 . The movie takes place in Australia ." } ] }, { "value": "코알라 키드 : 영웅의 탄생", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Kyung-ho", "urls": [] }, { "value": "( Korean dubbed ) Lee Taemin , Sunny", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Korean_language", "summary": "The Korean language ( South Korean : 한국어/韓國語 hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선말/朝鮮말 chosŏn-mal ) is an East Asian language spoken by about 77 million people . It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of both Koreas : North Korea and South Korea , with different standardized official forms used in each country . It is a recognised minority language in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin province , China . It is also spoken in parts of Sakhalin , Russia , and Central Asia . Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate ; however , it does have a few extinct relatives , which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language ( spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct ) form the Koreanic language family . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)", "summary": "Dubbing , mixing , or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are mixed with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack . The process usually takes place on a dub stage . After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks - dialogue , automated dialogue replacement ( ADR ) , effects , Foley , music - the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack . Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR , [ further explanation needed ] also known as additional dialogue replacement , [ clarification needed ] automated dialogue recording and looping , in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments . Outside the film industry , the term dubbing commonly refers to the replacement of the actor 's voices with those of different performers speaking another language , which is called revoicing in the film industry ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Taemin", "summary": "Lee Tae-min ( born July 18 , 1993 ) , better known by the mononym Taemin , is a South Korean singer , songwriter , actor , and dancer . He debuted at age 14 as a vocalist with the group Shinee in May 2008 , and has since gone on to become one of the best-selling artists in Korea . He began his acting career in 2009 with MBC 's comedy Tae-Hee , Hye-Kyo , Ji-Hyun as Junsu . He is also a member of SM Entertainment supergroup , SuperM . Taemin began his solo career in 2014 with his first extended play , Ace . It peaked at number one on South Korea 's Gaon Album Chart and its title track reached number 5 on the Gaon Weekly Digital Chart . His first studio album , Press It ( 2016 ) , charted at number one on the Gaon Album Chart . The title track , Press Your Number , was originally written by Bruno Mars but Taemin wrote new lyrics for the song in order to appeal to the Korean market . In July , 2016 , Taemin released his second extended play , Solitary Goodbye , and made his solo debut in Japan . In 2017 , Taemin released his second full Korean album , Move ; the title track gained attention thanks to its distinctive choreography . Move-ing , the repackaged album , followed on December 10 , 2017 with the self-written Day and Night as the title track . In 2018 , Taemin released his first full Japanese album , Taemin , which coincided with his first hall tour in Japan ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sunny_(singer)", "summary": "Lee Soon-gyu ( born May 15 , 1989 ) , known professionally as Sunny , is an American singer and entertainer based in South Korea . She debuted as a member of girl group Girls ' Generation ( and later its subgroup Girls ' Generation-Oh ! GG ) in August 2007 , which went on to become one of the best-selling artists in South Korea and one of South Korea 's most popular girl groups worldwide . Apart from her group 's activities , Sunny has participated in numerous side projects including original soundtracks , television variety shows , musical acting and radio hosting ." } ] }, { "value": "18 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dancing Queen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dancing_Queen_(2012_film)", "summary": "Dancing Queen ( Korean : 댄싱퀸 ; RR : Daensing Kwin ) is 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film starring Uhm Jung-hwa and Hwang Jung-min . The film tells a story of a married couple , who in the midst of their mundane lives decides to pursue their lost dreams . The husband finds himself accidentally running for Mayor of Seoul and his wife decides to become a pop singer . It was produced by JK Film and distributed by CJ Entertainment , and released on January 18 , 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "댄싱 퀸", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Seok-hoon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Seok-hoon", "summary": "Lee Seok-hoon ( born January 6 , 1972 ) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter . Lee began his directorial debut with the high school comedy See You After School ( 2006 ) , followed by romantic comedy Two Faces of My Girlfriend ( 2007 ) - both films starring Bong Tae-gyu as the leading role . His romantic comedy Dancing Queen ( 2012 ) was a commercial success with over four million admissions and the period adventure film The Pirates ( 2014 ) , starring Son Ye-jin and Kim Nam-gil , was also a hit with more than 8.6 million admissions at the end of its run ." } ] }, { "value": "Uhm Jung-hwa , Hwang Jung-min", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uhm_Jung-hwa", "summary": "Uhm Jung-hwa ( Korean : 엄정화 ; born August 17 , 1969 ) is a South Korean singer , actress and dancer . Nicknamed the evergreen , Uhm is considered to be one of the most influential women in the Korean entertainment industry , with many female artists recognizing her as a role model . Uhm began her career in 1987 as a chorus member for the broadcasting company MBC . She made her film debut in the 1992 film Marriage Story , and released her first studio album , Sorrowful Secret , that same year . The album 's lead single , Pupil ( 눈동자 ) , helped to establish her unique image . Uhm 's fourth studio album was a huge success , bolstered by the singles Poison and its title track , Invitation . Her signature songs include Rose of Betrayal , Molla , Festival and Dagara . Following a nearly decade-long hiatus from music , Uhm released her tenth studio album The Cloud Dream of the Nine in 2017 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hwang_Jung-min", "summary": "Hwang Jung-min ( born September 1 , 1970 ) is a South Korean actor . He is one of the highest-grossing actors in South Korea , and has starred in several box office hits such as Ode to My Father ( 2014 ) , Veteran ( 2015 ) , The Himalayas ( 2015 ) , A Violent Prosecutor ( 2015 ) and The Wailing ( 2016 ) . Hwang is the third actor in South Korea to be part of the 100 Million Viewer Club in Chungmuro ." } ] }, { "value": "18 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Never Ending Story", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Never_Ending_Story_(2012_film)", "summary": "Never Ending Story ( Korean : 네버엔딩 스토리 ; RR : Ne-beo-en-ding-seu-to-ri ) is a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film directed by Jung Yong-joo . Uhm Tae-woong and Jung Ryeo-won star as a mismatched couple who meet at a hospital where they have both been diagnosed with terminal illnesses and decide to spend the rest of their lives together ." } ] }, { "value": "네버 엔딩 스토리", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jung Yong-ju", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uhm Tae-woong , Jung Ryeo-won", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uhm_Tae-woong", "summary": "Uhm Tae-woong ( born April 5 , 1974 ) is a South Korean actor . He made his acting debut in 1998 , but initially struggled to emerge from under the shadow of his older sister , popular singer-actress Uhm Jung-hwa . After several years of small roles and work in one-act dramas , Uhm began to gain recognition after his villainous turn in the romantic comedy Delightful Girl Choon-Hyang . In 2005 , he made his breakthrough in the critically acclaimed Resurrection , followed by another revenge-themed series The Devil in 2007 . Since then , he has starred in diverse leading roles on film and television , notably in Forever the Moment ( 2008 ) , Chaw ( 2009 ) , Cyrano Agency ( 2010 ) , Architecture 101 ( 2012 ) , and Man from the Equator ( 2012 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jung_Ryeo-won", "summary": "Jung Ryeo-won ( born January 21 , 1981 ) is a Korean Australian actress . She began her entertainment career as a singer in the now-defunct girl group Chakra , and first rose to fame in the hit television series My Name Is Kim Sam-soon . She is also known for her roles in Two Faces of My Girlfriend , Castaway on the Moon , and History of a Salaryman ." } ] }, { "value": "18 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pacemaker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pacemaker_(film)", "summary": "Pacemaker ( Korean : 페이스메이커 ; RR : Peiseumeikeo ) is a 2012 South Korean sports drama film . This was director Kim Dal-joong 's feature film debut ; he had previously directed stage musicals . Pacemaker received three nominations at the 49th Grand Bell Awards ( Best Actor , Best New Director , and Best New Actress ) ." } ] }, { "value": "페이스메이커", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Dal-joong", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Myung-min , Ahn Sung-ki , Go Ara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kim_Myung-min", "summary": "Kim Myung-min ( Korean : 김명민 , born October 8 , 1972 ) is a South Korean actor . He is best known for his leading roles in the television series Immortal Admiral Yi Sun-shin ( 2004 ) , White Tower ( 2007 ) , Beethoven Virus ( 2008 ) , and Six Flying Dragons ( 2015-2016 ) , as well as the films Closer to Heaven ( 2009 ) and the Detective K film series ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ahn_Sung-ki", "summary": "Ahn Sung-ki ( born January 1 , 1952 ) is a South Korean actor . One of the country 's most respected actors , he has appeared in more than 130 films during his career of over 60 years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Go_Ara", "summary": "Go Ara ( Korean : 고아라 ; born February 11 , 1990 ) is a South Korean actress and model . She is best known for starring in the television series Sharp ( 2003 ) , Reply 1994 ( 2013 ) , You 're All Surrounded ( 2014 ) , Hwarang : The Poet Warrior Youth ( 2016-17 ) , Black ( 2017 ) and Ms. Hammurabi ( 2018 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "18 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unbowed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Unbowed", "summary": "Unbowed ( Korean : 부러진 화살 ; RR : Bureojin Hwasal ; lit . Broken Arrow ) is a 2011 South Korean courtroom drama film starring Ahn Sung-ki and Park Won-sang . It was inspired by the true story of Kim Myung-ho , a math professor who was arrested for shooting a crossbow at the presiding judge of his appeal against wrongful dismissal . This was director Chung Ji-young 's first film after a 13-year hiatus and it received a 13-minute ovation at its 2011 Busan International Film Festival premiere . Unbowed was produced and distributed by Aura Pictures on a low budget of ₩1.5 billion which included marketing and ₩500 million for production . Ji-yeong said making the film would not have been possible without the actors ' willingness to work for very little pay , commending their passion . After it was released in theaters on January 18 , 2012 , the outrage resonated with South Korean viewers , and word of mouth turned it into an unexpected box office hit with 3.4 million tickets sold ." } ] }, { "value": "부러진 화살", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chung Ji-young", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chung_Ji-young", "summary": "Chung Ji-young ( born November 19 , 1946 ) is a South Korean film director and screenwriter . Among his most well-known films are North Korean Partisan in South Korea ( 1990 ) , White Badge ( 1992 ) , Life and Death of the Hollywood Kid ( 1994 ) , Unbowed ( 2012 ) and National Security ( 2012 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Ahn Sung-ki , Park Won-sang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ahn_Sung-ki", "summary": "Ahn Sung-ki ( born January 1 , 1952 ) is a South Korean actor . One of the country 's most respected actors , he has appeared in more than 130 films during his career of over 60 years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Park_Won-sang", "summary": "Park Won-sang ( born January 20 , 1970 ) is a South Korean actor ." } ] }, { "value": "26 January", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Speckles : The Tarbosaurus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Dino_King", "summary": "Speckles the Tarbosaurus ( 점박이 : 한반도의 공룡 3D : Jumbagi : Hanbandoui gongryong 3D ) is a 2012 3D South Korean computer-generated epic adventure drama film directed by Han Sang-Ho . The film was released under the title The Dino King in the United States . The Dino King was released alongside a documentary that serves as prequel , Tarbosaurus : The Mightiest Ever , and is followed by Dino King 3D : Journey to Fire Mountain , both also being directed by Han Sang-Ho ." } ] }, { "value": "점박이 : 한반도의 공룡", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Han Sang-ho", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Hyung-suk , Shin Yong-woo , Gu Ja-hyeong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Hyung-suk", "summary": "Lee Hyung-Suk ( born September 9 , 2000 ) is a South Korean actor . He began his career as a child actor ." } ] }, { "value": "1 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Papa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Papa_(2012_South_Korean_film)", "summary": "Papa ( Korean : 파파 ; RR : Papa ) is a 2012 South Korean comedy-drama film written and directed by Han Ji-seung . Park Yong-woo stars as a talent manager who persuades his step-daughter from a contract marriage , played by Go Ara , to audition for a reality TV show in the United States . Go Ara was nominated for Best New Actress at the 48th Baeksang Arts Awards , the 21st Buil Film Awards , and the 33rd Blue Dragon Film Awards in 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "파파", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Han Ji-seung", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Park Yong-woo , Go Ara", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Park_Yong-woo", "summary": "Park Yong-woo ( born March 16 , 1971 ) is a South Korean actor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Go_Ara", "summary": "Go Ara ( Korean : 고아라 ; born February 11 , 1990 ) is a South Korean actress and model . She is best known for starring in the television series Sharp ( 2003 ) , Reply 1994 ( 2013 ) , You 're All Surrounded ( 2014 ) , Hwarang : The Poet Warrior Youth ( 2016-17 ) , Black ( 2017 ) and Ms. Hammurabi ( 2018 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nameless Gangster : Rules of the Time", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nameless_Gangster:_Rules_of_the_Time", "summary": "Nameless Gangster : Rules of the Time ( Korean : 범죄와의 전쟁 : 나쁜놈들 전성시대 ; RR : Beomjoewaui Jeonjaeng : Nappeunnomdeul Jeonseongsidae ; literally : War on Crime : The Golden Age of the Bad Guys ) is a 2012 South Korean gangster film directed by Yoon Jong-bin starring Choi Min-sik and Ha Jung-woo . The film is set in the 1980s and 90s in Busan when corruption and crime was so rampant that the government declared war on it in 1990 . Time praised the film , calling it the Korean mob film Martin Scorsese would be proud of ." } ] }, { "value": "범죄와의 전쟁", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoon Jong-bin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoon_Jong-bin", "summary": "Yoon Jong-bin ( born December 20 , 1979 ) is a South Korean film director ." } ] }, { "value": "Choi Min-sik , Ha Jung-woo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Choi_Min-sik", "summary": "Choi Min-sik ( born May 30 , 1962 ) is a South Korean actor . He is best known for his critically acclaimed roles in Oldboy ( 2003 ) , I Saw the Devil ( 2010 ) , and The Admiral : Roaring Currents ( 2014 ) . He also starred alongside Scarlett Johansson in the 2014 film Lucy . His critically acclaimed film Oldboy ( 2003 ) won him the Best Actor prize in three prestigious award ceremonies : 40th Baeksang Art Awards , 24th Blue Dragon Awards and 41st Grand Bell Awards ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ha_Jung-woo", "summary": "Ha Jung-woo ( Korean : 하정우 ; born Kim Sung-hoon on March 11 , 1978 ) is a South Korean actor , film director , screenwriter and film producer . One of the highest grossing actors in South Korea , Ha 's starring films have accumulated more than 100 million tickets . Only 3 other actors have reached this milestone , with Ha being nearly a decade younger than the rest when achieving this . His breakthrough to stardom came with the role in Na Hong-jin 's serial killer film The Chaser ( 2008 ) . One of the leading actors of his generation in Korean cinema , Ha showcased his versatility across films of various genres : road movie My Dear Enemy ( 2008 ) , sports film Take Off ( 2009 ) , action thriller The Yellow Sea ( 2010 ) , gangster saga Nameless Gangster : Rules of the Time ( 2012 ) , romantic comedy Love Fiction ( 2012 ) , spy actioner The Berlin File ( 2013 ) , and action thriller The Terror Live ( 2013 ) . Ha is also known for his role as grim reaper Gang-rim in the fantasy action film Along with the Gods : The Two Worlds ( 2017 ) and its 2018 sequel . He made his directorial debut through the comedy film Fasten Your Seatbelt ( 2013 ) , followed by Chronicle of a Blood Merchant ( 2015 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "2 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2 Lines", "urls": [] }, { "value": "두 개의 선", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jimin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Howling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Howling_(2012_film)", "summary": "Howling ( Korean : 하울링 ; RR : Haulling ; MR : Haŏulring ) is a 2012 South Korean film written and directed by Yoo Ha based on the 1996 novel The Hunter ( 凍える牙 lit . Freezing Fang ) by Japanese writer Asa Nonami . The plot follows two detectives , a veteran male cop ( Song Kang-ho ) and female rookie ( Lee Na-young ) , who discover that the serial killer they are after is not human , but instead a dog ." } ] }, { "value": "하울링", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoo Ha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoo_Ha", "summary": "Yoo Ha ( Korean : 유하 ; or spelled Yu Ha ; born February 9 , 1963 ) is a South Korean film director , screenwriter and a contemporary poet . He directed the critically acclaimed films Marriage Is a Crazy Thing ( 2002 ) , Once Upon a Time in High School ( 2004 ) , and A Dirty Carnival ( 2006 ) . The latter is a gangster movie with allusions to Martin Scorsese films like Gangs of New York , Mean Streets and Goodfellas ." } ] }, { "value": "Song Kang-ho , Lee Na-young", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Song_Kang-ho", "summary": "Song Kang-ho ( Hangul : 송강호 , Korean pronunciation : [ soːŋ.kɐŋɦo ] ; born 17 January 1967 ) is a South Korean actor who rose to international prominence for his performances in Snowpiercer ( 2013 ) and Parasite ( 2019 ) , the latter of which won the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and the Academy Award for Best Picture . Song made his debut as a movie actor in The Day a Pig Fell into the Well in 1996 , and came to national prominence with a series of critically acclaimed performances , including No . 3 , Joint Security Area , Memories of Murder , The Host , and A Taxi Driver ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Lee_Na-young", "summary": "Lee Na-young ( Korean : 이나영 ; RR : Yi Nayeong ; born February 22 , 1979 ) is a South Korean actress . She is best known for her leading roles in TV Series Ruler of Your Own World ( 2002 ) and Ireland ( 2004 ) and film Someone Special ( 2004 ) and Maundy Thursday ( 2006 ) . Aside from acting , Lee is also known for appearing in numerous commercials ." } ] }, { "value": "23 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Angel 's Breath", "urls": [] }, { "value": "천사의 숨소리", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Han Ji-won", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Yeong-seon , Han Ji-won", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bolts and Blip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bolts_and_Blip", "summary": "Bolts and Blip is a Canadian-South Korean computer-animated television series aired on Teletoon from 2010 to 2011 . The show has also aired on 3net at 10:30 am on Sundays , and The CW 's Saturday morning block , Vortexx , from July 13 , 2013 at 8:30 a.m ." } ] }, { "value": "볼츠와 블립", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peter Lepeniotis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peter_Lepeniotis", "summary": "Peter Lepeniotis ( born 1967 ) is a Canadian animator , film director , screenwriter and producer of Greek descent . He is best known for his 2005 animated short Surly Squirrel . He adapted the short into a full-length feature film , The Nut Job , which Lepeniotis co-wrote and directed . It was released theatrically on January 17 , 2014 by Open Road Films and The Weinstein Company . Due to the film 's success at the box office , Lepeniotis and the team at ToonBox Entertainment ( the studio that produced Lepeniotis 's feature film ) greenlit a sequel , The Nut Job 2 : Nutty by Nature , which was released on August 11 , 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "( Korean dubbed ) Kim Il , Choi Jeong-ho", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Korean_language", "summary": "The Korean language ( South Korean : 한국어/韓國語 hanguk-eo ; North Korean : 조선말/朝鮮말 chosŏn-mal ) is an East Asian language spoken by about 77 million people . It is a member of the Koreanic language family and is the official and national language of both Koreas : North Korea and South Korea , with different standardized official forms used in each country . It is a recognised minority language in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture and Changbai Korean Autonomous County of Jilin province , China . It is also spoken in parts of Sakhalin , Russia , and Central Asia . Historical and modern linguists classify Korean as a language isolate ; however , it does have a few extinct relatives , which together with Korean itself and the Jeju language ( spoken in the Jeju Province and considered somewhat distinct ) form the Koreanic language family . The linguistic homeland of Korean is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)", "summary": "Dubbing , mixing , or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are mixed with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack . The process usually takes place on a dub stage . After sound editors edit and prepare all the necessary tracks - dialogue , automated dialogue replacement ( ADR ) , effects , Foley , music - the dubbing mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack . Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR , [ further explanation needed ] also known as additional dialogue replacement , [ clarification needed ] automated dialogue recording and looping , in which the original actors re-record and synchronize audio segments . Outside the film industry , the term dubbing commonly refers to the replacement of the actor 's voices with those of different performers speaking another language , which is called revoicing in the film industry ." } ] }, { "value": "29 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Comic Book Store 3D", "urls": [] }, { "value": "만화방3D", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Heo Jae-hyeong", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Eun-mi , Jung Yi-kyul", "urls": [] }, { "value": "29 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Love Fiction", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Love_Fiction", "summary": "Love Fiction ( Korean : 러브 픽션 ; RR : Leobeu Piksieon ) is a 2012 South Korean romantic comedy film written and directed by Jeon Kye-soo , and starring Ha Jung-woo and Gong Hyo-jin ." } ] }, { "value": "러브픽션", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jeon Kye-soo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ha Jung-woo , Gong Hyo-jin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ha_Jung-woo", "summary": "Ha Jung-woo ( Korean : 하정우 ; born Kim Sung-hoon on March 11 , 1978 ) is a South Korean actor , film director , screenwriter and film producer . One of the highest grossing actors in South Korea , Ha 's starring films have accumulated more than 100 million tickets . Only 3 other actors have reached this milestone , with Ha being nearly a decade younger than the rest when achieving this . His breakthrough to stardom came with the role in Na Hong-jin 's serial killer film The Chaser ( 2008 ) . One of the leading actors of his generation in Korean cinema , Ha showcased his versatility across films of various genres : road movie My Dear Enemy ( 2008 ) , sports film Take Off ( 2009 ) , action thriller The Yellow Sea ( 2010 ) , gangster saga Nameless Gangster : Rules of the Time ( 2012 ) , romantic comedy Love Fiction ( 2012 ) , spy actioner The Berlin File ( 2013 ) , and action thriller The Terror Live ( 2013 ) . Ha is also known for his role as grim reaper Gang-rim in the fantasy action film Along with the Gods : The Two Worlds ( 2017 ) and its 2018 sequel . He made his directorial debut through the comedy film Fasten Your Seatbelt ( 2013 ) , followed by Chronicle of a Blood Merchant ( 2015 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gong_Hyo-jin", "summary": "Gong Hyo-jin ( born April 4 , 1980 ) is a South Korean actress . She is best known for her leading role in the film Crush and Blush ( 2008 ) , as well as for her popular television series Sang Doo ! Let 's Go to School ( 2003 ) , Thank You ( 2007 ) , Pasta ( 2010 ) , The Greatest Love ( 2011 ) , Master 's Sun ( 2013 ) , It 's Okay , That 's Love ( 2014 ) , The Producers ( 2015 ) , Do n't Dare to Dream ( 2016 ) and When the Camellia Blooms ( 2019 ) . She is considered to be the queen of romantic comedies due to her successful portrayals in her rom-com dramas ." } ] }, { "value": "29 February", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Welcome Back to the Beast Airline 3D", "urls": [] }, { "value": "비스트 앵콜 콘서트 3D", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Son Seok", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Beast", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Beast_(South_Korean_band)", "summary": "Highlight ( Korean : 하이라이트 ) is a South Korean boy band formerly known as Beast ( Korean : 비스트 ) . The band consists of four members : Yoon Doo-joon , Yang Yo-seob , Lee Gi-kwang , and Son Dong-woon . Original member Jang Hyun-seung officially left the group in April 2016 , and Yong Jun-hyung left in March 2019 . In late 2016 , the group moved labels from Cube Entertainment to Around Us Entertainment and subsequently changed their name to Highlight in 2017 . As Beast , the group released three Korean full-length albums , nine Korean mini-albums , two Japanese full-length albums , and numerous singles . The group debuted in 2009 with the mini-album , Beast Is the B2ST . In 2011 , they released their first full-length album , Fiction and Fact , and made their Japanese debut with the single , Shock ( Japanese Version ) . As Highlight , the group debuted in 2017 with the mini-album , Can You Feel It ? . Beast initially received attention for the lack of industry success previously experienced by its members , with media outlets referring to them as a group of recycled material . However , the group has achieved significant commercial success and critical accolades and is one of the most awarded groups of all time at the Golden Disk Awards , the Seoul Music Awards , and the Melon Music Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "1 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hoya ( Eighteen and Nineteen )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "열여덟 , 열아홉", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bae Kwang-su", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yoo Yeon-seok , Baek Jin-hee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yoo_Yeon-seok", "summary": "Yoo Yeon-seok ( born Ahn Yeon-seok on April 11 , 1984 ) is a South Korean actor . After making his acting debut in 2003 with a small role in Oldboy , he resumed his acting career in 2008 . His notable works include the films Re-encounter ( 2011 ) , Architecture 101 ( 2012 ) , A Werewolf Boy ( 2012 ) and Whistle Blower ( 2014 ) , Perfect Proposal ( 2015 ) , Mood of the Day ( 2016 ) as well as the television series Reply 1994 ( 2013 ) , Warm and Cozy ( 2015 ) , Dr . Romantic ( 2016 ) and Mr. Sunshine ( 2018 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Baek_Jin-hee", "summary": "Baek Jin-hee ( born February 8 , 1990 ) is a South Korean actress . She began to be known for her role in High Kick : Revenge of the Short Legged ( 2011-2012 ) and rose to prominence for her role in Empress Ki ( 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stateless Things", "urls": [] }, { "value": "줄탁동시", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Kyung-mook", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lee Paul , Yeom Hyun-joon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8 March", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Choked", "urls": [] }, { "value": "가시", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Joong-hyeon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uhm Tae-goo , Park Se-jin , Kil Hae-yeon", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Released films", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_South_Korean_films_of_2012_0", "intro": "This is a list of South Korean films that received a domestic theatrical release in 2012." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World's_Billionaires", "title": "The World's Billionaires", "header": [ "No", "Name", "Net worth ( USD )", "Age", "Nationality", "Source ( s ) of wealth" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carlos Slim & family", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carlos_Slim", "summary": "Carlos Slim Helú ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkaɾlos ezˈlim eˈlu ] ; born 28 January 1940 in Mexico City ) is a Mexican business tycoon , investor , philanthropist , and engineer . From 2010 to 2013 , Slim was ranked as the richest person in the world by the Forbes business magazine . He derived his fortune from his extensive holdings in a considerable number of Mexican companies through his conglomerate , Grupo Carso . As of February 2020 , he is the fifth-richest person in the world according to Forbes ' listing of The World 's Billionaires , with he and his family having a net worth estimated at $ 68.9 billion . He is the richest person in Latin America . His conglomerate includes education , health care , industrial manufacturing , transportation , real estate , media , energy , hospitality , entertainment , high-technology , retail , sports and financial services . He accounts for 40% of the listings on the Mexican Stock Exchange , while his net worth is equivalent to about 6 percent of Mexico 's gross domestic product . As of 2016 , he is the largest single shareholder of The New York Times Company ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 74.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "71", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mexico", "summary": "Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes ." } ] }, { "value": "América Móvil , Grupo Carso", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/América_Móvil", "summary": "América Móvil is a Mexican telecommunications corporation headquartered in Mexico City , Mexico . It is the seventh largest mobile network operator in terms of equity subscribers and one of the largest corporations in the world . América Móvil is a Forbes Global 2000 company . As of Q1 , 2019 , América Móvil had 277.4 million wireless subscribers , and 84.3 million fixed revenue generating units ( RGUs , consisting of fixed voice , fixed data and PayTV units ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Grupo_Carso", "summary": "Grupo Carso or Grupo Sanborns SAB is a Mexican global conglomerate company owned by Carlos Slim . It was formed in 1990 after the merger of Corporación Industrial Carso and Grupo Inbursa . The name Carso stands for Carlos Slim and Soumaya Domit de Slim , his late wife . In May 2014 , the conglomerate had a stock market capitalisation of over $ 12 billion US dollars . In 1996 Carso Global Telecom ( which includes Telmex , Telcel and América Móvil ) separated itself from Grupo Carso ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bill Gates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bill_Gates", "summary": "William Henry Gates III ( born October 28 , 1955 ) is an American business magnate , software developer , investor , and philanthropist . He is best known as the co-founder of Microsoft Corporation . During his career at Microsoft , Gates held the positions of chairman , chief executive officer ( CEO ) , president and chief software architect , while also being the largest individual shareholder until May 2014 . He is one of the best-known entrepreneurs and pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s . Born and raised in Seattle , Washington , Gates co-founded Microsoft with childhood friend Paul Allen in 1975 in Albuquerque , New Mexico ; it went on to become the world 's largest personal computer software company . [ a ] Gates led the company as chairman and CEO until stepping down as CEO in January 2000 , but he remained chairman and became chief software architect . During the late 1990s , Gates had been criticized for his business tactics , which have been considered anti-competitive . This opinion has been upheld by numerous court rulings . In June 2006 , Gates announced that he would be transitioning to a part-time role at Microsoft and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , the private charitable foundation that he and his wife , Melinda Gates , established in 2000 . He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie and Craig Mundie . He stepped down as chairman of Microsoft in February 2014 and assumed a new post as technology adviser to support the newly appointed CEO Satya Nadella . Since 1987 , he has been included in the Forbes list of the world 's wealthiest documented individuals ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 56.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Microsoft", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Microsoft", "summary": "Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond , Washington . It develops , manufactures , licenses , supports , and sells computer software , consumer electronics , personal computers , and related services . Its best known software products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems , the Microsoft Office suite , and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers . Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers . In 2016 , it was the world 's largest software maker by revenue ( currently Alphabet/Google has more revenue ) . The word Microsoft is a portmanteau of microcomputer and software . Microsoft is ranked No . 30 in the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4 , 1975 , to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 . It rose to dominate the personal computer operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s , followed by Microsoft Windows . The company 's 1986 initial public offering ( IPO ) , and subsequent rise in its share price , created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees . Since the 1990s , it has increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions , their largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $ 26.2 billion in December 2016 , followed by their acquisition of Skype Technologies for $ 8.5 billion in May 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Warren Buffett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Warren_Buffett", "summary": "Warren Edward Buffett ( /ˈbʌfɪt/ ; born August 30 , 1930 ) is an American business magnate , investor , and philanthropist , who is the chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway . He is considered one of the most successful investors in the world and has a net worth of US $ 88.9 billion as of December 2019 , making him the fourth-wealthiest person in the world . Buffett was born in Omaha , Nebraska . He developed an interest in business and investing in his youth , eventually entering the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 before transferring and graduating from the University of Nebraska at the age of 19 . He went on to graduate from Columbia Business School , where he molded his investment philosophy around the concept of value investing that was pioneered by Benjamin Graham . He attended New York Institute of Finance to focus his economics background and soon after began various business partnerships , including one with Graham . He created Buffett Partnership , Ltd in 1956 and his firm eventually acquired a textile manufacturing firm called Berkshire Hathaway , assuming its name to create a diversified holding company . In 1978 , Charlie Munger joined Buffett and became vice chairman of the company . Buffett has been the chairman and largest shareholder of Berkshire Hathaway since 1970 . He has been referred to as the Oracle or Sage of Omaha by global media outlets . He is noted for his adherence to value investing and for his personal frugality despite his immense wealth . Research published at the University of Oxford characterizes Buffett 's investment methodology as falling within founder centrism - defined by a deference to managers with a founder 's mindset , an ethical disposition towards the shareholder collective , and an intense focus on exponential value creation ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 50.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "80", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Berkshire Hathaway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Berkshire_Hathaway", "summary": "Berkshire Hathaway is an American multinational conglomerate holding company headquartered in Omaha , Nebraska , United States . The company wholly owns GEICO , Duracell , Dairy Queen , BNSF , Lubrizol , Fruit of the Loom , Helzberg Diamonds , Long & Foster , FlightSafety International , Pampered Chef , Forest River and NetJets , and also owns 38.6% of Pilot Flying J ; 26.7% of the Kraft Heinz Company , and significant minority holdings in American Express ( 17.6% ) , Wells Fargo ( 9.9% ) , The Coca-Cola Company ( 9.4% ) , Bank of America ( 6.8% ) , and Apple ( 5.22% ) . Since 2016 , the company has acquired large holdings in the major US airline carriers , and is currently the largest shareholder in United Airlines and Delta Air Lines , and a top three shareholder in Southwest Airlines and American Airlines . Berkshire Hathaway has averaged an annual growth in book value of 19.0% to its shareholders since 1965 ( compared to 9.7% from the S & P 500 with dividends included for the same period ) , while employing large amounts of capital , and minimal debt . The company is known for its control and leadership by Warren Buffett , who serves as chairman and chief executive , and by Charlie Munger , the company 's vice-chairman . In the early part of his career at Berkshire , Buffett focused on long-term investments in publicly traded companies , but more recently he has more frequently bought whole companies . Berkshire now owns a diverse range of businesses including confectionery , retail , railroads , home furnishings , encyclopedias , manufacturers of vacuum cleaners , jewelry sales , manufacture and distribution of uniforms , and several regional electric and gas utilities . According to the Forbes Global 2000 list and formula , Berkshire Hathaway is the third largest public company in the world , the tenth largest conglomerate by revenue and the largest financial services company by revenue in the world . As of February 2020 , Berkshire 's Class B stock is the seventh-largest component of the S & P 500 Index ( which is based on free-float market capitalization ) and the company is famous for having the most expensive share price in history with Class A shares costing around $ 340,000 each . This is because there has never been a stock split in its Class A shares and Buffett stated in a 1984 letter to shareholders that he does not intend to split the stock ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bernard Arnault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bernard_Arnault", "summary": "Bernard Jean Étienne Arnault ( French : [ bɛʁnaʁ ʒɑ̃ etjɛn aʁno ] ; born 5 March 1949 ) is a French billionaire business magnate , and art collector . Arnault is the chairman and chief executive of LVMH Moët Hennessy - Louis Vuitton SE , LVMH , the world 's largest luxury-goods company . In April 2018 , he became the richest person in fashion , topping Zara 's Amancio Ortega ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 41.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "62", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "LVMH Moët Hennessy • Louis Vuitton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LVMH", "summary": "LVMH Moët Hennessy - Louis Vuitton SE ( French pronunciation : ​ [ moɛt‿ɛnɛsi lwi vɥitɔ̃ ] ) , also known as LVMH , is a French multinational luxury goods conglomerate headquartered in Paris ( France ) . The company was formed in 1987 under the merger of fashion house Louis Vuitton with Moët Hennessy , a company formed after the 1971 merger between the champagne producer Moët & Chandon and Hennessy , the cognac manufacturer . It controls around 60 subsidiaries that each manage a small number of prestigious brands . The subsidiaries are often managed independently . The oldest of the LVMH brands is wine producer Château d'Yquem , which dates its origins back to 1593 . In November 2019 , LVMH acquired Tiffany & Co. for approximately US $ 16.2 billion . The deal was expected to close by June 2020 . As of 2018 , Tiffany operated 321 stores worldwide , with net sales of US $ 4.44 billion . Tiffany regions include the Americas , Asia-Pacific , Japan , Europe and the United Arab Emirates . Christian Dior SE is the main holding company of LVMH , owning 40.9% of its shares , and 59.01% of its voting rights . Bernard Arnault , majority shareholder of Dior , is Chairman and CEO of both companies . In 2017 , Arnault purchased all the remaining Christian Dior shares in a reported $ 13.1 billion buy out ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Larry Ellison", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Larry_Ellison", "summary": "Lawrence Joseph Ellison ( born August 17 , 1944 ) is an American businessman , entrepreneur , and philanthropist who is a co-founder and the executive chairman and chief technology officer ( CTO ) of Oracle Corporation . As of October 2019 , he was listed by Forbes magazine as the fourth-wealthiest person in the United States and as the sixth-wealthiest in the world , with a fortune of $ 69.1 billion , increased from $ 54.5 billion in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 39.5 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Oracle Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oracle_Corporation", "summary": "Oracle Corporation is an American multinational computer technology corporation headquartered in Redwood Shores , California . The company sells database software and technology , cloud engineered systems , and enterprise software products - particularly its own brands of database management systems . In 2019 , Oracle was the second-largest software company by revenue and market capitalization . The company also develops and builds tools for database development and systems of middle-tier software , enterprise resource planning ( ERP ) software , Human Capital Management ( HCM ) software , customer relationship management ( CRM ) software , and supply chain management ( SCM ) software ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lakshmi Mittal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lakshmi_Mittal", "summary": "Lakshmi Niwas Mittal ( Hindi : [ ˈləkʃmi nɪˈʋaːs ˈmɪtːəl ] ( listen ) ; born 15 June 1950 ) is an Indian born steel magnate , based in the United Kingdom . He is the chairman and CEO of ArcelorMittal , the world 's largest steelmaking company . Mittal owns 38% of ArcelorMittal and holds an 11% stake in Queens Park Rangers F.C . In 2005 , Forbes ranked Mittal as the third-richest person in the world , making him the first Indian citizen to be ranked in the top ten in the publication 's annual list of the world 's richest people . In 2007 , Mittal was considered to be the richest Asian person in Europe . He was ranked the sixth-richest person in the world by Forbes in 2011 , but dropped to 82nd place in March 2015 . He is also the 57th-most powerful person of the 72 individuals named in Forbes ' Most Powerful People list for 2015 . His daughter Vanisha Mittal 's wedding was the second-most expensive in recorded history . Mittal has been a member of the board of directors of Goldman Sachs since 2008 . He sits on the World Steel Association 's executive committee , and is a member of the Global CEO Council of the Chinese People 's Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries , the Foreign Investment Council in Kazakhstan , the World Economic Forum 's International Business Council , and the European Round Table of Industrialists . He is also a member of the board of trustees of the Cleveland Clinic . In 2005 The Sunday Times named him Business Person of 2006 , the Financial Times named him Person of the Year , and Time magazine named him International Newsmaker of the Year 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 31.1 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "60", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." } ] }, { "value": "Arcelor Mittal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arcelor_Mittal", "summary": "ArcelorMittal S.A. ( French pronunciation : ​ [ aʁsəlɔʁ mital ] ) is a multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City . It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel . ArcelorMittal is the world 's largest steel producer , with an annual crude steel production of 92.5 million metric tonnes as of 2018 [ update ] . It is ranked 123rd in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world 's largest corporations ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Amancio Ortega", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amancio_Ortega", "summary": "Amancio Ortega Gaona ( Spanish pronunciation : [ aˈmanθjo oɾˈteɣa ɣaˈona ] ; born 28 March 1936 ) is a Spanish billionaire businessman . He is the founder and former chairman of Inditex fashion group , best known for its chain of Zara clothing and accessories shops . As of December 2019 , Ortega had a net worth of $ 68.3 billion , making him the second-wealthiest person in Europe after Bernard Arnault , and the sixth-wealthiest in the world . For a brief period of time in 2015 , he was the richest man in the world , bypassing Bill Gates when his net worth peaked to $ 80 billion as Zara 's parent company , Inditexs , stock peaked . He is the head of the Ortega family and the second wealthiest retailer in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 31.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "74", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "Inditex Group", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Inditex_Group", "summary": "Industria de Diseño Textil , S.A. ( Inditex ; /ˌɪndɪˈtɛks/ , Spanish : [ indiˈteks ] ; lit . Textile Design Industry ) is a Spanish multinational clothing company headquartered in Arteixo ( A Coruña ) in Galicia . Inditex , the biggest fashion group in the world , operates over 7,200 stores in 93 markets worldwide . The company 's flagship store is Zara , but it also owns the chains Zara Home , Massimo Dutti , Bershka , Oysho , Pull and Bear , Stradivarius and Uterqüe . The majority of its stores are corporate-owned , while franchises are mainly conceded in countries where corporate properties can not be foreign-owned . The company operates a unique business model : instead of committing a large percentage of production for the next fashion season , the company commits a small amount and uses customer feedback and an efficient production network to replenish stores with new and different products weekly . New styles are prototyped in just 5 days and 60% of the manufacturing happens locally to shorten lead-times . In Zara stores , it can take a new garment as little as 15 days to go from design and production to store shelves ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eike Batista", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eike_Batista", "summary": "Eike Fuhrken Batista da Silva ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ˈajk ( i ) ˈfuʁkẽj bɐˈtʃistɐ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ ] ; born 3 November 1956 ) is a Brazilian serial entrepreneur who made and lost a fortune in mining and oil and gas industries . He engaged in a quest to promote Brazil 's infrastructure with large-scale projects , such as the Porto do Açu , which eventually bankrupted his companies . He was chairman of Brazilian conglomerate EBX Group , which was formerly the parent company of five companies traded on the BOVESPA 's Novo Mercado , a special segment of the São Paulo stock market . These five companies were : OGX ( oil and gas ) , MPX ( energy ) , LLX ( logistics ) , MMX ( mining ) , and OSX ( offshore services and equipment ) . Nowadays , EBX advises new startup companies and tries to rebuild itself again . In early 2012 , Batista had a net worth of US $ 35 billion , ranking him the seventh wealthiest person in the world , and the richest in Brazil . By July 2013 , his wealth had plummeted to $ 200 million due to his debts and his company 's falling stock prices . Bloomberg reported in January 2014 that Batista has a negative net worth . Forbes and Folha de S.Paulo quoted Batista in September 2014 , stating that his net worth was - $ 1 billion . Batista is currently under arrest and has been sentenced to 30 years in prison for bribing disgraced Rio de Janeiro governor Sérgio Cabral , in order to secure public contracts ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 30.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "53", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "EBX Group", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/EBX_Group", "summary": "EBX Group comprises six companies listed in BOVESPAs Novo Mercado , including OGX ( oil ) , MMX ( mining ) , OSX ( offshore industry ) , and CCX ( coal mining ) , founded and formerly controlled by disgraced Brazilian businessman Eike Batista , the chairman of the EBX Group , who was , in 2018 , convicted for corruption . Between 2011 and 2012 , EBX Group invested US $ 15.7 billion , generating 20,000 jobs in the construction and operation of its enterprises . The group primarily invests in the sectors of infrastructure and natural resources . It also has initiatives in real estate , technology , entertainment , sports and gold mining , as well as in the air and rail catering sectors . EBX Group is active in nine Brazilian states , Chile , Canada and Colombia , and has offices in New York ( USA ) ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mukesh Ambani", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mukesh_Ambani", "summary": "Mukesh Dhirubhai Ambani ( born 19 April 1957 ) is an Indian billionaire business magnate , and the chairman , managing director , and largest shareholder of Reliance Industries Ltd. ( RIL ) , a Fortune Global 500 company and India 's most valuable company by market value . According to Forbes magazine , he is the richest man in Asia and the 13th richest person in the world as of December 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 27.0 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." } ] }, { "value": "Reliance Industries", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reliance_Industries", "summary": "Reliance Industries Limited ( RIL ) is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai , Maharashtra . Reliance owns businesses across India engaged in energy , petrochemicals , textiles , natural resources , retail , and telecommunications . Reliance is one of the most profitable companies in India , the largest publicly traded company in India by market capitalization , and the largest company in India as measured by revenue after recently surpassing the government-controlled Indian Oil Corporation . On 18 October 2007 , Reliance Industries became the first Indian company to exceed $ 100 billion market capitalization . The company is ranked 106th on the Fortune Global 500 list of the world 's biggest corporations as of 2019 . It is ranked 8th among the Top 250 Global Energy Companies by Platts as of 2016 . Reliance continues to be India 's largest exporter , accounting for 8% of India 's total merchandise exports with a value of Rs 147,755 crore and access to markets in 108 countries . Reliance is responsible for almost 5% of the government of India 's total revenues from customs and excise duty . It is also the highest income tax payer in the private sector in India . In 2019 , Reliance Industries become the first Indian firm to cross Rs 9 lakh crore market valuation mark . It has become the first ever Indian company to cross Rs 10 lakh crore market capitalization ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christy Walton & family", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christy_Walton", "summary": "Christy Ruth Walton ( née Tallant ; born February 8 , 1949 ) is the widow of John T. Walton , one of the sons of Sam Walton , the founder of Walmart . In June 2005 , her husband died in a plane crash , making her the main heir to his fortune of US $ 18.2 billion . Forbes listed Christy Walton as the richest woman in the world for several years . Her net worth was estimated to $ 41.7 billion in March 2015 , the bulk of which came from her shares in Walmart , but also from First Solar , in which her husband had invested . In November 2015 , an analysis of court documents by Bloomberg revealed that the bulk of her husband 's wealth had been transferred to her son , Lukas Walton , so that her own net worth was only about US $ 5 billion ." } ] }, { "value": "$ 26.5 billion", "urls": [] }, { "value": "62", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "Walmart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walmart", "summary": "Walmart Inc. ( /ˈwɔːlmɑːrt/ ; formerly Wal-Mart Stores , Inc. ) is an American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of hypermarkets , discount department stores , and grocery stores , headquartered in Bentonville , Arkansas . The company was founded by Sam Walton in 1962 and incorporated on October 31 , 1969 . It also owns and operates Sam 's Club retail warehouses . As of January 31 , 2020 , [ update ] Walmart has 11,503 stores and clubs in 27 countries , operating under 55 different names . The company operates under the name Walmart in the United States and Canada , as Walmart de México y Centroamérica in Mexico and Central America , as Asda in the United Kingdom , as the Seiyu Group in Japan , and as Best Price in India . It has wholly owned operations in Argentina , Chile , Canada , and South Africa . Since August 2018 , Walmart only holds a minority stake in Walmart Brasil , which was renamed Grupo Big in August 2019 , with 20 percent of the company 's shares , and private equity firm Advent International holding 80 percent ownership of the company . Walmart is the world 's largest company by revenue , with US $ 514.405 billion , according to the Fortune Global 500 list in 2019 . It is also the largest private employer in the world with 2.2 million employees . It is a publicly traded family-owned business , as the company is controlled by the Walton family . Sam Walton 's heirs own over 50 percent of Walmart through their holding company Walton Enterprises and through their individual holdings . Walmart was the largest U.S. grocery retailer in 2019 , and 65 percent of Walmart 's US $ 510.329 billion sales came from U.S. operations ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Annual rankings -- 2011", "section_text": "Main article : The World 's Billionaires 2011 In the 25th annual Forbes list of global billionaires , Slim added $ 20.5 billion to his fortune , the most of anyone , and retained his number one ranking with a total fortune of $ 74 billion . Gates remained in second place with $ 56 billion , while Warren Buffett was third with $ 50 billion . The top 10 had a combined wealth of $ 406 billion , up from $ 342 billion in 2010 . [ 36 ] According to Forbes editor Kerry Dolan , `` media and technology billionaires definitely benefited from a stronger stock market and a growing enthusiasm for all things social '' since the 2010 list . [ 37 ] However , Nigerian commodity mogul Aliko Dangote was the greatest gainer on a percentage basis as his fortune increased 557 percent to $ 13.5 billion . Mark Zuckerberg was one of seven Facebook-related billionaires on the list , as he added $ 9.5 billion to his net worth to move up to 52nd . Facebook co-founder Dustin Moskovitz was the youngest person on the list . Aged 26 , eight days younger than Zuckerberg , he debuted at number 420 with an estimated fortune of $ 2.7 billion . IKEA founder Ingvar Kamprad was the largest loser as he saw his fortune plummet from $ 23 billion to $ 6 billion , dropping him from 11th to 162nd overall . [ 36 ] A record 1,210 billionaires made the 2011 list , representing a combined wealth of $ 4.5 trillion , up from $ 3.6 trillion the previous year . [ 38 ] One third of the world 's billionaires , 413 , came from the United States . China had the second most billionaires with 115 , while Russia was third with 101 . Asia moved up to 332 billionaires , passing Europe as a region for the first time since the 1990s . [ 36 ] The 2011 list included 214 newcomers and the average net worth of those on it increased to $ 3.7 billion . [ 37 ]", "uid": "List_of_wealthiest_non-inflated_historical_figures_8", "intro": "The World's Billionaires is an annual ranking by documented net worth of the wealthiest billionaires in the world, compiled and published in March annually by the American business magazine Forbes. The list was first published in March 1987. The total net worth of each individual on the list is estimated and is cited in United States dollars, based on their documented assets and accounting for debt. Royalty and dictators whose wealth comes from their positions are excluded from these lists. This ranking is an index of the wealthiest documented individuals, excluding and ranking against those with wealth that is not able to be completely ascertained. In 2018, there was a record of 2,208 people on the list, that included 259 newcomers mostly from China and the U.S.; there were 63 people under 40 and it had a record number of 256 women. The average net worth of the list came in at US$4.1 billion, up US$350 million from 2017. Added together, the total net worth for 2018's billionaires was US$9.1 trillion, up from US$7.67 trillion in 2017. As of 2018[update], Microsoft founder Bill Gates had topped the list 18 of the past 24 years, while Amazon founder Jeff Bezos is ranked at the top for the first time and he became the first centibillionaire included in the ranking. In 2017, Mark Zuckerberg was the only person in the top 10 billionaires list who is under the age of 50, and the only one in the top 20 billionaires list who is under the age of 40. In 2017, 500 of the richest people in the world became richer by $1 trillion, according to a report by Bloomberg News. According to a 2017 Oxfam report, the top eight billionaires own as much combined wealth as the poorest half of the human race." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Hockey_League_attendance_figures", "title": "List of National Hockey League attendance figures", "header": [ "Team", "Arena", "Home Games", "Average Attendance", "Total Attendance", "Capacity Percentage" ], "data": [ { "value": "Chicago Blackhawks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks", "summary": "The Chicago Blackhawks ( spelled Black Hawks until 1986 , and known colloquially as the Hawks ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Chicago . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . They have won six Stanley Cup championships since their founding in 1926 . The Blackhawks are one of the Original Six NHL teams along with the Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , Toronto Maple Leafs , Boston Bruins and New York Rangers . Since 1994 , the club 's home rink is the United Center , which they share with the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Bulls . The club had previously played for 65 years at Chicago Stadium . The club 's original owner was Frederic McLaughlin , who owned the club until his death in 1944 . Under McLaughlin , a hands-on owner who fired many coaches during his ownership , the club won two Stanley Cup titles . The club was then owned by the Norris family , who as owners of the Chicago Stadium were the club 's landlord , and owned stakes in several of the NHL teams . At first , the Norris ownership was as part of a syndicate fronted by long-time executive Bill Tobin , and the team languished in favor of the Norris-owned Detroit Red Wings . After the senior James E. Norris died in 1952 , the Norris assets were spread among family members and James D. Norris became owner . Norris Jr. took an active interest in the team and under his ownership , the club won one Stanley Cup title in 1961 ." } ] }, { "value": "United Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Center", "summary": "United Center is an indoor arena on the Near West Side of Chicago , Illinois , United States . It is home to the Chicago Bulls of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , named after its corporate sponsor , United Airlines . United Center 's predecessor , the Chicago Stadium , was demolished after the new arena opened in 1994 . The first event at United Center was WWF Summerslam . Due to a lockout , the Blackhawks did not move in until the 1994-95 NHL season . The east side of the arena features statues of Michael Jordan , Bobby Hull and Stan Mikita , while a statue of various Blackhawks sits to the north on Madison Street , where the Chicago Stadium was located . United Center also hosted the 1996 Democratic National Convention , at which a new style of four-screen speech prompting system for speakers was pioneered in the United States , consisting of two glass teleprompters , accompanied by an inset lectern monitor , and for the first time , a large under-camera confidence monitor ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21,769", "urls": [] }, { "value": "892,532", "urls": [] }, { "value": "110.4%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montreal Canadiens", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens", "summary": "The Montreal Canadiens [ note 3 ] ( French : Les Canadiens de Montréal ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Montreal . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club 's official name is le Club de hockey Canadien . The team is frequently referred to in English and French as the Habs . French nicknames for the team include Les Canadiens ( or Le Canadien ) , Le Bleu-Blanc-Rouge , La Sainte-Flanelle , Le Tricolore , Les Glorieux ( or Nos Glorieux ) , Le CH , Le Grand Club and Les Habitants ( from which Habs is derived ) . Founded in 1909 , the Canadiens are the longest continuously operating professional ice hockey team worldwide , and the only existing NHL club to predate the founding of the NHL . One of the oldest North American professional sports franchises , the Canadiens ' history predates that of every other Canadian franchise outside football as well as every American franchise outside baseball and the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals . The franchise is one of the Original Six teams , a description used for the teams that made up the NHL from 1942 until the 1967 expansion . The team 's championship season in 1992-93 was the last time a Canadian team won the Stanley Cup . The Canadiens have won the Stanley Cup more times than any other franchise . They have won 24 Stanley Cup championships , 23 of them since the founding of the NHL and 22 of them since 1927 , when NHL teams became the only ones to compete for the Stanley Cup . On a percentage basis , as of 2014 [ needs update ] , the franchise has won 25.3% of all Stanley Cup championships contested after the Challenge Cup era , making it the second most successful professional sports team of the traditional four major sports of Canada and the United States , behind only the Boston Celtics ." } ] }, { "value": "Bell Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bell_Centre", "summary": "The Bell Centre ( French : Centre Bell ) , formerly known as the Molson Centre ( or Le Centre Molson ) , is a multi-purpose arena in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It opened on March 16 , 1996 , after nearly three years under construction . It is best known as the home of the National Hockey League 's Montreal Canadiens ice hockey team , and it has the largest arena capacity to regularly host an NHL team . It is currently owned by a partnership group headed by Geoff Molson and his brothers , Andrew and Justin . The same ownership group also owns the Montreal Canadiens and Evenko , an entertainment event promoter . Since it opened in 1996 , it has consistently been listed as one of the world 's busiest arenas , usually receiving the highest attendance of any arena in Canada . In 2012 , it was the fifth-busiest arena in the world based on ticket sales for non-sporting events ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "21,286", "urls": [] }, { "value": "872,752", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.1%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Detroit Red Wings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings", "summary": "The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference , and are one of the Original Six teams of the league . Founded in 1926 , the team was known as the Detroit Cougars until 1930 . For the 1930-31 and 1931-32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons , and in 1932 changed their name to the Red Wings . As of 2020 [ update ] , the Red Wings have won the most Stanley Cup championships of any NHL franchise based in the United States ( 11 ) and are third overall in total Stanley Cup championships , behind the Montreal Canadiens ( 24 ) and Toronto Maple Leafs ( 13 ) . The Wings played their home games at Joe Louis Arena from 1979 until 2017 , after playing for 52 years in Olympia Stadium . They moved into the new Little Caesars Arena beginning with the 2017-18 season . The Red Wings are one of the most popular and successful franchises in the NHL ; fans and sports commentators refer to the Detroit area as Hockeytown , which has been a registered trademark owned by the franchise since 1996 . Between the 1931-32 and 1965-66 seasons , the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times . Between the 1966-67 and 1982-83 seasons , the Red Wings made the playoffs only two times . However , thereafter , from 1983-84 to 2015-16 , they made the playoffs 30 times in 32 seasons , including 25-straight from 1990-91 to 2015-16 ( not counting the cancelled 2004-05 season ) , in 2006 this became the longest active streak of postseason appearances in all of North American professional sports and finished tied for the third longest streak in NHL history . Since 1983-84 , the Red Wings have tallied six regular season first-place finishes and have won the Stanley Cup four times ( 1997 , 1998 , 2002 , and 2008 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Joe Louis Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joe_Louis_Arena", "summary": "Joe Louis Arena is a defunct arena in Downtown Detroit , currently undergoing demolition . Completed in 1979 at a cost of $ 57 million as a replacement for Olympia Stadium , it sits adjacent to TCF Center on the bank of the Detroit River and was accessible by the Joe Louis Arena station on the Detroit People Mover . The venue is named after former heavyweight champion boxer Joe Louis , who grew up in Detroit . It was the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League and the second oldest NHL venue after Madison Square Garden until the start of the 2017-18 NHL season . Joe Louis Arena is owned by the city of Detroit , and operated by Olympia Entertainment , a subsidiary of team owner Ilitch Holdings . In April 2017 , the Red Wings hosted their final game at Joe Louis Arena ; the venue was succeeded by Little Caesars Arena . The arena closed on July 29 , 2017 . Demolition started on April 4 , 2019 , with the site scheduled to be cleared by early 2020 ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20,027", "urls": [] }, { "value": "821,107", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Philadelphia Flyers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philadelphia_Flyers", "summary": "The Philadelphia Flyers are a professional ice hockey team based in Philadelphia . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . Part of the 1967 NHL Expansion , the Flyers were the first expansion team in the post-Original Six era to win the Stanley Cup , victorious in 1973-74 and again in 1974-75 . The Flyers ' all-time points percentage of 57.5% ( as of the 2018-19 NHL season [ update ] ) is the third-best in the NHL , behind only the Vegas Golden Knights and Montreal Canadiens . Additionally , the Flyers have the most appearances in the conference finals of all 24 expansion teams ( 16 appearances , winning 8 ) , and they are second behind the St. Louis Blues for the most playoff appearances out of all expansion teams ( 39 out of 51 seasons ) . The Flyers have played their home games on Broad Street since their inception , first at the Spectrum from 1967 until 1996 , and then at the Wells Fargo Center since 1996 . The Flyers have had rivalries with several teams over the years . Historically , their biggest adversaries have been the New York Rangers , with an intense rivalry stretching back to the 1970s . They have also waged lengthy campaigns against the New York Islanders in the 70s and 80s , the Boston Bruins , a bruising battle especially in the 1970s , the Washington Capitals , which has always been intense since their days in the Patrick Division , as well as the New Jersey Devils , with whom they traded the Atlantic Division title every season between 1994-95 and 2006-07 , and finally they enjoy a spirited rivalry with their cross-state and expansion brethren , the Pittsburgh Penguins , which is considered by some to be the best rivalry in the league ." } ] }, { "value": "Wells Fargo Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Center_(Philadelphia)", "summary": "The Wells Fargo Center is a multi-purpose arena located in Philadelphia . It serves as the home of the Philadelphia Flyers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , the Philadelphia 76ers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the Philadelphia Wings of the National Lacrosse League ( NLL ) . The arena lies at the southwest corner of the South Philadelphia Sports Complex , which includes Lincoln Financial Field , Citizens Bank Park , and Xfinity Live ! . The Wells Fargo Center , originally called Spectrum II , was completed in 1996 to replace the Spectrum as the home arena of the 76ers and Flyers , on the former site of John F. Kennedy Stadium at a cost of $ 210 million , largely privately financed ( though the city and state helped to pay for the local infrastructure ) . It is owned by Comcast Spectacor , which also owns the Flyers , and is operated by its arena-management subsidiary , Global Spectrum . Since opening , it has been known by a number of different names through naming rights deals and bank mergers , including CoreStates Center from 1996 to 1998 , First Union Center from 1998 to 2003 , and Wachovia Center from 2003 to 2010 . Since 2010 , naming rights have been held by financial services company Wells Fargo , after their merger with Wachovia . In addition to hosting home games for its main tenants , the arena has been the site of a number of other notable athletic events including Games 1 and 2 from the 1997 and Games 3 , 4 and 6 of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals , Games 3 , 4 and 5 of the 2001 NBA Finals , and various collegiate events for the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . Wells Fargo Center has hosted two political conventions , hosting the 2000 Republican National Convention and 2016 Democratic National Convention . The arena is a regular venue for concerts and WWE events . The arena has a concert seating capacity of 21,000 seated and at least 21,500 standing ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19,270", "urls": [] }, { "value": "790,107", "urls": [] }, { "value": "98.6%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Calgary Flames", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calgary_Flames", "summary": "The Calgary Flames are a professional ice hockey team based in Calgary . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The club is the third major professional ice hockey team to represent the city of Calgary , following the Calgary Tigers ( 1921-1927 ) and Calgary Cowboys ( 1975-1977 ) . The Flames are one of two NHL franchises in Alberta ; the other is the Edmonton Oilers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Alberta . The team was founded in 1972 in Atlanta as the Atlanta Flames until relocating to Calgary in 1980 . The Flames played their first three seasons in Calgary at the Stampede Corral before moving into their current home arena , the Scotiabank Saddledome ( originally known as the Olympic Saddledome ) , in 1983 . In 1985-86 , the Flames became the first Calgary team since the 1923-24 Tigers to compete for the Stanley Cup . In 1988-89 , the Flames won their first and only championship . The Flames ' unexpected run to the 2004 Stanley Cup Finals gave rise to the Red Mile , and in 2011 the team hosted and won the second Heritage Classic outdoor game . The Flames have won two Presidents ' Trophies as the NHL 's top regular season team , and have claimed seven division championships . Individually , Jarome Iginla is the franchise leader in games played , goals and points and is a two-time winner of the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy as the NHL 's leading goal scorer ." } ] }, { "value": "Scotiabank Saddledome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scotiabank_Saddledome", "summary": "Scotiabank Saddledome is a multi-use indoor arena in Calgary , Alberta , Canada . Located in Stampede Park in the southeast end of downtown Calgary , the Saddledome was built in 1983 to replace the Stampede Corral as the home of the Calgary Flames of the National Hockey League , and to host ice hockey and figure skating at the 1988 Winter Olympics . The facility also hosts concerts , conferences and other sporting championships , and events for the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede . It underwent a major renovation in 1994-95 and sold its naming rights , during which its original name of Olympic Saddledome was changed to Canadian Airlines Saddledome . The facility was given the name Pengrowth Saddledome in 2000 , after Pengrowth Management Ltd. signed a ten-year agreement . It adopted its current name in October 2010 as Scotiabank signed on as title sponsor . The Saddledome is owned by the City of Calgary , who leases it to the Saddledome Foundation , a non-profit organization , to oversee its operation . Since 1996 , it has been managed by the Flames . The Saddledome was damaged during the 2013 Alberta floods but was repaired and reopened in time for the 2013-14 NHL season . The arena 's roof is shaped like a saddle , thus earning the name Saddledome ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19,097", "urls": [] }, { "value": "782,977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "99.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Toronto Maple Leafs", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs", "summary": "The Toronto Maple Leafs , officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs , are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment , Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum . The Maple Leafs ' broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications . For their first 14 seasons , the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena , before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931 . The Maple Leafs moved to their present home , Scotiabank Arena ( originally named the Air Canada Centre ) in February 1999 . The club was founded in 1917 , operating simply as Toronto and known then as the Toronto Arenas . Under new ownership , the club was renamed the Toronto St. Patricks in 1919 . In 1927 the club was purchased by Conn Smythe and renamed the Maple Leafs . A member of the Original Six , the club was one of six NHL teams to have endured through the period of League retrenchment during the Great Depression . The club has won thirteen Stanley Cup championships , second only to the 24 championships of the Montreal Canadiens . The Maple Leafs history includes two recognized dynasties , from 1947 to 1951 ; and from 1962 to 1967 ." } ] }, { "value": "Air Canada Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Air_Canada_Centre", "summary": "Scotiabank Arena , formerly Air Canada Centre , is a multi-purpose arena located on Bay Street in the South Core district of Downtown Toronto , Ontario , Canada . It is the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) and the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League ( NLL ) . In addition , the minor league Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Raptors 905 of the NBA G League play occasional games at the arena . The arena was previously home to the Toronto Phantoms of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) during their brief existence . The arena is 61,780.5 square metres ( 665,000 sq ft ) in size . It is owned and operated by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. ( MLSE ) , the same group that owns the Leafs and the Raptors , as well as their respective development teams . In 2018 , Scotiabank Arena was the 13th busiest arena in the world and the busiest in Canada . It is also the most photographed location in Canada on Instagram according to BuzzFeed . Scotiabank Arena is connected to Toronto Union railway station , subway station and bus terminal via the PATH . Scotiabank Arena has , from its initial design to completion , revolutionized many concepts included in new arenas and stadiums built since then . [ according to whom ? ] These features include luxury suites accessible on the ground floor , splitting the main scoreboard into several sections , rotating all sponsor signage in the bowl at once ( to allow dominant messaging or neutralization for events that disallow commercial advertising ) , and multiple restaurants in and out of the main arena bowl view ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19,062", "urls": [] }, { "value": "781,576", "urls": [] }, { "value": "101.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Minnesota Wild", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Minnesota_Wild", "summary": "The Minnesota Wild are a professional ice hockey team based in Saint Paul , Minnesota . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The Wild were founded on June 25 , 1997 , but did not start play until the 2000-01 season . The Wild were the first NHL franchise in Minnesota since the Minnesota North Stars moved to Dallas in 1993 . They lost their first game , 3-1 , to the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim and recorded their first win against the Tampa Bay Lightning five games later . The Wild play at the Xcel Energy Center . In the 2002-03 season , the team made its first Stanley Cup playoffs appearance , making a surprising run to the Western Conference Finals . Since then , the Wild have struggled in the postseason , having only advanced to the second round twice since 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "Xcel Energy Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Xcel_Energy_Center", "summary": "The Xcel Energy Center ( also known as The X ) is a multi-purpose arena , located in Saint Paul , Minnesota . It is named for its locally based corporate sponsor Xcel Energy . With an official capacity of 17,954 , the arena has four spectator levels : one suite level and three general seating levels . The building is home to the NHL 's Minnesota Wild . The arena is owned by the city of Saint Paul and operated by the Wild 's parent company , Minnesota Sports & Entertainment . It is on the same block as the RiverCentre convention facility , Roy Wilkins Auditorium and the Ordway Center for the Performing Arts , in downtown St. Paul . It also served as official home to the 2008 Republican National Convention ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19,023", "urls": [] }, { "value": "779,944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "106.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tampa Bay Lightning", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tampa_Bay_Lightning", "summary": "The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa , Florida . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The club has won one Stanley Cup championship in their history , in 2003-04 . The team is often referred to as the Bolts , and the nickname was used on the former third jerseys . The Lightning plays home games in Amalie Arena in Tampa . The owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik , while Julien BriseBois serves as general manager . The team is currently coached by Jon Cooper , who has led the team since 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Amalie Arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,823", "urls": [] }, { "value": "771,761", "urls": [] }, { "value": "98.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vancouver Canucks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vancouver_Canucks", "summary": "The Vancouver Canucks are a professional ice hockey team based in Vancouver . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The Canucks play their home games at Rogers Arena , formerly known as General Motors Place , which has an official capacity of 18,910 . Travis Green is the head coach and Jim Benning is the general manager . The Canucks joined the league in 1970 as an expansion team along with the Buffalo Sabres . In its NHL history , the team has advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals three times , losing to the New York Islanders in 1982 , the New York Rangers in 1994 and the Boston Bruins in 2011 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy in back-to-back seasons as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2010-11 and 2011-12 seasons . They won three division titles as a member of the Smythe Division from 1974 to 1993 , and seven titles as a member of the Northwest Division from 1998 to 2013 . The Canucks , along with fellow expansion team , the Buffalo Sabres , are the two oldest teams to have never won the Stanley Cup . The Canucks have retired six players ' jerseys in their history - Stan Smyl ( 12 ) , Trevor Linden ( 16 ) , Markus Naslund ( 19 ) , Daniel Sedin ( 22 ) , Henrik Sedin ( 33 ) , and Pavel Bure ( 10 ) ; all but Bure and Daniel Sedin have served as team captain . Smyl has the distinction of being the only Canuck to have his jersey number retired at their former arena , the Pacific Coliseum ." } ] }, { "value": "Rogers Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rogers_Arena", "summary": "Rogers Arena is a multi-purpose arena located at 800 Griffiths Way in the downtown area of Vancouver , British Columbia . Opened in 1995 , the arena was known as General Motors Place ( GM Place ) from its opening until July 6 , 2010 , when General Motors Canada ended its naming rights sponsorship and a new agreement for those rights was reached with Rogers Communications . Rogers Arena was built to replace Pacific Coliseum as Vancouver 's primary indoor sports facility and in part due to the National Basketball Association 's 1995 expansion into Canada , when Vancouver and Toronto were given expansion teams . It is home to the Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League and the Vancouver Warriors of the National Lacrosse League . The arena also hosted the ice hockey events at the 2010 Winter Olympics . The name of the arena temporarily became Canada Hockey Place during the Olympics . It was previously home to the Vancouver Grizzlies of the National Basketball Association from 1995 to 2001 ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,710", "urls": [] }, { "value": "767,149", "urls": [] }, { "value": "98.9%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pittsburgh Penguins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pittsburgh_Penguins", "summary": "The Pittsburgh Penguins ( colloquially known as the Pens ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Penguins are one of two NHL franchises in Pennsylvania , the other being the Philadelphia Flyers . The cities ' proximity has led to a rivalry known as the Battle of Pennsylvania . The club is owned by Mario Lemieux and Ronald Burkle , who purchased the Penguins in 1999 and brought the club out of bankruptcy . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the first expansion teams during the league 's expansion from six to twelve teams . The Penguins played in the Civic Arena , also known as The Igloo , from the time of their inception through the end of the 2009-10 season , when they moved to the Consol Energy Center , which was later renamed PPG Paints Arena . The 1992-93 Penguins won the franchise 's first-ever Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . In addition to their eight division titles , they have qualified for six Stanley Cup Finals , winning the Stanley Cup five times - in 1991 , 1992 , 2009 , 2016 , and 2017 . Along with the Edmonton Oilers , the Penguins are tied for the most Stanley Cup championships among non-Original Six teams and sixth overall . With their Stanley Cup wins in 2016 and 2017 , the Penguins became the first back-to-back champions in 19 years ( since the 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings ) and the first team to do so since the introduction of the NHL salary cap . They also became the fifth team to accomplish this feat multiple times ." } ] }, { "value": "Consol Energy Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Consol_Energy_Center", "summary": "PPG Paints Arena is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania that serves as home to the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , and was the home of the Pittsburgh Power of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) from 2011 to 2014 . Construction was completed on August 1 , 2010 , and the arena opened in time for the 2010-11 NHL season . It replaced the Penguins ' former arena , Civic Arena ( formerly known as Mellon Arena ) , which was completed in 1961 . A ceremonial ground-breaking was held on August 14 , 2008 . The arena is the first Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design ( LEED ) gold-certified arena in both the NHL and AFL . Soon after the arena opened in 2010 it was named Best New Major Concert Venue in the Pollstar Concert Industry Awards and Best NHL Arena in the Sports Business Journal reader poll . The arena was originally named Consol Energy Center ( CEC ) after Consol Energy purchased the naming rights in December 2008 . The current name comes from Pittsburgh-based PPG Industries , who purchased naming rights in October 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,617", "urls": [] }, { "value": "763,319", "urls": [] }, { "value": "101.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Washington Capitals", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Washington_Capitals", "summary": "The Washington Capitals ( colloquially known as the Caps ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Washington , D.C . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The Capitals are owned by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , headed by Ted Leonsis . From 1974 to 1997 the Capitals played their home games at the Capital Centre , in Landover , Maryland ( a suburb in the Washington metropolitan area ) . In 1997 the team moved to the arena now called Capital One Arena , their present home arena in Washington , D.C . The Capitals were founded in 1974 as an expansion franchise , alongside the Kansas City Scouts . Since purchasing the team in 1999 , Leonsis revitalized the franchise by drafting star players such as Alexander Ovechkin , Nicklas Backstrom , Mike Green and Braden Holtby . The 2009-10 Capitals won the franchise 's first Presidents ' Trophy for being the team with the most points at the end of the regular season . They won it a second time in 2015-16 , and did so for a third time the following season in 2016-17 . In addition to twelve division titles and three Presidents ' Trophies , the Capitals have reached the Stanley Cup Finals in 1998 and 2018 , winning in the latter . The Capitals have retired the use of four numbers in honor of four players . In addition , the team holds an association with a number of individuals inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame ." } ] }, { "value": "Verizon Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capital_One_Arena", "summary": "The Capital One Arena is an indoor arena in Washington , D.C . Located in the Chinatown neighborhood of Washington , D.C. , the arena sits atop the Gallery Place rapid transit station of the Washington Metro . It has been largely considered to be a commercial success and is regarded as one of the driving catalysts of the revitalization of Washington , D.C. 's Chinatown neighborhood . Owned and operated by Monumental Sports & Entertainment , it is the home arena of the Washington Capitals of the NHL , the Washington Wizards of the NBA , and the Georgetown University men 's basketball team . It was also home to the Washington Mystics of the WNBA from 1998 to 2018 until they moved to the St. Elizabeths East Entertainment and Sports Arena in southeast Washington for the 2019 season ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,506", "urls": [] }, { "value": "740,240", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buffalo Sabres", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Buffalo_Sabres", "summary": "The Buffalo Sabres are a professional ice hockey team based in Buffalo , New York . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team was established in 1970 , along with the Vancouver Canucks , when the league expanded to 14 teams . They have played at KeyBank Center since 1996 . Prior to that , the Buffalo Sabres played at the Buffalo Memorial Auditorium from the start of the franchise in 1970 . The Sabres are owned by Terry Pegula , who purchased the club in 2011 from Tom Golisano . The Sabres have the longest active playoff drought in the NHL , at 8 seasons . The team has twice advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals , losing to the Philadelphia Flyers in 1975 and to the Dallas Stars in 1999 . The best known line in team history is The French Connection , which consisted of Gilbert Perreault , Rick Martin and Rene Robert . All three players have had their sweater numbers ( 11 , 7 and 14 , respectively ) retired and a statue erected in their honor at KeyBank Center in 2012 . The Sabres , along with the Canucks , share the record for being the longest continuously running active NHL franchise to have never won the Stanley Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "First Niagara Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/First_Niagara_Center", "summary": "KeyBank Center , formerly known as Marine Midland Arena , HSBC Arena and First Niagara Center , is a multipurpose indoor arena located in downtown Buffalo , New York . It is the largest indoor arena in Western New York , seating 19,070 fans in its normal configuration , and was constructed primarily for the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , who have called the arena home since 1996 , when it replaced the now-demolished Memorial Auditorium . The arena was renamed as KeyBank Center starting with the 2016-2017 NHL season . It is owned by Erie County and operated by Pegula Sports and Entertainment ( as Hockey Western New York , LLC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,580", "urls": [] }, { "value": "761,809", "urls": [] }, { "value": "97.4%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "St. Louis Blues", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/St._Louis_Blues", "summary": "The St. Louis Blues are a professional ice hockey team based in St. Louis . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The franchise was founded in 1967 as one of the six teams from the 1967 NHL expansion and is named after the W. C. Handy song Saint Louis Blues . The Blues play their home games at the 19,150-seat Enterprise Center in downtown St. Louis , which has been their arena since moving from St. Louis Arena in 1994 . The Blues qualified for the playoffs in all but nine of their 52 seasons , appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals four times , and won the Stanley Cup in 2019 . Their 42 playoff appearances are the most for any NHL team outside of the Original Six , although the franchise struggled in the postseason throughout much of their history . While they made the Stanley Cup Finals in each of their first three seasons , they were swept each time . With the Blues ' victory in their fourth Stanley Cup Final , 49 years after their last appearance and in their 52nd year of existence , they became the final active team from the 1967 expansion to win their first Stanley Cup . The Blues have a rivalry with the Chicago Blackhawks , with both teams having played in the same division since 1970 . The San Antonio Rampage of the American Hockey League ( AHL ) and the Tulsa Oilers of the ECHL are the two minor league affiliates of the Blues ." } ] }, { "value": "Scottrade Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Scottrade_Center", "summary": "Enterprise Center is an 18,096-seat arena located in downtown St. Louis , Missouri , United States . Its primary tenant is the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League , but it is also used for other functions , such as NCAA basketball , NCAA hockey , concerts , professional wrestling and more . In a typical year , the facility hosts about 175 events . Industry trade publication Pollstar has previously ranked Enterprise Center among the top ten arenas worldwide in tickets sold to non-team events , but the facility has since fallen into the upper sixties , as of 2017 . The arena opened in 1994 and was known as Kiel Center until 2000 , Savvis Center from 2000 to 2006 , and Scottrade Center from 2006 to 2018 . On May 21 , 2018 , the St. Louis Blues and representatives of Enterprise Holdings , based in St. Louis , announced that the naming rights had been acquired by Enterprise and that the facility 's name would change to Enterprise Center , effective July 1 , 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,545", "urls": [] }, { "value": "760,349", "urls": [] }, { "value": "96.8%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Los Angeles Kings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Kings", "summary": "The Los Angeles Kings are a professional ice hockey team based in Los Angeles . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded on June 5 , 1967 , after Jack Kent Cooke was awarded an NHL expansion franchise for Los Angeles on February 9 , 1966 , becoming one of the six teams that began play as part of the 1967 NHL expansion . The Kings played their home games at The Forum in Inglewood , California , a suburb of Los Angeles , for thirty-two years , until they moved to the Staples Center in Downtown Los Angeles at the start of the 1999-2000 season . During the 1970s and early 1980s , the Kings had many years marked by impressive play in the regular season only to be washed out by early playoff exits . Their highlights in those years included the strong goaltending of Rogie Vachon , and the Triple Crown Line of Charlie Simmer , Dave Taylor and Hall of Fame player Marcel Dionne , who had a famous upset of the uprising Edmonton Oilers in a 1982 playoff game known as the Miracle on Manchester . In 1988 , the Kings traded with the Oilers to get their captain Wayne Gretzky , leading to a successful phase of the franchise that raised hockey 's popularity in Los Angeles , and helped raise the sport 's profile in the American Sun Belt region . Gretzky , fellow Hall of Famer Luc Robitaille and defenseman Rob Blake led the Kings to the franchise 's sole division title in 1990-91 , and the Kings ' first Stanley Cup Final appearance in 1993 . After the 1993 Finals , the Kings entered financial problems , with a bankruptcy in 1995 , which led to the franchise being acquired by Philip Anschutz ( owner of Anschutz Entertainment Group , operators of Staples Center ) and Edward P. Roski . A period of mediocrity ensued , with the Kings only resurging as they broke a six-year playoff drought in the 2009-10 season , with a team that included goaltender Jonathan Quick , defenseman Drew Doughty , and forwards Dustin Brown , Anze Kopitar and Justin Williams . Under coach Darryl Sutter , who was hired early in the 2011-12 season , the Kings won two Stanley Cups in three years : 2012 , over the New Jersey Devils , and 2014 , against the New York Rangers while Quick and Williams respectively won the Conn Smythe Trophy ." } ] }, { "value": "Staples Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Staples_Center", "summary": "Staples Center ( officially stylized as STAPLES Center ) is a multi-purpose arena in Downtown Los Angeles . Adjacent to the L.A. Live development , it is located next to the Los Angeles Convention Center complex along Figueroa Street . The arena opened on October 17 , 1999 . It is owned and operated by the Arturo L.A . Arena Company and Anschutz Entertainment Group . The arena is home venue to the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , the Los Angeles Lakers and the Los Angeles Clippers of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . The Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League ( AFL ) and the Los Angeles D-Fenders of the NBA D-League were also tenants ; the Avengers were folded in 2009 , and the D-Fenders moved to the Lakers ' practice facility at the Toyota Sports Center in El Segundo , California for the 2011-12 season . Staples Center is also host to over 250 events and nearly 4 million guests each year . It is the only arena in the NBA shared by two teams , as well as one of only two North American professional sports venues to host two teams from the same league ; MetLife Stadium , the home of the National Football League 's New York Giants and New York Jets , is the other . Staples Center is the venue of the Grammy Awards ceremony and will host the basketball competition during the 2028 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,265", "urls": [] }, { "value": "748,893", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.2%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ottawa Senators", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ottawa_Senators", "summary": "The Ottawa Senators ( French : Sénateurs d'Ottawa ) are a professional ice hockey team based in Ottawa . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The Senators play their home games at the 18,652-seat Canadian Tire Centre , which opened in 1996 as the Palladium . Founded and established by Ottawa real estate developer Bruce Firestone , the team is the second NHL franchise to use the Ottawa Senators name . The original Ottawa Senators , founded in 1883 , had a famed history , winning 11 Stanley Cups , playing in the NHL from 1917 until 1934 . On December 6 , 1990 , after a two-year public campaign by Firestone , the NHL awarded a new franchise , which began play in the 1992-93 season . The current team owner is Eugene Melnyk , and in 2019 , the franchise was valued by Forbes magazine at $ 445 million . The Senators have won four division titles and , in 2003 , the Presidents ' Trophy ; and have once appeared in the Stanley Cup Finals ( 2007 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Tire Centre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Tire_Centre", "summary": "Canadian Tire Centre ( French : Centre Canadian Tire ) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Ottawa , Ontario , Canada , located in the western suburb of Kanata . It opened in January 1996 as The Palladium and was also known as Corel Centre from 1996 to 2006 and Scotiabank Place from 2006 to 2013 . The arena is primarily used for ice hockey , serving as the home arena of the Ottawa Senators of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) since its opening in 1996 , and as a temporary home for the Ottawa 67 's of the Ontario Hockey League during renovations at its arena . The arena is also used regularly for music concerts and has hosted events such as the Canadian Interuniversity Sport men 's basketball championship and the 2009 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,246", "urls": [] }, { "value": "748,112", "urls": [] }, { "value": "95.3%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New York Rangers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_York_Rangers", "summary": "The New York Rangers are a professional ice hockey team based in New York City . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Metropolitan Division of the Eastern Conference . The team plays its home games at Madison Square Garden in the borough of Manhattan , an arena they share with the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) . They are one of three NHL teams located in the New York metropolitan area ; the others being the New Jersey Devils and New York Islanders . Founded in 1926 by Tex Rickard , the Rangers are one of the Original Six teams that competed in the NHL before its 1967 expansion , along with the Boston Bruins , Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens and Toronto Maple Leafs . The team attained success early on under the guidance of Lester Patrick , who coached a team containing Frank Boucher , Murray Murdoch , and Bun and Bill Cook to Stanley Cup glory in 1928 , making them the first NHL franchise in the United States to win the trophy . The team would then go onto win two additional Stanley Cups in 1933 and 1940 . Following this initial grace period , the franchise struggled between the 1940s and 1960s , whereby playoff appearances and success was infrequent . The team enjoyed a mini renaissance in the 1970s , where they made the Stanley Cup finals twice , albeit , losing to the Bruins in 1972 and the Canadiens in 1979 . The Rangers subsequently embraced a rebuild for much of the 1980s and early 1990s , which eventually paid dividends , where the team , led by Mark Messier , Brian Leetch , Adam Graves , and Mike Richter , captured their fourth Stanley Cup in 1994 . The team was unable to duplicate that success in the years that followed , and entered into another period of mediocrity . They endured a franchise-record seven-year postseason drought from 1998 to 2005 , and languished for the majority of the 2000s before enjoying another period of prosperity after the 2004-05 NHL Lockout ." } ] }, { "value": "Madison Square Garden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madison_Square_Garden", "summary": "Madison Square Garden , colloquially known as The Garden or in initials as MSG , is a multi-purpose indoor arena in New York City . Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets , it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station . It is the fourth venue to bear the name Madison Square Garden ; the first two ( 1879 and 1890 ) were located on Madison Square , on East 26th Street and Madison Avenue , with the third Madison Square Garden ( 1925 ) further uptown at Eighth Avenue and 50th Street . The Garden is used for professional ice hockey and basketball , as well as boxing , concerts , ice shows , circuses , professional wrestling and other forms of sports and entertainment . It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks , including the Empire State Building , Koreatown , and Macy 's at Herald Square . It is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association ( NBA ) , and was home to the New York Liberty ( WNBA ) from 1997 to 2017 . Originally called Madison Square Garden Center , the Garden opened on February 11 , 1968 , and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area . It is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the National Basketball Association . In 2016 , MSG was the second-busiest music arena in the world in terms of ticket sales , behind The O2 Arena in London . Including two major renovations , its total construction cost is approximately $ 1.1 billion , and it has been ranked as one of the 10 most expensive stadium venues ever built . It is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex , named for the railway station . Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18,006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "738,246", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boston Bruins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boston_Bruins", "summary": "The Boston Bruins are a professional ice hockey team based in Boston . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference . The team has been in existence since 1924 , and is the league 's third-oldest team overall and the oldest in the United States . It is also an Original Six franchise , along with the Chicago Blackhawks , Detroit Red Wings , Montreal Canadiens , New York Rangers and Toronto Maple Leafs . The Bruins have won six Stanley Cup championships , tied for fourth most of all-time with the Blackhawks and tied second-most of any American NHL team also with the Blackhawks ( behind the Red Wings , who have 11 ) . The first facility to host the Bruins was the Boston Arena ( today 's Matthews Arena ) - the world 's oldest ( built 1909-10 ) indoor ice hockey facility still in use for the sport at any level of competition - and following the Bruins ' departure from the Boston Arena , the team played its home games at the Boston Garden for 67 seasons , beginning in 1928 and concluding in 1995 , when they moved to the TD Garden ." } ] }, { "value": "TD Garden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/TD_Garden", "summary": "TD Garden , often called The Garden , is a multi-purpose arena in Boston , Massachusetts . It is named after its sponsor , TD Bank , a subsidiary of Canada 's Toronto-Dominion Bank . It opened in 1995 as a replacement for the original Boston Garden and has been known as FleetCenter , and TD Banknorth Garden . The arena is located directly above the MBTA 's North Station . TD Garden is the home arena for the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League and the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association . It is owned by Delaware North , whose CEO , Jeremy Jacobs , also owns the Bruins , and Mike Key . It is the site of the annual Beanpot college hockey tournament , and hosts the annual Hockey East Championships . The arena has also hosted many major national sporting events including the 1999 and 2003 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball regional first and second rounds , the 2009 , 2012 , and 2018 Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight , the 1998 Frozen Four , the 2004 Frozen Four , the 2014 United States Figure Skating Championships , the 2006 Women 's Final Four , and the 2015 Frozen Four . It hosted games 3 , 4 , and 6 of the 2011 Stanley Cup Finals and the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals for the Bruins , Games 1 , 2 , 5 , and 7 of the 2019 Stanley Cup Finals for the Bruins , and games 1 , 2 , and 6 of the 2008 NBA Finals and games 3 , 4 , and 5 of the 2010 NBA Finals for the Celtics . Furthermore , it hosted the NA LCS 2017 Summer Split Finals . TD Garden is also set to host the 2020 Laver Cup , an international mens tennis tournament ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17,565", "urls": [] }, { "value": "720,165", "urls": [] }, { "value": "100.0%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose Sharks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_Sharks", "summary": "The San Jose Sharks are a professional ice hockey team based in San Jose , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . The franchise is owned by San Jose Sports & Entertainment Enterprises . Beginning play in the 1991-92 season , the Sharks initially played their home games at the Cow Palace , before they moved to their present home , now named SAP Center at San Jose , in 1993 . The SAP Center is known locally as the Shark Tank . The Sharks were founded in 1991 and were the first NHL franchise based in the San Francisco Bay Area since the California Golden Seals relocated to Cleveland in 1976 . The Sharks have advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals once , losing to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2016 . They have won the Presidents ' Trophy once , as the team with the league 's best regular season record in the 2008-09 season . They have also won six division titles as a member of the Pacific Division since 1993 . The club is affiliated with the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League ." } ] }, { "value": "SAP Center at San Jose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SAP_Center_at_San_Jose", "summary": "The SAP Center at San Jose ( originally known as San Jose Arena ) is an indoor arena located in San Jose , California . Its primary tenant is the San Jose Sharks of the National Hockey League , for which the arena has earned the nickname The Shark Tank . It is also home to the San Jose Barracuda of the American Hockey League ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17,420", "urls": [] }, { "value": "696,807", "urls": [] }, { "value": "99.6%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dallas Stars", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dallas_Stars", "summary": "The Dallas Stars are a professional ice hockey team based in Dallas . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Central Division of the Western Conference . The team was founded during the 1967 NHL expansion as the Minnesota North Stars , based in Bloomington , Minnesota . Before the beginning of the 1978-79 NHL season , the team merged with the Cleveland Barons after the league granted them permission due to each team 's respective financial struggles . Ultimately , the franchise relocated to Dallas for the 1993-94 NHL season . The Stars played out of Reunion Arena from their relocation until 2001 , when the team moved less than 1.5 miles into the American Airlines Center . The Stars have won eight division titles in Dallas , two Presidents ' Trophies as the top regular season team in the league , the Western Conference championship twice , and in 1998-99 , the Stanley Cup . Joe Nieuwendyk won the Conn Smythe Trophy as the most valuable player of the playoffs that year . In 2000 , Neal Broten was inducted into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame . In 2009 , Brett Hull became the first Dallas Stars player inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame , followed by Ed Belfour and Joe Nieuwendyk in 2011 and Mike Modano in 2014 . In 2010 , brothers Derian and Kevin Hatcher were inducted to the United States Hockey Hall of Fame ." } ] }, { "value": "American Airlines Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Airlines_Center", "summary": "American Airlines Center ( AAC ) is a multi-purpose arena , located in the Victory Park neighborhood in downtown Dallas , Texas . The arena serves as the home to the Dallas Mavericks of the National Basketball Association , and the Dallas Stars of the National Hockey League . The arena is also used for concerts and other live entertainment . It opened in 2001 at a cost of $ 420 million ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17,350", "urls": [] }, { "value": "711,359", "urls": [] }, { "value": "93.6%", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anaheim Ducks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks", "summary": "The Anaheim Ducks are a professional ice hockey team based in Anaheim , California . They compete in the National Hockey League ( NHL ) as a member of the Pacific Division of the Western Conference . Since their inception , the Ducks have played their home games at the Honda Center . The club was founded in 1993 by The Walt Disney Company as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim , a name based on the 1992 film The Mighty Ducks . Disney sold the franchise in 2005 to Henry and Susan Samueli , who along with then-general manager Brian Burke , changed the name of the team to the Anaheim Ducks before the 2006-07 season . The Ducks have made the playoffs 14 times , won six Pacific Division titles ( 2006-07 , 2012-13 , 2013-14 , 2014-15 , 2015-16 , 2016-17 ) , two Western Conference championships ( 2002-03 and 2006-07 ) , and one Stanley Cup ( 2006-07 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Honda Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Honda_Center", "summary": "The Honda Center ( formerly known as the Arrowhead Pond of Anaheim ) is an indoor arena located in Anaheim , California . The arena is home to the Anaheim Ducks of the National Hockey League . Originally named the Anaheim Arena during construction , it was completed in 1993 at a cost of US $ 123 million . Arrowhead Water paid $ 15 million for the naming rights over 10 years in October 1993 . In the short period of time between the enfranchisement of the Mighty Ducks and the naming rights deal with Arrowhead , Disney referred to the Arena as the Pond of Anaheim . In October 2006 , Honda paid $ 60 million for the naming rights over 15 years ." } ] }, { "value": "41", "urls": [] }, { "value": "16,874", "urls": [] }, { "value": "691,835", "urls": [] }, { "value": "98.3%", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "2014–15 attendance statistics", "section_text": "Gila River Arena Honda Center Prudential Center Rogers Arena", "uid": "List_of_National_Hockey_League_attendance_figures_4", "intro": "The National Hockey League is one of the top attended professional sports in the world, as well as one of the top two attended indoor sports in both average and total attendance. As of the 2018-19 season the NHL averaged 17,377 live spectators per game, and 22,002,081 total for the season." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hague_Convention_on_Hospital_Ships", "title": "Hague Convention on Hospital Ships", "header": [ "State", "Signature year", "Ratification year", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Austria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austria", "summary": "Austria ( /ˈɒstriə/ ( listen ) , /ˈɔːs-/ ; German : Österreich [ ˈøːstɐʁaɪ̯ç ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Austria ( German : Republik Österreich , listen ( help·info ) ) , is a landlocked East Alpine country in the southern part of Central Europe . It is composed of nine federated states ( Bundesländer ) , one of which is Vienna , Austria 's capital and its largest city . It is bordered by Germany to the northwest , Czech Republic to the north , Slovakia to the northeast , Hungary to the east , Slovenia and Italy to the south , and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west . Austria occupies an area of 83,879 km2 ( 32,386 sq mi ) and has a population of nearly 9 million people . While German is the country 's official language , many Austrians communicate informally in a variety of Bavarian dialects . Austria initially emerged as a margraviate around 976 and developed into a duchy and archduchy . In the 16th century , Austria started serving as the heart of the Habsburg Monarchy and the junior branch of the House of Habsburg - one of the most influential royal dynasties in history . As an archduchy , it was a major component and administrative centre of the Holy Roman Empire . Early in the 19th century , Austria established its own empire , which became a great power and the leading force of the German Confederation but pursued its own course independently of the other German states . Following the Austro-Prussian War and the compromise with Hungary , the Dual Monarchy was established . Austria was involved in World War I under Emperor Franz Joseph following the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand , the presumptive successor to the Austro-Hungarian throne . After the defeat and the dissolution of the Monarchy , the Republic of German-Austria was proclaimed with the intent of the union with Germany , which eventually failed because of the Allied Powers and the state remained unrecognized ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as Austria-Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austria-Hungary", "summary": "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "Belgium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgium", "summary": "Belgium , [ A ] officially the Kingdom of Belgium , is a country in Western Europe . It is bordered by the Netherlands to the north , Germany to the east , Luxembourg to the southeast , France to the southwest , and the North Sea to the northwest . It covers an area of 30,689 km2 ( 11,849 sq mi ) and has a population of more than 11.5 million , making it the 22nd most densely populated country in the world and the 6th most densely populated country in Europe , with a density of 376 per square kilometre ( 970/sq mi ) . The capital and largest city is Brussels ; other major cities are Antwerp , Ghent , Charleroi and Liège . The sovereign state is a federal constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system . Its institutional organization is complex and is structured on both regional and linguistic grounds . It is divided into three highly autonomous regions : the Flemish Region in the north , Wallonia in the south , and the Brussels-Capital Region . Brussels is the smallest and most densely populated region , as well as the richest region in terms of GDP per capita . Belgium is home to two main linguistic groups or communities : the Dutch-speaking Flemish Community , which constitutes about 60 percent of the population , and the French-speaking Community , which comprises about 40 percent of all Belgians . A small German-speaking Community , numbering around one percent , exists in the East Cantons . The Brussels-Capital Region is officially bilingual ( French and Dutch ) , although French is the dominant language . Belgium 's linguistic diversity and related political conflicts are reflected in its political history and complex system of governance , made up of six different governments ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/China", "summary": "China ( Chinese : 中国 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó ) , officially the People 's Republic of China ( PRC ) , is a country in East Asia and is the world 's most populous country , with a population of around 1.428 billion in 2017 . Covering approximately 9,600,000 square kilometers ( 3,700,000 sq mi ) , it is the third largest country by area . [ j ] Governed by the Communist Party of China , the state exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces , [ k ] five autonomous regions , four direct-controlled municipalities ( Beijing , Tianjin , Shanghai , and Chongqing ) , and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau . China emerged as one of the world 's first civilizations , in the fertile basin of the Yellow River in the North China Plain . For millennia , China 's political system was based on hereditary monarchies , or dynasties , beginning with the semi-mythical Xia dynasty in 21st century BCE . Since then , China has expanded , fractured , and re-unified numerous times . In the 3rd century BCE , the Qin reunited core China and established the first Chinese empire . The succeeding Han dynasty , which ruled from 206 BCE until 220 CE , saw some of the most advanced technology at that time , including papermaking and the compass , along with agricultural and medical improvements . The invention of gunpowder and movable type in the Tang dynasty ( 618-907 ) and Northern Song ( 960-1127 ) completed the Four Great Inventions . Tang culture spread widely in Asia , as the new Silk Route brought traders to as far as Mesopotamia and the Horn of Africa . Dynastic rule ended in 1912 with the Xinhai Revolution , when the Republic of China ( ROC ) replaced the Qing dynasty . China , as a whole , was ravaged by feudal warlordism and Japan during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified by the Qing Dynasty government of China", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qing_dynasty", "summary": "The Qing dynasty , officially the Great Qing ( [ tɕʰíŋ ] ) , was the last imperial dynasty of China . It was established in 1636 , and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1911 . It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China . The Qing multi-cultural empire lasted for almost three centuries and formed the territorial base for modern China . It was the fifth largest empire in world history . The dynasty was founded by the Manchu Aisin Gioro clan in Manchuria . In the late sixteenth century , Nurhaci , originally a Ming vassal , began organizing Banners , military-social units that included Manchu , Han , and Mongol elements . Nurhaci united Manchu clans and officially proclaimed the Later Jin dynasty in 1616 . His son Hong Taiji began driving Ming forces out of the Liaodong Peninsula and declared a new dynasty , the Qing , in 1636 . As Ming control disintegrated , peasant rebels led by Li Zicheng conquered the capital , Beijing , in 1644 . Ming general Wu Sangui refused to serve them , but opened the Shanhai Pass to the Banner Armies led by the regent Prince Dorgon , who defeated the rebels and seized the capital . Dorgon served as Prince Regent under the Shunzhi Emperor and implemented policies of rule ." } ] }, { "value": "Cuba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cuba", "summary": "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Free City of Danzig", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig", "summary": "The Free City of Danzig ( German : Freie Stadt Danzig ; Polish : Wolne Miasto Gdańsk ) was a semi-autonomous city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939 , consisting of the Baltic Sea port of Danzig ( now Gdańsk , Poland ) and nearly 200 towns and villages in the surrounding areas . It was created on 15 November 1920 in accordance with the terms of Article 100 ( Section XI of Part III ) of the 1919 Treaty of Versailles after the end of World War I . The Free City included the city of Danzig and other nearby towns , villages , and settlements that were primarily inhabited by Germans . As the Treaty stated , the region was to remain separated from post-World War I Germany ( the Weimar Republic ) and from the newly independent nation of the Second Polish Republic ( interwar Poland ) , but it was not an independent state . The Free City was under League of Nations protection and put into a binding customs union with Poland . Poland was given certain rights pertaining to communication , the railways and port facilities in the city . The Free City was created in order to give Poland access to a well-sized seaport . The Free City 's population of 410,000 was 98% German , 1% Polish and 1% other . However , in the 1920 Free City of Danzig Constituent Assembly election , the Polish Party received over 6% of the vote , the percentage of votes later declined to about 3% . Poland proceeded to build the city of Gdynia in 1921 . This completely new port north of Gdansk was established on territory awarded in 1919 . By 1933 , the commerce passing through Gdynia exceeded that of Danzig ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1921", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The ratification by the Free City of Danzig has no application to a current state", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Denmark", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Denmark", "summary": "Denmark ( Danish : Danmark , pronounced [ ˈtænmak ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Denmark , [ N 10 ] [ N 2 ] is a Nordic country in Northwest Europe . Denmark proper , which is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries , consists of a peninsula , Jutland , and an archipelago of 443 named islands , [ N 2 ] with the largest being Zealand , Funen and the North Jutlandic Island . The islands are characterised by flat , arable land and sandy coasts , low elevation and a temperate climate . The southernmost of the Scandinavian nations , Denmark lies southwest of Sweden and south of Norway , [ N 11 ] and is bordered to the south by Germany . The Kingdom of Denmark also includes two autonomous territories in the North Atlantic Ocean : the Faroe Islands and Greenland . Denmark has a total area of 42,924 km2 ( 16,573 sq mi ) , land area of 42,394 km2 ( 16,368 sq mi ) , and the total area including Greenland and the Faroe Islands is 2,210,579 km2 ( 853,509 sq mi ) , and a population of 5.8 million in Denmark proper ( Danish egentlige Danmark ) ( as of 2020 [ update ] ) . The unified kingdom of Denmark emerged in the 8th century as a proficient seafaring nation in the struggle for control of the Baltic Sea . Denmark , Sweden , and Norway were ruled together under one sovereign ruler in the Kalmar Union , established in 1397 and ending with Swedish secession in 1523 . The areas of Denmark and Norway remained under the same monarch until 1814 , Denmark-Norway . Beginning in the 17th century , there were several devastating wars with the Swedish Empire , ending with large cessions of territory to Sweden . After the Napoleonic Wars , Norway was ceded to Sweden , while Denmark kept the Faroe Islands , Greenland , and Iceland . In the 19th century there was a surge of nationalist movements , which were defeated in the First Schleswig War ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "France", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/France", "summary": "France ( French : [ fʁɑ̃s ] ( listen ) ) , officially the French Republic ( French : République française , pronounced [ ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛːz ] ( listen ) ) , is a country whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . [ XIII ] The metropolitan area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . It is bordered by Belgium , Luxembourg and Germany to the northeast , Switzerland and Italy to the east , and Andorra and Spain to the south . The overseas territories include French Guiana in South America and several islands in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . The country 's 18 integral regions ( five of which are situated overseas ) span a combined area of 643,801 square kilometres ( 248,573 sq mi ) and a total population of 67.02 million ( as of July 2019 [ update ] ) . France is a unitary semi-presidential republic with its capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban areas include Lyon , Marseille , Toulouse , Bordeaux , Lille and Nice . France , including its overseas territories , has the most number of time zones of any country , with a total of 12 . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . Rome annexed the area in 51 BC , holding it until the arrival of Germanic Franks in 476 , who formed the Kingdom of Francia . The Treaty of Verdun of 843 partitioned Francia into East Francia , Middle Francia and West Francia . West Francia , which became the Kingdom of France in 987 , emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , following its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337-1453 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified by the government of the French Third Republic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/French_Third_Republic", "summary": "The French Third Republic ( French : La Troisième République , sometimes written as La IIIe République ) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 , when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War , until 10 July 1940 after France 's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France . The early days of the Third Republic were dominated by political disruptions caused by the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 , which the Republic continued to wage after the fall of Emperor Napoleon III in 1870 . Harsh reparations exacted by the Prussians after the war resulted in the loss of the French regions of Alsace ( keeping the Territoire de Belfort ) and Lorraine ( the northeastern part , i.e . present-day department of Moselle ) , social upheaval , and the establishment of the Paris Commune . The early governments of the Third Republic considered re-establishing the monarchy , but disagreement as to the nature of that monarchy and the rightful occupant of the throne could not be resolved . Consequently , the Third Republic , originally envisioned as a provisional government , instead became the permanent form of government of France . The French Constitutional Laws of 1875 defined the composition of the Third Republic . It consisted of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate to form the legislative branch of government and a president to serve as head of state . Calls for the re-establishment of the monarchy dominated the tenures of the first two presidents , Adolphe Thiers and Patrice de MacMahon , but growing support for the republican form of government among the French populace and a series of republican presidents in the 1880s gradually quashed prospects of a monarchical restoration . The Third Republic established many French colonial possessions , including French Indochina , French Madagascar , French Polynesia , and large territories in West Africa during the Scramble for Africa , all of them acquired during the last two decades of the 19th century . The early years of the 20th century were dominated by the Democratic Republican Alliance , which was originally conceived as a centre-left political alliance , but over time became the main centre-right party . The period from the start of World War I to the late 1930s featured sharply polarized politics , between the Democratic Republican Alliance and the Radicals ." } ] }, { "value": "Germany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germany", "summary": "Germany ( German : Deutschland , German pronunciation : [ ˈdɔʏtʃlant ] ) , constitutionally the Federal Republic of Germany ( German : Bundesrepublik Deutschland , listen ( help·info ) ) , [ f ] is a country in Central and Western Europe . It borders Denmark to the north , Poland and the Czech Republic to the east , Austria and Switzerland to the south , France to the southwest , and Luxembourg , Belgium , and the Netherlands to the west . Germany includes 16 constituent states , covers an area of 357,386 square kilometres ( 137,988 sq mi ) , and has a largely temperate seasonal climate . With 83 million inhabitants , it is the second most populous state of Europe after Russia , the most populous state lying entirely in Europe , as well as the most populous member state of the European Union . Germany is a very decentralised country . Its capital and largest metropolis is Berlin , while Frankfurt serves as its financial capital and has the country 's busiest airport . Various Germanic tribes have inhabited the northern parts of modern Germany since classical antiquity . A region named Germania was documented before AD 100 . Beginning in the 10th century , German territories formed a central part of the Holy Roman Empire . During the 16th century , northern German regions became the centre of the Protestant Reformation . After the collapse of the Holy Roman Empire , the German Confederation was formed in 1815 . The German revolutions of 1848-49 resulted in the Frankfurt Parliament establishing major democratic rights ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the German Empire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/German_Empire", "summary": "The German Empire ( German : Deutsches Kaiserreich , officially Deutsches Reich ) , sometimes referred to as Imperial Germany , was the German nation state that existed from the unification of Germany in 1871 until the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II in 1918 . It was founded on 1 January 1871 when the south German states , except for Austria , joined the North German Confederation and the new constitution came into force changing the name of the federal state to the German Empire and introduced the title of German Emperor for Wilhelm I , King of Prussia from the House of Hohenzollern . Berlin remained its capital , and Otto , Prince of Bismarck , Minister-President of Prussia became Chancellor , the head of government . As these events occurred , the Prussian-led North German Confederation and its southern German allies were still engaged in the Franco-Prussian War . The German Empire consisted of 26 states , most of them ruled by royal families . They included four kingdoms , six grand duchies , five duchies ( six before 1876 ) , seven principalities , three free Hanseatic cities , and one imperial territory . Although Prussia was one of several kingdoms in the realm , it contained about two thirds of Germany 's population and territory . Prussian dominance had also been established constitutionally . After 1850 , the states of Germany had rapidly become industrialized , with particular strengths in coal , iron ( and later steel ) , chemicals , and railways . In 1871 , Germany had a population of 41 million people ; by 1913 , this had increased to 68 million . A heavily rural collection of states in 1815 , the now united Germany became predominantly urban . During its 47 years of existence , the German Empire was an industrial , technological , and scientific giant , gaining more Nobel Prizes in science than any other country ." } ] }, { "value": "Greece", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greece", "summary": "Greece ( Greek : Ελλάδα ) , officially the Hellenic Republic ( Greek : Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ) , historically also known as Hellas , is a country located in Southeast Europe . Its population is approximately 10.7 million as of 2018 ; Athens , the nation 's capital , is its largest city , followed by Thessaloniki . Situated on the southern tip of the Balkan Peninsula , Greece is located at the crossroads of Europe , Asia , and Africa . It shares land borders with Albania to the northwest , North Macedonia and Bulgaria to the north , and Turkey to the northeast . The Aegean Sea lies to the east of the mainland , the Ionian Sea to the west , the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south . Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at 13,676 km ( 8,498 mi ) in length , featuring many islands , of which 227 are inhabited . Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous , with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at 2,918 metres ( 9,573 ft ) . The country consists of nine traditional geographic regions : Macedonia , Central Greece , the Peloponnese , Thessaly , Epirus , the Aegean Islands ( including the Dodecanese and Cyclades ) , Thrace , Crete , and the Ionian Islands . Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation , being the birthplace of democracy , Western philosophy , Western literature , historiography , political science , major scientific and mathematical principles , Western drama and the Olympic Games . From the eighth century B.C. , the Greeks were organised into various independent city-states , known as poleis ( singular polis ) , which spanned the entire Mediterranean region and the Black Sea . Philip of Macedon united most of the Greek mainland in the fourth century BC , with his son Alexander the Great rapidly conquering much of the ancient world , from the eastern Mediterranean to India . Greece was annexed by Rome in the second century B.C. , becoming an integral part of the Roman Empire and its successor , the Byzantine Empire , which adopted the Greek language and culture ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the Kingdom of Greece", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Greece", "summary": "The Kingdom of Greece ( Greek : Βασίλειον τῆς Ἑλλάδος [ vaˈsiliɔn ˈtis ɛˈlaðɔs ] ) was a state established in 1832 at the Convention of London by the Great Powers ( the United Kingdom , Kingdom of France and the Russian Empire ) . It was internationally recognised by the Treaty of Constantinople , where it also secured full independence from the Ottoman Empire . This event also marked the birth of the first fully independent Greek state since the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in the mid-15th century . The Kingdom succeeded from the Greek provisional governments after the Greek War of Independence , and lasted until 1924 . In 1924 the monarchy was abolished , and the Second Hellenic Republic was established , after Greece 's defeat by Turkey in the Asia Minor Campaign . It lasted until 1935 , when it was overthrown by a military coup d'état which restored the monarchy . The restored Kingdom of Greece lasted from 1935 to 1973 . [ note 1 ] [ note 2 ] The Kingdom was again dissolved in the aftermath of the seven-year military dictatorship ( 1967-1974 ) , and the Third Republic , the current Greek state , came to be , after a popular referendum ." } ] }, { "value": "Guatemala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guatemala", "summary": "Guatemala ( /ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ ( listen ) GWAH-tə-MAH-lə ; Spanish : [ gwateˈmala ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Guatemala ( Spanish : República de Guatemala ) , is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast , Honduras to the east , El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south . With an estimated population of around 17.2 million , it is the most populous country in Central America . Guatemala is a representative democracy ; its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . The territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization , which extended across Mesoamerica . Most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century , becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain . Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America , which dissolved by 1841 . From the mid- to late-19th century , Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife . Beginning in the early 20th century , it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company and the United States government . In 1944 , the authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup , initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms . A U.S.-backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship . From 1960 to 1996 , Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels , including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military . Since a United Nations-negotiated peace accord , Guatemala has witnessed both economic growth and successful democratic elections , though it continues to struggle with high rates of poverty , crime , drug trade , and instability ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1906", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hungary", "summary": "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as Austria-Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austria-Hungary", "summary": "Austria-Hungary , often referred to as the Austro-Hungarian Empire or the Dual Monarchy , was a constitutional monarchy in Central and Eastern Europe between 1867 and 1918 . It was formed when the Austrian Empire adopted a new constitution ; as a result Austria ( Cisleithania ) and Hungary ( Transleithania ) were placed on equal footing . It dissolved when its member states proclaimed sovereignty and independence following the First World War . The union was established by the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 on 30 March 1867 in the aftermath of the Austro-Prussian War . It consisted of two monarchies ( Austria and Hungary ) , and one autonomous region : the Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia under the Hungarian crown , which negotiated the Croatian-Hungarian Settlement in 1868 . It was ruled by the House of Habsburg , and constituted the last phase in the constitutional evolution of the Habsburg Monarchy . Following the 1867 reforms , the Austrian and Hungarian states were co-equal in power . Foreign and military affairs came under joint oversight , but all other governmental faculties were divided between respective states . Austria-Hungary was a multinational state and one of Europe 's major powers at the time . Austria-Hungary was geographically the second-largest country in Europe after the Russian Empire , at 621,538 km2 ( 239,977 sq mi ) , and the third-most populous ( after Russia and the German Empire ) . The Empire built up the fourth-largest machine building industry of the world , after the United States , Germany , and the United Kingdom . Austria-Hungary also became the world 's third largest manufacturer and exporter of electric home appliances , electric industrial appliances and power generation apparatus for power plants , after the United States and the German Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "Iran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iran", "summary": "Iran ( Persian : ایران Irān [ ʔiːˈɾɒːn ] ( listen ) ) , also called Persia , and officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ( Persian : جمهوری اسلامی ایران Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān ( listen ) [ dʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒn ] ) , is a country in Western Asia . With 82 million inhabitants , Iran is the world 's 18th most populous country . Its territory spans 1,648,195 km2 ( 636,372 sq mi ) , making it the second largest country in the Middle East and the 17th largest in the world . Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan , [ a ] to the north by the Caspian Sea , to the northeast by Turkmenistan , to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan , to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman , and to the west by Turkey and Iraq . Its central location in Eurasia and Western Asia , and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz , give it geostrategic importance . Tehran is the political and economic center of Iran , and the largest and most populous city in Western Asia with more than 8.8 million residents in the city and 15 million in the larger metropolitan area . Iran is home to one of the world 's oldest civilizations , beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE . It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE , and reached its territorial height in the sixth century BCE under Cyrus the Great , whose Achaemenid Empire stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley , one of the largest empires in history . The empire fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states . An Iranian rebellion established the Parthian Empire in the third century BCE , which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire , a leading world power for the next four centuries . Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE , and the subsequent Islamization of Iran led to the decline of the once dominant Zoroastrian religion . Iran 's major contributions to art , philosophy , and science spread throughout the Muslim world and beyond during the Islamic Golden Age ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1908", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as Persia by the Qajar dynasty government", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qajar_dynasty", "summary": "The Qajar dynasty ( listen ( help·info ) ; Persian : سلسله قاجار Selsele-ye Qājār ; [ a ] ) was an Iranian royal dynasty of Turkic origin , specifically from the Qajar tribe , ruling over Iran from 1789 to 1925 . The Qajar family took full control of Iran in 1794 , deposing Lotf 'Ali Khan , the last Shah of the Zand dynasty , and re-asserted Iranian sovereignty over large parts of the Caucasus . In 1796 , Mohammad Khan Qajar seized Mashhad with ease , putting an end to the Afsharid dynasty , and Mohammad Khan was formally crowned as Shah after his punitive campaign against Iran 's Georgian subjects . In the Caucasus , the Qajar dynasty permanently lost many of Iran 's integral areas to the Russians over the course of the 19th century , comprising modern-day Georgia , Dagestan , Azerbaijan and Armenia ." } ] }, { "value": "Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Italy", "summary": "Italy ( Italian : Italia [ iˈtaːlja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Italian Republic ( Italian : Repubblica Italiana [ reˈpubblika itaˈljaːna ] ) , is a European country consisting of a peninsula delimited by the Alps and surrounded by several islands . Italy is located in south-central Europe , and it is also considered a part of Western Europe . The country covers a total area of 301,340 km2 ( 116,350 sq mi ) and shares land borders with France , Switzerland , Austria , Slovenia , and the enclaved microstates of Vatican City and San Marino . Italy has a territorial exclave in Switzerland ( Campione ) and a maritime exclave in the Tunisian Sea ( Lampedusa ) . With around 60 million inhabitants , Italy is the third-most populous member state of the European Union . The capital and largest city is Rome ; other major cities are Milan , Naples , Turin , Palermo , Genoa , Bologna , Florence and Venice . Due to its central geographic location in Southern Europe and the Mediterranean , Italy has historically been home to myriad peoples and cultures . In addition to the various ancient peoples dispersed throughout what is now modern-day Italy , the most predominant being the Indo-European Italic peoples who gave the peninsula its name , beginning from the classical era , Phoenicians and Carthaginians founded colonies mostly in insular Italy , Greeks established settlements in the so-called Magna Graecia of Southern Italy , while Etruscans and Celts inhabited central and northern Italy respectively . An Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom in the 8th century BC , which eventually became a republic with a government of the Senate and the People . The Roman Republic initially conquered and assimilated its neighbours on the Italian peninsula , eventually expanding and conquering parts of Europe , North Africa and Asia . By the first century BC , the Roman Empire emerged as the dominant power in the Mediterranean Basin and became a leading cultural , political and religious centre , inaugurating the Pax Romana , a period of more than 200 years during which Italy 's law , technology , economy , art , and literature developed . Italy remained the homeland of the Romans and the metropole of the empire , whose legacy can also be observed in the global distribution of culture , governments , Christianity and the Latin script ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the Kingdom of Italy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy", "summary": "The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian : Regno d'Italia ) was a state which existed from 1861 - when King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia was proclaimed King of Italy - until 1946 - when civil discontent led an institutional referendum to abandon the monarchy and form the modern Italian Republic . The state was founded as a result of the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia , which can be considered its legal predecessor state . Italy declared war on Austria in alliance with Prussia in 1866 and received the region of Veneto following their victory . Italian troops entered Rome in 1870 , thereby ending more than one thousand years of Papal temporal power . Italy entered into a Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1882 , following strong disagreements with France about the respective colonial expansions . However , even if relations with Berlin became very friendly , the alliance with Vienna remained purely formal as the Italians were keen to acquire Trentino and Trieste , corners of Austria-Hungary populated by Italians . So during World War I , Italy accepted the British invitation to join the Allied Powers , as the western powers promised territorial compensation ( at the expense of Austria-Hungary ) for participation that was more generous than Vienna 's offer in exchange for Italian neutrality . Victory in the war gave Italy a permanent seat in the Council of the League of Nations . Fascist Italy is the era of National Fascist Party government from 1922 to 1943 with Benito Mussolini as head of government . The fascists imposed totalitarian rule and crushed the political and intellectual opposition , while promoting economic modernization , traditional social values and a rapprochement with the Roman Catholic Church . According to Payne ( 1996 ) , [ the ] Fascist government passed through several relatively distinct phases . The first phase ( 1923-1925 ) was nominally a continuation of the parliamentary system , albeit with a legally-organized executive dictatorship ." } ] }, { "value": "Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Japan", "summary": "Japan ( Japanese : 日本 , Nippon [ ɲippoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) or Nihon [ ɲihoꜜɴ ] ( listen ) ) is an island country located in East Asia . It is bordered by the Sea of Japan to the west and the Pacific Ocean to the east , and spans more than 3,000 kilometers ( 1,900 mi ) along the coast of the continent from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Philippine Sea in the south . Part of the Pacific Ring of Fire , Japan encompasses a stratovolcanic archipelago of about 6,852 islands , with five main islands ( Hokkaido , Honshu , Kyushu , Shikoku , and Okinawa ) comprising 97% of the country 's total area of 377,975 square kilometers ( 145,937 sq mi ) . Japan is officially divided into 47 prefectures and traditionally into eight regions . Approximately two-thirds of the country 's terrain is mountainous and heavily forested , and less than one-eighth of land is suitable for agriculture . Consequently , Japan is among the most densely populated and urbanized countries in the world , with over 90% of its population living in urban areas . The largest of these is the metropolitan area centered on the capital city of Tokyo , which is the most populous in the world and home to more than 38 million people . Japan itself is the world 's eleventh most populous country with a population of 126.2 million , of which 97.8% are ethnically Japanese . The kanji ( or Chinese characters ) that make up the name of Japan in the Japanese language mean sun origin ; in the Western world , the country is often known by the sobriquet Land of the Rising Sun . Periods of influence from other regions , primarily China , followed by periods of isolation , particularly from Western Europe , have characterized the history of Japan . While archaeological evidence indicates that Japan was inhabited as early as the Upper Paleolithic period , the first written mention of the archipelago appears in Chinese texts from the first century AD . Between the fourth and ninth centuries , the kingdoms of Japan became gradually unified under an Emperor and imperial court based in Heian-kyō ( modern Kyoto ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the Empire of Japan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Empire_of_Japan", "summary": "The Empire of Japan ( 大日本帝國 , Dai Nippon Teikoku , literally Empire of Great Japan ) was the historical nation-state [ nb 2 ] and great power that existed from the Meiji Restoration in 1868 to the enactment of the 1947 constitution of modern Japan . Japan 's rapid industrialization and militarization under the slogan Fukoku Kyōhei ( 富國強兵 , Enrich the Country , Strengthen her Armed Forces ) and Shokusan Kōgyō ( 殖産興業 , Promote Industry ) led to its emergence as a world power and the establishment of a colonial empire following the First Sino-Japanese War , the Boxer Rebellion , the Russo-Japanese War , and World War I . Economic and political turmoil in the 1920s led to the rise of militarism and totalitarianism , eventually culminating in Japan 's membership in the Axis alliance and the conquest of a large part of the Asia-Pacific in World War II . Japan 's armed forces initially achieved large-scale military successes during the Second Sino-Japanese War ( 1937-1945 ) and the Pacific War . However , after many Allied victories and following the Soviet Union 's declaration of war against Japan on August 9 , 1945 , and subsequent invasion of Manchuria and other territories , and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , the Empire surrendered to the Allies on August 15 , 1945 . A period of occupation by the Allies followed . In 1947 , with American involvement , a new constitution was enacted , officially bringing the Empire of Japan to an end . Occupation and reconstruction continued until 1952 , eventually forming the current constitutional monarchy known as Japan . The Emperors during this time , which spanned the entire Meiji , Taishō , and the lesser part of the Shōwa era , are now known in Japan by their posthumous names , which coincide with those era names : Emperor Meiji ( Mutsuhito ) , Emperor Taishō ( Yoshihito ) , and Emperor Shōwa ( Hirohito ) ." } ] }, { "value": "South Korea", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Korea", "summary": "South Korea ( Korean : 한국/韓國 ; RR : Hanguk or literally 남한/南韓 ; RR : Namhan ) , officially the Republic of Korea ( Korean : 대한민국/大韓民國 ; RR : Daehan Minguk ) is a country in East Asia , constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and sharing a land border with North Korea . The name Korea is derived from Goguryeo , which was one of the great powers in East Asia during its time , ruling most of the Korean Peninsula , Manchuria , parts of the Russian Far East and Inner Mongolia under Gwanggaeto the Great . Its capital , Seoul , is a major global city and half of South Korea 's over 51 million people live in the Seoul Capital Area , the fourth largest metropolitan economy in the world . The Korean Peninsula was inhabited as early as the Lower Paleolithic period . Its first kingdom was noted in Chinese records in the early 7th century BC . Following the unification of the Three Kingdoms of Korea into Silla and Balhae in the late 7th century , Korea was ruled by the Goryeo dynasty ( 918-1392 ) and the Joseon dynasty ( 1392-1897 ) . The succeeding Korean Empire was annexed into the Empire of Japan in 1910 . After World War II , Korea was divided into Soviet and U.S.-administered zones , with the latter becoming the Republic of Korea in August 1948 . In 1950 , a North Korean invasion began the Korean War and after its end in 1953 , the country 's economy began to soar , recording the fastest rise in average GDP per capita in the world between 1980 and 1990 . Authoritarian rule ended in 1987 and the country is now the most advanced democracy with the highest level of press freedom in Asia . South Korea is a member of the OECD 's Development Assistance Committee , the G20 and the Paris Club . South Korea is a highly developed country and the world 's 12th-largest economy by nominal GDP ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the Korean Empire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Korean_Empire", "summary": "The Korean Empire ( transcripted as Daehan Jeguk , Korean : 대한제국 ; Hanja : 大韓帝國 , lit . Great Korean Empire ) was the last independent unified Korean state . Proclaimed in October 1897 by Emperor Gojong of the Joseon dynasty , the empire stood until Japan 's annexation of Korea in August 1910 . During the Korean Empire , Emperor Gojong oversaw the Gwangmu Reform , a partial modernization and Westernization of the military , economy , land system , and education system , and of various industries . In 1905 , Korea was made a colonial protectorate of Japan and in 1910 it was annexed by the country outright ." } ] }, { "value": "Luxembourg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luxembourg", "summary": "Luxembourg ( /ˈlʌksəmbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) LUK-səm-burg ; Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuerg [ ˈlətsəbuə̯ɕ ] ( listen ) ; French : Luxembourg ; German : Luxemburg ) , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , [ c ] is a landlocked country in western Europe . It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north , Germany to the east , and France to the south . Its capital , Luxembourg City , is one of the four official capitals of the European Union ( together with Brussels , Frankfurt , and Strasbourg ) and the seat of the European Court of Justice , the highest judicial authority in the EU . Its culture , people , and languages are highly intertwined with its neighbours , making it essentially a mixture of French and German cultures , as evident by the nation 's three official languages : French , German , and the national language of Luxembourgish . The repeated invasions by Germany , especially in World War II , resulted in the country 's strong will for mediation between France and Germany and , among other things , led to the foundation of the European Union . With an area of 2,586 square kilometres ( 998 sq mi ) , it is one of the smallest sovereign states in Europe . In 2019 , Luxembourg had a population of 613,894 , which makes it one of the least-populous countries in Europe , but by far the one with the highest population growth rate . Foreigners account for nearly half of Luxembourg 's population . As a representative democracy with a constitutional monarch , it is headed by Grand Duke Henri and is the world 's only remaining sovereign grand duchy . Luxembourg is a developed country , with an advanced economy and one of the world 's highest GDP ( PPP ) per capita . The City of Luxembourg with its old quarters and fortifications was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 due to the exceptional preservation of the vast fortifications and the old city . The history of Luxembourg is considered to begin in 963 , when count Siegfried acquired a rocky promontory and its Roman-era fortifications known as Lucilinburhuc , little castle , and the surrounding area from the Imperial Abbey of St. Maximin in nearby Trier ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mexico", "summary": "Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montenegro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montenegro", "summary": "Montenegro ( /ˌmɒntɪˈneɪɡroʊ , -ˈniːɡroʊ , -ˈnɛɡroʊ/ ( listen ) ; Montenegrin : Црна Гора , romanized : Crna Gora , [ tsr̩̂ːnaː ɡǒra ] ) is a country of South and Southeast Europe on the coast of the Balkans . It borders Bosnia-Herzegovina to the northwest , Serbia to the northeast , Kosovo [ a ] to the east , Albania to the southeast , the Adriatic Sea to the southwest , and Croatia to the west . Montenegro has an area of 13,812 square kilometres and a population of 620,079 ( 2011 census ) . Its capital Podgorica is one of the twenty-three municipalities in the country . Cetinje is designated as the Old Royal Capital . During the Early Medieval period , three principalities were located on the territory of modern-day Montenegro : Duklja , roughly corresponding to the southern half ; Travunia , the west ; and Rascia proper , the north . In 1042 , archon Stefan Vojislav led a revolt that resulted in the independence of Duklja from the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of the Vojislavljević dynasty . After being ruled by the Nemanjić dynasty for two centuries , the independent Principality of Zeta emerged in the 14th and 15th centuries , ruled by the House of Balšić between 1356 and 1421 , and by the House of Crnojević between 1431 and 1498 , when the name Montenegro started being used for the country . After falling under Ottoman rule , Montenegro regained de facto independence in 1697 under the rule of the House of Petrović-Njegoš , first under the theocratic rule of prince-bishops , before being transformed into a secular principality in 1852 . Montenegro 's de jure independence was recognised by the Great Powers at the Congress of Berlin in 1878 , following the Montenegrin-Ottoman War . In 1905 , the country became a kingdom . After World War I , it became part of Yugoslavia ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Signed and ratified as the Principality of Montenegro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Principality_of_Montenegro", "summary": "The Principality of Montenegro ( Serbian : Књажевина Црнa Горa / Knjaževina Crna Gora ) was a former realm in Southeastern Europe that existed from 13 March 1852 to 28 August 1910 . It was then proclaimed a kingdom by Nikola I , who then became king . The capital was Cetinje and the Montenegrin perper was used as state currency from 1906 . The territory corresponded to the central area of modern Montenegro . It was a constitutional monarchy , but de facto absolutist ." } ] }, { "value": "Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "1904", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Entry into force and parties", "section_text": "The Hague Convention on Hospital Ships was concluded on 21 December 1904 and entered into force on 26 March 1907 . It was signed by 26 states and as of 2014 it is in force for 30 states . One state—Serbia—signed the treaty but has not ratified it . The convention remains in force for the states that ratified it .", "uid": "Hague_Convention_on_Hospital_Ships_0", "intro": "The Hague Convention on Hospital Ships is a 1904 multilateral treaty that supplemented the 1899 Hague Convention for the adaptation to Maritime Warfare of the Principles of the Geneva Convention. The convention established that during times of war, hospital ships would be exempted from dues and taxes imposed on vessels in the ports of the states that ratify the treaty. It is the one treaty on the laws of war that was concluded between the two conferences at The Hague in 1899 and 1907." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec", "title": "List of regional county municipalities and equivalent territories in Quebec", "header": [ "Region", "Type", "Code", "Name", "Major communities" ], "data": [ { "value": "02 Saguenay- Lac-Saint-Jean", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean", "summary": "Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ( French pronunciation : ​ [ saɡnɛ lak sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ ] , locally [ saɡne lak sẽ ʒã ] ) is a region in Quebec , Canada . It contains the Saguenay Fjord , the estuary of the Saguenay River , stretching through much of the region . It is also known as Sagamie in French , from the first part of Saguenay and the last part of Piekouagami , the Innu name ( meaning flat lake ) for Lac Saint-Jean , with the final e added to follow the model of other existing region names such as Mauricie , Témiscamie , Jamésie , and Matawinie . The name Saguenay is possibly derived from the Innu word Saki-nip which means where water flows out . With a land area of 98,712.71 km2 ( 38,113.9 sq mi ) , the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean is , after the Nord-du-Québec and Côte-Nord regions , the third-largest of Quebec regions in the area . This region is bathed by two major watercourses , Lac Saint-Jean and the Saguenay River , both of which mark its landscape deeply and have been the main drives of its development in history . It is also irrigated by several other large watercourses . Bordered by forests and mountainous massifs , the southern portion of the region constitutes a fertile enclave in the Canadian Shield called the Saguenay Graben . Both the scenery and the cultural sites and activities of Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean attract tourists every year . Lac Saint-Jean is a popular vacation destination in the summer for residents of the more urban regions of Quebec . The region is considered the heartland of the Quebec sovereignty movement . The beauty of the region can be seen in the 1991 film Black Robe , directed by Bruce Beresford ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "941", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saguenay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec", "summary": "Saguenay ( /ˈsæɡəneɪ , ˌsæɡəˈneɪ/ SAG-ə-nay , -⁠NAY , French : [ saɡnɛ ] , locally [ -ne ] ) is a city in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec , Canada , on the Saguenay River , about 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) north of Quebec City by overland route . It is about 126 kilometres ( 78 mi ) upriver and northwest of Tadoussac , located at the confluence with the St. Lawrence River . It was formed in 2002 by merging the cities of Chicoutimi and Jonquière and the town of La Baie . Chicoutimi was founded by the French in 1676 . The city of Saguenay constitutes a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) ; its geographical code is 941 . Together with the regional county municipality of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay , it forms the census division ( CD ) of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord ( 94 ) . The mayor of Saguenay is Josée Néron . Prior to its use as the name of the city , the term the Saguenay or ( less commonly ) Saguenay Valley had already been used for the whole Saguenay River region ( see Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ) . Saguenay is the seat of the judicial district of Chicoutimi . The city is divided into three boroughs : Chicoutimi ( which includes the former city of Chicoutimi , as well as Laterrière and Tremblay township ) , Jonquière ( which includes the former city of Jonquière , Lac-Kénogami , and Shipshaw ) and La Baie ( which corresponds to the former city of La Baie ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Saguenay ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saguenay,_Quebec", "summary": "Saguenay ( /ˈsæɡəneɪ , ˌsæɡəˈneɪ/ SAG-ə-nay , -⁠NAY , French : [ saɡnɛ ] , locally [ -ne ] ) is a city in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec , Canada , on the Saguenay River , about 200 kilometres ( 120 mi ) north of Quebec City by overland route . It is about 126 kilometres ( 78 mi ) upriver and northwest of Tadoussac , located at the confluence with the St. Lawrence River . It was formed in 2002 by merging the cities of Chicoutimi and Jonquière and the town of La Baie . Chicoutimi was founded by the French in 1676 . The city of Saguenay constitutes a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) ; its geographical code is 941 . Together with the regional county municipality of Le Fjord-du-Saguenay , it forms the census division ( CD ) of Le Saguenay-et-son-Fjord ( 94 ) . The mayor of Saguenay is Josée Néron . Prior to its use as the name of the city , the term the Saguenay or ( less commonly ) Saguenay Valley had already been used for the whole Saguenay River region ( see Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean ) . Saguenay is the seat of the judicial district of Chicoutimi . The city is divided into three boroughs : Chicoutimi ( which includes the former city of Chicoutimi , as well as Laterrière and Tremblay township ) , Jonquière ( which includes the former city of Jonquière , Lac-Kénogami , and Shipshaw ) and La Baie ( which corresponds to the former city of La Baie ) ." } ] }, { "value": "03 Capitale-Nationale", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capitale-Nationale", "summary": "Capitale-Nationale ( French pronunciation : ​ [ kapital nasjɔnal ] ; English : National Capital region ) is one of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec . Quebec City , Quebec 's centre of government , is located in this region . It has a land area of 18,797.45 km2 . It reported a total resident population of 729,997 as of the Canada 2016 Census , with Quebec City having 73.7 percent of the total . Prior to January 2000 , it was known as the Québec administrative region ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Québec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Québec_(census_division)", "summary": "Québec is a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec . Its geographical code is 23 . The TE of Québec consists of :" } ] }, { "value": "Quebec ( V ) , Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures ( V ) , L'Ancienne-Lorette ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quebec_City", "summary": "Quebec City ( /kwɪˈbɛk/ ( listen ) or /kəˈbɛk/ ; French : Québec [ kebɛk ] ( listen ) ; French : Ville de Québec , Western Abnaki : Kephek ) , officially Québec , is the capital city of the Canadian province of Quebec . As of July 2016 the city has a population of 531,902 , and the metropolitan area had a population of 800,296 . It is the eleventh largest city and the seventh largest metropolitan area in Canada . The Algonquian people had originally named the area Kébec , an Algonquin [ note 1 ] word meaning where the river narrows , because the Saint Lawrence River narrows proximate to the promontory of Quebec and its Cape Diamant . Explorer Samuel de Champlain founded a French settlement here in 1608 , and adopted the Algonquin name . Quebec City is one of the oldest European cities in North America . The ramparts surrounding Old Quebec ( Vieux-Québec ) are the only fortified city walls remaining in the Americas north of Mexico . This area was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985 as the Historic District of Old Québec . The city 's landmarks include the Château Frontenac hotel that dominates the skyline and the Citadelle of Quebec , an intact fortress that forms the centrepiece of the ramparts surrounding the old city and includes a secondary royal residence . The National Assembly of Quebec ( provincial legislature ) , the Musée national des beaux-arts du Québec ( National Museum of Fine Arts of Quebec ) , and the Musée de la civilisation ( Museum of Civilization ) are found within or near Vieux-Québec ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures", "summary": "Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures is a city in central Quebec , Canada , on the Saint Lawrence River , adjacent to Quebec City . The town was founded in 1691 by three families ( Desroches , Racette , Couture ) . It was merged with Quebec City on January 1 , 2002 as part of the 2000-2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec and became part of the Laurentien borough of that city . However , after a 2004 referendum it was re-established as a separate city on January 1 , 2006 . The local post office was previously named Saint-Augustin-de-Portneuf from 1852 , then Saint-Augustin-de-Québec from 1918 until this was renamed to the community 's current name in 1986 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/L'Ancienne-Lorette,_Quebec", "summary": "L'Ancienne-Lorette is a city in central Quebec , Canada . It is a suburb of and an enclave within Quebec City . It was merged with Quebec City on January 1 , 2002 as part of a 2000-2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec , but after a 2004 referendum it was reconstituted as a separate city on January 1 , 2006 . Its history dates back to 1674 when a group of Hurons fleeing war with the Iroquois settled there under the protection of the French . They left after a few decades and French settlers took over the land ." } ] }, { "value": "04 Mauricie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mauricie", "summary": "Mauricie ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔʁisi ] ) is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec . La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region , making it a prime tourist location . The region has a land area of 35,860.05 km² ( 13,845.64 sq mi ) and a population of 266,112 residents as of the 2016 Census . Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan . The word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis . Mauricie administrative region was created on August 20 , 1997 from the split of Mauricie-Bois-Francs administrative region into Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec . However , the concept of Mauricie as a traditional region long predates this ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shawinigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shawinigan", "summary": "Shawinigan is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec , Canada . It had a population of 50,060 as of the Canada 2011 Census . Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Shawinigan . Its geographical code is 36 . Shawinigan is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-Maurice . The name Shawinigan has had numerous spellings over time : Chaouinigane , Oshaouinigane , Assaouinigane , Achawénégan , Chawinigame , Shawenigane , Chaouénigane . It may mean south portage , portage of beeches , angular portage , or summit or crest . Before 1958 , the city was known as Shawinigan Falls ." } ] }, { "value": "Shawinigan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shawinigan", "summary": "Shawinigan is a city located on the Saint-Maurice River in the Mauricie area in Quebec , Canada . It had a population of 50,060 as of the Canada 2011 Census . Shawinigan is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Shawinigan . Its geographical code is 36 . Shawinigan is the seat of the judicial district of Saint-Maurice . The name Shawinigan has had numerous spellings over time : Chaouinigane , Oshaouinigane , Assaouinigane , Achawénégan , Chawinigame , Shawenigane , Chaouénigane . It may mean south portage , portage of beeches , angular portage , or summit or crest . Before 1958 , the city was known as Shawinigan Falls ." } ] }, { "value": "04 Mauricie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mauricie", "summary": "Mauricie ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔʁisi ] ) is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec . La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region , making it a prime tourist location . The region has a land area of 35,860.05 km² ( 13,845.64 sq mi ) and a population of 266,112 residents as of the 2016 Census . Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan . The word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis . Mauricie administrative region was created on August 20 , 1997 from the split of Mauricie-Bois-Francs administrative region into Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec . However , the concept of Mauricie as a traditional region long predates this ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "371", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trois-Rivières", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trois-Rivières", "summary": "Trois-Rivières ( French pronunciation : ​ [ tʁwɑ ʁivjɛʁ ] , locally [ tʁwɔ ʁivjaɛ̯ʁ ] ( listen ) ; Three Rivers ) is a city in the Mauricie administrative region of Quebec , Canada , at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence rivers , on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the city of Bécancour . It is part of the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor and is approximately halfway between Montreal and Quebec City . Trois-Rivières is the economic and cultural hub of the Mauricie region . The settlement was founded by French colonists on July 4 , 1634 , as the second permanent settlement in New France , after Quebec City in 1608 . The city 's name , which is French for 'three rivers ' , is named for the fact the Saint-Maurice River has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River ; it is divided by two islands in the river . Historically , in the English language this city was known as Three Rivers . Since the late 20th century , when there has been more recognition of Quebec and French speakers , and French was made an official language , the city is generally referred to as Trois-Rivières in both English and French . The anglicized name still appears in many areas of the town ( e.g. , the city 's Three Rivers Academy ) , bearing witness to the influence of English settlers in the town . The city 's inhabitants are known as Trifluviens ( Trifluvians ) . Trois-Rivières is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Trois-Rivières . Its geographical code is 371 . Together with the regional county municipality of Les Chenaux , it forms the census division ( CD ) of Francheville ( 37 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Trois-Rivières", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trois-Rivières", "summary": "Trois-Rivières ( French pronunciation : ​ [ tʁwɑ ʁivjɛʁ ] , locally [ tʁwɔ ʁivjaɛ̯ʁ ] ( listen ) ; Three Rivers ) is a city in the Mauricie administrative region of Quebec , Canada , at the confluence of the Saint-Maurice and Saint Lawrence rivers , on the north shore of the Saint Lawrence River across from the city of Bécancour . It is part of the densely populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor and is approximately halfway between Montreal and Quebec City . Trois-Rivières is the economic and cultural hub of the Mauricie region . The settlement was founded by French colonists on July 4 , 1634 , as the second permanent settlement in New France , after Quebec City in 1608 . The city 's name , which is French for 'three rivers ' , is named for the fact the Saint-Maurice River has three mouths at the Saint Lawrence River ; it is divided by two islands in the river . Historically , in the English language this city was known as Three Rivers . Since the late 20th century , when there has been more recognition of Quebec and French speakers , and French was made an official language , the city is generally referred to as Trois-Rivières in both English and French . The anglicized name still appears in many areas of the town ( e.g. , the city 's Three Rivers Academy ) , bearing witness to the influence of English settlers in the town . The city 's inhabitants are known as Trifluviens ( Trifluvians ) . Trois-Rivières is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Trois-Rivières . Its geographical code is 371 . Together with the regional county municipality of Les Chenaux , it forms the census division ( CD ) of Francheville ( 37 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "04 Mauricie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mauricie", "summary": "Mauricie ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔʁisi ] ) is a traditional and current administrative region of Quebec . La Mauricie National Park is contained within the region , making it a prime tourist location . The region has a land area of 35,860.05 km² ( 13,845.64 sq mi ) and a population of 266,112 residents as of the 2016 Census . Its largest cities are Trois-Rivières and Shawinigan . The word Mauricie was coined by local priest and historian Albert Tessier and is based on the Saint-Maurice river which runs through the region on a North-South axis . Mauricie administrative region was created on August 20 , 1997 from the split of Mauricie-Bois-Francs administrative region into Mauricie and Centre-du-Québec . However , the concept of Mauricie as a traditional region long predates this ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "90", "urls": [] }, { "value": "La Tuque", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_Tuque_(census_division)", "summary": "La Tuque is a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec . Its geographical code is 90 ." } ] }, { "value": "La Tuque ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/La_Tuque,_Quebec", "summary": "La Tuque is a city located in north-central Quebec , Canada , on the Saint-Maurice River , between Trois-Rivières and Chambord . The population was 11,227 at the Canada 2011 Census , most of which live within the urban area . While the urban area of La Tuque is relatively small , as of 2012 , its entire territory is the largest municipality in Canada . It consists of almost all the entire former regional county municipality of Le Haut-Saint-Maurice , and includes the settlements of Carignan , La Croche , Fitzpatrick , Oskélanéo , Parent , Rapide-Blanc , Rivière-aux-Rats , and Sanmaur . Enclosed by but administratively not part of the city are the three Indian Reserves of Coucoucache , Obedjiwan , and Wemotaci . It is larger than Rwanda and Haiti . The local economy centres on pulp and paper ; the city has a pulp-milling centre as well as a major hydroelectric station . As the gateway to the upper Mauricie , La Tuque 's economy also offers outdoor tourism opportunities and caters to hunting and fishing trips in its large hinterland ; the city is known as the Queen of Haute-Mauricie and the Classique internationale de canots de la Mauricie canoeing race begins at La Tuque ." } ] }, { "value": "05 Estrie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estrie", "summary": "The Estrie ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ɛstʁi ] ) is an administrative region of Quebec that mostly overlaps the Eastern Townships ( though not entirely ) . Estrie , a French neologism , was coined as a derivative of est , east . The region has a land area of 10,212.00 km² ( 3,942.88 sq mi ) and a population of 319,004 inhabitants as of the 2016 Census . Its largest population centre is the city of Sherbrooke . Estrie also has numerous natural parks ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "43", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sherbrooke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sherbrooke", "summary": "Sherbrooke ( /ˈʃɜːrbrʊk/ ; French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃɛʁbʁuk ] ; Quebec French pronunciation [ ʃɛʁbʁʊk ] ) is a city in southern Quebec , Canada . Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François ( St. Francis ) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region . Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke . With 161,323 residents at the 2016 census , Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada . The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 212,105 inhabitants , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada . Originally known as Hyatt 's Mill , it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke ( 1764-1840 ) , a British general who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia ( 1812-1816 ) , and Governor General of British North America ( 1816-1818 ) . Sherbrooke is the primary economic , political , cultural and institutional centre of Estrie , and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century . There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people , 3,700 of whom are professors , teachers and researchers . The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars . The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants . In proportion to its population , Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec . Since the nineteenth century , Sherbrooke has been a manufacturing centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Sherbrooke ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sherbrooke", "summary": "Sherbrooke ( /ˈʃɜːrbrʊk/ ; French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃɛʁbʁuk ] ; Quebec French pronunciation [ ʃɛʁbʁʊk ] ) is a city in southern Quebec , Canada . Sherbrooke is situated at the confluence of the Saint-François ( St. Francis ) and Magog rivers in the heart of the Estrie administrative region . Sherbrooke is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Sherbrooke . With 161,323 residents at the 2016 census , Sherbrooke was the sixth largest city in the province of Quebec and the thirtieth largest in Canada . The Sherbrooke Census Metropolitan Area had 212,105 inhabitants , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Quebec and nineteenth largest in Canada . Originally known as Hyatt 's Mill , it was renamed after Sir John Coape Sherbrooke ( 1764-1840 ) , a British general who was Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia ( 1812-1816 ) , and Governor General of British North America ( 1816-1818 ) . Sherbrooke is the primary economic , political , cultural and institutional centre of Estrie , and was known as the Queen of the Eastern Townships at the beginning of the 20th century . There are eight institutions educating 40,000 students and employing 11,000 people , 3,700 of whom are professors , teachers and researchers . The direct economic impact of these institutions exceeds 1 billion dollars . The proportion of university students is 10.32 students per 100 inhabitants . In proportion to its population , Sherbrooke has the largest concentration of students in Quebec . Since the nineteenth century , Sherbrooke has been a manufacturing centre ." } ] }, { "value": "06 Montréal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal", "summary": "Montréal is one of the administrative regions of the Canadian province of Quebec . It is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and a census division ( CD ) , for both of which its geographical code is 66 . Prior to the merger of the municipalities in Region 06 in 2002 , the administrative region was co-extensive with the Montreal Urban Community . Located in the southern part of the province , the territory includes several of the islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago in the Saint Lawrence River , including the Island of Montreal , Nuns ' Island ( Île des Sœurs ) , Île Bizard , Saint Helen 's Island ( Île Sainte-Hélène ) , Île Notre-Dame , Dorval Island ( Île Dorval ) , and several others . The region is the second-smallest in area ( 499.26 km² , or 192.77 sq mi ) and most populous ( 1,942,044 as of the 2016 Census ) of Quebec 's seventeen administrative regions ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "66", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Montréal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Montreal", "summary": "Montréal is one of the administrative regions of the Canadian province of Quebec . It is also a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and a census division ( CD ) , for both of which its geographical code is 66 . Prior to the merger of the municipalities in Region 06 in 2002 , the administrative region was co-extensive with the Montreal Urban Community . Located in the southern part of the province , the territory includes several of the islands of the Hochelaga Archipelago in the Saint Lawrence River , including the Island of Montreal , Nuns ' Island ( Île des Sœurs ) , Île Bizard , Saint Helen 's Island ( Île Sainte-Hélène ) , Île Notre-Dame , Dorval Island ( Île Dorval ) , and several others . The region is the second-smallest in area ( 499.26 km² , or 192.77 sq mi ) and most populous ( 1,942,044 as of the 2016 Census ) of Quebec 's seventeen administrative regions ." } ] }, { "value": "Montreal ( V ) , Westmount ( V ) , Montreal West ( V ) , Côte Saint-Luc ( V ) , Hampstead ( V ) , Mount Royal ( V ) , Dorval ( V ) , Pointe-Claire ( V ) , Kirkland ( V ) , Beaconsfield ( V ) , Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue ( V ) , Dollard-des-Ormeaux ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montreal", "summary": "Montreal ( /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/ ( listen ) MUN-tree-AWL ; officially Montréal , French : [ mɔ̃ʁeal ] ( listen ) ) is the most populous municipality in the Canadian province of Quebec and the second-most populous municipality in Canada . Originally founded in 1642 as Ville-Marie , or City of Mary , it is named after Mount Royal , the triple-peaked hill in the heart of the city . The city is centred on the Island of Montreal , which got its name from the same origin as the city , and a few much smaller peripheral islands , the largest of which is Île Bizard . It has a distinct four-season continental climate with warm to hot summers and cold , snowy winters . In 2016 , the city had a population of 1,704,694 , with a population of 1,942,247 in the urban agglomeration , including all of the other municipalities on the Island of Montreal . The broader metropolitan area had a population of 4,098,247 . French is the city 's official language and is the language spoken at home by 49.8% of the population of the city , followed by English at 22.8% and 18.3% other languages ( in the 2016 census , not including multi-language responses ) . In the larger Montreal Census Metropolitan Area , 65.8% of the population speaks French at home , compared to 15.3% who speak English . The agglomeration Montreal is one of the most bilingual cities in Quebec and Canada , with over 59% of the population able to speak both English and French . Montreal is the second largest primarily French-speaking city in the developed world , after Paris . It is situated 196 km ( 122 mi ) east of the national capital Ottawa , and 258 km ( 160 mi ) south-west of the provincial capital Quebec City . Historically the commercial capital of Canada , Montreal was surpassed in population and in economic strength by Toronto in the 1970s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Westmount,_Quebec", "summary": "Westmount is an affluent suburb on the Island of Montreal , in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is an enclave of the city of Montreal , with a population of 19,931 as of the Canada 2011 Census . Westmount is home to schools , an arena , a pool , a public library and a number of parks , including Westmount Park , King George Park ( also known as Murray Hill Park ) and Westmount Summit . The city operates its own electricity distribution company Westmount Light & Power ( Hydro-Westmount ) . The city is also the location of two Canadian Forces Primary Reserves : The Royal Montreal Regiment and 34th Signals Regiment . Traditionally , the community of Westmount has been a wealthy and predominantly anglophone enclave , having been at one point the richest community in Canada . It now competes with the Vancouver neighbourhoods of Shaughnessy and Kerrisdale , and the Toronto neighbourhoods of Lawrence Park , Forest Hill , Rosedale , and The Bridle Path , for the title ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Montreal_West,_Quebec", "summary": "Montreal West ( French : Montréal-Ouest ) is an on-island suburb in southwestern Quebec , Canada on the Island of Montreal . Montreal West is a small , close-knit community made up primarily of single-family dwellings . The town is largely composed of young families , and has a population of 5,085 , as of the 2011 census . The town 's area is 1.6 km² . About 66% of the population of Montreal West speak English as their first language . The core business area of Montreal West is located on Westminster Avenue between Sherbrooke and Curzon . Until 2010 , it consisted exclusively of small , non-franchised businesses , but in a controversial decision , the Pharmaprix drugstore chain was allowed to open a large outlet on the corner of Westminster and Sherbrooke Street . On January 1 , 2002 , as part of the 2002-2006 municipal reorganization in Montreal , Montreal West and the neighbouring suburbs of Côte-Saint-Luc and Hampstead were merged into the City of Montreal and became the borough of Côte-Saint-Luc-Hampstead-Montreal West . Following a change of government and a 2004 referendum in which the population voted to de-merge by a wide margin , Montreal West was reconstituted as an independent city on January 1 , 2006 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Côte_Saint-Luc", "summary": "Côte-Saint-Luc ( French pronunciation : ​ [ kot sɛ̃ lyk ] ) , also spelled Côte Saint-Luc , is an on-island suburb of Montreal in Quebec , Canada ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hampstead,_Quebec", "summary": "Hampstead is an affluent on-island suburb of Montreal , Quebec . Despite its status as an independent municipality , the town itself is engulfed by the boroughs of Montreal creating a garden city setting within an urban environment ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mount_Royal,_Quebec", "summary": "Mount Royal ( officially , Town of Mount Royal , abbreviated TMR ) is an affluent on-island suburban town located on the northwest side of the eponymous Mount Royal , northwest of Downtown Montreal , on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is completely surrounded by Montreal . The population was 20,276 as of the Canada 2016 Census . In 2008 , most of the Town of Mount Royal was designated a National Historic Site of Canada , as a [ remarkable ] synthesis of urban renewal movements of the early 20th century , reflecting the influence of the City Beautiful , Garden City and Garden Suburb movements . The town celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2012 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dorval", "summary": "Dorval /dɔːrˈvæl/ ( French pronunciation : ​ [ dɔʁval ] ) is an on-island suburb on the island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . In 2016 , the Canadian Census indicated that the population increased by 4.2% to 18,980 . Although the city has the largest surface area in the West Island , it is among the least densely populated . Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport constitutes about 60% of the city 's land , forcing all of Dorval 's population to be concentrated in the southern part of the city . Dorval is the oldest city in the West Island , having been founded in 1667 , and one of the oldest in Canada and North America ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pointe-Claire", "summary": "Pointe-Claire ( French pronunciation : ​ [ pwɛ̃t klɛʁ ] ) is a suburb of Greater Montreal in Quebec , Canada . Pointe-Claire is largely residential in character , but is also the site of much economic activity , such as retail activity , light manufacturing , various corporate offices , and a hospital . The population is about 31,000 and about 7,000 people are employed there ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kirkland,_Quebec", "summary": "Kirkland is an on-island suburb on the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . As of 2016 , the population was 20,151 , representing a percentage change of 5.2% from 2011 . This compares to the national average growth of 5.9% . Land area is 9.64 square kilometers with a population density of 2,204.4 persons per square kilometer . This compares to the provincial areas of 1,356,547.2 square kilometers with a population density of 5.8 persons per square kilometer . In 2011 , Kirkland had 6,828 private dwellings occupied by usual residents . The change in private dwellings occupied by usual residents from 2006 was 4.4% . For Canada as a whole , the number of private dwellings occupied by usual residents increase by 7.1% . Kirkland is part of the census metropolitan area of Montreal . In Kirkland , 62.2% of the total population aged 15 and over were either married ( 57.2% ) or living with a common-law partner ( 5.0% ) . The remaining 37.7% were not married and not living with a common-law partner , including those who were single , separated , divorced or widowed . The city of Kirkland is named after Charles-Aimé Kirkland , a Quebec provincial politician ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Beaconsfield,_Quebec", "summary": "Beaconsfield is a suburb on the Island of Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Incorporated in 1910 , named in honour of Benjamin Disraeli , Earl of Beaconsfield , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and close confidant of Queen Victoria , the city 's historical roots go back as far as 1698 . It is part of the Greater Montreal region locally referred to as the West Island . It is a prestigious residential community located on the north shore of Lac Saint-Louis , bordered on the west by Baie-D'Urfé , north by Kirkland and east by Pointe-Claire . Beaconsfield , in its current form , was developed as a cottage community by affluent Montreal residents . Over the decades , the city has transformed from summer homes , to year-round residents , and has flourished . The population of Beaconsfield , as of the Canada 2016 Census , is 19,324 . While the population is predominantly anglophone , 77% of residents speak both official languages of Canada . Most residents live in single-family homes , though there are residents of townhouses and apartment buildings . As part of the 2002-2006 municipal reorganization of Montreal Beaconsfield and neighbouring Baie-D'Urfé became the borough of Beaconsfield-Baie-D'Urfé and were merged into the city of Montreal . After a change of government , and the 2004 referendum , both Baie-D'Urfé and Beaconsfield voted to de-merge from Montreal . On January 1 , 2006 , they were reconstituted as independent cities ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue,_Quebec", "summary": "Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue ( French pronunciation : ​ [ sɛ̃t an də bɛlvy ] ) is an on-island suburb located at the western tip of the Island of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . It is the second oldest community in Montreal 's West Island , having been founded as a parish in 1703 . The oldest , Dorval , was founded in 1667 . Points of interest include the Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue Canal ( a National Historic Site of Canada ) , the Sainte-Anne Veterans ' Hospital , the Morgan Arboretum , and the L'Anse-à-l'Orme Nature Park . Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue is also home to John Abbott College and McGill University 's Macdonald Campus , which includes the J. S. Marshall Radar Observatory and the Canadian Aviation Heritage Centre as well as about 2 square kilometres ( 0.77 sq mi ) of farmland which separates the small town from neighbouring Baie-d'Urfé ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dollard-des-Ormeaux", "summary": "Dollard-des-Ormeaux ( French pronunciation : ​ [ dɔlaʁ de zɔʁmo ] ; commonly referred to as D.D.O . or simply Dollard ) is a predominantly English-speaking on-island suburb of Montreal in southwestern Quebec , Canada . The town was named after French martyr Adam Dollard des Ormeaux . The town was merged with the city of Montreal in 2002 and became part of the borough of Dollard-Des Ormeaux-Roxboro . When residents were offered the option , they chose to leave the City of Montreal and the town was reinstated as a separate entity in 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "07 Outaouais", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outaouais", "summary": "Outaouais ( French pronunciation : ​ [ utawɛ ] ) ; ( /uːtəweɪ/ ; also commonly called The Outaouais ) is a region of western Quebec , Canada . It includes the city of Gatineau ( Hull , Aylmer , Gatineau , Masson-Angers , Buckingham ) , the Pontiac region , and the town of Maniwaki , and is located on the north side of the Ottawa River opposite Canada 's capital , Ottawa . It has a land area of 30,808.69 square kilometres ( 11,895.30 sq mi ) and its population was 382,604 inhabitants as of the 2016 Census ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "81", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gatineau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gatineau", "summary": "Gatineau ( /ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ ; French : [ ɡatino ] ) is a city in western Quebec , Canada . It is the fourth-largest city in the province after Montreal , Quebec City , and Laval . It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River , immediately across from Ottawa , Ontario , together with which it forms Canada 's National Capital Region . As of 2016 , Gatineau had a population of 276,245 , and a metropolitan population of 332,057 . The Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area had a population of 1,323,783 . Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of the same name , whose geographical code is 81 . It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull ." } ] }, { "value": "Gatineau ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gatineau", "summary": "Gatineau ( /ˈɡætɪnoʊ/ ; French : [ ɡatino ] ) is a city in western Quebec , Canada . It is the fourth-largest city in the province after Montreal , Quebec City , and Laval . It is located on the northern bank of the Ottawa River , immediately across from Ottawa , Ontario , together with which it forms Canada 's National Capital Region . As of 2016 , Gatineau had a population of 276,245 , and a metropolitan population of 332,057 . The Ottawa-Gatineau census metropolitan area had a population of 1,323,783 . Gatineau is coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of the same name , whose geographical code is 81 . It is the seat of the judicial district of Hull ." } ] }, { "value": "08 Abitibi-Témiscamingue", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abitibi-Témiscamingue", "summary": "Abitibi-Témiscamingue ( French pronunciation : ​ [ abitibi temiskamɛ̃ɡ ] ) is an administrative region located in western Québec , Canada , along the border with Ontario . It became part of the province in 1898 . It has a land area of 57,736.50 square kilometres ( 22,292.19 sq mi ) and its population was 146,717 people as of the 2016 Census . The region is divided into five regional county municipalities ( French : municipalité régionale de comté , or MRC ) and 79 municipalities . Its economy continues to be dominated by resource extraction industries . These include logging , mining all along the rich geologic Cadillac Fault between Val-d'Or and Rouyn-Noranda , as well as agriculture ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "86", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rouyn-Noranda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda", "summary": "Rouyn-Noranda ( 2011 population 41,012 ) is a city on Osisko Lake in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec , Canada . The city of Rouyn-Noranda is a coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec of the same name . Their geographical code is 86 ." } ] }, { "value": "Rouyn-Noranda ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rouyn-Noranda", "summary": "Rouyn-Noranda ( 2011 population 41,012 ) is a city on Osisko Lake in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region of Quebec , Canada . The city of Rouyn-Noranda is a coextensive with a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec of the same name . Their geographical code is 86 ." } ] }, { "value": "10 Nord-du-Québec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nord-du-Québec", "summary": "Nord-du-Québec ( French pronunciation : ​ [ nɔʁ dy kebɛk ] ; English : Northern Quebec ) is the largest , but the least populous , of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec , Canada . With nearly 750,000 square kilometres ( 290,000 sq mi ) of land area , and very extensive lakes and rivers , it covers much of the Labrador Peninsula and about 55% of the total land surface area of Quebec , while containing a little more than 0.5% of the population . Before 1912 , the northernmost part of this region was known as the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories , and until 1987 it was referred to as Nouveau-Québec , or New Quebec . It is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west , Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north , Labrador in the northeast , and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue , Mauricie , Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean , and Côte-Nord in the south and southeast . The Nord-du-Québec region is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 ; other regions covered ( in part ) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord , Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kativik", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kativik_(territory_equivalent_to_a_regional_county_municipality)", "summary": "Kativik is a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) of Quebec , with geographical code 992 . Its land area is 443,372.20 km² ( 171,186.96 sq mi ) , and its population was 12,090 at the 2011 Census of Canada . Together with the TEs of Jamésie and Eeyou Istchee , it forms the administrative region and census division ( CD ) of Nord-du-Québec . The TE of Kativik is coextensive with the territory of the Kativik Regional Government . It comprises all of Nunavik except the Cree reserved land ( TC ) of Whapmagoostui and the Cree village municipality ( VC ) also called Whapmagoostui , which belong to Eeyou Istchee TE ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10 Nord-du-Québec", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nord-du-Québec", "summary": "Nord-du-Québec ( French pronunciation : ​ [ nɔʁ dy kebɛk ] ; English : Northern Quebec ) is the largest , but the least populous , of the seventeen administrative regions of Quebec , Canada . With nearly 750,000 square kilometres ( 290,000 sq mi ) of land area , and very extensive lakes and rivers , it covers much of the Labrador Peninsula and about 55% of the total land surface area of Quebec , while containing a little more than 0.5% of the population . Before 1912 , the northernmost part of this region was known as the Ungava District of the Northwest Territories , and until 1987 it was referred to as Nouveau-Québec , or New Quebec . It is bordered by Hudson Bay and James Bay in the west , Hudson Strait and Ungava Bay in the north , Labrador in the northeast , and the administrative regions of Abitibi-Témiscamingue , Mauricie , Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean , and Côte-Nord in the south and southeast . The Nord-du-Québec region is part of the territory covered by the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement of 1975 ; other regions covered ( in part ) by this Agreement include Côte-Nord , Mauricie and Abitibi-Témiscamingue administrative regions ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eeyou Istchee Baie-James", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eeyou_Istchee_James_Bay_Territory", "summary": "Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government ( French : Gouvernement régional dEeyou Istchee Baie-James , Cree : ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌ ᒉᐃᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ ᐊᔅᒌᐤ ᑎᐹᔨᐦᒋᒑᐎᓐ iiyiyiw aychii cheimiy pei aychiiw tipaayihchichaawin ) is a local municipality in the Jamésie ( TE ) in administrative region of Nord-du-Québec ." } ] }, { "value": "Chibougamau ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chibougamau", "summary": "Chibougamau ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃi.bu.ga.mo ] ) is the largest town in Nord-du-Québec , central Quebec , Canada . Located on Lake Gilman it has a population of 7,504 people ( 2016 Canadian Census ) . Chibougamau is completely surrounded by , but not part of , the local municipality of Eeyou Istchee James Bay Regional Government . Due to its remoteness from Lac Saint-Jean ( over 200 km ( 124 mi ) south-east ) and Abitibi-Témiscamingue ( over 250 km ( 155 mi ) south-west ) areas , Chibougamau provides services for a few smaller communities surrounding it ( Mistissini , Oujé-Bougoumou and Chapais ) and for the regional resource-based industries . Despite Chibougamau 's remoteness , it is only about as far north as Winnipeg . Nearby are Lake Aux Dorés , which is fed by the Chibougamau River from the larger Chibougamau Lake , after which the town was named . Chibougamau means Gathering place in the Cree language . The neighbouring Cree village of Oujé-Bougoumou has the same name with a more traditional Cree spelling . The area surrounding Lake Gilman is Obalski Park . Its amenities include a beach , pier , picnic tables , cabins , among others . The many trails allow for hiking , cycling , cross-country skiing , or even snowmobiling through the park 's boreal forest . Access to the town is by Route 167 from Lac Saint-Jean and by Route 113 from Lebel-sur-Quévillon ." } ] }, { "value": "11 Gaspésie- Îles-de-la-Madeleine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaspésie–Îles-de-la-Madeleine", "summary": "Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ɡaspezi il də la madlɛn ] ) is an administrative region of Quebec consisting of the Gaspé Peninsula ( Gaspésie ) and the Îles-de-la-Madeleine . It lies in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence at the eastern extreme of southern Quebec . The predominant economic activities are fishing , forestry and tourism ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "01", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magdalen_Islands", "summary": "The Magdalen Islands ( French : les Îles de la Madeleine [ lez‿il də la madˈlɛn ] ) are a small archipelago in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence with a land area of 205.53 square kilometres ( 79.36 sq mi ) . Administratively , the islands are part of the Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine region in the Canadian province of Quebec , but geographically , they are closer to the Maritime provinces than to the Gaspé Peninsula , on the Quebec mainland . The islands form the territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and the census division ( CD ) of Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine . Their geographical code is 01 . The islands also form the urban agglomeration of Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine , which is divided into two municipalities : Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine ( 2011 census pop . 12,291 ) , the central municipality , and Grosse-Île ( pop . 490 ) . Their mayors are Jonathan Lapierre and Rose Elmonde Clarke , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine ( M )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Les_Îles-de-la-Madeleine,_Quebec", "summary": "Magdalen Islands is one of two municipalities forming the urban agglomeration of Magdalen Islands in Quebec , Canada . It is part of the Gaspésie-Îles-de-la-Madeleine region and its population was 12,010 as of the 2016 Census . As part of a municipal reorganization across Quebec , the seven communities of the Magdalen Islands amalgamated to form the municipality of Magdalen Islands on January 1 , 2002 . However , after a referendum in 2004 the community of Grosse-Île decided to split from the municipality , effective January 1 , 2006 . Although Grindstone likewise voted to split in the same referendum , it did not actually do so ." } ] }, { "value": "12 Chaudière-Appalaches", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chaudière-Appalaches", "summary": "Chaudière-Appalaches ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ʃodjɛʁ apalaʃ ] ) is an administrative region in Quebec , Canada . It comprises most of what is historically known as the Beauce ( French : La Beauce ; compare with the electoral district of Beauce ) . It is named for the Chaudière River and the Appalachian Mountains . Chaudière-Appalaches has a population of 420,082 residents ( as of the Canada 2016 Census ) and a land area of 15,083.25 square kilometres ( 5,823.68 sq mi ) . The main cities are Lévis , Saint-Georges , Thetford Mines , Sainte-Marie and Montmagny ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "251", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lévis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lévis,_Quebec", "summary": "Lévis is a city in eastern Quebec , Canada , located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River , opposite Quebec City . A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis , and two bridges , the Quebec and the Pierre Laporte , connect western Lévis with Quebec City . The population in July 2017 was 144,147 . Its current incarnation was founded on January 1 , 2002 , as the result of a merger among ten cities , including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861 . Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Lévis . Its geographical code is 25 as a census division , and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory ." } ] }, { "value": "Lévis ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lévis,_Quebec", "summary": "Lévis is a city in eastern Quebec , Canada , located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River , opposite Quebec City . A ferry links Old Quebec with Old Lévis , and two bridges , the Quebec and the Pierre Laporte , connect western Lévis with Quebec City . The population in July 2017 was 144,147 . Its current incarnation was founded on January 1 , 2002 , as the result of a merger among ten cities , including the older city of Lévis founded in 1861 . Lévis is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Lévis . Its geographical code is 25 as a census division , and 251 as an RCM-equivalent territory ." } ] }, { "value": "13 Laval", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laval,_Quebec", "summary": "Laval ( English : /ləˈvæl/ ; French : [ laval ] ( listen ) ) is a Canadian city in southwestern Quebec , north of Montreal . It forms its own administrative region of Quebec . It is the largest suburb of Montreal , the third largest municipality in the province of Quebec , and the thirteenth largest city in Canada with a population of 422,993 in 2016 . Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles , and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies . Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval . Laval constitutes the 13th region of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) with geographical code 65 . It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "65", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Laval", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laval,_Quebec", "summary": "Laval ( English : /ləˈvæl/ ; French : [ laval ] ( listen ) ) is a Canadian city in southwestern Quebec , north of Montreal . It forms its own administrative region of Quebec . It is the largest suburb of Montreal , the third largest municipality in the province of Quebec , and the thirteenth largest city in Canada with a population of 422,993 in 2016 . Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles , and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies . Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval . Laval constitutes the 13th region of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) with geographical code 65 . It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval ." } ] }, { "value": "Laval ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laval,_Quebec", "summary": "Laval ( English : /ləˈvæl/ ; French : [ laval ] ( listen ) ) is a Canadian city in southwestern Quebec , north of Montreal . It forms its own administrative region of Quebec . It is the largest suburb of Montreal , the third largest municipality in the province of Quebec , and the thirteenth largest city in Canada with a population of 422,993 in 2016 . Laval is geographically separated from the mainland to the north by the Rivière des Mille Îles , and from the Island of Montreal to the south by the Rivière des Prairies . Laval occupies all of Île Jésus as well as the Îles Laval . Laval constitutes the 13th region of the 17 administrative regions of Quebec as well as a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) with geographical code 65 . It also constitutes the judicial district of Laval ." } ] }, { "value": "15 Laurentides", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laurentides", "summary": "The Laurentides ( French pronunciation : ​ [ lɔʁɑ̃tid ] ) is a region of Quebec . While it is often called the Laurentians in English , the region includes only part of the Laurentian mountains . It has a total land area of 20,779.19 km2 ( 8,022.89 sq mi ) and its population was 589,400 inhabitants as of the 2016 Census . The area was inhabited by the Montagnais First Nations tribe , until French Canadians settled it in the first half of the 19th century , establishing an agricultural presence throughout the valleys . During the 20th century , the area also became a popular tourist destination , based on a cottage and lake culture in the summer , and a downhill and cross-country ski culture in the winter . Ski resorts include Saint-Sauveur and Mont Tremblant . The Laurentides offer a weekend escape for Montrealers and tourists from New England to Ontario , and with the building of a major highway through the area in the 1970s ( Autoroute 15 ) , the area has experienced a lot of growth . Its largest city is Saint-Jérôme , in its extreme southeast , with a 2011 census population of 68,456 inhabitants ." } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "74", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mirabel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec", "summary": "Mirabel is an off-island suburb of Montreal , located in southern Quebec . Mirabel is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Mirabel . Its geographical code is 74 . Prior to 2002 , Mirabel was not only a city but also comprised the Mirabel Regional County Municipality . The city is home to Montréal-Mirabel International Airport ." } ] }, { "value": "Mirabel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mirabel,_Quebec", "summary": "Mirabel is an off-island suburb of Montreal , located in southern Quebec . Mirabel is also the name of a territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Quebec , coextensive with the city of Mirabel . Its geographical code is 74 . Prior to 2002 , Mirabel was not only a city but also comprised the Mirabel Regional County Municipality . The city is home to Montréal-Mirabel International Airport ." } ] }, { "value": "16 Montérégie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montérégie", "summary": "Montérégie ( French pronunciation : ​ [ mɔ̃teʁeʒi ] ) is an administrative region in the southwest part of Quebec . It includes the cities of Boucherville , Brossard , Granby , Longueuil , Salaberry-de-Valleyfield , Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu , Saint-Hyacinthe , Sorel-Tracy , and Vaudreuil-Dorion . The region had a population of 1,507,070 as of the 2016 census and a land area of 11,132.34 square kilometres ( 4,298.22 sq mi ) , giving it a population density of 135.4 inhabitants/km2 . With approximately 18.5% of the province 's population , it is the second most populous region of Quebec after Montreal . The majority of the population lives near the Saint Lawrence River , on the south shore of Montreal . Montérégie is known for its vineyards , orchards , panoramas , delicious products , and the Monteregian mountains . The region is both urban ( second in terms of population in Quebec ) and rural . The regional economy is based on agriculture and the production of goods and services . Tourism also makes up a significant portion of the economy . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "TE", "urls": [] }, { "value": "58", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Longueuil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urban_agglomeration_of_Longueuil", "summary": "The urban agglomeration of Longueuil was created on January 1 , 2006 as a result of the de-amalgamation process brought upon by the Charest government . It encompasses all the boroughs that were merged into the previous city of Longueuil and still retains the same area as that mega-city . The urban agglomeration of Longueuil is coextensive with the territory equivalent to a regional county municipality ( TE ) and census division ( CD ) of Longueuil , whose geographical code is 58 . In 2012 , Longueuil mayor Caroline St-Hilaire proposed that the Urban agglomeration of Longueuil leave the Montérégie and become its own administrative region ." } ] }, { "value": "Brossard ( V ) , Saint-Lambert ( V ) , Boucherville ( V ) , Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville ( V ) , Longueuil ( V )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brossard", "summary": "Brossard ( /brɒˈsɑːr , ˈbrɒsɑːrd/ , French : [ bʁɔsaʁ ] , locally [ bʁɔsɑːʁ , bʁɔsɑɔ̯ʁ ] ) is a municipality in the Montérégie region of Quebec , Canada and is part of the Greater Montreal area . According to the 2016 census , Brossard 's population was 85,721 . It shares powers with the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and was a borough of the municipality of Longueuil from 2002 to 2006 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Lambert,_Quebec", "summary": "Saint-Lambert is a city ( French : ville ) in southwestern Quebec , Canada , located on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River , opposite Montreal . It is part of the Urban agglomeration of Longueuil of the Montérégie administrative region . It was home to 21,861 people according to the Canada 2016 Census . Saint-Lambert is divided into two main sections : the original city of Saint-Lambert and the Préville neighbourhood . The original city of Saint-Lambert ( as it existed prior to 1969 ) is located from the Country Club of Montreal golf course to the border of the Le Vieux-Longueuil borough . It includes the city 's downtown , known as The Village . On the other side of the Country Club of Montreal is the former city of Préville , which merged with Saint-Lambert in 1969 . It extends to the borders of the city of Brossard and the Longueuil borough of Greenfield Park . Saint-Lambert was named for the early French Canadian hunter Lambert Closse ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boucherville", "summary": "Boucherville is a city in the Montérégie region in Quebec , Canada . It is a suburb of Montreal on the South shore of the Saint Lawrence River . Boucherville is part of both the urban agglomeration of Longueuil and Montreal Metropolitan Community regional government ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville", "summary": "Saint-Bruno-de-Montarville is an off-island suburb of Montreal , in southwestern Quebec , Canada , on the south bank of the Saint Lawrence River just east of Montreal . It lies on the west flank of Mont Saint-Bruno , one of the Monteregian Hills . The population as of the Canada 2011 Census was 26,107 . It merged with Longueuil in 2002 but de-merged in 2006 . The city is well known to Montrealers and its neighbouring population for Mont Saint-Bruno , location to both Mont-Saint-Bruno National Park and Ski Mont Saint-Bruno , a ski facility and school ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Longueuil", "summary": "Longueuil ( /lɒŋˈɡeɪl/ ; French : [ lɔ̃ɡœj ] ) is a city in the province of Quebec , Canada . It is the seat of the Montérégie administrative region and the central city of the urban agglomeration of Longueuil . It sits on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence River directly across from Montreal . The population as of the Canada 2016 Census totalled 239,700 , making it Montreal 's second largest suburb , the fifth most populous city in Quebec and twentieth largest in Canada . Charles Le Moyne founded Longueuil as a seigneurie in 1657 . It would become a parish in 1845 , a village in 1848 , a town in 1874 and a city in 1920 . Between 1961 and 2002 , Longueuil 's borders grew three times , as it was amalgamated with surrounding municipalities ; there was a strong de-amalgamation in 2006 ( see 2000-2006 municipal reorganization in Quebec ) . Longueuil is a residential , commercial and industrial city . It incorporates some urban features , but is essentially a suburb . Longueuil can be classified as a commuter town as a large portion of its residents commute to work in Montreal . Most buildings are single-family homes constructed in the post-war period . The city consists of three boroughs : Le Vieux-Longueuil , Saint-Hubert and Greenfield Park ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List -- TEs", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_regional_county_municipalities_and_equivalent_territories_in_Quebec_1", "intro": "This is a list of the regional county municipalities (RCM or MRC) and equivalent territories (TE) in the province of Quebec, Canada. They are given along with their geographical codes as specified by the Ministry of Municipal Affairs, Regions and Land Occupancy, and the administrative regions to which they belong. RCMs are units of government at the supralocal level. However, not all municipalities belong to an RCM. In order to use RCMs for statistical purposes, some municipalities (mostly Indian reserves) are viewed as belonging to RCMs they do not belong to legally. The possibly enlarged RCMs are called municipalités régionales de comté géographiques (MRCG) as opposed to the legal ones known as municipalités régionales de comté juridiques (MRCJ). The remaining municipalities are grouped into territories equivalent to an RCM (French: territoires équivalents à une MRC) or TEs, which are also considered MRCGs. This way, MRCGs cover the entire territory of Quebec and do not overlap. There are 86 RCMs and 18 TEs in Quebec, for a total of 104 MRCGs. Twelve of the TEs correspond exactly to cities or urban agglomerations, and another two, Québec and La Tuque almost do. The only four exceptional cases are the TEs of Jamésie, Kativik and Eeyou Istchee. These cover large areas with many, mostly small, municipalities." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "title": "2012 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament", "header": [ "School", "Conference", "Record ( Conf )", "Berth", "Last NCAA Appearance" ], "data": [ { "value": "Stony Brook", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Stony_Brook_Seawolves_baseball_team", "summary": "The 2012 Stony Brook Seawolves baseball team represented Stony Brook University in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Seawolves were coached by 22nd-year head coach Matt Senk and played their home games at Joe Nathan Field . The Seawolves clinched their second consecutive regular season championship and their fourth America East Conference Baseball Tournament championship , earning the league 's automatic bid to the 2012 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament , their fourth appearance in school history . In the NCAA Tournament , the team went on to win the Coral Gables Regional . They then defeated LSU in the Baton Rouge Super Regional , becoming the first ever team from the America East Conference to advance to the College World Series , the first team from New York in thirty years , and the first team from the Northeast since 1986 ." } ] }, { "value": "America East", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/America_East_Conference", "summary": "The America East Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA Division I , whose members are located mainly in the Northeastern United States , specifically New England . Its nine members include the public flagship universities of three states , and one private university ." } ] }, { "value": "46-11 ( 21-3 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2010 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 4 , 2010 as part of the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2010 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska . This was the final year at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium , the host venue since 1950 ." } ] }, { "value": "Georgia Tech", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Georgia_Tech_Yellow_Jackets_baseball", "summary": "The Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets baseball team represents the Georgia Institute of Technology in NCAA Division I college baseball . Along with most other Georgia Tech athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Atlantic Coast Conference . The Yellow Jackets play their home games in Russ Chandler Stadium and they are currently coached by Danny Hall ." } ] }, { "value": "ACC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Coast Conference ( ACC ) is a collegiate athletic conference located in the eastern United States . Headquartered in Greensboro , North Carolina , the conference consists of fifteen member universities , each of whom compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) 's Division I , with its football teams competing in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , the highest levels for athletic competition in US-based collegiate sports . The ACC sponsors competition in twenty-five sports with many of its member institutions ' athletic programs held in high regard nationally . Current members of the conference are Boston College , Clemson University , Duke University , Georgia Institute of Technology , Florida State University , North Carolina State University , Syracuse University , the University of Louisville , the University of Miami , the University of North Carolina , the University of Notre Dame , the University of Pittsburgh , the University of Virginia , Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , and Wake Forest University . ACC teams and athletes have claimed dozens of national championships in multiple sports throughout the conference 's history . Generally , the ACC 's top athletes and teams in any particular sport in a given year are considered to be among the top collegiate competitors in the nation . Also , the conference enjoys extensive media coverage . The ACC was one of the five collegiate power conferences , which had automatic qualifying for their football champion into the Bowl Championship Series ( BCS ) . With the advent of the College Football Playoff in 2014 , the ACC is one of five conferences with a contractual tie-in to a New Year 's Six bowl game , the successors to the BCS . The ACC was founded on May 8 , 1953 , by seven universities located in the South Atlantic States , with the University of Virginia joining in early December 1953 to bring the membership to eight . The loss of South Carolina in 1971 dropped membership to seven , while the addition of Georgia Tech in 1979 for non-football sports and 1983 for football brought it back to eight , and Florida State 's arrival in 1991 for non-football sports and 1992 for football increased the membership to nine . Since 2000 , with the widespread reorganization of the NCAA , seven additional schools have joined , and one original member ( Maryland ) has left to bring it to the current membership of 15 schools ." } ] }, { "value": "36-24 ( 12-18 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Belmont", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belmont_Bruins_baseball", "summary": "The Belmont Bruins baseball team ( formerly the Belmont Rebels ) is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Belmont University in Nashville , Tennessee , United States . The team is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The team plays its home games at E. S. Rose Park in Nashville . The Bruins are coached by Dave Jarvis ." } ] }, { "value": "Atlantic Sun", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_Sun_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic Sun Conference , branded as the ASUN Conference , is a collegiate athletic conference operating mostly in the Southeastern United States . The league participates at the NCAA Division I level , and does not sponsor football . Originally established as the Trans America Athletic Conference ( TAAC ) in 1978 , its headquarters are located in Macon , Georgia . The conference has seen several changes in its membership in recent years . First , the 2014 departure of East Tennessee State University and Mercer University to the Southern Conference left the ASUN with eight members . Northern Kentucky University ( transitioning from NCAA Division II sports to Division I ) left the conference to join the Horizon League and was replaced by the New Jersey Institute of Technology ( NJIT ) , previously the only Division I basketball independent , in 2015 . The ASUN membership expanded to nine members in 2018 . The University of South Carolina Upstate ( USC Upstate ) left the ASUN to join the Big South Conference after the 2017-18 season , but two new schools joined . The University of North Alabama arrived from the Division II Gulf South Conference , and Liberty University left the Big South for the ASUN . The ASUN 's next change of membership will occur in 2020-21 with the arrival of Bellarmine University from the Division II Great Lakes Valley Conference ." } ] }, { "value": "39-22 ( 17-10 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Dayton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dayton_Flyers_baseball", "summary": "The Dayton Flyers baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of the University of Dayton in Dayton , Ohio , United States . The team is a member of the Atlantic 10 Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The team plays its home games at Woerner Field in Dayton , Ohio . The Flyers are coached by Jayson King ." } ] }, { "value": "Atlantic 10", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Atlantic_10_Conference", "summary": "The Atlantic 10 Conference ( A-10 ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools compete in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's ( NCAA ) Division I . The A-10 's member schools are located in states mostly on the United States Eastern Seaboard , as well as some in the Midwest - Massachusetts , New York , North Carolina , Pennsylvania , Rhode Island , Virginia , Ohio , and Missouri as well as in the District of Columbia . Although some of its members are state-funded , half of its membership is made up of private , Catholic institutions . Despite the name , there are 14 full-time members , and two affiliate members that participate in women 's field hockey only . The current commissioner is Bernadette McGlade , who began her tenure in 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "31-28 ( 17-7 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "First appearance", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Missouri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Missouri_Tigers_baseball_team", "summary": "Amid an otherwise undistinguished decade , the Missouri Tigers baseball team won the Big 12 Conference Tournament in 2012 . The team moved from the Big 12 Conference to the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference in 2013 . The Tigers struggled the first two seasons after the change of Conference , then improved to a limited extent . As of 2018 [ update ] their best performance during the decade in a Conference league was in 2015 ( won 15 out of 30 , 50.0% ) and their best overall performance was in 2018 ( won 25 out of 37 , 67.6% ) . Tim Jamieson retired as head coach in 2016 after 22 years , to be replaced by Steve Bieser ." } ] }, { "value": "Big 12", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_12_Conference", "summary": "The Big 12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference headquartered in Irving , Texas . The conference consists of ten full-member universities . It is a member of Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) for all sports . Its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ; formerly Division I-A ) , the higher of two levels of NCAA Division I football competition . Its ten members , in the states of Iowa , Kansas , Oklahoma , Texas , and West Virginia , include eight public and two private , Christian schools . Additionally , the Big 12 has 11 affiliate members - eight for the sport of wrestling , one of which is also a member in women 's equestrianism ; one for women 's gymnastics ; and two for women 's rowing . The Big 12 Conference is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit organization incorporated in Delaware . The Big 12 Conference was founded on February 25 , 1994 . The eight members of the former Big Eight Conference joined with Southwest Conference schools Texas , Texas A & M , Baylor , and Texas Tech to form the new Big 12 Conference , which commenced competition on August 31 , 1996 . The conference 's current 10-campus makeup resulted from the 2010-13 Big 12 Conference realignment , in which Nebraska joined the Big Ten Conference , Colorado joined the Pac-12 , and Missouri and Texas A & M joined the Southeastern Conference . TCU and West Virginia joined from the Mountain West and Big East Conferences respectively to offset two of the departing schools , bringing the conference to its current strength . The Big 12 Conference , like others involved in the realignment , has kept its name primarily for marketing purposes ; the conference has high name recognition and remains one of the Power Five conferences which are considered the primary contenders to produce a College Football Playoff champion team in any given year ." } ] }, { "value": "32-26 ( 10-14 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2009 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was held from May 29 through June 24 , 2009 and is part of the 2009 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 286 teams on May 25 , 2009 . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee . The 2009 tournament culminated with 8 teams advancing to the College World Series at historic Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha , Nebraska beginning on June 13 ." } ] }, { "value": "St. John 's", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_St._John's_Red_Storm_baseball_team", "summary": "The 2012 St. John 's Red Storm baseball team represented St. John 's University in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Red Storm were coached by seventeenth year head coach Ed Blankmeyer and played their home games at Jack Kaiser Stadium . St. John 's claimed the Big East Conference regular season and Tournament championships , and also swept through the Chapel Hill Regional . The Red Storm fell to eventual champion Arizona in the Tucson Super Regional , by scores of 7-6 ( 10 innings ) and 7-4 ." } ] }, { "value": "Big East", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_East_Conference_(1979–2013)", "summary": "The Big East Conference was a collegiate athletics conference that consisted of as many as 16 universities in the eastern half of the United States from 1979 to 2013 . The conference 's members participated in 24 NCAA sports . The conference had a history of success at the national level in basketball throughout its history , while its shorter ( 1991 to 2013 ) football program , created by inviting one college and four other associate members ( their football programs only ) into the conference , resulted in two national championships . In basketball , Big East teams made 18 Final Four appearances and won seven NCAA Championships ( UConn with three , Villanova , Georgetown , Syracuse , and Louisville with one each ) . Of the Big East 's full members , all but South Florida attended the Final Four , the most of any conference , though Marquette , DePaul , Notre Dame , Rutgers , Cincinnati , and Pittsburgh made all their trips before joining the Big East . In 2011 , the Big East set the record for the most teams sent to the NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Championship by a single conference with eleven out of their sixteen teams qualifying . In football , the Big East entered competition as a conference in 1991 , after inviting five football colleges to become members of the Big East , joining three teams from the Big East whose football teams were competing as Division I independents ( Boston College , Pittsburgh and Syracuse ) to form a new Division I football league . The strength of this league earned the Big East an automatic berth in the Bowl Championship Series , when that series was created in 1998 . The Big East won two national football championships , both by University of Miami . Between 2005 and 2012 , four of the more successful football schools left the Big East for other conferences , starting a process that led to a complete realignment of the Big East in 2013 . On July 1 , 2013 , the non-football playing schools ( also known collectively as the secular Catholic 7 ) formed a non-football playing conference that retains the Big East Conference name . The remaining six football-playing members , three of whom had only joined the Big East in 2005 when the earlier exodus had started , joined with four schools from other conferences to become the American Athletic Conference ( The American ) , which is the Big East 's legal successor ." } ] }, { "value": "37-21 ( 18-9 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal Carolina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coastal_Carolina_Chanticleers_baseball", "summary": "The Coastal Carolina Chanticleers baseball program has been the university 's most consistent program in terms of success . Head Coach Gary Gilmore ( 903-464-1 at CCU , 1,156-566-3 overall ) has led the Chanticleers to 16 NCAA Regional appearances and three Super Regional appearances since being hired in 1996 . The program has received # 1 regional seeds on five occasions ( 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , 2018 ) and won 50+ games in 2005 , 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , and 2016 . In addition , the Chanticleers hosted NCAA Regionals in 2007 , 2008 , 2010 , and 2018 . The program hosted a Super Regional in 2010 . Future Chicago White Sox major league pitcher Brad Goldberg played for the team in 2009-10 , making 18 appearances ( 17 in relief ) in those two seasons . In 2010 Coastal went 29-0 in Big South play , winning both the regular season Big South Championship and the Big South Tournament Championship plus the Regional , but lost in the Super Regionals 2-0 to the University of South Carolina . In 2016 , Coastal went 21-3 in Big South play , winning the regular season Conference Championship and the Conference Tournament . In the 2016 post-season , Coastal won the Raleigh Regional by beating the NC State Wolfpack 2-0 . The Chanticleers went on to beat the LSU Tigers 2-0 in the Baton Rouge Super Regionals , and ultimately got to the 2016 CWS Final and defeated Arizona two games to one to win the National Championship . The title game finished mere hours before Coastal officially left the Big South Conference , the school 's home since 1983 ( 1984 baseball season ) , for the Sun Belt Conference . The state 's governor Nikki Haley proclaimed July 1 , 2016 , the day after the title game and also Coastal 's first official day as a Sun Belt member , Chanticleer Baseball National Championship Day throughout South Carolina ." } ] }, { "value": "Big South", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_South_Conference", "summary": "The Big South Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I . Originally a non-football conference , the Big South began sponsoring football in 2002 . Its football teams are part of the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . The Big South , founded in 1983 , is firmly rooted in the South Atlantic region of the United States , with full member institutions located in North Carolina , South Carolina , and Virginia . Associate members are located in Alabama , Georgia , and New Jersey ." } ] }, { "value": "41-17 ( 18-5 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Purdue", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Purdue_Boilermakers_baseball_team", "summary": "The 2012 Purdue Boilermakers baseball team was a baseball team that represented Purdue University in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Boilermakers are members of the Big Ten Conference and played their home games at Lambert Field in West Lafayette , Indiana . They were led by fourteenth-year head coach Doug Schreiber ." } ] }, { "value": "Big Ten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_Ten_Conference", "summary": "The Big Ten Conference ( stylized B1G , formerly the Western Conference and the Big Nine Conference ) is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States . It is based in Rosemont , Illinois . For decades the conference consisted of 10 universities , while the present conference has 14 member institutions . They compete in the NCAA Division I ; its football teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) , formerly known as Division I-A , the highest level of NCAA competition in that sport . The conference includes the flagship public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska , as well as two additional public land-grant schools and a private university . The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H. Smart and representatives from the University of Chicago , University of Illinois , University of Michigan , University of Minnesota , Northwestern University , and University of Wisconsin gathered at Chicago 's Palmer House Hotel to set policies aimed at regulating intercollegiate athletics . In 1899 , Indiana University and the University of Iowa joined the conference to increase the membership to nine schools . In 1905 , the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives . The conference is one of the nation 's oldest , predating the founding of the NCAA by a decade , and was one of the first collegiate conferences to sponsor men 's basketball . Big Ten member institutions are major research universities with large financial endowments and strong academic reputations . All institutions except full member University of Nebraska and associate member Notre Dame are members of the Association of American Universities . Large student enrollment is a hallmark of Big Ten Universities , as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students ." } ] }, { "value": "44-12 ( 17-7 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1987", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1987_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1987 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1987 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty first year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-first tournament 's champion was Stanford , coached by Mark Marquess . The Most Outstanding Player was Paul Carey of Stanford ." } ] }, { "value": "Cal State Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_baseball", "summary": "The Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball team represents California State University , Fullerton in NCAA Division I college baseball . Since beginning Division I play in 1975 , the Titans have never had a losing season . They are supplied by Easton . Along with the other CSUF athletic teams , the baseball team participates in the Big West Conference . Since its early days , Titan Baseball has been considered an elite program in college baseball , making 18 College World Series appearances and winning 4 national championships ( 1979 , 1984 , 1995 , and 2004 ) . The Titans have made an appearance in every NCAA Tournament since 1992 . The Titans play their home games on Fullerton 's campus at Goodwin Field and are currently coached by Rick Vanderhook ." } ] }, { "value": "Big West", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Big_West_Conference", "summary": "The Big West Conference ( BWC ) is an American collegiate athletic conference whose member institutions participate in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . The conference was originally formed in 1969 as the Pacific Coast Athletic Association ( PCAA ) , and in 1988 was renamed the Big West Conference . The conference stopped sponsoring college football after the 2000 season ." } ] }, { "value": "35-19 ( 17-7 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Regular Season", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "UNC Wilmington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UNC_Wilmington_Seahawks_baseball", "summary": "The UNC Wilmington ( UNCW ) Seahawks are the varsity athletic teams representing UNC Wilmington in Wilmington , North Carolina in intercollegiate athletics . The university sponsors eight teams for the men ( baseball , basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , swimming and diving , tennis , and outdoor track & field only ) and eleven for the women ( basketball , cross country , golf , soccer , softball , swimming and diving , tennis , track & field ( indoor and outdoor ) , volleyball , and beach volleyball ) . With the exception of beach volleyball ( Coastal Collegiate Sports Association ) , the Seahawks compete as a non-football member of NCAA Division I and are members of the Colonial Athletic Association ." } ] }, { "value": "Colonial", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colonial_Athletic_Association", "summary": "The Colonial Athletic Association ( CAA ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated with the NCAA 's Division I whose full members are located in East Coast states from Massachusetts to South Carolina . Most of its members are public universities , and the conference is headquartered in Richmond . The CAA was historically a Southern conference until the addition of four schools in the Northeast ( of five that joined from rival conference America East ) after the turn of the 21st century , which added balance to the conference . The CAA was founded in 1979 as the ECAC South basketball league . It was renamed the Colonial Athletic Association in 1985 when it added championships in other sports ( although a number of members maintain ECAC affiliation in some sports ) . As of 2006 , it organizes championships in 21 men 's and women 's sports . The addition of Northeastern University in 2005 gave the conference the NCAA minimum of six football programs needed to sponsor football . For the 2007 football season , all of the Atlantic 10 Conference 's football programs joined the CAA football conference , as agreed in May 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "38-21 ( 24-6 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2008 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was held from May 30 through June 25 , 2008 and was part of the 2008 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 286 teams on May 26 , 2008 . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conference , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee . Thirty-eight of the 64 selected teams participated in the 2007 tournament . The 2008 tournament culminated with 8 teams advancing to the College World Series at historic Rosenblatt Stadium in Omaha , Nebraska on June 14 . The Fresno State Bulldogs beat the Georgia Bulldogs in the best-of-three championship series to win the NCAA Men 's Division I Baseball Championship . Fresno State became the lowest seeded team ( 4th in the Regionals ) to win the National Championship in NCAA history , and the fifth consecutive baseball team to win the title that was not one of the eight national seeds . They were considered a Cinderella team throughout the tournament . This was only the second national championship of any kind in school history , following the 1998 NCAA Division I Softball National Champions . Fresno State sophomore third baseman Tommy Mendonca won the Most Outstanding Player Award . Tommy hit four home runs and had 11 RBIs and also made a number of spectacular plays in the field . The first day of the 2008 CWS was moved to Saturday ( June 14 ) from the traditional Friday ." } ] }, { "value": "UAB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/UAB_Blazers_baseball", "summary": "The UAB Blazers are the varsity intercollegiate athletic programs that represent the University of Alabama at Birmingham ( UAB ) . The school is one of the fourteen member institutions of Conference USA ( C-USA ) and participates in Division I of the NCAA . The school 's men 's basketball team plays in 8,508-seat Bartow Arena . The Blazers ' colors are forest green and old gold . The men 's basketball program has a long history of success spanning several decades ." } ] }, { "value": "Conference USA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conference_USA", "summary": "Conference USA ( C-USA or CUSA ) is an intercollegiate athletic conference whose current member institutions are located within the Southern United States . The conference participates in the NCAA 's Division I in all sports . C-USA 's offices are located in Dallas , Texas ." } ] }, { "value": "32-28 ( 9-15 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1991_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1991 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1991 NCAA Division I baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its forty fifth year . Eight regional competitions were held to determine the participants in the final event . Each region was composed of six teams , resulting in 48 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The forty-fifth tournament 's champion was LSU , coached by Skip Bertman . The Most Outstanding Player was Gary Hymel of LSU ." } ] }, { "value": "Valparaiso", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Valparaiso_Crusaders_baseball", "summary": "The Valparaiso Crusaders baseball team is a baseball team that represents Valparaiso University in Valparaiso , Indiana . The Crusaders competed in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship five times before 1970 . After returning in 2012 for the first time in 44 years , the Crusaders ' first round game was almost delayed an additional day , because the preceding game was the second-longest in NCAA tournament history . The Crusaders game against the Purdue Boilermakers began at approximately 10:40 pm only 20 minutes before a curfew . In their second game of the NCAA tournament , the Crusaders played the Kentucky Wildcats , who lost the marathon game to the Kent State Golden Flashes . The games were played at U.S. Steel Yard in Gary , Indiana . The 2012 Crusaders team tied a school record with 35 wins . The Crusaders are coached by Brian Schmack . They play their home games at Emory G. Bauer Field ." } ] }, { "value": "Horizon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Horizon_League", "summary": "The Horizon League is a 10-school collegiate athletic conference in the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I , whose members are located in and near the Midwestern United States . The Horizon League was founded in 1979 as the Midwestern City Conference . In 1985 , the conference changed its name to Midwestern Collegiate Conference and then the Horizon League in 2001 . The conference started with a membership of six teams and has fluctuated in size with 24 different schools as members at different times . Currently , the League has 10 members , following Valparaiso leaving to join the Missouri Valley Conference and IUPUI joining the league on July 1 , 2017 . The conference 's next membership change will occur on July 1 , 2020 with the arrival of Purdue University Fort Wayne ( PFW ) . The Horizon League does not sponsor football ." } ] }, { "value": "35-23 ( 22-8 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1968", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1968_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 1968 NCAA University Division Baseball Tournament was played at the end of the 1968 NCAA University Division baseball season to determine the national champion of college baseball . The tournament concluded with eight teams competing in the College World Series , a double-elimination tournament in its twenty-second year . Eight regional districts sent representatives to the College World Series with preliminary rounds within each district serving to determine each representative . These events would later become known as regionals . Each district had its own format for selecting teams , resulting in 27 teams participating in the tournament at the conclusion of their regular season , and in some cases , after a conference tournament . The twenty-second tournament 's champion was the Southern California , coached by Rod Dedeaux . The Most Outstanding Player was Bill Seinsoth of the Southern California ." } ] }, { "value": "Cornell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cornell_Big_Red_baseball", "summary": "The Cornell Big Red baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Cornell University in Ithaca , New York , United States . The team is a member of the Ivy League , which is part of NCAA Division I. Cornell 's first baseball team was fielded in 1869 and participated in the Eastern Intercollegiate Baseball League ( EIBL ) until 1992 . The team plays its home games at Hoy Field in Ithaca , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Ivy League", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ivy_League", "summary": "The Ivy League is an American collegiate athletic conference comprising sports teams from eight private universities in the Northeastern United States . The term Ivy League is typically used to refer to those eight schools as a group of elite colleges beyond the sports context . The eight members are Brown University , Columbia University , Cornell University , Dartmouth College , Harvard University , the University of Pennsylvania , Princeton University , and Yale University . Ivy League has connotations of academic excellence , selectivity in admissions , and social elitism . While the term was in use as early as 1933 , it became official only after the formation of the NCAA Division I athletic conference in 1954 . Seven of the eight schools were founded during the colonial period ( Cornell was founded in 1865 ) , and thus account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the American Revolution . The other two colonial colleges , Rutgers University and the College of William & Mary , became public institutions instead . Ivy League schools are generally viewed as some of the most prestigious in the world , and are ranked among the best universities worldwide by U.S. News & World Report . All eight universities place in the top seventeen of the 2020 U.S. News & World Report national university rankings , including four Ivies in the top three ( Columbia and Yale are tied for 3rd ) . In the 2019 U.S. News & World Report global university rankings , three Ivies rank in the top ten ( Harvard 1st , Columbia 7th , and Princeton 8th ) and six in the top twenty-three . Undergraduate-focused Ivies such as Brown University and Dartmouth College rank 99th and 197th , respectively . U.S. News has named a member of the Ivy League as the best national university in each of the past 18 years ending with the 2018 rankings : Princeton eleven times , Harvard twice , and the two schools tied for first five times ." } ] }, { "value": "31-15 ( 14-6 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2010 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 4 , 2010 as part of the 2010 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2010 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska . This was the final year at Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium , the host venue since 1950 ." } ] }, { "value": "Manhattan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manhattan_Jaspers_baseball", "summary": "The Manhattan Jaspers baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Manhattan College in New York City , New York . The team is a member of the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I . Beginning in 2015 , the team will play its home games in Dutchess Stadium in Fishkill , New York . The Jaspers are coached by Mike Cole ." } ] }, { "value": "Metro Atlantic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Metro_Atlantic_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference ( MAAC , /mæk/ ) is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated in NCAA Division I , consisting of eleven schools coming from three states of the northeastern United States : Connecticut , New Jersey , and New York . The members are all relatively small private institutions , many of them Catholic or formerly Catholic , the only exceptions being three private but secular institutions : Rider University and the conference 's two newest members , Monmouth and Quinnipiac Universities . The conference headquarters is located in Edison , New Jersey . The Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference sponsors 22 sports and has many associate member institutions . Richard J. Ensor is the commissioner of the MAAC , a post he has held since 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "33-25 ( 18-6 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Kent State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Kent_State_Golden_Flashes_baseball_team", "summary": "The 2012 Kent State Golden Flashes baseball team represented Kent State University in the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season . The Golden Flashes were coached by 8th year head coach Scott Stricklin and played their home games at Schoonover Stadium . Kent State finished the regular season 37-17 overall and 24-3 in the Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) to win the MAC regular-season and East division titles , and the top seed in the 2012 Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament . At the tournament , Kent State went 4-0 to win the tenth Mid-American Conference Baseball Tournament title in program history and advance to the 2012 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament , the 12th appearance in team history . In the NCAA Tournament , the team went 3-0 in the Gary Regional at U.S. Steel Yard to claim the program 's first regional championship , which included a 21-inning , 7-6 win over 12th-ranked Kentucky . The Flashes advanced to the Super Regional round against the 10th-ranked Oregon Ducks where they defeated the Ducks two games to one at PK Park to claim the first super regional championship and appearance in the College World Series in school history . At the 2012 College World Series the Golden Flashes fell to Arkansas in the opening round , but eliminated top-ranked Florida 5-4 in the elimination bracket . Kent State was eliminated in the second round by South Carolina . Kent State finished 1-2 at the College World Series , and 6-3 in the NCAA Tournament . The season featured a 21-game winning streak , which began with a 16-5 home win over Western Michigan on April 27 , and ended with a 3-2 road loss to Oregon in the second game of the super regional series in Eugene , Oregon . Kent State finished the season with an overall record of 47-20 and tied for 5th nationally by virtue of their second-round elimination in the College World Series . They finished the season ranked in the top ten in all major polls ." } ] }, { "value": "Mid-American", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mid-American_Conference", "summary": "The Mid-American Conference ( MAC ) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I collegiate athletic conference with a membership base in the Great Lakes region that stretches from Western New York to Illinois . Nine of the twelve full member schools are in Ohio and Michigan , with single members located in Illinois , Indiana , and New York . For football , the MAC participates in the NCAA 's Football Bowl Subdivision . The MAC is headquartered in the Public Square district in downtown Cleveland , Ohio , and has two members in the nearby Akron area . The MAC has been referred to as the Conference of Quarterbacks because of the accomplishments of numerous former players in the National Football League . The conference also ranks highest among all ten NCAA Division I FBS conferences for graduation rates ." } ] }, { "value": "41-17 ( 24-3 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Bethune-Cookman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Bethune-Cookman_Wildcats_baseball_team", "summary": "The 2012 Bethune-Cookman Wildcats baseball team represents Bethune-Cookman University in the sport of baseball during the 2012 college baseball season . The Wildcats competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) and the Southern Division of the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) . The team is coached by Jason Beverlin , who entered his first season at Bethune-Cookman . The Wildcats won the MEAC Tournament and moved on to the NCAA Tournament and participated in the Gainesville Regional , where they were beat 0-2 ." } ] }, { "value": "Mid-Eastern", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mid-Eastern_Athletic_Conference", "summary": "The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference ( MEAC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose full members are historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) in the Southeastern and the Mid-Atlantic United States . It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I , and in football , in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) . Currently , the MEAC has automatic qualifying bids for NCAA postseason play in baseball ( since 1994 ) , men 's basketball ( since 1981 ) , women 's basketball ( since 1982 ) , football ( 1996-2015 ) , softball ( since 1995 ) , men and women 's tennis ( since 1998 ) , and volleyball ( since 1994 ) . Bowling was officially sanctioned as a MEAC governed sport in 1999 . Before that season , the MEAC was the first conference to secure NCAA sanctioning for women 's bowling by adopting the club sport prior to the 1996-97 school year ." } ] }, { "value": "34-25 ( 18-5 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Creighton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Creighton_Bluejays_baseball", "summary": "The Creighton Bluejays baseball team represents the Creighton University in NCAA Division I college baseball . Creighton competes as a member of the Big East Conference and plays its home games at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha . Creighton 's baseball team played its first Big East season in 2014 . They are coached by Ed Servais who is entering his twelfth season as head coach of the Bluejays . His record at Creighton is 389-230 ( .628 winning percentage ) . The team plays its home games at TD Ameritrade Park Omaha , also the home of the College World Series , an event which the Bluejays baseball programs serves as the official host school for , providing each of the schools in the tournament practice facilities , training assistance , and assisting with game scoring . Prior to the opening of TD Ameritrade Park , the program played games at the Creighton Sports Complex and Johnny Rosenblatt Stadium in South Omaha , which was also the home of the NCAA College World Series and the Omaha Royals ( now known as the Omaha Storm Chasers ) of the Pacific Coast League ." } ] }, { "value": "Missouri Valley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Missouri_Valley_Conference", "summary": "The Missouri Valley Conference ( also called MVC or simply The Valley ) is the third-oldest collegiate athletic conference in the United States . Currently , its members are located in the midwestern United States ." } ] }, { "value": "26-28 ( 6-14 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "New Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Mexico_Lobos_baseball", "summary": "New Mexico Lobos baseball is a college baseball program of the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque , New Mexico . The first team was fielded in 1899 and posted a 1,708-537-14 ( .526 ) record through the 2014 season . The Lobos have won three conference tournaments , finished first in regular season conference play eight times , and appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship 5 times . The team plays their home games on the University of New Mexico campus at Santa Ana Star Field . Ray Birmingham has been the head coach of the Lobos since the 2008 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Mountain West", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_West_Conference", "summary": "The Mountain West Conference ( MW ) is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) Division I Football Bowl Subdivision ( FBS ) ( formerly I-A ) . The MW officially began operations in July 1999 . Geographically , the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States , with member schools located in California , Colorado , Hawaii , Idaho , Nevada , New Mexico , Utah , and Wyoming . Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999 . The charter members of the MW included the United States Air Force Academy , Brigham Young University , Colorado State University , San Diego State University , the University of New Mexico , the University of Nevada , Las Vegas , the University of Utah , and the University of Wyoming . Before forming the Mountain West Conference , seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference , and half of these had been charter members of that conference from 1962 . Overall , each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West ." } ] }, { "value": "36-22 ( 18-6 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Sacred Heart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sacred_Heart_Pioneers_baseball", "summary": "The Sacred Heart Pioneers baseball team is a varsity intercollegiate athletic team of Sacred Heart University in Fairfield , Connecticut , United States . The team is a member of the Northeast Conference , which is part of the National Collegiate Athletic Association 's Division I. Sacred Heart 's first baseball team was fielded in 1966 . The Pioneers are coached by Nick Restaino , who lead his first season as head coach in 2018 . Former head coach Nick Giaquinto retired following the 2017 season . The program transitioned to NCAA Division I in 2000 , and has appeared in the NCAA Division I Baseball Championship four times since the transition . While at the NCAA Division II level , the Pioneers reached the 1992 Division II College World Series . The Pioneers have seen fifteen players selected in the Major League Baseball Draft ." } ] }, { "value": "Northeast", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Northeast_Conference", "summary": "The Northeast Conference ( NEC ) is a collegiate athletic conference whose schools are members of the National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) . Teams in the NEC compete in Division I for all sports except football , which competes in the Division I Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ) , formerly Division I-AA . Participating schools are located principally in the Northeastern United States . The conference was named the ECAC Metro Conference when it was established in 1981 . The original eleven member schools were Fairleigh Dickinson University , the Brooklyn campus of Long Island University ( whose athletic program has now merged with that of LIU 's Post campus into a single athletic program ) , Loyola College in Maryland ( left in 1989 ) , Marist College ( left in 1997 ) , Robert Morris University , St. Francis College ( NY ) , Saint Francis College ( PA ) , Siena College ( left in 1984 ) , Towson State University ( left in 1982 ) , the University of Baltimore ( left in 1983 ) and Wagner College . The conference 's name was changed to its present form on August 1 , 1988 . Other names considered were Big North , Great North , North Shore , Northern , Northeastern , Eastern and Eastern Private Intercollegiate . The Northeast Conference has expanded eight times since 1981 . The expansions and additions from the original charter members were in 1985 ( Monmouth University , which left in 2013 ) , 1989 ( Mount St. Mary 's University ) , 1992 ( Rider University , which left in 1997 ) , 1997 ( Central Connecticut State University ) , 1998 ( Quinnipiac University and the University of Maryland , Baltimore County which respectively left in 2013 and 2003 ) , 1999 ( Sacred Heart University ) , 2008 ( Bryant University ) , and 2019 ( Merrimack College ) . The Northeast Conference 's rank was largest at 12 in 2008 with the addition of Bryant University ; it dropped to 10 in 2013 with the departure of Monmouth and Quinnipiac for the MAAC , and returned to 11 with the 2019 addition of Merrimack . The most recent changes were announced in 2018 and took effect with the 2019-20 school year . First , on September 10 , the NEC announced it would add Merrimack ." } ] }, { "value": "25-30 ( 19-13 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] }, { "value": "Austin Peay State", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Austin_Peay_State_Governors_baseball", "summary": "The Austin Peay Governors are the intercollegiate athletic teams of Austin Peay State University ( APU ) , located in Clarksville , Tennessee , United States . The Governors athletic program is a member of the Ohio Valley Conference ( OVC ) and competes at the NCAA Division I level including the Football Championship Subdivision . The Austin Peay mascot is The Governor , and the school colors are red and white . While the women 's teams were formerly known as the Lady Govs , the school emphasizes that all teams are now Governors ." } ] }, { "value": "Ohio Valley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Conference", "summary": "The Ohio Valley Conference ( OVC ) is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the Midwestern and Southeastern United States . It participates in Division I of the NCAA ; the conference 's football programs compete in the Football Championship Subdivision ( FCS ; formerly known as Division I-AA ) , the lower of two levels of Division I football competition . The OVC has 12 members , 9 of which compete in football in the conference ." } ] }, { "value": "38-22 ( 19-7 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Won Tournament", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament", "summary": "The 2011 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday , June 3 , 2011 as part of the 2011 NCAA Division I baseball season . The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2011 College World Series in Omaha , Nebraska on June 29 , 2011 . The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 300 teams . Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences , and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Bids -- Automatic bids", "section_text": "Conference champions from 30 Division I conferences earned automatic bids to regionals . The remaining 34 spots were awarded to schools as at-large invitees . [ 2 ]", "uid": "2012_NCAA_Division_I_Baseball_Tournament_0", "intro": "The 2012 NCAA Division I Baseball Tournament began on Friday, June 1, 2012 as part of the 2012 NCAA Division I baseball season. The 64 team double elimination tournament concluded with the 2012 College World Series in Omaha, Nebraska, starting on June 15 and ending on June 25. The 64 NCAA Division I college baseball teams were selected out of an eligible 297 teams. Thirty teams were awarded an automatic bid as champions of their conferences, and 34 teams were selected at-large by the NCAA Division I Baseball Committee." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Summer_Olympics_venues:_C", "title": "List of Summer Olympics venues: C", "header": [ "Venue", "Games", "Sports", "Capacity" ], "data": [ { "value": "Camp de Châlons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Camp_de_Châlons", "summary": "The camp de Châlons , also known as camp de Mourmelon , is a military camp of about 10,000 hectares at Mourmelon-le-Grand , near Châlons-en-Champagne . It was created at the behest of Napoleon III and opened August 30 , 1857 during the Second French Empire . The initial purpose was simply for practising military manoeuvres , but it quickly turned into a showcase of the French Imperial Army , a theatrical propaganda display , where French citizens could meet the army and watch parades . Each year the camp was transformed into a town of tents and wooden chalets . The camp survived the fall of the Second Empire in 1872 , but changed into a training camp and a departure point for troops engaging in overseas operations . The camp is used for military manoeuvres , and cavalry training , along with the neighbouring 2,500 hectare large Camp de Moronvilliers . Firing of live ordnance ( rockets , missiles ) is prohibited ." } ] }, { "value": "1924 Paris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1924 Summer Olympics ( French : Les Jeux olympiques d'été de 1924 ) , officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad , were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in Paris , France . It was the second time Paris hosted the games , after 1900 . The selection process for the 1924 Summer Olympics consisted of six bids , and Paris was selected ahead of Amsterdam , Barcelona , Los Angeles , Prague , and Rome . The selection was made at the 20th IOC Session in Lausanne in 1921 . The cost of the Games of the VIII Olympiad was estimated to be 10,000,000₣ . With total receipts at 5,496,610₣ , the Olympics resulted in a hefty loss despite crowds that reached 60,000 people at a time . The United States won the most gold and overall medals , having 229 athletes competing compared to France 's 401 ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting ( 600 m free rifle individual and team )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris , ten events in shooting were contested . These would be the last Games in which team events were part of the Olympic shooting program . The competitions were held from 23 June 1924 to 9 July 1924 at the shooting ranges at Versailles , Reims , Camp de Châlons ( Mourmelon ) , and Issy-les-Moulineaux ." } ] }, { "value": "395", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Camp Municipal de Beisbol de Viladecans", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CB_Viladecans", "summary": "Club Béisbol Viladecans is a División de Honor de Béisbol baseball club in Viladecans , Catalonia , Spain . It was founded in 1945 and was one of the most active teams during the heyday of baseball in Spain in the 1950s and 1960s . Club Beisbol Viladecans was one of the few teams that survived the difficult times of the late 1960s and 1970s , when mass-interest in football ( soccer ) compromised the viability of other local baseball clubs . The field of the Club Beisbol Viladecans was officially used during the 1992 Summer Olympics for baseball ." } ] }, { "value": "1992 Barcelona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Baseball", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Baseball_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Baseball had its debut as an official medal sport at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona . Eight nations competed , with the preliminary phase consisting of each team playing every other team . Playoffs were then held , with the four highest ranked teams advancing . For the semifinals , the 1st place team played the 4th place team and the 2nd place team played against the 3rd place team . The winners of those semifinals competed against each other for the gold medal , with the loser getting the silver medal . The teams defeated in the semifinal played a match for the bronze medal . Baseball was an event open only to amateurs ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Campo Marte", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Campo_Marte", "summary": "Campo Marte is a venue under the administration of the Secretariat of National Defense . It is used for military and government events , as well as equestrian events . Campo Marte is located next to the National Auditorium in Chapultepec Park , Mexico City ." } ] }, { "value": "1968 Mexico City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "Equestrian ( dressage , jumping individual )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Equestrian competitions at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City , Mexico featured team and individual competitions in show jumping , eventing , and dressage . Mexico City proved a challenging site since it was 2,300 meters above sea level , resulting in 30% less oxygen in the air . The horses at the 1955 Pan American Games , which was also held in Mexico City , arrived a few weeks before the Games to adjust , but had difficulty in the competition . However , racehorses that competed at the same location and who were shipped in the day before , and left the day after the race , performed fine . It was discovered that although horses would adjust immediately to the high altitude during the first few days after arrival , they showed weakness and decreased performance around Day 10 , which continued to Day 20 . Therefore , nations were advised to ship in horses 3-4 weeks before the competition , which would allow them time to recover from the long travel , as well as adjust to the difference in altitude . Argentina , Ireland , and the USSR were the first to ship horses over , who arrived mid-September . France and Germany were the last countries to send their horses , who arrived 28 September , 20 days before the competition was to start . 126 entries ( including 22 women ) from 18 nations competed : Bolivia , Brazil , Canada , Chile , German Democratic Republic ( GDR ) , France , Federal Republic of Germany ( FRG ) , Great Britain , Ireland , Italy , Japan , Mexico , Poland , Soviet Union , Switzerland , and the USA . he youngest participant was Yevgeny Kuzin from the Soviet Union at 20 years old , while the oldest rider was Lorna Johnstone from Great Britain at 66 years old . The 1968 Games timed the equestrian events manually and electronically , but for the first time the electronic time was considered official ." } ] }, { "value": "7,885 ( jumping ) 4,990 ( dressage )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Campo Militar 1", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Campo_Militar_1", "summary": "Campo Militar 1 ( English : Military Camp 1 ) is a military installation located between Conscripto and Zapadores Avenue and the Belt Freeway in Mexico City . For the 1968 Summer Olympics , it hosted the riding and running portions of the modern pentathlon competition ." } ] }, { "value": "1968 Mexico City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "Modern pentathlon ( riding , running )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Modern_pentathlon_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The modern pentathlon at the 1968 Summer Olympics was represented by two events ( both for men ) : Individual competition and Team competition . As usual in Olympic modern pentathlon , one competition was held and each competitor 's score was included to the Individual competition event results table and was also added to his teammates ' scores to be included to the Team competition event results table . This competition consisted of 5 disciplines :" } ] }, { "value": "Not listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Campo Tre Fontane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Campo_Tre_Fontane", "summary": "Campo Tre Fontane is a sports venue located in Rome , Italy . For the 1960 Summer Olympics , it hosted seven field hockey matches . The camp is part of the Tre Fontane Sports Zone , and is home to S.S. Lazio Hockey Prato ." } ] }, { "value": "1960 Rome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : Giochi della XVII Olimpiade ) , was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . The city of Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 , Rome had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Field hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The field hockey tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome , Italy was contested from August 26 to September 9 , with sixteen participating teams . Only men competed in field hockey at these Games . Pakistan won the gold medal , defeating India in the final and ending India 's run of six successive gold medals . Spain won the bronze medal ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Canal Olímpic de Catalunya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canal_Olímpic_de_Catalunya", "summary": "The Canal Olímpic de Catalunya is a canal located in Castelldefels , Catalonia , Spain . Constructed in 1991 , it hosted the canoe sprint events for the 1992 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "1992 Barcelona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Canoeing ( sprint )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canoeing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The canoeing competition at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona was composed of 16 events ( 12 for men and 4 for women ) in two disciplines , slalom and sprint . The slalom events returned to the Olympic program after a 20-year absence , since the 1972 Munich Games . Slalom events took place at La Seu d'Urgell while the sprint events took place at Castelldefels ." } ] }, { "value": "500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Capital Indoor Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Capital_Indoor_Stadium", "summary": "The Capital Indoor Stadium ( simplified Chinese : 首都体育馆 ; traditional Chinese : 首都體育館 ; pinyin : Shǒudū Tǐyùguǎn ) is an indoor arena in 56 Zhongguancun South Street , Beijing , China that was built in 1968 . It hosted matches between national table tennis teams of China and the United States in 1971 ; these matches were part of the exchange program known as ping pong diplomacy . It has a capacity of 17,345 and a floor space of 54,707 square meters expanded from the old 53,000 . It was renovated in 2001 to become a venue for the 2001 Summer Universiade . The stadium hosted one of the first NBA games in China , hosted on October 17 , 2004 in front of a sellout capacity of 17,903 . It also hosted the first-ever professional football game featuring all-stars from the Arena Football League to help promote the new AFL China league ( now known as the China Arena Football League . Capital Indoor Stadium has undergone a new renovation and expansion that was completed in late 2007 for the 2008 Summer Olympics , where it hosted volleyball tournaments . The venue is also used for figure skating , curling and ice hockey , which will also be used for the 2022 Winter Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "2008 Beijing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ." } ] }, { "value": "Volleyball ( final )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Volleyball competitions ( beach and indoor ) at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from 9 to 24 August 2008 . Indoor volleyball events were held at Capital Indoor Stadium and Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium . Beach volleyball competitions were held from 9 to 22 August 2008 at the Beach Volleyball Ground at Chaoyang Park . The 2008 Summer Olympics volleyball competitions brought the introduction of the new ball with a new moulding design making it more softened compared to the Mikasa MVP200 ." } ] }, { "value": "18,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Centennial Parklands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centennial_Parklands", "summary": "Centennial Parklands is the name given to a group of three urban parklands located in the eastern suburbs of Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . Comprising approximately 360 hectares ( 890 acres ) , the lands encompass Centennial Park , Moore Park and Queen 's Park . The Parklands are listed on the New South Wales Heritage Register , with various components of national , state or local heritage significance . The parks are contained within the local government areas of City of Randwick , Waverley Municipal Council , and City of Sydney . The parklands are managed by the Centennial Park and Moore Park Trust , trading as the Botanic Gardens and Centennial Parklands . The Trust is administered by the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage , an agency of the Government of New South Wales . The Parklands were added to the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 27 March 2000 ." } ] }, { "value": "2000 Sydney", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2000 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad and commonly known as Sydney 2000 or the Millennium Olympic Games/Games of the New Millennium , was an international multi-sport event held between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney , New South Wales , Australia . It was the second time the Summer Olympics were held in Australia , and also the Southern Hemisphere , the first being in Melbourne , Victoria , in 1956 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cycling ( road )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 2000 Summer Olympics , 3 different bicycle racing disciplines were contested : Road cycling , track cycling , and mountain biking ." } ] }, { "value": "Not listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Centre Étienne Desmarteau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_Étienne_Desmarteau", "summary": "The Centre Étienne Desmarteau is a multi-purpose complex center with two ice rinks in Montreal , Quebec , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "1976 Montreal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Basketball", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Basketball_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Basketball events at the 1976 Summer Olympics was the ninth appearance of the sport of basketball as an official Olympic medal event . It took place from July 18 to July 27 at the Centre Étienne Desmarteau and the Montreal Forum in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . Women 's basketball was introduced to the Olympic program for the first time at this Games . The United States won the gold against Yugoslavia in the men 's tournament , while the Soviet Union won the gold medal against the United States in the women 's competition ." } ] }, { "value": "2,200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Centre Pierre Charbonneau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_Pierre_Charbonneau", "summary": "Centre Pierre Charbonneau is a sports arena located at Olympic Park in Montreal , Quebec , Canada . It was built in 1957 and holds 2,700 people . It is the former home of the Montreal Jazz of the National Basketball League of Canada . It was formerly host to the Montreal Royal of the American Basketball Association 's current incarnation , and the Montreal Sasquatch of the Premier Basketball League . It was originally built as a police academy [ citation needed ] and is located at 3000 Viau Street . All types of courses are given in such areas as gymnastics , martial arts , music , and languages . The center also hosts various conventions and exhibitions during the year . On December , 27 , Thursday , 2007 they held a TNA Wrestling House Show . The arena also hosted wrestling events at the 1976 Summer Olympics . In September 2016 , Montreal Roller Derby hosted a 2016 International Women 's Flat Track Derby Association Division 1 roller derby playoff tournament at the venue ." } ] }, { "value": "1976 Montreal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1976_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1976 Summer Olympics , officially called the Games of the XXI Olympiad ( French : Les XXIes olympiques d'été ) , was an international multi-sport event in Montreal , Quebec , Canada , in 1976 , and the first Olympic Games held in Canada . Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12 , 1970 , at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam , over the bids of Moscow and Los Angeles . It was the first and , so far , only Summer Olympic Games to be held in Canada . Calgary and Vancouver later hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1988 and 2010 , respectively . Twenty-nine countries , mostly African , boycotted the Montreal Games when the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) refused to ban New Zealand , after the New Zealand national rugby union team had toured South Africa earlier in 1976 in defiance of the United Nations ' calls for a sporting embargo . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal , 20 wrestling events were contested , all for men only . There were 10 weight classes in each of the freestyle wrestling and Greco-Roman wrestling disciplines ." } ] }, { "value": "2,700", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cesano Infantry School Range", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cesano_Infantry_School_Range", "summary": "The Cesano Infantry Shooting Range was a temporary firing range set up by the Italian Army for the infantry off the Via Cassia . It hosted the 300 m free rifle shooting event for the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome ." } ] }, { "value": "1960 Rome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1960_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1960 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad ( Italian : Giochi della XVII Olimpiade ) , was an international multi-sport event that was held from August 25 to September 11 , 1960 , in Rome , Italy . The city of Rome had previously been awarded the administration of the 1908 Summer Olympics , but following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 1906 , Rome had no choice but to decline and pass the honour to London . The Soviet Union won the most gold and overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Shooting ( 300 m free rifle )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shooting_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Shooting at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome comprised six events , all for men only . They were held between 3 and 10 September 1960 ." } ] }, { "value": "Not listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Champion Hill", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Champion_Hill", "summary": "Champion Hill is a football stadium in East Dulwich in the London Borough of Southwark . It is the home ground of Dulwich Hamlet ." } ] }, { "value": "1948 London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1948_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1948 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event which was held in London , United Kingdom from 29 July to 14 August 1948 . After a twelve-year hiatus caused by the outbreak of World War II ; these were the first Summer Olympics held since the 1936 Games in Berlin . The 1940 Olympic Games had been scheduled for Tokyo , and then for Helsinki ; the 1944 Olympic Games had been provisionally planned for London . This was the second occasion that London had hosted the Olympic Games , having previously hosted them in 1908 , forty years earlier . The Olympics would again return to London 64 years later in 2012 , making London the first city to have hosted the games three times , and the only such city until Paris and Los Angeles host their third games in 2024 and 2028 , respectively . The 1948 Olympic Games were the first of two summer Olympic Games held under the IOC presidency of Sigfrid Edström . The event came to be known as the Austerity Games , because of the difficult economic climate and rationing imposed in the aftermath of World War II . No new venues were built for the games ( with events taking place mainly at Empire Stadium and the Empire Pool at Wembley Park ) , and athletes were housed in existing accommodation at the Wembley area instead of an Olympic Village , as were the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games and the subsequent 1952 Games in Helsinki . A record 59 nations were represented by 4,104 athletes , 3,714 men and 390 women , in 19 sport disciplines . Germany and Japan were not invited to participate in the games ; the Soviet Union was invited but chose not to send any athletes , sending observers instead to prepare for the 1952 Olympics . One of the star performers at the Games was Dutch sprinter Fanny Blankers-Koen . Dubbed The Flying Housewife , the thirty-year-old mother of two won four gold medals in athletics ." } ] }, { "value": "Football", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Football_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics tournament , won by Sweden , managed by Englishman George Raynor ." } ] }, { "value": "3,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chaoyang_Park_Beach_Volleyball_Ground", "summary": "The Chaoyang Park Beach Volleyball Ground ( simplified Chinese : 朝阳公园沙滩排球场 ; traditional Chinese : 朝陽公園沙灘排球場 ; pinyin : Cháoyáng Gōngyuán Shātān Páiqiú Chǎng ) was one of 9 temporary venues used for the 2008 Summer Olympics . It was located in Chaoyang Park in Beijing . The ground was used for the beach volleyball matches . The venue had a capacity of 12,000 , consisting of 1 competition ground , 2 warmup grounds , and 6 training grounds . Court 2 was used on Day 6 of competition . After the Olympics , the venue hosted the Beijing Grand Slam of the FIVB Beach Volleyball World Tour in 2011 and 2012 . It also hosted the Beijing Ocean-Beach Carnival every summer since 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "2008 Beijing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ." } ] }, { "value": "Volleyball ( beach )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Volleyball_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Volleyball competitions ( beach and indoor ) at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing were held from 9 to 24 August 2008 . Indoor volleyball events were held at Capital Indoor Stadium and Beijing Institute of Technology Gymnasium . Beach volleyball competitions were held from 9 to 22 August 2008 at the Beach Volleyball Ground at Chaoyang Park . The 2008 Summer Olympics volleyball competitions brought the introduction of the new ball with a new moulding design making it more softened compared to the Mikasa MVP200 ." } ] }, { "value": "12,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "China Agricultural University Gymnasium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/China_Agricultural_University_Gymnasium", "summary": "The China Agricultural University Gymnasium ( simplified Chinese : 中国农业大学体育馆 ; traditional Chinese : 中國農業大學體育館 ; pinyin : Zhōngguó Nóngyè Dàxué Tǐyùguǎn ) is an indoor arena located on the campus of the China Agricultural University in Beijing . It hosted the wrestling events of the 2008 Summer Olympics . The Gymnasium 's rooftop has a staggered , stair-like design . It covers an area of 23,950 square metres and has a capacity of 8,200 which was reduced to 6,000 after the events . It was also turned into a sports complex for students of the China Agricultural University after the Olympic Games . Construction started the first half of 2005 and was completed in July 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "2008 Beijing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2008 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad ( Chinese : 第二十九届夏季奥林匹克运动会 ; pinyin : Dì Èrshíjiǔ Jiè Xiàjì Àolínpǐkè Yùndònghuì ) and commonly known as Beijing 2008 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 8 to 24 August 2008 in Beijing , China . [ b ] A total of 10,942 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) competed in 28 sports and 302 events ( one event more than those scheduled for the 2004 Summer Olympics ) . This was the first time that China had hosted the Summer Olympics , but the third time that the Games had been held in East Asia , following the 1964 Olympics in Tokyo , Japan , and the Seoul 1988 Summer Olympics . These were the second summer Olympic Games staged in a Communist country , after the Moscow 1980 Summer Olympics and the third in a developing country after the Mexico City 1968 Summer Olympics and the 1980 Summer Olympics in the Soviet Union and the first overall Olympics to be hosted by a Communist state since the former Yugoslavia hosted the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . Beijing was awarded the 2008 Games over four competitors on 13 July 2001 , having won a majority of votes from members of the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) after two rounds of voting . The Government of the People 's Republic of China promoted the Games and invested heavily in new facilities and transport systems . A total of 37 venues were used to host the events , including twelve constructed specifically for the 2008 Olympics . The equestrian events were held in Hong Kong , making this the third Olympics for which the events were held under the jurisdiction of two different NOCs . [ c ] The sailing events were contested in Qingdao , while the football events took place across several different cities . The official logo for the 2008 Games , titled Dancing Beijing , featured a stylised calligraphic character jīng ( 京 , means capital ) in reference to the host city . The Beijing Olympics was watched by 3,500,000,000 people worldwide and featured the longest distance for an Olympic Torch relay . The event sets numerous world and Olympics records in the history of sports , and is also the most expensive Summer Olympics of all time and second-most expensive overall , after the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Wrestling competitions at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing , China , were held at the China Agricultural University Gymnasium from 12-21 August 2008 . It was split into two disciplines , Freestyle and Greco-Roman which are further divided into different weight categories . Men competed in both disciplines whereas women only took part in the freestyle events with 18 gold medals being awarded . This was the second Olympics with women 's wrestling as an event ." } ] }, { "value": "8,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chofu City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chōfu,_Tokyo", "summary": "Chōfu ( 調布市 , Chōfu-shi ) /Japanese pronunciation : [ tɕoːfɯʃi ] is a city in the Tokyo Metropolis , Japan . As of 1 February 2016 [ update ] , the city had an estimated population of 228,663 , and a population density of 10,590 per km² . Its total area is 21.58 square kilometres ( 8.33 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1964 Tokyo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1964_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1964 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad ( Japanese : 第十八回オリンピック競技大会 , Hepburn : Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Kyōgi Taikai ) , was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo , Japan , from 10 to 24 October 1964 . Tokyo had been awarded the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics , but this honour was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan 's invasion of China , before ultimately being cancelled because of World War II . The 1964 Summer Games were the first Olympics held in Asia , and the first time South Africa was barred from taking part due to its apartheid system in sports . ( South Africa was , however , allowed to compete at the 1964 Summer Paralympics , also held in Tokyo , where it made its Paralympic Games debut . ) Tokyo was chosen as the host city during the 55th IOC Session in West Germany , on 26 May 1959 . These games were also the first to be telecast internationally without the need for tapes to be flown overseas , as they had been for the 1960 Olympics four years earlier . The games were telecast to the United States using Syncom 3 , the first geostationary communication satellite , and from there to Europe using Relay 1 . These were also the first Olympic Games to have color telecasts , albeit partially . Certain events like the sumo wrestling and judo matches , sports huge in Japan , were tried out using Toshiba 's new colour transmission system , but only for the domestic market . History surrounding the 1964 Olympics was chronicled in the 1965 documentary film Tokyo Olympiad , directed by Kon Ichikawa . The games were scheduled for mid-October to avoid the city 's midsummer heat and humidity and the September typhoon season . The previous Olympics in Rome in 1960 started in late August and experienced hot weather ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics ( marathon , 50 km walk )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "At the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo , the athletics competition included 36 events , 24 for men and 12 for women . The women 's 400 metres and women 's pentathlon events were newly introduced at these Games . There were a total number of 1016 participating athletes from 82 countries ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_marathon", "summary": "The men 's marathon was part of the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo . It was held on 21 October 1964 . 79 athletes from 41 nations entered , with 68 starting and 58 finishing ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics_–_Men's_50_kilometres_walk", "summary": "The men 's 50 kilometres walk was the longer of the two men 's race walking events on the Athletics at the 1964 Summer Olympics program in Tokyo , as well as the longest event on the program . It was held on 18 October 1964 . 39 athletes from 20 nations entered , with 34 starting and 31 finishing ." } ] }, { "value": "Not listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Circuit de Catalunya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Circuit_de_Catalunya", "summary": "The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya ( Catalan pronunciation : [ siɾˈkujd də bəɾsəˈlonə kətəˈluɲə ] ) is a motorsport race track in Montmeló , Catalonia , Spain . With long straights and a variety of corners , the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya is seen as an all-rounder circuit . The track has stands with a capacity of 140,700 . The circuit has FIA Grade 1 license . Until 2013 the track was known only as the Circuit de Catalunya , before a sponsorship deal with Barcelona City Council added Barcelona to the track 's title ." } ] }, { "value": "1992 Barcelona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Cycling ( road team time trial )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cycling_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The cycling competitions at the 1992 Olympic Games in Barcelona consisted of two different categories : road cycling and track cycling , with ten events being contested . The road team time trial event took place at the Circuit de Catalunya and the A-17 highway , the individual road races were held in Sant Sadurní d'Anoia , and track cycling took place at the Velòdrom d'Horta ." } ] }, { "value": "2,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ricoh Arena ( renamed City of Coventry Stadium during the games )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricoh_Arena", "summary": "The Ricoh Arena in Coventry , England , is a complex which includes a 32,609-seater stadium , used by Wasps rugby union club , a 6,000 square metres ( 65,000 sq ft ) exhibition hall , a hotel and a casino . The site is also home to Arena Park Shopping Centre , containing one of UK 's largest Tesco Extra hypermarkets . Built on the site of the Foleshill gasworks , it is named after its sponsor , Japanese company Ricoh , which paid £10 million for the naming rights over 10 years . For the 2012 Summer Olympics , where stadium naming sponsorship was forbidden , the stadium was known as the City of Coventry Stadium . Originally built as a replacement for Coventry City 's Highfield Road ground , the stadium was initially operated by Arena Coventry Limited ( ACL ) , with Coventry City as tenants . ACL was owned jointly by Coventry City Council and the Higgs Charity . The stadium hosted its first football match in August 2005 . The official opening was performed by Dame Kelly Holmes and sports minister Richard Caborn on 24 February 2007 , by which time the arena had already hosted a sell-out England U21 football match against Germany as well as a full season of Coventry City matches . The Ricoh Arena was the first cashless stadium in the United Kingdom , with customers using a prepay smartcard system in the grounds bars and shops . However , the stadium now accepts cash at all kiosks . Following a protracted rent dispute between Coventry City and ACL , the football club left the Ricoh Arena in 2013 , playing home matches at Sixfields Stadium in Northampton for over a year before returning to the Ricoh in September 2014 . Within two months , both shareholders in ACL were bought out by rugby union Premiership club Wasps , who relocated to the stadium from their previous ground , Adams Park in High Wycombe ." } ] }, { "value": "2012 London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 2012 Summer Olympics , formally the Games of the XXX Olympiad and commonly known as London 2012 , was an international multi-sport event that was held from 27 July to 12 August 2012 in London , United Kingdom . The first event , the group stage in women 's football , began on 25 July at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff , followed by the opening ceremony on 27 July . 10,768 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees ( NOCs ) participated . Following a bid headed by former Olympic champion Sebastian Coe and then-Mayor of London Ken Livingstone , London was selected as the host city on 6 July 2005 during the 117th IOC Session in Singapore , defeating bids from Moscow , New York City , Madrid , and Paris . London became the first city to host the modern Olympics three times , having previously hosted the Summer Games in 1908 and in 1948 . Construction for the Games involved considerable redevelopment , with an emphasis on sustainability . The main focus was a new 200-hectare ( 490-acre ) Olympic Park , constructed on a former industrial site at Stratford , East London . The Games also made use of venues that already existed before the bid . The Games received general praise for their organisation , with the volunteers , the British military and public enthusiasm praised particularly highly . The opening ceremony , directed by Danny Boyle , received widespread acclaim throughout the world , particular praise from the British public and a minority of widely ranging criticisms from some social media sites . During the Games , Michael Phelps became the most decorated Olympic athlete of all time , winning his 22nd medal . Saudi Arabia , Qatar , and Brunei entered female athletes for the first time , so that every currently eligible country has sent a female competitor to at least one Olympic Games ." } ] }, { "value": "Football", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Football_at_the_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Football at the Summer Olympics , commonly known as football or soccer , has been included in every Summer Olympic Games as a men 's competition sport , except 1896 and 1932 . Women 's football was added to the official program at the 1996 Atlanta Games ." } ] }, { "value": "32,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Clark Atlanta University Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Panther_Stadium", "summary": "Panther Stadium is a 5,000-seat stadium located on the campus of Clark Atlanta University in Atlanta , Georgia , United States . It was the secondary venue for field hockey events during the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta . It is currently home to the Clark Atlanta University Panthers , NCAA Division II member . The athletics track surrounding the field was moved there from Centennial Olympic Stadium after the Olympic events concluded and the stadium was converted into Turner Field ." } ] }, { "value": "1996 Atlanta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1996_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1996 Summer Olympics , officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad , commonly known as Atlanta 1996 , and also referred to as the Centennial Olympic Games , were an international multi-sport event that was held from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 , in Atlanta , Georgia , U.S . These Games , which were the fourth Summer Olympics to be hosted by the United States , marked the centennial of the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens - the inaugural edition of the modern Olympic Games . They were also the first since 1924 to be held in a different year from a Winter Olympics , under a new IOC practice implemented in 1994 to hold the Summer and Winter Games in alternating , even-numbered years . More than 10,000 athletes from 197 National Olympic Committees competed in 26 sports , including the Olympic debuts of beach volleyball , mountain biking , and softball , as well as the new disciplines of lightweight rowing and women 's football ( soccer ) . 24 countries made their Summer Olympic debut in Atlanta , including eleven former Soviet republics participating for the first time as independent nations . The hosting United States led the medal count with a total of 101 medals , and the most gold ( 44 ) and silver ( 32 ) medals out of all countries . The U.S. topped the medal count for the first time since 1984 , and for the first time since 1968 in a non-boycotted Summer Olympics . Notable performances during competition included those of Andre Agassi - who became the first men 's singles tennis player to combine a career Grand Slam with an Olympic gold medal , Donovan Bailey - who set a new world record of 9.84 for the men 's 100 meters , and Lilia Podkopayeva - who became the second gymnast to win an individual event gold after winning the all-round title in the same Olympics . The festivities were marred by violence on July 27 , when Eric Rudolph detonated pipe bombs at Centennial Olympic Park - a downtown park that was built to serve as a public focal point for the Games ' festivities , killing 1 and injuring 111 . In 2003 , Rudolph confessed to the bombing and a series of related attacks on abortion centers and a gay bar , and was sentenced to life in prison . He claimed that the bombing was meant to protest the U.S. government 's sanctioning of abortion on demand . The Games turned a profit , helped by record revenue from sponsorship deals and broadcast rights , and reliance on private funding ( as opposed to the extensive public funding used on later Olympics ) , among other factors ." } ] }, { "value": "Field hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Field_hockey_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The Olympic field hockey tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta , United States , was held in Herndon Stadium and Panther Stadium from July 20 to August 2 , 1996 ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Club de Yates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_de_Yates_(Acapulco)", "summary": "Club de Yates de Acapulco ( English : Acapulco Yacht Club ) is a yacht club located in Acapulco , Mexico . Opened in December 1955 , it served as host of the sailing events for the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City . Since the 1968 Games , the yacht club continues to serve as a sailing venue ." } ] }, { "value": "1968 Mexico City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1968 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1968 ) , officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City , Mexico , from October 12 to the 27th . These were the first Olympic Games to be staged in Latin America and the first to be staged in a Spanish-speaking country . They were the first Games to use an all-weather ( smooth ) track for track and field events instead of the traditional cinder track . The 1968 Games were the third to be held in the last quarter of the year , after the 1956 Games in Melbourne and the 1964 Games in Tokyo . The Mexican Student Movement of 1968 happened concurrently and the Olympic Games were correlated to the government 's repression . The United States won the most gold and overall medals for the last time until 1984 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sailing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "Sailing/Yachting is an Olympic sport starting from the Games of the 1st Olympiad ( 1896 Olympics ) in Athens , Greece . With the exception of 1904 and the canceled 1916 Summer Olympics , sailing has always been included on the Olympic schedule . The Sailing program of 1968 consisted of a total of five sailing classes ( disciplines ) . For each class seven races were scheduled from 14 October 1968 to 21 October 1968 off the coast of Acapulco in the Bay of Acapulco . The sailing was done on the triangular type Olympic courses ." } ] }, { "value": "Not listed", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Club Hípic El Montayá", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Club_Hípic_El_Montayá", "summary": "The Club Hípic El Montanyà ( English : El Montanyà Horse Club ) is a Spanish horse club . For the 1992 Summer Olympics in neighboring Barcelona , it hosted the equestrian dressage and the cross country part of the eventing competitions . The venue was constructed on a golf course in 1991 over 200 ha ( 490 acres ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1992 Barcelona", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The 1992 Summer Olympics ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de Verano de 1992 , Catalan : Jocs Olímpics d'estiu de 1992 ) , officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad , was an international multi-sport event held in Barcelona , Spain from 25 July to 9 August 1992 . Beginning in 1994 , the International Olympic Committee decided to hold the Summer and Winter Olympics in alternating even-numbered years . The 1992 Summer Olympics was the last occasion for the Summer and Winter Olympics to be staged in the same year . This Olympiad was the first since the end of the Cold War , and was unaffected by boycotts for the first time since the 1972 Olympiad . The Unified Team topped the medal table , winning 45 gold and 112 overall medals ." } ] }, { "value": "Equestrian ( dressage , eventing endurance )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Equestrian_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics", "summary": "The equestrian events at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics included dressage , eventing , and show jumping . All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "3,400", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "Creve Coeur Lake hosted the rowing events for the 1904 Summer Olympics in St. Louis . For the Summer Olympics , there are a total of 34 venues that start with the letter ' C ' .", "uid": "List_of_Summer_Olympics_venues:_C_0", "intro": "For the Summer Olympics, there are a total of 34 venues that start with the letter 'C'." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_18)", "title": "Live with Regis and Kelly (season 18)", "header": [ "Date", "Co-hosts", "Guests/segments" ], "data": [ { "value": "May 1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Ving Rhames , a report on computer-imagined hairstyles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ving_Rhames", "summary": "Irving Rameses Rhames ( born May 12 , 1959 ) is an American stage and screen actor . He is best known for his starring role as Luther Stickell in the Mission : Impossible film series and his supporting role as gang kingpin Marsellus Wallace in Pulp Fiction . He also appeared in Jacob 's Ladder ( 1990 ) , Dave ( 1993 ) , Striptease ( 1996 ) , Don King : Only in America ( 1997 ) , Rosewood ( 1997 ) , Con Air ( 1997 ) , Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , Baby Boy ( 2001 ) , Dawn of the Dead ( 2004 ) , Day of the Dead ( 2008 ) , Piranha 3D ( 2010 ) , and Father Figures ( 2017 ) . He voiced Cobra Bubbles in the animated film Lilo & Stitch ( 2002 ) . Rhames is a Golden Globe Award winner , as well as an Emmy Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "May 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Jonathan Rhys Meyers , David Blaine , KT Tunstall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jonathan_Rhys_Meyers", "summary": "Jonathan Rhys Meyers ( born Jonathan Michael Francis O'Keeffe ; 27 July 1977 ) is an Irish actor . He is known for his roles in the films Velvet Goldmine ( 1998 ) , Bend It Like Beckham ( 2002 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) and his television roles as Elvis Presley in the biographical miniseries Elvis ( 2005 ) , which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film , and as King Henry VIII in the historical drama The Tudors ( 2007-10 ) . He has been the face model for several Hugo Boss fragrances advertising campaigns . In 2013 , Meyers appeared as the villain Valentine Morgenstern in The Mortal Instruments : City of Bones , based on Cassandra Clare 's novel , City of Bones . He also starred in the NBC drama series Dracula ( 2013-14 ) as the title character , and appeared in the 2015 film Stonewall , directed by Roland Emmerich ." }, { "url": "/wiki/David_Blaine", "summary": "David Blaine White ( born April 4 , 1973 ) is an American illusionist , endurance artist and extreme performer . He is best known for his high-profile feats of endurance , and has set and broken several world records . Blaine innovated the way magic is shown on television by focusing on spectator reactions . His idea was to turn the camera around on the people watching instead of the performer , to make the audience watch the audience . The New York Times noted that he 's taken a craft that 's been around for hundreds of years and done something unique and fresh with it . According to the New York Daily News , Blaine can lay claim to his own brand of wizardry . The magic he offers operates on an uncommonly personal level . Penn Jillette called Blaine 's first television special , Street Magic , the biggest breakthrough ( in television magic ) done in our lifetime for changing the perspective of television viewers toward those seeing the trick live ." }, { "url": "/wiki/KT_Tunstall", "summary": "Kate Victoria Tunstall ( born 23 June 1975 ) , known professionally as KT Tunstall , is a Scottish singer-songwriter and musician . She broke into the public eye with a 2004 live solo performance of her song Black Horse and the Cherry Tree on Later . with Jools Holland . Born in Edinburgh to a Hong Kong-born exotic dancer , she was adopted by David and Rosemary Tunstall of St Andrews . At the age of four she started playing piano ; later she learned to play other musical instruments . She attended the Lawhead Primary and Madras College in St. Andrews , High School of Dundee and Kent School in Kent , Connecticut in the United States . She earned her BA in Drama & Music in 1996 from the Royal Holloway , University of London . She was awarded an honorary doctorate by Royal Holloway in 2011 . Her debut album was named Eye to the Telescope - the name was inspired by her childhood experiences at her father 's physics laboratory at University of St Andrews . Released in 2004 , this album launched her music career . That album inspired her nomination for the Mercury Prize in 2005 , BRIT Award for Best British Live Act and BRIT Award for Best Breakthrough Act in 2006 , and Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance in 2007 . She eventually won BRIT Award for Best British Female Artist and European Border Breakers Award , both in 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Tom Cruise", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_Cruise", "summary": "Thomas Cruise ( born Thomas Cruise Mapother IV ; July 3 , 1962 ) is an American actor and film producer . He has received several accolades for his work , including three Golden Globe Awards and nominations for three Academy Awards . Cruise is one of the best-paid actors in the world , and his films have grossed over $ 4 billion in North America and over $ 10.1 billion worldwide , making him one of the highest-grossing box-office stars of all time . Cruise began acting in the early 1980s and made his breakthrough with leading roles in the comedy Risky Business ( 1983 ) and the action drama Top Gun ( 1986 ) . Critical acclaim came with his roles in the dramas The Color of Money ( 1986 ) , Rain Man ( 1988 ) , and Born on the Fourth of July ( 1989 ) . For portraying Ron Kovic in the latter , he won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actor . As a leading Hollywood star in the 1990s , Cruise starred in several commercially successful films , including the drama A Few Good Men ( 1992 ) , the thriller The Firm ( 1993 ) , the horror film Interview with the Vampire ( 1994 ) , and the romance Jerry Maguire ( 1996 ) , for which he won another Golden Globe and received his second Oscar nomination . His performance as a motivational speaker in the 1999 drama Magnolia earned him a third Golden Globe and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . As an action star , Cruise has played Ethan Hunt in six films of the Mission : Impossible film series from 1996 to 2018 . He also continued to feature in several science fiction and action films , including Vanilla Sky ( 2001 ) , Minority Report ( 2002 ) , The Last Samurai ( 2003 ) , Collateral ( 2004 ) , War of the Worlds ( 2005 ) , Knight and Day ( 2010 ) , Jack Reacher ( 2012 ) , Oblivion ( 2013 ) , and Edge of Tomorrow ( 2014 ) . Cruise has been married to actresses Mimi Rogers , Nicole Kidman , and Katie Holmes . He has three children , two of whom were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and the other of whom is a biological daughter he had with Holmes ." } ] }, { "value": "May 4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Rodriguez , Judy Sheindlin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michelle_Rodriguez", "summary": "Mayte Michelle Rodriguez ( born July 12 , 1978 ) is an American actress . Her breakout role was as a troubled boxer in the independent film Girlfight ( 2000 ) , which was met with critical acclaim and earned her several awards , including the Independent Spirit Award and Gotham Award for Best Debut Performance . The following year , she starred as Letty Ortiz in the blockbuster film The Fast and the Furious ( 2001 ) , a role she has reprised in five additional films in the Fast & Furious franchise . During her career , Rodriguez has played in a number of successful action films , including Resident Evil , S.W.A.T. , and Avatar . Rodriguez also branched into television , playing Ana Lucia Cortez in the second season of the television series Lost . She has also had numerous voice work appearances in video games such as Call of Duty and Halo , and lent her voice for the 3D animated film Turbo and the television series IGPX . With her films grossing over $ 5 billion ( U.S. ) collectively , a 2013 Entertainment Weekly article described Rodriguez as arguably the most iconic actress in the action genre , as well as one of the most visible Latinas in Hollywood ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Judy_Sheindlin", "summary": "Judith Susan Sheindlin ( née Blum ; born October 21 , 1942 ) , known professionally as Judge Judy , is an American prosecution lawyer , former Manhattan family court judge , television personality , and author . Since September 1996 , Sheindlin has presided over her own successful 4-time Daytime Emmy Award-winning arbitration-based court show series , Judge Judy , produced by CBS Television Distribution . Sheindlin passed the New York state bar examination in 1965 and became a prosecutor in the family court system . In 1982 New York City Mayor Ed Koch appointed her as a judge , first in criminal court , then later as Manhattan 's supervising family court judge in 1986 . Sheindlin is the longest serving judge or arbitrator in courtroom-themed programming history , a distinction that earned Sheindlin a place in the Guinness World Records ." } ] }, { "value": "May 5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Teri Hatcher , Jimmy Buffett , Sam Champion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Teri_Hatcher", "summary": "Teri Lynn Hatcher ( born December 8 , 1964 ) is an American actress , writer , presenter and singer . She is most known for her portrayal of Lois Lane on the television series Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman ( 1993-1997 ) , as Paris Carver in the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies , and as Susan Mayer on the television series Desperate Housewives ( 2004-2012 ) amongst numerous other television and film roles . For her portrayal of Susan Mayer , she won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy , three Screen Actors Guild Awards ( one as lead female actor and the other two as part of the best ensemble ) , and a Primetime Emmy nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jimmy_Buffett", "summary": "James William Buffett ( born December 25 , 1946 ) is an American singer , songwriter , musician , author , actor , and businessman . He is best known for his music , which often portrays an island escapism lifestyle . Together with his Coral Reefer Band , Buffett has recorded hit songs including Margaritaville ( ranked 234th on the Recording Industry Association of America 's list of Songs of the Century ) and Come Monday . He has a devoted base of fans known as Parrotheads . Aside from his career in music , Buffett is also a best-selling writer and is involved in two restaurant chains named after two of his best-known songs ; he owns the Margaritaville Cafe restaurant chain and co-developed the Cheeseburger in Paradise restaurant chain ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sam_Champion", "summary": "Samuel James Champion ( born August 13 , 1961 ) is an American weather anchor who is best known for his combined 25-year career on the ABC flagship station WABC-TV and Good Morning America . He formerly co-anchored AMHQ : America 's Morning Headquarters and 23.5 Degrees With Sam Champion on The Weather Channel . After December 4 , 2013 , his final day with ABC , he became the managing editor of The Weather Channel , beginning on January 1 , 2014 . Champion also appeared on the Today show on NBC . After leaving NBC and the Weather Channel in 2016 , he returned to ABC on a fill-in basis and returned to become the weekday morning and noon weather anchor at WABC-TV in June 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Josh Lucas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josh_Lucas", "summary": "Joshua Lucas Easy Dent Maurer ( born June 20 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He has appeared in various films , including American Psycho , You Can Count on Me , The Deep End , A Beautiful Mind , Sweet Home Alabama , Hulk , Secondhand Lions , Stealth , An Unfinished Life , Glory Road , Poseidon , Management , Life as We Know It , The Lincoln Lawyer , J. Edgar , Red Dog , Breakthrough , and Ford v Ferrari . His television roles include The Firm , The Mysteries of Laura , and Yellowstone ." } ] }, { "value": "May 9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Jaime Pressly , Nick Lachey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jaime_Pressly", "summary": "Jaime Elizabeth Pressly ( born July 30 , 1977 ) is an American actress and model . She is best known for playing Joy Turner on the NBC sitcom My Name Is Earl , for which she was nominated for two Emmy Awards ( winning one ) as well as a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award . She has also appeared in films such as Poison Ivy : The New Seduction ( 1997 ) , Joe Dirt ( 2001 ) , DOA : Dead or Alive ( 2006 ) , and I Love You , Man ( 2009 ) . She currently portrays Jill in the television series Mom ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Lachey", "summary": "Nicholas Scott Lachey ( /ləˈʃeɪ/ lə-SHAY ; born November 9 , 1973 ) is an American actor , singer , and television personality . He rose to fame as the lead singer of the multi-platinum-selling boyband 98 Degrees , and later starred in the reality series Newlyweds : Nick and Jessica with his then-wife , Jessica Simpson . He has released four solo albums : SoulO , What 's Left of Me , A Father 's Lullaby , and Soundtrack of My Life . He also had a recurring role on the television series Charmed ." } ] }, { "value": "May 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Michelle Monaghan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michelle_Monaghan", "summary": "Michelle Lynn Monaghan ( born March 23 , 1976 ) is an American actress . She is best known for her starring roles in Kiss Kiss Bang Bang ( 2005 ) , Gone Baby Gone ( 2007 ) , Made of Honor ( 2008 ) , Eagle Eye ( 2008 ) , Trucker ( 2008 ) , Source Code ( 2011 ) , Pixels ( 2015 ) , and Patriots Day ( 2016 ) . She has also received recognition for her starring role as Julia Meade in the action spy film series Mission : Impossible , appearing in Mission : Impossible III ( 2006 ) , Mission : Impossible - Ghost Protocol ( 2011 ) , and Mission : Impossible - Fallout ( 2018 ) . On television , Monaghan starred as Maggie Hart in the first season of the anthology crime drama series True Detective ( 2014 ) , for which she received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress . She also starred as Sarah Lane in the drama series The Path ( 2016-18 ) . Currently , Monaghan stars as Eva Geller on the Netflix thriller series Messiah ." } ] }, { "value": "May 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Celebrating moms", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "LIVE 's Mom 's Dream Come True Special", "urls": [] }, { "value": "May 15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Nicollette Sheridan , Terry O'Quinn , Jeff Probst", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nicollette_Sheridan", "summary": "Nicollette Sheridan ( born November 21 , 1963 ) is an English-American actress , writer and producer . She began her career as a fashion model , before landing a role in the short-lived ABC primetime soap opera Paper Dolls in 1984 . The following year , she starred in the romantic comedy film The Sure Thing . Sheridan is best known for her roles on television . From 1986 to 1993 , she played Paige Matheson on the CBS primetime soap opera Knots Landing , for which she won two Soap Opera Digest Awards . She later had leading roles in numerous made-for-television movies and miniseries , including Lucky Chances ( 1990 ) , Virus ( 1995 ) , and The People Next Door ( 1996 ) . She has also made a number of feature film appearances , including roles in Noises Off ( 1992 ) , Spy Hard ( 1996 ) , Beverly Hills Ninja ( 1997 ) , and Code Name : The Cleaner ( 2007 ) . In 2004 , Sheridan began starring as Edie Britt in the ABC comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives , a role she played until 2009 , for which she received a nomination for a Golden Globe award . She portrayed Alexis Carrington in The CW primetime soap opera reboot Dynasty from 2018 to 2019 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Terry_O'Quinn", "summary": "Terrance Quinn ( born July 15 , 1952 ) , known professionally as Terry O'Quinn , is an American actor . He played John Locke on the TV series Lost , the title role in The Stepfather and Stepfather II , and Peter Watts in Millennium , which ran for three seasons ( 1996-1999 ) . He has also hosted Mysteries of the Missing on The Science Channel ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jeff_Probst", "summary": "Jeff Probst ( born November 4 , 1961 ) is an American game show host and an executive producer . He is best known as the Emmy Award-winning host of the U.S. version of the reality television show Survivor . He was also the host of The Jeff Probst Show , a syndicated daytime talk show produced by CBS Television Distribution from September 2012 to May 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "James Spader , Christina Milian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_Spader", "summary": "James Todd Spader ( born February 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor . He is best known for portraying eccentric characters in films such as the drama Sex , Lies , and Videotape ( 1989 ) , the action science fiction film Stargate ( 1994 ) , the controversial psychological thriller Crash ( 1996 ) , and the erotic romance Secretary ( 2002 ) . In the Marvel Cinematic Universe , he played the titular character of Ultron in Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , which he portrayed through voice and motion capture . His best-known television roles are those of attorney Alan Shore in The Practice and its spin-off Boston Legal ( for which he won three Emmy Awards ) , and Robert California in the comedy-mockumentary The Office . He currently stars as high-profile criminal-turned-FBI-informant Raymond Red Reddington in the NBC crime drama The Blacklist , for which he has earned two Golden Globe Award nominations ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Christina_Milian", "summary": "Christine Flores ( born September 26 , 1981 ) , better known as Christina Milian ( /ˌmɪliˈɑːn/ ) , is an American actress , singer and songwriter of Cuban origin . Born in Jersey City , New Jersey , and raised in Maryland , Milian signed a contract with Def Jam at the age of 19 . In 2001 , Milian released her self-titled debut album , which featured the singles AM to PM and When You Look at Me ; AM to PM charted within the Top 40 of the U.S . Billboard Hot 100 and both peaked in the top three on the UK Singles Chart . In 2004 , Milian released her second studio album It 's About Time , which provided her first major U.S. hit , Dip It Low , which reached number five on the U.S . Billboard chart . Whatever U Want was released as the album 's second single . Both singles charted within the Top 10 of the UK chart . In 2006 , Milian released her third studio album So Amazin ' . The album produced one single , Say I , which peaked in the Top 30 of the US Billboard chart . A month after the release of So Amazin ' , Milian 's representative confirmed that she had left Island Records due to creative differences . Milian signed with Interscope Records in 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Eric McCormack , Jennifer Garner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eric_McCormack", "summary": "Eric James McCormack ( born April 18 , 1963 ) is a Canadian-American actor and singer known for his role as Will Truman in the American sitcom Will & Grace , Grant MacLaren in Netflix 's Travelers and Dr. Daniel Pierce in the American crime drama Perception . Born in Toronto , McCormack started acting by performing in high school plays . He left Ryerson University in 1985 to accept a position with the Stratford Shakespeare Festival , where he spent five years performing in numerous stage productions . For much of the late 1990s , he lived in Los Angeles and had minor roles . He made his feature film debut in the 1992 science-fiction adventure film The Lost World . McCormack appeared in several television series , including Top Cops , Street Justice , Lonesome Dove : The Series , Townies , and Ally McBeal . McCormack later gained worldwide recognition for playing Will Truman in Will & Grace , which premiered in September 1998 . His performance has earned him six Golden Globe nominations and four Emmy nominations , ultimately winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series in 2001 . Aside from appearing in television , he made his Broadway debut in the 2001 production of The Music Man and starred in the 2005 film The Sisters . Following the series conclusion of Will & Grace in 2006 , McCormack starred as the leading role in the New York production of Some Girl ( s ) . He starred in the television miniseries The Andromeda Strain ( 2008 ) and returned to television in 2009 in the TNT drama Trust Me , which was cancelled after one season . Also in 2009 , McCormack was cast in the science-fiction movie Alien Trespass ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jennifer_Garner", "summary": "Jennifer Anne Garner ( born April 17 , 1972 ) is an American actress . Following a supporting role in Pearl Harbor ( 2001 ) , Garner gained recognition for her performance as CIA officer Sydney Bristow in the ABC spy-action thriller Alias , which aired from 2001 to 2006 . For her work on the series , she won a Golden Globe Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award , and received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations . While working on Alias , Garner made a cameo appearance in Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , followed by giving a praised leading performance in the romantic comedy film 13 Going on 30 ( 2004 ) . Garner has appeared in supporting as well as lead roles , including the superhero films Daredevil ( 2003 ) and Elektra ( 2005 ) , the comedy-drama Juno ( 2007 ) , and the fantasy-comedy The Invention of Lying ( 2009 ) . In the 2010s , she appeared in the romantic comedy Valentine 's Day ( 2010 ) , the fantasy drama The Odd Life of Timothy Green ( 2012 ) , the biographic drama Dallas Buyers Club ( 2013 ) , the family comedy Alexander and the Terrible , Horrible , No Good , Very Bad Day ( 2014 ) , the drama Miracles from Heaven ( 2016 ) , the romantic comedy-drama Love , Simon ( 2018 ) , and the action thriller Peppermint ( 2018 ) . Garner works frequently as an activist for early childhood education and is a board member of Save the Children . She is also an advocate for anti-paparazzi campaigns among children of celebrities . Garner had a five-year relationship with Scott Foley from 1998 to 2003 , during which they married . Garner married actor Ben Affleck in 2005 ; they separated in 2015 and divorced in 2018 . Garner and Affleck have three children together ." } ] }, { "value": "May 18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Jimmy Kimmel , Debra Messing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jimmy_Kimmel", "summary": "James Christian Kimmel ( born November 13 , 1967 ) is an American television host , comedian , writer , and producer . He is the host and executive producer of Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , a late-night talk show that premiered on ABC on January 26 , 2003 at Hollywood Masonic Temple in Hollywood , California ; and on April 1 , 2019 , at a secondary home , the Zappos Theater on the Las Vegas Strip . Kimmel hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2012 and 2016 , and the Academy Awards in 2017 and 2018 . Before hosting Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , he was known as the co-host of Comedy Central 's The Man Show and Win Ben Stein 's Money . Kimmel has also produced such shows as Crank Yankers , Sports Show with Norm Macdonald , and The Andy Milonakis Show . In 2018 , Time named him as one of The World 's 100 Most Influential People ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Debra_Messing", "summary": "Debra Lynn Messing ( born August 15 , 1968 ) is an American actress . After graduating from New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , Messing received short-lived roles on television series such as Ned and Stacey on Fox ( 1995-1997 ) and Prey on ABC ( 1998 ) . She achieved her breakthrough role as Grace Adler , an interior designer , on the NBC sitcom Will & Grace ( 1998-2006 , 2017-2020 ) , for which she was critically acclaimed , receiving six Golden Globe Award nominations and five Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series , winning once in 2003 . From 2007 to 2008 , Messing starred as Molly Kagan , the ex-wife of a Hollywood film mogul , on the television miniseries The Starter Wife , for which she received two Golden Globe nominations , a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and a Screen Actors Guild Award nomination for her performance . Thereafter , she appeared as Broadway playwright Julia Houston on the NBC musical drama Smash ( 2012-2013 ) and as homicide detective Laura Diamond on the NBC police-procedural comedy The Mysteries of Laura ( 2014-2016 ) . Since 2017 , Messing has been reprising her role as Grace Adler on NBC 's revival of Will & Grace , garnering a ninth Golden Globe nomination for her performance . Messing 's film work includes A Walk in the Clouds ( 1995 ) , Jesus ( 1999 ) , The Mothman Prophecies ( 2002 ) , Hollywood Ending ( 2002 ) , Along Came Polly ( 2004 ) , The Wedding Date ( 2005 ) , Lucky You ( 2007 ) , The Women ( 2008 ) , Nothing like the Holidays ( 2008 ) , and Searching ( 2018 ) . She has also lent her voice to animated films such as Garfield ( 2004 ) and Open Season ( 2006 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "May 19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Tom Hanks , Patricia Arquette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tom_Hanks", "summary": "Thomas Jeffrey Hanks ( born July 9 , 1956 ) is an American actor and filmmaker . Hanks is known for his comedic and dramatic roles in such films as Splash ( 1984 ) , Bachelor Party ( 1984 ) , Big ( 1988 ) , Turner & Hooch ( 1989 ) , A League of Their Own ( 1992 ) , Sleepless in Seattle ( 1993 ) , Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) , Apollo 13 ( 1995 ) , You 've Got Mail ( 1998 ) , The Green Mile ( 1999 ) , Cast Away ( 2000 ) , Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , Captain Phillips ( 2013 ) , Saving Mr. Banks ( 2013 ) , Sully ( 2016 ) , and A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood ( 2019 ) . He has also starred in the Robert Langdon films , and he voices Sheriff Woody in the Toy Story film series . He is one of the most popular and recognizable film stars worldwide , and he is widely regarded as an American cultural icon . Hanks has collaborated with film director Steven Spielberg on five films to date : Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , Catch Me If You Can ( 2002 ) , The Terminal ( 2004 ) , Bridge of Spies ( 2015 ) , and The Post ( 2017 ) , as well as the 2001 miniseries Band of Brothers , which launched Hanks as a successful director , producer , and screenwriter . In 2010 , Spielberg and Hanks were executive producers on the HBO miniseries The Pacific . Hanks ' films have grossed more than $ 4.9 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $ 9.96 billion worldwide , making him the fifth-highest-grossing actor in North America . His awards include a Golden Globe Award and an Academy Award for his role in Philadelphia ( 1993 ) , as well as a Golden Globe Award , an Academy Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , and a People 's Choice Award for Forrest Gump ( 1994 ) . Hanks is one of only two actors to win the Academy Award for Best Actor in consecutive years , Spencer Tracy being the other . In 2004 , he received the Stanley Kubrick Britannia Award for Excellence in Film from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts ( BAFTA ) . In 2014 , he received a Kennedy Center Honor , and in 2016 , he received a Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Barack Obama , as well as the French Legion of Honor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Patricia_Arquette", "summary": "Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her feature film debut as Kristen Parker in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) . Her other notable films include True Romance ( 1993 ) , Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , Stigmata ( 1999 ) , Holes ( 2003 ) , Fast Food Nation ( 2006 ) , The Wannabe ( 2015 ) , and Toy Story 4 ( 2019 ) . For playing a divorced mother in the coming-of-age drama film Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , Arquette received widespread critical praise and won several awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois - based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities - in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005-2011 ) . She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series in 2005 , from two nominations she received for the role , in addition to three Golden Globe Award and Screen Actors Guild Award nominations . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015-16 ) . She went on to star as Joyce Mitchell in the Showtime miniseries Escape at Dannemora ( 2018 ) , winning a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress , and as Dee Dee Blanchard in the Hulu anthology series The Act ( 2019 ) , winning the Golden Globe Award and Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress ." } ] }, { "value": "May 22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "LIVE ! in Niagara Falls , Mary Lynn Rajskub , Ashley Parker Angel , America 's Next Top Model", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Niagara_Falls", "summary": "Niagara Falls /naɪˈæɡrə , naɪˈæɡərə/ is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge , spanning the border between the US state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario . The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls , also known as Canadian Falls , which straddles the international border between Canada and the United States . The smaller American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls lie entirely within the United States . Bridal Veil Falls are separated from Horseshoe Falls by Goat Island and from American Falls by Luna Island , with both islands situated in New York as well . Located on the Niagara River , which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario , the combined falls have the highest flow rate of any waterfall in North America that has a vertical drop of more than 50 metres ( 160 ft ) . During peak daytime tourist hours , more than 168,000 m3 ( six million cubic feet ) of water goes over the crest of the falls every minute . Horseshoe Falls is the most powerful waterfall in North America , as measured by flow rate . The falls are 27 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north-northwest of Buffalo , New York , and 121 kilometres ( 75 mi ) south-southeast of Toronto , between the twin cities of Niagara Falls , Ontario , and Niagara Falls , New York . Niagara Falls was formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation ( the last ice age ) , and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean . Niagara Falls is famed both for its beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power . Balancing recreational , commercial , and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mary_Lynn_Rajskub", "summary": "Mary Lynn Rajskub ( /ˈraɪskəb/ ; born June 22 , 1971 ) is an American actress and comedian , best known for portraying Chloe O'Brian in the Fox action thriller series 24 . She appeared on HBO 's Mr. Show , and in the films Dude , Where 's My Car ? , Sweet Home Alabama , Punch-Drunk Love , Safety Not Guaranteed , The Kings of Summer and Night School , among others ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ashley_Parker_Angel", "summary": "Ashley Parker Angel ( born August 1 , 1981 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actor who rose to prominence as a member of the boyband O-Town . After the band dissolved he had a brief solo music career , and was the only former band member who declined to go on a reunion tour with O-Town in 2011 . Parker Angel has acted in several Broadway productions since 2007 , and most recently appeared in Wicked as the lead male character Fiyero Tigelaar ." }, { "url": "/wiki/America's_Next_Top_Model", "summary": "America 's Next Top Model ( abbreviated ANTM and Top Model ) is an American reality television series and interactive competition in which a number of aspiring models compete for the title of America 's Next Top Model and a chance to begin their career in the modeling industry . Created by Tyra Banks , who also serves as an executive producer , and developed by Ken Mok and Kenya Barris , the series premiered in May 2003 , and aired semiannually until 2012 , then annually from 2013 . The first six seasons ( referred to as cycles ) aired on UPN , before UPN merged with The WB to create The CW in 2006 . The following sixteen cycles aired on The CW until the series was first cancelled in October 2015 . The series was revived in 2016 and has been airing on VH1 ever since . The series was among the highest-rated programs on UPN and was the highest-rated show on The CW from 2007 to 2010 . Advertisers paid $ 61,315 per 30-second slot during the 2011-12 television season , the highest of any series on The CW . The first 22 cycles of the series and cycle 24 were presented by Banks , while cycle 23 was presented by Rita Ora . The series also employs a panel of two or three additional judges , a creative director and a runway coach . Cycles 1-16 , 19 and 23-24 each consisted of a cast of 10-15 female contestants with no previous participation on the series . Cycle 17 's cast consisted entirely of previous participants , while cycle 18 's had seven new contestants and seven former Britain 's Next Top Model participants . Cycles 20-22 featured male contestants in the contest , including two male winners ." } ] }, { "value": "May 23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "LIVE ! in Niagara Falls , Dean Cain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Niagara_Falls", "summary": "Niagara Falls /naɪˈæɡrə , naɪˈæɡərə/ is a group of three waterfalls at the southern end of Niagara Gorge , spanning the border between the US state of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario . The largest of the three is Horseshoe Falls , also known as Canadian Falls , which straddles the international border between Canada and the United States . The smaller American Falls and Bridal Veil Falls lie entirely within the United States . Bridal Veil Falls are separated from Horseshoe Falls by Goat Island and from American Falls by Luna Island , with both islands situated in New York as well . Located on the Niagara River , which drains Lake Erie into Lake Ontario , the combined falls have the highest flow rate of any waterfall in North America that has a vertical drop of more than 50 metres ( 160 ft ) . During peak daytime tourist hours , more than 168,000 m3 ( six million cubic feet ) of water goes over the crest of the falls every minute . Horseshoe Falls is the most powerful waterfall in North America , as measured by flow rate . The falls are 27 kilometres ( 17 mi ) north-northwest of Buffalo , New York , and 121 kilometres ( 75 mi ) south-southeast of Toronto , between the twin cities of Niagara Falls , Ontario , and Niagara Falls , New York . Niagara Falls was formed when glaciers receded at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation ( the last ice age ) , and water from the newly formed Great Lakes carved a path through the Niagara Escarpment en route to the Atlantic Ocean . Niagara Falls is famed both for its beauty and as a valuable source of hydroelectric power . Balancing recreational , commercial , and industrial uses has been a challenge for the stewards of the falls since the 19th century ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Dean_Cain", "summary": "Dean George Cain ( né Tanaka ; born July 31 , 1966 ) is an American actor , producer , television show host , and former football player , best known for playing the role of Clark Kent/Superman in the TV series Lois & Clark : The New Adventures of Superman . He was also host of Ripley 's Believe It or Not ! and appeared in the soap opera series Hit the Floor ." } ] }, { "value": "May 24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Halle Berry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Halle_Berry", "summary": "Halle Maria Berry ( born Maria Halle Berry ; August 14 , 1966 ) is an American actress . Berry won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the romantic drama film Monster 's Ball ( 2001 ) , becoming the only woman of African American descent to have won the award . Before becoming an actress , Berry was a model and entered several beauty contests , finishing as the first runner-up in the Miss USA pageant and coming in sixth in the Miss World 1986 . Her breakthrough film role was in the romantic comedy Boomerang ( 1992 ) , alongside Eddie Murphy , which led to roles in films , such as the family comedy The Flintstones ( 1994 ) , the political comedy-drama Bulworth ( 1998 ) and the television film Introducing Dorothy Dandridge ( 1999 ) , for which she won a Primetime Emmy Award and a Golden Globe Award . In addition to her Academy Award , Berry garnered high-profile roles in the 2000s , such as Storm in X-Men ( 2000 ) , the thrillers Swordfish ( 2001 ) and Gothika ( 2003 ) , and the spy film Die Another Day ( 2002 ) , where she played Bond girl Jinx . She then appeared in the X-Men sequels , X2 ( 2003 ) and X-Men : The Last Stand ( 2006 ) . In the 2010s , she has featured in the science-fiction film Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) , the crime thriller The Call ( 2013 ) and the action films X-Men : Days of Future Past ( 2014 ) , Kingsman : The Golden Circle ( 2017 ) and John Wick : Chapter 3 - Parabellum ( 2019 ) . Berry was one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood during the 2000s , and has been involved in the production of several of the films in which she performed . Berry is also a Revlon spokesmodel . She was formerly married to baseball player David Justice , singer-songwriter Eric Benét , and actor Olivier Martinez . She has a child each with Martinez and model Gabriel Aubry ." } ] }, { "value": "May 25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "Hugh Jackman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hugh_Jackman", "summary": "Hugh Michael Jackman AC ( born 12 October 1968 ) is an Australian actor , singer , and producer . He is best known for playing Wolverine in the X-Men film series from 2000 to 2018 , a role for which he holds the Guinness World Record for longest career as a live-action Marvel superhero . Jackman is also recognised for his lead roles in films such as the romantic comedy Kate & Leopold ( 2001 ) , the action film Van Helsing ( 2004 ) , the drama The Prestige ( 2006 ) , the fantasy drama The Fountain ( 2006 ) , the period romance Australia ( 2008 ) , the film version of Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , the thriller Prisoners ( 2013 ) , and the musical The Greatest Showman ( 2017 ) , for which he received a Grammy Award for Best Soundtrack Album . For playing Jean Valjean in Les Misérables , he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy . In Broadway theatre , Jackman won the 2004 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for his role in The Boy from Oz . A four-time host of the Tony Awards , he won an Emmy Award for hosting the 2005 ceremony . He also hosted the 81st Academy Awards in 2009 . Jackman was appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia in the 2019 Queen 's Birthday Honours for services to performing arts and to the global community ." } ] }, { "value": "May 26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Regis Philbin & Kelly Ripa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regis_Philbin", "summary": "Regis Francis Xavier Philbin ( /ˈriːdʒɪs ˈfɪlbɪn/ ; born August 25 , 1931 ) is an American media personality , actor , and singer , known for hosting talk and game shows since the 1960s . After graduating from the University of Notre Dame , he served in the Navy and got his television start serving as a page for the Tonight Show in the 1950s . Philbin gained his first network TV exposure in 1967 as Joey Bishop 's sidekick on The Joey Bishop Show . Sometimes called ( alternatively attributed to James Brown ) the hardest working man in show business , Philbin holds the Guinness World Record for the most time spent in front of a television camera . His trademarks include his excited manner , his New York accent , his wit , and his irreverent ad-libs . Philbin is most widely known as the host of the New York City-based nationally syndicated talk show Live ! with Regis and Kathie Lee starting in 1988 , which became Live ! with Regis and Kelly starting in 2001 , and continued on with former football player Michael Strahan after Philbin 's departure in 2011 . Philbin debuted and hosted Who Wants to Be a Millionaire , Million Dollar Password , and the first season of America 's Got Talent ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kelly_Ripa", "summary": "Kelly Maria Ripa ( born October 2 , 1970 ) is an American actress , dancer , talk show hostess , and television producer . Ripa portrayed Hayley Vaughan on the ABC daytime soap opera , All My Children , between 1990 and 2002 . She is the co-host of the syndicated morning talk show , Live ! with Kelly and Ryan , in various formats since 2001 . She also played Faith Fairfield on the ABC sitcom , Hope & Faith , from 2003 to 2006 . Ripa and her husband , Mark Consuelos , own a New York-based production company , Milojo . In 2014 , The Hollywood Reporter named her one of the Most Powerful People in Media ." } ] }, { "value": "LIVE ! at Charlotte Motor Speedway , Paul Newman , Owen Wilson , Jesse James , Phil Vassar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlotte_Motor_Speedway", "summary": "Charlotte Motor Speedway , formerly Lowe 's Motor Speedway , is a motorsports complex located in Concord , North Carolina 13 mi ( 21 km ) from Charlotte . The complex features a 1.5 mi ( 2.4 km ) quad oval track that hosts NASCAR racing including the prestigious Coca-Cola 600 on Memorial Day weekend , the NASCAR All-Star Race , and the Bank of America Roval 400 . The speedway was built in 1959 by Bruton Smith and is considered the home track for NASCAR with many race teams located in the Charlotte area . The track is owned and operated by Speedway Motorsports , Inc. ( SMI ) with Marcus G. Smith ( son of Bruton Smith ) as track president . The 2,000 acres ( 810 ha ) complex also features a state-of-the-art quarter mile ( 0.40 km ) drag racing strip , ZMAX Dragway . It is the only all-concrete , four-lane drag strip in the United States and hosts NHRA events . Alongside the drag strip is a state-of-the-art clay oval that hosts dirt racing including the World of Outlaws finals among other popular racing events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Paul_Newman", "summary": "Paul Leonard Newman ( January 26 , 1925 - September 26 , 2008 ) was an American actor , film director , producer , race car driver , IndyCar owner , entrepreneur , and philanthropist . He won and was nominated for numerous awards , winning an Oscar for his performance in the 1986 film The Color of Money , a BAFTA Award , a Screen Actors Guild Award , a Cannes Film Festival Award , an Emmy Award , and many others . Newman 's other roles include the title characters in The Hustler ( 1961 ) , Hud ( 1963 ) , Harper ( 1966 ) Cool Hand Luke ( 1967 ) , Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid ( 1969 ) , The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean ( 1972 ) , The Sting ( 1973 ) , Slap Shot ( 1977 ) , and The Verdict ( 1982 ) . He voiced Doc Hudson in the first installment of Disney-Pixar 's Cars as his final acting performance , with voice recordings being used in Cars 3 ( 2017 ) . Newman won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing , and his race teams won several championships in open-wheel IndyCar racing . He was a co-founder of Newman 's Own , a food company from which he donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity . As of November 2018 , these donations have totaled over US $ 535 million . He was a co-founder of Safe Water Network , a nonprofit that develops sustainable drinking water solutions for those in need . In 1988 , Newman founded the SeriousFun Children 's Network , a global family of summer camps and programs for children with serious illness which has served 290,076 children since its inception . He was the husband of Oscar winning actress Joanne Woodward ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Owen_Wilson", "summary": "Owen Cunningham Wilson ( born November 18 , 1968 ) is an American actor , producer , and screenwriter . He has had a long association with filmmaker Wes Anderson , with whom he shared writing and acting credits for Bottle Rocket ( 1996 ) and The Royal Tenenbaums ( 2001 ) , the latter of which earned him a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay . He has appeared in a number of Frat Pack comedies and voiced Lightning McQueen in the Cars franchise . His older brother Andrew and younger brother Luke are also actors ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jesse_James_(customizer)", "summary": "Jesse Gregory James ( born April 19 , 1969 ) is an American television personality and former CEO of Austin , Texas-based Austin Speed Shop . James was the host of the reality TV shows Jesse James Is a Dead Man on Spike TV and Monster Garage on the Discovery Channel , and the focus of the documentary Motorcycle Mania , also on Discovery . Jesse James also appeared in the Tony Hawk 's Underground 2 video game , and was the focus of a show chronicling some of the custom builds at Austin Speed Shop in his TV series , Jesse James : Outlaw Garage , which ran a shortened single season in 2012 on the Discovery Channel before being canceled ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Phil_Vassar", "summary": "Phillip George Vassar Jr. ( born May 28 , 1964 ) is an American country music artist . Vassar made his debut on the country music scene in the late 1990s , co-writing singles for several country artists , including Tim McGraw ( For a Little While , My Next Thirty Years ) , Jo Dee Messina ( Bye , Bye , I 'm Alright ) , Collin Raye ( Little Red Rodeo ) , and Alan Jackson ( Right on the Money ) . In 1999 , he was named by American Society of Composers , Authors , and Publishers ( ASCAP ) as Country Songwriter of the Year . Later that same year , Vassar was signed to Arista Nashville as a recording artist . His debut album , Phil Vassar , was released in early 2000 , producing five hits on the U.S . Billboard country singles charts and earning a gold certification in the United States . He followed it in 2002 with American Child , Shaken Not Stirred in 2004 , and finally Greatest Hits , Vol . 1 in 2006 before Vassar left the label for Universal South Records ( now Show Dog-Universal Music ) . His first album for that label , Prayer of a Common Man , was released in early 2008 . He has charted nineteen singles on Billboard 's Hot Country Songs , including two which peaked at No . 1 : 2000 's Just Another Day in Paradise and 2004 's In a Real Love ." } ] } ], "section_title": "May 2006", "section_text": "", "uid": "Live_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_18)_8", "intro": "This is a list of Live with Regis and Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 18th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of e-mails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as a Regis and Kelly Inbox segment." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chilean_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film", "title": "List of Chilean submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film", "header": [ "Year ( Ceremony )", "Film title used in nomination", "Spanish title", "Director", "Result" ], "data": [ { "value": "1990 : ( 63rd )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1990_in_film", "summary": "The year 1990 in film involved many significant events as shown below . Universal Pictures celebrated its 75th anniversary in 1990 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/63rd_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 63rd Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 25 , 1991 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) were presented in 23 categories . The ceremony , which was televised in the United States on ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the second consecutive year . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Geena Davis . Dances with Wolves won seven awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Dick Tracy with three awards , Ghost with two awards , and American Dream , Creature Comforts , Cyrano de Bergerac , Days of Waiting , Goodfellas , The Hunt for Red October , Journey of Hope , The Lunch Date , Misery , Reversal of Fortune , and Total Recall with one . The telecast garnered nearly 43 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "The Moon in the Mirror", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Moon_in_the_Mirror", "summary": "The Moon in the Mirror ( Spanish : La luna en el espejo ) is a 1990 Chilean drama film written and directed by Silvio Caiozzi . It was entered into the main competition at the 47th Venice International Film Festival ; for her performance Gloria Münchmeyer won the Volpi Cup for best actress . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 63rd Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "La Luna en el espejo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silvio Caiozzi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Silvio_Caiozzi", "summary": "Silvio Caiozzi ( born 1944 ) is an award-winning Chilean film director and cinematographer ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1991 : ( 64th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1991_in_film", "summary": "The year 1991 in film involved some significant events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/64th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 64th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 1991 in the United States and took place on March 30 , 1992 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the third consecutive year . Three weeks earlier , in a ceremony held at the Century Plaza Hotel in Los Angeles on March 7 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Tom Hanks . The Silence of the Lambs won five awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Terminator 2 : Judgment Day with four awards , Beauty and the Beast , Bugsy , and JFK with two , and City Slickers , Deadly Deception : General Electric , Nuclear Weapons and Our Environment , The Fisher King , In the Shadow of the Stars , Manipulation , Mediterraneo , Session Man , and Thelma & Louise with one . The telecast garnered more than 44 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "The Frontier", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Frontier_(1991_film)", "summary": "The Frontier ( Spanish : La Frontera ) is a 1991 Chilean drama film directed by Ricardo Larraín and starring Patricio Contreras and Gloria Laso . Larraín won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 64th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "La frontera", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ricardo Larraín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ricardo_Larraín", "summary": "Ricardo Larraín ( 27 April 1957 - 21 March 2016 ) was a Chilean film editor and director . His 1991 film The Frontier won the Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement at the 42nd Berlin International Film Festival . Larraín died of lymphoma in March 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1993 : ( 66th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1993_in_film", "summary": "The year 1993 in film involved many significant films , including the blockbuster hits Jurassic Park , The Fugitive and The Firm . ( For more about films in foreign languages , check sources in those languages . ) Walt Disney Studios celebrated its 70th anniversary in 1993 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/66th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 66th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored films released in 1993 and took place on March 21 , 1994 , at the Dorothy Chandler Pavilion in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the first time . Nearly a month earlier in a ceremony held at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California on February 26 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Laura Dern . Schindler 's List won seven awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Steven Spielberg . Other winners included Jurassic Park and The Piano with three awards each , Philadelphia with two awards , and The Age of Innocence , Belle Epoque , Defending Our Lives , The Fugitive , I Am a Promise : The Children of Stanton Elementary School , Mrs. Doubtfire , Schwarzfahrer and The Wrong Trousers with one . The telecast was watched by more than 46 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Johnny 100 Pesos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johnny_100_Pesos", "summary": "Johnny 100 Pesos ( Spanish : Johnny cien pesos ) is a 1993 Chilean crime film directed by Gustavo Graef Marino . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 66th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "Johnny 100 pesos", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gustavo Graef Marino", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1994 : ( 67th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1994_in_film", "summary": "This is a list of films released in 1994 . The top worldwide grosser was The Lion King , becoming the highest-grossing Walt Disney Feature Animation film of all-time , although it was slightly overtaken at the North American domestic box office by Forrest Gump , which won the Academy Award for Best Picture . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer celebrated its 70th Anniversary in 1994 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/67th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 67th Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) took place on March 27 , 1995 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles beginning at 6:00 p.m. PST / 9:00 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) in 23 categories honoring the films released in 1994 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gilbert Cates and directed by Jeff Margolis . Comedian David Letterman hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California on March 4 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jamie Lee Curtis . Forrest Gump won six awards , including Best Picture . Other winners included Ed Wood , The Lion King , and Speed with two awards , and The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert , Blue Sky , Bob 's Birthday , Bullets over Broadway , Burnt by the Sun , Franz Kafka 's It 's a Wonderful Life , Legends of the Fall , The Madness of King George , Maya Lin : A Strong Clear Vision , Pulp Fiction , A Time for Justice and Trevor with one . The telecast garnered more than 48 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscars telecast since the 55th Academy Awards in 1983 ." } ] }, { "value": "Amnesia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amnesia_(1994_film)", "summary": "Amnesia is a 1994 Chilean drama film directed by Gonzalo Justiniano . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "Amnesia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gonzalo Justiniano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gonzalo_Justiniano", "summary": "Gonzalo Justiniano ( born 1955 ) is an award-winning Chilean filmmaker ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000 : ( 73rd )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_in_film", "summary": "The year 2000 in film involved some significant events . The top grosser worldwide was Mission : Impossible 2 . Domestically in North America , Gladiator won the Academy Awards for Best Picture and Best Actor ( Russell Crowe ) . Dinosaur was the most expensive film of 2000 and a box-office success ." }, { "url": "/wiki/73rd_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 73rd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best of 2000 in film and took place on March 25 , 2001 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles , beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 23 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted the show for the first time . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 3 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Renée Zellweger . Gladiator won five awards including Best Picture . Other winners included Crouching Tiger , Hidden Dragon and Traffic with four awards , and Almost Famous , Big Mama , Erin Brockovich , Father and Daughter , How the Grinch Stole Christmas , Into the Arms of Strangers : Stories of the Kindertransport , Pollock , Quiero ser ( I want to be . ) , U-571 , and Wonder Boys with one . The telecast garnered almost 43 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Coronation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coronation_(film)", "summary": "Coronation ( Spanish : Coronación ) is a 2000 Chilean film directed by Silvio Caiozzi . It was Chile 's submission to the 73rd Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but it was not nominated ." } ] }, { "value": "Coronación", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silvio Caiozzi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Silvio_Caiozzi", "summary": "Silvio Caiozzi ( born 1944 ) is an award-winning Chilean film director and cinematographer ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2001 : ( 74th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2001_in_film", "summary": "The year 2001 in film involved some significant events , including the first of the Harry Potter series , the first of The Fast and the Furious franchise , the first of The Lord of the Rings trilogy , the first of the Ocean 's Trilogy , and the first of the Shrek franchise . Significant non-English language films released included Monsoon Wedding and Amélie ." }, { "url": "/wiki/74th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 74th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 24 , 2002 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2001 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Whoopi Goldberg hosted the show for the fourth time . She first hosted the 66th ceremony held in 1994 and had last hosted the 71st ceremony in 1999 . Three weeks earlier , in a ceremony held at the Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , on March 2 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Charlize Theron . A Beautiful Mind won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Ron Howard . Other winners included The Lord of the Rings : The Fellowship of the Ring also with four awards , Black Hawk Down , and Moulin Rouge ! with two , and The Accountant , For the Birds , Gosford Park , Iris , Monster 's Ball , Monsters , Inc. , Murder on a Sunday Morning , No Man 's Land , Pearl Harbor , Shrek , Thoth , and Training Day , with one . Despite a record length of four hours and twenty-three minutes , the telecast garnered nearly 42 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "A Cab for Three", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A_Cab_for_Three", "summary": "A Cab for Three ( Spanish : Taxi para tres ) is a 2001 Chilean film directed by Orlando Lubbert . It was Chile 's submission to the 74th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee ." } ] }, { "value": "Taxi para tres", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Orlando Lubbert", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Orlando_Lubbert", "summary": "Orlando Lübbert ( born 1 December 1945 ) is a Chilean screenwriter and film director . He is best known for his film A Cab for Three ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2002 : ( 75th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2002_in_film", "summary": "The year 2002 in film involved some significant events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/75th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 75th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) took place on March 23 , 2003 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2002 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Steve Martin hosted for the second time , having previously presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 . Three weeks earlier in a ceremony at Regent Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on March 1 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Kate Hudson . Chicago won six awards including Best Picture . Other winners included The Pianist with three awards , Frida and The Lord of the Rings : The Two Towers with two , and Adaptation , Bowling for Columbine , The ChubbChubbs ! , 8 Mile , The Hours , Nowhere in Africa , Road to Perdition , Spirited Away , Talk to Her , This Charming Man , and Twin Towers with one . The telecast garnered about 33 million viewers in the United States , making it the least-watched and lowest-rated televised Oscar ceremony to that point ." } ] }, { "value": "Ogu and Mampato in Rapa Nui", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ogu_and_Mampato_in_Rapa_Nui", "summary": "Ogu and Mampato in Rapa Nui ( Spanish : Ogú y Mampato en Rapa Nui ) , also known as Mampato : The Movie ( Spanish : Mampato : La Película ) is a feature-length Chilean animated film , created by Cine Animadores and executive produced by Elastic Studios , released June 27 , 2002 . Although the film is n't the first animated feature made in Chile , being the second after Alfredo Serey 's 1921 film La Trasmisión del Mando Presidencial ( The Transmission of Presidential Control ) , it is considered the country 's first modern animated film . The movie is based on the Chilean comics character Mampato created in 1971 for the magazine of the same name by Themo Lobos and Eduardo Armstrong , and later reprinted as the comic-book Cucalón , the story for the film being adapted from the seventh adventure in the series : Mata-ki-te-rangui ." } ] }, { "value": "Ogú y Mampato en Rapa Nui", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alejandro Rojas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alejandro_Rojas", "summary": "Alejandro Rojas ( born 6 January 1962 ) is a Chilean rower . He competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics and the 1988 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003 : ( 76th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2003_in_film", "summary": "The year 2003 in film involved some significant events ." }, { "url": "/wiki/76th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 76th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2003 and took place on February 29 , 2004 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Joe Roth and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Billy Crystal hosted for the eighth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 72nd ceremony held in 2000 . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel & Spa in Pasadena , California held on February 14 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jennifer Garner . The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King won all eleven awards it was nominated for , tying the Academy Awards record for most awards won ( alongside Ben-Hur and Titanic ) , including Best Director for Peter Jackson and Best Picture . Other winners included Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World and Mystic River with two awards and The Barbarian Invasions , Chernobyl Heart , Cold Mountain , Finding Nemo , The Fog of War , Harvie Krumpet , Lost in Translation , Monster and Two Soldiers with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in North America the United States , making it the most-watched telecast in four years ." } ] }, { "value": "Los Debutantes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Debutantes", "summary": "Los Debutantes ( English : The Debutantes ) is a 2003 Chilean film directed by Andres Waissbluth and starring Antonella Rios and Alejandro Trejo ." } ] }, { "value": "Los debutantes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrés Waissbluth", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2004 : ( 77th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004_in_film", "summary": "2004 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , a list of country-specific lists of films released , notable deaths and film debuts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/77th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 77th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on February 27 , 2005 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as the Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2004 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and was directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Ritz-Carlton Huntington Hotel & Spa in Pasadena , California held on February 12 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Scarlett Johansson . The Aviator won the most awards of the night with five . Million Dollar Baby won four awards , including Best Picture . Other winners included The Incredibles , and Ray with two awards , and Born into Brothels , Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind , Finding Neverland , Lemony Snicket 's A Series of Unfortunate Events , Mighty Times : The Children 's March , The Motorcycle Diaries , Ryan , The Sea Inside , Sideways , Spider-Man 2 and Wasp each with one . The telecast garnered over 42 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Machuca", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Machuca", "summary": "Machuca is a 2004 Chilean film written and directed by Andrés Wood . Set in 1973 Santiago during Salvador Allende 's socialist government until shortly after General Augusto Pinochet 's military coup in 1973 , the film tells the story of two pupils : Gonzalo Infante comes from a rich family with a European background , while Pedro Machuca comes from an indigenous background and lives in very poor conditions . They meet at an elite , English-language Catholic school , where the director , Father McEnroe , is developing a social integration project . The film is dedicated to Father Gerardo Whelan , C.S.C . who from 1969 to 1973 was the director of Colegio Saint George ( Saint George 's College ) , the private school in Santiago that the film 's director attended as a boy . The movie was filmed in July 2003 and produced on a moderate budget of 1,700,000 USD , which came from an international cooperation between Chile and Spain . Machuca performed well in theaters in Chile , but did not have notable box office success outside of Latin America ." } ] }, { "value": "Machuca", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrés Wood", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrés_Wood", "summary": "Andres Wood ( born 1965 ) is a Chilean film director , producer and writer . Some of his most popular films include Machuca , Violeta se fue a los cielos , and Historias de Futbol . He created his own production company known as Wood Producciones in 1993 ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005 : ( 78th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2005_in_film", "summary": "2005 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , a list of country-specific lists of films released , notable deaths and film debuts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/78th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 78th Academy Awards presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , took place on March 5 , 2006 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:00 p.m. PST / 8:00 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled one week later than usual to avoid a clash with the 2006 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories honoring films released in 2005 . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at The Beverly Hilton in Beverly Hills , California held on February 18 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Rachel McAdams . Crash won three awards including Academy Award for Best Picture . Other winners included Brokeback Mountain , King Kong and Memoirs of a Geisha also with three awards apiece , and Capote , The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , The Constant Gardener , Hustle & Flow , March of the Penguins , The Moon and the Son : An Imagined Conversation , A Note of Triumph : The Golden Age of Norman Corwin , Six Shooter , Syriana , Tsotsi , Walk the Line and Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit with one each . The telecast garnered nearly 39 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Play", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Play_(2005_film)", "summary": "Play is a 2005 Chilean film directed by Alicia Scherson . It was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Oscar at the 78th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist ." } ] }, { "value": "Play", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alicia Scherson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alicia_Scherson", "summary": "Alicia Scherson ( born Santiago , Chile , 1974 ) is a Chilean film director , screenwriter , and producer ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2006 : ( 79th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2006_in_film", "summary": "The following is an overview of events in 2006 , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths ." }, { "url": "/wiki/79th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 79th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2006 and took place February 25 , 2007 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by Laura Ziskin and directed by Louis J. Horvitz . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 10 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Maggie Gyllenhaal . The Departed won four awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Martin Scorsese . Other winners included Pan 's Labyrinth with three , An Inconvenient Truth , Dreamgirls and Little Miss Sunshine with two , and Babel , The Blood of Yingzhou District , The Danish Poet , Happy Feet , The Last King of Scotland , Letters from Iwo Jima , The Lives of Others , Marie Antoinette , Pirates of the Caribbean : Dead Man 's Chest , The Queen and West Bank Story with one . The telecast garnered nearly 40 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "In Bed", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/En_la_cama", "summary": "In Bed ( Spanish : En la Cama ) is a 2005 Chilean film directed by Matías Bize and starring Blanca Lewin and Gonzalo Valenzuela . It was Chile 's submission to the 79th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not accepted as a nominee . Nevertheless , the film garnered ten awards at various film festivals ." } ] }, { "value": "En la cama", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matías Bize", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matías_Bize", "summary": "Matías Bize ( born Santiago , Chile , 9 August 1979 ) is a Chilean film director , producer and screenwriter . He has won important independent film awards including the Espigo de Oro for In Bed at the 2005 Valladolid International Film Festival in Spain , and a Goya Award in 2011 for The Life of Fish ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2007 : ( 80th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2007_in_film", "summary": "The following is an overview of events in 2007 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies and festivals , a list of films released and notable deaths . The highest-grossing film of the year was Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End , which was just ahead of Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix . 2007 is often considered one of the greatest years for film in the 21st century . As of 2019 , this was the last year in which no film grossed at least $ 1 billion at the worldwide box office ." }, { "url": "/wiki/80th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 80th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2007 and took place on February 24 , 2008 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Gil Cates and directed by Louis J , Horvitz . Actor Jon Stewart hosted the show for the second time , having previously presided over the 78th ceremony held in 2006 . Two weeks earlier in a gala at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 9 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Alba . No Country for Old Men won the most awards of the ceremony with four including Best Picture . Other winners included The Bourne Ultimatum with three awards , La Vie en Rose ( La môme ) and There Will Be Blood with two awards , and Atonement , The Counterfeiters , Elizabeth : The Golden Age , Freeheld , The Golden Compass , Juno , Michael Clayton , The Mozart of Pickpockets , Once , Peter & the Wolf , Ratatouille , Sweeney Todd : The Demon Barber of Fleet Street , and Taxi to the Dark Side with one . The telecast garnered 31 million viewers , making it the least watched Oscar broadcast since 1974 , when Nielsen began keeping records of viewership ." } ] }, { "value": "Padre Nuestro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Padre_nuestro_(2005_film)", "summary": "Padre nuestro is a 2005 Chilean film directed by Rodrigo Sepúlveda . It was Chile 's submission to the 80th Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but was not selected as a nominee . The film had its release in October 2005 , at the Viña del Mar Film Festival . Its theatrically release came a year later , in October 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "Padre Nuestro", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rodrigo Sepúlveda", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008 : ( 81st )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_in_film", "summary": "The year 2008 involved many major movie events . Its highest-grossing films included The Dark Knight , Kung Fu Panda , WALL-E and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull ." }, { "url": "/wiki/81st_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 81st Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2008 and took place on February 22 , 2009 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Condon and Laurence Mark and directed by Roger Goodman . Actor Hugh Jackman hosted the show for the first time . Two weeks earlier in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California held on February 7 , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Jessica Biel . Slumdog Millionaire won eight awards , the most of the evening , including Best Picture and Best Director for Danny Boyle . Other winners were The Curious Case of Benjamin Button with three awards , The Dark Knight and Milk with two awards , and Departures , The Duchess , La Maison en Petits Cubes , Man on Wire , The Reader , Smile Pinki , Toyland , Vicky Cristina Barcelona , and WALL-E with one . The telecast garnered almost 37 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Tony Manero", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tony_Manero_(2008_Film)", "summary": "Tony Manero is a 2008 Chilean film directed by Pablo Larraín about a 52-year-old man in Santiago in 1978 who is obsessed with John Travolta 's character in Saturday Night Fever . It won the top prize at the 2008 Torino Film Festival and was Chile 's submission to the 81st Academy Awards for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film . In 2009 it won the Golden Tulip at the Istanbul International Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Tony Manero", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pablo Larraín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pablo_Larraín", "summary": "Pablo Larraín Matte ( Spanish pronunciation : [ laraˈin ] ; born 19 August 1976 ) is a Chilean filmmaker . He has directed seven feature films and co-directed one television series , including the Academy Award-nominated films No ( 2012 ) and Jackie ( 2016 ) . In 2017 , Larraín and his brother Juan de Dios were the producers of Sebastián Lelio 's A Fantastic Woman , which won the first Chilean Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2009 : ( 82nd )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2009_in_film", "summary": "The year 2009 saw the release of many films . Seven made the top 50 list of highest-grossing films . Also in 2009 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that as of that year , their Best Picture category would consist of ten nominees , rather than five ( the first time since the 1943 awards ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/82nd_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 82nd Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2009 and took place on March 7 , 2010 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2010 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and was produced by Bill Mechanic and Adam Shankman and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actors Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin hosted the show . Martin hosted for the third time ; he first presided over the 73rd ceremony held in 2001 and last hosted the 75th ceremony held in 2003 . Meanwhile , this was Baldwin 's first Oscars hosting stint . This was also the first telecast to have multiple hosts since the 59th ceremony held in 1987 . On June 24 , 2009 , Academy president Sid Ganis announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2010 ceremony would feature ten Best Picture nominees instead of five , a practice that was discontinued after the 16th ceremony in 1944 . On February 20 , 2010 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Elizabeth Banks . The Hurt Locker won six awards , including Best Picture and Best Director for Kathryn Bigelow , the first woman to win an Academy Award for Best Director . Other winners were Avatar with three awards , Crazy Heart , Precious : Based on the Novel 'Push ' by Sapphire , and Up , with two awards , and The Cove , Inglourious Basterds , The Blind Side , Logorama , Music by Prudence , The New Tenants , The Secret in Their Eyes , Star Trek , and The Young Victoria with one ." } ] }, { "value": "Dawson , Island 10", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dawson,_Island_10", "summary": "Dawson Isla 10 is a 2009 Chilean drama film , written and directed by Miguel Littín , a Chilean film director . The screenplay is based on Isla 10 , a book by Sergio Bitar about his experiences as a political prisoner ; Isla 10 was the substitute name their guards imposed him during his imprisonment ." } ] }, { "value": "Dawson , Isla 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miguel Littín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miguel_Littín", "summary": "Miguel Ernesto Littin Cucumides ( born 9 August 1942 ) is a Chilean film director , screenwriter , film producer and novelist . He was born to a Palestinian father , Hernán Littin and a Greek mother , Cristina Cucumides ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2010 : ( 83rd )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2010_in_film", "summary": "In the year 2010 , there was a dramatic increase and prominence in the use of 3D-technology in filmmaking after the success of Avatar in the format , with releases such as Alice in Wonderland , Clash of the Titans , Jackass 3D , all animated films , with numerous other titles being released in 3D formats . 20th Century Fox celebrated its 75th anniversary in 2010 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/83rd_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 83rd Academy Awards ceremony , organized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2010 in the United States and took place on February 27 , 2011 , at the Kodak Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST ( 8:30 p.m. EST ) . During the ceremony , Academy Awards ( commonly called the Oscars ) were presented in 24 competitive categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Bruce Cohen and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actors James Franco and Anne Hathaway co-hosted the ceremony , marking the first time for each . In related events , the Academy held its second annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 13 , 2010 . On February 12 , 2011 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Marisa Tomei . Inception and The King 's Speech won four awards each with the latter film winning Best Picture . Other winners included The Social Network with three awards , Alice in Wonderland , The Fighter , and Toy Story 3 , with two awards , and Black Swan , God of Love , In a Better World , Inside Job , The Lost Thing , Strangers No More , and The Wolfman with one . The telecast garnered almost 38 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "The Life of Fish", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Life_of_Fish", "summary": "The Life of Fish ( Spanish : La vida de los peces ) is a 2010 Chilean drama film directed by Matías Bize . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 83rd Academy Awards , but did n't make the final shortlist . The Life of Fish won the award for Best Spanish Language Foreign Film at the 25th Goya Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "La vida de los peces", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matías Bize", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matías_Bize", "summary": "Matías Bize ( born Santiago , Chile , 9 August 1979 ) is a Chilean film director , producer and screenwriter . He has won important independent film awards including the Espigo de Oro for In Bed at the 2005 Valladolid International Film Festival in Spain , and a Goya Award in 2011 for The Life of Fish ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2011 : ( 84th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2011_in_film", "summary": "The following is an overview of the events of 2011 in film , including the highest-grossing films , film festivals , award ceremonies and a list of films released and notable deaths . More film sequels were released in 2011 than any other year before it , with 28 sequels released . Film critic Scout Tafoya considers 2011 as the best year for cinema , countering the notion of 1939 being film 's best year overall and citing important developments in cinematic expression during 2011 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/84th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 84th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2011 in the United States and took place on February 26 , 2012 , at the Hollywood and Highland Center Theatre [ a ] in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Brian Grazer and Don Mischer , with Mischer also serving as director . Actor Billy Crystal hosted the show for the ninth time . He first presided over the 62nd ceremony held in 1990 and had last hosted the 76th ceremony held in 2004 . On June 14 , 2011 , Academy president Tom Sherak announced at a press conference that , in an attempt to further revitalize interest surrounding the awards , the 2012 ceremony would feature between five and ten Best Picture nominees depending on voting results , as opposed to a set number of nominees . In related events , the Academy held its third annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 12 , 2011 . On February 11 , 2012 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by host Milla Jovovich . The Artist won five awards , including Best Actor for Jean Dujardin , Best Director for Michel Hazanavicius , and Best Picture , the first silent feature to win an Academy Award for Best Picture since 1927 's Wings , the inaugural winner in 1929 . Other winners included Hugo also with five awards , The Iron Lady with two awards , and Beginners , The Descendants , The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo , The Help , Midnight in Paris , The Muppets , Rango , Saving Face , A Separation , The Shore , and Undefeated with one . The telecast garnered more than 39 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Violeta Went to Heaven", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Violeta_Went_to_Heaven", "summary": "Violeta Went to Heaven ( Spanish : Violeta se fue a los cielos ) is a 2011 Chilean biopic about singer and folklorist Violeta Parra , directed by Andrés Wood . The film is based on a biography by Ángel Parra , Violeta 's son with Luis Cereceda Arenas . He collaborated on the film . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but it did not make the final shortlist . It was awarded the World Cinema Jury Prize ( Dramatic ) at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival ." } ] }, { "value": "Violeta se fue a los cielos", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrés Wood", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrés_Wood", "summary": "Andres Wood ( born 1965 ) is a Chilean film director , producer and writer . Some of his most popular films include Machuca , Violeta se fue a los cielos , and Historias de Futbol . He created his own production company known as Wood Producciones in 1993 ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2012 : ( 85th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2012_in_film", "summary": "The following tables list films released in 2012 . Most notably , the two oldest surviving American film studios , Universal and Paramount both celebrated their centennial anniversaries , marking the first time that two major film studios celebrate 100 years , and the Dolby Atmos sound format was launched for the premiere of Brave . The James Bond film series celebrated its 50th anniversary and released its 23rd film , Skyfall . Six box-office blockbusters from previous years ( Beauty and the Beast , Star Wars : Episode I - The Phantom Menace , Titanic , Raiders of the Lost Ark , Finding Nemo , and Monsters , Inc. ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX . Also 2012 in film marked the debut for high frame rate technology . The first film using 48 fps , a higher frame rate than the film industry standard 24 fps , was The Hobbit : An Unexpected Journey ." }, { "url": "/wiki/85th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 85th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2012 and took place on February 24 , 2013 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was the first in the Academy 's 85-year history to adopt the phrase The Oscars as the ceremony 's official name during the broadcast and marketing . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron and directed by Don Mischer . Actor Seth MacFarlane hosted the show for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 4th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on December 1 , 2012 . On February 9 , 2013 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Chris Pine and Zoe Saldana . Life of Pi won four awards including Best Director for Ang Lee . Argo won three awards , including Best Picture , the fourth film to win an Academy Award for Best Picture without its director nominated . Other winners included Les Misérables also with three awards , Django Unchained , Lincoln , and Skyfall with two , and Amour , Anna Karenina , Brave , Curfew , Inocente , Paperman , Searching for Sugar Man , Silver Linings Playbook and Zero Dark Thirty with one . The telecast garnered more than 40 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "No", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/No_(2012_film)", "summary": "No is a 2012 internationally co-produced historical drama film directed by Pablo Larraín . The film is based on the unpublished play El Plebiscito , written by Antonio Skármeta . Mexican actor Gael García Bernal plays René , an in-demand advertising man working in Chile in the late 1980s . The film captures the advertising tactics in the political campaigns for the 1988 plebiscite , when the Chilean citizenry decided whether or not dictator Augusto Pinochet should stay in power for another eight years . At the 85th Academy Awards the film was nominated for the Best Foreign Language Film Oscar ." } ] }, { "value": "No", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pablo Larraín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pablo_Larraín", "summary": "Pablo Larraín Matte ( Spanish pronunciation : [ laraˈin ] ; born 19 August 1976 ) is a Chilean filmmaker . He has directed seven feature films and co-directed one television series , including the Academy Award-nominated films No ( 2012 ) and Jackie ( 2016 ) . In 2017 , Larraín and his brother Juan de Dios were the producers of Sebastián Lelio 's A Fantastic Woman , which won the first Chilean Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ." } ] }, { "value": "Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2013 : ( 86th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2013_in_film", "summary": "The following tables list films released in 2013 . Three popular films ( Top Gun , Jurassic Park , and The Wizard of Oz ) were re-released in 3D and IMAX ." }, { "url": "/wiki/86th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 86th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2013 and took place on March 2 , 2014 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . The ceremony was scheduled well after its usual late-February date to avoid conflicting with the 2014 Winter Olympics . During the ceremony , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , and produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actress Ellen DeGeneres hosted the show for the second time , having previously hosted the 79th ceremony held in 2007 . In related events , the Academy held its 5th annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 16 , 2013 . On February 15 , 2014 , in a ceremony at The Beverly Hills Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Kristen Bell and Michael B. Jordan . 12 Years a Slave won three awards including Best Picture . Gravity won the most awards with seven including Best Director for Alfonso Cuarón . Other winners included Dallas Buyers Club also with three awards , Frozen , and The Great Gatsby with two , and Blue Jasmine , The Great Beauty , Helium , Her , The Lady in Number 6 , Mr Hublot , and 20 Feet from Stardom with one . The telecast garnered nearly 44 million viewers in the United States , making it the most watched Oscar ceremony since the 72nd Academy Awards in 2000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gloria", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gloria_(2013_film)", "summary": "Gloria is a 2013 Chilean-Spanish drama film directed by Sebastián Lelio . The film premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival , where Paulina García won the Silver Bear for Best Actress . It was shown at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It won Best Ibero-American Film at the 1st Platino Awards . Sebastián Lelio remade Gloria in 2018 as Gloria Bell , starring Julianne Moore and John Turturro ." } ] }, { "value": "Gloria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sebastián Lelio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sebastián_Lelio", "summary": "Sebastián Lelio Watt ( born 8 March 1974 ) is an Argentinian-born Chilean director , screenwriter , editor and producer . He received critical acclaim for directing the films Gloria ( 2013 ) and A Fantastic Woman ( 2017 ) , the latter of which won an Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2014 : ( 87th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2014_in_film", "summary": "The following is an overview of the events of 2014 in film , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and notable deaths ." }, { "url": "/wiki/87th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 87th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2014 and took place on February 22 , 2015 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles beginning at 5:30 p.m. PST / 8:30 p.m. EST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony was televised in the United States by ABC , produced by Neil Meron and Craig Zadan and directed by Hamish Hamilton . Actor Neil Patrick Harris hosted the ceremony for the first time . In related events , the Academy held its 6th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 8 , 2014 . On February 7 , 2015 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Margot Robbie and Miles Teller . Birdman or ( The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance ) and The Grand Budapest Hotel each won four awards , with the former film earning the Best Picture honor . Other winners include Whiplash with three and American Sniper , Big Hero 6 , Boyhood , Citizenfour , Crisis Hotline : Veterans Press 1 , Feast , Ida , The Imitation Game , Interstellar , The Phone Call , Selma , Still Alice , and The Theory of Everything with one . The telecast garnered more than 37 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "To Kill a Man", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/To_Kill_a_Man", "summary": "To Kill a Man is a 2014 Chilean-French drama film written and directed by Alejandro Fernández Almendras . The film premiered in-competition in the World Cinema Dramatic Competition at 2014 Sundance Film Festival on January 17 , 2014 . It won the Grand Jury Prize at the festival . On January 29 , it premiered at 2014 International Film Festival Rotterdam and won the KNF Award . The film later screened at the 2014 Miami International Film Festival in The Knight Competition on March 10 , 2014 . It won the Critics Award at the festival . It also premiered in competition at 2014 Fribourg International Film Festival on March 30 , 2014 and won the Special Jury Prize . After its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival , Film Movement acquired the distribution rights of the film . The movie was theatrically released in the United States and Canada in fall 2014 , followed with a VOD and DVD release . The film was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 87th Academy Awards , but was not nominated ." } ] }, { "value": "Matar a un hombre", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alejandro Fernández Almendras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alejandro_Fernández_Almendras", "summary": "Alejandro Fernández Almendras ( born 1971 ) is an award-winning filmmaker from southern Chile who is best known for slow-moving naturalistic dramas ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2015 : ( 88th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2015_in_film", "summary": "2015 in film is an overview of events , including the highest-grossing films , award ceremonies , festivals , and a list of films released and notable deaths ." }, { "url": "/wiki/88th_Academy_Awards", "summary": "The 88th Academy Awards ceremony , presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS ) , honored the best films of 2015 and took place on February 28 , 2016 , at the Dolby Theatre in Hollywood , Los Angeles , 5:30 p.m. PST . During the ceremony , AMPAS presented Academy Awards ( commonly referred to as Oscars ) in 24 categories . The ceremony , televised in the United States by ABC , was produced by David Hill and Reginald Hudlin and directed by Glenn Weiss . Actor Chris Rock hosted the show for the second time , having previously hosted the 77th ceremony held in 2005 . In related events , the Academy held its 7th Annual Governors Awards ceremony at the Grand Ballroom of the Hollywood and Highland Center on November 14 , 2015 . On February 13 , 2016 , in a ceremony at the Beverly Wilshire Hotel in Beverly Hills , California , the Academy Awards for Technical Achievement were presented by hosts Olivia Munn and Jason Segel . Spotlight won two awards including Best Picture , making it the first film since The Greatest Show On Earth to win Best Picture while only winning one other award and Mad Max : Fury Road won six awards , the most for the evening . The Revenant earned three awards including Best Director for Alejandro G. Iñárritu and Best Actor for Leonardo DiCaprio . Brie Larson won Best Actress for Room , while Mark Rylance and Alicia Vikander won supporting acting honors for Bridge of Spies and The Danish Girl , respectively . The telecast garnered 34.42 million viewers in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "The Club", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Club_(2015_film)", "summary": "The Club ( Spanish : El Club ) is a 2015 Chilean drama film directed , co-produced and co-written by Pablo Larraín . It was screened in the main competition of the 65th Berlin International Film Festival where it won the Jury Grand Prix . It was selected as the Chilean entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 88th Academy Awards but it was not nominated ." } ] }, { "value": "El Club", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pablo Larraín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pablo_Larraín", "summary": "Pablo Larraín Matte ( Spanish pronunciation : [ laraˈin ] ; born 19 August 1976 ) is a Chilean filmmaker . He has directed seven feature films and co-directed one television series , including the Academy Award-nominated films No ( 2012 ) and Jackie ( 2016 ) . In 2017 , Larraín and his brother Juan de Dios were the producers of Sebastián Lelio 's A Fantastic Woman , which won the first Chilean Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film ." } ] }, { "value": "Not Nominated", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Submissions", "section_text": "The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has invited the film industries of various countries to submit their best film for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film since 1956 . The Foreign Language Film Award Committee oversees the process and reviews all the submitted films . Following this , they vote via secret ballot to determine the five nominees for the award . [ 3 ] Below is a list of the films that have been submitted by Chile for review by the Academy for the award by year and the respective Academy Awards ceremony . The Chilean submission is selected annually by the Consejo del Arte y la Industria Audiovisual , [ 5 ] which chooses a nominee for the Spanish Goya Awards at the same time . The Goya nominee is usually the same film as the Oscar nominee ( 1991 , 1993 , 2001 , 2003 , 2004 , 2006 , 2007 , 2009 ) but not always ( 1990 , 2005 , 2008 , 2012 ) . All films were made in Spanish [ 6 ]", "uid": "List_of_Chilean_submissions_for_the_Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film_0", "intro": "Chile has submitted films for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film[nb 1] since 1990. The award is handed out annually by the United States Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences to a feature-length motion picture produced outside the United States that contains primarily non-English dialogue. Chile has submitted twenty-four films for Oscar consideration, with their first film being nominated for an Academy Award in 2013. Chile won its first Foreign Language Oscar in 2018, with A Fantastic Woman." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large_igneous_province", "title": "Large igneous province", "header": [ "Province", "Region", "Hotspot" ], "data": [ { "value": "Columbia River Basalt", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Columbia_River_Basalt_Group", "summary": "The Columbia River Basalt Group is the youngest , smallest and one of the best-preserved continental flood basalt province on Earth , covering over 210,000 km2 ( 81,000 sq mi ) mainly eastern Oregon and Washington , western Idaho , and part of northern Nevada . The basalt group includes the Steen and Picture Gorge basalt formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Northwestern USA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yellowstone hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yellowstone_hotspot", "summary": "The Yellowstone hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the United States responsible for large scale volcanism in Idaho , Montana , Nevada , Oregon , and Wyoming as the North American tectonic plate moved over it . It formed the eastern Snake River Plain through a succession of caldera-forming eruptions . The resulting calderas include the Island Park Caldera , the Henry 's Fork Caldera , and the Bruneau-Jarbidge caldera . The hotspot currently lies under the Yellowstone Caldera . The hotspot 's most recent caldera-forming supereruption , known as the Lava Creek eruption , took place 640,000 years ago and created the Lava Creek Tuff , and the most recent Yellowstone Caldera . The Yellowstone hotspot is one of a few volcanic hotspots underlying the North American tectonic plate ; others include the Anahim and Raton hotspots ." } ] }, { "value": "Ethiopia-Yemen Flood Basalts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ethiopia-Yemen_Continental_Flood_Basalts", "summary": "The Ethiopia-Yemen Continental Flood Basalts were erupted during the Oligocene . They cover an area of about 600,000 km2 in Yemen and Ethiopia , with an estimated volume of greater than 350,000 km3 . They are associated with the Afar Plume and the initiation of rifting in the southern Red Sea and Gulf of Aden . In Ethiopia flood basalts cover an old erosion surface with occasional flat areas or peneplains . Burial of old surfaces by lava has preserved laterite soils in both Yemen and Ethiopia ." } ] }, { "value": "Ethiopia , Yemen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ethiopia", "summary": "Ethiopia ( /ˌiːθiˈoʊpiə/ ; Amharic : ኢትዮጵያ , ʾĪtyōṗṗyā , listen ( help·info ) , Tigrinya : ኢትዮጵያ , Oromo : Itiyoophiyaa , Somali : Itoobiya , Afar : Itiyoophiyaa ) , officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia , is a landlocked country in the Horn of Africa . It shares borders with Eritrea to the north , Djibouti to the northeast , Somalia , and the de facto state of Somaliland to the east , Kenya to the south , South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest . With over 109 million inhabitants , Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres ( 420,000 sq mi ) . Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa , which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates . Some of the oldest skeletal evidence for anatomically modern humans has been found in Ethiopia . It is widely considered as the region from which modern humans first set out for the Middle East and places beyond . According to linguists , the first Afroasiatic-speaking populations settled in the Horn region during the ensuing Neolithic era . Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BCE , Ethiopia 's governmental system was a monarchy for most of its history . Oral literature tells that the monarchy was founded by the Solomonic dynasty of the Queen of Sheba , under its first king , Menelik I . In the first centuries , the Kingdom of Aksum maintained a unified civilization in the region , followed by the Ethiopian Empire circa 1137 . During the late 19th-century Scramble for Africa , Ethiopia and Liberia were two nations that preserved their sovereignty from long-term colonisation by a European colonial power and many newly-independent nations on the continent subsequently adopted its flag colours . However , the country was later occupied by Italy in 1936 and became Italian Ethiopia ( part of Italian East Africa ) until it was liberated during World War II ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yemen", "summary": "Yemen ( /ˈjɛmən/ ( listen ) ; Arabic : اَلْيَمَنُ , romanized : al-Yaman ) , sometimes spelled Yaman , officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic : اَلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْيَمَنِيَّةُ , romanized : al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah , literally Yemeni Republic ) , is a country at the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia . It is the second-largest Arab sovereign state in the peninsula , occupying 527,970 square kilometres ( 203,850 square miles ) . The coastline stretches for about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 miles ) . It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north , the Red Sea to the west , the Gulf of Aden and Guardafui Channel to the south , and Oman and the Arabian Sea to the east . Yemen 's territory encompasses more than 200 islands , including Socotra , one of the largest islands in the Middle East . Yemen is a member of the Arab League , United Nations , Non-Aligned Movement and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . The state is characterized as a failed state with high necessity of transformation . Yemen 's constitutionally stated capital is the city of Sana ' a , but the city has been under Houthi rebel control since February 2015 . Yemen is a developing country and in 2019 the United Nations reported that Yemen is the country with the most people in need of humanitarian aid with 24.1 million people in need . In ancient times , Yemen was the home of the Sabaeans , a trading state that flourished for over a thousand years and included parts of modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea . In 275 CE , the region came under the rule of the later Jewish-influenced Himyarite Kingdom . Christianity arrived in the fourth century ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "North Atlantic Igneous Province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/North_Atlantic_Igneous_Province", "summary": "The North Atlantic Igneous Province ( NAIP ) is a large igneous province in the North Atlantic , centered on Iceland . In the Paleogene , the province formed the Thulean Plateau , a large basaltic lava plain , which extended over at least 1.3 million km2 ( 500 thousand sq mi ) in area and 6.6 million km3 ( 1.6 million cu mi ) in volume . The plateau was broken up during the opening of the North Atlantic Ocean leaving remnants existing in Northern Ireland , bits of western Scotland , the Faroe Islands , bits of northwestern Iceland , eastern Greenland and western Norway and many of the islands located in the north eastern portion of the North Atlantic Ocean . The igneous province is the origin of the Giant 's Causeway and Fingal 's Cave . The province is also known as Brito-Arctic province ( also known as the North Atlantic Tertiary Volcanic Province ) and the portion of the province in the British Isles is also called the British Tertiary Volcanic Province or British Tertiary Igneous Province ." } ] }, { "value": "Northern Canada , Greenland , the Faeroe Islands , Norway , Ireland and Scotland", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greenland", "summary": "Greenland ( Greenlandic : Kalaallit Nunaat , pronounced [ kalaːɬit nunaːt ] ; Danish : Grønland , pronounced [ ˈkʁɶnˌlænˀ ] ) is the world 's largest island , [ d ] located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans , east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago . It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark . Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America , Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe ( specifically Norway and Denmark , the colonial powers , as well as the nearby island of Iceland ) for more than a millennium . The majority of its residents are Inuit , whose ancestors migrated from Alaska through Northern Canada , gradually settling across the island by the 13th century . Nowadays , the population is largely concentrated on the southwest coast , while the rest of the island is sparsely populated . Greenland is divided into five municipalities - Sermersooq , Kujalleq , Qeqertalik , Qeqqata , and Avannaata . It has two unincorporated areas - the Northeast Greenland National Park and the Thule Air Base . The last one , even if under Danish control , is administered by the United States Air Force . Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside Antarctica . With a population of about 56,480 ( 2013 ) , it is the least densely populated territory in the world . About a third of the population lives in Nuuk , the capital and largest city . The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland , connecting the various cities and settlements ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Faeroe_Islands", "summary": "The Faroe Islands ( /ˈfɛəroʊ/ ; Faroese : Føroyar , pronounced [ ˈfœɹjaɹ ] ; Danish : Færøerne , pronounced [ ˈfæɐ̯ˌøˀɐnə ] ) , or the Faeroe Islands , is a North Atlantic archipelago located 320 kilometres ( 200 mi ) north-northwest of Scotland , and about halfway between Norway and Iceland . It is an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark . The islands have a total area of about 1,400 square kilometres ( 540 sq mi ) with a population of 51,783 as of June 2019 [ update ] . The terrain is rugged ; the climate is subpolar oceanic climate ( Cfc ) - windy , wet , cloudy , and cool . Temperatures average above freezing throughout the year because of the Gulf Stream . As a result of the moderation and the northerly latitude , summers normally hover around 12 °C ( 54 °F ) . Average temperatures are 5 °C ( 41 °F ) in winter . The northerly latitude location also results in perpetual civil twilight during summer nights and very short winter days . Between 1035 and 1814 the Faroes were part of the Kingdom of Norway , which was in a personal union with Denmark from 1450 . In 1814 the Treaty of Kiel transferred Norway to the king of Sweden , on the winning side of the Napoleonic wars , whereas the king of Denmark , on the losing side , retained the Faroes , along with the two other historical Norwegian island possessions in the North Atlantic : Greenland and Iceland . The Faroe Islands have been a self-governing part of the Kingdom of Denmark since 1948 . The Faroese control most of their domestic affairs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Norway", "summary": "Norway ( Norwegian : Norge ( Bokmål ) or Noreg ( Nynorsk ) ; Northern Sami : Norga ; Lule Sami : Vuodna ; Southern Sami : Nöörje ) , officially the Kingdom of Norway , is a Nordic country in Northwestern Europe whose territory comprises the western and northernmost portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula ; the remote island of Jan Mayen and the archipelago of Svalbard are also part of the Kingdom of Norway . [ note 2 ] The sub-Antarctic Bouvet Island is a dependent territory and thus not considered part of the kingdom . Norway also lays claim to the Antarctic territories of Queen Maud Land and Peter I Island . Norway has a total area of 385,207 square kilometres ( 148,729 sq mi ) and a population of 5,312,300 ( as of August 2018 ) . The country shares a long eastern border with Sweden ( 1,619 km or 1,006 mi long ) . Norway is bordered by Finland and Russia to the north-east , and the Skagerrak strait to the south , with Denmark on the other side . Norway has an extensive coastline , facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea . The maritime influence also dominates Norway 's climate with mild lowland temperatures on the sea coasts , whereas the interior , while colder , is also a lot milder than areas elsewhere in the world on such northerly latitudes . Even during polar night in the north , temperatures above freezing are commonplace on the coastline . The maritime influence brings high rainfall and snowfall to some areas of the country . Harald V of the House of Glücksburg is the current King of Norway . Erna Solberg has been prime minister since 2013 when she replaced Jens Stoltenberg ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Scotland", "summary": "Scotland ( Scots : Scotland , Scottish Gaelic : Alba [ ˈal̪ˠapə ] ( listen ) ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom . It covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain , with a border with England to the southeast , and is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west , the North Sea to the northeast , the Irish Sea to the south , and more than 790 islands , including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides . The Kingdom of Scotland emerged as an independent sovereign state in the European Early Middle Ages and continued to exist until 1707 . By inheritance in 1603 , James VI , King of Scots , became king of England and Ireland , thus forming a personal union of the three kingdoms . Scotland subsequently entered into a political union with England on 1 May 1707 to create the new Kingdom of Great Britain . The union also created a new Parliament of Great Britain , which succeeded both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England . In 1801 , Great Britain entered into a political union with Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ( in 1922 , the Irish Free State seceded from the United Kingdom , leading to the latter being renamed the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in 1927 ) . Within Scotland , the monarchy of the United Kingdom has continued to use a variety of styles , titles and other royal symbols of statehood specific to the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland . The legal system within Scotland has also remained separate from those of England and Wales and Northern Ireland ; Scotland constitutes a distinct jurisdiction in both public and private law . The continued existence of legal , educational , religious and other institutions distinct from those in the remainder of the UK have all contributed to the continuation of Scottish culture and national identity since the 1707 union with England . In 1997 , a Scottish Parliament was re-established , in the form of a devolved unicameral legislature comprising 129 members , having authority over many areas of domestic policy . The head of the Scottish Government is the first minister of Scotland , who is supported by the deputy first minister of Scotland ." } ] }, { "value": "Iceland hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iceland_hotspot", "summary": "The Iceland hotspot is a hotspot which is partly responsible for the high volcanic activity which has formed the Iceland Plateau and the island of Iceland . Iceland is one of the most active volcanic regions in the world , with eruptions occurring on average roughly every three years ( in the 20th century there were 39 volcanic eruptions on and around Iceland ) . [ citation needed ] About a third of the basaltic lavas erupted in recorded history have been produced by Icelandic eruptions . Notable eruptions have included that of Eldgjá , a fissure of Katla , in 934 ( the world 's largest basaltic eruption ever witnessed ) , Laki in 1783 ( the world 's second largest ) , and several eruptions beneath ice caps , which have generated devastating glacial bursts , most recently in 2010 after the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull . Iceland 's location astride the Mid-Atlantic Ridge , where the Eurasian and North American Plates are moving apart , is partly responsible for this intense volcanic activity , but an additional cause is necessary to explain why Iceland is a substantial island while the rest of the ridge mostly consists of seamounts , with peaks below sea level . As well as being a region of higher temperature than the surrounding mantle , it is believed to have a higher concentration of water . The presence of water in magma reduces the melting temperature , which may also play a role in enhancing Icelandic volcanism ." } ] }, { "value": "Deccan Traps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deccan_Traps", "summary": "The Deccan Traps are a large igneous province located on the Deccan Plateau of west-central India ( 17-24°N , 73-74°E ) . They are one of the largest volcanic features on Earth . They consist of multiple layers of solidified flood basalt that together are more than 2,000 m ( 6,600 ft ) thick , cover an area of c. 500,000 km2 ( 200,000 sq mi ) , and have a volume of c. 1,000,000 km3 ( 200,000 cu mi ) . Originally , the Deccan Traps may have covered c. 1,500,000 km2 ( 600,000 sq mi ) , with a correspondingly larger original volume ." } ] }, { "value": "India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." } ] }, { "value": "Réunion hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Réunion_hotspot", "summary": "The Réunion hotspot is a volcanic hotspot which currently lies under the island of Réunion in the Indian Ocean . The Chagos-Laccadive Ridge and the southern part of the Mascarene Plateau are volcanic traces of the Réunion hotspot . The hotspot is believed to have been active for over 65 million years . A huge eruption of this hotspot 65 million years ago is thought to have laid down the Deccan Traps , a vast bed of basalt lava that covers part of central India , and opened a rift which separated India from the Seychelles Plateau . The Deccan Traps eruption coincided roughly with the nearly antipodal Chicxulub impactor and the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction of the dinosaurs , and there is considerable speculation that the three events were related . As the Indian plate drifted north , the hotspot continued to punch through the plate , creating a string of volcanic islands and undersea plateaux . The Laccadive Islands , the Maldives , and the Chagos Archipelago are atolls resting on former volcanoes created 60-45 million years ago that subsequently submerged below sea level . About 45 million years ago the Central Indian Ridge crossed over the hotspot , and the hotspot passed under the African Plate . The hotspot appears to have been relatively quiet 45-10 million years ago , when activity resumed , creating the Mascarene Islands , which include Mauritius , Réunion , and Rodrigues . Mauritius and Rodrigues Ridge were created 8-10 million years ago , and Rodrigues and Réunion Islands in the last two million years . Piton de la Fournaise , a shield volcano on the southeastern corner of Réunion , is one of the most active volcanoes in the world , erupting last in February 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajmahal Traps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajmahal_Traps", "summary": "Rajmahal Traps is a volcanic igneous province in Eastern India , covering the parts of Jharkhand , West Bengal and Meghalaya . The Rajmahal Hills of Jharkhand is the type area of this province . Multiple layers of solidified lava made the 608-metre-thick ( 1,995 ft ) Rajmahal Traps which are dipping 2-5° towards the north-east . Individual layers vary in thickness from less than one metre ( 3 ft 3 in ) to more than 70 metres ( 230 ft ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Eastern India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/India", "summary": "India ( Hindi : Bhārat ) , officially the Republic of India ( Hindi : Bhārat Gaṇarājya ) , is a country in South Asia . It is the seventh-largest country by area , the second-most populous country , and the most populous democracy in the world . Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south , the Arabian Sea on the southwest , and the Bay of Bengal on the southeast , it shares land borders with Pakistan to the west ; [ e ] China , Nepal , and Bhutan to the north ; and Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east . In the Indian Ocean , India is in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives ; its Andaman and Nicobar Islands share a maritime border with Thailand and Indonesia . Modern humans arrived on the Indian subcontinent from Africa no later than 55,000 years ago . Their long occupation , initially in varying forms of isolation as hunter-gatherers , has made the region highly diverse , second only to Africa in human genetic diversity . Settled life emerged on the subcontinent in the western margins of the Indus river basin 9,000 years ago , evolving gradually into the Indus Valley Civilisation of the third millennium BCE . By 1200 BCE , an archaic form of Sanskrit , an Indo-European language , had diffused into India from the northwest , unfolding as the language of the Rigveda , and recording the dawning of Hinduism in India . The Dravidian languages of India were supplanted in the northern regions . By 400 BCE , stratification and exclusion by caste had emerged within Hinduism , and Buddhism and Jainism had arisen , proclaiming social orders unlinked to heredity . Early political consolidations gave rise to the loose-knit Maurya and Gupta Empires based in the Ganges Basin . Their collective era was suffused with wide-ranging creativity , but also marked by the declining status of women , and the incorporation of untouchability into an organised system of belief ." } ] }, { "value": "Ninety East Ridge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ninety_East_Ridge", "summary": "The Ninety East Ridge ( also rendered as Ninetyeast Ridge , 90E Ridge or 90°E Ridge ) is a mid-ocean ridge on the Indian Ocean floor named for its near-parallel strike along the 90th meridian at the center of the Eastern Hemisphere . It is approximately 5,000 kilometres ( 3,100 mi ) in length and can be traced topographically from the Bay of Bengal southward towards the Southeast Indian Ridge ( SEIR ) , though the feature continues to the north where it is hidden beneath the sediments of the Bengal Fan . The ridge extends between latitudes 33°S and 17°N and has an average width of 200 km . The ridge divides the Indian Ocean into the West and East Indian Ocean . The northeastern side is named the Wharton Basin and ceases at the western end of the Diamantina Fracture Zone which passes to the east and almost to the Australian continent . The ridge is primarily composed of Ocean Island Tholeiites ( OIT ) , a subset of basalt which increase in age from approximately 43.2 ± 0.5 Ma in the south to 81.8 ± 2.6 Ma in the north though a more recent analysis using modern Ar-Ar techniques is currently pending [ needs update ] publication . This age progression has led geologists to theorize that a hotspot in the mantle beneath the Indo-Australian Plate created the ridge as the plate has moved northward in the late Mesozoic and Cenozoic . This theory is supported by a detailed analysis of the chemistry of the Kerguelen Plateau and Rajmahal Traps , which together , geologists believe , represent the flood basalts erupted at the initiation of volcanism at the Kerguelen hotspot which was then sheared in two as the Indian subcontinent moved northward . However , the existence of so-called deep mantle hotspots is currently a topic of debate in the geologic community , with a few geochemists favoring an alternative hypothesis which postulates a much shallower origin for hotspot volcanism . The ridge has been surveyed several times in the past , including several times by the Deep Sea Drilling Program ( DSDP ) . In 2007 , the RV Roger Revelle collected bathymetric , magnetic and seismic data together with dredge samples from nine sites along the ridge as part of an Integrated Ocean Drilling Program ( IODP ) site survey intended to examine the hotspot hypothesis for the ridge . It had been assumed that the India and Australia are on a single tectonic plate for at least the last 32 million years ." } ] }, { "value": "Kerguelen Plateau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerguelen_Plateau", "summary": "The Kerguelen Plateau ( /ˈkɜːrɡələn/ , /kərˈɡeɪlən/ ) is an oceanic plateau and a large igneous province ( LIP ) located on the Antarctic Plate , in the southern Indian Ocean . It is also a microcontinent and submerged continent . It is about 3,000 km ( 1,900 mi ) to the southwest of Australia and is nearly three times the size of Japan . The plateau extends for more than 2,200 km ( 1,400 mi ) in a northwest-southeast direction and lies in deep water . The plateau was produced by the Kerguelen hotspot , starting with or following the breakup of Gondwana about 130 million years ago . A small portion of the plateau breaks sea level , forming the Kerguelen Islands ( a French territory ) plus the Heard and McDonald Islands ( an Australian territory ) . Intermittent volcanism continues on the Heard and McDonald Islands ." } ] }, { "value": "Indian Ocean", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kerguelen hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kerguelen_hotspot", "summary": "The Kerguelen hotspot is a volcanic hotspot at the Kerguelen Plateau in the Southern Indian Ocean . The Kerguelen hotspot has produced basaltic lava for about 130 million years and has also produced the Kerguelen Islands , Naturaliste Plateau , Heard Island , the McDonald Islands , and the Ninety East Ridge ." } ] }, { "value": "Ontong-Java Plateau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ontong-Java_Plateau", "summary": "The Ontong Java Plateau ( OJP ) is a huge oceanic plateau located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean , north of the Solomon Islands . The OJP was emplaced around 120 million years ago ( Ma ) with a much smaller volcanic event around 90 Ma . Two other southwestern Pacific plateaus , Manihiki and Hikurangi , now separated from the OJP by Cretaceous ocean basins , are of similar age and composition and probably formed as a single plateau and a contiguous large igneous province together with the OJP . When emplaced this Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi plateau covered 1% of Earth 's surface and represented a volume of 80 million km3 ( 19 million cu mi ) of basaltic magma . This Ontong Java event , first proposed in 1991 , represents the largest volcanic event of the past 200 million years , with a magma emplacement rate estimated at up to 22 km3 ( 5.3 cu mi ) per year over 3 million years , several times larger than the Deccan Traps . The smooth surface of the OJP is punctuated by seamounts such as the Ontong Java Atoll , the largest atoll in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Pacific Ocean", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Louisville hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Louisville_hotspot", "summary": "The Louisville hotspot is a volcanic hotspot responsible for the volcanic activity that has formed the Louisville Ridge in the southern Pacific Ocean ." } ] }, { "value": "Paraná and Etendeka traps", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paraná_and_Etendeka_traps", "summary": "The Paraná-Etendeka traps ( or Paraná and Etendeka Plateau ; or Paraná and Etendeka Province ) comprise a large igneous province that includes both the main Paraná traps ( in Paraná Basin , a South American geological basin ) as well as the smaller severed portions of the flood basalts at the Etendeka traps ( in northwest Namibia and southwest Angola ) . The original basalt flows occurred 128 to 138 million years ago . The province had a post-flow surface area of 1.5 x 106 km² ( 580,000 miles² ) and an original volume projected to be in excess of 2.3 x 106 km³ ." } ] }, { "value": "Brazil - Namibia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Namibia", "summary": "Namibia ( /nəˈmɪbiə/ ( listen ) , /næˈ-/ ) , officially the Republic of Namibia , is a country in Southern Africa . Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean ; it shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north , Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east . Although it does not border Zimbabwe , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates the two countries . Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 , following the Namibian War of Independence . Its capital and largest city is Windhoek , and it is a member state of the United Nations ( UN ) , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Commonwealth of Nations . Namibia , the driest country in Sub-Saharan Africa , was inhabited since early times by the San , Damara and Nama people . Around the 14th century , immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion . Since then , the Bantu groups , the largest being the Ovambo , have dominated the population of the country ; since the late 19th century , they have constituted a majority . In 1878 , the Cape of Good Hope , then a British colony , annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands ; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 . In 1884 the German Empire established rule over most of the territory , forming a colony known as German South West Africa . It developed farming and infrastructure . Between 1904 and 1908 it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people ." } ] }, { "value": "Tristan hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tristan_hotspot", "summary": "The Tristan hotspot is a volcanic hotspot which is responsible for the volcanic activity which forms the volcanoes in the southern Atlantic Ocean . It is thought to have formed the island of Tristan da Cunha and the Walvis Ridge on the African Plate ." } ] }, { "value": "Karoo-Ferrar Province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karoo-Ferrar", "summary": "The Karoo and Ferrar Large Igneous Provinces ( LIPs ) are two large igneous provinces in Southern Africa and Antarctica respectively , collectively known as the Karoo-Ferrar , Gondwana , or Southeast African LIP , associated with the initial break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent at c. 183 Ma . Its flood basalt mostly covers South Africa and Antarctica but portions extend further into southern Africa and into South America , India , Australia and New Zealand . Karoo-Ferrar formed just prior to the breakup of Gondwana in the Lower Jurassic epoch , about 183 million years ago ; this timing corresponds to the early Toarcian anoxic event and the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extinction . It covered about 3 x 106 km2 . The total original volume of the flow , which extends over a distance in excess of 6000 km ( 4000 km in Antarctica alone ) , was in excess of 2.5 x 106 km³ ( 2.5 million cubic kilometres ) . The Ferrar LIP is notable for long distance transport and the Karoo LIP for its large volume and chemical diversity . The igneous activity of the Karoo LIP began c. 204 Ma at the northern margin of the province . The long-lasting Chon-Aike Province in Patagonia , the Antarctic Peninsula , and Ellsworth Land was activated c. 190 Ma in an unstable tectonic environment in which both extension and subduction occurred . Chon-Aike had a peak between 183 to 173 Ma but produced continued magmatism between 168 to 141 Ma . By 184 to 175 Ma the Karoo magmatism had spread to Namibia , Lesotho , Lebombo , and the Ferrar province in Antarctica . The Karoo LIP ended 145 Ma with peripheral eruptions in Patagonia , the Antarctica Peninsula , northern South Africa , Kerala in India , and southeast Australia . The Karoo Province uplifted southern Africa c. 1.5 km ( 0.93 mi ) and broke East Gondwana ( India , Antarctica , and Australia ) away from West Gondwana ( South America and Africa ) beginning in the opening of the Weddell Sea ." } ] }, { "value": "South Africa , Antarctica , Australia & New Zealand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Antarctica", "summary": "Antarctica ( /ænˈtɑːrtɪkə/ or /æntˈɑːrktɪkə/ ( listen ) ) [ note 1 ] is Earth 's southernmost continent . It contains the geographic South Pole and is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere , almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle , and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean . At 14,200,000 square kilometres ( 5,500,000 square miles ) , it is the fifth-largest continent and nearly twice the size of Australia . At 0.00008 people per square kilometre , it is by far the least densely populated continent . About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice that averages 1.9 km ( 1.2 mi ; 6,200 ft ) in thickness , which extends to all but the northernmost reaches of the Antarctic Peninsula . Antarctica , on average , is the coldest , driest , and windiest continent , and has the highest average elevation of all the continents . Most of Antarctica is a polar desert , with annual precipitation of 200 mm ( 7.9 in ) along the coast and far less inland ; there has been no rain there for almost 2 million years , yet 80% of the world freshwater reserves are stored there . The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C ( −128.6 °F ) ( or even −94.7 °C ( −135.8 °F ) as measured from space ) , though the average for the third quarter ( the coldest part of the year ) is −63 °C ( −81 °F ) . Anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at research stations scattered across the continent . Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae , bacteria , fungi , plants , protista , and certain animals , such as mites , nematodes , penguins , seals and tardigrades . Vegetation , where it occurs , is tundra . Antarctica is noted as the last region on Earth in recorded history to be discovered , unseen until 1820 when the Russian expedition of Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev on Vostok and Mirny sighted the Fimbul ice shelf ." }, { "url": "/wiki/New_Zealand", "summary": "New Zealand ( Māori : Aotearoa [ aɔˈtɛaɾɔa ] ) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean . The country has two main landmasses - the North Island ( Te Ika-a-Māui ) , and the South Island ( Te Waipounamu ) - and around 600 smaller islands . It has a total land area of 268,000 square kilometres ( 103,500 sq mi ) . New Zealand is about 2,000 kilometres ( 1,200 mi ) east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and 1,000 kilometres ( 600 mi ) south of the Pacific island areas of New Caledonia , Fiji , and Tonga . Because of its remoteness , it was one of the last lands to be settled by humans . During its long period of isolation , New Zealand developed a distinct biodiversity of animal , fungal , and plant life . The country 's varied topography and its sharp mountain peaks , such as the Southern Alps , owe much to the tectonic uplift of land and volcanic eruptions . New Zealand 's capital city is Wellington , and its most populous city is Auckland . Sometime between 1250 and 1300 , Polynesians settled in the islands and developed a distinctive Māori culture . In 1642 , Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight New Zealand . In 1840 , representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs signed the Treaty of Waitangi , which declared British sovereignty over the islands . In 1841 , New Zealand became a colony within the British Empire and in 1907 it became a dominion ; it gained full statutory independence in 1947 and the British monarch remained the head of state ." } ] }, { "value": "Marion Island", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marion_Island", "summary": "The Prince Edward Islands are two small islands in the sub-antarctic Indian Ocean that are part of South Africa . The islands are named Marion Island ( named after Marc-Joseph Marion du Fresne ) and Prince Edward Island ( named after Prince Edward , Duke of Kent and Strathearn ) . The islands in the group have been declared Special Nature Reserves under the South African Environmental Management : Protected Areas Act , No . 57 of 2003 , and activities on the islands are therefore restricted to research and conservation management . Further protection was granted when the area was declared a marine protected area in 2013 . The only human inhabitants of the islands are the staff of a meteorological and biological research station run by the South African National Antarctic Programme on Marion Island ." } ] }, { "value": "Caribbean large igneous province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Caribbean_large_igneous_province", "summary": "The Caribbean large igneous province ( CLIP ) consists of a major flood basalt , which created this large igneous province ( LIP ) . It is the source of the current large eastern Pacific oceanic plateau , of which the Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau is the tectonized remnant . The deeper levels of the plateau have been exposed on its margins at the North and South American plates . The volcanism took place between 139 and 69 million years ago , with the majority of activity appearing to lie between 95 and 88 Ma . The plateau volume has been estimated as on the order of 4 x 106 km³ . It has been linked to the Galápagos hotspot ." } ] }, { "value": "Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Caribbean-Colombian_oceanic_plateau", "summary": "The Caribbean large igneous province ( CLIP ) consists of a major flood basalt , which created this large igneous province ( LIP ) . It is the source of the current large eastern Pacific oceanic plateau , of which the Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau is the tectonized remnant . The deeper levels of the plateau have been exposed on its margins at the North and South American plates . The volcanism took place between 139 and 69 million years ago , with the majority of activity appearing to lie between 95 and 88 Ma . The plateau volume has been estimated as on the order of 4 x 106 km³ . It has been linked to the Galápagos hotspot ." } ] }, { "value": "Galápagos hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Galápagos_hotspot", "summary": "The Galápagos hotspot is a volcanic hotspot in the East Pacific Ocean responsible for the creation of the Galapagos Islands as well as three major aseismic ridge systems , Carnegie , Cocos and Malpelo which are on two tectonic plates . The hotspot is located near the Equator on the Nazca Plate not far from the divergent plate boundary with the Cocos Plate . The tectonic setting of the hotspot is complicated by the Galapagos Triple Junction of the Nazca and Cocos plates with the Pacific Plate . The movement of the plates over the hotspot is determined not solely by the spreading along the ridge but also by the relative motion between the Pacific Plate and the Cocos and Nazca Plates . The hotspot is believed to be over 20 million years old and in that time there has been interaction between the hotspot , both of these plates , and the divergent plate boundary , at the Galapagos Spreading Centre . Lavas from the hotspot do not exhibit the homogeneous nature of many hotspots ; instead there is evidence of four major reservoirs feeding the hotspot . These mix to varying degrees at different locations on the archipelago and also within the Galapagos Spreading Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Mackenzie Large Igneous Province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mackenzie_Large_Igneous_Province", "summary": "The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province ( MLIP ) is a major Mesoproterozoic large igneous province of the southwestern , western and northwestern Canadian Shield in Canada . It consists of a group of related igneous rocks that were formed during a massive igneous event starting about 1,270 million years ago . The large igneous province extends from the Arctic in Nunavut to near the Great Lakes in Northwestern Ontario where it meets with the smaller Matachewan dike swarm . Included in the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are the large Muskox layered intrusion , the Coppermine River flood basalt sequence and the massive northwesterly trending Mackenzie dike swarm . As a large igneous province , it is an extremely large area of related igneous rocks that were emplaced over an extremely short geological time span . The igneous rocks comprising the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province originated from processes not associated with normal plate tectonics and seafloor spreading . It is one of the several large igneous provinces scattered throughout the Canadian landscape , which can be thousands of kilometres in volume and area . The Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is one of the world 's largest Proterozoic magmatic provinces , as well as one of the most well-preserved continental flood basalt terrains on Earth . Igneous rocks of the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province are generally mafic in composition , including basalt and gabbro . Even though the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province is classified as a large igneous province like other extremely large accumulations of igneous rocks on Earth , it is much larger than large igneous province standards . The standard size classification for large igneous provinces is a minimum areal extent of 100,000 km2 ( 39,000 sq mi ) . However , the Mackenzie dike swarm itself occupies an area of at least 2,700,000 km2 ( 1,000,000 sq mi ) , making the Mackenzie Large Igneous Province larger than the Ontong Java Plateau ( in the southwestern Pacific Ocean ) and the U.S. state of Alaska ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Shield", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Shield", "summary": "The Canadian Shield , also called the Laurentian Plateau , or Bouclier canadien ( French ) , is a large area of exposed Precambrian igneous and high-grade metamorphic rocks ( geological shield ) that forms the ancient geological core of the North American continent ( the North American Craton or Laurentia ) . Composed of igneous rock resulting from its long volcanic history , the area is covered by a thin layer of soil . With a deep , common , joined bedrock region in eastern and central Canada , it stretches north from the Great Lakes to the Arctic Ocean , covering over half of Canada ; it also extends south into the northern reaches of the United States . Human population is sparse , and industrial development is minimal , while mining is prevalent ." } ] }, { "value": "Mackenzie hotspot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mackenzie_hotspot", "summary": "The Mackenzie hotspot was a volcanic hotspot that existed about 1.3 billion years ago across Canada from the Northwest Territories and Nunavut . It was centred on what is now Darnley Bay on southwestern Victoria Island ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Correlations with LIP formation -- Correlation with hot-spots", "section_text": "The early volcanic activity of major hotspots , postulated to result from deep mantle plumes , is frequently accompanied by flood basalts . These flood basalt eruptions have resulted in large accumulations of basaltic lavas emplaced at a rate greatly exceeding that seen in contemporary volcanic processes . Continental rifting commonly follows flood basalt volcanism . Flood basalt provinces may also occur as a consequence of the initial hot-spot activity in ocean basins as well as on continents . It is possible to track the hot spot back to the flood basalts of a large igneous province ; the table below correlates large igneous provinces with the track of a specific hot spot . [ 21 ] [ 22 ]", "uid": "Large_igneous_province_0", "intro": "A large igneous province (LIP) is an extremely large accumulation of igneous rocks, including intrusive (sills, dikes) and extrusive (lava flows, tephra deposits), arising when magma travels through the crust towards the surface. The formation of LIPs is variously attributed to mantle plumes or to processes associated with divergent plate tectonics. The formation of some of the LIPs the past 500 million years coincide in time with mass extinctions and rapid climatic changes, which has led to numerous hypotheses about the causal relationships. LIPs are fundamentally different from any other currently active volcanoes or volcanic systems." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_California_state_forests", "title": "List of California state forests", "header": [ "State Forest", "Land area", "County", "City", "Established" ], "data": [ { "value": "Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boggs_Mountain_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "Boggs Mountain Demonstration State Forest is a state forest located on State Route 175 , eight miles ( 13 km ) south of Clear Lake in Lake County , California , USA . It is one of the largest mountains in the area , with a length of 10 miles ( 16 km ) east to west and width of 4 miles ( 6 km ) north to south . The mountain 's highest point is 3,750 feet ( 1,143 m ) elevation . Like nearby mountains such as Cobb Mountain , Boggs is volcanic in origin . It receives heavy rainfall , winter snow and has at least two perennial springs . Boggs Mountain State Forest is managed by the California Department of Forestry ( CDF ) . CDF ( now officially renamed Cal-Fire ) purchased 3,433 acres ( 13.89 km2 ) in 1949 from the Calso Company for 38,000 dollars Due to hazards from the Valley Fire , the forest is now closed until further notice ." } ] }, { "value": "3,493 acres ( 14.14 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lake_County,_California", "summary": "Lake County is a county located in the north central portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 64,665 . The county seat is Lakeport . The county takes its name from Clear Lake , the dominant geographic feature in the county and the largest natural lake wholly within California ( Lake Tahoe is partially in Nevada ; the Salton Sea was formed by flooding ) . Lake County forms the Clearlake , California micropolitan statistical area . It is directly north of the San Francisco Bay Area . Lake County is part of California 's Wine Country , which also includes Napa , Sonoma and Mendocino counties . It includes five American Viticultural Areas and over 35 wineries ." } ] }, { "value": "Cobb", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cobb,_California", "summary": "Cobb is a census designated place ( CDP ) in Lake County , California , United States . Cobb is located 1 mile ( 1.6 km ) northwest of Whispering Pines , at an elevation of 2,631 feet ( 802 m ) . The population was 1,778 at the 2010 census , up from 1,638 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ellen Pickett State Forest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "160 acres ( 0.65 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Trinity", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trinity_County,_California", "summary": "Trinity County is a county in the northwestern part of the state of California . Trinity County is rugged , mountainous , heavily forested , and lies along the Trinity River within the Salmon and Klamath Mountains . It is also one of three counties in California with no incorporated cities . Weaverville has the distinction of housing some of California 's oldest buildings . The courthouse , built in 1856 , is the second oldest in the state , and the Weaverville Drug Store has been filling prescriptions since 1852 . The Joss House is a historic Taoist temple built in 1873 . As of the 2010 census , the population was 13,786 , making it the fourth least-populous county in California . The county seat and largest community is Weaverville ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jackson Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jackson_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "Jackson Demonstration State Forest is the largest demonstration forest operated by the State of California . The forest is entirely located within Mendocino County on land formerly owned by Caspar Lumber Company along California State Highway 20 between Willits and the coastal city of Fort Bragg . It is managed by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection . Logging of the area began in 1862 , and intense industrial logging has taken place for many decades . There have been several generations of harvests and replantings . The 48,652 acres ( 196.89 km2 ) that make up the forest were purchased in 1947 and the demonstration forest was created in 1949 . Coast redwood is the most common type of tree in the forest , but there is also Douglas fir , grand fir , hemlock , bishop pine , tanoak , alder , madrone and bay myrtle . The elevation of the land varies from 80 to 2,200 feet ( 670 m ) . Precipitation near the coast averages 39 inches ( 990 mm ) per year , but the average is 70 inches ( 1,800 mm ) per year inland . The temperature reaches a low of 25 °F ( −4 °C ) and a high of 100 °F ( 38 °C ) ." } ] }, { "value": "48,652 acres ( 196.89 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mendocino", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California", "summary": "Mendocino County is a county located on the North Coast of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 87,841 . The county seat is Ukiah . Mendocino County consists wholly of the Ukiah , CA Micropolitan Statistical Area ( μSA ) for the purposes of the U.S. Census Bureau . It is located approximately equidistant from the San Francisco Bay Area and California/Oregon border , separated from the Sacramento Valley to the east by the California Coast Ranges . While smaller areas of redwood forest are found further south , it is the southernmost California county to be included in the World Wildlife Fund 's Pacific temperate rainforests ecoregion , the largest temperate rainforest ecoregion on the planet . The county is noted for its distinctive Pacific Ocean coastline , its location along California 's Lost Coast , Redwood forests , wine production , microbrews , and liberal views about the use of cannabis and support for its legalization . In 2009 it was estimated that roughly one-third of the economy was based on the cultivation of marijuana . The notable historic and recreational attraction of the Skunk Train connects Fort Bragg with Willits in Mendocino County via a steam-locomotive engine , along with other vehicles ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Bragg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Bragg,_California", "summary": "Fort Bragg is a coastal city along California 's Shoreline Highway in Mendocino County . It is 24 mi ( 39 km ) west of Willits , at an elevation of 85 feet ( 26 m ) . A California Historical Landmark , the city was founded , prior to the American Civil War , as a military garrison rather than a fortification . Fort Bragg is a tourist destination because of its picturesque views of the Pacific Ocean . Its population was 7,273 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Las Posadas State Forest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "796 acres ( 3.22 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Napa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Napa_County,_California", "summary": "Napa County is a county north of San Pablo Bay in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 136,484 . The county seat is the City of Napa . Napa County was one of the original counties of California , created in 1850 at the time of statehood . Parts of the county 's territory were given to Lake County in 1861 . Napa County comprises the Napa , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . It is one of four North Bay counties . Napa County , once the producer of many different crops , is known today for its regional wine industry , rising to the first rank of wine regions with France by local wineries Stag 's Leap Wine Cellars and Chateau Montelena winning the Judgment of Paris in 1976 ." } ] }, { "value": "Angwin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Angwin,_California", "summary": "Angwin is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Napa County , United States . California , best known as the site of Pacific Union College . It is part of the northern San Francisco Bay Area . The population was 3,051 at the 2010 census . Its area code is 707 . Its two zip codes are 94508 and 94576 . It is in the Pacific time zone ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LaTour Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LaTour_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "LaTour Demonstration State Forest is a state forest totaling 9,033 acres in the southern Cascade Range and Shasta County , in northern California . It became a state forest in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "9,033 acres ( 36.56 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shasta", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shasta_County,_California", "summary": "Shasta County , officially the County of Shasta , is a county in the northern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 177,223 . The county seat is Redding . Shasta County comprises the Redding , California Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county occupies the northern reaches of the Sacramento Valley , with portions extending into the southern reaches of the Cascade Range . Points of interest in Shasta County include Shasta Lake , Lassen Peak , and the Sundial Bridge ." } ] }, { "value": "Redding", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Redding,_California", "summary": "Redding is a city in and the county seat of Shasta County , California , United States , in the northern part of the state . It lies along the Sacramento River , 162 miles ( 261 kilometers ) north of Sacramento , and 120 miles ( 190 km ) south of California 's northern border , shared with the state of Oregon . Interstate 5 bisects the entire city , from the south to north before it approaches Shasta Lake , which is located 15 miles ( 24 km ) to the north . The 2010 population was 90,322 . Redding is the largest city in the Shasta Cascade region , and it is the sixth-largest city in the Sacramento Valley , behind Chico , Sacramento , Elk Grove , Roseville , and Vacaville ." } ] }, { "value": "1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mount_Zion_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "Mount Zion Demonstration State Forest is located in the town of Pine Grove , Amador County , California , United States . It features a ranger lookout station and microwave tower atop Mount Zion , which is accessed via Mount Zion Road from California State Route 88 ." } ] }, { "value": "164 acres ( 0.66 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Amador", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amador_County,_California", "summary": "Amador County , is a county in the U.S. state of California , in the Sierra Nevada . As of the 2010 census , the population was 38,091 . The county seat is Jackson . Amador County bills itself as The Heart of the Mother Lode and lies within the Gold Country . There is a substantial viticultural industry in the county ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mountain_Home_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest ( MHDSF ) is a state forest located on Bear Creek Road ( Tulare County Route 220 ) , 28 km ( 17 mi ) northeast of Springville in Tulare County , California . The protected land covers an area of 4,807 acres ( 19 km2 ) with an elevation range between 1,463 m ( 4,800 ft ) and 2,377.5 m ( 7,800 ft ) . The forest is best known for its namesake giant sequoia grove , Mountain Home Grove , which is home to some of the largest giant sequoias in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "4,807 acres ( 19.45 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tulare", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tulare_County,_California", "summary": "Tulare County ( /tʊˈlɛəri/ tuu-LAIR-ee ) is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 442,179 . Its county seat is Visalia . The county is named for Tulare Lake , once the largest freshwater lake west of the Great Lakes . Drained for agricultural development , the site is now in Kings County , which was created in 1893 from the western portion of the formerly larger Tulare County . Tulare County comprises the Visalia-Porterville , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . The county is located south of Fresno , spanning from the San Joaquin Valley east to the Sierra Nevada . Sequoia National Park is located in the county , as are part of Kings Canyon National Park , in its northeast corner ( shared with Fresno County ) , and part of Mount Whitney , on its eastern border ( shared with Inyo County ) . As of the 2010 census , the population was 442,179 , up from 368,021 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "Springville", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Springville,_California", "summary": "Springville is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Tulare County , California , United States . The population was 934 at the 2010 census , down from 1,109 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Soquel Demonstration State Forest", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soquel_Demonstration_State_Forest", "summary": "Soquel Demonstration State Forest is one of eight Cal Fire operated Demonstration State Forests totaling 71,000 acres . Collectively , the forests represent the most common forest types in the state . The State Forests grow approximately 75 million board feet yearly and harvest an average of 30 million board feet of timber each year , enough to build 3,000 single-family homes . Revenue from these harvests fund a variety of the Department 's Resource Management Programs . In addition , the forests provide research and demonstration projects on forest management , while providing public recreation opportunities , fish and wildlife habitat , and watershed protection . [ ca.gov 1 ] The Board of Forestry and Fire Protection ( Board ) policy provides that the State Forests shall be used for experimentation to determine the economic feasibility of artificial reforestation , and to demonstrate the productive and economic possibilities of good forest practices toward maintaining forest crop land in a productive condition . The management objectives and plans developed for each State Forest are subject to periodic review and approval by the Board . [ ca.gov 1 ]" } ] }, { "value": "2,681 acres ( 10.85 km )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Santa Cruz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California", "summary": "Santa Cruz County , California , officially the County of Santa Cruz , is a county on the Pacific coast of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 262,382 . The county seat is Santa Cruz . Santa Cruz County comprises the Santa Cruz-Watsonville , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland , CA Combined Statistical Area . The county is on the California Central Coast , south of the San Francisco Bay Area region . The county forms the northern coast of the Monterey Bay , with Monterey County forming the southern coast ." } ] }, { "value": "Soquel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soquel,_California", "summary": "Soquel /soʊˈkɛl/ is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Santa Cruz County , California , United States approximately 75 miles ( 120 km ) south of San Francisco , and forms part of the north coast of Monterey Bay . The population was 9,644 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "1990", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "This is a list of California state forests , operated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection .", "uid": "List_of_California_state_forests_0", "intro": "This is a list of California state forests, operated by the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_FC_Barcelona_records_and_statistics", "title": "List of FC Barcelona records and statistics", "header": [ "Ranking", "Name", "Nationality", "Years", "Goals" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lionel Messi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lionel_Messi", "summary": "Lionel Andrés Messi Cuccittini [ note 1 ] ( Spanish pronunciation : [ ljoˈnel anˈdɾez ˈmesi ] ( listen ) ; [ A ] born 24 June 1987 ) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward and captains both Spanish club Barcelona and the Argentina national team . Often considered the best player in the world and widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time , Messi has won a record six Ballon d'Or awards , [ note 2 ] and a record six European Golden Shoes . He has spent his entire professional career with Barcelona , where he has won a club-record 34 trophies , including ten La Liga titles , four UEFA Champions League titles and six Copas del Rey . A prolific goalscorer and a creative playmaker , Messi holds the records for most goals in La Liga ( 433 ) , a La Liga and European league season ( 50 ) , most hat-tricks in La Liga ( 35 ) and the UEFA Champions League ( 8 ) , and most assists in La Liga ( 181 ) and the Copa América ( 13 ) . He has scored over 700 senior career goals for club and country . Born and raised in central Argentina , Messi relocated to Spain to join Barcelona at age 13 , for whom he made his competitive debut aged 17 in October 2004 . He established himself as an integral player for the club within the next three years , and in his first uninterrupted season in 2008-09 he helped Barcelona achieve the first treble in Spanish football ; that year , aged 22 , Messi won his first Ballon d'Or . Three successful seasons followed , with Messi winning three consecutive Ballons d'Or , including an unprecedented fourth . During the 2011-12 season , he set the La Liga and European records for most goals scored in a single season , while establishing himself as Barcelona 's all-time top scorer . The following two seasons , Messi finished second for the Ballon d'Or behind Cristiano Ronaldo - his perceived career rival - before regaining his best form during the 2014-15 campaign , becoming the all-time top scorer in La Liga and leading Barcelona to a historic second treble , after which he was awarded a fifth Ballon d'Or in 2015 . Messi assumed the captaincy of Barcelona in 2018 , and in 2019 he secured a record sixth Ballon d'Or . An Argentine international , Messi is his country 's all-time leading goalscorer ." } ] }, { "value": "Argentina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Argentina", "summary": "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ." } ] }, { "value": "2004-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "433", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "César", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/César_Rodríguez_Álvarez", "summary": "César Rodríguez Álvarez ( 6 July 1920 - 1 March 1995 ) , sometimes known as just César , was a Spanish football forward and manager . During his career , which spanned more than two decades , he played mainly for Barcelona , appearing in 351 official matches and scoring 232 goals ( previously counted as 235 ) , making him the highest goalscorer in the club 's history for several decades , until he was passed by Lionel Messi . He won five La Liga championships with the team in a total of 13 major trophies , and was renowned for his ability to score from corners . César represented Spain at the 1950 World Cup . After retiring , he managed both Zaragoza and Barcelona amongst several other professional teams ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "1942-1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "190", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Luis Suárez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luis_Suárez", "summary": "Luis Alberto Suárez Díaz ( American Spanish : [ ˈlwis ˈswaɾes ] ; born 24 January 1987 ) is a Uruguayan professional footballer who plays as a striker for Spanish club Barcelona and the Uruguay national team . Often regarded as one of the best players in the world , [ note 1 ] Suárez has won 18 trophies in his career , which include six league titles , a UEFA Champions League title at club level , and a Copa América with Uruguay . A prolific goalscorer , Suárez has won two European Golden Shoes , an Eredivisie Golden Boot , a Premier League Golden Boot , also ending the six-year dominance of Lionel Messi and Cristiano Ronaldo by winning La Liga 's Pichichi Trophy in 2016 . He has scored 475 senior career goals for club and country . Suárez began his career as a youth player for Nacional in 2003 . At age 19 , he relocated to the Netherlands to play for Groningen , before transferring to Ajax in 2007 . He won his first trophy in 2010 , the KNVB Cup , finishing the season as the league 's top scorer and was named Dutch Footballer of the Year . A year later , he helped Ajax secure the Eredivisie title , and scored his 100th Ajax goal . In January 2011 , Suárez transferred to Liverpool , and won the League Cup in his first full season . In 2014 , he was named the PFA Players ' Player of the Year and the FWA Footballer of the Year as well as winning the Premier League Golden Boot , and sharing the European Golden Shoe with Cristiano Ronaldo before moving to Barcelona in a transfer worth €82.3 million ( £64.98 million ) , making him one of the most expensive players in football history . In his first season at Barcelona , Suárez starred in an attacking trio alongside Lionel Messi and Neymar , helping the club win a historic second continental treble of La Liga , the Copa del Rey and the UEFA Champions League . Messi , Suárez , Neymar ( dubbed MSN ) , scored a total of 122 goals that season , the most for an attacking front three in Spanish football history ." } ] }, { "value": "Uruguay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uruguay", "summary": "Uruguay ( /ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ uɾuˈɣwai ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Spanish : República Oriental del Uruguay ; Portuguese : República Oriental do Uruguai ) , is a country in the southeastern region of South America . It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east , with the Río de la Plata ( River of Silver ) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast . Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.45 million people , of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city , Montevideo . With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometers ( 68,000 sq mi ) , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America , after Suriname . Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4,000 years before the Portuguese established Colónia do Sacramento in 1680 ; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans relatively late compared with neighboring countries . Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century , signifying the competing claims over the region . Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828 , following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain , and later Argentina and Brazil . It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century , with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics . A series of economic crises put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century , culminating in a 1973 coup , which established a civic-military dictatorship . The military government persecuted leftists , socialists , and political opponents , resulting in several deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military ; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985 . Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic , with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government . Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy , peace , low perception of corruption , e-government , and is first in South America when it comes to press freedom , size of the middle class and prosperity ." } ] }, { "value": "2014-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "142", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "László Kubala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/László_Kubala", "summary": "László Kubala Stecz ( 10 June 1927 - 17 May 2002 ) , also referred to as Ladislav Kubala ( in Slovak ) or Ladislao Kubala ( in Spanish ) , was a Hungarian , Czechoslovak and Spanish professional footballer . Regarded as one of the best players in history , he is considered a hero of Barcelona . He played as a forward for , among other clubs , Ferencváros , Slovan Bratislava , Barcelona , and Espanyol . A Hungarian national by birth , he also held Czechoslovak and Spanish citizenship , and in fact played for the national teams of all three countries . Kubala was noted for his quick and skilful dribbling , composed and powerful finishing , and accuracy from free kicks . During the 1950s , he was a leading member of the successful Barcelona team , scoring 280 goals in 345 appearances . During the club 's 1999 centenary celebrations , a fan 's poll declared Kubala the best player ever to play for the Spanish club . After retiring as a player , he had two spells as coach of Barcelona and also coached both Spain 's senior national team and Olympic team ." } ] }, { "value": "Hungary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hungary", "summary": "Hungary ( Hungarian : Magyarország [ ˈmɒɟɒrorsaːɡ ] ( listen ) ) is a country in Central Europe . Spanning 93,030 square kilometres ( 35,920 sq mi ) in the Carpathian Basin , it borders Slovakia to the north , Ukraine to the northeast , Romania to the east and southeast , Serbia to the south , Croatia and Slovenia to the southwest , and Austria to the west . With about 10 million inhabitants , Hungary is a medium-sized member state of the European Union . The official language is Hungarian , which is the most widely spoken Uralic language in the world , and among the few non-Indo-European languages to be widely spoken in Europe . Hungary 's capital and largest city is Budapest ; other major urban areas include Debrecen , Szeged , Miskolc , Pécs and Győr . The territory of modern Hungary was for centuries inhabited by a succession of peoples , including Celts , Romans , Germanic tribes , Huns , West Slavs and the Avars . The foundations of the Hungarian state were established in the late ninth century CE by the Hungarian grand prince Árpád following the conquest of the Carpathian Basin . His great-grandson Stephen I ascended the throne in 1000 , converting his realm to a Christian kingdom . By the 12th century , Hungary became a regional power , reaching its cultural and political height in the 15th century . Following the Battle of Mohács in 1526 , Hungary was partially occupied by the Ottoman Empire ( 1541-1699 ) . It came under Habsburg rule at the turn of the 18th century , and later joined Austria to form the Austro-Hungarian Empire , a major European power . The Austro-Hungarian Empire collapsed after World War I , and the subsequent Treaty of Trianon established Hungary 's current borders , resulting in the loss of 71% of its territory , 58% of its population , and 32% of ethnic Hungarians ." } ] }, { "value": "1950-1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "131", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Samuel Eto ' o", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Samuel_Eto'o", "summary": "Samuel Eto ' o Fils ( French pronunciation : ​ [ samɥɛl eto fis ] ; born 10 March 1981 ) is a Cameroonian retired professional footballer who played as a striker . In his prime , Eto ' o was regarded by pundits as one of the best strikers in the world , and he is regarded as one of the greatest African players of all time , winning the African Player of the Year a record four times : in 2003 , 2004 , 2005 , and 2010 . A precocious talent , Eto ' o moved to Real Madrid as a 16 year old . Due to competition in his position with more experienced players , he had several loan spells , before signing for Mallorca in 2000 where he scored 70 goals . His impressive form saw him join Barcelona in 2004 where he scored 130 goals in five seasons and also became the record holder for the most number of appearances by an African player in La Liga . Winning La Liga three times , he was a key member of the Barcelona attack , alongside Ronaldinho , that won the 2006 UEFA Champions League Final , with Eto ' o scoring in the final , and was part of a front three of Lionel Messi and Thierry Henry that won the 2009 UEFA Champions League Final , with Eto ' o again scoring in the final . He is the second player in history to score in two UEFA Champions League finals . At Barcelona , Eto ' o came in third for the FIFA World Player of the Year in 2005 and was twice named in the FIFA FIFPro World XI , in 2005 and 2006 . In 2010 , he signed with Inter Milan , where he became the first player to win two European continental trebles following his back-to-back achievements with Barcelona and Inter . He is the fourth player in Champions League history , after Marcel Desailly , Paulo Sousa , and Gerard Piqué , to have won the trophy two years in a row with different teams . After brief spells with Anzhi Makhachkala , Chelsea , Everton , and Sampdoria , Eto ' o found prolific form again in the Süper Lig with Antalyaspor having scored 44 goals in 76 league games . In 2015 , he received the Golden Foot Award ." } ] }, { "value": "Cameroon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cameroon", "summary": "Cameroon ( /ˌkæməˈruːn/ ( listen ) ; French : Cameroun ) , officially the Republic of Cameroon ( French : République du Cameroun ) , is a country in Central Africa . It is bordered by Nigeria to the west and north ; Chad to the northeast ; the Central African Republic to the east ; and Equatorial Guinea , Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south . Cameroon 's coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra , part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean . Although Cameroon is not an ECOWAS member state , it is geographically and historically in West Africa with the Southern Cameroons which now form her Northwest and Southwest Regions having a strong West African history . The country is sometimes identified as West African and other times as Central African due to its strategic position at the crossroads between West and Central Africa . Cameroon is home to over 250 native languages spoken by nearly 20 million people . The official languages of the country are English and French . Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad and the Baka hunter-gatherers in the southeastern rainforest . Portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões ( Shrimp River ) , which became Cameroon in English . Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century , and various ethnic groups of the west and northwest established powerful chiefdoms and fondoms . Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun . After World War I , the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates ." } ] }, { "value": "2004-2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "108", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mariano Martín", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mariano_Martín", "summary": "Mariano Martín Alonso ( 20 October 1919 - 9 September 1998 ) was a Spanish footballer who played as a striker ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "1940-1948", "urls": [] }, { "value": "97", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Josep Escolà", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josep_Escolà", "summary": "Josep Escolà Segalés ( 28 August 1914 - 7 March 1998 ) , also referred to as José Escolà , was a Spanish footballer who played as a forward . He spent most of his club career at FC Barcelona . Escolà also played for both Spain and the Catalan XI . After retiring as player in 1948 , Escolà managed CF Badalona , CE Sabadell FC , CD Castellón and Levante UD ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "1934-37,1940-48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "93", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Patrick Kluivert", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Kluivert", "summary": "Patrick Stephan Kluivert ( [ ˈpɛtrɪk ˈklœy̯vərt ] ( listen ) ; born 1 July 1976 ) is a Dutch former football player and coach who is the academy director of FC Barcelona . He is the former director of football for Paris Saint-Germain in France . Kluivert was the assistant manager of Cameroon . He played as a striker , most notably for AFC Ajax , FC Barcelona and the Netherlands national team . He was part of Ajax 's Golden Generation of the 1990s at the age of 18 , scoring the winner in the 1995 UEFA Champions League Final . He spent six years with Spanish club Barcelona where he formed a successful partnership with Rivaldo , where both won the Spanish La Liga championship of 1999 and Kluivert scored 124 goals from 249 appearances in all . Kluivert played for the Dutch national team from 1994 to 2004 . With 40 goals in 79 appearances , he is the third highest top goalscorer for Oranje . He played in three European Championships and the 1998 FIFA World Cup , and was joint top scorer at Euro 2000 where upon the scoresheet he tallied a total of 5 times . In 2004 , he was named in the FIFA 100 , a list of the 125 greatest living footballers chosen by Pelé as part of FIFA 's centenary observances . He began his coaching career as an assistant at AZ and then NEC . He had a brief coaching stint in Australia with the Brisbane Roar , before coaching Jong FC Twente to a national title in the Dutch reserves league ." } ] }, { "value": "Netherlands", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Netherlands", "summary": "The Netherlands ( Dutch : Nederland , [ ˈneːdərlɑnt ] ( listen ) ) , informally Holland , is a country in Northwestern Europe with some overseas territories in the Caribbean . In Europe , it consists of 12 provinces that border Germany to the east , Belgium to the south , and the North Sea to the northwest , with maritime borders in the North Sea with those countries and the United Kingdom . Together with the Caribbean Netherlands - Bonaire , Sint Eustatius and Saba - it forms a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . The official language is Dutch and a secondary official language in the province of Friesland is West Frisian . In the north and east of the country , Low Saxon is also spoken , and in the southeast , Limburgish . In the Caribbean Netherlands English and Papiamento are recognised languages . The five largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam , Rotterdam , The Hague , Utrecht and Eindhoven . Amsterdam is the country 's most populous city and nominal capital , while The Hague holds the seat of the States General , Cabinet and Supreme Court . The Port of Rotterdam is the busiest seaport in Europe , and the busiest in any country outside Asia . Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is the busiest airport in the Netherlands , and the third busiest in Europe . The country is a founding member of the EU , Eurozone , G10 , NATO , OECD and WTO , as well as a part of the Schengen Area and the trilateral Benelux Union . It hosts several intergovernmental organisations and international courts , many of which are centered in The Hague , which is consequently dubbed 'the world 's legal capital ' ." } ] }, { "value": "1998-2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "90", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Estanislao Basora", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Estanislao_Basora", "summary": "Estanislau Basora Brunet ( also Estanislao ; 18 November 1926 - 16 March 2012 ) was a Spanish footballer who played as a winger or striker . Most of his 15-year career was spent at FC Barcelona for which he appeared in more than 300 official games , surpassing the 100-goal mark and winning 14 major titles . A Spanish international in the late 1940s/early 1950s , Basora represented the nation at the 1950 World Cup ." } ] }, { "value": "Spain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Spain", "summary": "Spain ( Spanish : España [ esˈpaɲa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Spanish : Reino de España ) , [ a ] [ b ] is a country in Southwestern Europe with some pockets of Spanish territory across the Strait of Gibraltar and the Atlantic Ocean . Its continental European territory is situated on the Iberian Peninsula . Its territory also includes two archipelagoes : the Canary Islands off the coast of Africa , and the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean Sea . The African enclaves of Ceuta , Melilla , and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera make Spain the only European country to have a physical border with an African country ( Morocco ) . [ h ] Several small islands in the Alboran Sea are also part of Spanish territory . The country 's mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar ; to the north and northeast by France , Andorra , and the Bay of Biscay ; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean . With an area of 505,990 km2 ( 195,360 sq mi ) , Spain is the largest country in Southern Europe , the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union , and the fourth largest country in the European continent . By population ( about 47 million ) , Spain is the sixth largest in Europe and the fifth in the European Union . Spain 's capital and largest city is Madrid ; other major urban areas include Barcelona , Valencia , Seville , Zaragoza , Málaga and Bilbao . Modern humans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula around 35,000 years ago . Iberian cultures along with ancient Phoenician , Greek , Celtic and Carthaginian settlements developed on the peninsula until it came under Roman rule around 200 BCE , after which the region was named Hispania , based on the earlier Phoenician name Sp ( a ) n or Spania . At the end of the Western Roman Empire the Germanic tribal confederations migrated from Central Europe , invaded the Iberian peninsula and established relatively independent realms in its western provinces , including the Suebi , Alans and Vandals ." } ] }, { "value": "1946-1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "89", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rivaldo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rivaldo", "summary": "Rivaldo Vítor Barbosa Ferreira ( born 19 April 1972 ) , known as Rivaldo ( Brazilian Portuguese : [ ʁiˈvawdu ] ) , is a Brazilian former professional footballer . He played mainly as an attacking midfielder but also as a second striker . Although predominantly left footed , he was capable of playing on either flank , and was on occasion deployed as a wide midfielder or as a winger . He spent five years with Spanish club Barcelona , where he formed a successful partnership with Patrick Kluivert , and won the 1998 and 1999 Spanish La Liga championship and the 1998 Copa del Rey . With 130 goals for Barcelona he is the club 's ninth highest goalscorer . His three goals against Valencia in June 2001 which qualified Barcelona for the Champions League , the last goal of which was a last minute 20-yard bicycle kick winner , is often ranked the greatest hat-trick ever . From 1993 and 2003 , Rivaldo played 74 matches and scored 35 goals for Brazil and is the seventh highest goalscorer . He helped Brazil reach the final of the 1998 FIFA World Cup , and won the 1999 Copa América where he was named player of the tournament . Rivaldo starred alongside Ronaldo and Ronaldinho in the 2002 FIFA World Cup winning team . He was named in the FIFA World Cup All-Star Team in 1998 and 2002 . One of the most skillful and creative players of his generation , Rivaldo was renowned for his bending free kicks , bicycle kicks , powerful ball striking from distance , and ability to both score and create goals . In 1999 , he won the Ballon d'Or and was named FIFA World Player of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "1997-2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "86", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Players records -- Top goalscorers", "section_text": "As of match played 19 January 2020 [ 2 ]", "uid": "List_of_FC_Barcelona_records_and_statistics_3", "intro": "Futbol Club Barcelona is a professional football club, based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto Més que un club (More than a club). The official Barça anthem is the Cant del Barça, written by Jaume Picas and Josep Maria Espinàs. Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the world's second richest football club in terms of revenue, with an annual turnover of €495 million in 2011-12 season. Barcelona played its first friendly match on 8 December 1899 against the English colony in Barcelona in the old velodrome in Bonanova. Initially, Barcelona played against other local clubs in various Catalan tournaments. In 1929, the club became one of the founding members of La Liga, Spain's first truly national league, and has since achieved the distinction of being one of only three clubs to have never been relegated, along with Real Madrid and Athletic Bilbao. Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955. Barcelona holds a long-standing rivalry with Real Madrid, with matches between the two teams referred to as El Clásico (El Clàssic in Catalan). Matches against city rivals Espanyol are known as the Derbi barceloní. Barcelona has amassed various records since its founding." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1342_papal_conclave", "title": "1342 papal conclave", "header": [ "Elector", "Title", "Elevated", "Elevator" ], "data": [ { "value": "Pierre Desprès", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pierre_Desprès", "summary": "Pierre Desprès ( or Des Près , or Des Prés ; Lat . de Pratis ) ( born 1288 , at Montpezat-de-Quercy - died 1361 , in Avignon ) was a French Cardinal during the period of Avignon Papacy . He was son of Raymond II Desprès , seigneur of Montpezat , and Aspasie de Montaigut , the heiress of Bertrand , seigneur de Montaigut . He had a brother , Raymond , who was ennobled in 1325 . Pesserat points out that Montpezat was an important town , being the seat of the Archdeacon of Montpezat in the diocese of Cahors , who was also Sacristan of the Cathedral . Not at all coincidentally , Pope John XXII was a native of Cahors , and his father had been Sieur de Saint-Félix en Quercy . With his expertise in the law as a teacher and practitioner , and with his experience as a judge in the Roman Curia , Pierre Desprès was appointed Vice-Chancellor of the Church by John XXII , where he served from 1325 to 1361 . He was thus head of the Papal Secretariat , in charge of the drafting of papal bulls and letters , and a principal papal advisor . The post was also one of the most lucrative in the Roman Curia , since a fee was charged for every document and the Vice-Chancellor received a share of every fee ." } ] }, { "value": "Bishop of Palestrina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bishop_of_Palestrina", "summary": "The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina ( Latin : Diocesis Praenestina ) is a Roman Catholic suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy . The current Bishop of Palestrina is Domenico Sigalini , who from 3 November 2010 until 5 April 2014 was also appointed by Pope Benedict XVI to be the general ecclesiastical assistant of Italian Catholic Action ." } ] }, { "value": "20 December 1320", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_XXII", "summary": "Pope John XXII ( Latin : Ioannes XXII ; 1244 - 4 December 1334 ) , born Jacques Duèze ( or d'Euse ) , was Pope from 7 August 1316 to his death in 1334 . He was the second and longest-reigning Avignon Pope , elected by the Conclave of Cardinals , which was assembled in Lyon through the work of King Louis X 's brother Philip , the Count of Poitiers , later King Philip V of France . Like his predecessor , Clement V , Pope John centralized power and income in the Papacy and lived a princely life in Avignon . He opposed the political policies of Louis IV of Bavaria as Holy Roman Emperor , which prompted Louis to invade Italy and set up an antipope , Nicholas V. Pope John XXII faced controversy in theology involving his views on the Beatific Vision , and he opposed the Franciscan understanding of the poverty of Christ and his apostles , famously leading William of Ockham to write against unlimited papal power . He canonized St. Thomas Aquinas ." } ] }, { "value": "Bertrand du Pouget", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bertrand_du_Pouget", "summary": "Bertrand du Pouget ( Italian Bertrando del Poggetto ) ( 1280 - 3 February 1352 ) was a French papal diplomat and Cardinal . Bertrand was born in Castelnau-Montratier . He may have been a nephew of Pope John XXII . As cardinal he was closely involved in dealing with the practical consequences of the migration of the papacy to Avignon , and also in striving to uphold papal prestige in Italy , for example by artistic commissions in Bologna . He expelled Galeazzo I Visconti , imperial vicar for Emperor Henry VII , from Piacenza and in 1329 arranged for a public burning of Dante 's De monarchia . He was created cardinal priest of S. Marcello in 1316 , and became bishop of Ostia in 1327 . He participated in the conclave of 1334 that elected Pope Benedict XII and the conclave of 1342 that elected Pope Clement VI . He died at Villeneuve-lès-Avignon ." } ] }, { "value": "Bishop of Ostia e Velletri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bishop_of_Ostia_e_Velletri", "summary": "The Bishop of Ostia is the head of the suburbicarian diocese of Ostia , one of the seven suburbicarian sees of Rome . The position is now attached to the post of Dean of the College of Cardinals , as it has been since 1150 , with the actual governance of the diocese entrusted to the Vicar General of Rome . Ostia and Velletri , Ostia e Velletri in Italian , was a single suburbicarian diocese from 1105 to 1914 . In 1914 , Velletri ( now Velletri-Segni ) was split off as a separate suburbicarian diocese . Starting then , a new Dean would add the see of Ostia to the suburbicarian see he already had ." } ] }, { "value": "17 December 1316", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jean-Raymond de Comminges", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bishop_of_Porto_e_Santa_Rufina", "summary": "The Diocese of Porto-Santa Rufina ( Latin : Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae ) is a suburbicarian diocese of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy . It was formed from the union of two dioceses . The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida . From 1967 , the diocese has had both a titular cardinal bishop , and a resident bishop who handles the diocesan business ." } ] }, { "value": "18 December 1327", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Annibaldo di Ceccano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Annibaldo_di_Ceccano", "summary": "Annibale Gaetani di Ceccano ( c. 1282 - 1350 ) was an Italian Cardinal . His palace , the Livrée Ceccano at Avignon , begun in about 1335/1340 , still survives ; it is now a public library . He was Archbishop of Naples from 1326 to 1328 and undertook diplomatic missions , for example setting up the 1343 truce between England and France . He was Bishop of Frascati from 1332 to 1350 . He was archpriest of Saint Peter 's Basilica ( 1342-1350 ) , as well as Archdeacon of Cornwall from 1342 to 1344 , and Archdeacon of Nottingham from 1331 to 1348 . He is celebrated for the luxury of a feast he gave in 1343 for Pope Clement VI , an eye-witness account of which has survived ." } ] }, { "value": "Bishop of Frascati", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bishop_of_Frascati", "summary": "The Diocese of Frascati ( Lat . : Tusculana ) is a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy , based at Frascati , near Rome . The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop ; from the Latin name of the area , the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum . [ A ] Tusculum was destroyed in 1191 . The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati , a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV . Until 1962 , the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see in addition to any curial duties he possessed . Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses , and made the title purely honorific ." } ] }, { "value": "18 December 1327", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pedro Gómez de Barroso", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bishop of Sabina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bishop_of_Sabina", "summary": "The Diocese of Sabina-Poggio Mirteto ( originally , Sabina ) ( Lat . : Sabinensis-Mandelensis ) a suburbicarian see of the Holy Roman Church ( which means it carries the rare rank of cardinal-bishop ) and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy in the Roman province of the Pope ." } ] }, { "value": "18 December 1327", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Imbert du Puy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Imbert_du_Puy", "summary": "Imbert du Puy ( DuPuy , Dupuis ; Lat . Imbertus de Podio , Ital . Umberto del Pozzo ) ( born at Montpellier in Languedoc , died in Avignon on 26 May 1348 ) was a French Cardinal of the fourteenth century . He was a nephew of Pope John XXII . Imbert du Puy was a Protonotary Apostolic . At the time of his elevation to the cardinalate Imbert Du Puy was Archdeacon of Langres . In his fourth Consistory for the creation of cardinals , held on 18 December 1327 , Pope John XXII created ten new cardinals , among them Imbert Du Puy . He was named Cardinal Priest of the Basilica of the Twelve Apostles ( XII Apostolorum ) , which had been unassigned since 1281 . He was given a Prebend in the Cathedral of St. Paul 's in the diocese of London in January 1328 , but such a conflict arose at the time of the installation that the cathedral needed to be reconsecrated . Cardinal du Puy participated in the Conclave of 1334 , which elected Pope Benedict XII . He was granted the Priory of Saintville in the diocese of Aix ; the Priory of Vaugines in the diocese of Aix ; and the Priory of Saint-Baudile in the diocese of Nîmes . Early in 1340 , Cardinal Imbert was a member of a committee of cardinals , with Pierre Després of Palestrina and Napoleone Orsini of S. Adriano , to examine the election and suitability of Jean de Tréal , Abbot of Rothonensis in the diocese of Vannes ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of SS . XII Apostoli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1327", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hélie_de_Talleyrand-Périgord,_Bishop_of_Auxerre", "summary": "Hélie de Talleyrand-Périgord ( 1301-17 January , 1364 ) was a French Cardinal , from one of the most aristocratic families in Périgord , south-west France . Hélie was born at Périgueux , third son of Elias VII , Count of Périgord , and Brunissende of Foix , daughter of Roger Bernard III , comte de Foix . His elder brothers were Archambaud ( IV ) , who inherited the County , and Roger-Bernard ( who married Eleanor , daughter of Bouchard , Comte de Vendôme ) ; his younger brother was Fortanier , and his sisters were Agnes ( who married John of Sicily Duke of Durazzo and de Gravina in 1321 ) , Jeanne ( who married Ponce , Seigneur de Castillon ) , Marguerite ( who married Éméric de Lautrec ) , and Rosemburge ( who married Jacques de Lavie , grand-nephew of Pope John XXII ) . As a third son Hélie was destined for an ecclesiastical career . His brother , Roger Bernard , too , had an ecclesiastical career , becoming Canon of Lyon . But then , the eldest son died , and Roger-Bernard became the Count of Périgord . Hélie became a major figure in the Avignon papacy , and also a diplomat engaged in the negotiations of the Hundred Years ' War , having friendships in both English and French royal families . In his last months he had been appointed Papal Legate for a crusade against the Turks ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Pietro in Vincoli", "urls": [] }, { "value": "25 May 1331", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pierre Bertrand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pierre_Bertrand_(cardinal)", "summary": "Pierre Bertrand ( 1280 - 1348 or 1349 ) was a French Cardinal , theologian , and canonist . Pierre Bertrand was born at Annonay in Vivarais . His noble parentage is known to us through the manuscript memoir of Grasset , a Celestine monk of the seventeenth century ( Discours généalogique de la noble maison de Bertrand et de leur alliance avec celle de Colombier ) . The legal profession seems to have been the first aim of his education . He successively studied and taught law in the Universities of Avignon , Montpellier , Orléans , and Paris . A highly competent lawyer , he soon reached high positions in the Parliament of Paris , the King 's Council , and the Queen 's Chancery . His interests lay , however , in another direction , and he became a priest . His priestly career was as successful as his legal success . In rapid succession he was Dean of Puy-en-Valais , Bishop of Nevers , and Bishop of Autun . In 1331 Pope John XXII made him a cardinal . Among his services were several charitable institutions founded at Annonay , and the Collège d'Autun , or Collège Cardinal , established in Paris on behalf of fifteen poor students , five for theology , five for law , and five for the fine arts . Bertrand defended the rights of the Church both by word of mouth and with his pen ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Clemente", "urls": [] }, { "value": "20 December 1331", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gozzio Battaglia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Prisca", "urls": [] }, { "value": "December 18 , 1338", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benedict_XII", "summary": "Pope Benedict XII ( Latin : Benedictus XII ; 1285 - 25 April 1342 ) , born Jacques Fornier , was Pope from 30 December 1334 to his death in April 1342 . He was the third Avignon Pope . Benedict was a careful pope who reformed monastic orders and opposed nepotism . Unable to remove his capital to Rome or Bologna , he started the great palace at Avignon . He decided against a notion of Pope John XXII by saying that souls may attain the fulness [ sic ] of the beatific vision before the Last Judgment . Whilst being a stalwart reformer , he attempted unsuccessfully to reunite the Orthodox Church and Catholic Church , almost 3 centuries after the Great Schism ; he also failed to come to an understanding with Louis IV , Holy Roman Emperor ." } ] }, { "value": "Bertrand de Déaulx", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bertrand_de_Déaulx", "summary": "Bertrand de Déaulx ( or Deaulx , or Deux ; Lat . Bertrandus de Deucio ) was a French bishop , diplomat and Cardinal . He was born , perhaps around 1290 , in Castrum de Blandiaco in the diocese of Uzès ; or in Déaulx . He died in Avignon in 1355 . Trained as a lawyer and teacher of law , he practiced in the papal courts , and became an arbitrator and diplomat for the Papacy . He had several assignments in Italy and one in Catalonia . He was responsible for the reorganization of the University of Montpellier and the granting of revised charters ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Marco", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1338", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pierre Roger , O.S.B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pope_Clement_VI", "summary": "Pope Clement VI ( Latin : Clemens VI ; 1291 - 6 December 1352 ) , born Pierre Roger , was Pope from 7 May 1342 to his death in 1352 . He was the fourth Avignon pope . Clement reigned during the first visitation of the Black Death ( 1348-1350 ) , during which he granted remission of sins to all who died of the plague . Roger steadfastly resisted temporal encroachments on the Church 's ecclesiastical jurisdiction and , as Clement VI , entrenched French dominance of the Church and opened its coffers to enhance the regal splendour of the Papacy . He recruited composers and music theorists for his court , including figures associated with the then-innovative Ars Nova style of France and the Low Countries . His nepotism was ultimately reflected in the 44 statues of relatives which surrounded his sarcophagus ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of SS . Nereo ed Achilleo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1338", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guillaume Court , O.Cist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guillaume_Court", "summary": "Guillaume Court ( died 1361 ) was a French Cistercian theologian and Cardinal . He was briefly bishop of Nîmes , and then bishop of Albi , in 1337 , but only for a year , as Pope Benedict XII shortly elevated him to the cardinalate . He was the nephew of Benedict , who as Jacques Fournier had been a bishop of Mirepoix active in hunting heresy in south-west France ; and in any case was a countryman and supporter in these activities . Subsequently he investigated several cases of Franciscan spirituals under suspicion . The major work Liber secretorum eventuum of Joannes de Rupescissa was written to his order . In decisions of an Avignon theological tribune he headed in 1354 , Joannes de Rupescissa was cleared ; John of Castillon and Francis of Arquata were condemned and burned ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of SS . IV Coronati", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1338", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bernard dAlbi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bernard_d’Albi", "summary": "Bernard d'Albi , was born at Saverdun in the diocese of Pamiers in the Pyrenees foothills , south of Toulouse , and died on 23 November 1350 at Avignon . He was a French cardinal of the 14th century ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Ciriaco alle Terme", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1338", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guillaume d'Aure , O.S.B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guillaume_d'Aure", "summary": "Guillaume d'Aure , OSB , was born in Toulouse , and died on 3 December 1353 in Avignon . He was a French Benedictine monk and Cardinal . He was the son of Bernard VII Dodon , Count of Comminges , and Bertrande , Countess d'Aure , daughter of Arnaud , Vicomte de l'Arboust . He had a brother Raymond Roger d'Aure ." } ] }, { "value": "Priest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio", "urls": [] }, { "value": "January 1339", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benedict XII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raymond Guillaume des Farges", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deacon of S. Maria Nuova", "urls": [] }, { "value": "19 December 1310", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Clement V", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clement_V", "summary": "Pope Clement V ( Latin : Clemens V ; c. 1264 - 20 April 1314 ) , born Raymond Bertrand de Got ( also occasionally spelled de Guoth and de Goth ) , was Pope from 5 June 1305 to his death in 1314 . He is remembered for suppressing the order of the Knights Templar and allowing the execution of many of its members , and as the Pope who moved the Papacy from Rome to Avignon , ushering in the period known as the Avignon Papacy ." } ] }, { "value": "Gaillard de la Mothe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaillard_de_la_Mothe", "summary": "Gaillard de La Mothe ( also spelled de La Motte , de LaMotte , della Motta ) was a fourteenth-century prelate and Cardinal , of Gascon extraction . Gaillard was born towards the end of the 13th century , either in Toulouse or Bordeaux , and died in Avignon on 20 December 1356 . He was the son of Amanieu Levieux de La Motte , seigneur de Langon et de Rochetaillé . His mother was Elips ( Alix ) de Got , daughter of Arnaud-Garsale de Got , brother of Bertrand de Got . He was therefore a nephew of Pope Clement V ( Bertrand de Got ) . Gaillard had a brother , Bertrand . Another uncle , his father 's brother , Guillaume de la Mothe , was Bishop of Bazas from 1303-1313 , when he was transferred to Saintes , and again from 1318 to 1319 ." } ] }, { "value": "Deacon of S. Lucia in Silice", "urls": [] }, { "value": "17 December 1316", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Giovanni Colonna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giovanni_Colonna_(1295-1348)", "summary": "Giovanni Colonna ( 1295 , Arezzo , Tuscany , Italy - 3 July 1348 , Avignon , France ) was a Roman Catholic cardinal during the Avignon papacy and was a scion of the famous Colonna family that played an important role in Italian history ." } ] }, { "value": "Deacon of S. Angelo in Pescheria", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18 December 1327", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John XXII", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Cardinal electors", "section_text": "Pope Benedict XII died at Avignon on 25 April 1342 . At the time of his death , there were nineteen Cardinals in the Sacred College , of whom seventeen participated in the subsequent conclave : [ 1 ]", "uid": "Papal_conclave,_1342_0", "intro": "The papal conclave of 1342 (5 May to 7 May) - the papal conclave convened after the death of Pope Benedict XII, it elected Cardinal Pierre Roger, who became the fourth Pope of the period of Avignon Papacy under the name Clement VI." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Alberta", "title": "List of airports in Alberta", "header": [ "Community", "Airport name", "TC LID" ], "data": [ { "value": "Acme", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Acme,_Alberta", "summary": "Acme /ˈækmiː/ is a village in south-central Alberta , Canada . It is located 83 kilometres ( 52 mi ) northeast of Calgary . It was the first village to be incorporated in Kneehill County . The name Acme is derived from the village 's railway heritage . When the Canadian Pacific Railway reached the area in 1909 , the village 's station became the most northernly stop on the company 's network . The moniker Acme ( of Greek origin , meaning 'the highest point ' ) was thus applied to the community by CPR surveyors of the day . The first train arrived July 7 , 1910 , and the village was incorporated that day as well ." } ] }, { "value": "Acme Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Acme_Airport", "summary": "Acme Airport , formerly TC LID : CEG2 , was located 3.5 nautical miles ( 6.5 km ; 4.0 mi ) south of Acme , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CEG2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Andrew", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrew,_Alberta", "summary": "Andrew is a village in central Alberta north of Vegreville . Andrew is most famous as the home of the world 's largest duck roadside attraction , part of the Giants of the Prairies . Its post office was established March 2 , 1902 . The community has the name of Andrew Whitford , an early settler ." } ] }, { "value": "Andrew Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrew_Airport", "summary": "Andrew Airport , ( TC LID : CEJ2 ) , was located 1 NM ( 1.9 km ; 1.2 mi ) northwest of Andrew , Alberta , Canada . Andrew Airport is permanently closed ." } ] }, { "value": "CEJ2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bjorgum Farm", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bjorgum Farm Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bjorgum_Farm_Airport", "summary": "Bjorgum Farm Airport , ( TC LID : CFD9 ) , was located 2 nautical miles ( 3.7 km ; 2.3 mi ) north of Bjorgum Farm , Alberta , Canada . Camrose Airport is located nearby ." } ] }, { "value": "CFD9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cadotte Lake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cadotte_Lake", "summary": "Cadotte Lake is an unincorporated community in northern Alberta , Canada within Northern Sunrise County . It is located on the northern shore of the homonymous lake , along Highway 986 , 79 km ( 49 mi ) east of Peace River and 68 km ( 42 mi ) west of the Bicentennial Highway ( Highway 88 ) . The community straddles the boundary between the Woodland Cree First Nation Reserve 226 and Northern Sunrise County . The western portion of the community , located within the reserve , is known as the Cadotte Lake Indian Settlement , while the eastern portion , located within Northern Sunrise County , is designated a hamlet . Cadotte Airport is located 2.7 km ( 1.7 mi ) east of the settlement . The community is named for the nearby lake , as is the out-flowing Cadotte River , which lends its name to the Cadotte Member of the Peace River Formation , a stratigraphical unit of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin ." } ] }, { "value": "Cadotte Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cadotte_Airport", "summary": "Cadotte Airport , ( TC LID : CEJ5 ) , was located adjacent to Cadotte Lake , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CEJ5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Calgary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calgary", "summary": "Calgary ( /ˈkælɡri/ ( listen ) ) is a city in the western Canadian province of Alberta . It is situated at the confluence of the Bow River and the Elbow River in the south of the province , in an area of foothills and prairie , about 80 km ( 50 mi ) east of the front ranges of the Canadian Rockies , roughly 299 km ( 186 mi ) south of the provincial capital of Edmonton and approximately 240 km ( 150 mi ) north of the Canada-United States border . The city anchors the south end of the Statistics Canada-defined urban area , the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 1,285,711 in 2019 , making it Alberta 's largest city . It is the third-largest municipality in Canada ( after Toronto and Montreal ) , and the largest in western Canada . Also in 2016 , Calgary had a metropolitan population of 1,392,609 , making it the fourth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada and second-largest in western Canada . Calgary 's economy includes activity in the energy , financial services , film and television , transportation and logistics , technology , manufacturing , aerospace , health and wellness , retail , and tourism sectors . The Calgary CMA is home to Canada 's second-highest number of corporate head offices among the country 's 800 largest corporations . In 2015 Calgary had the highest number of millionaires per capita of any major Canadian city . In 1988 it became the first Canadian city to host the Winter Olympic Games . The Economist Intelligence Unit ranked Calgary the most livable city in North America in both 2018 and 2019 . Calgary has been a top 5 contender for this title for the last 10 years ." } ] }, { "value": "RCAF Station Lincoln Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Calgary_air_force_stations", "summary": "Several air force stations and other establishments , many of them training facilities , operated in Calgary , Alberta , Canada from the mid-1930s to the mid-1960s ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Caroline", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Caroline,_Alberta", "summary": "Caroline /ˈkærəlaɪn/ is a village in central Alberta , Canada . It is located southwest of Red Deer . The community is named after Caroline Langley , daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Langley . The family opened the community 's original post office in 1908 ." } ] }, { "value": "Caroline Aerodrome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Caroline_Aerodrome", "summary": "Caroline Aerodrome ( TC LID : CCN3 ) was a registered aerodrome located 2 nautical miles ( 3.7 km ) northwest of Caroline , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CCN3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chinchaga Wildland Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chinchaga_Wildland_Park", "summary": "Chinchaga Wildland Park is a protected 800 km2 ( 310 sq mi ) ( 80,000 hectares ) tract of land in the 5,000 km2 ( 1,900 sq mi ) of the greater Chinchaga wilderness area in a disjunct outlier of the Foothills Natural Region of Alberta , in a remote area of northwest Alberta , Canada , about 140 kilometres ( 87 mi ) west of Manning . It was designated as a Wildlife Park in December 1999 . The greater Chinchaga area was identified in 1995 as an Environmentally Significant Area . It was designated by the Alberta Government as a protected area in 2000 , under the Special Places program . Elevations in the Park range from 650 m adjacent to the Chinchaga River to 915 m at the height of land atop Halverson Ridge . The upper course of the Chinchaga River , which forms the Park 's northern border , is a provincially Environmentally Significant Area ( ESA ) . The Park extends south to the slopes of Halverson Ridge . The only road that provides access is the Chinchaga Forestry Road , a high grade gravel road running west from the Mackenzie Highway ." } ] }, { "value": "Chinchaga Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chinchaga_Airport", "summary": "Chinchaga Airport , ( TC LID : CED2 ) , was an airport located near to Chinchaga , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CED2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Conklin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conklin,_Alberta", "summary": "Conklin is a hamlet in northern Alberta , Canada within the Regional Municipality ( R.M . ) of Wood Buffalo . It is located on Highway 881 between Fort McMurray and Lac La Biche . It lies near the west end of Christina Lake at an elevation of 575 metres ( 1,886 ft ) , and was named for John Conklin , a railroad employee . The hamlet is located in census division No . 16 and in the federal riding of Fort McMurray-Athabasca ." } ] }, { "value": "Conklin Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Conklin_Airport", "summary": "Conklin Airport , ( TC LID : CER5 ) , was an airport located serving Conklin , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CER5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cowper Lake Indian Reserve 194A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cowper_Lake_Indian_Reserve_194A", "summary": "Cowper Lake 194A is an Indian reserve of the Chipewyan Prairie First Nation in Alberta , located within the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo ." } ] }, { "value": "Cowpar Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cowpar_Airport", "summary": "Cowpar Airport , ( TC LID : CFM3 ) , was located near Cowper Lake Indian Reserve 194a , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CTM3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Didsbury", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Didsbury,_Alberta", "summary": "Didsbury is a town in central Alberta , Canada , at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains . It is located next to Alberta Highway 2A , near the Queen Elizabeth II Highway . Didsbury is within the Calgary-Edmonton corridor . Didsbury is approximately the half-way point between the cities of Calgary and Red Deer . Didsbury is surrounded by Mountain View County , which has its municipal office located to the north of the town . The nearest neighbouring communities are the towns of Olds to the north and Carstairs to the south ." } ] }, { "value": "Didsbury ( Vertical Extreme Skydiving ) Aerodrome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Didsbury_(Vertical_Extreme_Skydiving)_Aerodrome", "summary": "Didsbury ( Vertical Extreme Skydiving ) Aerodrome ( TC LID : CDV4 ) was located 2 nautical miles ( 3.7 km ; 2.3 mi ) south southeast of Didsbury , Alberta , Canada . This airport was in the 1990s used by the Canadian Skydiving Centre . Vertical Extreme Skydiving has moved to Vulcan , Alberta . Briefly , Vertical Extreme Skydiving had reopened the airport for use as Didsbury ( Vertical Extreme Skydiving ) Aerodrome prior to their move . Currently the airport is listed as abandoned ." } ] }, { "value": "CDV4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Edmonton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmonton", "summary": "Edmonton ( /ˈɛdməntən/ ( listen ) ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta . Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region , which is surrounded by Alberta 's central region . The city anchors the north end of what Statistics Canada defines as the Calgary-Edmonton Corridor . The city had a population of 932,546 in 2016 , making it Alberta 's second-largest city and Canada 's fifth-largest municipality . Also in 2016 , Edmonton had a metropolitan population of 1,321,426 , making it the sixth-largest census metropolitan area ( CMA ) in Canada . Edmonton is North America 's northernmost metropolitan area with a population over one million . A resident of Edmonton is known as an Edmontonian . Edmonton 's historic growth has been facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities ( Strathcona , North Edmonton , West Edmonton , Beverly and Jasper Place ) in addition to a series of annexations through 1982 , and the annexation of 8,260 ha ( 82.6 km2 ) of land from Leduc County and the city of Beaumont on January 1 , 2019 . Known as the Gateway to the North , the city is a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories . Edmonton is a cultural , governmental and educational centre . It hosts a year-round slate of festivals , reflected in the nickname Canada 's Festival City . It is home to North America 's largest mall , West Edmonton Mall ( the world 's largest mall from 1981 until 2004 ) , and Fort Edmonton Park , Canada 's largest living history museum ." } ] }, { "value": "Edmonton City Centre ( Blatchford Field ) Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Edmonton_City_Centre_(Blatchford_Field)_Airport", "summary": "Edmonton City Centre Airport ( ECCA ) , also called Blatchford Field as well as Edmonton Municipal Airport , was an airport within the city of Edmonton , in Alberta , Canada . It was bordered by Yellowhead Trail to the north , Kingsway to the south , 121 Street to the west , and the Northern Alberta Institute of Technology ( NAIT ) and Jefferson armouries to the east . It encompassed approximately 144 acres ( 58 ha ) of land just north of the city centre of Edmonton . The airport was originally called Blatchford Field , named for former mayor Kenneth Alexander Blatchford . It later was known as the Edmonton Municipal Airport , then as Edmonton Industrial Airport , and then Edmonton City Centre Airport ( ECCA ) , finally ending as Blatchford Field at Edmonton City Centre Airport . Over the years , the three letter code YXD ( IATA : YXD , ICAO : CYXD ) continued to be used for the airport by all of the airlines serving the airfield . The airport was closed in November 2013 , and as of 2018 [ update ] , the land is being redeveloped by the City of Edmonton as a planned community called Blatchford ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Embarras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Embarras,_Alberta", "summary": "Embarras is a locality in Yellowhead County , Alberta , Canada . It takes its name from the Embarras River . 'Embarrass ' is French for 'barrier ' , probably in reference to the piles of driftwood that often clog the shallow , winding river ." } ] }, { "value": "Embarras Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Embarras_Airport", "summary": "Embarrass Airport , formerly TC LID : CFN4 , was located 34 nautical miles ( 63 km ; 39 mi ) south of Embarras , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CFN4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fontas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/County_of_Northern_Lights", "summary": "The County of Northern Lights is a municipal district in northwest Alberta , Canada . Located in Census Division 17 , its municipal office is located in the Town of Manning . The municipality recently changed its name from the Municipal District ( M.D . ) of Northern Lights No . 22 to the County of Northern Lights . The Province of Alberta officially approved the name change on February 3 , 2010 . On April 1 , 1995 , the M.D . of Northern Lights No . 22 was formed through the incorporation of the former Improvement District No . 22 as a municipal district ." } ] }, { "value": "Fontas Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fontas_Airport", "summary": "Fontas Airport , ( TC LID : CFK3 ) , was located 1.8 nautical miles ( 3.3 km ; 2.1 mi ) northeast of Fontas , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CFK3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Forestburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forestburg,_Alberta", "summary": "Forestburg is a village located in east-central Alberta , Canada . The rich farmland of the area was first settled in 1905 . Soon after the first of many gopher hole mines , homesteaders were soon coal mining on the banks of the Battle River in 1907 . The site was surveyed in 1919 after the Canadian Northern Railway arrived in 1916 , and Forestburg was incorporated into a village . Today Forestburg 's economy is based on agriculture , coal mining , oil and gas activity , and power generation . With approximately 75 businesses , the rate of employment is good . Forestburg has a good variety of retail and services , with major employment by Atco Power Ltd. and Westmoreland Coal . The village is the headquarters of the Battle River Railway , a co-operative railway established in 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Forestburg Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forestburg_Airport", "summary": "Forestburg Airport , formerly TC LID : CEF6 , is located 0.5 nautical miles ( 0.93 km ; 0.58 mi ) southwest of Forestburg , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CEF6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Chipewyan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan", "summary": "Fort Chipewyan /ˈtʃɪpəwaɪən , -pwaɪ-/ , commonly referred to as Fort Chip , is a hamlet in northern Alberta , Canada , within the Regional Municipality ( RM ) of Wood Buffalo . It is located on the western tip of Lake Athabasca , adjacent to Wood Buffalo National Park , approximately 223 kilometres ( 139 mi ) north of Fort McMurray ." } ] }, { "value": "Fort Chipewyan/Small Lake Water Aerodrome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Chipewyan/Small_Lake_Water_Aerodrome", "summary": "Fort Chipewyan/Small Lake Water Aerodrome , ( TC LID : CEM7 ) , was located 2 nautical miles ( 3.7 km ; 2.3 mi ) northeast of Fort Chipewyan , Alberta , Canada . The airport was listed as abandoned in the 15 March 2007 Canada Flight Supplement ." } ] }, { "value": "CEM7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Macleod", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Macleod", "summary": "Fort Macleod , originally named Macleod , is a town in the southwest of the province of Alberta , Canada . It was founded as a North-West Mounted Police barracks , and is named in honour of the North-West Mounted Police Colonel James Macleod . It was known as the Town of Macleod between 1892 and 1912 ." } ] }, { "value": "RCAF Station Pearce", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RCAF_Station_Pearce", "summary": "RCAF Station Pearce or RCAF Aerodrome Pearce or BCATP Station Pearce , was a Second World War training air station of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan ( BCATP ) . It was located northeast of Fort Macleod , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fort Smith , Northwest Territories", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fort_Smith,_Northwest_Territories", "summary": "Fort Smith ( Chipewyan : Thebacha beside the rapids ) is a town in the South Slave Region of the Northwest Territories ( NWT ) , Canada . It is located in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territories , on the Slave River and adjacent to the Northwest Territories/Alberta border ." } ] }, { "value": "Fitzgerald ( Fort Smith ) Water Aerodrome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fitzgerald_(Fort_Smith)_Water_Aerodrome", "summary": "Fitzgerald ( Fort Smith ) Water Aerodrome , ( TC LID : CEJ7 ) , was located adjacent to Fort Smith , Northwest Territories , Canada , across the Alberta border . The airport was listed as abandoned in the 15 March 2007 Canada Flight Supplement ." } ] }, { "value": "CEJ7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grande Cache", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grande_Cache", "summary": "Grande Cache is a hamlet within and administered by the Municipal District of Greenview No . 16 in west-central Alberta , Canada . It is located on Highway 40 approximately 145 kilometres ( 90 mi ) northwest of Hinton and 435 kilometres ( 270 mi ) west of Edmonton . Grande Cache overlooks the Smoky River , is at the northern edge of Alberta 's Rockies , and serves as the gateway to the Willmore Wilderness Park . The hamlet held town status prior to 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "Grande Cache Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grande_Cache_Airport", "summary": "Grande Cache Airport , ( IATA : YGC , TC LID : CEQ5 ) , was located 9 nautical miles ( 17 km ; 10 mi ) east of Grande Cache , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CEQ5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grist Lake", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Grist Lake Airport", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Grist_Lake_Airport", "summary": "Grist Lake Airport , ( TC LID : CFY2 ) , was located next to Grist Lake , Alberta , Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "CFY2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hamburg ( oil field )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hamburg_(oil_field)", "summary": "The Hamburg oil field is a remote area in north-western Alberta , Canada , with intensive exploration and production of oil and gas . The closest town is Manning , at 180 km east . Drilling activity is especially intensive during the winter months , when the otherwise soft muskeg can be crossed on winter roads . Among the companies that have a large interest in the area are Devon Energy , Apache Corporation , and Occidental Petroleum ." } ] }, { "value": "Hamburg Aerodrome", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hamburg_Aerodrome", "summary": "Hamburg Aerodrome , ( TC LID : CFM5 ) , was located in the Hamburg area , on the Chinchaga Forestry Road in north-western Alberta , Canada . The airport was built and owned by Apache Canada Corporation but was later maintained and operated by Canadian Natural Resources Limited . The Hamburg Open Camp ( providing lodging and auto fuel ) is located just north of the airstrip ." } ] }, { "value": "CFM5", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Defunct airports", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_airports_in_Alberta_1", "intro": "This is a complete list of airports, water aerodromes and heliports in the Canadian province of Alberta." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014", "title": "List of Malaysian football transfers 2014", "header": [ "Position", "Player", "To club", "Fee" ], "data": [ { "value": "GK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)", "summary": "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Farizal Marlias", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Farizal_Marlias", "summary": "Mohd Farizal bin Marlias ( born 29 June 1986 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Johor Darul Ta'zim . He was a member of the Malaysian national team and also the Malaysian Pre-Olympic squad ." } ] }, { "value": "Selangor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Selangor_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ST", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(association_football)", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Abdul Hadi Yahya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Yahya", "summary": "Abdul Hadi Bin Yahya ( born 6 March 1985 in Klang , Selangor ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a forward . He is well known for his prolific goalscoring ability which he shown continuously in the domestic league . He previously played for PBDKT T-Team FC during the 2010/11 Malaysian Super League season , Kuala Lumpur FA during the 2009/10 season , and PKNS FC during the 2007/2008 . Prior to that , he played with Selangor FA from 2005-2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "Selangor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Selangor_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Manager", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Manager_(association_football)", "summary": "In association football , a manager is an occupation of head coach in the United Kingdom responsible for running a football club or a national team . Outside the British Isles and across most of Europe , a title of head coach or coach is predominant ." } ] }, { "value": "Mohd Azraai Khor Abdullah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mohd_Azraai_Khor_Abdullah", "summary": "Mohd Azraai Khor Bin Abdullah , formerly known as Khor Sek Leng , ( Chinese : 许锡龙 ; pinyin : Xu Xi Long ; born 25 October 1952 ) is a Malaysia football coach and former player . Azraai , whom one of the most successful coach in Malaysia when he considered to be one of the best football coaches and he has also won more trophies than any other coaches in the history of Malaysian football especially when he brought Kedah FA to be a legendary football team in Malaysia when they crowned as a double treble champion - a champion for all three major football competitions ." } ] }, { "value": "T-Team", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/T-Team_F.C.", "summary": "The club was founded on 14 July 2006 as T-Team . The club was formed after Football Association of Kuala Terengganu District decided to send a football team to compete in Malaysian League as T-Team . They competed in 2008 Malaysia FAM League and achieved promotion to Malaysia Premier League for 2009 season . The club was then also promoted to Malaysia Super League after just one season in second division and then competed in 2010 Malaysia Super League . The club was further rebranded as T-Team Titans to gather local support . The team quickly gained popularity among the local football fans as everyone 's favourite underdog . As the team kept surpassing the pundits ' and supporters ' expectations season after season they also showed that they were more than capable of competing and beating Malaysia 's heavyweights ( JDT , Pahang and Kedah ) even with their tight budget and often young squad ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defender_(association_football)", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Rafael Souza Silva Novais", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rafael_Souza_Silva_Novais", "summary": "Rafael Souza Silva Novais is a Brazilian footballer . Rafaiel is described as a 'towering defender ' ." } ] }, { "value": "PDRM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/PDRM_FA", "summary": "Royal Malaysia Police Football Association or simply known as Royal Police is an association football club associated with the entity of the Royal Malaysia Police , who play in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division of Malaysian football . The team is based in Kuala Lumpur . Domestically , Royal Police has won the Malaysia Premier League , the second tier of Malaysian football in 2006-07 and 2014 . They also won the People of Maldives Invitational Cup in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ST", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Forward_(association_football)", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Paulo Rangel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paulo_Rangel", "summary": "Paulo Artur dos Santos Castro de Campos Rangel ( born 18 February 1968 in Vila Nova de Gaia ) is a Portuguese jurist and politician , vice-president of the European People 's Party ." } ] }, { "value": "Selangor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Selangor_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ML", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Muhd Rafiuddin Rodin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Muhd_Rafiuddin_Rodin", "summary": "Muhammad Rafiuddin bin Roddin ( born 22 August 1989 in Tawau ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Malaysia Super League club Perak as a midfielder ." } ] }, { "value": "Penang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Penang_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976" } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)", "summary": "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Khairul Amri Salehuddin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khairul_Amri_Salehuddin", "summary": "Khairul Amri bin Salehuddin ( born 22 December 1989 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Perak in Malaysia Super League ." } ] }, { "value": "Penang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Penang_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976" } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defender_(association_football)", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "V. Thirumurugan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/V._Thirumurugan", "summary": "Thirumurugan Veeran ( born on 9 January 1983 ) , also known as V. Thirumurugan , is a Malaysian footballer who currently plays as a defender for Perlis FA . He is a member of the Malaysia national football team . He made his national début at the 2005 Manila Sea Games , which Malaysia won the bronze medal in the football event . He then made his senior debut against New Zealand on 19 February 2006 . He previously played for Perak , but was not retained for the 2007 season . This paved the way for him to rejoin his home team , Kedah . He played with Kedah for six seasons , before returning to Perak for the 2013 season . For the 2014 season , he joined PDRM FA ." } ] }, { "value": "PDRM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/PDRM_FA", "summary": "Royal Malaysia Police Football Association or simply known as Royal Police is an association football club associated with the entity of the Royal Malaysia Police , who play in the Malaysia Premier League , the second division of Malaysian football . The team is based in Kuala Lumpur . Domestically , Royal Police has won the Malaysia Premier League , the second tier of Malaysian football in 2006-07 and 2014 . They also won the People of Maldives Invitational Cup in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DRC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defender_(association_football)", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Shahrom Kalam", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shahrom_Kalam", "summary": "Muhammad Shahrom bin Abdul Kalam ( born 15 September 1985 ) is a Malaysian footballer who plays for Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia Premier League . He plays mainly as a centre-back but can also play as a right back ." } ] }, { "value": "Selangor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Selangor_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Selangor ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Selangor ) , commonly referred to as FA Selangor is a Malaysian professional football club based in the city of Shah Alam and competes in the Malaysia Super League , the top division of Malaysian football . Founded in 1936 as Football Association of Selangor ( FAS ) and the association start build its football development by forming the professional football team and known as FA Selangor . It currently plays their home games in the 80,372-capacity Shah Alam Stadium . Selangor is the most successful club in Malaysia , in terms of overall titles won . Domestically , Selangor have won a record 6 times Malaysia top division league champion which include 2 Super League titles that currently plays , 5 FA Cups champion , 33 Malaysia Cups champion and 8 Charity Cups titles . Beside that , Selangor also have won 2 times Premier League titles and between 1953 to 1973 , 7 FAM Cups titles where FAM Cup as a secondary knockout competition between teams only after Malaysia Cup . Selangor also the first club to qualified and enter the highest Asian continental tournament , Asian Club Championship and becoming the runner-up in 1967 , the first edition of the Asian top-flight continental club tournament , which is later branded as the AFC Champions League in 2002 . In a season of 1997 , 2005 and 2009 were the most successful years for Selangor . In 1997 season , the club won three trophies FA Cup , Malaysia Cup and Charity Cup and runner-up for the Agong 's Cup under the coach Steve Wicks . In 2005 season , the team won three trophies Premier League , FA Cup and Malaysia Cup under the coaching of Dollah Salleh while in 2009 season , the head coach , K. Devan leads the team winning three trophies Super League , FA Cup and Charity Cup . This is the first domestic doubles for the history of the club . Among those who are responsible for the success of Selangor are the presidents : Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj , Harun Idris , Mohd ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AMR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Yong Kuong Yong", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yong_Kuong_Yong", "summary": "Yong Kuong Yong ( born 18 September 1988 in Port Dickson ) is a Malaysian footballer . He is currently playing for CRC Penang in Tanjung Cup . He can play as a full back , centre back , central midfielder and occasionally as a striker ." } ] }, { "value": "Penang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Penang_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Penang ( or simply known as FA Penang ) is a Malaysian association football club based in George Town , Penang that currently plays in the Malaysia Premier League . Unofficially founded in 1920 , officially as Football Association of Penang on 21 October 1921 , the club represents the state of Penang in football tournaments . The team has traditionally worn a blue home kit . They have a long-standing rivalry with Kedah ; the two teams from the northern region of Malaysia being engaged in what has been collectively known as the Northern Region Derby . The state football team play their home matches at the 20,000 capacity City Stadium in George Town . Penang had established itself as a major force in Malaysian football between the 1950s to the 1970s . Domestically , Penang has won a record of 3 Division 1 titles , 4 Malaysia Cup titles , 5 Malaysia FAM League titles , 1 Malaysia FA Cup title and 1 Malaysia Charity Shield . At present , it is one of the 12 teams competing in the Malaysian Premier League and the first club from Malaysia won Asian title Aga Khan Gold Cup unofficial Asian Champions ' Cup 1976" } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AMRL", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "S. Chanturu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/S._Chanturu", "summary": "Chanturu a/l Suppiah ( born 14 December 1987 ) is a Malaysian professional footballer who plays as a right winger for a Malaysia Super League club , Felda United ." } ] }, { "value": "Sarawak", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sarawak_FA", "summary": "Football Association of Sarawak ( Malay : Persatuan Bolasepak Sarawak ) is a football club that supervises football in the state of Sarawak . The association 's football team competes in Malaysia 's football league representing the state of Sarawak in Borneo . It is one of the 14 state teams of the Malaysian football structure . They currently compete in Malaysia 's second division professional football league , the Malaysia Premier League . The team 's home matches are played at the 26,000 capacity Sarawak State Stadium in Kuching , the capital city of Sarawak . The team has won the Malaysia FA Cup ( 1992 ) , Premier League in 1997 and the Malaysia Charity Shield ( 1998 ) . In 1999 , the team advanced to the quarter-finals of the Asian Cup Winners ' Cup after beating Ho Chi Minh Customs of V-League by 5-2 on aggregate in the first round and Yangon City Development of Myanmar Premier League by 4-0 on aggregate in the second round , only to crashing out later to Kashima Antlers of J-League by 2-14 on aggregate . In 2013 , the team won the Malaysia Premier League which is their first domestic trophy in 12 years ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder_(association_football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Shahrulnizam Mustapa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shahrulnizam_Mustapa", "summary": "Shahrulnizam Mustapa ( born 2 April 1981 in Ipoh , Perak ) , also known as Arul , is a retired Malaysian footballer who last played for Felcra . He formerly played for Malaysia national team ." } ] }, { "value": "Felda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Felda_United_F.C.", "summary": "FELDA United Football Club is a professional Malaysian football club based in Jengka , Pahang which is owned by Federal Land Development Authority ( FELDA ) . The club currently plays in the top division of Malaysian football , Malaysia Super League , after being crowned the 2018 Malaysia Premier League Champions to be promoted into the Super League . Known as The Fighters among the fans , FELDA United has participated in the Malaysian football league since 2007 ." } ] }, { "value": "align=right| 0", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Perak FA -- Transfers out", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Malaysian_football_transfers_2014_9", "intro": "The following is a list of transfers for the 2014 Malaysian football." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_New_England_Revolution_season", "title": "2011 New England Revolution season", "header": [ "No", "Pos", "Name", "MS", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)", "summary": "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Matt Reis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matt_Reis", "summary": "Matt Reis ( /riːs/ ; born March 28 , 1975 ) is an American former soccer player and coach who played as a goalkeeper . A long-time Major League Soccer mainstay , he has served as goalkeeper coach for LA Galaxy and the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bobby Shuttleworth has 3 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bobby_Shuttleworth", "summary": "Robert Bobby Shuttleworth ( born May 13 , 1987 ) is an American soccer player who currenrly plays for Chicago Fire in Major League Soccer ." } ] }, { "value": "30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Right_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Kevin Alston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Alston", "summary": "Kevin Lawrence Alston ( born May 5 , 1988 ) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Orange County SC in the USL Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darius Barnes has 11 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darius_Barnes", "summary": "This is a list of New York City Ballet dancers ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Ryan Cochrane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_Cochrane_(soccer)", "summary": "Ryan Cochrane ( born August 8 , 1983 ) is a retired American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Franco Coria has 9 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Franco_Coria", "summary": "Franco Coria ( born July 8 , 1988 in Los Toldos ) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays as a defender for Instituto ACC ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "A. J. Soares", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A._J._Soares", "summary": "Anthony James A.J . Soares ( born November 28 , 1988 ) is an American retired soccer player who played as a defender for Orange County Blue Star , New England Revolution , Viking and AGF ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Left_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Didier Domi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Didier_Domi", "summary": "Didier Arsène Marcel Domi ( born 2 May 1978 ) is a French former professional footballer who played as a left-back ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chris Tierney has 2 start", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Tierney", "summary": "Christopher Wheeler Tierney ( born January 9 , 1986 ) is a retired American soccer player . He spent his entire 11-year career in Major League Soccer with the New England Revolution , primarily as a defender . Tierney scored 13 goals , including one at MLS Cup 2014 , and contributed 40 assists in 245 appearances ." } ] }, { "value": "26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephen McCarthy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephen_McCarthy_(soccer)", "summary": "Stephen Michael McCarthy ( born July 21 , 1988 in Honolulu , Hawaii ) is a former American soccer player who previously played for San Antonio FC ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Benny Feilhaber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benny_Feilhaber", "summary": "Benny Feilhaber ( /ˈfeɪlhɑːbər/ ; born January 19 , 1985 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pat Phelan has 10 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pat_Phelan_(soccer)", "summary": "Pat Phelan ( born January 16 , 1985 in Houston , Texas ) is an American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Shalrie Joseph", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shalrie_Joseph", "summary": "Shalrie Jamal Joseph ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is a Grenadian former footballer who is currently the head coach of the Grenada national football team ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zak Boggs has 14 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zak_Boggs", "summary": "Zak Devin Boggs ( born December 25 , 1986 , in Marietta , Ohio ) is an American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Right_winger_(football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Marko Perovic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marko_Perović_(footballer_born_1984)", "summary": "Marko Perović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Марко Перовић , pronounced [ mâːrko pěroʋitɕ ] ; born 11 January 1984 ) is a retired Serbian footballer who currently the assistant coach of Guangzhou R & F Reserves ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenny Mansally has 12 start", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenny_Mansally", "summary": "Abdoulie Kenny Mansally ( born 27 January 1989 ) is a Gambian footballer who currently plays for Charlotte Independence in the USL Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Left_winger_(football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Zack Schilawski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zack_Schilawski", "summary": "Zack Schilawski ( born April 15 , 1987 in Raleigh , North Carolina ) is an American former soccer player who last played for Carolina RailHawks in the North American Soccer League ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sainey Nyassi has 15 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sainey_Nyassi", "summary": "Sainey Nyassi ( born January 31 , 1989 ) is a Gambian professional footballer who most recently played for FC Edmonton in the NASL ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_forward", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajko Lekic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajko_Lekic", "summary": "Radivoje Rajko Lekić ( born July 3 , 1981 in Copenhagen ) is a Danish footballer who currently plays for Ballerup-Skovlunde as a playing forward coach . He has played for New England Revolution , B 93 , BK Avarta , Herfølge BK , Fremad Amager , Silkeborg IF , Odense BK , Lyngby BK and Esbjerg fB in Denmark , as well as Spanish club Xerez CD and Hungarian Zalaegerszegi TE . Lekić is of Montenegrin descent but was born and raised in Denmark ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "2011_New_England_Revolution_season_1", "intro": "The 2011 New England Revolution season was the sixteenth season of the team's existence, all in Major League Soccer. The regular season began on March 20, 2011 at Los Angeles Galaxy and concluded on October 22, 2011 at Toronto FC. New England's first league home game was March 26 against D.C. United." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_French-language_films", "title": "List of French-language films", "header": [ "Year", "French title", "English title", "Directed by" ], "data": [ { "value": "1922", "urls": [] }, { "value": "La Belle au Bois Dormant", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stéphane Passet", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1924", "urls": [] }, { "value": "L'heureuse Mort [ fr ]", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Happy Death", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Serge Nadejdine [ fr ]", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1924", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Âme d'artiste", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heart_of_an_Actress", "summary": "Heart of an Actress ( French : Âme d'artiste ) is a 1924 French silent drama film directed by Germaine Dulac and starring Iván Petrovich , Nicolas Koline and Mabel Poulton . Poulton had almost been cast in Abel Gance 's Napoleon , but after being turned down she appeared in this film before returning to Britain ." } ] }, { "value": "Heart of an Actress", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Heart_of_an_Actress", "summary": "Heart of an Actress ( French : Âme d'artiste ) is a 1924 French silent drama film directed by Germaine Dulac and starring Iván Petrovich , Nicolas Koline and Mabel Poulton . Poulton had almost been cast in Abel Gance 's Napoleon , but after being turned down she appeared in this film before returning to Britain ." } ] }, { "value": "Germaine Dulac", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Germaine_Dulac", "summary": "Germaine Dulac ( French : [ dylak ] ; born Charlotte Elisabeth Germaine Saisset-Schneider ; 17 November 1882 - 20 July 1942 ) was a French filmmaker , film theorist , journalist and critic . She was born in Amiens and moved to Paris in early childhood . A few years after her marriage she embarked on a journalistic career in a feminist magazine , and later became interested in film . With the help of her husband and friend she founded a film company and directed a few commercial works before slowly moving into Impressionist and Surrealist territory . She is best known today for her Impressionist film , La Souriante Madame Beudet ( The Smiling Madam Beudet , 1922/23 ) , and her Surrealist experiment , La Coquille et le Clergyman ( The Seashell and the Clergyman , 1928 ) . Her career as filmmaker suffered after the introduction of sound film and she spent the last decade of her life working on newsreels for Pathé and Gaumont ." } ] }, { "value": "1925", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Visages d'enfants", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Faces_of_Children", "summary": "Faces of Children ( French : Visages d'enfants ) is a 1925 French-Swiss silent film directed by Jacques Feyder . It tells the story of a young boy whose mother has died and the resentments which develop when his father remarries . It was a notable example of film realism in the silent era , and its psychological drama was integrated with the natural landscapes of Switzerland where much of the film was made on location ." } ] }, { "value": "Faces of Children ; Mother ( UK )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Faces_of_Children", "summary": "Faces of Children ( French : Visages d'enfants ) is a 1925 French-Swiss silent film directed by Jacques Feyder . It tells the story of a young boy whose mother has died and the resentments which develop when his father remarries . It was a notable example of film realism in the silent era , and its psychological drama was integrated with the natural landscapes of Switzerland where much of the film was made on location ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Faces_of_Children", "summary": "Faces of Children ( French : Visages d'enfants ) is a 1925 French-Swiss silent film directed by Jacques Feyder . It tells the story of a young boy whose mother has died and the resentments which develop when his father remarries . It was a notable example of film realism in the silent era , and its psychological drama was integrated with the natural landscapes of Switzerland where much of the film was made on location ." } ] }, { "value": "Jacques Feyder", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jacques_Feyder", "summary": "Jacques Feyder ( French : [ fɛ.dɛʁ ] ; 21 July 1885 - 24 May 1948 ) was a Belgian actor , screenwriter and film director who worked principally in France , but also in the US , Britain and Germany . He was a director of silent films during the 1920s , and in the 1930s he became associated with the style of poetic realism in French cinema . He adopted French nationality in 1928 ." } ] }, { "value": "1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc", "summary": "The Passion of Joan of Arc ( French : La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc ) is a 1928 silent French historical film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc . The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan . It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema , especially for its production , Dreyer 's direction and Falconetti 's performance , which is often listed as one of the finest in cinema history . The film summarizes the time that Joan of Arc was a captive of England , depicting her trial and execution . Danish film director Dreyer was invited to make a film in France by the Société Générale des Films and chose to make a film about Joan of Arc due to her renewed popularity in France . Dreyer spent over a year researching Joan of Arc and the transcripts of her trial before writing the script . Dreyer cast stage actress Falconetti as Joan in her only major film role . Falconetti 's performance and devotion to the role during filming have become legendary among film scholars . The film was shot on one huge concrete set modeled on medieval architecture in order to realistically portray the Rouen prison . The film is known for its cinematography and use of close-ups . Dreyer also did n't allow the actors to wear make-up and used lighting designs that made the actors look more grotesque . Prior to its release , the film was controversial due to French nationalists ' skepticism about whether a Danish person could direct a film that centered on one of France 's most revered historical icons ." } ] }, { "value": "The Passion of Joan of Arc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Passion_of_Joan_of_Arc", "summary": "The Passion of Joan of Arc ( French : La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc ) is a 1928 silent French historical film based on the actual record of the trial of Joan of Arc . The film was directed by Carl Theodor Dreyer and stars Renée Jeanne Falconetti as Joan . It is widely regarded as a landmark of cinema , especially for its production , Dreyer 's direction and Falconetti 's performance , which is often listed as one of the finest in cinema history . The film summarizes the time that Joan of Arc was a captive of England , depicting her trial and execution . Danish film director Dreyer was invited to make a film in France by the Société Générale des Films and chose to make a film about Joan of Arc due to her renewed popularity in France . Dreyer spent over a year researching Joan of Arc and the transcripts of her trial before writing the script . Dreyer cast stage actress Falconetti as Joan in her only major film role . Falconetti 's performance and devotion to the role during filming have become legendary among film scholars . The film was shot on one huge concrete set modeled on medieval architecture in order to realistically portray the Rouen prison . The film is known for its cinematography and use of close-ups . Dreyer also did n't allow the actors to wear make-up and used lighting designs that made the actors look more grotesque . Prior to its release , the film was controversial due to French nationalists ' skepticism about whether a Danish person could direct a film that centered on one of France 's most revered historical icons ." } ] }, { "value": "Carl Theodor Dreyer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Theodor_Dreyer", "summary": "Carl Theodor Dreyer ( Danish : [ kʰal tˢeːotoɐ̯ ˈtʁai̯ˀɐ ] ; 3 February 1889 - 20 March 1968 ) , commonly known as Carl Th . Dreyer , was a Danish film director . He is regarded by many critics and filmmakers as one of the greatest directors in cinema . His best known films include The Passion of Joan of Arc ( 1928 ) , Vampyr ( 1932 ) , Day of Wrath ( 1943 ) , Ordet ( 1955 ) , and Gertrud ( 1964 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "L'Argent", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/L'Argent", "summary": "L'Argent ( Money ) is the eighteenth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola . It was serialized in the periodical Gil Blas beginning in November 1890 before being published in novel form by Charpentier et Fasquelle in March 1891 . The novel focuses on the financial world of the Second French Empire as embodied in the Paris Bourse and exemplified by the fictional character of Aristide Saccard . Zola 's intent was to show the terrible effects of speculation and fraudulent company promotion , the culpable negligence of company directors , and the impotency of contemporary financial laws . Aristide Saccard ( b . 1815 as Aristide Rougon ) is the youngest son of Pierre and Félicité Rougon . He is first introduced in La fortune des Rougon . L'argent is a direct sequel to La curée ( published in 1871 ) , which details Saccard 's first rise to wealth using underhanded methods . Sensing his unscrupulous nature , his brother Eugène Rougon prompts Aristide to change his surname from Rougon to Saccard . Aristide 's other brother Pascal is the main character of Le docteur Pascal . He also has two sisters : Sidonie , who appears in La curée , and Marthe , one of the protagonists of La conquête de Plassans ." } ] }, { "value": "Money", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/L'Argent", "summary": "L'Argent ( Money ) is the eighteenth novel in the Rougon-Macquart series by Émile Zola . It was serialized in the periodical Gil Blas beginning in November 1890 before being published in novel form by Charpentier et Fasquelle in March 1891 . The novel focuses on the financial world of the Second French Empire as embodied in the Paris Bourse and exemplified by the fictional character of Aristide Saccard . Zola 's intent was to show the terrible effects of speculation and fraudulent company promotion , the culpable negligence of company directors , and the impotency of contemporary financial laws . Aristide Saccard ( b . 1815 as Aristide Rougon ) is the youngest son of Pierre and Félicité Rougon . He is first introduced in La fortune des Rougon . L'argent is a direct sequel to La curée ( published in 1871 ) , which details Saccard 's first rise to wealth using underhanded methods . Sensing his unscrupulous nature , his brother Eugène Rougon prompts Aristide to change his surname from Rougon to Saccard . Aristide 's other brother Pascal is the main character of Le docteur Pascal . He also has two sisters : Sidonie , who appears in La curée , and Marthe , one of the protagonists of La conquête de Plassans ." } ] }, { "value": "Marcel L'Herbier", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marcel_L'Herbier", "summary": "Marcel L'Herbier ( French : [ lɛʁbje ] ; 23 April 1888 - 26 November 1979 ) was a French filmmaker who achieved prominence as an avant-garde theorist and imaginative practitioner with a series of silent films in the 1920s . His career as a director continued until the 1950s and he made more than 40 feature films in total . During the 1950s and 1960s , he worked on cultural programmes for French television . He also fulfilled many administrative roles in the French film industry , and he was the founder and the first President of the French film school Institut des hautes études cinématographiques ( IDHEC ) ." } ] }, { "value": "1929", "urls": [] }, { "value": "L'arpète [ fr ]", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Émile-Bernard Donatien", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Émile-Bernard_Donatien", "summary": "Émile-Bernard Donatien ( 1887-1955 ) was a French actor , writer , set designer and film director . Born Emile Wessbecher to Alsatian parents in Paris , he was often credited simply as Donatien . He retired from cinema in 1932 , devoting himself to sculpting and painting . He was married to the actress Lucienne Legrand with whom he frequently worked ." } ] } ], "section_title": "1920s", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_French-language_films_2", "intro": "The following is a list of French-language films, films mostly spoken in the French language." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan", "title": "National Register of Historic Places listings in Michigan", "header": [ "", "Name on the Register", "Date listed", "Location", "City or town", "Description" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ardis Furnace", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ardis_Furnace", "summary": "The Ardis Furnace is an abandoned experimental blast furnace located at the northeast corner of Aragon and Antoine Streets ( accessible from US-2 ) in Iron Mountain , Michigan , United States . The Ardis Furnace was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1971 and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 ." } ] }, { "value": "June 29 , 1972 ( # 72000608 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aragon and Antoine Sts . 45°50′13″N 88°03′10″W / 45.836944°N 88.052778°W / 45.836944 ; -88.052778 ( Ardis Furnace )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan", "summary": "Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Dickinson County , in the state 's Upper Peninsula . Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the vicinity . Iron Mountain is the principal city of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County in Wisconsin . Iron Mountain hosts a few points of interest such as the Millie Hill bat cave , The Cornish Pump , and is located adjacent to Pine Mountain ski jump/ski resort , one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world . It shares Woodward Avenue with the neighboring town , Kingsford . In addition , Iron Mountain is known for its pasties , Bocce Ball Tournaments , World Cup Ski Jumps , and Italian cuisine . Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006 . It is one of only thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008 . It is also the hometown of Michigan State University men 's basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci ." } ] }, { "value": "In 1908 , John T. Jones built this experimental blast furnace , named the Ardis Furnace after his daughter , to test an iron extraction process he developed . The furnace as originally built was a huge rotating metal tube installed at a slight incline and held in place by a series of concrete supports . The Ardis Furnace was initially a success , but a fundamental heat problem limited its durability , and within two years Jones lost his personal fortune and the project was abandoned . Some elements of Jones 's technology were incorporated into later successful operations , but the ruins of the concrete supports are the only remnants of the Ardis furnace", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chapin_Mine_Steam_Pump_Engine", "summary": "The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine , also known as The Cornish Pump , is a steam-driven pump located at the corner of Kent Street and Kimberly Avenue in Iron Mountain , Michigan . It is still the largest reciprocating steam-driven engine ever built in the United States . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981 and designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1958 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 9 , 1981 ( # 81000305 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "300 Kent St. 45°49′30″N 88°04′12″W / 45.825°N 88.07°W / 45.825 ; -88.07 ( Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan", "summary": "Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Dickinson County , in the state 's Upper Peninsula . Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the vicinity . Iron Mountain is the principal city of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County in Wisconsin . Iron Mountain hosts a few points of interest such as the Millie Hill bat cave , The Cornish Pump , and is located adjacent to Pine Mountain ski jump/ski resort , one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world . It shares Woodward Avenue with the neighboring town , Kingsford . In addition , Iron Mountain is known for its pasties , Bocce Ball Tournaments , World Cup Ski Jumps , and Italian cuisine . Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006 . It is one of only thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008 . It is also the hometown of Michigan State University men 's basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci ." } ] }, { "value": "The Chapin Mine Steam Pump Engine , also known as The Cornish Pump , was built by the E. P. Allis Company ( now Allis-Chalmers ) in 1890-91 , and is still the largest reciprocating steam-driven engine ever built in the United States . It was use in the 1890s at the Chapin Mine D shaft , and from 1907 to 1914 at the nearby Ludington Mine C shaft . At the C shaft , the engine was connected to a series of eight pumps , the deepest of which was 1,500 feet ( 460 m ) below ground . The total capacity of the pump system was 3,400 US gallons ( 13,000 l ) per minute . The system was replaced in 1914 by electric pumps , and the Cornish Pump has served as a tourist attraction since 1934", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Allis-Chalmers", "summary": "Allis-Chalmers was a U.S. manufacturer of machinery for various industries . Its business lines included agricultural equipment , construction equipment , power generation and power transmission equipment , and machinery for use in industrial settings such as factories , flour mills , sawmills , textile mills , steel mills , refineries , mines , and ore mills . The first Allis-Chalmers Company was formed in 1901 as an amalgamation of the Edward P. Allis Company ( steam engines and mill equipment ) , Fraser & Chalmers ( mining and ore milling equipment ) , the Gates Iron Works ( rock and cement milling equipment ) , and the industrial business line of the Dickson Manufacturing Company ( engines and compressors ) . It was reorganized in 1912 as the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company . During the next 70 years its industrial machinery filled countless mills , mines , and factories around the world , and its brand gained fame among consumers mostly from its farm equipment business 's orange tractors and silver combine harvesters . In the 1980s and 1990s a series of divestitures transformed the firm and eventually dissolved it . Its successors today are Allis-Chalmers Energy and AGCO ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dickinson County Courthouse and Jail", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dickinson_County_Courthouse_and_Jail", "summary": "The Dickinson County Courthouse and Jail is an historic complex of governmental buildings located at 700 South Stephenson Avenue in Iron Mountain , Michigan . On May 15 , 1980 , the complex was added to the National Register of Historic Places ." } ] }, { "value": "May 15 , 1980 ( # 80001852 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "700 S. Stephenson Ave. 45°49′02″N 88°03′45″W / 45.817222°N 88.0625°W / 45.817222 ; -88.0625 ( Dickinson County Courthouse and Jail )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan", "summary": "Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Dickinson County , in the state 's Upper Peninsula . Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the vicinity . Iron Mountain is the principal city of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County in Wisconsin . Iron Mountain hosts a few points of interest such as the Millie Hill bat cave , The Cornish Pump , and is located adjacent to Pine Mountain ski jump/ski resort , one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world . It shares Woodward Avenue with the neighboring town , Kingsford . In addition , Iron Mountain is known for its pasties , Bocce Ball Tournaments , World Cup Ski Jumps , and Italian cuisine . Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006 . It is one of only thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008 . It is also the hometown of Michigan State University men 's basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci ." } ] }, { "value": "The Dickinson County Courthouse and Jail was built in 1896 . It is a rock faced red brick Romanesque Revival-style structure designed by architect James E. Clancy of Antigo , Wisconsin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Romanesque_Revival_architecture", "summary": "Romanesque Revival ( or Neo-Romanesque ) is a style of building employed beginning in the mid-19th century inspired by the 11th- and 12th-century Romanesque architecture . Unlike the historic Romanesque style , however , Romanesque Revival buildings tended to feature more simplified arches and windows than their historic counterparts . An early variety of Romanesque Revival style known as Rundbogenstil ( Round-arched style ) was popular in German lands and in the German diaspora beginning in the 1830s . By far the most prominent and influential American architect working in a free Romanesque manner was Henry Hobson Richardson . In the United States , the style derived from examples set by him are termed Richardsonian Romanesque , of which not all are Romanesque Revival . Romanesque Revival is also sometimes referred to as the Norman style or Lombard style , particularly in works published during the 19th century after variations of historic Romanesque that were developed by the Normans and Lombards , respectively . Like its influencing Romanesque style , the Romanesque Revival style was widely used for churches , and occasionally for synagogues such as the New Synagogue of Strasbourg built in 1898 , and the Congregation Emanu-El of New York built in 1929 . The style was quite popular for university campuses in the late 19th and early 20th century , especially in the United States and Canada ; well known examples can be found at the University of California , Los Angeles , University of Southern California , Tulane University , University of Denver , University of Toronto , and Wayne State University ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Antigo,_Wisconsin", "summary": "Antigo ( /ˈæntɪˌɡoʊ/ AN-ti-goh ) is a city in and the county seat of Langlade County , Wisconsin , United States . The population was 8,234 at the 2010 census . Antigo is the center of a farming and lumbering district , and its manufactures consist principally of lumber , chairs , furniture , sashes , doors and blinds , hubs and spokes , and other wood products ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Graved Rock Site", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Graved_Rock_Site", "summary": "The Graved Rock Site , also known as 20DK23 , is an archaeological site located near Kingsford , Michigan . The location is thought to be a ceremonial site associated with prehistoric Native Americans , and contains rock carvings . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 ." } ] }, { "value": "November 29 , 1995 ( # 95001389 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kingsford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingsford,_Michigan", "summary": "Kingsford is a city in Dickinson County in the U.S. state of Michigan , named for the developer Edward G. Kingsford . The population was 5,133 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area . M-95 connects with US 2 and US 141 just a mile or so north in Iron Mountain . The road crosses the Menominee River into Wisconsin where it continues as County Road N in Florence County ." } ] }, { "value": "The Graved Rock Site , also known as 20DK23 , is an archaeological site , thought to be a ceremonial location associated with prehistoric Native Americans . It contains rock carvings", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States", "summary": "Native Americans , also known as American Indians , Indigenous Americans and other terms , are the indigenous peoples of the United States , except Hawaii and territories of the United States . More than 570 federally recognized tribes live within the US , about half of which are associated with Indian reservations . The term American Indian excludes Native Hawaiians and some Alaskan Natives , while Native Americans ( as defined by the US Census ) are American Indians , plus Alaska Natives of all ethnicities . The US Census does not include Native Hawaiians or Chamorro , instead being included in the Census grouping of Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander . The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago , possibly much earlier , from Asia via Beringia . A vast variety of peoples , societies and cultures subsequently developed . Native Americans were greatly affected by the European colonization of the Americas , which began in 1492 , and their population declined precipitously overwhelmingly due to introduced diseases as well as warfare , including biological warfare , territorial confiscation and slavery . After its creation , the United States , as part of its policy of settler colonialism , waged war and perpetrated massacres against many Native American peoples , removed them from their ancestral lands , and subjected them to one-sided treaties and to discriminatory government policies into the 20th century . Since the 1960s , Native American self-determination movements have resulted in changes to the lives of Native Americans , though there are still many contemporary issues faced by Native Americans . Today , there are over five million Native Americans in the United States , 78% of whom live outside reservations . When the United States was created , established Native American tribes were generally considered semi-independent nations , as they generally lived in communities separate from British settlers . The federal government signed treaties at a government-to-government level until the Indian Appropriations Act of 1871 ended recognition of independent native nations , and started treating them as domestic dependent nations subject to federal law ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Immaculate Conception Church", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Immaculate_Conception_Church_(Iron_Mountain,_Michigan)", "summary": "The Immaculate Conception Church is a Catholic church in Italian Renaissance Revival style located at 500 E. Blaine Street in Iron Mountain , Michigan , US . It was designated a Michigan State Historic Site in 1979 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990 . It is also known as Mary Immaculate of Lourdes Church ." } ] }, { "value": "April 5 , 1990 ( # 90000562 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "500 E. Blaine St. 45°49′59″N 88°03′20″W / 45.833056°N 88.055556°W / 45.833056 ; -88.055556 ( Immaculate Conception Church )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan", "summary": "Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Dickinson County , in the state 's Upper Peninsula . Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the vicinity . Iron Mountain is the principal city of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County in Wisconsin . Iron Mountain hosts a few points of interest such as the Millie Hill bat cave , The Cornish Pump , and is located adjacent to Pine Mountain ski jump/ski resort , one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world . It shares Woodward Avenue with the neighboring town , Kingsford . In addition , Iron Mountain is known for its pasties , Bocce Ball Tournaments , World Cup Ski Jumps , and Italian cuisine . Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006 . It is one of only thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008 . It is also the hometown of Michigan State University men 's basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci ." } ] }, { "value": "The Immaculate Conception Church is an Italian Renaissance Revival church built in 1902 by Italian Catholics living on the north side of Iron Mountain . It was designed by parish priest Father Giovanni Sinopoli di Giunta , who also oversaw the construction of the building", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renaissance_Revival_architecture", "summary": "Renaissance Revival architecture ( sometimes referred to as Neo-Renaissance ) is a group of 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Greek Revival nor Gothic Revival but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes . Under the broad designation Renaissance architecture nineteenth-century architects and critics went beyond the architectural style which began in Florence and central Italy in the early 15th century as an expression of Renaissance humanism ; they also included styles we would identify as Mannerist or Baroque . Self-applied style designations were rife in the mid- and later nineteenth century : Neo-Renaissance might be applied by contemporaries to structures that others called Italianate , or when many French Baroque features are present ( Second Empire ) . The divergent forms of Renaissance architecture in different parts of Europe , particularly in France and Italy , has added to the difficulty of defining and recognizing Neo-Renaissance architecture . A comparison between the breadth of its source material , such as the English Wollaton Hall , Italian Palazzo Pitti , the French Château de Chambord , and the Russian Palace of Facets - all deemed Renaissance - illustrates the variety of appearances the same architectural label can take ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Catholics", "summary": "The Catholic Church , sometimes referred to as the Roman Catholic Church , is the largest Christian church , with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics worldwide as of 2017 [ update ] . As the world 's oldest and largest continuously functioning international institution , it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation . The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome , known as the pope . Its central administration is the Holy See . The Christian beliefs of Catholicism are found in the Nicene Creed . The Catholic Church teaches that it is the One , Holy , Catholic and Apostolic church founded by Jesus Christ in his Great Commission , [ note 1 ] that its bishops are the successors of Christ 's apostles , and that the pope is the successor to Saint Peter upon whom primacy was conferred by Jesus Christ . It maintains that it practises the original Christian faith , reserving infallibility , passed down by sacred tradition . The Latin Church , the twenty-three Eastern Catholic Churches , and institutes such as mendicant orders , enclosed monastic orders and third orders reflect a variety of theological and spiritual emphases in the church . Of its seven sacraments the Eucharist is the principal one , celebrated liturgically in the Mass . The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body and blood of Christ . The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Mother of God and Queen of Heaven , honoured in dogmas and devotions . Its teaching includes Divine Mercy , sanctification through faith and evangelisation of the Gospel as well as Catholic social teaching , which emphasises voluntary support for the sick , the poor , and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain Central Historic District", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain_Central_Historic_District", "summary": "The Iron Mountain Central Historic District is a historic district , broadly located between Fleshiem and C Streets and between Iron Mountain and Stockbridge Avenues in Iron Mountain , Michigan . The district covers the city 's central business district and adjacent areas . It is primarily commercial , but also contains the historic county courthouse complex , and school , library , and church buildings . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "September 25 , 2013 ( # 13000763 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Broadly Fleshiem to C St. & Iron Mountain to Stockbridge Ave. 45°49′10″N 88°04′01″W / 45.819439°N 88.066946°W / 45.819439 ; -88.066946 ( Iron Mountain Central Historic District )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Iron Mountain", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Iron_Mountain,_Michigan", "summary": "Iron Mountain is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census . It is the county seat of Dickinson County , in the state 's Upper Peninsula . Iron Mountain was named for the valuable iron ore found in the vicinity . Iron Mountain is the principal city of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area , which includes all of Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County in Wisconsin . Iron Mountain hosts a few points of interest such as the Millie Hill bat cave , The Cornish Pump , and is located adjacent to Pine Mountain ski jump/ski resort , one of the largest artificial ski jumps in the world . It shares Woodward Avenue with the neighboring town , Kingsford . In addition , Iron Mountain is known for its pasties , Bocce Ball Tournaments , World Cup Ski Jumps , and Italian cuisine . Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006 . It is one of only thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008 . It is also the hometown of Michigan State University men 's basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci ." } ] }, { "value": "This district covers the city 's central business district and adjacent areas It is primarily commercial , but also contains the historic county courthouse complex , and school , library , and church buildings", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Menominee River Park Archeological District", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Menominee_River_Park_Archeological_District", "summary": "The Menominee River Park Archeological District is an archaeological site located near Kingsford , Michigan . The location was a campsite associated with the Woodland period , and is currently used as a recreational park . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 ." } ] }, { "value": "December 7 , 1995 ( # 95001388 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted 45°47′00″N 88°05′30″W / 45.783333°N 88.091667°W / 45.783333 ; -88.091667 ( Menominee River Park Archeological District )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kingsford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingsford,_Michigan", "summary": "Kingsford is a city in Dickinson County in the U.S. state of Michigan , named for the developer Edward G. Kingsford . The population was 5,133 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area . M-95 connects with US 2 and US 141 just a mile or so north in Iron Mountain . The road crosses the Menominee River into Wisconsin where it continues as County Road N in Florence County ." } ] }, { "value": "The Menominee River Park Archeological District is an archaeological site ; the location was a campsite associated with the Woodland period , and is currently used as a recreational park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Woodland_period", "summary": "In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America , the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America , with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period , from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period . The term Woodland Period was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures . The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region , the Eastern United States , along to the Gulf of Mexico . This period is variously considered a developmental stage , a time period , a suite of technological adaptations or traits , and a family tree of cultures related to earlier Archaic cultures . It can be characterized as a chronological and cultural manifestation without any massive changes in a short time but instead having a continuous development in stone and bone tools , leather crafting , textile manufacture , cultivation , and shelter construction . Many Woodland peoples used spears and atlatls until the end of the period , when they were replaced by bows and arrows ; however , Southeastern Woodland peoples also used blowguns . The most cited technological distinction of this period was the widespread use of pottery ( although pottery manufacture had arisen during the Archaic period in some places ) , and the diversification of pottery forms , decorations , and manufacturing practices . The increasing use of horticulture and the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex , consisting of weedy seed plants as well as gourd cultivation , also meant that groups became less mobile over time and , in some times and places , people lived in permanently occupied villages and cities . Intensive agriculture characterizes the Mississippian period from c. 1000-1400 CE and may have continued up to European contact , around 500 years ago ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Up Stream Put-In Site", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Up_Stream_Put-In_Site", "summary": "The Up Stream Put-In Site , also known as 20DK27 , is an archaeological site located near Kingsford , Michigan . The location was a campsite and water access associated with both the Woodland period and historic Euro-American use . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 ." } ] }, { "value": "November 29 , 1995 ( # 95001390 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Address Restricted", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kingsford", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kingsford,_Michigan", "summary": "Kingsford is a city in Dickinson County in the U.S. state of Michigan , named for the developer Edward G. Kingsford . The population was 5,133 at the 2010 census . It is part of the Iron Mountain , MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area . M-95 connects with US 2 and US 141 just a mile or so north in Iron Mountain . The road crosses the Menominee River into Wisconsin where it continues as County Road N in Florence County ." } ] }, { "value": "The Up Stream Put-In Site , also known as 20DK27 , is an archaeological site ; the location was a campsite and water access associated with both the Woodland period and historic Euro-American use", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Woodland_period", "summary": "In the classification of archaeological cultures of North America , the Woodland period of North American pre-Columbian cultures spanned a period from roughly 1000 BCE to European contact in the eastern part of North America , with some archaeologists distinguishing the Mississippian period , from 1000 CE to European contact as a separate period . The term Woodland Period was introduced in the 1930s as a generic term for prehistoric sites falling between the Archaic hunter-gatherers and the agriculturalist Mississippian cultures . The Eastern Woodlands cultural region covers what is now eastern Canada south of the Subarctic region , the Eastern United States , along to the Gulf of Mexico . This period is variously considered a developmental stage , a time period , a suite of technological adaptations or traits , and a family tree of cultures related to earlier Archaic cultures . It can be characterized as a chronological and cultural manifestation without any massive changes in a short time but instead having a continuous development in stone and bone tools , leather crafting , textile manufacture , cultivation , and shelter construction . Many Woodland peoples used spears and atlatls until the end of the period , when they were replaced by bows and arrows ; however , Southeastern Woodland peoples also used blowguns . The most cited technological distinction of this period was the widespread use of pottery ( although pottery manufacture had arisen during the Archaic period in some places ) , and the diversification of pottery forms , decorations , and manufacturing practices . The increasing use of horticulture and the development of the Eastern Agricultural Complex , consisting of weedy seed plants as well as gourd cultivation , also meant that groups became less mobile over time and , in some times and places , people lived in permanently occupied villages and cities . Intensive agriculture characterizes the Mississippian period from c. 1000-1400 CE and may have continued up to European contact , around 500 years ago ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Upper Twin Falls Bridge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Upper_Twin_Falls_Bridge", "summary": "The Upper Twin Falls Bridge is a bridge that spans the Menominee River linking Breitung Township , Michigan , to Florence County , Wisconsin . Completed in 1910 , construction was prompted by the erection of a dam downstream . The bridge was closed to automobile traffic in 1971 . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in December 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "December 12 , 2012 ( # 12001028 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Over the Menominee River 45°52′39″N 88°04′43″W / 45.8775°N 88.0785°W / 45.8775 ; -88.0785 ( Upper Twin Falls Bridge )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Breitung Township", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Breitung_Township,_Michigan", "summary": "Breitung Charter Township is a charter township of Dickinson County in the U.S. state of Michigan . As of the 2010 census , the township population was 5,853 , slightly down from 5,930 at the 2000 census ." } ] }, { "value": "This highway bridge between Dickinson County , Michigan and Florence County , Wisconsin was built in 1910-11 because the Twin Falls Power Dam would soon flood the previous bridge . It is one of two pin-connected , camelback , through-truss bridges remaining in Wisconsin . Site of liquor inspections from 1914 to 1920 , when Michigan was dry and Wisconsin wet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Wisconsin", "summary": "This is a list of properties and districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin . There are over 2,400 listed sites in Wisconsin . Each of the state 's 72 counties has at least one listing on the National Register ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Camelback_truss", "summary": "A truss bridge is a bridge whose load-bearing superstructure is composed of a truss , a structure of connected elements usually forming triangular units . The connected elements ( typically straight ) may be stressed from tension , compression , or sometimes both in response to dynamic loads . The basic types of truss bridges shown in this article have simple designs which could be easily analyzed by 19th and early 20th-century engineers . A truss bridge is economical to construct because it uses materials efficiently ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Dickinson County", "section_text": "", "uid": "National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_Michigan_11", "intro": "This is a list of properties on the National Register of Historic Places in the U.S. state of Michigan." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allsvenskan", "title": "Allsvenskan", "header": [ "Club", "Location", "Stadium", "Capacity" ], "data": [ { "value": "AFC Eskilstuna", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eskilstuna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eskilstuna_Municipality", "summary": "Eskilstuna Municipality ( Eskilstuna kommun ) is a municipality in Södermanland County in southeast Sweden , between Lake Mälaren and Lake Hjälmaren . The seat of the municipality is in the city of Eskilstuna . The present municipality was formed in 1971 by the merger of the City of Eskilstuna , the City of Torshälla and five rural municipalities ." } ] }, { "value": "Tunavallen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tunavallen", "summary": "Tunavallen is a multi-use stadium in Eskilstuna , Sweden . It is currently used mostly for football matches . The stadium holds 7,800 seated spectators . The original stadium was one of the venues for the 1958 FIFA World Cup . It was also the venue for the replay of the Swedish bandy final in 1954 . The capacity was 22,000 spectators . In 2002 a new arena was built . This is the home ground for the football teams AFC Eskilstuna and Eskilstuna City FK ." } ] }, { "value": "7,800", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AIK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Solna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Solna", "summary": "Solna Municipality ( Swedish : Solna kommun or Solna stad , IPA : [ ˈsôːlna ] ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden , located just north of the Stockholm City Centre . Its seat is located in the town of Solna , which is a part of the Stockholm urban area . The municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm . None of the area is considered rural , which is unusual for Swedish municipalities , which normally are of mixed rural/urban character . Solna is the third smallest municipality in Sweden in terms of area . Solna borders Stockholm Municipality to the south , southeast and northwest ; to Sundbyberg Municipality to the west ; to Sollentuna Municipality to the north ; and finally to Danderyd Municipality to the northeast . The boundary with Danderyd Municipality is delineated by the Stocksundet sea strait . There are two parishes in Solna Municipality : Råsunda ( population 29,677 ) and Solna ( population 28,317 ) . Solna is divided into eight traditional parts with no administrative functions : Bergshamra , Haga , Hagalund , Huvudsta , Järva , Råsunda , Skytteholm and Ulriksdal . The largest districts are Råsunda , Hagalund and Huvudsta , with the Solna Centrum in between them . With few exceptions , Solna 's built-up areas have a suburban character , but there are also several large parks and Friends Arena , Sweden 's new national football stadium adjacent to the Solna station of Stockholm commuter rail . The final matches of both the 1958 FIFA ( men 's ) World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Women 's World Cup were played at Råsunda Stadium , the national football stadium from 1937 to 2012 ( demolished in 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Friends Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Friends_Arena", "summary": "Friends Arena , also known as Nationalarenan , is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm , Sweden . Located next to the lake Råstasjön in Solna , just north of the City Centre , it is the biggest stadium in Scandinavia . Since its opening , the venue has served as Sweden 's national stadium for men 's football , hence its name . The main tenants of the stadium are Sweden 's men 's national football team and Allsvenskan football club AIK ; both relocated from their previous home at the Råsunda Stadium . The venue has a total capacity of 65,000 at concerts and 50,000 seated at football matches , but the stadium can be scaled down to provide for smaller events with approximately 20,000 guests ." } ] }, { "value": "54,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BK Häcken", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gothenburg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gothenburg", "summary": "Gothenburg ( /ˈɡɒθənbɜːrɡ/ ( listen ) ; abbreviated Gbg ; Swedish : Göteborg [ jœtɛˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) ) is the second-largest city in Sweden , fifth-largest in the Nordic countries , and capital of the Västra Götaland County . It is situated by Kattegat , on the west coast of Sweden , and has a population of approximately 570,000 in the city proper and about 1 million inhabitants in the metropolitan area . Gothenburg was founded as a heavily fortified , primarily Dutch , trading colony , by royal charter in 1621 by King Gustavus Adolphus . In addition to the generous privileges ( e.g . tax relaxation ) given to his Dutch allies from the then-ongoing Thirty Years ' War , the king also attracted significant numbers of his German and Scottish allies to populate his only town on the western coast . At a key strategic location at the mouth of the Göta älv , where Scandinavia 's largest drainage basin enters the sea , the Port of Gothenburg is now the largest port in the Nordic countries . Gothenburg is home to many students , as the city includes the University of Gothenburg and Chalmers University of Technology . Volvo was founded in Gothenburg in 1927 . The original parent Volvo Group and the now separate Volvo Car Corporation are still headquartered on the island of Hisingen in the city . Other key companies are SKF and Astra Zeneca . Gothenburg is served by Göteborg Landvetter Airport 30 km ( 19 mi ) southeast of the city center . The smaller Göteborg City Airport , 15 km ( 9.3 mi ) from the city center , was closed to regular airline traffic in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bravida Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bravida_Arena", "summary": "Bravida Arena is an association football stadium in Gothenburg , Sweden . The project was initiated by Allsvenskan side BK Häcken and Gothenburg Municipality to build a new 6,000 to 7,000 capacity stadium in the Hisingen area of Gothenburg , Sweden ." } ] }, { "value": "6,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Djurgårdens IF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stockholm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockholm", "summary": "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ." } ] }, { "value": "Tele2 Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tele2_Arena", "summary": "Tele2 Arena ( Swedish pronunciation : [ tɛlɛˈtuː aˈrěːna , - aˈrêː- ] ) is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm Globe City , Johanneshov , just south of Stockholm City Centre , Sweden . It is used mostly for concerts and football matches , hosting the home matches of Allsvenskan teams Djurgårdens IF and Hammarby IF . The arena has a capacity of 30,000 to 35,000 spectators for football matches , depending on the number of people standing , and its facilities fulfill the requirements of FIFA and UEFA for hosting international games and tournaments . When configured for concerts , the arena has a capacity of 45,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "33,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Falkenbergs FF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Falkenberg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Falkenberg", "summary": "Falkenberg is a locality and the seat of Falkenberg Municipality , Halland County , Sweden , with 20,035 inhabitants in 2010 ( out of a municipal total of 41,000 ) . It is located at the mouth of river Ätran . The name consists of the Swedish words for falcon ( falk ) and mountain ( berg ) . Falkenberg is a popular tourist destination in the summers , and the main beach of the town is Skrea strand . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Falcon Alkoholfri Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Falcon_Alkoholfri_Arena", "summary": "Falcon Alhoholfri Arena is a football stadium in Falkenberg , Sweden . It is home to Allsvenskan club Falkenbergs FF and seats 5,500 spectators . The naming rights for the stadium are owned by Carlsberg Group , and the stadium is named after the Carlsberg-owned brand Falcon 's non-alcoholic beer ." } ] }, { "value": "5,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GIF Sundsvall", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sundsvall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sundsvall", "summary": "Sundsvall ( Swedish : [ ˈsɵ̂nː ( d ) sval ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden . It has a population of 51,354 as of 2010 ; more than 95,000 live in the municipal area ." } ] }, { "value": "Norrporten Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norrporten_Arena", "summary": "Idrottsparken , Sundsvalls idrottspark , formerly Norrporten Arena ( 2006-2016 ) , is a multi-purpose stadium in Sundsvall , Sweden . It was opened on 6 August 1903 . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of GIF Sundsvall and Sundsvalls DFF . The stadium holds 7,700 people during football matches . The stadium was expanded in 2002 and was also called Sundsvall Park Arena during concerts 2002-2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "7,700", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hammarby IF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stockholm", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tele2 Arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "33,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Helsingborgs IF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Helsingborg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Helsingborg", "summary": "Helsingborg ( /ˈhɛlsɪŋbɔːrɡ/ , US also /-bɔːr ( jə ) , -bɔːri , ˌhɛlsɪŋˈbɔːri/ , Swedish : [ hɛlsɪŋˈbɔrj ] ( listen ) , Danish : [ hɛlseŋˈpɒˀ ] ; spelled Hälsingborg between 1912 and 1970 ) is a town and the seat of Helsingborg Municipality , Scania , Sweden . It had 108,334 inhabitants in 2017 . Helsingborg is the centre of the northern part of western Scania and Sweden 's closest point to Denmark : the Danish city Helsingør is clearly visible about 4 km ( 2 mi ) to the west on the other side of the Øresund . The HH Ferry route across the sound has more than 70 car ferry departures from each harbour every day . [ citation needed ] Following the Swedish orthography reform of 1906 the spelling of many place names in Sweden was modernized . In 1912 it was decided to use the form Hälsingborg . In preparation for the local government reform in 1971 , Hälsingborg city council proposed that the new , enlarged municipality should be spelled Helsingborg ; this form was adopted by the Government of Sweden from 1 January 1971 . Historic Helsingborg , with its many old buildings , is a scenic coastal city . The buildings are a blend of old-style stone-built churches and a 600-year-old medieval fortress ( Kärnan ) in the city centre , and more modern commercial buildings . The streets vary from wide avenues to small alley-ways . Kullagatan , the main pedestrian shopping street in the city , was the first pedestrian shopping street in Sweden ." } ] }, { "value": "Olympia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olympia_(Helsingborg)", "summary": "Olympia , sometimes referred to as Olympiastadion ( English : Olympic Stadium ) , is a football stadium in Helsingborg , Sweden . It was opened in 1898 , but has been rebuilt in 1993 , 1997 and 2014-2017 , and has a capacity of 17,200 ( 9,673 seated and about 7,500 ground attendance stands ) . All stands can be converted into seaters , giving a capacity of around 13,000 ) . It is the home ground of Allsvenskan side Helsingborgs IF . On October 22 , 2014 the Helsingborg City Council , who owns Olympia , unanimously voted to renovate and rebuild the stadium . The construction will start after the 2014 Allsvenskan season and will be finished in early to mid 2017 . This will be the fourth updating of the arena since 1985 . Before 1985 the arena was in a dreadful state with athletic running tracks , wooden stands , and a very poor lighting system . The name of this arena has no actual connection to the Olympic Games , but since the modern Olympic 's started in 1896 and Olympia was opened two years later , it seems a possible thought that the name was influenced by the at the time renewed Olympic Games . The record for attendance is 26,154 and was set 14 May 1954 , when Helsingborgs IF played Malmö FF . In 1958 the stadium hosted two FIFA World Cup matches , and seven matches in FIFA Women 's World Cup 1995 . At the Helsingborgs IF matches Hey Jude by The Beatles is played during halftime and when Helsingborgs IF win a game What a Beautiful Day by The Levellers is played ." } ] }, { "value": "16,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "IF Elfsborg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Borås", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Borås", "summary": "Borås ( UK : /bʊˈrɔːs/ buu-RAWSS , US : /buːˈrɔːs , buːˈroʊs/ boo-RAWSS , boo-ROHSS , Swedish : [ bʊˈroːs ] ( listen ) ) is a city ( officially , a locality ) and the seat of Borås Municipality , Västra Götaland County , Sweden . It had 66,273 inhabitants in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Borås Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Borås_Arena", "summary": "The Borås Arena is a football stadium in Borås , Sweden . It is the home ground of IF Elfsborg and Norrby IF and was opened in 2005 . Borås Arena has an artificial turf pitch , GreenFields MX by GreenFields , and has a capacity of 14,500-17,800 depending on usage . Both clubs presently using the stadium previously had Ryavallen as their home ground . Until recently it was the only stadium in Allsvenskan built in the last 40 years . The arena is located in Knalleland and is very close to the newly built athletics hall Ryahallen . The first game at Borås Arena was IF Elfsborg vs Örgryte IS on 17 April 2005 in the top Swedish league , Allsvenskan . The game ended in a 1-0 victory for Elfsborg , Daniel Mobaeck scoring the goal . The current record attendance is 17,070 and was set 4 July 2005 in a game between IF Elfsborg and Kalmar FF which marked the return of both Anders Svensson and Mathias Svensson . The stadium was originally scheduled to be a tournament site for the 2009 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship , but a sponsorship conflict with Max fast food chain 's location at the stadium and official UEFA sponsor McDonald 's , plus a contractual requirement for official sponsors to have a monopoly over the stadium 's area , and a refusal to close the restaurant led to it losing its status as a site for the tournament . Borås Arena did n't only open a new era for IF Elfsborg but also for other clubs in Allsvenskan , Elfsborg was the first club to build a new arena owned by their investment company . Many other clubs have built new arenas copying the model Elfsborg set up , trying to own their arena which gives big economic resources ." } ] }, { "value": "16,899", "urls": [] }, { "value": "IFK Göteborg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gothenburg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gamla Ullevi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gamla_Ullevi", "summary": "Gamla Ullevi ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈɡâmːla ˈɵ̂lːɛˌviː ] ) is a football stadium in Gothenburg , Sweden , that opened on 5 April 2009 . The stadium replaced the city 's previous main football stadium , also called Gamla Ullevi , and is the home ground of GAIS , IFK Göteborg and Örgryte IS . It is also the national stadium for the Sweden women 's national football team . The new stadium was built on the ground of the now-demolished old stadium . The construction of the stadium was surrounded by controversy , regarding the cost of the project , the alleged low standard of the finished stadium , as well as its name . The first competitive match at the stadium on 5 April 2009 was also a derby between Örgryte IS and GAIS , attracting 17,531 spectators . The current attendance record of 18,276 was , however , set about a week later when IFK Göteborg played their first game at Gamla Ullevi against Djurgårdens IF ." } ] }, { "value": "18,900", "urls": [] }, { "value": "IFK Norrköping", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norrköping", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norrköping", "summary": "Norrköping ( /ˈnɔːrtʃɜːpɪŋ/ ; Swedish : [ ˈnɔ̂rːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the province of Östergötland in eastern Sweden and the seat of Norrköping Municipality , Östergötland County , about 160 km southwest of the national capital Stockholm . The city has a population of 95,618 inhabitants in 2016 , out of a municipal total of 130,050 , making it Sweden 's tenth largest city and eighth largest municipality . The city is situated by the mouth of the river Motala ström , at Bråviken , an inlet of the Baltic Sea . Water power from the Motala ström and the good harbour were factors that facilitated the rapid growth of this once industrial city , known for its textile industry . It has several nicknames such as : Sweden 's Manchester , Peking and Surbullestan ( Surbulle [ sour bun ] was a local nickname for the textile workers , and stan is short for Staden , which means The City or The Town in Swedish ) . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Östgötaporten", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Östgötaporten", "summary": "Nya Parken , formerly known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , also known as Östgötaporten for sponsorship reasons , is a multi-purpose stadium in Norrköping , Sweden . It opened in 1903 and is currently used mostly for football matches . It is the home arena for IFK Norrköping , IK Sleipner and for IF Sylvia . The stadium had a capacity of 19,414 people until 2008-09 when the arena was re-built . During the 1958 FIFA World Cup , it hosted some group stage matches . During the Euro 1992 , it hosted CIS - Germany ( 1-1 ) , Scotland - Germany ( 0-2 ) and Scotland - CIS ( 3-0 ) , all in Group B . In 2008-2009 the arena was rebuilt . The arena now uses Artificial grass and the capacity has decreased from 19,414 to 17,234 spectators . The new arena hosts 16 VIP booths , VIP seating for 515 spectators , three bars , two restaurants and small indoor training arena called Teknikhallen . IFK Norrköping took over the ownership of the arena in 2010 from the city council of Norrköping in a 308.5 million SEK purchase . From its opening in 1904 until its renovation in 2009 , the arena had been known as Norrköpings Idrottspark , but after the renovation the name was changed to Nya Parken . In 2016 , the arena changed name for the third time in its history ." } ] }, { "value": "15,734", "urls": [] }, { "value": "IK Sirius", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uppsala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uppsala", "summary": "Uppsala ( /ˈʊpsɑːlə , ˈʌp-/ , also US : /-sələ , ˈuːpsɑːlə , ʊpˈsɑːlə/ or all ending in /-sɑːlɑː/ , Swedish : [ ˈɵ̂pːˌsɑːla ] ( listen ) ; archaically spelled Upsala ) is the capital of Uppsala County and the fourth-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm , Gothenburg , and Malmö . It had 168,096 inhabitants in 2017 . Located 71 km ( 44 mi ) north of the capital Stockholm it is also the seat of Uppsala Municipality . Since 1164 , Uppsala has been the ecclesiastical centre of Sweden , being the seat of the Archbishop of the Church of Sweden . Uppsala is home to Scandinavia 's largest cathedral - Uppsala Cathedral . Founded in 1477 , Uppsala University is the oldest centre of higher education in Scandinavia . Among many achievements , the Celsius scale for temperature was invented there ." } ] }, { "value": "Studenternas IP", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Studenternas_IP", "summary": "Studenternas IP is a multi-use stadium in Uppsala , Sweden and the home arena for the football clubs IK Sirius Fotboll and Dalkurd FF on the men 's side and IK Uppsala Fotboll on the women 's and in bandy for IK Sirius in Elitserien and several other bandy teams . The summer arena has a total capacity of 10,000 spectators and the winter arena 6,000 . The bandy finals were played here from 1991 until 2012 . Starting in 2018 , the finals are once again played at Studenternas . The arena has a much bigger capacity during that weekend , for example 25,560 spectators saw the 2010 men 's final . The summer arena underwent a major upgrade between 2017 and 2020 . The new Studenternas has a capacity of 10,000 spectators ." } ] }, { "value": "6,300", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kalmar FF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kalmar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kalmar", "summary": "Kalmar ( /ˈkælmɑːr/ , also US : /ˈkɑːlmɑːr/ , Swedish : [ ˈkǎlmar ] ( listen ) ) is a city in the southeast of Sweden , situated by the Baltic Sea . It had 36,392 inhabitants in 2010 and is the seat of Kalmar Municipality . It is also the capital of Kalmar County , which comprises 12 municipalities with a total of 236,399 inhabitants ( 2015 ) . From the thirteenth to the seventeenth centuries , Kalmar was one of Sweden 's most important cities . Between 1602 and 1913 it was the episcopal see of Kalmar Diocese , with a bishop , and the Kalmar Cathedral from 1702 is still a fine example of classicistic architecture . It became a fortified city , with the Kalmar Castle as the center . After the Treaty of Roskilde in 1658 , Kalmar 's importance diminished , until the industry sector was initiated in the 19th century . The city is home to parts of Linnaeus University . Kalmar is adjacent to the main route to the island of Öland over the Öland Bridge ." } ] }, { "value": "Guldfågeln Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guldfågeln_Arena", "summary": "Guldfågeln Arena is a football stadium in Kalmar , Sweden and the home of Allsvenskan club Kalmar FF . The stadium is located in the area known as Hansa City , in the North West of Kalmar . The arena opened to the public on March 15 , 2011 . Kalmar FF 's first competitive match at the stadium was played on 11 April 2011 against Djurgårdens IF . Guldfågeln Arena is also one of the arenas used for the UEFA Women 's Euro 2013 , as Kalmar Arena , with three matches in the preliminaries as well as one quarter final ." } ] }, { "value": "12,182", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Malmö FF", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Malmö", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malmö", "summary": "Malmö ( /ˈmælmoʊ , ˈmɑːlmɜː/ ; Swedish : [ ˈmâlmøː ] ( listen ) ; Danish : Malmø [ ˈmælmˌøˀ ] ) is the largest city of the Swedish county of Skåne County , the third-largest city in Sweden , after Stockholm and Gothenburg , and the sixth-largest city in Scandinavia , with a population of 316,588 inhabitants out of a municipal total of 338,230 in 2018 . The Malmö Metropolitan Region is home to over 700,000 people , and the Øresund Region , which includes Malmö , is home to 4 million people . Malmö was one of the earliest and most industrialized towns of Scandinavia , but it struggled with the adaptation to post-industrialism . Since the construction of the Öresund Bridge , Malmö has undergone a major transformation , producing new architectural developments , supporting new biotech and IT companies , and attracting students through Malmö University and other higher education facilities . The city contains many historic buildings and parks , and is also a commercial center for the western part of Scania ." } ] }, { "value": "Eleda Stadion", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Eleda_Stadion", "summary": "Eleda Stadion is a football stadium in Malmö , Sweden and the home of Allsvenskan club Malmö Fotbollförening , commonly known as Malmö FF . In UEFA competitions , the stadium has also been known as Malmö New Stadium and formerly known as Swedbank Stadion for sponsorship reasons as well as Stadion . The stadium was named after Swedish based banking group Swedbank , which owned its naming rights between 2007 and 2017 . Apart from being the home of Malmö FF , Stadion has also hosted senior and youth international matches . The stadium is the third largest used by a Swedish football club , behind AIK 's Friends Arena and Djurgårdens IF 's and Hammarby IF 's Tele2 Arena , both located in Stockholm . In league matches , the stadium has a capacity of 22,500 , of which 18,000 are seated , and 4,500 are standing . In European matches , the 4,500 standing places are converted to 3,000 seats , making the stadium a 21,000-capacity all-seater . Stadion opened in April 2009 , and replaced Malmö Stadion , where Malmö FF had been based since 1958 . The new ground was originally budgeted to cost 398 million kronor , but ultimately cost 695 million kronor ( €79.7 ) . It is a UEFA category 4-rated stadium , and is thus able to host all UEFA club competition matches , except for finals . The ground 's record attendance , 24,148 , was set in an Allsvenskan match between Malmö FF and Mjällby AIF on 7 November 2010 : in this match , Malmö FF won 2-0 and clinched that year 's national championship ." } ] }, { "value": "22,500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Örebro SK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Örebro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Örebro", "summary": "Örebro ( /ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO , Swedish : [ œrɛˈbruː ] ( listen ) ) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants , the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden . It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country . It is located near the lake of Hjälmaren , although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svartån . Örebro is home to Örebro University , a major university hospital , a medieval castle , the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront ." } ] }, { "value": "Behrn Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Behrn_Arena", "summary": "Behrn Arena , mostly known by its previous name Eyravallen , is a football stadium in Örebro , Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish top flight Allsvenskan . The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923 . The stadium has been developed during the last couple of years . The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961 , and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF , on 13 May 2018 . The stadium 's grass is astroturf since 2003 , and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface . This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas . Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "12,645", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Östersunds FK", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Östersund", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Östersund", "summary": "Östersund ( pronounced [ œstɛˈʂɵnːd ] ( listen ) ; Southern Sami : Staare ) is an urban area ( city ) in Jämtland in the middle of Sweden . It is the seat of Östersund Municipality and the capital of Jämtland County . Östersund is located at the shores of Sweden 's fifth largest lake , Storsjön , opposite the island Frösön , and is the only city in Jämtland . Östersund is the region 's cultural and economical centre and by tradition a city of trade and commerce . Östersund had one of the most extensive garrisons in Sweden prior to its closure in the early-21st century . The city is the Mid Sweden University 's largest campus site with approximately 7,000 students . With a total population of 50,960 ( 2017 ) Östersund is the 22nd most populous city in Sweden , the 46th most populous city in Scandinavia , and by far the largest inland city in Northern Sweden . The city was the only Swedish city founded and chartered in the 18th century . Östersund was founded in order to create a trade monopoly over Jämtland whose inhabitants ' lucrative trade annoyed the Swedish crown . The intention was to persuade the local farmers to deliver merchandise to middlemen in Östersund , but the population opposed this economic philosophy , and Östersund long remained small . It took until the end of the 19th century for Östersund to truly become a city , after the arrival of the railroad and the economic liberalization of that time . Östersund is situated in inland Scandinavia and connected to Sundsvall in the east on the Swedish coast , and Trondheim in the west at the shores of the Norwegian sea ." } ] }, { "value": "Jämtkraft Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jämtkraft_Arena", "summary": "Jämtkraft Arena is a football stadium in Östersund , Sweden . Its current capacity is 9,165 and it was opened on 13 July 2007 . The official tenants are the first-tier Allsvenskan side Östersunds FK and Östersunds DFF , but many other football clubs in the area regularly play there . One of its most famous visitors was Arsenal Football Club . On February 15 , 2018 , they defeated Östersunds FK by 3:0 in the first-leg of the Europa League 's Round of 32 . It was the English club 's first trip to Sweden since beating AIK Fotboll in the 1999-2000 UEFA Champions League . [ circular reference ]" } ] }, { "value": "9,500", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Stadiums and locations", "section_text": "Main article : List of Allsvenskan stadiums Friends Arena in Solna . Tele2 Arena in Stockholm . Eleda Stadion in Malmö . Current team and stadiums :", "uid": "Allsvenskan_2", "intro": "Allsvenskan (Swedish pronunciation: [ˈâlːˌsvɛnːskan]; English: the All-Swedish, also known as Fotbollsallsvenskan, English: the Football All-Swedish) is a Swedish professional league for men's association football clubs. It was founded in 1924, and is the top flight of the Swedish football league system, operating on a system of promotion and relegation with Superettan. Seasons run from late March or early April to the beginning of November, with the 16 clubs all meeting each other twice, resulting in a 30-match season, for a total of 240 matches league-wide. Allsvenskan is ranked 20th in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the last five years. Allsvenskan is ranked highest of the leagues in Scandinavia after Denmark in 16th place. The current champions are Djurgårdens IF, who won the title in the 2019 season. Including the 2019 season, Allsvenskan has been running for an unbroken streak of 94 seasons[update]. Unlike many other European football leagues, the Allsvenskan did not experience an interruption in play during World War II due to Swedish neutrality in that conflict." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB_Thulinverken", "title": "AB Thulinverken", "header": [ "Model", "Description", "Engine", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Thulin A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_A_(aircraft)", "summary": "The Blériot XI is a French aircraft of the pioneer era of aviation . The first example was used by Louis Blériot to make the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air aircraft , on 25 July 1909 . This is one of the most famous accomplishments of the pioneer era of aviation , and not only won Blériot a lasting place in history but also assured the future of his aircraft manufacturing business . The event caused a major reappraisal of the importance of aviation ; the English newspaper The Daily Express led its story of the flight with the headline Britain is no longer an Island . It was produced in both single- and two-seat versions , powered by several different engines , and was widely used for competition and training purposes . Military versions were bought by many countries , continuing in service until after the outbreak of World War I in 1914 . Two restored examples - one in the United Kingdom and one in the United States - of original Blériot XI aircraft are thought to be the two oldest flyable aircraft in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Monoplane - licence-built Bleriot XI", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bleriot_XI", "summary": "The Blériot XI is a French aircraft of the pioneer era of aviation . The first example was used by Louis Blériot to make the first flight across the English Channel in a heavier-than-air aircraft , on 25 July 1909 . This is one of the most famous accomplishments of the pioneer era of aviation , and not only won Blériot a lasting place in history but also assured the future of his aircraft manufacturing business . The event caused a major reappraisal of the importance of aviation ; the English newspaper The Daily Express led its story of the flight with the headline Britain is no longer an Island . It was produced in both single- and two-seat versions , powered by several different engines , and was widely used for competition and training purposes . Military versions were bought by many countries , continuing in service until after the outbreak of World War I in 1914 . Two restored examples - one in the United Kingdom and one in the United States - of original Blériot XI aircraft are thought to be the two oldest flyable aircraft in the world ." } ] }, { "value": "Gnome Omega 50 hp ( 37 kW )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gnome_Omega", "summary": "The Gnome 7 Omega ( commonly called the Gnome 50 hp ) is a French seven-cylinder , air-cooled aero engine produced by Gnome et Rhône . It was shown at the Paris Aero Salon held in December 1908 and was first flown in 1909 . It was the world 's first aviation rotary engine produced in quantity . Its introduction revolutionized the aviation industry and it was used by many early aircraft . It produced 50 hp ( 37 kW ) from its capacity of 8 l ( 490 cu in ) . A Gnome Omega engine powers the 1912 Blackburn Monoplane , owned and operated by the Shuttleworth Collection , the oldest known airworthy British-designed aeroplane worldwide . A two-row version of the same engine was also produced , known as the Gnome 14 Omega-Omega or Gnome 100 hp . The prototype Omega engine still exists , and is on display at the United States ' National Air and Space Museum ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin B", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_B_(aircraft)", "summary": "The Morane-Saulnier G was a two-seat sport and racing monoplane produced in France before the First World War . It was a development of the racing monoplanes designed by Léon Morane and Raymond Saulnier after leaving Borel and , like its predecessors , was a wire-braced , shoulder-wing monoplane . Construction was of fabric-covered wood throughout , except for the undercarriage struts which were of steel tube . The type was a sporting success . In April 1913 , Roland Garros took second place in the inaugural Schneider Cup in a floatplane version , finishing with a time of 40 minutes 40 seconds . On 26 June , Claude Grahame-White flew another float-equipped example from Paris to London via Le Havre , Boulogne-sur-Mer , and Dover , covering some 500 km ( 310 mi ) that day . Between 21 and 28 September the same year , two float-equipped Type Gs competed at the seaplane meeting at San Sebastián , with Lord Carbery winning the short takeoff prize on one , and Edmond Audemars winning the maneuverability prize on the other . The following week , Carbery flew his Type G in the Italian Waterplane Contest from Lake Como to Pavia and back , along with two other Type Gs in the field of fifteen competitors , these flown by Garros and Morane . Garros not only won the Grand Prize in the general class , but also the prizes for best speed ( 127.7 km/h , 79.8 mph ) and greatest altitude ( 2,100 m , 6,000 ft ) . On 28 September 1913 Roland Garros became the first person to cross the Mediterranean Sea by air , flying from Fréjus in the south of France to Bizerte in Tunisia in a Morane-Saulnier G. In 1914 , Russian manufacturer Duks arranged to build the type under licence at their Moscow factory for the Russian Army , and the same year , the Turkish military ordered 40 examples . Before these could be delivered , however , war broke out , and the aircraft were impressed into the French Army . To these , the Army soon added an order of 94 aircraft , and the British Royal Flying Corps also acquired a number , these latter machines purchased from Grahame-White , who was manufacturing the type in the UK under licence ." } ] }, { "value": "Monoplane - licence-built Morane-Saulnier G", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_G", "summary": "The Morane-Saulnier G was a two-seat sport and racing monoplane produced in France before the First World War . It was a development of the racing monoplanes designed by Léon Morane and Raymond Saulnier after leaving Borel and , like its predecessors , was a wire-braced , shoulder-wing monoplane . Construction was of fabric-covered wood throughout , except for the undercarriage struts which were of steel tube . The type was a sporting success . In April 1913 , Roland Garros took second place in the inaugural Schneider Cup in a floatplane version , finishing with a time of 40 minutes 40 seconds . On 26 June , Claude Grahame-White flew another float-equipped example from Paris to London via Le Havre , Boulogne-sur-Mer , and Dover , covering some 500 km ( 310 mi ) that day . Between 21 and 28 September the same year , two float-equipped Type Gs competed at the seaplane meeting at San Sebastián , with Lord Carbery winning the short takeoff prize on one , and Edmond Audemars winning the maneuverability prize on the other . The following week , Carbery flew his Type G in the Italian Waterplane Contest from Lake Como to Pavia and back , along with two other Type Gs in the field of fifteen competitors , these flown by Garros and Morane . Garros not only won the Grand Prize in the general class , but also the prizes for best speed ( 127.7 km/h , 79.8 mph ) and greatest altitude ( 2,100 m , 6,000 ft ) . On 28 September 1913 Roland Garros became the first person to cross the Mediterranean Sea by air , flying from Fréjus in the south of France to Bizerte in Tunisia in a Morane-Saulnier G. In 1914 , Russian manufacturer Duks arranged to build the type under licence at their Moscow factory for the Russian Army , and the same year , the Turkish military ordered 40 examples . Before these could be delivered , however , war broke out , and the aircraft were impressed into the French Army . To these , the Army soon added an order of 94 aircraft , and the British Royal Flying Corps also acquired a number , these latter machines purchased from Grahame-White , who was manufacturing the type in the UK under licence ." } ] }, { "value": "Thulin A 80 hp ( 60 kW )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_A_(engine)", "summary": "The Le Rhône 9C is a nine-cylinder rotary aircraft engine produced in France by Société des Moteurs Le Rhône / Gnome et Rhône . Also known as the Le Rhône 80 hp in a reference to its nominal power rating , the engine was fitted to a number of military aircraft types of the First World War . Le Rhône 9C engines were also produced under license in Germany , Sweden and Great Britain by various companies , and in the United States . The Swedish version built by AB Thulinverken was designated Thulin A. German production and development was carried out by Oberursel Moterwerken as the UR.I ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_C_(aircraft)", "summary": "The Albatros B.II , ( post-war company designation L.2 ) was an unarmed German two-seat reconnaissance biplane of the First World War ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - licence-built Albatros B.II", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albatros_B.II", "summary": "The Albatros B.II , ( post-war company designation L.2 ) was an unarmed German two-seat reconnaissance biplane of the First World War ." } ] }, { "value": "Benz Bz.II ( or Benz Bz.III )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benz_Bz.II", "summary": "The Benz Bz.II was a six-cylinder , water-cooled , inline engine developed in Germany for use in aircraft in 1913 . With a displacement of 14.3 L ( 875 cu in ) , it developed 75 kW ( 100 hp ) at 1,200 rpm . It had cast-iron cylinders and the valves were operated by dual camshafts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Benz_Bz.III", "summary": "The Benz Bz.III was a six-cylinder , water-cooled , inline engine developed in Germany for use in aircraft in 1914 . Developing 112 kW ( 150 hp ) at 1,400 rpm from 14.3 L ( 875 cu in ) , it powered many German military aircraft during World War I . It was replaced in production by the unrelated Benz Bz.IIIa . and eventually the V-8 Benz Bz.IIIb . The Benz Bz.III was built under licence in Sweden by AB Thulinverken , known as the Thulin E ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin D", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_D", "summary": "The Morane-Saulnier L , or Morane-Saulnier Type L , or officially MoS-3 , was a French parasol wing one or two-seat scout aeroplane of the First World War . The Type L became one of the first successful fighter aircraft when it was fitted with a single machine gun that fired through the arc of the propeller , which was protected by armoured deflector wedges . Its immediate effectiveness in this role launched an arms race in fighter development , and the Type L was swiftly rendered obsolete . The original Type L used wing warping for lateral control , but a later version designated Type LA was fitted with ailerons . Built by Morane-Saulnier , large numbers of the Type L were ordered by the French Aviation Militaire at the outbreak of the war . In total about 600 Type Ls were built and , in addition to the French air force , they served with the Royal Flying Corps , Royal Naval Air Service and the Imperial Russian Air Service . The type was also produced under licence in Germany by Pfalz Flugzeugwerke as the unarmed A.I and A.II scouts ( with 80 HP and 100 HP Oberursel engines respectively ) . About 60 were built for Bavarian air service . A few were later modified as the E.III fighters . A few Type Ls captured by Germany were fitted with a single German Spandau LMG 08 machine gun . These captured and converted aircraft are often mistaken for Pfalz E.IIIs . About 450 aircraft were licence-built in Russia by Duks and Lebed works ." } ] }, { "value": "Monoplane - licence-built Morane-Saulnier L", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Morane-Saulnier_L", "summary": "The Morane-Saulnier L , or Morane-Saulnier Type L , or officially MoS-3 , was a French parasol wing one or two-seat scout aeroplane of the First World War . The Type L became one of the first successful fighter aircraft when it was fitted with a single machine gun that fired through the arc of the propeller , which was protected by armoured deflector wedges . Its immediate effectiveness in this role launched an arms race in fighter development , and the Type L was swiftly rendered obsolete . The original Type L used wing warping for lateral control , but a later version designated Type LA was fitted with ailerons . Built by Morane-Saulnier , large numbers of the Type L were ordered by the French Aviation Militaire at the outbreak of the war . In total about 600 Type Ls were built and , in addition to the French air force , they served with the Royal Flying Corps , Royal Naval Air Service and the Imperial Russian Air Service . The type was also produced under licence in Germany by Pfalz Flugzeugwerke as the unarmed A.I and A.II scouts ( with 80 HP and 100 HP Oberursel engines respectively ) . About 60 were built for Bavarian air service . A few were later modified as the E.III fighters . A few Type Ls captured by Germany were fitted with a single German Spandau LMG 08 machine gun . These captured and converted aircraft are often mistaken for Pfalz E.IIIs . About 450 aircraft were licence-built in Russia by Duks and Lebed works ." } ] }, { "value": "Thulin A ( Le Rhône 9C ) 80 hp ( 60 kW )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_A_(engine)", "summary": "The Le Rhône 9C is a nine-cylinder rotary aircraft engine produced in France by Société des Moteurs Le Rhône / Gnome et Rhône . Also known as the Le Rhône 80 hp in a reference to its nominal power rating , the engine was fitted to a number of military aircraft types of the First World War . Le Rhône 9C engines were also produced under license in Germany , Sweden and Great Britain by various companies , and in the United States . The Swedish version built by AB Thulinverken was designated Thulin A. German production and development was carried out by Oberursel Moterwerken as the UR.I ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin E", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_E_(aircraft)", "summary": "The Thulin E was a Swedish reconnaissance aircraft built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin A 80 hp ( 60 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin FA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_FA", "summary": "The Thulin FA was a Swedish reconnaissance aircraft built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benz Bz.III or Mercedes", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Development of Thulin C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin G", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_G", "summary": "The Thulin G was a Swedish military reconnaissance aircraft built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane floatplane - licence-built Albatros B.II", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benz Bz.III 160 hp ( 120 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Development of Thulin C/Albatros B.II for Navy", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin GA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_GA", "summary": "The Albatros B.II , ( post-war company designation L.2 ) was an unarmed German two-seat reconnaissance biplane of the First World War ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Curtiss V-2 200 hp ( 150 kW ) or Benz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Curtiss_V-2", "summary": "The Curtiss V-2 Type 3 ( V-2-3 ) was an 8-cylinder Vee liquid-cooled aircraft engine ." } ] }, { "value": "Development of Thulin G with alternative powerplants", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin H", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_H", "summary": "The Thulin H was a Swedish reconnaissance/bomber plane built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane trimotor bomber - own design", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Trimotor", "summary": "A trimotor is an aircraft powered by three engines and represents a compromise between complexity and safety and was often a result of the limited power of the engines available to the designer . Many trimotors were designed and built in the 1920s and 1930s , when engine power lagged behind the designers ' power requirements ." } ] }, { "value": "3 x Thulin A 240 hp ( 180 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "One tractor engine and 2 pusher engines in nacelles", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin K", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_K", "summary": "The Thulin K was a Swedish naval fighter aircraft in the 1910s . It was operated by both the Swedish and Dutch armed forces ." } ] }, { "value": "Monoplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin G ( Le Rhône 11F ) 100 hp ( 75 kW )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Le_Rhône", "summary": "Le Rhône was the name given to a series of popular rotary aircraft engines produced in France by Société des Moteurs Le Rhône and the successor company of Gnome et Rhône . They powered a number of military aircraft types of the First World War . Le Rhône engines were also produced under license worldwide . Although not powerful ( the largest wartime version produced 130 horsepower ( 97 kW ) ) , they were dependable rotary engines . The Le Rhône 9 was a development of the Le Rhône 7 , a seven-cylinder design . Examples of nine-cylinder Le Rhône rotary engines are on public display in aviation museums with several remaining airworthy , powering vintage aircraft types ." } ] }, { "value": "Development of Thulin B with ailerons", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin L", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_L", "summary": "The Thulin L was a Swedish reconnaissance plane built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin A 80 hp ( 60 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Development of Thulin E with double bearing engine mount", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin LA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_LA", "summary": "The Thulin LA was a Swedish two-seat , single-engine biplane designed by Enoch Thulin in 1917 and made by his company AB Thulinverken in Landskrona . It was based on the earlier Thulin L and E aircraft , with a new engine , fuselage and empennage . The L and E types were in turn based on the German Albatros B.II aircraft , like the NAB Albatros . The Thulin LA was used in Sweden , the Netherlands ( 10 ) and Finland ( 1 ) . This type also made the first passenger transport flights between Sweden and Denmark in 1919 . Altogether there were 15 Thulin LAs built ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin G 100 hp ( 75 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Variant of L with horseshoe cowling", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin M", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Unknown", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Possibly project only", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin N", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_N", "summary": "The Thulin N was a prototype Swedish scout aircraft built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin G 100 hp ( 75 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fighter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin NA", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thulin_NA", "summary": "The Thulin NA was a prototype Swedish fighter plane built in the late 1910s ." } ] }, { "value": "Biplane - own design", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thulin G 100 hp ( 75 kW )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Floatplane fighter based on N", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Products -- Aircraft", "section_text": "", "uid": "AB_Thulinverken_0", "intro": "AB Thulinverken was a company in Landskrona, Sweden, founded in 1914 as Enoch Thulins Aeroplanfabrik by the airman and aircraft technician Enoch Thulin. The company became Sweden's first aircraft manufacturer. In 1920, Thulin also started manufacturing automobiles, which continued until 1928. During World War I, the company came into financial difficulties and was reconstructed in 1922 as AB Thulinverken. The manufacturing of brake systems became a main focus of the company. In 1958, Thulinverken merged with Svenska AB Bromsregulator (founded in 1913). The remains of Thulinverken are now a part of SAB Wabco AB, which is owned by the French Faiveley Transport company since 2004." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_Jesus_College,_Oxford", "title": "List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford", "header": [ "Name", "M", "G", "Degree", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Sir Henry Bagenal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henry_Bagenal", "summary": "Sir Henry Bagenal PC ( c. 1556 - 14 August 1598 ) was marshal of the Royal Irish Army during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I ." } ] }, { "value": "1572/3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DNG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bagenal left without taking a degree to support his father , who was marshal of the army in Ireland , and succeeded him in 1590 . He was mortally wounded at the Battle of the Yellow Ford in 1598", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Battle_of_the_Yellow_Ford", "summary": "The Battle of the Yellow Ford ( Irish : Cath Bhéal-an-Átha-Buí ) was fought in western County Armagh , Ulster , in Ireland , near the River Blackwater on 14 August 1598 , during the Nine Years War ( Ireland ) . The battle was fought between the Gaelic native Irish army under Hugh O'Neill , Earl of Tyrone and Hugh O'Donnell , and a Crown expeditionary force from Dublin under Sir Henry Bagenal , commander of the Royal Irish Army . The Crown forces marched from Armagh town to re-supply a besieged fort on the Blackwater , and were attacked and routed with heavy losses ." } ] }, { "value": "Angus Buchanan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Angus_Buchanan_(VC)", "summary": "Angus Buchanan , VC MC ( 11 August 1894 - 1 March 1944 ) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces ." } ] }, { "value": "1913", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1921", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA Jurisprudence ( initially Literae Humaniores )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Law_degree", "summary": "A law degree is an academic degree conferred for studies in law . Such degrees are generally preparation for legal careers ; but while their curricula may be reviewed by legal authority , they do not themselves confer a license . A legal license is granted ( typically by examination ) and exercised locally ; while the law degree can have local , international , and world-wide aspects- e.g. , in Britain the Legal Practice Course is required to become a British solicitor or the Bar Professional Training Course ( BPTC ) to become a barrister ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Literae_Humaniores", "summary": "Literae humaniores , nicknamed greats , is an undergraduate course focused on classics ( Ancient Rome , Ancient Greece , Latin , ancient Greek , and philosophy ) at the University of Oxford and some other universities . The Latin name means literally more human literature and was in contrast to the other main field of study when the university began , i.e . res divinae , also known as theology . Lit . hum . is concerned with human learning , and lit . div . with learning that came from God . In its early days , it encompassed mathematics and natural sciences as well . It is an archetypal humanities course ." } ] }, { "value": "Buchanan won the Victoria Cross ( 1916 ) for conspicuous bravery in rescuing a severely wounded officer under fire . He was blinded when shot in 1917 . On returning to the college in 1919 , he read law and became president of the Jesus College Record", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Victoria_Cross", "summary": "The Victoria Cross ( VC ) is the highest and most prestigious award of the British honours system . It is awarded for valour in the presence of the enemy to members of the British Armed Forces . It may be awarded posthumously . It was previously awarded to Commonwealth countries , most of which have established their own honours systems and no longer recommend British honours . It may be awarded to a person of any military rank in any service and to civilians under military command although no civilian has received the award since 1879 . Since the first awards were presented by Queen Victoria in 1857 , two-thirds of all awards have been personally presented by the British monarch . These investitures are usually held at Buckingham Palace . The VC was introduced on 29 January 1856 by Queen Victoria to honour acts of valour during the Crimean War . Since then , the medal has been awarded 1,358 times to 1,355 individual recipients . Only 15 medals , of which 11 were to members of the British Army and four were to members of the Australian Army , have been awarded since the Second World War . The traditional explanation of the source of the metal from which the medals are struck is that it derives from Russian cannon captured at the Siege of Sevastopol . However , research has suggested another origin for the material ." } ] }, { "value": "Jenkin Jones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jenkin_Jones", "summary": "Jenkin Jones ( born 1623 ) was a Welsh captain in the army of the Parliamentarians during the English Civil War , and a Puritan cleric and preacher ." } ] }, { "value": "1639", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DNG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Captain in the Parliamentarian army during the English Civil War , and a Puritan preacher", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Roundhead", "summary": "Roundheads were the supporters of the Parliament of England during the English Civil War ( 1641-1652 ) . Also known as Parliamentarians , they fought against King Charles I of England and his supporters , known as the Cavaliers or Royalists , who claimed rule by absolute monarchy and the principle of the 'divine right of kings ' . The goal of the Roundhead party was to give the Parliament supreme control over executive administration of the country/kingdom ." }, { "url": "/wiki/English_Civil_War", "summary": "The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sir Charles Kemeys , 2nd Baronet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sir_Charles_Kemeys,_2nd_Baronet", "summary": "Sir Charles Kemeys , 2nd Baronet ( c.1614-1658 ) was the second of the Kemeys Baronets , a Welsh family of landowners in the county of Monmouthshire , Wales . His father , Sir Nicholas Kemeys , 1st Baronet was MP for Monmouth in 1628 , High Sheriff of Monmouthshire in 1621 and High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1638 , before being created the first baronet in 1642 by Charles I . Sir Nicholas died on 25 May 1648 , during the English Civil War , defending Chepstow Castle against the Parliamentarian forces . Sir Charles , who had been educated at Jesus College , Oxford and at Gray 's Inn , was knighted in 1643 and succeeded his father to the baronetcy . He was appointed High Sheriff of Glamorgan in 1644 . He also took part in the English Civil War on the king 's side , attacking Cardiff in 1646 and defending Pembroke Castle afterwards . When the castle surrendered , he was fined £3,500 ( equivalent to £269,753 in 2007 ) and exiled for two years . Sir Charles died in 1658 . He was succeeded by his son , Sir Charles Kemeys , 3rd Baronet ." } ] }, { "value": "1632", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DNG", "urls": [] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Royalist who fought during the English Civil War , attacking Cardiff and defending Pembroke Castle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cavalier", "summary": "Cavalier ( /ˌkævəˈlɪər/ ) was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War , the Interregnum , and the Restoration ( 1642 - c. 1679 ) . It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves . Although it referred originally to political and social attitudes and behaviour , of which clothing was a very small part , it has subsequently become strongly identified with the fashionable clothing of the court at the time . Prince Rupert , commander of much of Charles I 's cavalry , is often considered to be an archetypal Cavalier ." }, { "url": "/wiki/English_Civil_War", "summary": "The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cardiff", "summary": "Cardiff ( Welsh : Caerdydd [ kairˈdiːð , kaːɨrˈdɨːð ] ( listen ) ) is the capital of Wales and its largest city . The eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom , it is Wales ' chief commercial centre , the base for most national cultural institutions and Welsh media , and the seat of the National Assembly for Wales . At the 2011 census , the unitary authority area population was estimated to be 346,090 , and the wider urban area 479,000 . Cardiff is a significant tourist centre and the most popular visitor destination in Wales with 21.3 million visitors in 2017 . In 2011 , Cardiff was ranked sixth in the world in National Geographic 's alternative tourist destinations . Cardiff is the county town of the historic county of Glamorgan , and in 1974 , South Glamorgan . Cardiff is part of the Eurocities network of the largest European cities . A small town until the early 19th century , its prominence as a major port for the transport of coal following the arrival of industry in the region contributed to its rise as a major city . In 1905 , Cardiff was made a city and proclaimed the capital of Wales in 1955 . At the 2011 Census the population was 346,090 . The Cardiff Built-up Area covers a slightly larger area outside the county boundary and includes the towns of Dinas Powys and Penarth . Since the 1980s , Cardiff has seen significant development ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pembroke_Castle", "summary": "Pembroke Castle ( Welsh : Castell Penfro ) is a medieval castle in Pembroke , Pembrokeshire , Wales . The castle was the original family seat of the Earldom of Pembroke . A Grade I listed building since 1951 , it underwent major restoration during the early 20th century . In 1093 , Arnulf of Montgomery built the first castle at the site when he fortified the promontory beside the Pembroke River during the Norman invasion of Wales . A century later , the castle was given by Richard I to William Marshal , who became one of the most powerful men in 12th-century Britain . He rebuilt Pembroke in stone creating most of the structure that remains today . The castle is open to the public and is the largest privately-owned castle in Wales ." } ] }, { "value": "T. E. Lawrence", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/T._E._Lawrence", "summary": "Colonel Thomas Edward Lawrence , CB , DSO ( 16 August 1888 - 19 May 1935 ) was a British archaeologist , army officer , diplomat , and writer . He was renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign against the Ottoman Empire during the First World War . The breadth and variety of his activities and associations , and his ability to describe them vividly in writing , earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia , a title used for the 1962 film based on his wartime activities . He was born out of wedlock in August 1888 to Sarah Junner , a governess , and Thomas Chapman , an Anglo-Irish landowner . Chapman left his wife and family in Ireland to cohabit with Junner . Chapman and Junner called themselves Mr and Mrs Lawrence , the surname of Sarah 's likely father ; her mother had been employed as a servant for a Lawrence family when she became pregnant with Sarah . In 1896 , the Lawrences moved to Oxford , where Thomas attended the High School and then studied history at Jesus College from 1907 to 1910 . Between 1910 and 1914 , he worked as an archaeologist for the British Museum , chiefly at Carchemish in Ottoman Syria . Soon after the outbreak of war , he volunteered for the British Army and was stationed in Egypt . In 1916 , he was sent to Arabia on an intelligence mission and quickly became involved with the Arab Revolt as a liaison to the Arab forces , along with other British officers . He worked closely with Emir Faisal , a leader of the revolt , and he participated , sometimes as leader , in military actions against the Ottoman armed forces , culminating in the capture of Damascus in October 1918 . After the war , Lawrence joined the Foreign Office , working with the British government and with Faisal ." } ] }, { "value": "1907", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1910", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA Modern History ( 1st )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lawrence of Arabia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Henry Lloyd", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Henry_Lloyd_(soldier)", "summary": "Henry Humphrey Evans Lloyd ( c.1718 - 19 June 1783 ) was a Welsh army officer and military writer . He fought for the French against the Austrians , the Jacobite forces of Charles Stuart against the British , the Austrians against the Prussians and the Prussians against the Austrians ( during the same war ) , and the Russians against the Turks . He also undertook various diplomatic missions for Britain . His writings on military theory were studied by George Washington and George S. Patton , and were used by J. F. C. Fuller to espouse a science of war ." } ] }, { "value": "1736 ?", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1739 ?", "urls": [] }, { "value": "?", "urls": [] }, { "value": "18th-century soldier who fought for various European countries ( switching sides in the Seven Years ' War ) and whose writings on military theory were studied by George Washington and George S. Patton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seven_Years'_War", "summary": "The Seven Years ' War was a global war fought between 1756 and 1763 . It involved all five European great powers of the time plus many of the middle powers and spanned five continents , affecting Europe , the Americas , West Africa , India , and the Philippines . The conflict split Europe into two coalitions : one was led by the Kingdom of Great Britain and included the Kingdom of Prussia , the Kingdom of Portugal , the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg ( also named Hanover ) , and a few other small German states ; while the other was led by the Kingdom of France and included the Austrian-led Holy Roman Empire , including the Electorate of Saxony and most of the smaller German states , the Russian Empire ( until 1762 ) , the Kingdom of Spain , and Sweden . The Dutch Republic , Denmark-Norway , the Italian States , and the Ottoman Empire did not participate . Meanwhile , in India , some regional polities within the increasingly fragmented Mughal Empire , with the support of the French , failed to defeat a British attempt to conquer Bengal . Although Anglo-French skirmishes over their American colonies had begun in 1754 , with what became known in the United States as the French and Indian War , the large-scale conflict that drew in most of the European powers was centered on Austria 's desire to recover Silesia from Prussia . Seeing the opportunity to curtail Britain 's and Prussia 's ever-growing might , France and Austria put aside their ancient rivalry to form a grand coalition of their own , bringing most of the other European powers to their side . Faced with this sudden turn of events , Britain aligned itself with Prussia , in a series of political manoeuvres known as the Diplomatic Revolution . However , French efforts ended in failure when the Anglo-Prussian coalition prevailed , and Britain 's rise as among the world 's predominant powers destroyed France 's supremacy in Europe , thus altering the European balance of power ." }, { "url": "/wiki/George_Washington", "summary": "George Washington ( February 22 , 1732 [ b ] - December 14 , 1799 ) was an American political leader , military general , statesman , and Founding Father who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797 . Previously , he led Patriot forces to victory in the nation 's War for Independence . He presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 , which established the U.S. Constitution and a federal government . Washington has been called the Father of His Country for his manifold leadership in the formative days of the new nation . Washington received his initial military training and command with the Virginia Regiment during the French and Indian War . He was later elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses and was named a delegate to the Continental Congress , where he was appointed Commanding General of the Continental Army . He commanded American forces , allied with France , in the defeat and surrender of the British during the Siege of Yorktown . He resigned his commission after the Treaty of Paris in 1783 . Washington played a key role in adopting and ratifying the Constitution and was then elected president ( twice ) by the Electoral College . He implemented a strong , well-financed national government while remaining impartial in a fierce rivalry between cabinet members Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton . During the French Revolution , he proclaimed a policy of neutrality while sanctioning the Jay Treaty . He set enduring precedents for the office of president , including the title President of the United States , and his Farewell Address is widely regarded as a pre-eminent statement on republicanism ." }, { "url": "/wiki/George_S._Patton", "summary": "George Smith Patton Jr. ( November 11 , 1885 - December 21 , 1945 ) was a general of the United States Army who commanded the U.S . Seventh Army in the Mediterranean theater of World War II , and the U.S. Third Army in France and Germany after the Allied invasion of Normandy in June 1944 . Born in 1885 to a family whose members had served in the United States and Confederate States armies , Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . He studied fencing and designed the M1913 Cavalry Saber , more commonly known as the Patton Saber , and competed in modern pentathlon in the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm , Sweden . Patton first saw combat during 1916 's Pancho Villa Expedition , America 's first military action using motor vehicles . He saw action in World War I as part of the new United States Tank Corps of the American Expeditionary Forces : he commanded the U.S. tank school in France , then led tanks into combat and was wounded near the end of the war . In the interwar period , Patton became a central figure in the development of the Army 's armored warfare doctrine , serving in numerous staff positions throughout the country . At the American entry into World War II , he commanded the 2nd Armored Division . Patton led U.S. troops into the Mediterranean theater with an invasion of Casablanca during Operation Torch in 1942 , and soon established himself as an effective commander by rapidly rehabilitating the demoralized U.S. II Corps . He commanded the U.S . Seventh Army during the Allied invasion of Sicily , where he was the first Allied commander to reach Messina . There he was embroiled in controversy after he slapped two shell-shocked soldiers , and was temporarily removed from battlefield command ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Mauldon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Mauldon", "summary": "James Grenfell Mauldon MC ( 1920 - 21 May 2002 ) was a British mathematician who taught at the University of Oxford and in the United States at Amherst College ." } ] }, { "value": "1938", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1947", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA Mathematics ( 1st )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Studies interrupted by military service during the Second World War , during which he won the Military Cross ; later became Professor of Mathematics at Amherst College in the United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Military_Cross", "summary": "The Military Cross ( MC ) is the third-level military decoration awarded to officers and ( since 1993 ) other ranks of the British Armed Forces , and formerly awarded to officers of other Commonwealth countries . The MC is granted in recognition of an act or acts of exemplary gallantry during active operations against the enemy on land to all members of the British Armed Forces of any rank . In 1979 , the Queen approved a proposal that a number of awards , including the Military Cross , could be recommended posthumously ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Amherst_College", "summary": "Amherst College ( /ˈæmərst/ ( listen ) AM-ərst ) is a private liberal arts college in Amherst , Massachusetts . Founded in 1821 as an attempt to relocate Williams College by its then-president Zephaniah Swift Moore , Amherst is the third oldest institution of higher education in Massachusetts . The institution was named after the town , which in turn had been named after Jeffery , Lord Amherst , Commander-in-Chief of British forces of North America during the French and Indian War . Originally established as a men 's college , Amherst became coeducational in 1975 . Amherst is an exclusively undergraduate four-year institution ; the school enrolled 1,855 students in fall 2018 . Students choose courses from 38 major programs in an open curriculum and are not required to study a core curriculum or fulfill any distribution requirements ; students may also design their own interdisciplinary major . For the class of 2023 , Amherst received 10,567 applications and accepted 1,144 , yielding a 10.8% acceptance rate . Amherst was ranked as the best liberal arts college in the country for 2018-19 by The Wall Street Journal , the second best liberal arts college in the country by U.S. News & World Report , and 16th out of all U.S. colleges and universities by Forbes in their 2018 rankings . Amherst competes in the New England Small College Athletic Conference . Amherst has historically had close relationships and rivalries with Williams College and Wesleyan University , which form the Little Three colleges . The college is a member of the Five College Consortium , which allows its students to attend classes at four other Pioneer Valley institutions : Mount Holyoke College , Smith College , Hampshire College , and the University of Massachusetts Amherst ." } ] }, { "value": "Sir Edward Morgan , 1st Baronet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sir_Edward_Morgan,_1st_Baronet", "summary": "Sir Edward Morgan , 1st Baronet of Llantarnam ( died 24 June 1653 ) was a Roman Catholic supporter of Charles I during the Bishops ' War and the English Civil War . Charles created him a baronet in recognition of his services , but his capture during the English Civil War led to his estate being sequestered ." } ] }, { "value": "1616", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1619", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Royalist who held a commission during the Bishops ' War and the English Civil War , before being captured at Hereford and suffering the sequestration of his estate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cavalier", "summary": "Cavalier ( /ˌkævəˈlɪər/ ) was first used by Roundheads as a term of abuse for the wealthier Royalist supporters of King Charles I and his son Charles II of England during the English Civil War , the Interregnum , and the Restoration ( 1642 - c. 1679 ) . It was later adopted by the Royalists themselves . Although it referred originally to political and social attitudes and behaviour , of which clothing was a very small part , it has subsequently become strongly identified with the fashionable clothing of the court at the time . Prince Rupert , commander of much of Charles I 's cavalry , is often considered to be an archetypal Cavalier ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bishops'_War", "summary": "The Bishops ' Wars of 1639 and 1640 are generally viewed as the starting point of the 1639-1652 Wars of the Three Kingdoms that ultimately involved the whole of the British Isles . They originated in long-standing disputes over control and governance of the Church of Scotland or kirk that went back to the 1580s . These came to a head in 1637 when Charles I attempted to impose uniform practices between the kirk and the Church of England . Charles favoured an episcopal system , or rule by bishops , while the majority of Scots advocated a presbyterian system , without bishops . The 1638 National Covenant pledged to oppose these 'innovations ' and the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland voted to expel bishops from the kirk . When Charles resorted to force , the Covenanters defeated Royalist forces in Aberdeenshire in 1639 , then an English army in 1640 , leaving them in control of Scotland ." }, { "url": "/wiki/English_Civil_War", "summary": "The English Civil War ( 1642-1651 ) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians ( Roundheads ) and Royalists ( Cavaliers ) principally over the manner of England 's governance . The first ( 1642-1646 ) and second ( 1648-1649 ) wars pitted the supporters of King Charles I against the supporters of the Long Parliament , while the third ( 1649-1651 ) saw fighting between supporters of King Charles II and supporters of the Rump Parliament . The war ended with Parliamentarian victory at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651 . The outcome of the war was threefold : the trial and execution of Charles I ( 1649 ) ; the exile of his son , Charles II ( 1651 ) ; and the replacement of English monarchy with , at first , the Commonwealth of England ( 1649-1653 ) and then the Protectorate under the personal rule of Oliver Cromwell ( 1653-1658 ) and briefly his son Richard ( 1658-1659 ) . A king had never been executed before . In England , the monopoly of the Church of England on Christian worship was ended , while in Ireland the victors consolidated the established Protestant Ascendancy . Constitutionally , the wars established the precedent that an English monarch can not govern without Parliament 's consent , although the idea of Parliamentary sovereignty was only legally established as part of the Glorious Revolution in 1688 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hereford", "summary": "Hereford ( /ˈhɛrɪfərd/ ( listen ) ) is a cathedral city , civil parish and county town of Herefordshire , England . It lies on the River Wye , approximately 16 miles ( 26 km ) east of the border with Wales , 24 miles ( 39 km ) southwest of Worcester , and 23 miles ( 37 km ) northwest of Gloucester . With a population of 60,415 , it is by far the largest settlement in Herefordshire ." } ] }, { "value": "Thomas Morgan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Morgan_(navy_chaplain)", "summary": "Thomas Morgan ( 6 December 1769 - 22 November 1851 ) was a Welsh navy chaplain who saw action during the French Revolutionary Wars and was involved in the Spithead mutiny before serving as chaplain of the naval dockyard at Portsmouth ." } ] }, { "value": "-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1790", "urls": [] }, { "value": "?", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Matriculated from Wadham College ; a naval chaplain who was injured during the Glorious First of June battle and involved in the Spithead mutiny before becoming chaplain of the naval dockyard at Portsmouth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wadham_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Wadham College ( /ˈwɒdəm/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom . It is located in the centre of Oxford , at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road . Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy Wadham , according to the will of her late husband Nicholas Wadham ( 1531-1609 ) , a member of an ancient Devon and Somerset family . The central buildings , a notable example of Jacobean architecture , were designed by the architect William Arnold and erected between 1610 and 1613 . They include a large and ornate Hall . Adjacent to the central buildings are the Wadham Gardens . Amongst Wadham 's most famous alumni is Sir Christopher Wren . Wren was one of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at Oxford in the 1650s , the Oxford Philosophical Club , which included Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke . This group held regular meetings at Wadham College under the guidance of the warden , John Wilkins , and the group formed the nucleus which went on to found the Royal Society . Wadham is a liberal and progressive college which aims to maintain the diversity of its student body and a friendly atmosphere . Founded as a men 's college , in 1974 it was among the first become coeducational , and the college has a strong reputation as a promoter of gay rights . In 2011 it became the first Oxford college to fly the rainbow flag as part of queer week , a celebration of sexual diversity and individuality ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Military_chaplain", "summary": "A military chaplain ministers to military personnel and , in most cases , their families and civilians working for the military . In some cases they will also work with local civilians within a military area of operations . Although the term chaplain originally had Christian roots , it is generally used today in military organizations to describe all professionals specially trained to serve any spiritual need , regardless of religious affiliation . In addition to offering pastoral care to individuals , and supporting their religious rights and needs , military chaplains may also advise the executive on issues of religion , and ethics , morale and morals as affected by religion . They may also liaise with local religious leaders in an effort to understand the role of religion as a factor both in hostility and war and in reconciliation and peace . Military chaplains normally represent a religion or faith group but work with military personnel of all faiths and none . Some countries , like the Netherlands and Belgium , also employ humanist chaplains who offer a non-religious approach to chaplain support ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Glorious_First_of_June", "summary": "The Glorious First of June ( also known as the Fourth Battle of Ushant or , in France , as the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2 or Combat de Prairial ) [ Note A ] of 1794 was the first and largest fleet action of the naval conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and the First French Republic during the French Revolutionary Wars . The action was the culmination of a campaign that had criss-crossed the Bay of Biscay over the previous month in which both sides had captured numerous merchant ships and minor warships and had engaged in two partial , but inconclusive , fleet actions . The British Channel Fleet under Admiral Lord Howe attempted to prevent the passage of a vital French grain convoy from the United States , which was protected by the French Atlantic Fleet , commanded by Rear-Admiral Villaret-Joyeuse . The two forces clashed in the Atlantic Ocean , some 400 nautical miles ( 700 km ) west of the French island of Ushant on 1 June 1794 . During the battle , Howe defied naval convention by ordering his fleet to turn towards the French and for each of his vessels to rake and engage their immediate opponent . This unexpected order was not understood by all of his captains , and as a result his attack was more piecemeal than he intended . Nevertheless , his ships inflicted a severe tactical defeat on the French fleet . In the aftermath of the battle both fleets were left shattered ; in no condition for further combat , Howe and Villaret returned to their home ports . Despite losing seven of his ships of the line , Villaret had bought enough time for the French grain convoy to reach safety unimpeded by Howe 's fleet , securing a strategic success . However , he was also forced to withdraw his battle fleet back to port , leaving the British free to conduct a campaign of blockade for the remainder of the war . In the immediate aftermath both sides claimed victory and the outcome of the battle was seized upon by the press of both nations as a demonstration of the prowess and bravery of their respective navies . The Glorious First of June demonstrated a number of the major problems inherent in the French and British navies at the start of the Revolutionary Wars ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Spithead_mutiny", "summary": "The Spithead and Nore mutinies were two major mutinies by sailors of the Royal Navy in 1797 . They were the first outbreaks of a significant increase in maritime radicalism in the Atlantic World . Despite their temporal proximity , the mutinies differed in character : while the Spithead mutiny was essentially a strike action , articulating economic grievances , the Nore mutiny was more radical , articulating political ideals as well . The mutinies were extremely concerning for Britain , because at the time the country was at war with Revolutionary France , and the Navy was the most significant component of the war effort . There were also concerns among the government that the mutinies might be part of wider attempts at revolutionary sedition instigated by societies such as the London Corresponding Society and the United Irishmen ." }, { "url": "/wiki/HMNB_Portsmouth", "summary": "Her Majesty 's Naval Base , Portsmouth ( HMNB Portsmouth ) is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy ( the others being HMNB Clyde and HMNB Devonport ) . Portsmouth Naval Base is part of the city of Portsmouth ; it is located on the eastern shore of Portsmouth Harbour , north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight . Until the early 1970s , it was officially known as Portsmouth Royal Dockyard ( or HM Dockyard , Portsmouth ) ; thereafter the term 'Naval Base ' gained currency , acknowledging a greater focus on personnel and support elements alongside the traditional emphasis on building , repairing and maintaining ships . In 1984 Portsmouth 's Royal Dockyard function was downgraded and it was formally renamed the 'Fleet Maintenance and Repair Organisation ' ( FMRO ) . The FMRO was privatized in 1998 ( and for a time ( 2002-2014 ) shipbuilding , in the form of block construction , returned ) . Around the year 2000 , the designation HMS Nelson ( which until then had been specific to Portsmouth 's Naval Barracks in Queen Street ) was extended to cover the entire base . The base is the headquarters for two-thirds of the Royal Navy 's surface fleet , and employs up to 17,200 people. [ when ? ] [ citation needed ] The base is also home to a number of commercial shore activities ( including a ship repair facility operated by BAE Systems Maritime ) ; naval logistics , accommodation and messing ; and personnel support functions ( e.g . medical and dental ; education ; pastoral and welfare ) provided by Defence Equipment and Support . Portsmouth has built sections for , and will be home port to , the two new Royal Navy aircraft carriers , HMS Queen Elizabeth and HMS Prince of Wales . They required the harbour to be dredged to allow safe entry and exit . The project was intended to secure the base 's future for the next forty years and would revitalise shipbuilding in the city ; but , due to budget cuts in 2013 shipbuilding in Portsmouth was closed in favour of BAE keeping its yards in Glasgow open ." } ] }, { "value": "Anton Muttukumaru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anton_Muttukumaru", "summary": "Major General Anton M. Muttukumaru , OBE , ED , ADC , idc ( 6 July 1908 - 2001 ) was the first Ceylonese Army officer to serve as Commander of the Ceylon Army ( now Sri Lankan Army ) , a post he held from 1955 to 1959 . He also served as Ceylon 's High Commissioner to Australia , New Zealand , Pakistan and Ambassador to Egypt ." } ] }, { "value": "1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1931", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA PPE ( 4th )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philosophy,_Politics,_and_Economics", "summary": "Philosophy , politics and economics or politics , philosophy , and economics ( PPE ) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate or postgraduate degree which combines study from three disciplines . The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s . This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi , Burmese politician and State Counsellor of Myanmar , Nobel Peace Prize winner ; Princess Haya bint Hussein daughter of the late King Hussein of Jordan and wife of the ruler of Dubai ; Christopher Hitchens , the British-American polemicist , Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck ; Philippa Foot a British philosopher ; Harold Wilson , Edward Heath and David Cameron , former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom ; Hugh Gaitskell , William Hague and Ed Miliband , former Leaders of the Opposition ; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan ; and Malcolm Fraser , Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott , former Prime Ministers of Australia . The course received fresh attention in 2017 , when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place . In the 1980s , the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model ; King 's College London , the University of Warwick , the University of Manchester , and other British universities later followed . According to the BBC , the Oxford PPE dominate [ s ] public life ( in the UK ) . It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world . More recently Warwick University and Kings College added a new degree under the name of PPL ( Politics , Philosophy and Law ) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees . In the United States , it is offered by two Ivy League universities -- the University of Pennsylvania and Yale University ( under the designation Ethics , Politics and Economics ) . In the non-English speaking world the French grande école Sciences Po ( Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris originally , now existing in 8 other big French cities : Aix , Bordeaux , Grenoble , Lille , Lyon , Rennes , Strasbourg and Toulouse ) offers since the late 19th century an approaching cursus with a wide variety of electives . Sciences Po has been emulated in a number of countries . A good number of French political and entrepreunarial elite and civil servants are Sciences Po graduates , though the vast majority of political ministers and elected officials at the national level prefers or adds the even more selective grande école ENA ( École Nationale d'Administration ) ." } ] }, { "value": "First Ceylonese-born officer to serve as Commander of the Ceylon Army ( 1955-59 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Commander_of_the_Army_(Sri_Lanka)", "summary": "The Commander of the Army is the title of the professional head of the Sri Lanka Army . The Army Commander is assisted by the Chief of Staff of the Army . The current Commander of the Army is Lieutenant General Shavendra Silva ." } ] }, { "value": "Chris Parry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Parry_(Royal_Navy_officer)", "summary": "Rear Admiral Christopher John Parry , CBE is a former Royal Navy officer who was the first Chair of the UK Government 's Marine Management Organisation until 2011 . He is now a strategic forecaster and risk expert ." } ] }, { "value": "1972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1975", "urls": [] }, { "value": "BA Modern History", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rear admiral and military strategist", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rear_admiral_(Royal_Navy)", "summary": "Rear admiral ( RAdm ) is a flag officer rank of the British Royal Navy . It is immediately superior to commodore and is subordinate to vice admiral . It is a two-star rank and has a NATO ranking code of OF-7 . The equivalent rank in the British Army and Royal Marines is major-general ; and in the Royal Air Force , it is air vice-marshal ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Alumni -- Military personnel", "section_text": "T. E. Lawrence , Lawrence of Arabia", "uid": "List_of_alumni_of_Jesus_College,_Oxford_0", "intro": "Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. Its alumni include politicians, lawyers, bishops, poets, and academics. Some went on to become fellows of the college; 14 students later became principal of the college. It was founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I, at the request of a Welsh clergyman, Hugh Price, who was Treasurer of St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire. The college still has strong links with Wales, and about 15% of students are Welsh. There are 340 undergraduates and 190 students carrying out postgraduate studies. Old members of Jesus College are sometimes known as Jesubites. From the world of politics, the college's alumni include two Prime Ministers (Harold Wilson of Britain and Norman Manley of Jamaica), one Speaker of the House of Commons (Sir William Williams), a co-founder of Plaid Cymru (D. J. Williams) and a co-founder of the African National Congress (Pixley ka Isaka Seme). Members of Parliament from the three main political parties in the United Kingdom have attended the college, as have politicians from Australia (Neal Blewett), New Zealand (Harold Rushworth), Sri Lanka (Lalith Athulathmudali) and the United States (Heather Wilson). The list of lawyers include one Lord Chancellor (Lord Sankey) and one Law Lord (Lord du Parcq). The list of clergy includes three Archbishops of Wales (A. G. Edwards, Glyn Simon and Gwilym Williams). Celticists associated with the college include Sir John Morris-Jones, Sir Thomas (T. H.) Parry-Williams and William John Gruffydd, whilst the list of historians includes the college's first graduate, David Powel, who published the first printed history of Wales in 1584, and the Victorian historian John Richard Green." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites_in_Sanilac_County", "title": "List of Michigan State Historic Sites in Sanilac County", "header": [ "Name", "Location", "City", "Listing date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Brown City Banner Commemorative Designation", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brown City Mini Mall , Main Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brown City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brown_City,_Michigan", "summary": "Brown City is a city in Lapeer and Sanilac counties in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,325 at the 2010 census . The city is located almost exclusively in Sanilac County , with only a small portion of the city extending into Lapeer County ." } ] }, { "value": "August 31 , 1993", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brown City Community Schools", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4290 Second Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brown City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brown_City,_Michigan", "summary": "Brown City is a city in Lapeer and Sanilac counties in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,325 at the 2010 census . The city is located almost exclusively in Sanilac County , with only a small portion of the city extending into Lapeer County ." } ] }, { "value": "1986", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Buel Methodist Episcopal Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peck Road ( M-90 ) , 5 miles W of Croswell", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croswell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croswell,_Michigan", "summary": "Croswell is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 2,447 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "August 24 , 1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Old Catholic Rectory", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7229 Denissen Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "February 7 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Church of the Good Shepherd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5646 Main Street , NW corner of Hubbard Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "April 5 , 1974", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croswell Chapel of Trinity Episcopal Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "124 North Howard", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croswell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croswell,_Michigan", "summary": "Croswell is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 2,447 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "February 7 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas U. Dawson House", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6560 Ellsworth", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marlette,_Michigan", "summary": "Marlette is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,875 at the 2010 census . The city is surrounded by Marlette Township , but is administratively autonomous . Marlette is known as The Heart of the Thumb due to its location in Michigan 's thumb ." } ] }, { "value": "January 22 , 1987", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John L. Fead House †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_L._Fead_House", "summary": "The John L. Fead House is a private house located at 5349 Washington Street in Lexington , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 ." } ] }, { "value": "5349 Washington Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "February 7 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad Depot", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3325 Main Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marlette,_Michigan", "summary": "Marlette is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,875 at the 2010 census . The city is surrounded by Marlette Township , but is administratively autonomous . Marlette is known as The Heart of the Thumb due to its location in Michigan 's thumb ." } ] }, { "value": "August 16 , 2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Great Lake Storm of 1913 Informational Designation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Great_Lake_Storm_of_1913", "summary": "The Great Lakes Storm of 1913 , historically referred to as the Big Blow , [ A ] the Freshwater Fury , or the White Hurricane , was a blizzard with hurricane-force winds that devastated the Great Lakes Basin in the Midwestern United States and Ontario , Canada from November 7 through November 10 , 1913 . The storm was most powerful on November 9 , battering and overturning ships on four of the five Great Lakes , particularly Lake Huron . Deceptive lulls in the storm and the slow pace of weather reports contributed to the storm 's destructiveness . The deadliest and most destructive natural disaster to hit the lakes in recorded history , the Great Lakes Storm killed more than 250 people , destroyed 19 ships , and stranded 19 others . The financial loss in vessels alone was nearly US $ 5 million ( or about $ 129,343,000 in today 's dollars ) . This included about $ 1 million at current value in lost cargo totalling about 68,300 tons , such as coal , iron ore , and grain . The storm , an extratropical cyclone , originated as the convergence of two major storm fronts , fueled by the lakes ' relatively warm waters - a seasonal process called a November gale . It produced 90 mph ( 140 km/h ) wind gusts , waves over 35 feet ( 11 m ) high , and whiteout snowsqualls . Analysis of the storm and its impact on humans , engineering structures , and the landscape led to better forecasting and faster responses to storm warnings , stronger construction ( especially of marine vessels ) , and improved preparedness ." } ] }, { "value": "Roadside Park on M-25 , 1.5 miles south of Port Sanilac", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Port Sanilac", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Port_Sanilac,_Michigan", "summary": "Port Sanilac is a village in Sanilac Township , Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 623 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "November 27 , 1956", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Huckins-Norman Farmhouse", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7127 Lake Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "June 6 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington Bank of B. R. Noble", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7245 Huron Avenue", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "September 8 , 1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington Town Hall and Masonic Temple", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5475-5477 Main Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "February 18 , 1982", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joseph M. Loop House †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joseph_M._Loop_House", "summary": "The Loop-Harrison Mansion , also known as the Joseph M. Loop House was built as a private house located at 228 South Ridge Street in Port Sanilac , Michigan . It now serves as part of the Sanilac County Historical Museum . The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972 ." } ] }, { "value": "228 South Ridge Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Port Sanilac", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Port_Sanilac,_Michigan", "summary": "Port Sanilac is a village in Sanilac Township , Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 623 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "December 10 , 1971", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlette Township Library", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3116 Gurdon T. Wolfe Avenue", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marlette", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marlette,_Michigan", "summary": "Marlette is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,875 at the 2010 census . The city is surrounded by Marlette Township , but is administratively autonomous . Marlette is known as The Heart of the Thumb due to its location in Michigan 's thumb ." } ] }, { "value": "August 3 , 1979", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles H. Moore Library †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moore_Public_Library_(Lexington,_Michigan)", "summary": "The Moore Public Library is a library building located at 7239 Huron Avenue Lexington , Michigan . The building was formerly a professional office , and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "7239 Huron Avenue", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "August 12 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas and Margaret Spencer Matthews Farm †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_and_Margaret_Spencer_Matthews_Farm", "summary": "The Thomas and Margaret Spencer Matthews Farm is a farm located at 5916 East Gardner Line Road near Amadore , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995 ." } ] }, { "value": "5916 Gardner Line Road", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Croswell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Croswell,_Michigan", "summary": "Croswell is a city in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 2,447 at the 2010 census ." } ] }, { "value": "February 16 , 1995", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles H. Moore-Albert E. Sleeper House †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_H._Moore-Albert_E._Sleeper_House", "summary": "The Charles H. Moore-Albert E. Sleeper House was built as a private house located , at 7277 Simons Street in Lexington , Michigan , and was the residence and slater summer home of Michigan governor Albert E. Sleeper . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 . The house is now a bed and breakfast , known as A Captain 's Quarters Inn ." } ] }, { "value": "7277 Simons Street", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "April 15 , 1977", "urls": [] }, { "value": "New Carroll House", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4164 Main", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brown City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brown_City,_Michigan", "summary": "Brown City is a city in Lapeer and Sanilac counties in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,325 at the 2010 census . The city is located almost exclusively in Sanilac County , with only a small portion of the city extending into Lapeer County ." } ] }, { "value": "January 19 , 1989", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Reuben Nims House †", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Reuben_Nims_House", "summary": "The William Reuben Nims House is a private house located at 7156 Huron Avenue in Lexington , Michigan . It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985 ." } ] }, { "value": "7156 Huron Avenue ( M-90 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lexington", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lexington,_Michigan", "summary": "Lexington is a village in Sanilac County in the U.S. state of Michigan . The population was 1,178 at the 2010 census . The village is located within Lexington Township ." } ] }, { "value": "December 3 , 1980", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Current listings", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Michigan_State_Historic_Sites_in_Sanilac_County,_Michigan_0", "intro": "The following is a list of Michigan State Historic Sites in Sanilac County, Michigan. Sites marked with a dagger (†) are also listed on the National Register of Historic Places in Sanilac County, Michigan." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksys_Games", "title": "Aksys Games", "header": [ "Title", "First release", "Developer ( s )", "Platform ( s )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Hooked ! Real Motion Fishing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hooked!_Real_Motion_Fishing", "summary": "Hooked ! Real Motion Fishing is a fishing video game for the Wii video game console , released on October 30 , 2007 . The game supports Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection and comes with a free fishing rod attachment with the game 's purchase . Hooked ! Real Motion Fishing is the localized version of Bass Fishing Wii : Rokumaru Densetsu in Japan . In Europe , the game is called Big Catch Bass Fishing , which is also the name given to an otherwise unrelated Nintendo DS fishing game developed by Starfish-SD . Players fish in 6 locations using 4 casting methods . Allows online play with up to 4 people . This game was developed by SIMS , the developer of several fishing games including Sega Marine Fishing , the Dreamcast version of Sega Bass Fishing , and Top Angler : Real Bass Fishing ." } ] }, { "value": "October 30 , 2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "SIMS", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SIMS_Co.,_Ltd.", "summary": "SIMS Co. , Ltd. ( シムス株式会社 , Shimusu Kabushiki-gaisha ) , which stands for Soft development Innovation Multi Success , is a Japanese video game publisher and developer originally established on June 12 , 1991 as a joint venture of Sanritsu Denki Co. , Ltd. and Sega Enterprises , Ltd. About 50 employees transferred over from Sanritsu . SIMS became independent of the Sega group on June 25 , 2004 , when Representative Director Noboru Machida took over all stock from the veteran game maker" } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "Guilty Gear XX Accent Core", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guilty_Gear_XX_Accent_Core", "summary": "Guilty Gear X2 ( released as Guilty Gear XX : The Midnight Carnival in Japan ) is a 2D fighting video game developed by Arc System Works , and published by Sammy Studios . First released on May 23 , 2002 , for the arcades , in Japan , it was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , and published in North America in 2003 . The game received updated versions for several platforms : Guilty Gear X2 # Reload ( 2003 ) , Guilty Gear XX Slash ( 2005 ) , Guilty Gear XX Accent Core ( 2006 ) , Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Plus ( 2008 ) , and Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Plus R ( 2012 ) . Each update served to the company to perform adjustments comparing to the previous versions and was published in different platforms and regions . Although each installment has received both praise and criticism for its particularities , all the Guilty Gear X2 updated versions have generally been well received by critics . Graphics , online option and its price were the aspects most praised for the first update , while Accent Core divided opinions about its innovations and was panned by its Wii controls . Core Plus was the source of much praise , although it was not totally satisfying for reviewers ; Plus R , however , is the one that has the lowest average scores from GameRankings and Metacritic . Sales-wise , there is a decline from # Reload to Core Plus ." } ] }, { "value": "November 15 , 2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "MiniCopter : Adventure Flight", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 11 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sonic Powered", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sonic_Powered", "summary": "Sonic Powered Co. , Ltd . is a Japanese software development company located in Nagoya , Aichi prefecture . They mainly focus on mobile and console games , and software for business purposes ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "River City Ransom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/River_City_Ransom", "summary": "River City Ransom [ b ] , later released as Street Gangs in the PAL regions , is an open world action role-playing beat 'em up video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System . It was developed by Technōs Japan and originally released in Japan on April 25 , 1989 . It is the third game in Technos ' Kunio-kun series released for the console , preceded by Renegade and Super Dodge Ball . Like its predecessors , River City Ransom underwent great changes in its storyline and graphical presentation during its localization in order to make the game more palatable in the Western market . It was one of the first console games published by North American subsidiary American Technos . Remakes of the game have been released for the Sharp X68000 , PC-Engine Super CD-ROM² , and Game Boy Advance ( GBA ) . The NES version was re-released for the Nintendo Wii Virtual Console in 2007 as well as the Nintendo Wii U Virtual Console in October 2015 . It was also released on the Nintendo 3DS Virtual Console in the PAL Regions in July 25 , 2013 and in North America in November 14 , 2013 . It was released again on the Nintendo Switch Online service on its launch day , September 18 , 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 21 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Technos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technōs_Japan", "summary": "Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer , best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun ( which includes Renegade , Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom ) franchises . As of June 2015 , Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of Technōs Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( Virtual Console )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virtual_Console", "summary": "Virtual Console ( バーチャルコンソール , Bācharu Konsōru ) , also abbreviated as VC , is a line of downloadable video games ( mostly unaltered ) for Nintendo 's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console . The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles . These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation ( excluding GBA titles on 3DS ) , and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points ( Wii ) , US $ 2.99 and US $ 6.99 ( 3DS ) and US $ 4.99 and US $ 9.99 ( Wii U ) depending on system , rarity , and/or demand . Virtual Console 's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super NES , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , Nintendo 64 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS , as well as Sega 's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive , NEC 's TurboGrafx-16 , and SNK 's Neo Geo AES . The service for the Wii also included games for platforms that were known only in select regions , such as the Commodore 64 ( Europe and North America ) and MSX ( Japan ) , as well as Virtual Console Arcade , which allowed players to download video arcade games . Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times . The sale of past games through the Virtual Console is one of Nintendo 's reasons for opposing software piracy of old console games ." } ] }, { "value": "Double Dragon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Double_Dragon", "summary": "Double Dragon , Daburu Doragon - Sō Setsu Ryū ) . This beat 'em up video game series was initially developed by Technōs Japan and released as an arcade game in 1987 . The series stars twin martial artists , Billy and Jimmy Lee , as they fight against various adversaries and rivals . Due to the popularity of the game series , an animated series and live-action film adaptation have also been produced as well as being panned by critics and audiences alike . The franchise is now the property of Arc System Works , the company that had ported the original Double Dragon to the Sega Master System console in 1988 ." } ] }, { "value": "April 28 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Technos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technōs_Japan", "summary": "Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer , best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun ( which includes Renegade , Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom ) franchises . As of June 2015 , Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of Technōs Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( Virtual Console )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virtual_Console", "summary": "Virtual Console ( バーチャルコンソール , Bācharu Konsōru ) , also abbreviated as VC , is a line of downloadable video games ( mostly unaltered ) for Nintendo 's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console . The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles . These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation ( excluding GBA titles on 3DS ) , and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points ( Wii ) , US $ 2.99 and US $ 6.99 ( 3DS ) and US $ 4.99 and US $ 9.99 ( Wii U ) depending on system , rarity , and/or demand . Virtual Console 's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super NES , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , Nintendo 64 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS , as well as Sega 's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive , NEC 's TurboGrafx-16 , and SNK 's Neo Geo AES . The service for the Wii also included games for platforms that were known only in select regions , such as the Commodore 64 ( Europe and North America ) and MSX ( Japan ) , as well as Virtual Console Arcade , which allowed players to download video arcade games . Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times . The sale of past games through the Virtual Console is one of Nintendo 's reasons for opposing software piracy of old console games ." } ] }, { "value": "Renegade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renegade_(video_game)", "summary": "Renegade is a side-scrolling beat-'em-up developed by Technos Japan and distributed by Taito for the arcades in 1986 . The player controls a street brawler who must face four different gangs in order to rescue his girlfriend being held captive by a mob boss . The game was released in Japan as Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun ( Japanese : 熱血硬派くにおくん , which loosely translates to Hot-Blooded Tough Guy Kunio ) , with this version of the game revolving around a high-school delinquent named Kunio who must stand up against a series of rival gangs frequently targeting his classmate Hiroshi . In order to make the game more appealing for the west , Technos produced a graphically-altered version with a visual style inspired by the 1979 film The Warriors , changing the looks of some of the game 's characters and scenery . The first game in the Kunio-kun series , Renegade was ported to a variety of consoles and computer platforms ." } ] }, { "value": "May 5 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Technos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technōs_Japan", "summary": "Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer , best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun ( which includes Renegade , Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom ) franchises . As of June 2015 , Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of Technōs Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( Virtual Console )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virtual_Console", "summary": "Virtual Console ( バーチャルコンソール , Bācharu Konsōru ) , also abbreviated as VC , is a line of downloadable video games ( mostly unaltered ) for Nintendo 's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console . The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles . These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation ( excluding GBA titles on 3DS ) , and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points ( Wii ) , US $ 2.99 and US $ 6.99 ( 3DS ) and US $ 4.99 and US $ 9.99 ( Wii U ) depending on system , rarity , and/or demand . Virtual Console 's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super NES , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , Nintendo 64 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS , as well as Sega 's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive , NEC 's TurboGrafx-16 , and SNK 's Neo Geo AES . The service for the Wii also included games for platforms that were known only in select regions , such as the Commodore 64 ( Europe and North America ) and MSX ( Japan ) , as well as Virtual Console Arcade , which allowed players to download video arcade games . Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times . The sale of past games through the Virtual Console is one of Nintendo 's reasons for opposing software piracy of old console games ." } ] }, { "value": "Castle of Shikigami III", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Castle_of_Shikigami_III", "summary": "Castle of Shikigami III ( Shikigami no Shiro episode-3 or 式神の城 III in Japan ) is a bullet hell released in Japan in video arcades in 2005 , the Windows platform in 2006 and for the Xbox 360 and Wii in 2007 . It is the fourth game in the Shikigami no Shiro series , following two shooters and a spin-off adventure game . The game was published in North America , for the Wii by Aksys Games with only an English voice dub . It was released on May 13 , 2008 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 13 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Alfa System", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alfa_System", "summary": "Alfa System is a development and planning company from Kumamoto City , Japan . The company was founded in 1988 . In their early years Alfa System developed exclusively for NEC consoles with Hudson Soft and other publishers . They later worked closely with Sony Computer Entertainment and Bandai Namco on the Tales of series ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Table Tennis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Table_Tennis", "summary": "Family Table Tennis ( Okiraku Ping Pong Wii in Japan ) is a table tennis video game developed by Arc System Works for the Wii and Nintendo 3DS . It was released as a WiiWare launch title in Japan on March 25 , 2008 , and on May 26 , 2008 in North America at a cost of 500 Wii Points . In the PAL regions , it was released on March 13 , 2009 at a cost of 800 Wii Points ." } ] }, { "value": "May 26 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Super Dodge Ball", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Super_Dodge_Ball", "summary": "Super Dodge Ball [ a ] is a dodgeball-based sports game produced by Technos Japan Corp. originally released as an arcade game in 1987 . In Japan , it was the second game starring Technos Japan 's video game character Kunio-kun , following Nekketsu Kōha Kunio-kun ( the Japanese version of Renegade ) , although the connection between the two games was removed in the western release . Various home versions and sequels of the game have been released for various platforms ." } ] }, { "value": "September 22 , 2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Technos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technōs_Japan", "summary": "Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer , best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun ( which includes Renegade , Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom ) franchises . As of June 2015 , Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of Technōs Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( Virtual Console )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virtual_Console", "summary": "Virtual Console ( バーチャルコンソール , Bācharu Konsōru ) , also abbreviated as VC , is a line of downloadable video games ( mostly unaltered ) for Nintendo 's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console . The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles . These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation ( excluding GBA titles on 3DS ) , and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points ( Wii ) , US $ 2.99 and US $ 6.99 ( 3DS ) and US $ 4.99 and US $ 9.99 ( Wii U ) depending on system , rarity , and/or demand . Virtual Console 's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super NES , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , Nintendo 64 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS , as well as Sega 's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive , NEC 's TurboGrafx-16 , and SNK 's Neo Geo AES . The service for the Wii also included games for platforms that were known only in select regions , such as the Commodore 64 ( Europe and North America ) and MSX ( Japan ) , as well as Virtual Console Arcade , which allowed players to download video arcade games . Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times . The sale of past games through the Virtual Console is one of Nintendo 's reasons for opposing software piracy of old console games ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Glide Hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Glide_Hockey", "summary": "Family Glide Hockey ( Okiraku Air Hockey Wii in Japan ) is an air hockey video game developed by Arc System Works for WiiWare . It was released in Japan on October 21 , 2008 , and later released in North America on January 19 , 2009 and the PAL regions on January 30 , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "January 19 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Bit.Trip Beat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bit.Trip_Beat", "summary": "Bit.Trip Beat , marketed as BIT.TRIP BEAT , is an arcade-style music video game developed by Gaijin Games and published by Aksys Games for the Wii 's WiiWare download service . It was released in 2009 in North America , and released in Japan and PAL regions in the same year . It was later released for the Windows and Mac OS X through the download service Steam in 2010 , while Namco Bandai published it for iOS on iPod Touch , iPhone , and iPad in both Bit.Trip Beat and Bit.Trip Beat HD versions . Android and Linux versions debuted in the Humble Android Bundle 3 . The WiiWare version is controlled by tilting the Wii Remote while holding it on its side . Players are placed in control of a paddle on the left side of the screen which , much like Pong , is tasked with deflecting squares that are coming from the right side . Each successful hit creates a sound effect that contributes to the background music , which was composed by an anonymous composer at Petrified Productions . A soundtrack was eventually released for the game 's music , including some songs by micromusican Bit Shifter who composed the Title Screen and Credits music . Since its release , Bit.Trip Beat received generally positive reception , holding an 80 and 80.15% from Metacritic and GameRankings , respectively . Wired named it the fifth best Wii game of 2009 , while IGN named it the eighth best WiiWare game . The most common praise for it was what multiple reviewers describe as addictive gameplay , stylish visuals , and a great soundtrack . However , certain reviewers criticized its short game length and high level of difficulty ." } ] }, { "value": "March 16 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gaijin Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaijin_Games", "summary": "Choice Provisions Inc. , formerly known as Gaijin Games Inc. prior to June 2014 , is an independent video game development studio , best known for their Bit.Trip series of video games . The studio was founded in 2007 by Alex Neuse , Mike Roush , and Chris Osborn and is located in Santa Cruz , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Pirate Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Pirate_Party", "summary": "Family Pirate Party ( Okiraku Sugoroku Wii in Japan ) is a pirate-themed party video game developed by Arc System Works for WiiWare . It was released in Japan on January 17 , 2009 , and later , released in North America on May 11 , 2009 and the PAL region on July 30 , 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "May 11 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Plus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guilty_Gear_XX_Accent_Core_Plus", "summary": "Guilty Gear X2 ( released as Guilty Gear XX : The Midnight Carnival in Japan ) is a 2D fighting video game developed by Arc System Works , and published by Sammy Studios . First released on May 23 , 2002 , for the arcades , in Japan , it was later ported to the PlayStation 2 , and published in North America in 2003 . The game received updated versions for several platforms : Guilty Gear X2 # Reload ( 2003 ) , Guilty Gear XX Slash ( 2005 ) , Guilty Gear XX Accent Core ( 2006 ) , Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Plus ( 2008 ) , and Guilty Gear XX Accent Core Plus R ( 2012 ) . Each update served to the company to perform adjustments comparing to the previous versions and was published in different platforms and regions . Although each installment has received both praise and criticism for its particularities , all the Guilty Gear X2 updated versions have generally been well received by critics . Graphics , online option and its price were the aspects most praised for the first update , while Accent Core divided opinions about its innovations and was panned by its Wii controls . Core Plus was the source of much praise , although it was not totally satisfying for reviewers ; Plus R , however , is the one that has the lowest average scores from GameRankings and Metacritic . Sales-wise , there is a decline from # Reload to Core Plus ." } ] }, { "value": "May 12 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Mini Golf", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Mini_Golf", "summary": "Family Mini Golf ( Okiraku Putter Golf in Japan ) is a miniature golf video game developed by Arc System Works for WiiWare . It was released in Japan on March 10 , 2009 , in North America on June 22 , 2009 and in the PAL region on April 2 , 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "June 22 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Bit.Trip Core", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bit.Trip_Core", "summary": "Bit.Trip Core , marketed as BIT.TRIP CORE , is an arcade-style rhythm game developed by Gaijin Games and published by Aksys Games for the Wii 's WiiWare download service . It is the second game in the Bit.Trip series , directly succeeding Bit.Trip Beat and preceding Bit.Trip Void , Bit.Trip Runner , Bit.Trip Fate and Bit.Trip Flux ." } ] }, { "value": "July 6 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gaijin Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaijin_Games", "summary": "Choice Provisions Inc. , formerly known as Gaijin Games Inc. prior to June 2014 , is an independent video game development studio , best known for their Bit.Trip series of video games . The studio was founded in 2007 by Alex Neuse , Mike Roush , and Chris Osborn and is located in Santa Cruz , California ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Slot Car Racing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Slot_Car_Racing", "summary": "Family Slot Car Racing ( Okiraku Slot Car Racing in Japan ) is a racing game developed by Arc System Works for WiiWare . It was released in Japan on February 10 , 2009 , in PAL regions on August 14 , 2009 , and in North America on August 17 , 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "August 17 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Crash ' n the Boys : Street Challenge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Crash_'n_the_Boys:_Street_Challenge", "summary": "Crash ' n ' the Boys : Street Challenge , released in Japan as Bikkuri Nekketsu Shin Kiroku ! Harukanaru Kin Medal ( びっくり熱血新記録！はるかなる金メダル , lit . The Astonishing New Records of Nekketsu ! Distant Gold Medal ) is a 1992 sports game for the NES by Technos Japan Corp. A Game Boy version of the game was also released in Japan only . The game featured Olympic style contests without rules or regulations , between five teams . The games included 400 metres hurdles , Hammer throw , Swimming , Roof Top Jumping , and Fighting Scene . It was re-released for the Wii Virtual Console on September 14 , 2009 and later for the Nintendo 3DS on November 28 , 2013 and for the Wii U on December 11 , 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "September 14 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Technos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Technōs_Japan", "summary": "Technōs Japan Corp. was a Japanese video game developer , best known for the Double Dragon and Kunio-kun ( which includes Renegade , Super Dodge Ball and River City Ransom ) franchises . As of June 2015 , Arc System Works owns the intellectual properties of Technōs Japan ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( Virtual Console )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Virtual_Console", "summary": "Virtual Console ( バーチャルコンソール , Bācharu Konsōru ) , also abbreviated as VC , is a line of downloadable video games ( mostly unaltered ) for Nintendo 's Wii and Wii U home video game consoles and the Nintendo 3DS handheld game console . The Virtual Console lineup consists of titles originally released on past home and handheld consoles . These titles are run in their original forms through software emulation ( excluding GBA titles on 3DS ) , and can be purchased from the Wii Shop Channel or Nintendo eShop for between 500 and 1200 Wii Points ( Wii ) , US $ 2.99 and US $ 6.99 ( 3DS ) and US $ 4.99 and US $ 9.99 ( Wii U ) depending on system , rarity , and/or demand . Virtual Console 's library of past games currently consists of titles originating from the Nintendo Entertainment System , Super NES , Game Boy , Game Boy Color , Nintendo 64 , Game Boy Advance , and Nintendo DS , as well as Sega 's Master System and Genesis/Mega Drive , NEC 's TurboGrafx-16 , and SNK 's Neo Geo AES . The service for the Wii also included games for platforms that were known only in select regions , such as the Commodore 64 ( Europe and North America ) and MSX ( Japan ) , as well as Virtual Console Arcade , which allowed players to download video arcade games . Virtual Console titles have been downloaded over ten million times . The sale of past games through the Virtual Console is one of Nintendo 's reasons for opposing software piracy of old console games ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Tennis", "urls": [] }, { "value": "September 21 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Family Card Games", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Family_Card_Games", "summary": "Family Card Games ( Titled Okiraku Daifugō Wii ( おきらく大富豪Wii ) in Japan ) is a video game developed by Arc System Works for the Wii . It was released as a WiiWare title in Japan on June 6 , 2009 , on November 11 , 2009 , in North America and on August 11 , 2010 , in PAL territories at a cost of 500 Wii Points . The game is the 7th in its series and brings an end to the long line of video games branded as Okiraku in Japan and Family games in North America and PAL territories , such as Family Table Tennis and Family Glide Hockey ." } ] }, { "value": "November 2 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arc System Works", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arc_System_Works", "summary": "Arc System Works Co. , Ltd. ( 株式会社アークシステムワークス , Kabushiki gaisha Āku Shisutemu Wākusu ) is a video game developer and publisher located in Yokohama . Founded by Minoru Kidooka in 1988 , the company is known for arcade 2D fighting game franchises , including Guilty Gear and BlazBlue , as well as other licensed-based fighting games for Dragon Ball and Persona 4 Arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Wii ( WiiWare )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/WiiWare", "summary": "WiiWare was a service that allowed Wii users to download games and applications specifically designed and developed for the Wii video game console made by Nintendo . These games and applications could only be purchased and downloaded from the Wii Shop Channel under the WiiWare section . Once the user had downloaded the game or application , it would appear in their Wii Menu or SD Card Menu as a new channel . WiiWare was a companion to the Virtual Console , which specializes in emulated games originally developed for other systems instead of original games . WiiWare was promoted as an avenue for developers with small budgets to release innovative , original , and smaller-scale games without the cost and risk of creating a title to be sold at retail ( akin to Xbox Live Arcade and the PlayStation Store ) . The development kit cost around US $ 2000 and developers needed to be licensed with and approved by Nintendo . According to Nintendo , the remarkable motion controls will give birth to fresh takes on established genres , as well as original ideas that currently exist only in developers ' minds . Nintendo handled all pricing options for the downloadable games . Like Virtual Console games , WiiWare was purchased using Wii Shop Points . However , unlike Virtual Console games , instruction manuals were stored on the Wii Shop Channel itself . Unlike its portable equivalent DSiWare , WiiWare games are currently unavailable natively via the Nintendo eShop . However , WiiWare games were purchasable and fully playable on the Wii U console - the Wii 's successor - via Wii Mode ." } ] }, { "value": "Hooked ! Again : Real Motion Fishing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "November 3 , 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "SIMS Co. , Ltd", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/SIMS_Co.,_Ltd.", "summary": "SIMS Co. , Ltd. ( シムス株式会社 , Shimusu Kabushiki-gaisha ) , which stands for Soft development Innovation Multi Success , is a Japanese video game publisher and developer originally established on June 12 , 1991 as a joint venture of Sanritsu Denki Co. , Ltd. and Sega Enterprises , Ltd. About 50 employees transferred over from Sanritsu . SIMS became independent of the Sega group on June 25 , 2004 , when Representative Director Noboru Machida took over all stock from the veteran game maker" } ] }, { "value": "Wii", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wii", "summary": "The Wii ( /wiː/ WEE ; known unofficially as the Nintendo Wii ) is a home video game console released by Nintendo on November 19 , 2006 . As a seventh-generation console , the Wii competed with Microsoft 's Xbox 360 and Sony 's PlayStation 3 . Nintendo states that its console targets a broader demographic than that of the two others . As of the first quarter of 2016 [ update ] , the Wii led its generation over the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in worldwide sales , with more than 101 million units sold ; in December 2009 , the console broke the sales record for a single month in the United States . The Wii introduced the Wii Remote controller , which can be used as a handheld pointing device and which detects movement in three dimensions . The console runs games supplied on Wii optical discs . It also supported the now discontinued WiiConnect24 service , which enabled Wii to receive messages and updates over the Internet while in standby mode . Like other seventh-generation consoles it supported a service , called Virtual Console , that downloaded emulated games from past Nintendo consoles , support for online video streaming such as BBC iPlayer , and other services provided by Nintendo over the Internet . From June 28 , 2013 , Internet services were gradually discontinued ; since January 31 , 2019 , only re-download of games , system software update , and transfer of data between Wii and Wii U continued to be available , to be withdrawn at an unspecified future date . Wii Points could no longer be purchased after March 2018 , and could not be used and were permanently lost from January 31 , 2019 . The Wii succeeded the GameCube ; early models are fully backward-compatible with all GameCube games and most accessories . Nintendo first spoke of the console at the E3 2004 press conference and later unveiled it at E3 2005 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Video games -- Console games", "section_text": "", "uid": "Aksys_Games_3", "intro": "Aksys Games Localization, Inc. is a video game publisher that specializes in translating and localizing Japanese video games for English-speaking markets. It was founded by Akibo Shieh in 2006. Some of its clients include Namco Bandai Games, Xseed Games, and Atlus USA. Aksys Games is best known for its involvement in the Guilty Gear series. It has become a full-fledged game publisher with the announcement of Eagle Eye Golf for PlayStation 2, and has expressed a desire to publish for all current platforms from Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony. The company's name is coincidentally similar to Arc System Works, with whom it has a partnership. Despite their similar names, and the partnership between them, neither company owns the other. Aksys Games publishes many games for Arc System Works in North America, and has even assisted the latter in releasing the Bit.Trip series in Japan. Aksys is also the North American distributor for the European publisher Rising Star Games." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "title": "Soviet Union at the 1980 Winter Olympics", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anatoly Alyabyev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anatoly_Alyabyev", "summary": "Anatoly Nikolayevich Alyabyev ( Russian : Анато́лий Никола́евич Аля́бьев ; born 12 December 1951 ) is a former Soviet biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex Cross Country Biathlon Center . This Olympic featured the debut of the 10 kilometre sprint event . The events began on 16 February and ended on 22 February 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 20 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vladimir Alikin Aleksandr Tikhonov Vladimir Barnashov Anatoly Alyabyev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Alikin", "summary": "Vladimir Alexandrovich Alikin ( Russian : Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Али́кин ; born 10 May 1957 ) is a Soviet former biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Aleksandr_Tikhonov", "summary": "Alexander Ivanovich Tikhonov ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Ива́нович Ти́хонов ; born 2 January 1947 ) is a former Soviet biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Barnashov", "summary": "Vladimir Mikhaylovich Barnashov ( Russian : Владимир Михайлович Барнашов ; born 26 February 1951 ) is a Soviet former biathlete ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Anatoly_Alyabyev", "summary": "Anatoly Nikolayevich Alyabyev ( Russian : Анато́лий Никола́евич Аля́бьев ; born 12 December 1951 ) is a former Soviet biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex Cross Country Biathlon Center . This Olympic featured the debut of the 10 kilometre sprint event . The events began on 16 February and ended on 22 February 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 4 x 7.5 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nikolay Zimyatov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Zimyatov", "summary": "Nikolay Semyonovich Zimyatov ( Russian : Николай Семёнович Зимятов ; born 28 June 1955 ) , is one of the most successful Soviet/Russian male cross-country skiers . He was the first man in the sport to win three gold medals at a single Winter Olympics , in the 30 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay at the 1980 Lake Placid Games . In the 50 km race he finished two and half minutes ahead of the second place . He also won the 30 km event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and was awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples that year . At the world championships Zimyatov won only one medal , a silver over 30 km in 1978 . Nationally he collected four Soviet titles : in the 30 km and 4 × 10 km relay in 1978 , and in the 15 and 30 km in 1979 . After retiring from competitions he had a long career as a cross-country skiing coach and prepared the Russian team for the 2002 Olympics . In 1980 he married a fellow international skier Lyubov Sykova ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 30 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nikolay Zimyatov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Zimyatov", "summary": "Nikolay Semyonovich Zimyatov ( Russian : Николай Семёнович Зимятов ; born 28 June 1955 ) , is one of the most successful Soviet/Russian male cross-country skiers . He was the first man in the sport to win three gold medals at a single Winter Olympics , in the 30 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay at the 1980 Lake Placid Games . In the 50 km race he finished two and half minutes ahead of the second place . He also won the 30 km event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and was awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples that year . At the world championships Zimyatov won only one medal , a silver over 30 km in 1978 . Nationally he collected four Soviet titles : in the 30 km and 4 × 10 km relay in 1978 , and in the 15 and 30 km in 1979 . After retiring from competitions he had a long career as a cross-country skiing coach and prepared the Russian team for the 2002 Olympics . In 1980 he married a fellow international skier Lyubov Sykova ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 50 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vasily Rochev Nikolay Bazhukov Yevgeny Belyayev Nikolay Zimyatov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vasily_Rochev_(skier,_born_1951)", "summary": "Vasily Pavlovich Rochev ( Russian : Васи́лий Па́влович Рочев ) ( born 22 December 1951 in the village of Bakur , Izhemsky District , Komi ASSR ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the 1970s and early 1980s , training at Dynamo in Syktyvkar . He won two medals for the Soviet Union at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York , with a gold in the 4 × 10 km relay and a silver in the 30 km . Rochev also won two medals at the 1974 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 15 km . Married to Nina Selyunina , he is the father of Vasily Rochev who won the bronze medal in the team sprint at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , and four medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf with a gold in the individual sprint ( 2005 ) , silvers in the team sprint and relay ( both 2007 ) , and a bronze in the 4 × 10 km relay ( 2007 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Bazhukov", "summary": "Nikolay Serafimovich Bazhukov ( Russian : Николай Серафимович Бажуков ) ( born July 23 , 1953 in Troitsko-Pechorsk , Komi ASSR ) is a Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1976 to 1980 . He won the 15 km gold and the 4 × 10 km relay bronze at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , then followed it with a 4 × 10 km relay gold at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Bazhukov trained at the Armed Forces sports society ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yevgeny_Belyayev", "summary": "Yevgeny Prokopievich Belyayev ( Russian : Евге́ний Проко́пьевич Беля́ев ) ( March 20 , 1954 - March 15 , 2003 ) was a Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the 1970s and 1980s , representing the Soviet Union at the international level . Belyayev trained at VSS Trud in Leningrad until 1981 and at Dynamo in the same city since then . He won the 15 km silver and the 4 × 10 km relay bronze at the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , then followed it with a 4 × 10 km relay gold at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Belyayev also won two silvers at the 1978 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in the 15 km and the 50 km ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nikolay_Zimyatov", "summary": "Nikolay Semyonovich Zimyatov ( Russian : Николай Семёнович Зимятов ; born 28 June 1955 ) , is one of the most successful Soviet/Russian male cross-country skiers . He was the first man in the sport to win three gold medals at a single Winter Olympics , in the 30 km , 50 km and 4 × 10 km relay at the 1980 Lake Placid Games . In the 50 km race he finished two and half minutes ahead of the second place . He also won the 30 km event at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo and was awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples that year . At the world championships Zimyatov won only one medal , a silver over 30 km in 1978 . Nationally he collected four Soviet titles : in the 30 km and 4 × 10 km relay in 1978 , and in the 15 and 30 km in 1979 . After retiring from competitions he had a long career as a cross-country skiing coach and prepared the Russian team for the 2002 Olympics . In 1980 he married a fellow international skier Lyubov Sykova ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 4 × 10 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Raisa Smetanina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Raisa_Smetanina", "summary": "Raisa Petrovna Smetanina ( Russian : Раиса Петровна Сметанина ; born 29 February 1952 ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skiing champion . Smetanina is an ethnic Komi . She is the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals ( Stefania Belmondo being the second , Marit Bjørgen the third , and Ireen Wüst the fourth ) . Smetanina took part in five Olympics , representing the Soviet team four times and the Unified Team once . In particular , Smetanina won two gold and one silver medals at the 1976 Winter Olympics , becoming the most successful athlete there , along with Rosi Mittermaier of West Germany . In the 1992 Winter Olympics , at the age of thirty-nine , Smetanina won a further gold medal competing for the Unified Team in the 4 × 5 km relay , becoming the first woman to win ten Winter Olympic medals and at that time the oldest woman to win a Winter Olympic gold . Smetanina also had successes at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships , winning four golds ( 20 km ( 1982 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1974 , 1985 , and 1991 ) , three silvers ( 10 km ( 1978 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1982 , 1989 ) ) , and four bronzes ( 4 × 5 km relay ( 1978 ) , 5 km ( 1974 , 1978 ) , and 20 km ( 1980 ) ) . She also won three times at the Holmenkollen ski festival , once in the 10 km ( 1975 ) and twice in the 5 km ( 1975 and 1979 ) . In 1979 , Smetanina received the Holmenkollen medal ( shared with Erik Håker and Ingemar Stenmark ) . She was also awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1984 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 5 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Irina Rodnina Alexander Zaitsev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Irina_Rodnina", "summary": "Irina Konstantinovna Rodnina ( Russian : Ирина Константиновна Роднина , IPA : [ ɪˈrʲinə kənstɐnˈtʲinəvnə rədʲnʲɪˈna ] ; born 12 September 1949 ) is a Russian politician and figure skater , who is the only pair skater to win 10 successive World Championships ( 1969-78 ) and three successive Olympic gold medals ( 1972 , 1976 , 1980 ) . She was elected to the State Duma in the 2007 legislative election as a member of President Vladimir Putin 's United Russia party . As a figure skater , she initially competed with Alexei Ulanov and later teamed up with Alexander Zaitsev . She is the first pair skater to win the Olympic title with two different partners , followed only by Artur Dmitriev ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Gennadiyevich_Zaitsev", "summary": "Alexander Gennadiyevich Zaitsev ( Russian : Александр Геннадиевич Зайцев , born 16 June 1952 in Leningrad ) is a retired pair skater who represented the Soviet Union . With partner Irina Rodnina , he is a two-time ( 1976 , 1980 ) Olympic champion , six-time World champion and seven-time European champion . From 1973 to 1980 they won every event they entered . They were coached by Stanislav Zhuk and later Tatiana Tarasova in Moscow ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Center Arena in Lake Placid , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Pairs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Natalia Linichuk Gennadi Karponossov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalia_Linichuk", "summary": "Natalya Vladimirovna Linichuk ( Russian : Наталья Владимировна Линичук​ ( help·info ) ; born 6 February 1956 ) is a Russian ice dancing coach and former competitive ice dancer for the Soviet Union . With partner and husband Gennadi Karponosov , she is the 1980 Olympic champion and a two-time World champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Gennadi_Karponossov", "summary": "Gennadi Mikhailovich Karponosov ( Russian : Геннадий Михайлович Карпоносов​ ( help·info ) ; born 21 November 1950 ) is an ice dancing coach and a former competitive ice dancer for the Soviet Union . With Natalia Linichuk , he is the 1980 Olympic champion and a two-time World champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Center Arena in Lake Placid , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice dancing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vera Zozuļa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vera_Zozuļa", "summary": "Vera Zozulya , Vera Zozuļa ( Russian : Вера Васильевна Зозуля ; born January 15 , 1956 in Talsi , Latvian SSR ) is a Soviet luger who competed during the late 1970s and early 1980s . Competing in two Winter Olympics , she won the gold medal in the women 's singles event at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . As of the 2018 Winter Olympics , she is the only non-German speaking winner of any Winter Olympic luge event . Zozulya also won a complete set of medals in the women 's singles event at the FIL World Luge Championships with a gold in 1978 , a silver in 1977 , and a bronze in 1981 . At the FIL European Luge Championships , she won two medals in the women 's singles event with a gold in 1976 and a bronze in 1978 . She won the overall women 's singles Luge World Cup title in 1981-2 . Zozulya later became a coach for lugers in the Soviet Union , Latvia , and Poland . She was inducted into the International Luge Federation Hall of Fame in 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "Luge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luge_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Luge at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three events at Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run . The competition took place between February 13 and February 16 , 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's individual", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nataliya Petrusyova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nataliya_Petrusyova", "summary": "Natalya Anatolyevna Petrusyova ( Russian : Ната́лья Анато́льевна Петрусёва ; born 2 September 1955 ) is a former speed skater ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics , was held from 9 February to 18 February . Nine events were contested at James B. Sheffield Olympic Skating Rink ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 1000m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vladimir Alikin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Alikin", "summary": "Vladimir Alexandrovich Alikin ( Russian : Влади́мир Алекса́ндрович Али́кин ; born 10 May 1957 ) is a Soviet former biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex Cross Country Biathlon Center . This Olympic featured the debut of the 10 kilometre sprint event . The events began on 16 February and ended on 22 February 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 10 km sprint", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vasily Rochev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vasily_Rochev_(skier,_born_1951)", "summary": "Vasily Pavlovich Rochev ( Russian : Васи́лий Па́влович Рочев ) ( born 22 December 1951 in the village of Bakur , Izhemsky District , Komi ASSR ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the 1970s and early 1980s , training at Dynamo in Syktyvkar . He won two medals for the Soviet Union at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York , with a gold in the 4 × 10 km relay and a silver in the 30 km . Rochev also won two medals at the 1974 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a silver in the 4 × 10 km relay and a bronze in the 15 km . Married to Nina Selyunina , he is the father of Vasily Rochev who won the bronze medal in the team sprint at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin , and four medals at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships in Oberstdorf with a gold in the individual sprint ( 2005 ) , silvers in the team sprint and relay ( both 2007 ) , and a bronze in the 4 × 10 km relay ( 2007 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 30 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nina Baldycheva-Fyodorova Nina Rocheva Galina Kulakova Raisa Smetanina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nina_Baldycheva-Fyodorova", "summary": "Nina Viktorovna Baldycheva ( Russian : Нина Викторовна Балдычёва ; also known as Baldychova , Fedorova , Baldycheva-Fedorova or Fyodorova ; 18 July 1947 - 27 January 2019 ) was a Russian cross-country skier who competed from 1970 to 1980 . She won three medals at the Winter Olympics with a gold in the 4 × 5 km relay ( 1976 ) , a silver in the 4 × 5 km relay ( 1980 ) , and a bronze in the 5 km ( 1976 ) . In the relay in 1976 , she injured her left hand in a fall at the start , but completed the race . At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships Fyodorova earned two gold ( 3 × 5 km relay : 1970 , 4×5 km : 1974 ) and one bronze medals ( 5 km : 1970 ) . Domestically she won one individual Soviet title , over 5 km in 1971 , and eight relay titles ( 1969-73 , 1975-76 , 1979 ) . After retiring from competitions she worked as a cross-country skiing coach in Saint Petersburg . In 1976 she was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Nina_Rocheva", "summary": "Nina Petrovna Rocheva ( Russian : Нина Петровна Рочева , née Selyunina ; 13 October 1948 ) is a former Soviet cross-country skier who competed from 1978 to 1980 . She won a silver medal in the 4 × 5 km relay at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York . Rocheva also earned two medals in the 4 × 5 km relay at the world ski championships : gold ( under her maiden name Selyunina at the 1974 Championships in Falun , Sweden , and bronze at the 1978 World Championships in Lahti , Finland . She is married to the Soviet Olympic champion in cross-country skiing Vasily ( Pavlovich ) Rochev , she is the mother of Vasily ( Vasilyevich ) Rochev , also Olympic medalist in that discipline ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Galina_Kulakova", "summary": "Galina Alexeyevna Kulakova ( Russian : Галина Алексеевна Кулакова , born 29 April 1942 ) is a Soviet former cross-country skier , arguably the best skier on distances shorter than 10 km in the early 1970s . She won four Olympic golds , two individual in 1972 and two relay golds in 1972 and 1976 . She was the most successful athlete at the 1972 Winter Olympics , along with Ard Schenk of the Netherlands . Competing in the World Championships , she won three individual golds , two in 1974 and one in 1970 , and also two relay golds in those years . Kulakova also won the 10 km event at the Holmenkollen ski festival in 1970 and 1979 . Galina Kulakova was also 39 times Champion of the USSR between 1969 and 1981 . For her achievements she was awarded Order of Lenin and Badge of Honor . She was also awarded the silver Olympic Order in 1984 by the International Olympic Committee President Juan Antonio Samaranch . Galina Kulakova ended her sports career in 1982 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Raisa_Smetanina", "summary": "Raisa Petrovna Smetanina ( Russian : Раиса Петровна Сметанина ; born 29 February 1952 ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skiing champion . Smetanina is an ethnic Komi . She is the first woman in history to win ten Winter Olympic medals ( Stefania Belmondo being the second , Marit Bjørgen the third , and Ireen Wüst the fourth ) . Smetanina took part in five Olympics , representing the Soviet team four times and the Unified Team once . In particular , Smetanina won two gold and one silver medals at the 1976 Winter Olympics , becoming the most successful athlete there , along with Rosi Mittermaier of West Germany . In the 1992 Winter Olympics , at the age of thirty-nine , Smetanina won a further gold medal competing for the Unified Team in the 4 × 5 km relay , becoming the first woman to win ten Winter Olympic medals and at that time the oldest woman to win a Winter Olympic gold . Smetanina also had successes at the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships , winning four golds ( 20 km ( 1982 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1974 , 1985 , and 1991 ) , three silvers ( 10 km ( 1978 ) , and 4 × 5 km relay ( 1982 , 1989 ) ) , and four bronzes ( 4 × 5 km relay ( 1978 ) , 5 km ( 1974 , 1978 ) , and 20 km ( 1980 ) ) . She also won three times at the Holmenkollen ski festival , once in the 10 km ( 1975 ) and twice in the 5 km ( 1975 and 1979 ) . In 1979 , Smetanina received the Holmenkollen medal ( shared with Erik Håker and Ingemar Stenmark ) . She was also awarded Order of Friendship of Peoples ( 1984 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 4 × 5 km relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marina Cherkasova Sergei Shakhrai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marina_Cherkasova", "summary": "Marina Evgenievna Cherkasova ( Russian : Марина Евгеньевна Черкасова ; born 17 November 1964 ) is a Russian retired pair skater . With Sergei Shakhrai , she won the 1979 European title at the age of 14 . At 15 , she was the 1980 Olympic silver medalist and 1980 World champion ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Shakhrai", "summary": "Sergei Semenovich Shakhrai ( Russian : Серге́й Семёнович Шахрай ; born 28 June 1958 ) is a Russian retired pair skater . With partner Marina Cherkasova , he is the 1980 Olympic silver medalist , 1980 World champion , and 1979 European champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Center Arena in Lake Placid , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Pairs", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Soviet Union men 's national ice hockey team Vladimir Myshkin Vladislav Tretiak Viacheslav Fetisov Vasily Pervukhin Valery Vasiliev Alexei Kasatonov Sergei Starikov Zinetula Bilyaletdinov Vladimir Krutov Alexander Maltsev Yuri Lebedev Boris Mikhailov Vladimir Petrov Valery Kharlamov Helmut Balderis Viktor Zhluktov Aleksandr Golikov Sergei Makarov Vladimir Golikov Aleksandr Skvortsov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Soviet_Union_men's_national_ice_hockey_team", "summary": "The Soviet national ice hockey team ( Russian : Сборная СССР по хоккею с шайбой ) was the national ice hockey team of the Soviet Union . The team won nearly every world championship and Olympic tournament between 1954 and 1991 and never failed to medal in any International Ice Hockey Federation ( IIHF ) tournament they competed in . After 1991 , the Soviet team competed as the Unified Team at the 1992 Winter Olympics and as the Commonwealth of Independent States at the 1992 World Championship . In 1993 , it was replaced by national teams for Belarus , Estonia , Kazakhstan , Latvia , Lithuania , Russia and Ukraine . The IIHF recognized the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia as the successor to the Soviet Union hockey federation and passed its ranking on to Russia . The other national hockey teams were considered new and sent to compete in Pool C. The IIHF Centennial All-Star Team included four Soviet-Russian players out of a team of six : goalie Vladislav Tretiak , defenseman Vyacheslav Fetisov and forwards Valeri Kharlamov and Sergei Makarov who played for the Soviet teams in the 1970s and the 1980s were selected for the team in 2008 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Myshkin", "summary": "Vladimir Semenovich Myshkin ( Russian : Владимир Семенович Мышкин ; born June 19 , 1955 ) is a former ice hockey goaltender . He was a goaltender for HC Dynamo Moscow and the Soviet Union national ice hockey team in the 1970s and 1980s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladislav_Tretiak", "summary": "Vladislav Aleksandrovich Tretiak , MSM ( Russian : Владислав Александрович Третьяк , IPA : [ trʲɪˈtʲjak ] ; born 25 April 1952 ) is a Russian former goaltender for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team . Considered to be one of the greatest goaltenders in the history of the sport , he was voted one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries . He is the current president of the Ice Hockey Federation of Russia and was the general manager of the Russian 2010 Winter Olympic team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Viacheslav_Fetisov", "summary": "Viacheslav Alexandrovich Slava Fetisov ( Russian : Вячеслав Александрович Фетисов , Vjačeslav Aleksandrovič Fetisov ; born 20 April 1958 ) is a retired Russian professional ice hockey defenceman . He played for HC CSKA Moscow for 13 seasons before joining the National Hockey League ( NHL ) , where he played with the New Jersey Devils and won back-to-back Stanley Cups with the Detroit Red Wings . After retiring from his playing career , he became the assistant coach for the New Jersey Devils . Having a very successful four years , he helped get the team to two Stanley Cup finals and one Stanley Cup victory . Fetisov was instrumental in breaking the barrier that had prevented Soviet players from leaving the Soviet Union to join the NHL . His actions not only resulted in a number of top Soviet players joining the NHL , but encouraged many of the best players from all over Europe to go to North America . Internationally , he was a long-time captain for the Soviet Union national team and is a two-time Olympic champion . In 2002 , Fetisov led the Russian Ice Hockey Olympic team as GM and Head Coach , attaining a bronze medal . Considered one of the best defencemen of all time , he was voted as one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team . After retiring as a coach , Fetisov embarked on a political and executive career . After the 2002 Winter Olympics , Russian President Vladimir Putin offered him the position as Minister of Sport , a post he held until 2008 . He is a member of the upper house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the Federation Council representing Primorsky Krai , the founder and chairman of the KHL 's Board of Directors and chair of the World Anti-Doping Agency ( WADA ) Athletes Committee ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vasily_Pervukhin", "summary": "Vasili Alekseevich Pervukhin ( Russian : Василий Алексеевич Первухин ) ( born January 1 , 1956 in Penza , Soviet Union ) is a Russian former ice hockey player , who competed for the Soviet Union . At the national level he played for Dizelist Penza between 1974 and 1976 , and for HC Dynamo Moscow between 1976 and 1989 . At the Olympics , Pervuhkin earned a Silver Medal in 1980 and a Gold in 1984 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Valery_Vasiliev", "summary": "Valeri Ivanovich Vasiliev ( Russian : Валерий Иванович Васильев ) ( August 3 , 1949 - April 19 , 2012 ) was a Russian ice hockey defenceman , who competed for the USSR . An eight-time Soviet all-star , Vasiliev was captain of the national team , for which he played 13 years . Born in Gorky , Soviet Union , he played for HC Dynamo Moscow . Vasiliev played on nine Soviet gold medal teams at the IIHF World Championships . He was named the tournament 's best defenceman in 1973 , 1977 , and 1979 and was a five-time all-star . He was on the gold medal team at the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics , as well as at the 1981 Canada Cup , where he captained the winning team . He also played in the 1972 Summit Series , 1976 Canada Cup , and 1980 Winter Olympics . He coined the phrase kiss the ice after winning in 1972 Winter Olympics . In 1978 Vasiliev was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour . Vasiliev , who had won the 1978 world championship not long after he had suffered a heart attack , died from heart failure in 2012 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexei_Kasatonov", "summary": "Alexei Viktorovich Kasatonov ( Russian : Алексей Викторович Касатонов ; born 14 October 1959 in Leningrad , Soviet Union ) is a Russian former ice hockey defenceman , who was a long-time member of the Soviet Union national ice hockey team ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Starikov", "summary": "Sergei Viktorovich Starikov ( Russian : Серге́й Ви́кторович Ста́риков ) ( born December 4 , 1958 in Chelyabinsk , Soviet Union ) is a Russian ice hockey coach , who competed as defenseman for the Soviet national team . Sergei Starikov won 9 national titles in the Soviet Union . Participating in 3 Olympic Tournaments , Sergei won 2 Gold and 1 Silver medal . He would appear on the cover of Sports Illustrated , becoming one of the first Soviet players to wear an NHL uniform when he joined the New Jersey Devils in 1989 along with his friend and defensive partner from the Soviet team , Viacheslav Fetisov . He made his NHL debut on October 5 , 1989 . He lives in New Jersey and currently is an instructor at ProSkate Ice Rink . Sergei currently coaches Barys of the KHL in Kazakhstan . Sergei just signed a one-year deal to be an assistant coach with HC Sibir Novosibirsk , a Russian hockey team in the KHL ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Zinetula_Bilyaletdinov", "summary": "Zinetula Khaidarovich Bill Bilyaletdinov ( Russian : Зинэтула Хайдарович Билялетдинов , Tatar : Зиннәтулла Хәйдәр улы Билалетдинев ; born 13 March 1955 ) is a former Russian ice hockey player of Tatar descent , who competed for the USSR . In 1973-1988 he competed for HC Dynamo Moscow . He won the Russian Championship in season 2005-2006 and consecutive European Champions Cup-2007 , as well as the history 's first KHL Gagarin Cup as a head coach for Ak Bars Kazan . He has been the assistant coach of the Winnipeg Jets in the 1994 and 1995 seasons and served as the assistant coach for the Phoenix Coyotes during the 1996-1997 season . In June 2011 , he was appointed to head coach of the Russian national ice hockey team . As the head coach of the national team , Bilyaletdinov has emphasised defensive discipline . In 2012 , Russia won the 2012 IIHF World Championship in Helsinki . Russia won all its matches of the tournament in regulation time , the first time any team had done so since the Soviet Union in 1989 . After the tournament , star player Alexander Semin praised Bilyaletdinov 's disciplined approach and focus on retaining possession of the puck . He was fired after Russia men 's national ice hockey team was eliminated in the quarterfinals at the 2014 Winter Olympics ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Krutov", "summary": "Vladimir Yevgenyevich Krutov ( Russian : Владимир Евгеньевич Крутов ; 1 June 1960 - 6 June 2012 ) , nicknamed The Tank , was a Soviet hockey forward . Together with Igor Larionov and Sergei Makarov , he was part of the famed KLM Line . He is considered one of the best hockey wingers of the 1980s . For the Soviet Union national team , Krutov won the 1981 Canada Cup , two golds ( 1984 , 1988 ) and one silver ( 1980 ) in the Olympics , and five golds ( 1981 , 1982 , 1983 , 1986 , 1989 ) , one silver ( 1987 ) , and one bronze ( 1985 ) in the World Championships . On the club level , Krutov played for CSKA Moscow from 1978 to 1989 . He was one of the first Soviet players to make the jump to the NHL , doing so with the Vancouver Canucks in 1989 . However , Krutov did not have a successful season , battling homesickness and weight problems , earning the derisive nickname Vlad the Inhaler . Krutov left the NHL after his lone season in North America and played for several clubs in the Swiss and the Swedish minor leagues before retiring to move into coaching . His son Alexei Krutov is a former hockey player who played professionally from 1999 to 2017 . In 2010 , he was inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame . Krutov died in a hospital in Moscow on 6 June 2012 , of internal bleeding and liver failure , just five days after his 52nd birthday ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Alexander_Maltsev", "summary": "Alexander Nikolayevich Maltsev ( Russian : Александр Николаевич Мальцев ; born 20 April 1949 ) is a retired Soviet ice hockey forward and politician . Maltsev played for Dynamo Moscow in the Soviet League for 530 games from 1967 to 1984 . He was one of the few stars not to play for CSKA Moscow . A six-time Soviet all-star , he led the league in scoring in 1970-71 and tied with Valeri Kharlamov for MVP in 1971-72 . Maltsev was on the USSR team during the 1972 Winter Olympics , 1976 Winter Olympics , and 1980 Winter Olympics , winning gold in 1972 and 1976 and silver in 1980 . He was named the best forward at the IIHF World Championships three times , leading the tournament in goals once and total scoring twice . He made the world championship all-star team on five occasions . Maltsev 's 213 career goals in international play were the most by any Soviet player . According to NHL.com , Maltsev was Alexander Ovechkin 's childhood idol . Maltsev was awarded the Medal For Labour Heroism in 1972 , the Order of the Badge of Honor in 1976 and the Order of the Red Banner of Labour in 1978 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Yuri_Lebedev", "summary": "Yuri Vasilievich Lebedev ( Russian : Юрий Васильевич Лебедев ) ( born March 1 , 1951 in Moscow , Soviet Union ) was a Russian hockey player , who competed for the Soviet Union . He scored a hat trick against the Netherlands during the 1980 Winter Olympic games ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Boris_Mikhailov_(ice_hockey)", "summary": "Boris Petrovich Mikhailov ( Russian : Бори́с Петро́вич Миха́йлов ; born October 6 , 1944 ) is a former Soviet ice hockey player . In 2000 , he was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Petrov", "summary": "Vladimir Vladimirovich Petrov ( Russian : Влади́мир Влади́мирович Петро́в ; 30 June 1947 - 28 February 2017 ) was a Russian Soviet ice hockey player , Olympic Champion ( 1972 , 1976 ) and silver medalist ( 1980 ) . Born in Krasnogorsk , Soviet Union , Vladimir Petrov played in Soviet Ice Hockey League for Krylya Sovetov , Moscow ( from 1965 to 1967 ) , CSKA Moscow ( from 1967 to 1981 ) and SKA , Leningrad ( from 1981 to 1983 ) . In CSKA Moscow and Soviet national team , he , together with Boris Mikhailov and Valeri Kharlamov , formed one of the best offensive lines ever . Petrov played for the Soviet Team in three Winter Olympics , 1972 Soviet Union-Canada Summit Series and many IIHF World Championships . He is 4th all-time leading scorer in World Championships , with 154 points ( 74 goals and 80 assists ) in 102 games and scored 7 points ( 3 goals and 4 assists ) in 8 games of Summit Series . He retired from ice hockey in 1983 . In mid-1990s , Petrov was the president of Russian Ice Hockey Federation . In 2006 , Petrov was enshrined to the IIHF Hall of Fame . He was buried in the Federal Military Memorial Cemetery in Moscow Oblast ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Valery_Kharlamov", "summary": "Valeri Borisovich Kharlamov ( Russian : Вале́рий Бори́сович Харла́мов , IPA : [ vɐˈlʲerʲɪj bɐˈrʲisəvʲɪtɕ xɐrˈɫaməf ] ; 14 January 1948 - 27 August 1981 ) was an ice hockey forward who played for CSKA Moscow in the Soviet League from 1967 until his death in 1981 . Although small in stature , Kharlamov was speedy , intelligent and skilled and a dominant player , being named the Soviet Championship League most valuable player in 1972 and 1973 . An offensive player , who was considered very creative and intelligent on the ice , he also led the league in scoring in 1972 . He was also a gifted skater who was able to make plays at top speed . Kharlamov was considered one of the best players of his era , as well as one of the greatest players of all time . In international play , Kharlamov represented the Soviet Union at 11 World Championships , winning 8 gold medals , 2 silvers and 1 bronze . He participated in three Olympics , 1972 , 1976 and 1980 , finishing with two gold medals and a silver , and participated in the 1972 Summit Series against Canada . He spent most of his career playing on a line with Vladimir Petrov and Boris Mikhailov , and this trio is considered one of the best in the history of hockey . Kharlamov was killed in a car accident in 1981 . After his death , Kharlamov was elected to the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame , the Hockey Hall of Fame , the Russian Hockey Hall of Fame and was selected as one of the forwards on the IIHF Centennial All-Star Team . The Kharlamov Trophy is presented annually to the best Russian hockey player in the NHL , as chosen by his peers . The Kharlamov Cup is presented to the champion of the Minor Hockey League playoffs , and the Kontinental Hockey League named one of their four divisions after him ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Helmut_Balderis", "summary": "Helmuts Balderis-Sildedzis ( born 31 July 1952 ) is a retired Latvian and Soviet ice hockey player . He played right wing ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Viktor_Zhluktov", "summary": "Viktor Vasilievich Zhluktov ( Russian : Виктор Васильевич Жлуктов ) ( born January 26 , 1954 ) is a retired Russian ice hockey player who played for CSKA Moscow and the Soviet Union . In the 1976 Canada Cup , Zhluktov scored 5 goals and 4 assists in 5 games , tying him for both the most points ( with Bobby Orr and Denis Potvin ) and goals ( with Milan Nový and Bobby Hull ) in the tournament , despite playing two fewer games than the players he tied with . For a while he played in the same line-up as Vladimir Krutov , Sergei Makarov , Viacheslav Fetisov and Alexei Kasatonov before Igor Larionov replaced him ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Aleksandr_Golikov", "summary": "Aleksandr Nikolayevich Golikov ( Russian : Александр Николаевич Голиков ) ( born November 26 , 1952 ) is a Russian former ice hockey player . Golikov played in the Soviet Championship League for Khimik Voskresensk and Dynamo Moscow . He also played for the Soviet Union national ice hockey team and was a member of the 1980 Winter Olympics team in Lake Placid , winning a silver medal . He was the top Soviet goal scorer at the games , scoring a hat trick in the first game against Japan . He often played alongside his younger brother Vladimir Golikov who also played in the 1980 Olympics for the Soviet Union ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sergei_Makarov_(ice_hockey)", "summary": "Sergei Mikhailovich Makarov ( Russian : Серге́й Михайлович Макаров ; born 19 June 1958 ) is a Russian former ice hockey right wing and two-time Olympic gold medalist . He was voted one of six players to the International Ice Hockey Federation 's ( IIHF ) Centennial All-Star Team in a poll conducted by a group of 56 experts from 16 countries ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Vladimir_Golikov", "summary": "Vladimir Nikolayevich Golikov ( Russian : Владимир Николаевич Голиков ) ( born June 20 , 1954 in Penza , Soviet Union ) is a retired ice hockey player who played in the Soviet Hockey League . He played for HC Dynamo Moscow . Inducted into the Russian and Soviet Hockey Hall of Fame in 1978 , he is also the brother of another hockey player , Aleksandr Golikov . Golikov played on the winning Soviet team in the Challenge Cup between the Soviet Union and NHL All-Stars . He also competed on the Soviet team at the Winter Olympics in 1980 , winning silver in men 's ice hockey ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Aleksandr_Vikentyevich_Skvortsov", "summary": "Alexander Vikentyevich Skvortsov ( Russian : Александр Викентьевич Скворцов ) ( August 28 , 1954 - February 4 , 2020 ) was a Russian ice hockey player , who competed for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the Olympic Games . Skvortsov scored 2 goals during the 1980 games en route to a silver medal , and scored 4 goals in the 1984 games as the Soviets won the gold . He was also a three-time world champion with the Soviet national team ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , United States , was the 14th Olympic Championship . Twelve teams competed in the tournament , which was held from February 12 to 24 . The United States won its second gold medal , including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the Miracle on Ice . Games were held at the Olympic Fieldhouse ( 8,000 ) and the Olympic Arena ( 2,500 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's competition", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The men 's ice hockey tournament at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , United States , was the 14th Olympic Championship . Twelve teams competed in the tournament , which was held from February 12 to 24 . The United States won its second gold medal , including a win over the heavily favored Soviet Union that became known as the Miracle on Ice . Games were held at the Olympic Fieldhouse ( 8,000 ) and the Olympic Arena ( 2,500 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Yevgeny Kulikov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Yevgeny_Kulikov", "summary": "Yevgeny Nikolayevich Kulikov ( Russian : Евге́ний Никола́евич Кулико́в , born 25 May 1950 in Sverdlovsk Oblast ) is a former speed skater who specialised in the sprint . Yevgeny Kulikov trained at Burevestnik Voluntary Sports Society . Competing for the Soviet Union he became the first to break the 38 seconds barrier on the 500 m in 1975 and over the course of the next two weeks he lowered his own 500 m world record three more times , finishing with a time of 37.00 , exactly one second below the previous world record . He would remain the 500 m world record holder for 8 years . For his achievements he received the 1975 Oscar Mathisen Award . At the 1976 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck , he won gold on the 500 m despite the fact that he had a cold and a fever during his race . As the defending 500 m Olympic Champion and world record holder , he won silver at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , being beaten by Eric Heiden . At the World Sprint Championships , Kulikov won silver in 1975 and bronze in 1977 . In 1981 , Kulikov lowered his own 500 m world record once more , becoming the first man to break the 37-second barrier ." } ] }, { "value": "Speed skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Speed_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Speed skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics , was held from 9 February to 18 February . Nine events were contested at James B. Sheffield Olympic Skating Rink ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 500m", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anatoly Alyabyev", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anatoly_Alyabyev", "summary": "Anatoly Nikolayevich Alyabyev ( Russian : Анато́лий Никола́евич Аля́бьев ; born 12 December 1951 ) is a former Soviet biathlete ." } ] }, { "value": "Biathlon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Biathlon_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Biathlon at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three biathlon events . They were held at the Lake Placid Olympic Sports Complex Cross Country Biathlon Center . This Olympic featured the debut of the 10 kilometre sprint event . The events began on 16 February and ended on 22 February 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 10 km sprint", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aleksandr Zavyalov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aleksandr_Zavyalov", "summary": "Alexander Alexandrovich Zavyalov ( Russian : Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Завья́лов ; born June 2 , 1955 ) is a former Soviet/Russian cross-country skier who competed in the early 1980s , training at Armed Forces sports society . He won a bronze in the 50 km at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid , New York and two silvers at the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo ( 30 km , 4 × 10 km relay ) . Zavyalov won the Cross-Country World Cup in the 1982-83 season . Zavyalov also won two medals at the 1982 FIS Nordic World Ski Championships with a gold in the 4 × 10 km relay ( tied with Oddvar Brå ) and a silver in the 15 km . Zavyalov graduated from Smolensk Institute of Physical Culture ( 1978 ) . He was awarded Order of Lenin in 1983 ." } ] }, { "value": "Cross-country skiing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "The 1980 Winter Olympics results in cross-country skiing ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 50 km", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Irina Moiseeva Andrei Minenkov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Irina_Moiseeva", "summary": "Irina Valentinovna Moiseeva ( Russian : Ирина Валентиновна Моисеева ; born 3 July 1955 ) is a Russian retired ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union . With partner and husband Andrei Minenkov , she is the 1976 Olympic silver medalist , 1980 Olympic bronze medalist , and two-time World champion ( 1975 , 1977 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrei_Minenkov", "summary": "Andrei Olegovich Minenkov ( Russian : Андрей Олегович Миненков ; born 6 December 1954 ) is a Russian retired ice dancer who represented the Soviet Union . With partner and wife Irina Moiseeva , he is the 1976 Olympic silver medalist , 1980 Olympic bronze medalist , and two-time world champion ( 1975 and 1977 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Figure skating", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Figure_skating_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Figure skating at the 1980 Winter Olympics took place at the Olympic Center Arena in Lake Placid , New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice dancing", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ingrīda Amantova", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ingrīda_Amantova", "summary": "Ingrīda Amantova ( born June 21 , 1960 in Cēsis ) is a Latvian-born Soviet luger who competed during the early 1980s . Competing in two Winter Olympics , she won the bronze medal in the women 's singles event at Lake Placid , New York in 1980 and finished fourth in the same event at the following Winter Olympics in Sarajevo . This was the only instances Soviet or Latvian athletes won Olympic medals in women 's luge . Amantova 's best overall Luge World Cup finish was second in 1982-3 . She was three times the champion of Soviet Union in luge . She was mainly training on the domestic track near Sigulda . The track was open in the 1970s and became the first one in Soviet Union . Amantova belonged to the first generation of Soviet athletes who used the track and demonstrated top-level results ." } ] }, { "value": "Luge", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luge_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics", "summary": "Luge at the 1980 Winter Olympics consisted of three events at Mt . Van Hoevenberg Olympic Bobsled Run . The competition took place between February 13 and February 16 , 1980 ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's individual", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "Soviet_Union_at_the_1980_Winter_Olympics_0", "intro": "The Soviet Union (USSR) competed at the 1980 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_(Iran)", "title": "Azerbaijan (Iran)", "header": [ "Rank", "Name", "County", "Province", "Population ( County )" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tabriz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tabriz", "summary": "Tabriz ( Persian : تبریز [ tæbˈɾiːz ] ( listen ) ; Azerbaijani : Təbriz ) is the most populated city in northwestern Iran , one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province . It is the sixth most populous city in Iran . Located in the Quru River valley , in Iran 's historic Azerbaijan region , between long ridges of volcanic cones in the Sahand and Eynali mountains , Tabriz 's elevation ranges between 1,350 and 1,600 metres ( 4,430 and 5,250 ft ) above sea level . The valley opens up into a plain that gently slopes down to the eastern shores of Lake Urmia , 60 kilometres ( 37 miles ) to the west . With cold winters and temperate summers , Tabriz is considered a summer resort . It was named World Carpet Weaving City by the World Crafts Council in October 2015 and Exemplary Tourist City of 2018 by the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation . With a population of over 1.73 million ( 2016 ) , Tabriz is the largest economic hub and metropolitan area in Northwest Iran . The population is overwhelmingly Azerbaijani , though Persian is spoken by residents as a second language . Tabriz is a major heavy industries hub for automobiles , machine tools , refineries , petrochemicals , textiles and cement production industries . The city is famous for its handicrafts , including hand-woven rugs and jewellery . Local confectionery , chocolate , dried nuts and traditional Tabrizi food are recognised throughout Iran as some of the best . Tabriz is also an academic hub and a site for some of the most prestigious cultural institutes in Northwest Iran ." } ] }, { "value": "Tabriz County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tabriz_County", "summary": "Tabriz County ( Persian : شهرستان تبریز ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province of Iran . The capital of the county is Tabriz . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 1,557,241 , in 423,775 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Khosrowshahr District . The county has five cities : Tabriz , Basmenj , Sardrud , Malek Kian , and Khosrowshah ." } ] }, { "value": "East Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Azerbaijan", "summary": "East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz ." } ] }, { "value": "1,695,094", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Urmia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urmia", "summary": "Urmia or Orumiyeh [ nb 1 ] ( Persian : ارومیه , pronounced [ oɾumiˈje ] ( listen ) ; [ nb 2 ] Azerbaijani : اورمیه , romanized : Urmiya , Kurdish : Ûrmiye , ورمێ ) is the largest city in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran and the capital of Urmia County . It is situated at an altitude of 1,330 metres ( 4,360 ft ) above sea level , and is located along the Shahar Chay river ( City River ) on the Urmia Plain . Lake Urmia , one of the world 's largest salt lakes , lies to the east of the city , and the mountainous Turkish border area lies to the west . Urmia is the 10th most populated city in Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 667,499 , with 197,749 households . The city 's inhabitants are predominantly Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language . There are also minorities of Kurds , Persians , Assyrians , and Armenians . The city is the trading center for a fertile agricultural region where fruits ( especially apples and grapes ) and tobacco are grown . The Christian history of Urmia is well preserved and is especially evident in the city 's many churches and cathedrals . An important town by the 9th century , the city has had a diverse population which has at times included Muslims ( Shias and Sunnis ) , Christians ( Catholics , Protestants , Nestorians , and Orthodox ) , Jews , Bahá'ís and Sufis . Around 1900 , Christians made up more than 40% of the city 's population ; however , most of the Christians fled in 1918 because of intense persecution from Muslims and as a result of the Armenian and Assyrian Genocides by the Ottoman Empire ." } ] }, { "value": "Urmia County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Urmia_County", "summary": "Urmia County ( Persian : شهرستان ارومیه ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Urmia city . At the 2016 census , the county 's population was 1,040,565 , in 304,306 households . The county has five cities : Urmia , Qushchi , Silvaneh , Serow , and Nushin.60% of the population are Azarbaijanis and 40% are Kurdish , Armenian , and Assyrian ." } ] }, { "value": "West Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Azerbaijan", "summary": "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ." } ] }, { "value": "963,738", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ardabil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ardabil", "summary": "Ardabil ( pronunciation ( help·info ) , Persian : اردبیل , Azerbaijani : اردبیل , also romanized as Ardabīl and Ardebīl ) is an ancient city in northwestern Iran , and the capital of Ardabil Province . Located in the northeastern part of Iran 's historic Azerbaijan region , at the 2011 census , Ardabil 's population was 564,365 , in 156,324 families . The dominant majority in the city are ethnic Iranian Azerbaijanis and the primary language of the people is Azerbaijani . Ardabil is known for its trade in silk and carpets . Ardabil rugs are renowned and the ancient Ardabil Carpets are considered among the best of classical Persian carpets . Ardabil is also home to a World Heritage Site , the Ardabil Shrine , the sanctuary and tomb of Shaikh Safî ad-Dîn , eponymous founder of the Safavid dynasty . The population of Ardabil is about 650,000 and their religion is Shia Islam ." } ] }, { "value": "Ardabil County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ardabil_County", "summary": "Ardabil County ( Persian : شهرستان اردبیل ) is a county in Ardabil Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Ardabil . At the 2006 census , the county 's population ( including portions that were split off to form Sareyn County ) was 542,930 , in 131,950 families , excluding those portions , the population was 525,733 , in 128,013 families . The county has two districts : the Central District and Hir District . The county has two cities : Ardabil and Hir ." } ] }, { "value": "Ardabil Province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ardabil_Province", "summary": "Ardabil Province ( Persian : استان اردبیل ; Azerbaijani : اردبیل اوستانی ) is one of the thirty-one provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , in Regions 3 , bordering the Republic of Azerbaijan , the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan , and Gilan . Its administrative centre is the city of Ardabil . The province was established in 1993 from the eastern part of East Azerbaijan ." } ] }, { "value": "564,365", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zanjan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zanjan,_Iran", "summary": "Zanjan ( Persian : زنجان , pronounced [ zænˈdʒɒːn ] ( listen ) ; Azerbaijani : زنگان ) is the capital of Zanjan Province in Iran . It lies 298 km ( 185 mi ) north-west of Tehran on the main highway to Tabriz and Turkey and approximately 125 km ( 78 mi ) from the Caspian Sea . The city is located about 20 kilometers south of the Qaflankuh Mountain Range . At the 2016 census , its population was 521,302 which is the 20th largest city in Iran . The population of Zanjan consists mostly of Iranian Azeris who can also speak the Azerbaijani language . Zanjan is 21733 square kilometers . Zanjan is known for its beautiful handcrafts such as knives , traditional sandals , called charoogh , and malileh , a handcraft made with silver wires . Zanjani artists make many things like various decorative dishes and their special covers as well as silver jewelry . In ancient times , Zanjan was known for its stainless and sharp knives . But this tradition is gradually becoming extinct by introduction of Chinese-made knives into the market which are far cheaper , more abundant and less artistic [ citation needed ] . Many villagers today are traditional carpet weavers , perhaps Zanjan 's most popular handcraft . Zanjan 's population boasts the highest level of happiness among the people of 30 other provinces in Iran , according to a detailed survey conducted by Isna ." } ] }, { "value": "Zanjan County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zanjan_County", "summary": "Zanjan County ( Persian : شهرستان زنجان ) is a county in Zanjan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Zanjan . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 442,728 , in 113,883 families . The county is subdivided into three districts : the Central District ( Zanjan County ) , Zanjanrud District , and Qareh Poshtelu District . The county has three cities : Zanjan , Iran , Nik Pey , and Armaghankhaneh ." } ] }, { "value": "Zanjan Province", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zanjan_Province", "summary": "Zanjan Province ( Persian : استان زنجان , Ostâne Zanjân ; also Romanized as Ostān-e Zanjān ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . Located in Iranian Azerbaijan with a largely Azerbaijani population . it is part of Iran 's Regions 3 . Its capital is Zanjan city . Zanjan province , with an area of 36,400 km² , has a mostly rural population of 1,015,734 ( 2011 ) . The province lies 330 km northwest of Tehran , connected to it by a freeway . Zanjan is the happiest province in Iran ." } ] }, { "value": "486,495", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Khoy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khoy", "summary": "Khoy ( Azerbaijani : خوی ; Persian : خوی ; also Romanized as and Khoi ) , is a city and capital of Khoy County , West Azerbaijan Province , Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 200,985 . Khoy is the biggest city in the Azerbaijan region that is not the capital of a province . Khoy is located north of the province 's capital and largest city Urmia , and 807 km north-west to Tehran . The region 's economy is based on agriculture , particularly the production of fruit , grain , and timber . Khoy is nicknamed as the Sunflower city of Iran . At the 2006 census , the city had a population of 178,708 , with an estimated 2012 population of 200,985 . The city 's inhabitants are predominantly Azerbaijanis and Azerbaijani is dominantly spoken in Khoy , while nearly all inhabitants can also converse in Persian . The main religion is Shia Islam . Occupied since Median times , it shares a long history as an important Christian centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Khoy County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Khoy_County", "summary": "Khoy County ( Azerbaijani : Xoy bölgəsiPersian : شهرستان خوی ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . At the 2006 census , the county 's population ( including those portions later split off to form Chaypareh County was 365,573 , in 85,550 families ; excluding those portions , the population was 323,348 , in 75,464 families . The capital of the county is Khoy ." } ] }, { "value": "West Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Azerbaijan", "summary": "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ." } ] }, { "value": "354,309", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miandoab", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miandoab", "summary": "Miandoab ( Persian : مياندوآب ) or Qushachay is a city and capital of Miandoab County , West Azerbaijan Province , Iran . At the 2012 census , its population was 135,880 , in 38,704 families ." } ] }, { "value": "Miandoab County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miandoab_County", "summary": "Miandoab County ( Persian : شهرستان میاندوآب ) is a county in West Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Miandoab . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 245,153 , in 59,998 families . The county is subdivided into three districts : the Central District , Marhemetabad District , and Baruq District . The county has three cities : Miandoab , Chahar Borj , and Baruq . The people of this city are Azerbaijani ." } ] }, { "value": "West Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/West_Azerbaijan", "summary": "West Azerbaijan Province is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is in the northwest of the country , bordering Turkey , Iraq and Azerbaijan 's Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic , as well as the provinces of East Azerbaijan , Zanjan and Kurdistan . The province is part of Region 3 . It is separated from Armenia by Turkey 's short border with the Azerbaijan Republic . The province of West Azerbaijan covers an area of 39,487 km² , or 43,660 km² including Lake Urmia . In 2012 the province had a population of about 3 million ( estimate ) . The capital city and largest city of the province is Urmia ." } ] }, { "value": "260,628", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maragheh", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maragheh", "summary": "Maragheh ( Persian : مراغه , Azerbaijani : ماراغا [ citation needed ] ) , also Romanized as Marāgheh ; also known as Marāgha ) , is an ancient city and capital of Maragheh County , East Azerbaijan Province , Iran . Maragheh is on the bank of the river Sufi Chay . The population consists mostly of Iranian Azerbaijanis who speak the Azerbaijani language . It is 130 kilometres ( 81 mi ) from Tabriz , the largest city in northwestern Iran ." } ] }, { "value": "Maragheh County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maragheh_County", "summary": "Maragheh County ( Persian : شهرستان مراغه ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Maragheh . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 227,635 , in 57,612 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Saraju District . The county has two cities : Maragheh and Kharaju ." } ] }, { "value": "East Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Azerbaijan", "summary": "East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz ." } ] }, { "value": "247,681", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Marand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marand", "summary": "Marand ( Persian : مرند ; Azerbaijani : Mərənd ; also Romanized as Morand ) is a city and capital of Marand County , East Azerbaijan Province , Iran . Marand is among major cities in the province . It is located in the north-west of capital of the province Tabriz . Marand has been known by various names in history , such as Maryana , Mandagarana , and Maranda ." } ] }, { "value": "Marand County", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marand_County", "summary": "Marand County ( Persian : شهرستان مرند ) is a county in East Azerbaijan Province in Iran . The capital of the county is Marand . At the 2006 census , the county 's population was 229,215 , in 59,097 families . The county is subdivided into two districts : the Central District and Yamchi District . The county has seven cities : Marand , Jolfa , Hadishahr , Benab e Marand , Koshksaray , Yamchi , and Zonuz ." } ] }, { "value": "East Azerbaijan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/East_Azerbaijan", "summary": "East Azerbaijan Province ( Persian : استان آذربایجان شرقی Āzarbāijān-e Sharqi ; Azerbaijani : شرقی آذربایجان اوستانی ) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran . It is located in Iranian Azerbaijan , bordering with Armenia , Republic of Azerbaijan , Ardabil Province , West Azerbaijan Province , and Zanjan Province . The capital of East Azerbaijan is Tabriz . East Azerbaijan Province is in Regions 3 of Iran , with its secretariat located in its capital city , Tabriz ." } ] }, { "value": "239,209", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Demographics -- Administrative divisions", "section_text": "Azerbaijan 's major cities are Tabriz [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of East Azerbaijan ) , Urmia [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of West Azerbaijan ) , Zanjan [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of Zanjan Province ) , Ardabil [ 113 ] [ 114 ] ( the capital of Ardabil Province ) and Major cities non-capital of Province 's Azerbaijan are Khoy and Maragheh . [ 113 ] [ 114 ]", "uid": "Azerbaijan_(Iran)_1", "intro": "The name Azerbaijan itself is derived from Atropates, the Persian Satrap (governor) of Medea in the Achaemenid empire, who ruled a region found in modern Iranian Azerbaijan called Atropatene. Atropates name is believed to be derived from the Old Persian roots meaning protected by fire. The name is also mentioned in the Avestan Frawardin Yasht: âterepâtahe ashaonô fravashîm ýazamaide which translates literally to: We worship the Fravashi of the holy Atare-pata. According to the Encyclopaedia of Islam: In Middle Persian the name of the province was called Āturpātākān, older new-Persian Ādharbādhagān (آذربادگان/آذرآبادگان), Ādharbāyagān, at present Āzerbāydjān/Āzarbāydjān, Greek Atropatíni (᾿Ατροπατήνη), Byzantine Greek Adravigánon (᾿Αδραβιγάνων), Armenian Atrpatakan, Syriac Adhorbāyghān. The name Atropat in Middle Persian was transformed to Adharbad and is connected with Zoroastrianism. A famous Zoroastrian priest by the name Adarbad Mahraspandan is well known for his counsels. Azerbaijan, due to its numerous fire-temples has also been quoted in a variety of historic sources as being the birthplace of the prophet Zoroaster although modern scholars have not yet reached an agreement on the location of his birth. With Qajar Iran being forced to cede to Imperial Russia its Caucasian territories north of the Aras River (that is, modern-day Georgia, Dagestan, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan) during the course of the 19th century, through the treaties of Gulistan (1813) and Turkmenchay (1828), vast amounts of soil were irrevocably lost. Following the disintegration of the Russian Empire in 1917, as well as the short-lived Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic, in 1918, the leading Musavat government adopted the name Azerbaijan for the newly established Azerbaijan Democratic Republic, which was proclaimed on May 27, 1918, for political reasons, even though the name of Azerbaijan had always been used to refer to the adjacent region of contemporary northwestern Iran. Thus, until 1918, when the Musavat regime decided to name the newly independent state Azerbaijan, this designation had been used exclusively to identify the Iranian province of Azerbaijan." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JC_Chasez", "title": "JC Chasez", "header": [ "Year", "Title", "Role", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "1991-1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The All-New Mickey Mouse Club ( TANMMC )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_All-New_Mickey_Mouse_Club", "summary": "The Mickey Mouse Club is an American variety television show which aired intermittently from 1955 to 1996 and returned to social media in 2017 . Created by Walt Disney and produced by Walt Disney Productions , the program was first televised for four seasons , from 1955 to 1959 , by ABC . This original run featured a regular but ever-changing cast of mostly teen performers . ABC broadcast reruns weekday afternoons during the 1958-1959 season , airing right after American Bandstand . The show was revived three times after its initial 1955-1959 run on ABC , first from 1977 to 1979 for first-run syndication as The New Mickey Mouse Club , then from 1989 to 1996 as The All-New Mickey Mouse Club ( also known to fans as MMC from 1993 to 1996 ) airing exclusively on cable television 's The Disney Channel , and again in 2017 with the moniker Club Mickey Mouse airing exclusively on internet social media . Mickey Mouse himself appeared in every show , not only in vintage cartoons originally made for theatrical release , but also in the opening , interstitial , and closing segments made especially for the show . In both the vintage cartoons and new animated segments , Mickey was voiced by his creator Walt Disney . ( Disney had previously voiced the character theatrically from 1928 to 1947 before being replaced by sound effects artist Jimmy MacDonald . )" } ] }, { "value": "Himself", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seasons 4-7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saturday Night Live", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saturday_Night_Live", "summary": "Saturday Night Live ( known as SNL ) is an American late-night live television sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels and developed by Dick Ebersol . The show premiered on NBC on October 11 , 1975 , under the original title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show 's comedy sketches , which often parody contemporary culture and politics , are performed by a large and varying cast of repertory and newer cast members . Each episode is hosted by a celebrity guest , who usually delivers the opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast as with featured performances by a musical guest . An episode normally begins with a cold open sketch that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming , Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! , properly beginning the show . In 1980 , Michaels left the series to explore other opportunities . He was replaced by Jean Doumanian , who was replaced by Ebersol after a season of bad reviews . Ebersol ran the show until 1985 . Since Michaels ' return he has held the job of show-runner . Many SNL cast members have found national stardom while appearing on the show , and achieved success in film and television , both in front of and behind the camera . Others associated with the show , such as writers , have gone on to successful careers creating , writing , and starring in television and film . Broadcast from Studio 8H at NBC 's headquarters in the Comcast Building at 30 Rockefeller Plaza , SNL has aired 884 episodes since its debut , and began its forty-fifth season on September 28 , 2019 , making it one of the longest-running network television programs in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Himself/Musical Guest", "urls": [] }, { "value": "( along with NSYNC )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/NSYNC", "summary": "NSYNC ( /ɛnˈsɪŋk/ , /ɪn-/ ; also stylized as *NSYNC or ' N Sync ) was an American boy band formed in Orlando , Florida , in 1995 and launched in Germany by BMG Ariola Munich . NSYNC consisted of Justin Timberlake , JC Chasez , Chris Kirkpatrick , Joey Fatone , and Lance Bass . After heavily publicized legal battles with their former manager Lou Pearlman and former record label Bertelsmann Music Group , the group 's second album , No Strings Attached ( 2000 ) , sold over one million copies in one day and 2.42 million copies in one week , which was a record for over fifteen years . Among the group 's singles , I Want You Back , Bye Bye Bye , This I Promise You , Girlfriend , Pop and It 's Gon na Be Me reached the top 10 in several international charts , with the last being a US Billboard Hot 100 number one . In addition to a host of Grammy Award nominations , NSYNC has performed at the World Series , the Super Bowl and the Olympic Games , and sang or recorded with Elton John , Stevie Wonder , Michael Jackson , Janet Jackson , Britney Spears , Phil Collins , Celine Dion , Aerosmith , Nelly , Left Eye , Mary J. Blige , country music supergroup Alabama , and Gloria Estefan . NSYNC last recorded new material in 2002 . The band completed five nationwide concert tours and has sold between 50 and 70 million records , becoming the fifth-best-selling boy band in history . Rolling Stone recognized their instant success as one of the Top 25 Teen Idol Breakout Moments of all time . Justin Timberlake went on to become one of the world 's best-selling music artists , with more than 56 million records sold throughout his solo career ." } ] }, { "value": "2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Simpsons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Simpsons", "summary": "The Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company . The series is a satirical depiction of working-class life , epitomized by the Simpson family , which consists of Homer , Marge , Bart , Lisa , and Maggie . The show is set in the fictional town of Springfield and parodies American culture and society , television , and the human condition . The family was conceived by Groening shortly before a solicitation for a series of animated shorts with producer James L. Brooks . Groening created a dysfunctional family and named the characters after his own family members , substituting Bart for his own name . The shorts became a part of The Tracey Ullman Show on April 19 , 1987 . After three seasons , the sketch was developed into a half-hour prime time show and became Fox 's first series to land in the Top 30 ratings in a season ( 1989-90 ) . Since its debut on December 17 , 1989 , 674 episodes of The Simpsons have been broadcast . It is the longest-running American sitcom , and the longest-running American scripted primetime television series , both in terms of seasons and number of episodes . The Simpsons Movie , a feature-length film , was released in theaters worldwide on July 27 , 2007 , and grossed over $ 527 million . Then on October 30 , 2007 , a video game was released . The Simpsons was renewed on February 6 , 2019 for a thirty-first and thirty-second season ." } ] }, { "value": "Himself", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Episode : New Kids on the Blecch", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/New_Kids_on_the_Blecch", "summary": "New Kids on the Blecch is the fourteenth episode of the twelfth season of The Simpsons . It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 25 , 2001 . In the episode , a music producer selects Bart , Nelson , Milhouse and Ralph to be members of the next hit boy band , who record songs containing subliminal messages about joining the Navy . The episode was written by Tim Long and directed by Steven Dean Moore . The episode 's title is a play on the boy band New Kids on the Block and Mad Magazine 's tendency to use the word blecch in their parodic titles . The episode has received positive reviews from critics and was watched by over 18 million viewers ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [] }, { "value": "What I Like About You", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/What_I_Like_About_You_(TV_series)", "summary": "What I Like About You is an American sitcom television series set mainly in New York City , following the lives of two sisters : responsible older sister Val ( Jennie Garth ) and her vivacious teenaged sister Holly ( Amanda Bynes ) . The series ran on The WB from September 20 , 2002 , to March 24 , 2006 , with a total of 86 episodes produced . With the exception of a brief period early in the second season , What I Like About You was a headline on The WB 's Friday Night Comedy Lineup . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Himself", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Spa Day ( Season 1 , episode 2 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Greetings from Tucson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Greetings_from_Tucson", "summary": "Greetings from Tucson is an American sitcom television series created by Peter Murrieta , which aired on The WB from September 20 , 2002 to May 9 , 2003 , during the 2002-2003 season . The series was executive produced by Rob LaZebnik , Peter Murrieta , Howard Klein and David Miner . Though reviews were mixed , critics applauded the abilities of the mostly-Latino cast , calling the show a welcome addition to TV 's largely white landscape , and compared its premise to I Love Lucy , The Jeffersons and the thought-provoking 1970s comedies of Norman Lear ." } ] }, { "value": "Jay Dugray", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Home Sweet Home ( Season 1 , episode 18 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2005", "urls": [] }, { "value": "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ?", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/What's_New,_Scooby-Doo?", "summary": "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? is an American animated mystery comedy television series produced by Warner Bros . Animation for Kids ' WB ; it is the ninth incarnation of the Scooby-Doo franchise that began with Hanna-Barbera 's Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! and the first of such since the previous incarnation , A Pup Named Scooby-Doo , ended in 1991 . The series revives the format of Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! , in which the title character and his companions , Fred Jones ; Daphne Blake ; Velma Dinkley and Shaggy Rogers , travel to varying locations solving mysteries ; this format is modernized for What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? , in which the characters utilize technology that did not exist at the time Scooby-Doo , Where Are You ! first aired . It is the first television series in the franchise in which Frank Welker , Grey DeLisle and Mindy Cohn respectively portrayed the voices of Scooby-Doo , Daphne , and Velma , and where Casey Kasem made his comeback as Shaggy after seven years of not voicing the character and would also be the final Scooby-Doo series where he voices the character before his death in 2014 , though he would still do voice work in the two following incarnations , Shaggy & Scooby-Doo Get a Clue ! and Scooby Doo ! Mystery Incorporated . The series premiered on September 14 , 2002 , and ran for three seasons before ending on July 21 , 2006 . The title song was performed by Canadian band Simple Plan . Reruns of the series have aired on both Cartoon Network and Boomerang in the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Himself", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A Scooby-Doo Valentine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/List_of_What's_New,_Scooby-Doo?_episodes", "summary": "What 's New , Scooby-Doo ? is an American animated mystery-comedy series . The show was broadcast from September 14 , 2002 to July 21 , 2006 on Kids ' WB , a Saturday morning children 's programming block on The WB Television Network . This is the ninth incarnation of the Scooby-Doo franchise , and features the main characters - Fred Jones , Daphne Blake , Velma Dinkley , Shaggy Rogers and Scooby-Doo - investigating appearances of supernatural creatures ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ghost Whisperer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ghost_Whisperer", "summary": "Ghost Whisperer is an American supernatural television series , which ran on CBS from September 23 , 2005 , to May 21 , 2010 . The series follows the life of Melinda Gordon ( Jennifer Love Hewitt ) , who has the ability to see and communicate with ghosts . While trying to live as normal a life as possible - she is married and owns an antique store - Melinda helps earthbound spirits resolve their problems and cross over into the light , or the spirit world . Her tasks are difficult and at times she struggles with people who push her away and do not believe in her gift . In addition , the ghosts are mysterious and sometimes menacing at first , and Melinda must use the clues available to her to understand the spirits ' needs and help them . The show was created by John Gray and was produced by Sander/Moses Productions , executive producer , and Jennifer Love Hewitt in association with ABC Studios and CBS Television Studios . On May 18 , 2010 , CBS canceled the show after five seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Samson", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Curse of the Ninth ( Season 2 , episode 9 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Las Vegas", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Las_Vegas_(TV_series)", "summary": "Las Vegas is an American comedy-drama television series created by Gary Scott Thompson to be broadcast by NBC from September 22 , 2003 , to February 15 , 2008 . The show focused on a team of people working at the fictional Montecito Resort and Casino dealing with issues that arise within the working environment , ranging from valet parking and restaurant management to casino security . The series originally aired on Monday nights , though NBC later moved the series to Friday nights , first to 9 pm Eastern/8 pm Central and then to 10 pm Eastern/9 pm Central . The show entered syndication in the United States in September 2007 . In July 2013 , after a long run of weekday back-to-back episodes on TNT , Las Vegas reruns were moved to a graveyard slot of 4 am , then removed totally from TNT 's lineup . The series originally centered on Ed Deline ( James Caan ) , a strict ex-CIA officer who went from being head of security to becoming president of operations of the Montecito , whose job is to run the day-to-day operations of the casino . Following his departure from the series in season five , former Marine Danny McCoy ( Josh Duhamel ) , Ed 's former protégé , became the Montecito 's new president of operations . The series abruptly ended with a cliffhanger because NBC cancelled Las Vegas in the offseason following season five ." } ] }, { "value": "William", "urls": [] }, { "value": "I Could Eat a Horse ( Season 5 , episode 12 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2008-2012", "urls": [] }, { "value": "America 's Best Dance Crew", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/America's_Best_Dance_Crew", "summary": "America 's Best Dance Crew , often abbreviated as ABDC , is an American competitive dance reality television series that features both national and international dance crews . The show was produced by singer , record producer , and former American Idol judge Randy Jackson . The series premiered on February 7 , 2008 , on MTV . It was originally developed for NBC as World Moves . The show was hosted by actor Mario Lopez , and featured television personality Layla Kayleigh as the backstage correspondent . The judging panel consisted of hip hop recording artist Lil Mama , singer-songwriter JC Chasez , and dancer Dominic D-Trix Sandoval . Former judges included hip hop choreographer Shane Sparks and R & B singer Omarion . After an initial seven season run , America 's Best Dance Crew was cancelled in 2012 due to declining ratings . However , on January 10 , 2015 , MTV announced that the series would be revived for an eighth season . The new season , titled Americas Best Dance Crew All-Stars : Road to the VMAs , premiered on July 29 , 2015 . Hosted by Jason Dundas , the revival features a new judging panel : hip hop artist T-Pain , recording artist Teyana Taylor , and Broadway performer Frankie Grande ." } ] }, { "value": "Himself", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Judge", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Filmography", "section_text": "", "uid": "JC_Chasez_1", "intro": "Joshua Scott JC Chasez (/ˈʃɑːzeɪ/; born August 8, 1976) is an American singer, songwriter, dancer, record producer, and occasional actor. He started out his career as a cast member on The Mickey Mouse Club before rising to stardom with *NSYNC, and by writing and producing for music acts such as Girls Aloud, Basement Jaxx, David Archuleta, and Matthew Morrison. He also served as a judge for America's Best Dance Crew." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup", "title": "Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup", "header": [ "Year", "Event", "Format", "Location" ], "data": [ { "value": "1983", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1983_in_sports", "summary": "1983 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "1st World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1983_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup", "summary": "The 1983 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup was the first edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup , held from April 15 to April 17 in Belgrade , Yugoslavia . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation and followed the steps of the Artistic Gymnastics World Cup , first held in 1975 ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Belgrade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgrade", "summary": "Belgrade ( /ˈbɛlɡreɪd/ BEL-grayd ; Serbian : Beograd / Београд , lit . 'White City ' , pronounced [ beǒɡrad ] ( listen ) ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of Serbia . It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers and the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain and the Balkan Peninsula . The urban area of Belgrade has a population of 1.23 million , while nearly 1.7 million people live within the administrative limits of the City of Belgrade ( which encompasses almost all of its metropolitan area ) , a quarter of the total population of Serbia . One of the most important prehistoric cultures of Europe , the Vinča culture , evolved within the Belgrade area in the 6th millennium BC . In antiquity , Thraco-Dacians inhabited the region and , after 279 BC , Celts settled the city , naming it Singidūn . It was conquered by the Romans under the reign of Augustus and awarded Roman city rights in the mid-2nd century . It was settled by the Slavs in the 520s , and changed hands several times between the Byzantine Empire , the Frankish Empire , the Bulgarian Empire , and the Kingdom of Hungary before it became the seat of the Serbian king Stefan Dragutin in 1284 . In 1521 , Belgrade was conquered by the Ottoman Empire and became the seat of the Sanjak of Smederevo . It frequently passed from Ottoman to Habsburg rule , which saw the destruction of most of the city during the Austro-Ottoman wars . Belgrade was again named the capital of Serbia in 1841 . Northern Belgrade remained the southernmost Habsburg post until 1918 , when it was attached to the city , due to former Austro-Hungarian territories becoming the part of the new Kingdom of Serbs , Croats and Slovenes after World War I ." } ] }, { "value": "1986", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1986_in_sports", "summary": "1986 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1986_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup", "summary": "The 1986 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup was the second Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup , held from October 17 to 19 in Tokyo , Japan . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tokyo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tokyo", "summary": "Tokyo ( 東京 , Tōkyō , English : /ˈtoʊkioʊ/ , Japanese : [ toːkʲoː ] ( listen ) ) , officially Tokyo Metropolis ( 東京都 , Tōkyō-to ) , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan . The capital of Japan , it houses the Emperor of Japan and the Japanese government . Tokyo forms part of the Kantō region on the southeastern side of Japan 's main island , Honshu , and includes the Izu and Ogasawara Islands . Originally a small fishing village named Edo ( 江戸 ) , the city became a prominent political center of Japan when Shōgun Tokugawa Ieyasu made the city his headquarters in 1603 . When Emperor Meiji moved the imperial seat to the city from Kyoto in 1868 , Edo was renamed Tokyo , literally the Eastern Capital . The Tokyo Metropolis formed in 1943 from the merger of the former Tokyo Prefecture ( 東京府 , Tōkyō-fu ) and the city of Tokyo ( 東京市 , Tōkyō-shi ) . While commonly referred to as a city , Tokyo is a collective entity of multiple smaller municipalities , including 23 special wards and various bed towns in the western area . Modern Tokyo is categorized as an alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network . As of 2019 , the population of Tokyo was estimated to be over 13.9 million , making it Japan 's most populous prefecture . The metropolitan area is the world 's most populous with over 40 million people as well as the world 's largest urban agglomeration economy . As of 2011 [ update ] , Tokyo hosted 51 of the Fortune Global 500 companies , the highest number of any city in the world at that time . The city ranked sixth on the Global Financial Centres Index of 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "1990", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1990_in_sports", "summary": "1990 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "3rd World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/1990_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup", "summary": "The 1990 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup was the third edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup , held in Brussels , Belgium . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brussels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels", "summary": "Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city ." } ] }, { "value": "2000", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_in_sports", "summary": "2000 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "4th World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2000_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_Final", "summary": "The 2000 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final was the fourth edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final , held in December 2000 in Glasgow , United Kingdom , at the Braehead Arena . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation under a different format compared to the previous editions . While the first three Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup tournaments were standalone events , in 1997 the FIG Executive Committee made the decision to hold the 2000 World Cup Final event as the last stage of a series of competitions through the 1999-2000 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Glasgow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Glasgow", "summary": "Glasgow ( /ˈɡlæzɡoʊ/ , also UK : /ˈɡlɑːzɡoʊ , ˈɡlɑːsɡoʊ/ , US : /ˈɡlæsɡoʊ , ˈɡlæskoʊ/ ; Scots : Glesga [ ˈɡlezɡə ] ; Scottish Gaelic : Glaschu [ ˈkl̪ˠas̪əxu ] ) is the most populous city in Scotland , and the third most populous city in the United Kingdom , as of the 2017 estimated city population of 621,020 . Historically part of Lanarkshire , the city now forms the Glasgow City council area , one of the 32 council areas of Scotland ; the local authority is Glasgow City Council . Glasgow is situated on the River Clyde in the country 's West Central Lowlands . It is the fifth most visited city in the UK . Inhabitants of the city are referred to as Glaswegians or , informally , as Weegies . Glasgow is also known for the Glasgow patter , a distinct dialect of the Scots language that is noted for being difficult to understand by those from outside the city . Glasgow grew from a small rural settlement on the River Clyde to become the largest seaport in Scotland , and tenth largest by tonnage in Britain . Expanding from the medieval bishopric and royal burgh , and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow in the fifteenth century , it became a major centre of the Scottish Enlightenment in the eighteenth century . From the eighteenth century onwards , the city also grew as one of Great Britain 's main hubs of transatlantic trade with North America and the West Indies . With the onset of the Industrial Revolution , the population and economy of Glasgow and the surrounding region expanded rapidly to become one of the world 's pre-eminent centres of chemicals , textiles and engineering ; most notably in the shipbuilding and marine engineering industry , which produced many innovative and famous vessels . Glasgow was the Second City of the British Empire for much of the Victorian era and Edwardian period , although many cities argue the title was theirs . In the late 19th and early 20th centuries , Glasgow 's population grew rapidly , reaching a peak of 1,127,825 people in 1938 ." } ] }, { "value": "2002", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2002_in_sports", "summary": "2002 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "5th World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2002_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_Final", "summary": "The 2002 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final was the fifth edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final , held from November 30 to December 2 , 2002 in Stuttgart , Germany . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation as the last stage of a series of competitions through the 2001-2002 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stuttgart", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stuttgart", "summary": "Stuttgart ( /ˈʃtʊtɡɑːrt/ SHTUUT-gart , also US : /ˈstʌt- , ˈstʊt-/ STU ( U ) T- ; German : [ ˈʃtʊtɡaʁt ] ( listen ) ; Swabian : Schduagert [ ˈʒ̊d̥ua̯ɡ̊ɛʕd̥ ] ; names in other languages ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg . Stuttgart is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known locally as the Stuttgart Cauldron . It lies an hour from the Swabian Jura and the Black Forest . Its urban area has a population of 634,830 , making it the sixth largest city in Germany . 2.8 million people live in the city 's administrative region and 5.3 million people in its metropolitan area , making it the fourth largest metropolitan area in Germany . The city and metropolitan area are consistently ranked among the top 20 European metropolitan areas by GDP ; Mercer listed Stuttgart as 21st on its 2015 list of cities by quality of living , [ a ] innovation agency 2thinknow ranked the city 24th globally out of 442 cities [ b ] and the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked the city as a Beta-status world city in their 2014 survey. , Stuttgart was one of the host cities of the official tournaments for the 1974 and 2006 FIFA World Cup . Since the 7th millennium BC , the Stuttgart area has been an important agricultural area and has been host to a number of cultures seeking to utilize the rich soil of the Neckar valley . The Roman Empire conquered the area in 83 AD and built a massive castrum near Bad Cannstatt , making it the most important regional centre for several centuries . Stuttgart 's roots were truly laid in the 10th century with its founding by Liudolf , Duke of Swabia , as a stud farm for his warhorses . Initially overshadowed by nearby Cannstatt , the town grew steadily and was granted a charter in 1320 . The fortunes of Stuttgart turned with those of the House of Württemberg , and they made it the capital of their county , duchy , and kingdom from the 15th century to 1918 . Stuttgart prospered despite setbacks in the Thirty Years ' War and devastating air raids by the Allies on the city and its automobile production during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "2004", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004_in_sports", "summary": "2004 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "6th World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2004_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_Final", "summary": "The 2004 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final was the sixth edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final , held from November 27 to November 28 , 2004 in Moscow , Russia . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation as the last stage of a series of competitions through the 2003-2004 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Moscow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Moscow", "summary": "Moscow ( /ˈmɒskoʊ/ , in US mainly : /ˈmɒskaʊ/ ; Russian : Москва , tr . Moskva , IPA : [ mɐˈskva ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous city of Russia , with approximately 12.6 million residents within the city limits , 17 million within the urban area and 20 million within the metropolitan area . Moscow is one of Russia 's federal cities . Moscow is a major political , economic , cultural , and scientific centre of Russia and Eastern Europe . It is the second-most populous city in Europe , the most populous city entirely within Europe , as well as the largest city ( by area ) on the European continent . By broader definitions , Moscow is among the world 's largest cities , being the 24th largest metropolitan area , the 16th largest urban area , and the 10th largest by population within city limits worldwide . Moscow has been ranked as the ninth most expensive city in the world and has one of the world 's largest urban economies , being ranked as an alpha global city , and is also one of the fastest growing tourist destinations in the world . Moscow is home to the third-highest number of billionaires of any city in the world , and has the highest number of billionaires of any city in Europe . Moscow is the northernmost and coldest megacity on the Earth . It is home to the Ostankino Tower , the tallest free standing structure in Europe ; the Federation Tower , the second-tallest skyscraper in Europe ; and the Moscow International Business Center . Moscow is the largest city on the European continent by area . Moscow is situated on the Moskva River in the Central Federal District of European Russia , it is well known for its architecture , particularly its historic buildings such as Saint Basil 's Cathedral in Russian architectural style with a richly decorated and multicolored facade ." } ] }, { "value": "2006", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2006_in_sports", "summary": "2006 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "7th World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2006_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_Final", "summary": "The 2006 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final was the seventh edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final , held from November 17 to November 18 , 2006 in Mie , Japan . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation as the last stage of a series of competitions through the 2005-2006 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mie", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mie_Prefecture", "summary": "Mie Prefecture ( 三重県 , Mie-ken ) is a prefecture of Japan located in the Kansai region of Honshu . Mie Prefecture has a population of 1,781,948 ( 1 June 2019 ) and has a geographic area of 5,774 km² ( 2,229 sq mi ) . Mie Prefecture borders Gifu Prefecture to the north , Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture to the northwest , Nara Prefecture to the west , Wakayama Prefecture to the southwest , and Aichi Prefecture to the east . Tsu is the capital and Yokkaichi is the largest city of Mie Prefecture , with other major cities including Suzuka , Matsusaka , and Kuwana . Mie Prefecture is located on the eastern coast of the Kii Peninsula , forming the western side of Ise Bay which features the mouths of the Kiso Three Rivers . Mie Prefecture is a popular tourism destination home to Nagashima Spa Land , Suzuka International Racing Course , and some of the oldest and holiest sites in Shinto , the traditional religion of Japan , including the Ise Grand Shrine and the Tsubaki Grand Shrine ." } ] }, { "value": "2008", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_in_sports", "summary": "2008 in sports describes the year 's events in world sport ." } ] }, { "value": "8th World Cup Final", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/2008_FIG_Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_Final", "summary": "The 2008 FIG Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final was the eighth edition of the Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Final , held from October 4 to October 6 , 2008 in Benidorm , Spain . The competition was officially organized by the International Gymnastics Federation as the last stage of a series of competitions through the 2007-2008 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Individuals and groups", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Benidorm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benidorm", "summary": "Benidorm ( /ˈbɛnɪdɔːrm/ ; Valencian : [ beniˈðɔɾm ] ; Spanish : [ beniˈðoɾ ] ) is a city and municipality in the province of Alicante ( Valencian Community ) , on Spain 's Mediterranean coast . Benidorm has been a tourist destination within Spain since 1925 , when its port was extended and the first hotels were built . However , the real boom of Benidorm as a coastal resort did not happen until the 1950s , when it became a famous summer destination for people coming from inland Spain , especially Madrid . Today it is known for its hotel industry , beaches and skyscrapers and receives as many or even slightly more foreign tourists as Spanish ones . According to the 2014 census , Benidorm has a permanent population of 69,010 inhabitants , making it the fifth most populous town in the Alicante province ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Events -- World Cup Final", "section_text": "Main article : FIG World Cup § FIG World Cup Final There were eight Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup Finals held between 1983 and 2008 . On the first three occasions , 1983 , 1986 and 1990 , the World Cup was held as a stand-alone event . From 1999 to 2008 , each World Cup Final was held in an even-numbered year following a two-year long series that served as the qualification stages for the final event . [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The first World Cup Final using this format , formally considered the Fourth World Cup Final , was staged in 2000 , following the 1999–2000 series ; the last World Cup Final took place in 2008 , at the end of the 2007–08 series . [ 2 ] World Cup Finals are no longer held for any of the FIG disciplines .", "uid": "Rhythmic_Gymnastics_World_Cup_0", "intro": "The Rhythmic Gymnastics World Cup is a competition for rhythmic gymnastics sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). It is one of the few tournaments in rhythmic gymnastics officially organized by FIG, as well as the World Championships, the gymnastics competitions at the Olympic Games and the Youth Olympics and the rhythmic gymnastics events at the World Games. The World Cup series should not be confused with the Rhythmic Gymnastics Grand Prix series, which is neither officially organized nor promoted by FIG." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(season_24)", "title": "Live! with Regis and Kelly (season 24)", "header": [ "Date", "Guest Co-Host", "Guests/Segments" ], "data": [ { "value": "January 2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mark Consuelos", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Consuelos", "summary": "Mark Andrew Consuelos ( born March 30 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his portrayal of Mateo Santos on the ABC soap opera All My Children ( 1995-2001 ; 2010 ) and supporting actor Hiram Lodge on The CW drama Riverdale ( 2017-present ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Tyra Banks , Ben Flajnik , New Year 's Fitness Week - Turbo Kick", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tyra_Banks", "summary": "Tyra Lynne Banks ( born December 4 , 1973 ) , also known as BanX , is an American television personality , producer , businesswoman , actress , author , model , and occasional singer . Born in Inglewood , California , she began her career as a model at the age of 15 , and was the first woman of African-American descent to be featured on the covers of GQ and the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue , on which she appeared thrice . She was a Victoria 's Secret Angel from 1997 to 2005 . By the early 2000s , Banks was one of the world 's top-earning models . Banks began acting on television in 1993 on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air , and made her film debut in Higher Learning in 1995 . In 2000 she had major roles such as Eve in Disney Channel 's Life-Size and Zoe in the box-office hit Coyote Ugly . She had small roles in the romantic film Love & Basketball ( 2000 ) and horror film Halloween : Resurrection ( 2002 ) , and appeared in television series Gossip Girl and Glee . In 2003 , Banks created and began presenting the long-running reality television series America 's Next Top Model , which she executive produced and presented for the first twenty-two seasons , until the series ' cancellation in October 2015 . She remained executive producer for the revival of the series , and enlisted Rita Ora as host for the twenty-third cycle before reassuming the duties herself for the twenty-fourth cycle . Banks was the co-creator of True Beauty , and had her own talk show , The Tyra Banks Show , which aired on The CW for five seasons and won two Daytime Emmy awards for Outstanding Talk Show Informative . She co-hosted the talk show FABLife for two months . In 2017 , Banks replaced Nick Cannon as host of America 's Got Talent for its 12th season ." } ] }, { "value": "January 3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jim Parsons", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jim_Parsons", "summary": "James Joseph Parsons ( born March 24 , 1973 ) is an American actor and producer . Parsons is known for playing Sheldon Cooper in the CBS sitcom The Big Bang Theory ( 2007-2019 ) . He has received several awards for his performance , including four Primetime Emmy Awards for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Comedy Series and the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Television Series Musical or Comedy . In 2018 , Forbes estimated his annual salary to be $ 26.5 million and named him the world 's highest-paid television actor . Parsons made his Broadway debut in 2011 portraying Tommy Boatwright in the play The Normal Heart , for which he shared a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Ensemble Performance . He reprised the role in the film adaptation of the play , and received his seventh Emmy nomination , this time in the category of Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or Movie . In film , Parsons has voiced the lead character in Home ( 2015 ) and played supporting roles in Hidden Figures ( 2016 ) and Extremely Wicked , Shockingly Evil and Vile ( 2019 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "William H. Macy , Isaac Mizrahi , New Year 's Fitness Week - P90X", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_H._Macy", "summary": "William Hall Macy Jr. ( born March 13 , 1950 ) is an American actor and director . His film career has been built on appearances in small , independent films , though he has also appeared in summer action films . Macy has described himself as sort of a Middle American , WASPy , Lutheran kind of guy . Everyman . Macy has won two Emmy Awards and four Screen Actors Guild Awards , as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor for Fargo . Since 2011 , he has played Frank Gallagher , a main character in the Showtime adaptation of the British television series Shameless . Macy married actress Felicity Huffman in 1997 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Isaac_Mizrahi", "summary": "Isaac Mizrahi ( born October 14 , 1961 ) is an American fashion designer , TV presenter , and Chief Designer of the Isaac Mizrahi brand for Xcel Brands . Based in New York City , he is best known for his eponymous fashion lines . Mizrahi currently serves as a judge on Project Runway : All Stars ." }, { "url": "/wiki/P90X", "summary": "P90X , or Power 90 Extreme , is a commercial home exercise regimen created by Tony Horton in 2005 and was developed as a successor to the program called Power 90 . It consists of a training program that uses cross-training and periodization , combined with a nutrition and dietary supplement plan . The program was launched in 2005 ; it was heavily marketed through infomercials and was endorsed by Sheryl Crow , Michelle Obama , and Paul Ryan ." } ] }, { "value": "January 4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "David Duchovny", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/David_Duchovny", "summary": "David William Duchovny /dʊˈkʌvni/ ( born August 7 , 1960 ) is an American actor , writer , producer , director , novelist , and singer-songwriter . He is known for playing FBI agent Fox Mulder on the television series The X-Files and writer Hank Moody on the television series Californication , both of which have earned him Golden Globe awards . Duchovny appeared in both X-Files films , the 1998 science fiction-thriller of the same name and the supernatural-thriller The X-Files : I Want to Believe ( 2008 ) . He executive-produced and starred in the historically based cop drama Aquarius ( 2015-16 ) . Duchovny earned a A.B . in English literature from Princeton University , and an M.A . in English literature from Yale University , and has since published three books , Holy Cow : A Modern-Day Dairy Tale ( 2015 ) , Bucky F*cking Dent ( 2016 ) and Miss Subways ( 2018 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Terrence Howard , New Year 's Fitness Week - Brooke Burke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Terrence_Howard", "summary": "Terrence Dashon Howard ( born March 11 , 1969 ) is an American actor , rapper , singer-songwriter , and record producer . Having his first major roles in the 1995 films Dead Presidents and Mr. Holland 's Opus , Howard broke into the mainstream with a succession of television and cinema roles between 2004 and 2006 . He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Hustle & Flow . Howard has had prominent roles in many other movies , including Winnie , Ray , Lackawanna Blues , Crash , Four Brothers , Big Momma 's House , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , Idlewild , Biker Boyz , August Rush , The Brave One , and Prisoners . Howard played James Rhodes in Iron Man and its video game adaptation , but he was replaced by Don Cheadle for the sequels . He stars as the lead character Lucious Lyon in the television series Empire . His debut album , Shine Through It , was released in September 2008 . In September 2019 , Howard announced that he had retired from acting as he was tired of pretending ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Brooke_Burke", "summary": "Brooke Lisa Burke ( born September 8 , 1971 ) is an American actress , dancer , model , and television personality . She is known as a Playboy model , hosting Wild On ! , Rock Star ( 2005-2006 ) , winning the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars , for co-hosting Dancing With the Stars from 2010 to 2013 and featuring in Need for Speed : Underground 2 as Rachel Teller ." } ] }, { "value": "January 5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rob Lowe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rob_Lowe", "summary": "Robert Hepler Lowe ( /loʊ/ ; born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He is the recipient of two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has been nominated for six Golden Globes Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award . Lowe made his acting debut at the age of 15 with ABC 's short-lived sitcom A New Kind of Family ( 1979-1980 ) . Following numerous television roles in the early 1980s , he came to prominence as a teen idol and member of the Brat Pack with roles in films like The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Class ( 1983 ) , The Hotel New Hampshire ( 1984 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , About Last Night . ( 1986 ) , and Square Dance ( 1987 ) . The success of these films established him as a Hollywood star . Following a 1988 sex tape scandal , Lowe 's public image and film career declined . By the turn of the millennium , his career saw a resurgence when he ventured back into television , making his breakthrough as Sam Seaborn on the NBC political drama The West Wing ( 1999-2003 ) , for which he received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards . His other television roles include Robert McCallister on the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters ( 2006-2010 ) , Chris Traeger on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation ( 2010-2014 ) , Ethan Willis on the CBS medical drama Code Black ( 2015-2018 ) , and the A & E reality series The Lowe Files ( 2017 ) , in which he appears with his two sons , Matthew and John Owen . In 2018 , he made his directorial debut with the television film The Bad Seed , a remake of the 1956 film of the same name ." } ] }, { "value": "Darren Criss , New Year 's Fitness Week - Zumba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darren_Criss", "summary": "Darren Everett Criss ( born February 5 , 1987 ) is an American actor , singer and songwriter . He received Emmy and Golden Globe acting awards for his leading role in The Assassination of Gianni Versace : American Crime Story ( 2018 ) . He has also appeared on Broadway and in film , and has released several recordings as a soloist and in a band . A founding member and co-owner of StarKid Productions , a musical theater company based in Chicago , Criss first garnered attention playing the lead role of Harry Potter in , and writing most of the music and lyrics for , StarKid 's musical production of A Very Potter Musical . The theater troupe made Billboard history when their original album , Me and My Dick , became the first charting student-produced musical recording , debuting at number eleven on the Top Cast Albums chart in 2010 . Criss has also starred on Broadway in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying and Hedwig and the Angry Inch . In 2015 , Criss co-founded Elsie Fest which is touted as New York City 's first outdoor music festival celebrating tunes from the stage and screen . Criss is best known for his portrayal of Blaine Anderson on the Fox musical comedy-drama series Glee from 2010 until 2015 . Initially appearing as the lead vocalist of Glee 's Dalton Academy Warblers , Criss ' first number , a cover version of Teenage Dream , became the fastest-selling Glee single , reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was certified gold in the US . The Warblers have sold over 1.3 million tracks , and the soundtrack album , Glee : The Music Presents the Warblers ( 2011 ) , peaked at number two on the US Billboard 200 . He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 2015 for writing the song This Time for the Glee finale . In March 2017 , Criss debuted his indie pop band Computer Games along with his brother Chuck Criss ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Zumba", "summary": "Zumba is an exercise fitness program created by Colombian dancer and choreographer Alberto Beto Pérez during the 1990s . Zumba is a trademark owned by Zumba Fitness , LLC . The Brazilian pop singer Claudia Leitte has become the international ambassador to Zumba Fitness ." } ] }, { "value": "January 6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rob Lowe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rob_Lowe", "summary": "Robert Hepler Lowe ( /loʊ/ ; born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor , producer , and director . He is the recipient of two Screen Actors Guild Awards and has been nominated for six Golden Globes Awards and a Primetime Emmy Award . Lowe made his acting debut at the age of 15 with ABC 's short-lived sitcom A New Kind of Family ( 1979-1980 ) . Following numerous television roles in the early 1980s , he came to prominence as a teen idol and member of the Brat Pack with roles in films like The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Class ( 1983 ) , The Hotel New Hampshire ( 1984 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , About Last Night . ( 1986 ) , and Square Dance ( 1987 ) . The success of these films established him as a Hollywood star . Following a 1988 sex tape scandal , Lowe 's public image and film career declined . By the turn of the millennium , his career saw a resurgence when he ventured back into television , making his breakthrough as Sam Seaborn on the NBC political drama The West Wing ( 1999-2003 ) , for which he received nominations for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Golden Globe Awards . His other television roles include Robert McCallister on the ABC drama Brothers & Sisters ( 2006-2010 ) , Chris Traeger on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation ( 2010-2014 ) , Ethan Willis on the CBS medical drama Code Black ( 2015-2018 ) , and the A & E reality series The Lowe Files ( 2017 ) , in which he appears with his two sons , Matthew and John Owen . In 2018 , he made his directorial debut with the television film The Bad Seed , a remake of the 1956 film of the same name ." } ] }, { "value": "Kristen Bell , Jennifer Morrison , New Year 's Fitness Week - TRX Suspension Training", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kristen_Bell", "summary": "Kristen Anne Bell ( born July 18 , 1980 ) is an American actress and singer . She began her professional acting career by starring in stage productions while attending the Tisch School of the Arts at New York University . In 2001 , she made her Broadway debut as Becky Thatcher in the comedy musical The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and starred in the Broadway revival of The Crucible the following year . In 2004 , she appeared in the action thriller film Spartan and received critical praise for her performance in the television drama film Gracie 's Choice . Bell garnered critical acclaim for her first major role as the title character in the teen noir drama television series Veronica Mars ( 2004-2007 ) . For her performance , she was awarded a Saturn Award for Best Actress on Television . She reprised the eponymous role in the 2014 film continuation and the 2019 revival series . During her time on Veronica Mars , Bell starred as Mary Lane in the musical film Reefer Madness : The Movie Musical ( 2005 ) , a reprise of the role she had played in the New York musical upon which the film was based . From 2007 to 2008 , Bell starred as Elle Bishop in the science fiction drama series Heroes . From 2007 to 2012 , she voiced the titular narrator in the teen drama series Gossip Girl . In 2008 , she had her breakout film role as the title character in Forgetting Sarah Marshall . She has since appeared in a number of comedy films , including Couples Retreat ( 2009 ) , When in Rome ( 2010 ) , You Again ( 2010 ) , The Boss ( 2016 ) , Bad Moms ( 2016 ) , and A Bad Moms Christmas ( 2017 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jennifer_Morrison", "summary": "Jennifer Marie Morrison ( born April 12 , 1979 ) is an American actress , producer , director , and former child model . She is known for her roles as Dr. Allison Cameron in the medical-drama series House ( 2004-2012 ) and Emma Swan in the ABC adventure-fantasy series Once Upon a Time ( 2011-2017 , 2018 ) . She has also portrayed Zoey Pierson , one of Ted Mosby 's love interests on the comedy series How I Met Your Mother ; Winona Kirk , mother of James T. Kirk in the 2009 science-fiction film Star Trek ; and Tess Conlon in the 2011 sports drama film Warrior . She made her feature film directorial debut with Sun Dogs ( 2017 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "January 9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reggie Bush", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reggie_Bush", "summary": "Reginald Alfred Bush Jr. ( born March 2 , 1985 ) is a former American football running back . He played college football at USC , where he earned consensus All-American honors twice and won the Heisman Trophy ( later forfeited ) as the most outstanding player in the nation . He was drafted by the New Orleans Saints second overall in the 2006 NFL Draft . While with the Saints , Bush was named an All-Pro kick returner in 2008 and won Super Bowl XLIV in 2010 over the Indianapolis Colts . He also played for the Buffalo Bills , Miami Dolphins , Detroit Lions , and San Francisco 49ers . Bush also won the 2005 Doak Walker and Walter Camp awards . However , allegations that he received improper benefits were central to an NCAA investigation of the USC football program that led to severe NCAA sanctions against USC , including a two-year postseason ban and the vacating of the 2004 national championship . As a result , Bush voluntarily forfeited his Heisman Trophy ." } ] }, { "value": "Mark Wahlberg , Meal Makeover Week - Jorge Cruise", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Wahlberg", "summary": "Mark Robert Michael Wahlberg ( born June 5 , 1971 ) is an American actor , producer , businessman , model , rapper , singer and songwriter . He is also known by his former stage name Marky Mark , from his career as frontman for the group , Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch , with whom he released the albums Music for the People ( 1991 ) and You Got ta Believe ( 1992 ) . From his early music career Wahlberg transitioned to acting , with his screen debut in Renaissance Man ( 1994 ) and his first starring role in Fear ( 1996 ) . He received critical praise for his performance as porn actor Dirk Diggler in Boogie Nights . In the early 2000s , he ventured into big budget action oriented movies , such as The Perfect Storm ( 2000 ) , Planet of the Apes ( 2001 ) and The Italian Job ( 2003 ) . For playing a police officer in the neo-crime drama The Departed ( 2006 ) , he earned a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . For the biographical sports drama The Fighter ( 2010 ) , in which he starred as Micky Ward , Wahlberg received a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor . In the 2010s , he landed successful comedy roles with The Other Guys ( 2010 ) , Daddy 's Home ( 2015 ) and its 2017 sequel , Ted ( 2012 ) and its 2015 sequel , and became the protagonist in the Transformers live-action film franchise ( 2014 , 2017 ) . He was the world 's best-paid actor in 2017 . Wahlberg also served as executive producer of four HBO series : the comedy-drama Entourage ( 2004-2011 ) , the period crime drama Boardwalk Empire ( 2010-2014 ) , and the comedy-dramas How to Make It in America ( 2010-2011 ) and Ballers ( 2015-2019 ) . He is co-owner of the Wahlburgers chain and co-starred in the reality TV series about it . Wahlberg received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2010 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jorge_Cruise", "summary": "Jorge Cruise ( born March 6 , 1971 in Mexico City ) is a Mexican author , fitness trainer and proponent of intermittent fasting and low-carbohydrate dieting . He is the author of The Cruise Control Diet ( 2019 ) as well as books on The New York Times bestseller list : The 100 ( 2013 ) , The Belly Fat Cure ( 2010 ) , Body at Home ( 2009 ) , The 12-Second Sequence ( 2009 ) , The 3-Hour Diet ( 2006 ) , and 8 Minutes in the Morning ( 2002 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "January 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carl Edwards", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carl_Edwards", "summary": "Carl Michael Edwards II ( born August 15 , 1979 ) is an American former professional stock car racing driver . He last competed in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series , driving the No . 19 Toyota Camry for Joe Gibbs Racing . Prior to that , he drove the No . 99 Ford Fusion for Roush Fenway Racing . He won the 2007 NASCAR Busch Series championship and nearly won the 2011 NASCAR Sprint Cup Series title , but lost by a tiebreaker to Tony Stewart . Edwards is well known for doing a backflip off his car to celebrate a victory , which was a result of saving himself from a potential fall when he had his first win ." } ] }, { "value": "Kate Beckinsale , Laura Prepon , Meal Makeover Week - Tanya Zuckerbrot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kate_Beckinsale", "summary": "Kathrin Romary Beckinsale ( born 26 July 1973 ) is an English actress . After some minor television roles , she made her film debut in Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) while still a student at the University of Oxford . She appeared in British costume dramas such as Prince of Jutland ( 1994 ) , Cold Comfort Farm ( 1995 ) , Emma ( 1996 ) , and The Golden Bowl ( 2000 ) , in addition to various stage and radio productions . She began to seek film work in the United States in the late 1990s and , after appearing in small-scale dramas The Last Days of Disco ( 1998 ) and Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , she had starring roles in the war drama Pearl Harbor ( 2001 ) , the romantic comedy Serendipity , and Tiptoes ( 2003 ) . She followed those with appearances in The Aviator ( 2004 ) and Click ( 2006 ) . Since being cast as Selene in the Underworld film series ( 2003-2016 ) , Beckinsale has become known primarily for her work in action films , including Van Helsing ( 2004 ) , Whiteout ( 2009 ) , Contraband ( 2012 ) , and Total Recall ( 2012 ) . She also continues to make appearances in smaller dramatic projects such as Snow Angels ( 2007 ) , Nothing but the Truth ( 2008 ) , and Everybody 's Fine ( 2009 ) . In 2016 , she received critical acclaim for her performance in the period comedy film Love & Friendship ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Prepon", "summary": "Laura Helene Prepon ( born March 7 , 1980 ) is an American actress , director and author . She rose to fame with her role as Donna Pinciotti in the Fox sitcom That '70s Show ( 1998-2006 ) . She is also known for her portrayal of Alex Vause in the Netflix comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black ( 2013-2019 ) . Prepon made her film debut in 2001 with the independent drama Southlander . Her other films include the romantic drama Come Early Morning ( 2006 ) , the comedy Lay the Favorite ( 2012 ) , the thriller The Girl on the Train ( 2016 ) , and the drama The Hero ( 2017 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "January 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boomer Esiason", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boomer_Esiason", "summary": "Norman Julius Boomer Esiason ( /əˈsaɪ.əsən/ ; born April 17 , 1961 ) is an American retired football quarterback and currently a network color commentator . During his 14-year career in the National Football League ( NFL ) , he played for the Cincinnati Bengals , New York Jets , and Arizona Cardinals . Since retiring from playing , he has worked as a football analyst for ABC , HBO and Westwood One , and currently for CBS Sports on The NFL Today and Showtime 's Inside the NFL . He also hosts the morning sports radio program Boomer and Gio on WFAN in New York ." } ] }, { "value": "Jane Krakowski , Mike The Situation Sorrentino , Meal Makeover Week - Melina Jampolis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jane_Krakowski", "summary": "Jane Krakowski ( /krəˈkaʊski/ ; born Jane Krajkowski ; October 11 , 1968 ) [ citation needed ] is an American actress and singer . She is best known for the roles of Cousin Vicki in National Lampoon 's Vacation , and Jenna Maroney in the NBC comedy series 30 Rock , for which she received four Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series . Other notable television credits include Elaine Vassal on Ally McBeal and Jacqueline White in the Netflix comedy series Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt . Krakowski also regularly performs on stage , winning a Tony Award for her performance in the Broadway revival of Nine , as well as receiving Tony nominations for Grand Hotel and She Loves Me , and a Laurence Olivier Award for her performance as Miss Adelaide in the West End revival of Guys and Dolls ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mike_\"The_Situation\"_Sorrentino", "summary": "Michael Sorrentino ( born July 4 , 1982 ) , also known as The Situation , is an American television personality . He appeared on all six seasons of the MTV reality show Jersey Shore , from 2009 through 2012 . In September 2019 , Sorrentino completed an eight-month prison sentence related to his felony conviction for tax evasion , and then resumed his reality-TV role with MTV 's Jersey Shore . Although currently on probation , he is allowed to participate in Jersey Shore Family Vacation as a reality TV star representing himself . In his series , on social media and in the mainstream media , he often openly talks about his felony conviction ." } ] }, { "value": "January 12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jesse Palmer", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesse_Palmer", "summary": "Jesse James Palmer ( born October 5 , 1978 ) is a Canadian TV host , sports commentator , and former professional football player who was a quarterback in the National Football League ( NFL ) for five seasons in the early 2000s . Palmer played college football for the University of Florida , and thereafter , he played professionally for the New York Giants and San Francisco 49ers in the NFL before spending half of the 2006 season with the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League ( CFL ) . Palmer was cast in 2004 as the bachelor on the fifth season of the reality television series The Bachelor . He went on to become a college football analyst for ESPN/ABC in the United States , and has been a columnist for the website of The Sports Network in Canada . He is also a contributor to ABC 's Good Morning America . In 2018 , he hosted the kickoff season of The Proposal on ABC . For the past 3 seasons has hosted The Holiday Baking Championship on The Food Network ." } ] }, { "value": "Dolly Parton , Miranda Cosgrove , Meal Makeover Week - Wendy Bazilian , Lucy the World 's Smallest Working Dog , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Finalists", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dolly_Parton", "summary": "Dolly Rebecca Parton ( born January 19 , 1946 ) is an American singer , songwriter , multi-instrumentalist , record producer , actress , author , businesswoman , and humanitarian , known primarily for her work in country music . After achieving success as a songwriter for others , Parton made her album debut in 1967 with Hello , I 'm Dolly . With steady success during the remainder of the 1960s ( both as a solo artist and with a series of duet albums with Porter Wagoner ) , her sales and chart peak came during the 1970s and continued into the 1980s . Parton 's albums in the 1990s did not sell as well , but she achieved commercial success again in the new millennium and has released albums on various independent labels since 2000 , including her own label , Dolly Records . Parton 's music includes 25 Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) -certified gold , platinum and multi-platinum awards . She has had 25 songs reach No . 1 on the Billboard country music charts , a record for a female artist ( tied with Reba McEntire ) . She has 41 career top-10 country albums , a record for any artist , and she has 110 career charted singles over the past 40 years . She has garnered ten Grammy Awards , two Academy Award nominations , ten Country Music Association Awards , seven Academy of Country Music Awards , three American Music Awards , and is one of only seven female artists to win the Country Music Association 's Entertainer of the Year Award . Parton has received 47 Grammy nominations . In 1999 , Parton was inducted into the Country Music Hall of Fame . She has composed over 3,000 songs , including I Will Always Love You ( a two-time U.S. country chart-topper , as well as an international pop hit for Whitney Houston ) , Jolene , Coat of Many Colors , and 9 to 5 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Miranda_Cosgrove", "summary": "Miranda Taylor Cosgrove ( born May 14 , 1993 ) is an American actress and singer . Her career began at the age of seven with several television commercial appearances . Cosgrove 's film debut came in 2003 , when she appeared as Summer Hathaway in School of Rock . She appeared in a number of minor television roles over several years before coming to prominence as Megan Parker on the Nickelodeon television series Drake & Josh . In 2007 , she landed the role of Carly Shay , the lead character on the Nickelodeon teen sitcom iCarly , on which she starred until 2012 . As of May 2010 , Cosgrove earned $ 180,000 per episode of iCarly , making her the second-highest-paid child star on television , and in 2012 was listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest paid child actress . Cosgrove also voiced Margo in the animated film Despicable Me ( 2010 ) and its sequels . In 2016 , she starred as Shea Moore on the short-lived NBC sitcom Crowded . In music , Cosgrove debuted with iCarly ( 2008 ) , a soundtrack album for the series in which she performs four songs . In 2009 , she released her debut extended play , About You Now . Cosgrove 's debut studio album , Sparks Fly , was released in April 2010 , followed by her second extended play , High Maintenance , the following year . The EP 's lead single , Dancing Crazy , written by Avril Lavigne , debuted at number 40 on the US Billboard Adult Pop Songs and peaked at number 100 on the Billboard Hot 100 ." } ] }, { "value": "January 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Apolo Anton Ohno", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Apolo_Anton_Ohno", "summary": "Apolo Anton Ohno ( /əˈpɒloʊ ˈæntɒn ˈoʊnoʊ/ ; born May 22 , 1982 ) is an American retired short track speed skating competitor and an eight-time medalist ( two gold , two silver , four bronze ) in the Winter Olympics . Ohno is the most decorated American Olympian at the Winter Olympics and was inducted into the U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame in 2019 . Raised by his father , Ohno began training full-time in 1996 . He has been the face of short track in the United States since winning his medals at the 2002 Winter Olympics . At the age of 14 , he became the youngest U.S. national champion in 1997 and was the reigning champion from 2001-2009 , winning the title a total of 12 times . In December 1999 , he became the youngest skater to win a World Cup event title , and became the first American to win a World Cup overall title in 2001 , which he won again in 2003 and 2005 . He won his first overall World Championship title at the 2008 championships . Ohno 's accolades and accomplishments include being the United States Olympic Committee 's Male Athlete of the Month in October 2003 and March 2008 , the U.S. Speedskating 's Athlete of the Year for 2003 , and was a 2002 , 2003 and 2006 finalist for the Sullivan Award , which recognizes the best amateur athlete in the United States . Since gaining recognition through his sport , Ohno has worked as a motivational speaker , philanthropist , started a nutritional supplement business , and in 2007 , competed on and won the reality TV show Dancing with the Stars . Ohno later became host of a revival of Minute to Win It on Game Show Network and served as a commentator for NBC 's coverage of the 2014 Winter Games in Sochi and the 2018 Winter Games in Pyeongchang . Ohno has expressed his entrepreneurial appetite for technology and health and wellness industries ." } ] }, { "value": "Lana Parrilla , Common , Meal Makeover Week - Heidi Skolnik", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lana_Parrilla", "summary": "Lana Maria Parrilla ( born July 15 , 1977 ) is an American actress . Parrilla is known for her roles on television and radio . She was a regular cast member in the fifth season of the ABC sitcom Spin City from 2000 to 2001 . She later starred in Boomtown ( 2002-2003 ) , Windfall ( 2006 ) , Swingtown ( 2008 ) and as Dr. Eva Zambrano in the short-lived medical drama Miami Medical ( 2010 ) . She also played the role of Sarah Gavin during the fourth season of the Fox series 24 in 2005 . From 2011 until 2018 , Parrilla starred as The Evil Queen/Regina Mills in the ABC fantasy drama series , Once Upon a Time . In 2016 Parrilla won a Teen Choice Award for Choice Sci-Fi/Fantasy TV Actress ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Common_(rapper)", "summary": "Lonnie Corant Jaman Shuka Rashid Lynn ( born March 13 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Common ( formerly Common Sense ) , is an American rapper , actor , writer , philanthropist , and activist . Common debuted in 1992 with the album Can I Borrow a Dollar ? and maintained an underground following into the late 1990s , after which he gained mainstream success through his work with the Soulquarians . Common 's first major-label album Like Water for Chocolate ( 2000 ) received commercial success . In 2003 , he won the Grammy Award for Best R & B Song for the Erykah Badu single Love of My Life . His 2005 album Be was also a commercial success and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 2006 Grammy Awards . Common received his second Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for Southside ( featuring Kanye West ) , from his 2007 album Finding Forever . His best-of album , Thisisme Then : The Best of Common , was released in late 2007 . In 2011 , Common launched Think Common Entertainment , his own record label imprint . He had previously released music under various other labels including Relativity , Geffen , and GOOD Music . Common won the 2015 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song and the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for his song Glory from the 2014 film Selma , in which he co-starred as Civil Rights Movement leader James Bevel . Common 's acting career also includes roles in the films Smokin ' Aces , Street Kings , American Gangster , Wanted , Terminator Salvation , Date Night , Just Wright , Happy Feet Two , New Year 's Eve , Run All Night , Being Charlie , Rex , John Wick : Chapter 2 and Smallfoot ." } ] }, { "value": "January 16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seth Meyers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seth_Meyers", "summary": "Seth Adam Meyers ( born December 28 , 1973 ) is an American comedian , writer , producer , actor , and television host . He hosts Late Night with Seth Meyers , a late-night talk show that airs on NBC . Prior to that , he was a cast member and head writer for NBC 's Saturday Night Live ( 2001-2014 ) and hosted the show 's news parody segment , Weekend Update ." } ] }, { "value": "Simon Baker , Kevin Hart , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Week", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Simon_Baker", "summary": "Simon Lucas Baker ( born 30 July 1969 ) is an Australian actor in television and film , and director . He is known for his lead roles in the CBS television series The Mentalist ( as Patrick Jane ) and The Guardian ( as Nicholas Fallin ) and starred in several Hollywood films ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Hart_(actor)", "summary": "Kevin Darnell Hart ( born July 6 , 1979 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , and producer . Born and raised in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , Hart began his career by winning several amateur comedy competitions at clubs throughout New England , culminating in his first real break in 2001 when he was cast by Judd Apatow for a recurring role on the TV series Undeclared . The series lasted only one season , but he soon landed other roles in films such as Paper Soldiers ( 2002 ) , Scary Movie 3 ( 2003 ) , Soul Plane ( 2004 ) , In the Mix ( 2005 ) , and Little Fockers ( 2010 ) . Hart 's comedic reputation continued to grow with the release of his first stand-up album , I 'm a Grown Little Man ( 2008 ) , and performances in the films Think Like a Man ( 2012 ) , Grudge Match ( 2013 ) , Ride Along ( 2014 ) and its sequel Ride Along 2 ( 2016 ) , About Last Night ( 2014 ) , Get Hard ( 2015 ) , Central Intelligence ( 2016 ) , The Secret Life of Pets ( 2016 ) , Captain Underpants : The First Epic Movie ( 2017 ) , Jumanji : Welcome to the Jungle ( 2017 ) , and Night School ( 2018 ) . He also released four more comedy albums , Seriously Funny in 2010 , Laugh at My Pain in 2011 , Let Me Explain in 2013 , and What Now ? in 2016 . In 2015 , Time Magazine named Hart one of the 100 most influential people in the world on the annual Time 100 list . He starred as himself in the lead role of Real Husbands of Hollywood ." } ] }, { "value": "January 17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seth Meyers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seth_Meyers", "summary": "Seth Adam Meyers ( born December 28 , 1973 ) is an American comedian , writer , producer , actor , and television host . He hosts Late Night with Seth Meyers , a late-night talk show that airs on NBC . Prior to that , he was a cast member and head writer for NBC 's Saturday Night Live ( 2001-2014 ) and hosted the show 's news parody segment , Weekend Update ." } ] }, { "value": "Jessica Alba , Matt Bomer , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Week", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jessica_Alba", "summary": "Jessica Marie Alba ( /ˈælbə/ ; born April 28 , 1981 ) is an American actress and businesswoman . She began her television and movie appearances at age 13 in Camp Nowhere and The Secret World of Alex Mack ( 1994 ) , but rose to prominence at 19 , as the lead actress of the television series Dark Angel ( 2000-2002 ) , for which she received a Golden Globe nomination . Her big screen breakthrough came in Honey ( 2003 ) . She soon established herself as a Hollywood actress , and has starred in numerous box office hits throughout her career , including Fantastic Four ( 2005 ) , Fantastic Four : Rise of the Silver Surfer ( 2007 ) , Good Luck Chuck ( 2007 ) , The Eye ( 2008 ) , Valentine 's Day ( 2010 ) , Little Fockers ( 2010 ) , and Mechanic : Resurrection ( 2016 ) . She is a frequent collaborator of director Robert Rodriguez , having starred in Sin City ( 2005 ) , Machete ( 2010 ) , Spy Kids : All the Time in the World ( 2011 ) , Machete Kills ( 2013 ) , and Sin City : A Dame to Kill For ( 2014 ) . Since 2019 , Alba stars in the Spectrum action crime series L.A. 's Finest . Alba co-founded The Honest Company , a consumer goods company that sells baby , personal and household products . Magazines including Men 's Health , Vanity Fair and FHM have included her on their lists of the world 's most beautiful women ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Matt_Bomer", "summary": "Matthew Staton Bomer ( born October 11 , 1977 ) is an American actor , producer , director and singer . He is the recipient of such accolades as a Golden Globe Award and has been nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award and two Screen Actors Guild Awards . In 2000 , he made his television debut in the 1970s soap opera All My Children . Bomer graduated from Carnegie Mellon University with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 2001 , soon after , he was a recurring guest on several television shows including Tru Calling . In 2005 Bomer made his film debut in the mystery-thriller Flightplan , then in 2007 gained recognition with his recurring role in the NBC television series Chuck . 2009 saw Bomer land then the lead role of con-artist and thief Neal Caffrey in the USA Network series White Collar with the series lasting to 2014 . Bomer has featured in supporting roles in the 2011 science fiction thriller In Time , the 2012 comedy-drama Magic Mike and its 2015 sequel , the 2014 supernatural-drama Winter 's Tale , and the 2016 neo-noir film The Nice Guys . In 2015 , he won a Golden Globe Award and received a nomination for the Primetime Emmy Award for playing a closeted writer of The New York Times in the drama television film The Normal Heart about the rise of the HIV-AIDS crisis in New York City . Bomer made a guest appearance on the fourth season of FX 's horror anthology series American Horror Story . He was later upgraded to the main cast during the fifth season . In 2017 he received praise for his performances in the drama films Walking Out , Anything , and the 2018 comedy-drama Papi Chulo . On stage , Bomer has starred in the Dustin Lance Black play 8 on Broadway , and at the Wilshire Ebell Theatre in Los Angeles as Jeff Zarrillo , a plaintiff in the federal case that overturned California 's Proposition 8 ." } ] }, { "value": "January 18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mario Lopez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mario_Lopez", "summary": "Mario Lopez Jr. ( born October 10 , 1973 ) is an American actor and entertainment journalist . He has appeared on several television series , in films , and on Broadway . He is known for his portrayal of A.C. Slater on Saved by the Bell and Saved by the Bell : The College Years . He has appeared in numerous projects since , including the third season of Dancing with the Stars and as host for the syndicated entertainment news magazine show Extra . He has also hosted America 's Best Dance Crew for MTV . In 2012 , he co-hosted the second season of American version of The X Factor with Khloé Kardashian , and was the sole host for the third and final season ." } ] }, { "value": "Marg Helgenberger , Mark Feuerstein , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Week", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marg_Helgenberger", "summary": "Mary Marg Helgenberger ( born November 16 , 1958 ) is an American actress . She began her career in the early 1980s and first came to attention for playing the role of Siobhan Ryan on the daytime soap opera Ryan 's Hope from 1982 to 1986 . She is best known for her roles as Catherine Willows in the CBS police procedural drama CSI : Crime Scene Investigation ( 2000-12 , 2013 , 2015 ) and the subsequent TV movie Immortality ( 2015 ) and as K.C . Koloski in the ABC drama China Beach ( 1988-91 ) , which earned her the 1990 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series . She is also known for roles in the TV series Under the Dome and Intelligence , and the films Species ( 1995 ) , Species II ( 1998 ) , Erin Brockovich ( 2000 ) , and Mr. Brooks ( 2007 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Feuerstein", "summary": "Mark Feuerstein ( /ˈfɔɪ.ərstiːn/ ; born June 8 , 1971 ) is an American actor . He first came to public notice in a guest appearance in an episode of Season 2 of Sex and the City and went on to appear in TV series The West Wing ( 2001-2005 ) , Royal Pains ( 2009-2016 ) and Prison Break ( 2017 ) . He co-wrote , co-produced as well as starred in the short-lived CBS sitcom 9JKL ." } ] }, { "value": "January 19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dana Carvey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dana_Carvey", "summary": "Dana Thomas Carvey ( born June 2 , 1955 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , screenwriter and producer . He was a cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live ( from 1986 to 1993 ) , which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award from five consecutive nominations . Carvey is also known for his roles in the films Tough Guys ( 1986 ) , Wayne 's World ( 1992 ) and its sequel Wayne 's World 2 ( 1993 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Ewan McGregor , Elizabeth Banks , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Week", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ewan_McGregor", "summary": "Ewan Gordon McGregor OBE ( born 31 March 1971 ) is a Scottish actor known internationally for his various film roles , including independent dramas , science-fiction epics , and musicals . McGregor 's first professional role was in 1993 , when he won a leading role in the British Channel 4 series Lipstick on Your Collar . Some of his best known roles include heroin addict Mark Renton in the drama films Trainspotting ( 1996 ) and T2 Trainspotting ( 2017 ) , Obi-Wan Kenobi in the Star Wars prequel trilogy ( 1999-2005 ) , poet Christian in the musical film Moulin Rouge ! ( 2001 ) , young Edward Bloom in Big Fish ( 2003 ) , Rodney Copperbottom in Robots ( 2005 ) , Camerlengo Father Patrick McKenna in Angels and Demons ( 2009 ) , the ghost in Roman Polanski 's political thriller The Ghost Writer ( 2010 ) , Dr. Alfred Jones in the romantic comedy-drama Salmon Fishing in the Yemen ( 2011 ) , Lumière in the live-action adaptation of the musical romantic fantasy Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) , the adult version of the titular character in the fantasy comedy-drama Christopher Robin ( 2018 ) and the adult version of Dan Torrance in the horror film Doctor Sleep ( 2019 ) . He appeared as DC Comics villain Black Mask in the superhero film Birds of Prey ( 2020 ) . In 2018 , McGregor won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film for his performance as brothers in the third season of FX anthology series Fargo , and received Golden Globe nominations for Best Actor - Musical or Comedy for both Moulin Rouge ! and Salmon Fishing in the Yemen . McGregor has also starred in theatre productions of Guys and Dolls ( 2005-07 ) and Othello ( 2007-08 ) . He was ranked number 36 on Empire magazine 's The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time list in 1997 . In a 2004 poll for the BBC , McGregor was named the fourth most influential person in British culture . McGregor has been involved in charity work and has served as an ambassador for UNICEF UK since 2004 . In 2013 , he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire ( OBE ) for services to drama and charity ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Elizabeth_Banks", "summary": "Elizabeth Banks ( born Elizabeth Irene Mitchell ; February 10 , 1974 ) is an American actress , director , writer , and producer . She is best known for starring as Effie Trinket in The Hunger Games film series ( 2012-2015 ) and as Gail Abernathy-McKadden in the Pitch Perfect film series ( 2012-2017 ) . Banks made her directorial film debut with Pitch Perfect 2 ( 2015 ) , whose $ 69 million opening-weekend gross set a record for a first-time director . She also directed , wrote , produced , and starred in the action comedy film Charlie 's Angels ( 2019 ) . Banks made her film debut in the low-budget independent film Surrender Dorothy ( 1998 ) . She starred in the films Wet Hot American Summer ( 2001 ) , Sam Raimi 's Spider-Man trilogy ( 2002-2007 ) , Seabiscuit ( 2003 ) , The 40-Year-Old Virgin ( 2005 ) , Slither ( 2006 ) , Zack and Miri Make a Porno ( 2008 ) , Role Models ( 2008 ) , The Next Three Days ( 2010 ) , Man on a Ledge ( 2012 ) , What to Expect When You 're Expecting ( 2012 ) , The Lego Movie ( 2014 ) , Love & Mercy ( 2014 ) , Magic Mike XXL ( 2015 ) , Power Rangers ( 2017 ) , The Lego Movie 2 : The Second Part ( 2019 ) , and Brightburn ( 2019 ) . On television , Banks had a recurring role as Avery Jessup on the NBC sitcom 30 Rock , which earned her two Primetime Emmy Award nominations . She also had recurring roles on the comedy series Scrubs and Modern Family , the latter of which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination . Banks starred in the Netflix miniseries Wet Hot American Summer : First Day of Camp ( 2015 ) and Wet Hot American Summer : Ten Years Later ( 2017 ) . As of 2019 , she hosts a revival of the 1980s game show Press Your Luck on ABC ." } ] }, { "value": "January 20", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dana Carvey", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dana_Carvey", "summary": "Dana Thomas Carvey ( born June 2 , 1955 ) is an American stand-up comedian , actor , screenwriter and producer . He was a cast member on the sketch comedy show Saturday Night Live ( from 1986 to 1993 ) , which earned him a Primetime Emmy Award from five consecutive nominations . Carvey is also known for his roles in the films Tough Guys ( 1986 ) , Wayne 's World ( 1992 ) and its sequel Wayne 's World 2 ( 1993 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Carla Gugino , Building a Better Toolbox , LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Giveaway Week", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carla_Gugino", "summary": "Carla Gugino ( /ɡʊˈdʒiːnoʊ/ ; born August 29 , 1971 ) is an American actress . She is best known for her roles as Ingrid Cortez in the Spy Kids trilogy ( 2001-2003 ) , Laurie in American Gangster ( 2007 ) , Sally Jupiter in Watchmen ( 2009 ) , Dr. Vera Gorski in Sucker Punch ( 2011 ) , and as a lead character in each of the television series Karen Sisco , Threshold , The Haunting of Hill House , and Jett ." } ] }, { "value": "January 23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kim Kardashian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kim_Kardashian", "summary": "Kimberly Kardashian West ( née Kimberly Noel Kardashian ; born October 21 , 1980 ) is an American media personality , model , businesswoman , socialite and actress . Kardashian first gained media attention as a friend and stylist of Paris Hilton but received wider notice after a 2002 sex tape , Kim Kardashian , Superstar , with her then-boyfriend Ray J was released in 2007 . Later that year , she and her family began to appear in the E ! reality television series Keeping Up with the Kardashians ( 2007-present ) . Its success soon led to the creation of spin-offs including Kourtney and Kim Take New York ( 2011-2012 ) and Kourtney and Kim Take Miami ( 2009-2013 ) . Kardashian has developed an online and social media presence , including hundreds of millions of followers on Twitter and Instagram . She has released a variety of products tied to her name , including the 2014 mobile game Kim Kardashian : Hollywood , a variety of clothing and products , the 2015 photo book Selfish and her eponymous personal app . Her relationship with rapper Kanye West has also received significant media coverage ; the couple married in 2014 , and they have four children together . As an actress , Kardashian has appeared in films such as Disaster Movie ( 2008 ) , Deep in the Valley ( 2009 ) and Temptation : Confessions of a Marriage Counselor ( 2013 ) . In recent years , Kardashian has focused on her own businesses by founding KKW Beauty and KKW fragrance in 2017 . In 2019 she launched Skims which was previously called Kimono but the name was changed due to immediate backlash . She has also become more politically active by lobbying president Donald Trump for prison reform and lobbying for Alice Marie Johnson to be granted clemency ." } ] }, { "value": "Lucy Lawless , Kevin McHale , Peter Gros ' Animals , Announcement of LIVE 's Hawaiian Dream Wedding Winners", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lucy_Lawless", "summary": "Lucille Frances Lawless , MNZM ( née Ryan ; born 29 March 1968 ) , is a New Zealand actress and singer . She portrayed the title character in television series Xena : Warrior Princess ( 1995-2001 ) ; cylon model Number Three D'Anna Biers on the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica series ( 2005-2009 ) ; and Lucretia in the television series Spartacus : Blood and Sand ( 2010 ) , its prequel Spartacus : Gods of the Arena ( 2011 ) , and its sequel Spartacus : Vengeance ( 2012 ) . Lawless had recurring roles as Diane Lewis-Swanson on the NBC sitcom Parks and Recreation ( 2012-2015 ) , and as Countess Palatine Ingrid Von Marburg on the WGN America supernatural series Salem ( 2015 ) . She also starred as Ruby on the Starz horror-comedy series Ash vs Evil Dead ( 2015-2018 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_McHale_(basketball)", "summary": "Kevin Edward McHale ( born December 19 , 1957 ) is an American retired basketball player who played his entire professional career for the Boston Celtics . He is a Basketball Hall of Fame inductee , and is regarded as one of the best power forwards of all time . He was named to the NBA 's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team . McHale began working for the Minnesota Timberwolves immediately following his retirement in 1993 ( until 2009 ) , at different times , as a TV analyst , general manager , and finally head coach . He was the head coach of the Houston Rockets from 2011-15 , until being fired following a 4-7 start to the 2015-16 season . McHale currently works as an on-air analyst for NBA TV and Turner Sports 's popular NBA on TNT studio show ." } ] }, { "value": "January 24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mary J. Blige", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mary_J._Blige", "summary": "Mary Jane Blige ( /blaɪʒ/ ; born January 11 , 1971 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actress , and philanthropist . Her career began in 1991 when she signed to Uptown Records . Furthermore , she went on to release 13 studio albums , eight of which have achieved multi-platinum worldwide sales . Blige has won nine Grammy Awards , four American Music Awards , twelve Billboard Music Awards and has also received three Golden Globe Award nominations , including one for her supporting role in the film Mudbound ( 2017 ) and another for its second original song Mighty River for Mudbound ; she also received a nomination for the Academy Awards for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song , becoming the first person nominated for acting and songwriting in the same year . In 1992 , Blige released her first album , What 's the 411 ? . Her 1994 album My Life is among Rolling Stone 's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time , and Time magazine 's All-Time 100 Albums . She received a Legends Award at the World Music Awards in 2006 , and the Voice of Music Award from ASCAP in 2007.Billboard ranked Blige as the most successful female R & B/Hip-Hop artist of the past 25 years . In 2017 , Billboard magazine named her 2006 song Be Without You as the most successful R & B/Hip-Hop song of all time , as it spent an unparalleled 15 weeks atop the Hot R & B/Hip-Hop Songs chart and over 75 weeks on the chart . In 2011 , VH1 ranked Blige as the 80th greatest artist of all time . ln 2012 , VH1 ranked Blige at number 9 in The 100 Greatest Women in Music list ." } ] }, { "value": "Cynthia Nixon , Chris Harrison", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cynthia_Nixon", "summary": "Cynthia Ellen Nixon ( born April 9 , 1966 ) is an American actress and activist . For her portrayal of Miranda Hobbes in the HBO series Sex and the City ( 1998-2004 ) , she won the 2004 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series . She reprised the role in the films Sex and the City ( 2008 ) and Sex and the City 2 ( 2010 ) . Her other film credits include Amadeus ( 1984 ) , James White ( 2015 ) , and playing Emily Dickinson in A Quiet Passion ( 2016 ) . Nixon made her Broadway debut in the 1980 revival of The Philadelphia Story . Her other Broadway credits include The Real Thing ( 1983 ) , Hurlyburly ( 1983 ) , Indiscretions ( 1995 ) , The Women ( 2001 ) , and Wit ( 2012 ) . She won the 2006 Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play for Rabbit Hole , the 2008 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series for Law & Order : Special Victims Unit , the 2009 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for An Inconvenient Truth , and the 2017 Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Play for The Little Foxes . Her other television roles include playing political figures Eleanor Roosevelt in Warm Springs ( 2005 ) , Michele Davis in Too Big to Fail ( 2011 ) , and playing Nancy Reagan in the 2016 television film Killing Reagan . On March 19 , 2018 , Nixon announced her campaign for Governor of New York as a challenger to Democratic incumbent Andrew Cuomo . Her platform focused on income inequality , renewable energy , establishing universal health care , stopping mass incarceration in the United States , and protecting undocumented children from deportation . She lost in the Democratic primary to Cuomo on September 13 , 2018 , with 34% of the vote to his 66% . Nixon was nominated as the gubernatorial candidate for the Working Families Party ; the Party threw its support to Cuomo after Nixon lost in the Democratic primary ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Harrison", "summary": "Christopher Bryan Harrison ( born July 26 , 1971 ) is an American television and game show host , best known for his role as host of the ABC reality television dating show The Bachelor since 2002 , and its spin-offs The Bachelorette since 2003 , Bachelor Pad from 2010 to 2012 , Bachelor in Paradise since 2014 , the first season of Bachelor in Paradise : After Paradise in 2015 , Bachelor Live in 2016 , and The Bachelor Winter Games in 2018 . He also served as the host of the syndicated version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire from his 2015 hosting role through the 2019 cancellation ." } ] }, { "value": "January 25", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kristin Chenoweth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth", "summary": "Kristin Dawn Chenoweth ( /ˈtʃɛnoʊwɛθ/ ; born Kristi Dawn Chenoweth , July 24 , 1968 ) is an American actress and singer , with credits in musical theatre , film and television . In 1999 , she won a Tony Award for her performance as Sally Brown in You 're a Good Man , Charlie Brown on Broadway . In 2003 , Chenoweth received wide notice for originating the role of Glinda in the musical Wicked , including a nomination for another Tony . Her television roles have included Annabeth Schott in NBC 's The West Wing and Olive Snook on the ABC comedy-drama Pushing Daisies , for which she won a 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series . She also starred in the ABC TV series GCB in 2012 . Chenoweth sang gospel music as a child in Oklahoma and studied opera before deciding to pursue a career in musical theatre . In 1997 , she made her Broadway debut in Steel Pier , winning a Theatre World Award , before appearing in You 're a Good Man , Charlie Brown and Wicked . Her other Broadway roles were in The Apple Tree in 2006 , Promises , Promises in 2010 and On the Twentieth Century in 2015 , for which she received another Tony Award nomination . She has also appeared in five City Center Encores ! , Off-Broadway and regional theatre productions . Chenoweth had her own sitcom , Kristin , in 2001 , and has guest-starred on many shows , including Sesame Street and Glee , for which she was nominated for Emmy Awards in 2010 and 2011 . In films , she has played mostly character roles , such as in Bewitched ( 2005 ) , The Pink Panther ( 2006 ) and RV ( 2006 ) . She has played roles in made-for-TV movies , such as Descendants ( 2015 ) ; done voice work in animated films such as Rio 2 ( 2014 ) and The Peanuts Movie ( 2015 ) along with the animated TV series Sit Down , Shut Up ; hosted several award shows ; and released several albums of songs , including A Lovely Way to Spend Christmas ( 2008 ) , Some Lessons Learned ( 2011 ) , Coming Home ( 2014 ) , The Art of Elegance ( 2016 ) and For the Girls ( 2019 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Alan Cumming , Emmy Rossum , Ingrid Michaelson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Alan_Cumming", "summary": "Alan Cumming OBE ( born 27 January 1965 ) [ citation needed ] is a Scottish-American actor , comedian , singer , writer , producer , director , and activist who has appeared in numerous films , television shows , and plays . His London stage appearances include Hamlet , the Maniac in Accidental Death of an Anarchist ( for which he received an Olivier Award ) , the lead in Bent , and The National Theatre of Scotland 's The Bacchae . On Broadway , he has appeared in The Threepenny Opera , as the master of ceremonies in Cabaret ( for which he won a Tony Award ) , Design for Living and a one-man adaptation of Macbeth . His best-known film roles include his performances in Emma , GoldenEye , the Spy Kids trilogy , Son of the Mask , and X2 . Cumming also introduces Masterpiece Mystery ! for PBS and appeared on The Good Wife , for which he has been nominated for three Primetime Emmy Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , two Golden Globe Awards and a Satellite Award . A filming of his Las Vegas cabaret show , Alan Cumming Sings Sappy Songs , aired on PBS stations in November 2016 . Starting in March 2018 , Cumming was starring in the CBS TV series Instinct ( stylized as INSTIИCT ) with Bojana Novakovic , which was cancelled in August 2019 . Cumming has written a novel , Tommy 's Tale , and an autobiography , Not My Father 's Son : A Memoir , had a cable talk show called Eavesdropping with Alan Cumming , and produced a line of perfumed products labelled Cumming . He has also contributed opinion pieces to many publications and performed cabaret shows , I Bought a Blue Car Today and Alan Cumming Sings Sappy Songs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Emmy_Rossum", "summary": "Emmanuelle Grey Rossum ( born September 12 , 1986 ) is an American actress , television director , and singer-songwriter . She is known for her portrayal of Fiona Gallagher in the television series Shameless . Her role in Mystic River ( 2003 ) initially brought her recognition . She starred in the science-fiction film The Day After Tomorrow ( 2004 ) and received critical acclaim for her performance in the leading role of Christine Daaé in the film adaptation of The Phantom of the Opera ( 2004 ) . In 2007 , Rossum released her debut album , Inside Out . She also released a Christmas EP the same year , titled Carol of the Bells . In 2013 , she released a follow-up album called Sentimental Journey ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ingrid_Michaelson", "summary": "Ingrid Ellen Michaelson is an American singer-songwriter and actress . Her first album , Slow the Rain , was released in 2005 , and she has since released eight more albums : Girls and Boys , Be OK , Everybody , Human Again , Lights Out , It Does n't Have to Make Sense , Songs for the Season , and her most recent , Stranger Songs . Her two highest-charting singles are The Way I Am ( 2007 ) and Girls Chase Boys ( 2014 ) , at No . 37 and No . 52 on the Billboard Hot 100 , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "January 26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cat Deeley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cat_Deeley", "summary": "Catherine Elizabeth Cat Deeley ( born 23 October 1976 ) is an English television presenter , model , actress , journalist , television producer , dancer , singer and media personality based in the UK and the United States . From 1998 to 2002 , she hosted the children 's programme SMTV Live and its spin-off chart show CD : UK . In 2001 , she won a BAFTA Children 's Award for hosting SMTV Live . She has also hosted Fame Academy on the BBC , and the 2004 Brit Awards . Deeley became the presenter of Stars In Their Eyes from 2003 to 2006 , taking over from Matthew Kelly . Since 2006 , Deeley has been the host of So You Think You Can Dance in the United States , for which she has been nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy . Since 2003 , Deeley has been a patron of London 's Great Ormond Street Hospital for sick children . In December 2009 , she was made a UNICEF UK ambassador . She is married to Northern Irish comedian and television personality Patrick Kielty ." } ] }, { "value": "Nick Jonas , Rachael Ray", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nick_Jonas", "summary": "Nicholas Jerry Jonas ( born September 16 , 1992 ) is an American singer , songwriter and actor . Jonas began acting in theater at the age of seven , and released his debut single in 2002 which caught the attention of Columbia Records where Jonas formed a band with his older brothers , Joe and Kevin , known as the Jonas Brothers . The group released their debut studio album It 's About Time through the Columbia label in 2006 . After leaving Columbia Records and signing with Hollywood Records , the group released their self-titled second studio album in 2007 , which became their breakthrough record . The band became prominent figures on the Disney Channel during this time , gaining a large following through the network and they appeared in the widely successful musical television film Camp Rock ( 2008 ) and its sequel Camp Rock 2 : The Final Jam ( 2010 ) as well as two of their own series , Jonas Brothers : Living the Dream ( 2008-2010 ) and Jonas ( 2009-2010 ) . The band 's third studio album , A Little Bit Longer ( 2008 ) , saw continued commercial success for the group ; the album 's lead single Burnin ' Up hit the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . Following the release of their fourth studio album , Lines , Vines and Trying Times ( 2009 ) , the Jonas Brothers confirmed a hiatus . Nick formed a new band known as Nick Jonas & the Administration , who released the album Who I Am in 2010 . Afterward , Jonas shifted his focus to acting and had a recurring role on the television series Smash . After the group 's official disbandment in 2013 , Jonas began work on his second solo studio album , signing with Island Records and releasing Nick Jonas through the label in 2014 , which saw the commercial success of the single Jealous . Jonas later co-founded Safehouse Records , a record label in conjunction with the Island and Hollywood labels . His third studio album Last Year Was Complicated ( 2016 ) peaked at number two on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Rachael_Ray", "summary": "Rachael Domenica Ray ( born August 25 , 1968 ) is an American television personality , businesswoman , celebrity cook and author . She hosts the syndicated daily talk and lifestyle program Rachael Ray , and the Food Network series 30 Minute Meals . Other programs to her credit include Rachael Ray 's Tasty Travels , $ 40 a Day , Rachael Ray 's Week In A Day and the reality format shows Rachael vs . Guy : Celebrity Cook-Off , and Rachael Ray 's Kids Cook-Off . Ray has written several cookbooks based on the 30 Minute Meals concept , and launched a magazine Every Day with Rachael Ray , in 2006 . Ray 's television shows have won three Daytime Emmy Awards ." } ] }, { "value": "January 27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Carrie Ann Inaba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Carrie_Ann_Inaba", "summary": "Carrie Ann Inaba ( born January 5 , 1968 ) is an American television personality , dancer , choreographer , actress , and singer . She is best known for her work on ABC TV 's Dancing with the Stars , as Fook Yu in Austin Powers in Goldmember . She is a current co-host and moderator of the CBS Daytime talk show , The Talk . She started her career as a singer in Japan , but became best known for her dancing , first introducing herself to American audiences as one of the original Fly Girls on the Fox sketch comedy series In Living Color from 1990 to 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "Chelsea Handler , Winter Health Tips for Dogs , Check-In with Las Vegas GNO", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chelsea_Handler", "summary": "Chelsea Joy Handler ( born February 25 , 1975 ) is an American comedian , actress , writer , television host , producer , and activist . She hosted the late-night talk show Chelsea Lately on the E ! network from 2007 to 2014 , and released a documentary series , Chelsea Does , on Netflix in January 2016 . Between 2016 and 2017 , Handler hosted the talk show , Chelsea , on Netflix . In 2012 , Time named Handler one of the 100 most influential people in the world on its annual Time 100 list ." } ] } ], "section_title": "LIVE ! with Kelly ( 2011-2012 ) -- January 2012", "section_text": "", "uid": "Live!_with_Regis_and_Kelly_(Season_24)_5", "intro": "This is a list of Live! with Regis and Kelly and Live! with Kelly episodes which were broadcast during the show's 24th season. The list is ordered by air date. Although the co-hosts may have read a couple of emails during the broadcast, it does not necessarily count as an Inbox segment." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fictional_big_cats_in_animation", "title": "List of fictional big cats in animation", "header": [ "Name", "Work", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Ethelbert", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ethelbert the Tiger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dlip and his tiger cub are forest tales", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Captain Yellow", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dragon Ball", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dragon_Ball", "summary": "Dragon Ball ( Japanese : ドラゴンボール , Hepburn : Doragon Bōru ) is a Japanese media franchise created by Akira Toriyama in 1984 . The initial manga , written and illustrated by Toriyama , was serialized in Weekly Shōnen Jump from 1984 to 1995 , with the 519 individual chapters collected into 42 tankōbon volumes by its publisher Shueisha . Dragon Ball was initially inspired by the classical Chinese novel Journey to the West , as well as Hong Kong martial arts films . The series follows the adventures of the protagonist , Son Goku , from his childhood through adulthood as he trains in martial arts . He spends his childhood far from civilization until he meets a teen girl named Bulma , who encourages him to join her quest in exploring the world in search of the seven orbs known as the Dragon Balls , which summon a wish-granting dragon when gathered . Along his journey , Goku makes several other friends , becomes a family man , discovers his alien heritage , and battles a wide variety of villains , many of whom also seek the Dragon Balls . Toriyama 's manga was adapted and divided into two anime series produced by Toei Animation : Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z , which together were broadcast in Japan from 1986 to 1996 . Additionally , the studio has developed 20 animated feature films and three television specials , as well as two anime sequel series titled Dragon Ball GT ( 1996-1997 ) and Dragon Ball Super ( 2015-2018 ) . From 2009 to 2015 , a revised version of Dragon Ball Z aired in Japan under the title Dragon Ball Kai , as a recut that follows the manga 's story more faithfully by removing most of the material featured exclusively in the anime . Several companies have developed various types of merchandising based on the series leading to a large media franchise that includes films , both animated and live-action , collectible trading card games , numerous action figures , along with several collections of soundtracks and numerous video games . Dragon Ball is one of the top twenty highest-grossing media franchises of all time , having generated more than $ 20 billion in total franchise revenue as of 2018 . Since its release , Dragon Ball has become one of the most successful manga and anime series of all time , with the manga sold in over 40 countries and the anime broadcast in more than 80 countries ." } ] }, { "value": "Tiger pilot are songoku", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Geobaldi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Outlanders", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Outlanders", "summary": "Outlanders is a long-running series of science-fiction novels created by Mark Ellis and published by Gold Eagle , an imprint of Harlequin Enterprises ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nahal", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shimmer and Shine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shimmer_and_Shine", "summary": "Shimmer and Shine is an American animated television series , created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz . It airs on Nick Jr. in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada . The series is based on an unreleased pilot from 2013 , and premiered on Nickelodeon on August 24 , 2015 . It was renewed for a fourth season of 20 episodes on October 20 , 2018 . Since March 18 , 2018 , new episodes moved to the Nick Jr. channel ." } ] }, { "value": "Shines pet tiger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rajah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajah", "summary": "Raja ( /ˈrɑːdʒɑː/ ; also spelled Rajah , from Sanskrit राजन् rājan- ) , is a title for a monarch equivalent to king or princely ruler in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia . The title has a long history in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia , being attested from the Rigveda , where a rājan- is a ruler , see for example the daśarājñá yuddhá , the Battle of Ten Kings ." } ] }, { "value": "Aladdin , Aladdin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aladdin_(1992_Disney_film)", "summary": "Aladdin is a 1992 American animated musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The film is the 31st Disney animated feature film , and was the fourth produced during the Disney film era known as the Disney Renaissance . It was produced and directed by Ron Clements and John Musker , and is based on the Arabic folktale of the same name from the One Thousand and One Nights . The voice cast features Scott Weinger , Robin Williams , Linda Larkin , Jonathan Freeman , Frank Welker , Gilbert Gottfried and Douglas Seale . The film follows Aladdin , an Arabian street urchin , who finds a magic lamp containing a genie . In order to hide the lamp from the Grand vizier , he disguises himself as a wealthy prince , and tries to impress the Sultan and his daughter . Lyricist Howard Ashman first pitched the idea , and the screenplay went through three drafts before then-Disney Studios president Jeffrey Katzenberg agreed to its production . The animators based their designs on the work of caricaturist Al Hirschfeld , and computers were used for both finishing the artwork and creating some animated elements . The musical score was written by Alan Menken and features six songs with lyrics written by both Ashman and Tim Rice , who took over after Ashman 's death . Aladdin was released on November 25 , 1992 , to critical and commercial success , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1992 with an earn of over $ 504 million in worldwide box office revenue . Upon release , it became the first animated feature to reach the half-billion dollar mark , and was the highest-grossing animated film of all time until it was surpassed by The Lion King . Aladdin garnered two Academy Awards , as well as other accolades for its soundtrack which had the first and only number from a Disney feature to earn a Grammy Award for Song of the Year for the film 's theme song ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Aladdin_(2019_film)", "summary": "Aladdin is a 2019 American musical fantasy film produced by Walt Disney Pictures . Directed by Guy Ritchie , who co-wrote the screenplay with John August , it is a live-action adaptation of Disney 's 1992 animated film of the same name , which itself is based on the eponymous tale from One Thousand and One Nights . [ a ] The film stars Will Smith , Mena Massoud , Naomi Scott , Marwan Kenzari , Navid Negahban , Nasim Pedrad , Billy Magnussen , and Numan Acar , as well as the voices of Alan Tudyk and Frank Welker . The plot follows Aladdin , a street urchin , as he falls in love with Princess Jasmine , befriends a wish-granting Genie , and battles the wicked Jafar . In October 2016 , Disney announced Ritchie would direct a live-action Aladdin remake . Smith was the first member of the cast to join , signing on to portray Genie in July 2017 , and Massoud and Scott were confirmed for the two lead roles later that month . Principal photography began that September at Longcross Studios in Surrey , England , also filming in the Wadi Rum Desert in Jordan , and lasted until January 2018 . Additional filming and pick-ups took place in August 2018 . Aladdin was theatrically released in the United States on May 24 , 2019 . It grossed $ 1 billion worldwide , becoming the ninth-highest-grossing film of 2019 , and the 34th highest-grossing film of all-time during its theatrical run . The film received mixed reviews from critics ; while the musical score , costumes and performances of Smith , Massoud and Scott were praised , criticisms were aimed at Ritchie 's direction , the CGI effects , the deviations from the original film and Kenzari 's performance as Jafar . A sequel is in development ." } ] }, { "value": "Princess Jasmine 's tiger -like palace friend and pet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tiger", "summary": "The tiger ( Panthera tigris ) is the largest species among the Felidae and classified in the genus Panthera . It is most recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orangish-brown fur with a lighter underside . It is an apex predator , primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and wild boar . It is territorial and generally a solitary but social predator , requiring large contiguous areas of habitat , which support its requirements for prey and rearing of its offspring . Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years , before they become independent and leave their mother 's home range to establish their own . The tiger once ranged widely from the Eastern Anatolia Region in the west to the Amur River basin , and in the south from the foothills of the Himalayas to Bali in the Sunda islands . Since the early 20th century , tiger populations have lost at least 93% of their historic range and have been extirpated in Western and Central Asia , from the islands of Java and Bali , and in large areas of Southeast and South Asia and China . Today 's tiger range is fragmented , stretching from Siberian temperate forests to subtropical and tropical forests on the Indian subcontinent and Sumatra . The tiger is listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1986 . As of 2015 , the global wild tiger population was estimated to number between 3,062 and 3,948 mature individuals , down from around 100,000 at the start of the 20th century , with most remaining populations occurring in small pockets isolated from each other . Major reasons for population decline include habitat destruction , habitat fragmentation and poaching . This , coupled with the fact that it lives in some of the more densely populated places on Earth , has caused significant conflicts with humans ." } ] }, { "value": "Shere Khan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shere_Khan", "summary": "Shere Khan /ˈʃɪər ˈkɑːn/ is a fictional Bengal tiger and the main antagonist of Rudyard Kipling 's Jungle Book and its adaptations . His name is a translation of the English denomination of the bengal tiger : Royal Tiger into the Hindi language , where shere means tiger and khan is the mongol word for king and the name of the Indian Moghul ruler family . According to The Kipling Society , the word shere ( or shir ) translates as tiger , and khan is a title of distinction , used together to show that he is chief among tigers . Other sources indicate Shere may mean tiger or lion in Azerbaijani , Persian , Kurdish , Hindi-Urdu , and Punjabi , and that khan translates as king , or leader , in a number of languages influenced by the Mongols , including Pashto and Hindi-Urdu ." } ] }, { "value": "The Jungle Book , Talespin , The Jungle Book", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(1967_film)", "summary": "The Jungle Book is a 1967 American animated musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions . Based on Rudyard Kipling 's book of the same name , it is the 19th Disney animated feature film . Directed by Wolfgang Reitherman , it was the last film to be produced by Walt Disney , who died during its production . The plot follows Mowgli , a feral child raised in the Indian jungle by wolves , as his friends Bagheera the panther and Baloo the bear try to convince him to leave the jungle before the evil tiger Shere Khan arrives . The early versions of both the screenplay and the soundtrack followed Kipling 's work more closely , with a dramatic , dark , and sinister tone which Disney did not want in his family film , leading to writer Bill Peet and composer Terry Gilkyson being replaced . The casting employed famous actors and musicians Phil Harris , Sebastian Cabot , George Sanders and Louis Prima , as well as Disney regulars such as Sterling Holloway , J. Pat O'Malley and Verna Felton , and the director 's son , Bruce Reitherman , as Mowgli . The Jungle Book was released on October 18 , 1967 , to positive reception , with acclaim for its soundtrack , featuring five songs by the Sherman Brothers and one by Gilkyson , The Bare Necessities . The film initially became Disney 's second-highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada , and was also successful during its re-releases . The film was also successful throughout the world , becoming Germany 's highest-grossing film by number of admissions . Disney released a live-action adaptation in 1994 and an animated sequel , The Jungle Book 2 , in 2003 ; a live-action remake directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2016 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Talespin", "summary": "TaleSpin is an American animated television series based in the fictional city of Cape Suzette , which first aired in 1990 as a preview on Disney Channel and later that year as part of The Disney Afternoon , with characters adapted from Disney 's 1967 animated feature The Jungle Book ( namely , some of the film 's animals being given an anthropomorphical makeover while the humans are removed ) , which was theatrically rereleased in the summer before this show premiered in the fall . The name of the show is a play on tailspin , the rapid descent of an aircraft in a steep spiral . The two words in the show 's name , tale and spin , are a way to describe telling a story . The show is one of ten Disney Afternoon shows to use established Disney characters as the main characters , with the others being Darkwing Duck , DuckTales , Chip ' n Dale : Rescue Rangers , Goof Troop , Bonkers , Quack Pack , Aladdin , and Timon & Pumbaa . It is also one of two animated television series based on The Jungle Book , the second being Jungle Cubs ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Jungle_Book_(2016_film)", "summary": "The Jungle Book is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed and produced by Jon Favreau , produced by Walt Disney Pictures , and written by Justin Marks . Based on Rudyard Kipling 's eponymous collective works and inspired by Walt Disney 's 1967 animated film of the same name , The Jungle Book is a live-action/CGI film that tells the story of Mowgli , an orphaned human boy who , guided by his animal guardians , sets out on a journey of self-discovery while evading the threatening Shere Khan . The film introduces Neel Sethi as Mowgli , along with voice and motion capture performances from Ben Kingsley , Bill Murray , Idris Elba , Lupita Nyong ' o , Scarlett Johansson , Giancarlo Esposito , and Christopher Walken . Favreau , Marks , and producer Brigham Taylor developed the film 's story as a balance between Disney 's animated adaptation and Kipling 's original works , borrowing elements from both into the film . Principal photography commenced in 2014 , with filming taking place entirely in Los Angeles . The film required extensive use of computer-generated imagery to portray the animals and settings . The Jungle Book was released in the United States in Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX 3D , D-Box , and premium large formats , on April 15 , 2016 . It became a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 966 million worldwide , making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2016 and the 30th-highest-grossing film of all time . The film received praise for its visual effects , vocal performances , direction , musical score , and its faithfulness to the original animated film . It won accolades for achievements in visual effects at the 89th Academy Awards , 22nd Critics ' Choice Awards and 70th British Academy Film Awards . A sequel is in development , with Favreau and Marks set to return as director/producer and writer , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "The main antagonist , variously voiced by George Sanders , Tony Jay and Idris Elba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Sanders", "summary": "George Henry Sanders ( 3 July 1906 - 25 April 1972 ) was a British film and television actor , singer-songwriter , music composer , and author . His career as an actor spanned over forty years . His upper-class English accent and bass voice often led him to be cast as sophisticated but villainous characters . He is perhaps best known as Jack Favell in Rebecca ( 1940 ) , Scott ffolliott in Foreign Correspondent ( 1940 , a rare heroic part ) , Addison DeWitt in All About Eve ( 1950 , for which he won an Oscar ) , Sir Brian De Bois-Guilbert in Ivanhoe ( 1952 ) , King Richard the Lionheart in King Richard and the Crusaders ( 1954 ) , Mr . Freeze in a two-parter episode of Batman ( 1966 ) , the voice of the malevolent man-hating tiger Shere Khan in Disney 's The Jungle Book ( 1967 ) , and as Simon Templar , The Saint , in five films made in the 1930s and 1940s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tony_Jay", "summary": "Tony Jay ( 2 February 1933 - 13 August 2006 ) was an English-American character actor , voice artist , and singer . A former member of the Royal Shakespeare Company , he was known for his voice work in radio , animation , film , and video games . Jay was particularly well known for his distinctive baritone voice , which often led to him being cast in villainous roles . He was best known as the voice of Judge Claude Frollo in Disney 's The Hunchback of Notre Dame ( 1996 ) , Megabyte in ReBoot ( 1994-2001 ) , Shere Khan in The Jungle Book 2 and the TV series TaleSpin , and the Elder God ( plus various other roles ) in the Legacy of Kain series of video games . Jay also made many distinguished on-screen appearances , including the role of Nigel St John on Lois and Clark : The New Adventures of Superman ( 1993-1995 ) . He further made guest appearances on programs including The Golden Girls in 1987 , Twin Peaks in 1990-91 , and Night Court in 1991 . His most prominent onscreen role , however , is that of Professor Werner in Twins ( 1988 ) , the father figure/mentor to Arnold Schwarzenegger 's protagonist , Julius Benedict ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Idris_Elba", "summary": "Idrissa Akuna Elba OBE ( /ˈɪdrɪs/ ; born 6 September 1972 ) is an English actor , writer , producer , musician , DJ , rapper , and singer . He is known for roles including Stringer Bell in the HBO series The Wire , DCI John Luther in the BBC One series Luther , and Nelson Mandela in the biographical film Mandela : Long Walk to Freedom ( 2013 ) . He has been nominated four times for a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Miniseries or Television Film , winning one , and was nominated five times for a Primetime Emmy Award . Elba appeared in Ridley Scott 's American Gangster ( 2007 ) and Prometheus ( 2012 ) . Elba portrayed Heimdall in Thor ( 2011 ) and its sequels Thor : The Dark World ( 2013 ) and Thor : Ragnarok ( 2017 ) , as well as Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Avengers : Infinity War ( 2018 ) . He also starred in Pacific Rim ( 2013 ) , Beasts of No Nation ( 2015 ) , for which he received BAFTA and Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actor , and Molly 's Game ( 2017 ) . In 2016 , he voiced Chief Bogo in Zootopia , Shere Khan in the live action/CGI adaptation of The Jungle Book , Fluke in Finding Dory , and played the role of Krall in Star Trek Beyond . He made his directorial debut in 2018 with an adaptation of the 1992 novel Yardie by Victor Headley . In addition to his acting work , Elba performs as a DJ under the moniker DJ Big Driis ( or Big Driis the Londoner ) and as an R & B musician . In 2016 , he was named in the Time 100 list of the Most Influential People in the World . As of May 2019 , his films have grossed over $ 9.8 billion at the global box office , including over $ 3.6 billion in North America , where he is one of the top 20 highest-grossing actors ." } ] }, { "value": "Battle Cat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Battle_Cat", "summary": "Battle Cat is a fictional character in the Masters of the Universe franchise . He is a large cat with green fur and yellow stripes in a tiger-like pattern , and he serves primarily as He-Man 's fighting mount ." } ] }, { "value": "Masters of the Universe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Masters_of_the_Universe", "summary": "Masters of the Universe ( commonly abbreviated MOTU and sometimes referred to as the He-Man or She-Ra series , after its lead heroes ) is a media franchise created by Mattel . The main premise revolves around the conflict between He-Man ( the most powerful man in the universe and alter ego of Prince Adam ) , against the sorcerer Skeletor on the planet Eternia , with a vast lineup of supporting characters in a hybrid setting of medieval sword and sorcery and sci-fi technology . A follow-up series , She-Ra : Princess of Power , features He-Man 's sister She-Ra ( the most powerful woman in the universe and alter ego of Princess Adora ) and her struggle against the The Horde on the planet Etheria . Since its initial launch , the franchise has spawned a variety of products , including multiple lines of action figures , five animated television series , several comic series , video games , a daily newspaper comic strip , and two feature films ( one animated , one live action ) ." } ] }, { "value": "A large green tiger , with yellow stripes , who serves as He-Man 's fighting mount", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/He-Man", "summary": "He-Man is the principal superhero of a series of comic books and several animated television series , characterized by his superhuman strength . In most variations , he is the alter ego of Prince Adam . He-Man and his friends attempt to defend the realm of Eternia and the secrets of Castle Grayskull from the evil forces of Skeletor ." } ] }, { "value": "White Tiger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/White_tiger", "summary": "The white tiger or bleached tiger is a pigmentation variant of the Bengal tiger , which is reported in the wild from time to time in the Indian states of Madhya Pradesh , Assam , West Bengal , Bihar , and Odisha in the Sunderbans region and especially in the former State of Rewa . Such a tiger has the black stripes typical of the Bengal tiger , but carries a white or near-white coat ." } ] }, { "value": "The Justice Friends", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dexter's_Laboratory", "summary": "Dexter 's Laboratory ( commonly abbreviated as Dexter 's Lab ) is an American animated television series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network . It follows Dexter , a boy-genius and inventor with a hidden laboratory in his room , which he keeps secret from his parents . He is in a constant battle with his older sister Dee Dee , who always finds a way to get inside Dexter 's lab and inadvertently foil his experiments . Dexter also engages in a bitter rivalry with a fellow boy-genius named Mandark , who is Dexter 's neighbor and classmate . Prominently featured in the series ' first two seasons are segments featuring superhero-based characters Monkey , Dexter 's pet lab-monkey/superhero , and The Justice Friends , a trio of superheroes who share an apartment . Tartakovsky pitched the series to Fred Seibert 's first animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon ! at Hanna-Barbera , basing it on student films Tartakovsky produced at the California Institute of the Arts , and four pilots aired from 1995 to 1996 . Viewer approval ratings led to a half-hour series , which initially ran for two seasons with 52 total episodes from April 27 , 1996 , to June 15 , 1998 . On December 10 , 1999 , a made-for-television movie titled Ego Trip aired as the intended series finale , and Tartakovsky left to begin work on Samurai Jack . In 2001 , the series was revived for two more seasons containing 26 total episodes , which began on November 18 of that year , and concluded on November 20 , 2003 . Due to Tartakovsky 's departure from the series , the new seasons were made under Chris Savino and a different production team at Cartoon Network Studios . The revival 's animation was created with digital ink and paint instead of the previous seasons ' cel animation style ." } ] }, { "value": "A humanoid tiger and a companion to the Justice Friends", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Master Tigress", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kung Fu Panda", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kung_Fu_Panda_(franchise)", "summary": "Kung Fu Panda is a media franchise by DreamWorks Animation , consisting of three films : Kung Fu Panda ( 2008 ) , Kung Fu Panda 2 ( 2011 ) and Kung Fu Panda 3 ( 2016 ) . The first two were distributed by Paramount Pictures , while the third film was distributed by 20th Century Fox . Three shorts , Secrets of the Furious Five ( 2008 ) , Kung Fu Panda Holiday Special ( 2010 ) and Kung Fu Panda : Secrets of the Masters ( 2011 ) , were also released . A television series for Nickelodeon television network , Kung Fu Panda : Legends of Awesomeness , premiered in 2011 . A second series , Kung Fu Panda : The Paws of Destiny , was released on Amazon Prime in November 2018 . The franchise , set in a fantasy wuxia genre version of ancient China populated by humanoid animals , features the adventures of Po Ping , a giant panda , who was improbably chosen as the prophesied Dragon Warrior . Although his status is initially doubted , Po proves himself worthy as he strives to fulfill his destiny and learn about his past with his new friends . The film series has been highly acclaimed with its first two features being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature as well as numerous Annie Awards while the television series has won 11 Emmy Awards . The first two films were the most financially successful animated feature film for their years and the second is the second biggest worldwide box office success for a film directed solely by a woman ( Jennifer Yuh Nelson ) , after Wonder Woman ." } ] }, { "value": "A South China Tiger who is the strongest and boldest warrior of the Furious Five", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_China_Tiger", "summary": "The South China tiger is a Panthera tigris tigris population in southern China . This population occurred in Fujian , Guangdong , Hunan and Jiangxi provinces . It has been listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List since 1996 , and is possibly extinct in the wild since no wild individual has been recorded since the early 1970s . Already in the late 1990s , continued survival was considered unlikely due to low prey density , widespread habitat degradation and fragmentation , and other human pressures . In the fur trade , it used to be called Amoy tiger . It is also known as South Chinese , Chinese and Xiamen tiger ." } ] }, { "value": "Mei Lin", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Master Keaton OVA", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taiga", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nagasarete Airantou", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nagasarete_Airantou", "summary": "Nagasarete Airantō ( ながされて藍蘭島 , Nagasarete Airantō , literally Cast Away . Airan Island ) is a Japanese manga series by Takeshi Fujishiro . It was first serialized in Square Enix 's Monthly Shōnen Gangan magazine in January 2002 . A few years later , a couple of drama CDs were released based on the manga version . A 26-episode anime adaptation by the animation studio Feel aired in Japan between April 4 and September 26 , 2007 . From the same author , there is a sister series titled Cahe Detective Club which features the cousins of certain characters from this series ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tigger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tigger", "summary": "Tigger is a fictional tiger character originally introduced in The House at Pooh Corner , the sequel to Winnie-the-Pooh by A . A. Milne . Like other Pooh characters , Tigger is based on one of Christopher Robin Milne 's stuffed toy animals . Tigger appears in the Disney cartoon versions of Winnie the Pooh and has also appeared in his own film . He is known for his distinctive orange and black stripes , large eyes , a long chin , a springy tail , and his love of bouncing . As he says himself , Bouncing is what Tiggers do best . Tigger never refers to himself as a tiger , but as a Tigger . Although he often refers to himself in the third person plural ( e.g . Tiggers do n't like honey ! ) , he maintains that he is the only one ." } ] }, { "value": "The House at Pooh Corner", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_House_at_Pooh_Corner", "summary": "The House at Pooh Corner ( 1928 ) is the second volume of stories about Winnie-the-Pooh , written by A . A. Milne and illustrated by E. H. Shepard . It is notable for the introduction of the character Tigger ." } ] }, { "value": "Tigger is a fictional tiger character originally introduced in A . A. Milne 's book The House at Pooh Corner", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vitaly", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Madagascar 3 : Europe 's Most Wanted", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Madagascar_3:_Europe's_Most_Wanted", "summary": "Madagascar 3 : Europe 's Most Wanted ( also simply known as Madagascar 3 ) is a 2012 American computer-animated comedy film produced by DreamWorks Animation , distributed by Paramount Pictures.1 , It is the third installment of the Madagascar series and the sequel to Madagascar : Escape 2 Africa ( 2008 ) . It is also the first film in the series to be released in 3D . The film was directed by Eric Darnell , Tom McGrath , and Conrad Vernon from a screenplay by Darnell and Noah Baumbach . Ben Stiller , Chris Rock , David Schwimmer , Jada Pinkett Smith , Sacha Baron Cohen , Cedric the Entertainer , and Andy Richter reprise their roles from the previous films , with newcomers including Jessica Chastain , Bryan Cranston , Martin Short , and Frances McDormand . In this film , Alex , Marty , Melman , and Gloria are still struggling to get home to New York . This time , their journey takes them to Europe , where they are relentlessly pursued by the murderous Monaco-based French Animal Control officer Captain Chantel DuBois . As a means of getting passage to North America , the animals join a circus , where they become close friends with the animal performers , including the new characters of Gia , Vitaly , and Stefano . Together , they spectacularly revitalize the business and along the way find themselves reconsidering where their true home really is . Madagascar 3 : Europe 's Most Wanted made its world premiere at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival on May 18 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on June 8 . It has a 79% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes ( the highest rating in the series ) and is the eighth highest-grossing film of 2012 and the highest-grossing Madagascar film with a worldwide gross of over $ 746 million . A spin-off titled Penguins of Madagascar was released on November 26 , 2014 . A sequel , Madagascar 4 , was initially planned for a 2018 release , but was later put on an indefinite hold due to DreamWorks Animation 's 2015 restructuring ." } ] }, { "value": "A Siberian Tiger with a Russian accent , voiced by Bryan Cranston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Siberian_Tiger", "summary": "The Siberian tiger is a Panthera tigris tigris population in the Russian Far East and Northeast China , and possibly North Korea . It once ranged throughout the Korean Peninsula , north China , Russian Far East , and eastern Mongolia . Today , this population inhabits mainly the Sikhote Alin mountain region in southwest Primorye Province in the Russian Far East . In 2005 , there were 331-393 adult and subadult Siberian tigers in this region , with a breeding adult population of about 250 individuals . The population had been stable for more than a decade due to intensive conservation efforts , but partial surveys conducted after 2005 indicate that the Russian tiger population was declining . An initial census held in 2015 indicated that the Siberian tiger population had increased to 480-540 individuals in the Russian Far East , including 100 cubs . This was followed up by a more detailed census which revealed there was a total population of 562 wild Siberian tigers in Russia . As of 2014 , about 35 individuals were estimated to range in the international border area between Russia and China . The Siberian tiger is genetically close to the Caspian tiger of Central and Western Asia . Results of a phylogeographic study comparing mitochondrial DNA from Caspian tigers and living tiger subspecies indicate that the common ancestor of the Siberian and Caspian tigers colonized Central Asia from eastern China , via the Gansu−Silk Road corridor , and then subsequently traversed Siberia eastward to establish the Siberian tiger population in the Russian Far East . The Caspian and Siberian tiger populations were the northernmost in mainland Asia . The Siberian tiger was also called Amur tiger , Manchurian tiger , Korean tiger , and Ussurian tiger , depending on the region where individuals were observed ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bryan_Cranston", "summary": "Bryan Lee Cranston ( born March 7 , 1956 ) is an American actor , director , producer and screenwriter . He is best known for playing Walter White on the AMC series Breaking Bad ( 2008-2013 ) , Hal on the Fox sitcom Malcolm in the Middle ( 2000-2006 ) , and Dr. Tim Whatley on the NBC sitcom Seinfeld ( 1994-1997 ) . Cranston 's performance on Breaking Bad is widely regarded as one of the best performances in television history , for which he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series four times ( 2008 , 2009 , 2010 , and 2014 ) . After becoming a producer of the show in 2011 , he also won the award for Outstanding Drama Series twice . He was previously nominated three times for the Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Comedy Series for his role in Malcolm in the Middle . Breaking Bad also earned Cranston five Golden Globe nominations ( with one win ) , nine Screen Actors Guild Award nominations ( with four wins ) , and six Satellite Award nominations ( with four wins ) . In 2014 , Cranston won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play for his portrayal of president Lyndon B. Johnson in the play All the Way on Broadway , a role he reprised in HBO 's 2016 television film of the same name . In 2018 , he won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor for his portrayal of Howard Beale in Network at London 's National Theatre , later winning his second Tony Award for playing the role on Broadway . For portraying Dalton Trumbo in the film Trumbo ( 2015 ) , he received acclaim and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor . Cranston has directed episodes of Malcolm in the Middle , Breaking Bad , Modern Family , and The Office . He has also appeared in several acclaimed films , such as Saving Private Ryan ( 1998 ) , Little Miss Sunshine ( 2006 ) , Drive ( 2011 ) , Argo ( 2012 ) , and Godzilla ( 2014 ) . In 2015 , Cranston and David Shore created , executive produced , and wrote the story for the Amazon Studios original crime drama Sneaky Pete ." } ] }, { "value": "Giant Realistic Flying Tiger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uncle Grandpa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uncle_Grandpa", "summary": "Uncle Grandpa is an American animated television series created by Peter Browngardt that ran on Cartoon Network from September 2 , 2013 to June 30 , 2017 . It is based on Browngardt 's animated short of the same name from The Cartoonstitute . Uncle Grandpa is also a spin-off of Secret Mountain Fort Awesome , which was in turn a spin-off of the Cartoonstitute short . It was produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The show is a surreal action-adventure comedy that relies extensively on visual gags and catchphrases . Creator Pete Browngardt has cited the work of cartoonists Don Martin , Gary Larson and Robert Crumb , as well as Golden Age-era animators such as Tex Avery and Max Fleischer when it came to developing the style of the show . Each 11-minute episode is presented in a unique format , consisting of a main seven- to nine-minute story , some short bumpers typically composed of a quick visual joke , and an original short that focuses on the show 's side characters . Cartoon Network renewed the series for the fourth and fifth seasons : first splitting the second season ( of 52 episodes ) into two halves , which respectively became the second and third season , then also dividing in half the already announced third season into the fourth and fifth season ( of 26 and 23 episodes , respectively ) , which served as the final seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Her personality is a cross between that of a stereotypical teenage girl , a house cat and a real-life tiger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Queen Stealth", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wild Kratts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wild_Kratts", "summary": "Wild Kratts is an American/Canadian animated television series created by Chris and Martin Kratt . The Kratt Brothers Company and 9 Story Media Group produce the show , which is presented by PBS in the United States . The show 's aim is to educate children about biology , zoology , and ecology , and teach kids small ways to make big impacts . It has ties to the Kratts ' previous shows , Kratts ' Creatures and Zoboomafoo , and contains numerous characters from the latter . The show is broadcast in the United States , Canada , Latin America , Brazil , Australia , Spain , the United Kingdom , Ireland , Iceland , Croatia , Denmark , France , Germany , Portugal , Belgium , the Netherlands ( Dutch-dubbed versions as Kratts in the Wild ) , Middle East , India and Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in Serbian ." } ] }, { "value": "A female Bengal tiger who lives in the rainforests of India", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bengal_tiger", "summary": "The Bengal tiger is a Panthera tigris tigris population native to the Indian subcontinent . It is threatened by poaching , loss , and fragmentation of habitat , and was estimated at comprising fewer than 2,500 individuals by 2011 . None of the Tiger Conservation Landscapes within its range is considered large enough to support an effective population of more than 250 adult individuals . India 's tiger population was estimated at 1,706-1,909 individuals in 2010 . By 2018 , the population had increased to an estimated 2,603-3,346 individuals . Around 440 tigers are estimated in Bangladesh , 163-253 tigers in Nepal and 103 tigers in Bhutan . The tiger is estimated to be present in the Indian subcontinent since the Late Pleistocene , for about 12,000 to 16,500 years . The Bengal tiger ranks among the biggest wild cats alive today . It is considered to belong to the world 's charismatic megafauna . It is the national animal of both India and Bangladesh . It is also known as the Royal Bengal tiger ." } ] }, { "value": "Baby Blue , Camo and Tackle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wild Kratts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wild_Kratts", "summary": "Wild Kratts is an American/Canadian animated television series created by Chris and Martin Kratt . The Kratt Brothers Company and 9 Story Media Group produce the show , which is presented by PBS in the United States . The show 's aim is to educate children about biology , zoology , and ecology , and teach kids small ways to make big impacts . It has ties to the Kratts ' previous shows , Kratts ' Creatures and Zoboomafoo , and contains numerous characters from the latter . The show is broadcast in the United States , Canada , Latin America , Brazil , Australia , Spain , the United Kingdom , Ireland , Iceland , Croatia , Denmark , France , Germany , Portugal , Belgium , the Netherlands ( Dutch-dubbed versions as Kratts in the Wild ) , Middle East , India and Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia in Serbian ." } ] }, { "value": "Queen Stealth 's children", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nahal", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Shimmer and Shine", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shimmer_and_Shine", "summary": "Shimmer and Shine is an American animated television series , created by Farnaz Esnaashari-Charmatz . It airs on Nick Jr. in the United States and on Treehouse in Canada . The series is based on an unreleased pilot from 2013 , and premiered on Nickelodeon on August 24 , 2015 . It was renewed for a fourth season of 20 episodes on October 20 , 2018 . Since March 18 , 2018 , new episodes moved to the Nick Jr. channel ." } ] }, { "value": "Shine 's pet Bengal tiger", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Tigers", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_fictional_big_cats_in_animation_3", "intro": "This List of fictional big cats in animation is subsidiary to the list of fictional animals and is a collection of various notable feline characters that appear in various animated works of fiction. It is limited to well-referenced examples of large felines portrayed in animated television shows or feature-length films." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgian_Fourth_Division_B", "title": "Belgian Fourth Division B", "header": [ "Club", "Municipality", "Province", "Finishing position 2014-15 season" ], "data": [ { "value": "R. Géants Athois", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ath", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ath", "summary": "Ath ( French pronunciation : ​ [ at ] ; Dutch : Aat , Picard : Ât ) is a Belgian municipality located in the Walloon province of Hainaut . The Ath municipality includes the old communes of Lanquesaint , Irchonwelz , Ormeignies , Bouvignies , Ostiches , Rebaix , Maffle , Arbre , Houtaing , Ligne , Mainvault , Moulbaix , Villers-Notre-Dame , Villers-Saint-Amand , Ghislenghien ( Dutch : Gellingen ) , Isières , Meslin-l'Evêque , and Gibecq . Ath is known as the City of Giants after the Ducasse d'Ath festivities which take place every year on the fourth weekend in August . Huge figures representing Goliath , Samson , and other allegoric figures are paraded through the streets , and Goliath 's wedding and his famous fight with David are re-enacted ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "16th of third division A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgian_Third_Division_A", "summary": "The Belgian Third Division A was one of the two leagues at the third level of the Belgian football league system , the other one being the Belgian Third Division B . This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 18 clubs from 2009 . Prior to this , the third level in the Belgian football league system was called Promotion and was divided into four leagues of 16 clubs each and prior to the 1931-32 season , the Promotion was divided into three leagues . Due to restructuring , the Third Division was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division which plays as three leagues of 16 clubs each from the 2016-17 season ." } ] }, { "value": "K.A.C . Betekom", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Betekom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Betekom", "summary": "Begijnendijk ( Dutch pronunciation : [ bəˈɣɛi̯nə ( n ) ˌdɛi̯k ] ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant . The municipality comprises the towns of Begijnendijk proper and Betekom . On January 1 , 2006 , Begijnendijk had a total population of 9,400 . The total area is 17.62 km² which gives a population density of 534 inhabitants per km² . The official spoken language is Dutch . On the 25th of July 2019 , the hottest ever recorded in Belgium was recorded in Begijnendijk , the town recording a temperature of 41.8°C , beating the temperature of 40.2°C recorded in Angleur , recorded just the previous day ." } ] }, { "value": "Flemish Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flemish_Brabant", "summary": "Flemish Brabant ( Dutch : Vlaams-Brabant [ ˌvlaːmzˈbraːbɑnt ] ( listen ) , French : Brabant flamand ) is a province of Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the Belgian provinces of Antwerp , Limburg , Liège , Walloon Brabant , Hainaut and East Flanders . Flemish Brabant also surrounds the Brussels-Capital Region . Its capital is Leuven . It has an area of 2,118 km2 ( 818 sq mi ) which is divided into two administrative districts ( arrondissementen in Dutch ) containing 65 municipalities . As of January 2019 , Flemish Brabant has a population of 1,146,175 . Flemish Brabant was created in 1995 by the splitting of the former province of Brabant into three parts : two new provinces , Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant ; and the Brussels-Capital Region , which no longer belongs to any province . The split was made to accommodate the eventual division of Belgium in three regions ( Flanders , Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region ) . It is a province with a rich cultural history and a great diversity of typical products , among them several of the world-famous Belgian beers . The province is made up of two arrondissements . The Halle-Vilvoorde Arrondissement has Brussels in its middle and is therefore mainly a residential area , even though it also has large industrial zones and contains Belgium 's main airport . The other arrondissement is the Leuven Arrondissement , centered on Leuven ." } ] }, { "value": "1st of Brabant Division One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R. Francs Borains", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R._Francs_Borains", "summary": "RFC Seraing is a Belgian association football club based in Seraing in the province of Liège . They have been playing in the Belgian Second Division since 2009-10 as Royal Boussu Dour Borinage and were formerly known as Royal Francs Borains until the start of the 2008-09 season . They play their home games at the Stade du Pairay ." } ] }, { "value": "Boussu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boussu", "summary": "Boussu is a Walloon municipality in the Belgian province of Hainaut . As of January 1 , 2006 , Boussu had a population of 20,058 . The total area is 20.01 km² , which gives a population density of 1,002 inhabitants per km² ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "2nd", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FC Ganshoren", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ganshoren", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ganshoren", "summary": "Ganshoren ( French pronunciation : [ ɡɑ̃soˈʁen ] ; Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɣɑnsˌɦoːrə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region ( Belgium ) . Located to the northwest of the region , it is bordered by the municipalities of Asse ( Flemish Brabant ) , Jette , Koekelberg , and Sint-Agatha-Berchem . In common with all of Brussels ' municipalities , it is legally bilingual ( French-Dutch ) . On 1 January 2006 , the municipality had a total population of 20,970 . The total area is 2.46 km2 ( 0.95 sq mi ) which gives a population density of 8,541/km2 ( 22,120/sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Brussels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels", "summary": "Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city ." } ] }, { "value": "12th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Léopold FC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Léopold_FC", "summary": "Royal Léopold FC is a Belgian football club from the city of Brussels . It was founded in 1893 as Léopold Football Club and encountered many name changes in its history , the last of them following a string of merges to keep the matricule n°5 alive ( such as with R.C.S . La Forestoise in 1996 for example ) ; it changed name to the present one in July 2014 . It plays in the Belgian Promotion D , the fourth level in Belgian football ) , in 1895 as Léopold Club ( first name change ) and finished 4th . It was then a club for the bourgeoisie and nobility in Brussels In 1912-13 it played in the second division but managed to secure a place for the next first division season . But it finished last again in the last season before World War I and never managed to come back at the top level ." } ] }, { "value": "Uccle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uccle", "summary": "Uccle ( French : [ ykl ] ) or Ukkel ( Dutch : [ ˈʏkəl ] ( listen ) ) is one of the 19 municipalities located in the Brussels-Capital Region of Belgium . Like all other Brussels municipalities , it is legally bilingual ( French-Dutch ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Brussels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels", "summary": "Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city ." } ] }, { "value": "8th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RWDM47", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/RWDM47", "summary": "RWDM47 , also known as RWD Molenbeek or often referred to as RWDM is a Belgian football club founded in 1951 as Standaard Wetteren . In 2015 , Wetteren folded and merged with another club , liberating the matricule which was sold to people wanting to revive the former RWDM with matricule 47 which folded in 2002 . As such the new club was named RWDM47 . The club has been on the rise ever since winning two consecutive promotions from the fifth tier to the fourth and fourth to third . The club holds a strong fanbase with an average of 3 to 4 thousand supporters at home and bring large numbers away . The owner , Thierry Dailly has become a favourite at the club on how he has run things and has prepared the club for life in the second tier , the division they last played in when they played as RWDM Brussels in 2014 . RWDM 's academy has always been one of the best in Belgium and many footballers have come from there , notably Adnan Januzaj and Michy Batshuayi to name a few Belgian internationals as well as a few internationals for other countries . The club currently plays in the Belgian First Amateur Division . It participated in the 2015-16 Belgian Cup , where it reached the fourth round ." } ] }, { "value": "Sint-Jans-Molenbeek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sint-Jans-Molenbeek", "summary": "Molenbeek-Saint-Jean ( French , pronounced [ molənbeːk sɛ̃ ʒɑ̃ ] ) or Sint-Jans-Molenbeek ( Dutch , pronounced [ sɪn ˈcɑns ˈmoːlə ( m ) ˌbeːk ] ( listen ) ) , often simply called Molenbeek , is one of 19 municipalities of the Brussels-Capital Region ( Belgium ) . Located to the west of the region , it is bordered by the City of Brussels , from which it is separated by the Brussels-Charleroi Canal , as well as by the municipalities of Anderlecht , Berchem-Sainte-Agathe , Dilbeek , Jette and Koekelberg . The Molenbeek brook , from which it takes its name , flows through the municipality . In common with all of Brussels municipalities , it is legally bilingual ( French-Dutch ) . In 2014 , Molenbeek had a population of 94,854 inhabitants . It is densely populated , at 16,357/km2 ( 42,360/sq mi ) , twice the average of Brussels . Its upper area is greener and less densely populated . In 2015 , Molenbeek gained international attention as the base of Islamist terrorists , who carried out attacks in both France and Belgium . The municipality 's then-mayor described it as a breeding ground for violence . In early 2016 , Molenbeek held a reputation as a safe haven for jihadists in relation to the support shown by some residents towards the bombers who carried out the Paris and Brussels attacks ." } ] }, { "value": "Brussels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brussels", "summary": "Brussels ( French : Bruxelles [ bʁysɛl ] ( listen ) or [ bʁyksɛl ] ; Dutch : Brussel [ ˈbrʏsəl ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Brussels-Capital Region ( French : Région de Bruxelles-Capitale ; [ a ] Dutch : Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest ) , [ b ] is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities , including the City of Brussels , which is the capital of Belgium . The Brussels-Capital Region is located in the central portion of the country and is a part of both the French Community of Belgium and the Flemish Community , but is separate from the Flemish Region ( which forms an enclave ) and the Walloon Region . Brussels is the most densely populated and the richest region in Belgium in terms of GDP per capita . It covers 162 km2 ( 63 sq mi ) , a relatively small area compared to the two other regions , and has a population of over 1.2 million . The metropolitan area of Brussels comprises over 2.5 million people , which makes it the largest in Belgium . It is also part of a large conurbation extending towards Ghent , Antwerp , Leuven and Walloon Brabant , home to over 5 million people . Brussels grew from a small rural settlement on the river Senne to become an important city-region in Europe . Since the end of the Second World War , it has been a major centre for international politics and home to numerous international organisations , politicians , diplomats and civil servants . Brussels is the de facto capital of the European Union , as it hosts a number of principal EU institutions , including its administrative-legislative , executive-political , and legislative branches ( though the judicial branch is located in Luxembourg , and the European Parliament meets for a minority of the year in Strasbourg ) [ c ] . Its name is sometimes used metonymically to describe the EU and its institutions . The secretariat of the Benelux and headquarters of NATO are also located in Brussels . As the economic capital of Belgium and one of the top financial centres of Western Europe with Euronext Brussels , it is classified as an Alpha global city ." } ] }, { "value": "None ( newly formed )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R.O.C . de Charleroi-Marchienne", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.O.C._de_Charleroi-Marchienne", "summary": "R. Olympic Charleroi Châtelet Farcienness , is a Belgian association football club from the city of Charleroi , Hainaut . As of 2019 , they play in the Belgian First Amateur Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Montignies-sur-Sambre", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Montignies-sur-Sambre", "summary": "Montignies-sur-Sambre is a section of the Belgian town of Charleroi within the Walloon region in the Province of Hainaut . It was a municipality of its own before the merger of the municipalities in 1977 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "1st of Hainaut Division One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Racing Charleroi Couillet Fleurus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Racing_Charleroi_Couillet_Fleurus", "summary": "Racing Charleroi Couillet Fleurus ( formerly Football Club Charleroi ) , abbreviated to RCCF , is a Belgian association football club located in the suburb of Couillet , which is a part of the city of Charleroi , in the province of Hainaut . The club , founded in 2009 out of a merger , plays in the Promotion , which is the fourth tier of Belgian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Charleroi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charleroi", "summary": "Charleroi ( UK : /ˈʃɑːrlə.rwʌ/ , US : /-rɔɪ , -rwɑː/ , French : [ ʃaʁləʁwa ] ; Walloon : Tchålerwè [ tʃɑːlɛʀwɛ ] ) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia , located in the province of Hainaut , Belgium . By January 1 , 2008 , the total population of Charleroi was 201,593 . The metropolitan area , including the outer commuter zone , covers an area of 1,462 square kilometres ( 564 sq mi ) with a total population of 522,522 by January 1 , 2008 , ranking it as the 5th most populous in Belgium after Brussels , Antwerp , Liège , and Ghent . The inhabitants are called Carolorégiens or simply Carolos ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "4th of Hainaut Division One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R. Châtelet S.C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R._Châtelet_S.C.", "summary": "Royal Châtelet-Farciennes Sporting Club was a Belgian football team , from Châtelet , Hainaut , Belgium , last playing in the 2018-19 Belgian First Amateur Division before merging with R.O.C . de Charleroi-Marchienne to become R. Olympic Charleroi Châtelet Farciennes ." } ] }, { "value": "Châtelet", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Châtelet,_Belgium", "summary": "Châtelet ( Walloon : Tcheslet ) is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Hainaut , on the river Sambre . As of January 1 , 2006 , Châtelet had a total population of 35,621 . The total area of the municipality is 27.03 km² which gives a population density of 1,318 inhabitants per km² . It is composed of three separate entities : Châtelet , Bouffioulx and Châtelineau . Châtelet was a long established independent city prior to its fusion with the other entities ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "5th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "K.F.C . Duffel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Duffel", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duffel", "summary": "Duffel ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈdɵfəl ] ) is a municipality in the Belgian province of Antwerp . The municipality comprises only the town of Duffel proper . On 1 January 2006 , Duffel had a total population of 16,019 . The total area is 22.71 km² which gives a population density of 705 inhabitants per km² . The town is the home of duffel fabric , a coarse woolen cloth used to make heavy outerwear and tote bags . The etymology of Duffel is from dubro and locus , from the Gaulish dubrum , dubron - water ." } ] }, { "value": "Antwerp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Antwerp_(province)", "summary": "Antwerp Province ( Dutch : Provincie Antwerpen [ ˈɑntʋɛrpə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ) is the northernmost province both of the Flemish Region , also called Flanders , and of Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) North Brabant province of the Netherlands and the Belgian provinces of Limburg , Flemish Brabant and East Flanders . Its capital is Antwerp which comprises the Port of Antwerp , which is the second largest seaport in Europe . It has an area of 2,876 km2 ( 1,110 sq mi ) and with over 1.85 million inhabitants as of January 2019 , it is the country 's most populous province . The province consists of 3 arrondissements : Antwerp , Mechelen and Turnhout . The eastern part of the province comprises the main part of the Campine region ." } ] }, { "value": "5th of promotion C", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgian_Promotion_C", "summary": "The Belgian Fourth Division C was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system , the other ones being the Belgian Fourth Division A , B and D. This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league . The league was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division ." } ] }, { "value": "K.S.K . Halle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Halle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Halle,_Belgium", "summary": "Halle ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈɦɑlə ] , French : Hal ) is a city and municipality of Belgium , in the district ( arrondissement ) Halle-Vilvoorde of the province Flemish Brabant . It is located on the Brussels-Charleroi Canal and on the Flemish side of the language border that separates Flanders and Wallonia . Halle lies on the border between the Flemish plains to the North ( thick loam ) and the undulating Brabant lands to the South ( thinner loam ) . The city also borders on the Pajottenland to the west . The official language of Halle is Dutch . The municipality Halle comprises the city of Halle proper and the towns of Buizingen and Lembeek . The neighboring towns are : Pepingen , Sint-Pieters-Leeuw , Beersel , Braine-l'Alleud , Braine-le-Château , and Tubize . The population of Halle has increased from 32,758 inhabitants in 1991 to 39,536 on 1 January 2019 . The mayor is Marc Snoeck of the sp.a ." } ] }, { "value": "Flemish Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flemish_Brabant", "summary": "Flemish Brabant ( Dutch : Vlaams-Brabant [ ˌvlaːmzˈbraːbɑnt ] ( listen ) , French : Brabant flamand ) is a province of Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the Belgian provinces of Antwerp , Limburg , Liège , Walloon Brabant , Hainaut and East Flanders . Flemish Brabant also surrounds the Brussels-Capital Region . Its capital is Leuven . It has an area of 2,118 km2 ( 818 sq mi ) which is divided into two administrative districts ( arrondissementen in Dutch ) containing 65 municipalities . As of January 2019 , Flemish Brabant has a population of 1,146,175 . Flemish Brabant was created in 1995 by the splitting of the former province of Brabant into three parts : two new provinces , Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant ; and the Brussels-Capital Region , which no longer belongs to any province . The split was made to accommodate the eventual division of Belgium in three regions ( Flanders , Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region ) . It is a province with a rich cultural history and a great diversity of typical products , among them several of the world-famous Belgian beers . The province is made up of two arrondissements . The Halle-Vilvoorde Arrondissement has Brussels in its middle and is therefore mainly a residential area , even though it also has large industrial zones and contains Belgium 's main airport . The other arrondissement is the Leuven Arrondissement , centered on Leuven ." } ] }, { "value": "5th of Brabant Division One", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R.F.C . Tournai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.F.C._Tournai", "summary": "R.F.C . Tournai is a Belgian association football club from the city of Tournai , Hainaut . It is the result of the merger between R. Union Sportive Tournaisienne ( matricule n°26 ) and R.R.C . Tournaisien ( n°36 ) in 2002 . The club wears the matricule n°26 and plays in the Third Amateur Division ." } ] }, { "value": "Tournai", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tournai", "summary": "Tournai ( /tʊərˈneɪ/ toor-NAY , French : [ tuʁnɛ ] ; Picard : Tornai ( and Walloon : Tornè ) Walloon : [ tɔʀ . 'nɛ ] ( listen ) ; Latin : Tornacum ) , known in Dutch as Doornik and historically as Dornick in English , is a Walloon municipality of Belgium , 85 kilometres ( 53 miles ) southwest of Brussels on the river Scheldt . In the province of Hainaut , Tournai is part of Eurometropolis Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai , which had 2,155,161 residents in 2008 . Tournai is one of the oldest cities in Belgium and has played an important role in the country 's cultural history . It was the first capital of the Frankish Empire , with Clovis I being born here ." } ] }, { "value": "Hainaut", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hainaut_(province)", "summary": "Hainaut ( /eɪˈnoʊ/ , also US : /heɪˈ- , ɛˈ-/ , UK : /ˈ ( h ) eɪnoʊ/ , French : [ ɛno ] ; Dutch : Henegouwen [ ˈɦeːnəɣʌuə ( n ) ] ( listen ) ; Walloon : Hinnot ; Picard : Hénau ) , historically also known as Heynowes in English , is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . To its south lies the French department of Nord , while within Belgium it borders ( clockwise from the North ) on the Flemish provinces of West Flanders , East Flanders , Flemish Brabant and the Walloon provinces of Walloon Brabant and Namur . Its capital is Mons ( Dutch Bergen ) and the most populous city is Charleroi , the province 's urban , economic and cultural hub , the financial capital of Hainaut and the fifth largest city in the country by population . Hainaut has a area of 3,831 km2 ( 1,479 sq mi ) and as of January 2019 a population of 1,344,241 ." } ] }, { "value": "18th of third division A", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Belgian_Third_Division_A", "summary": "The Belgian Third Division A was one of the two leagues at the third level of the Belgian football league system , the other one being the Belgian Third Division B . This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 18 clubs from 2009 . Prior to this , the third level in the Belgian football league system was called Promotion and was divided into four leagues of 16 clubs each and prior to the 1931-32 season , the Promotion was divided into three leagues . Due to restructuring , the Third Division was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division which plays as three leagues of 16 clubs each from the 2016-17 season ." } ] }, { "value": "R.U.S . Rebecquoise", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/R.U.S._Rebecquoise", "summary": "R.U.S . Rebecquoise is a Belgian football club from the municipality of Rebecq . It was founded on 1930 and currently plays on the Belgian Second Amateur Division , fourth tier on Belgian football ." } ] }, { "value": "Rebecq", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rebecq", "summary": "Rebecq ( Ribek in its native Dutch spelling ) is a Walloon municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant . On 1 January 2006 the municipality had 10,241 inhabitants . The total area is 39.08 km² , giving a population density of 262 inhabitants per km² . The municipality consists of the following sub-municipalities : Bierghes ( Bierk ) , Rebecq-Rognon ( Roosbeek ) , and Quenast ( Kenast ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Walloon Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walloon_Brabant", "summary": "Walloon Brabant ( French : Brabant wallon , Dutch : Waals-Brabant ( help·info ) , Walloon : Roman Payis ) is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the province of Flemish Brabant ( Flemish Region ) and the provinces of Liège , Namur and Hainaut ( Wallonia ) . Its capital and largest city is Wavre . The provincial population was recorded at 403,599 as of January 2019 , giving a population density of 368/km2 ( 950/sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "4th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "K. Olympia Voetbalclub Sterrebeek", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sterrebeek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sterrebeek", "summary": "Sterrebeek is a town in the municipality ( gemeente ) of Zaventem , and a suburb on the east-northeast side of Brussels . Brussels American School ( the United States Department of Defense school ) is located in Sterrebeek . The official language is Dutch ( as everywhere in Flanders ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Flemish Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flemish_Brabant", "summary": "Flemish Brabant ( Dutch : Vlaams-Brabant [ ˌvlaːmzˈbraːbɑnt ] ( listen ) , French : Brabant flamand ) is a province of Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the Belgian provinces of Antwerp , Limburg , Liège , Walloon Brabant , Hainaut and East Flanders . Flemish Brabant also surrounds the Brussels-Capital Region . Its capital is Leuven . It has an area of 2,118 km2 ( 818 sq mi ) which is divided into two administrative districts ( arrondissementen in Dutch ) containing 65 municipalities . As of January 2019 , Flemish Brabant has a population of 1,146,175 . Flemish Brabant was created in 1995 by the splitting of the former province of Brabant into three parts : two new provinces , Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant ; and the Brussels-Capital Region , which no longer belongs to any province . The split was made to accommodate the eventual division of Belgium in three regions ( Flanders , Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region ) . It is a province with a rich cultural history and a great diversity of typical products , among them several of the world-famous Belgian beers . The province is made up of two arrondissements . The Halle-Vilvoorde Arrondissement has Brussels in its middle and is therefore mainly a residential area , even though it also has large industrial zones and contains Belgium 's main airport . The other arrondissement is the Leuven Arrondissement , centered on Leuven ." } ] }, { "value": "10th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R.R.C . Waterloo", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Waterloo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Waterloo,_Belgium", "summary": "Waterloo ( French pronunciation : ​ [ watɛʁlo ] , Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈʋaːtərloː ] , Walloon : Waterlô ) is a municipality in the province of Walloon Brabant , Belgium , which in 2011 had a population of 29,706 and an area of 21.03 km2 ( 8.12 sq mi ) . It is northeast of the larger town of Braine-l'Alleud , which is the site of the Battle of Waterloo , where the resurgent Napoleon was defeated for the final time in 1815 . Waterloo lies a short distance south of Brussels , the historical capital of the nation . Historically Flemish , Waterloo is now a Francophone town right on the regional and language border between Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant ." } ] }, { "value": "Walloon Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walloon_Brabant", "summary": "Walloon Brabant ( French : Brabant wallon , Dutch : Waals-Brabant ( help·info ) , Walloon : Roman Payis ) is a province of Wallonia and Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the province of Flemish Brabant ( Flemish Region ) and the provinces of Liège , Namur and Hainaut ( Wallonia ) . Its capital and largest city is Wavre . The provincial population was recorded at 403,599 as of January 2019 , giving a population density of 368/km2 ( 950/sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "9th", "urls": [] }, { "value": "K. Wolvertem S.C", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wolvertem", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wolvertem", "summary": "Meise ( Dutch pronunciation : [ ˈmɛi̯sə ] ) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant . The municipality comprises the towns of Meise proper and Wolvertem ( a deelgemeente ) , and , several smaller villages like Sint-Brixius-Rode , Oppem , Meusegem , Impde/Imde , Rossem , Westrode and quarters as Bouchout , Nerom and Slozen . As of January 1 , 2006 , Meise had a total population of 18,464 . The total area is 34.82 km² which gives a population density of 530 inhabitants per km² . Meise is also a last name of a few families originating from Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Flemish Brabant", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Flemish_Brabant", "summary": "Flemish Brabant ( Dutch : Vlaams-Brabant [ ˌvlaːmzˈbraːbɑnt ] ( listen ) , French : Brabant flamand ) is a province of Flanders , one of the three regions of Belgium . It borders on ( clockwise from the North ) the Belgian provinces of Antwerp , Limburg , Liège , Walloon Brabant , Hainaut and East Flanders . Flemish Brabant also surrounds the Brussels-Capital Region . Its capital is Leuven . It has an area of 2,118 km2 ( 818 sq mi ) which is divided into two administrative districts ( arrondissementen in Dutch ) containing 65 municipalities . As of January 2019 , Flemish Brabant has a population of 1,146,175 . Flemish Brabant was created in 1995 by the splitting of the former province of Brabant into three parts : two new provinces , Flemish Brabant and Walloon Brabant ; and the Brussels-Capital Region , which no longer belongs to any province . The split was made to accommodate the eventual division of Belgium in three regions ( Flanders , Wallonia and the Brussels-Capital Region ) . It is a province with a rich cultural history and a great diversity of typical products , among them several of the world-famous Belgian beers . The province is made up of two arrondissements . The Halle-Vilvoorde Arrondissement has Brussels in its middle and is therefore mainly a residential area , even though it also has large industrial zones and contains Belgium 's main airport . The other arrondissement is the Leuven Arrondissement , centered on Leuven ." } ] }, { "value": "11th", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "The final clubs", "section_text": "", "uid": "Belgian_Promotion_B_0", "intro": "The Belgian Fourth Division B was one of the four leagues at the fourth level of the Belgian football league system, the other ones being the Belgian Fourth Division A, C and D. This division existed from the 1952-53 to 2015-16 seasons and was played every year with 16 clubs in each league. The league was replaced by Belgian Second Amateur Division." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander_of_the_Swedish_Armed_Forces", "title": "Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces", "header": [ "No", "Name", "Took office", "Left office", "Time in office", "Defence branch" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thörnell , Olof General Olof Thörnell ( 1877-1977 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Olof_Thörnell", "summary": "General Olof Gerhard Thörnell ( 19 October 1877 - 25 July 1977 ) was a Swedish Army officer . He was Sweden 's first Supreme Commander from 8 December 1939 until 1944 . Before 1939 that had been the role of the King ." } ] }, { "value": "8 December 1939", "urls": [] }, { "value": "31 March 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4 years , 114 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jung , Helge General Helge Jung ( 1886-1978 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Helge_Jung", "summary": "General Helge Victor Jung ( 23 March 1886 - 3 January 1978 ) was a Swedish Army officer . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1944 to 1951 ." } ] }, { "value": "1 April 1944", "urls": [] }, { "value": "31 March 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6 years , 364 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swedlund , Nils General Nils Swedlund ( 1898-1965 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nils_Swedlund", "summary": "General Nils Per Robert Swedlund ( 16 May 1898 - 28 June 1965 ) was a Swedish Army officer who was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1951 to 1961 . He was one of the strongest advocates for a Swedish nuclear weapons program . He worked hard to convince the government that they were necessary ." } ] }, { "value": "1 April 1951", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 September 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10 years , 182 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rapp , Torsten General Torsten Rapp ( 1905-1993 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Torsten_Rapp", "summary": "General Bo Torsten Rapp ( 20 April 1905 - 23 March 1993 ) was a Swedish Air Force officer . As the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1961 to 1970 , he was the first Supreme Commander who did not come from the Swedish Army ." } ] }, { "value": "1 October 1961", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 September 1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8 years , 364 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Air Force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force", "summary": "The Swedish Air Force ( Swedish : Svenska Flygvapnet or just Flygvapnet ) is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Synnergren , Stig General Stig Synnergren ( 1915-2004 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stig_Synnergren", "summary": "General Stig Gustaf Eugén Synnergren ( 25 February 1915 - 29 April 2004 ) was a Swedish Army officer who was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1970 to 1978 . Synnergren was a strong advocate for the conscription system and during his time as Supreme Commander the combat aircraft Saab 37 Viggen was introduced . Synnergren was famous for advancing from the rank of captain to becoming the youngest general in the modern times in just five years ." } ] }, { "value": "1 October 1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 September 1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7 years , 364 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ljung , Lennart General Lennart Ljung ( 1921-1990 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lennart_Ljung_(general)", "summary": "General Karl Hilmer Lennart Ljung ( 13 March 1921 - 19 November 1990 ) was a Swedish Army officer who served as Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1978 to 1986 . During Ljung 's eight years as Supreme Commander many events of importance for Swedish security and defense policy occurred . Sweden had five different governments under four prime ministers from different political sides . Olof Palme was murdered , the submarine incidents culminated with the Soviet submarine U 137 running aground in Karlskrona and the decision of developing a new fighter aircraft came through ." } ] }, { "value": "1 October 1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 September 1986", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7 years , 364 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gustafsson , Bengt General Bengt Gustafsson ( 1933-2019 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bengt_Gustafsson_(general)", "summary": "General Sten Bengt Gustaf Gustafsson ( 2 December 1933 - 15 March 2019 ) was a Swedish Army officer . He served as the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1986 to 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "1 October 1986", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 June 1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7 years , 272 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wiktorin , Owe General Owe Wiktorin ( born 1940 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Owe_Wiktorin", "summary": "Owe Erik Axel Wiktorin ( born 7 May 1940 ) , is a Swedish Air Force general . Wiktorin was Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1994 to 2000 . His time as Supreme Commander was marked by major cutbacks of the Swedish defense ." } ] }, { "value": "1 July 1994", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 June 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5 years , 365 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Air Force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force", "summary": "The Swedish Air Force ( Swedish : Svenska Flygvapnet or just Flygvapnet ) is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces ." } ] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hederstedt , Johan General Johan Hederstedt ( born 1943 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Johan_Hederstedt", "summary": "Johan Ivar Hederstedt ( born 26 August 1943 ) is Swedish Army general . Hederstedt became an officer in 1966 and served at Älvsborg Regiment ( I 15 ) and Northern Småland Regiment ( I 12 ) in the 1960s and 1970s . Hederstedt served with UNFICYP in Cyprus and UNIFIL in Lebanon before becoming commanding officer of the Life Guards Brigade ( MekIB 1 ) in 1988 . He was commanding officer of the Western Army Division from 1993 to 1996 and was International Operations Commander at the Swedish Armed Forces Headquarters . Hederstedt was then Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 2000 to 2003 ." } ] }, { "value": "1 July 2000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "31 December 2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3 years , 184 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Syrén , Håkan General Håkan Syrén ( born 1952 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Håkan_Syrén", "summary": "General Håkan Erik Gunnar Syrén ( born 31 January 1952 ) is a retired officer of the Swedish Coastal Artillery/Swedish Amphibious Corps and former chairman of the European Union Military Committee . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 1 January 2004 to 25 March 2009 , and was the first Supreme Commander to come from the Navy ." } ] }, { "value": "1 January 2004", "urls": [] }, { "value": "24 March 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5 years , 82 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Navy ( Amphibious Corps )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Navy", "summary": "The Swedish Royal Navy ( Swedish : Svenska marinen ) is the naval branch of the Swedish Armed Forces . It is composed of surface and submarine naval units - the Royal Fleet ( Kungliga Flottan ) - as well as marine units , the Amphibious Corps ( Amfibiekåren ) . In Swedish , vessels of the Swedish Navy are given the prefix HMS , short for Hans/Hennes majestäts skepp ( His/Her Majesty 's Ship ) . In English , this is often changed to HSwMS ( His Swedish Majesty 's Ship ) to differentiate Swedish vessels from those of the British Royal Navy ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Amphibious_Corps", "summary": "The Amphibious Corps ( Swedish : Amfibiekåren , Amf ) is the coastal defence arm of the Swedish Navy . Until 2000 it was known as the Coastal Artillery ( Swedish : Kustartilleriet ) , but the name was changed to reflect its different role in a post-Cold War world , where its amphibious special operations arm , Kustjägarna , has grown in significance while its coastal batteries have been decommissioned ." } ] }, { "value": "11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Göranson , Sverker General Sverker Göranson ( born 1954 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sverker_Göranson", "summary": "Sverker John Olof Göranson ( born 3 May 1954 ) is a Swedish Army general with an armoured forces background . In 1995 , he was the chief of staff of the Nordic battalion within UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Yugoslav Wars . Göranson was Inspector of the Swedish Army from 2005 to 2007 , and served as Director Joint Staff from 2007 to 2009 . He was the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces from 25 March 2009 , when he succeeded Håkan Syrén , until 1 October 2015 , when he was succeeded by Micael Bydén ." } ] }, { "value": "25 March 2009", "urls": [] }, { "value": "30 September 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6 years , 189 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Army", "summary": "The Swedish Army ( Swedish : Svenska armén ) is a branch of the Swedish Armed Forces whose main responsibility is land operations ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bydén , Micael General Micael Bydén ( born 1964 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Micael_Bydén", "summary": "General Per Micael Bydén ( born 13 June 1964 ) is the Supreme Commander of the Swedish Armed Forces , appointed on 11 September 2015 . He was earlier senior commander in the Swedish Air Force . Bydén served as the Chief of Air Force between 2012 and 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "1 October 2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Incumbent", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4 years , 124 days", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Air Force", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedish_Air_Force", "summary": "The Swedish Air Force ( Swedish : Svenska Flygvapnet or just Flygvapnet ) is the air force branch of the Swedish Armed Forces ." } ] } ], "section_title": "List of Supreme Commanders", "section_text": "", "uid": "Supreme_Commander_of_the_Swedish_Armed_Forces_0", "intro": "The Supreme Commander (Swedish: Överbefälhavaren; acronym: ÖB) is the highest ranked professional military officer in the Swedish Armed Forces, and is by NATO terminology the Swedish chief of defence equivalent. The Supreme Commander is the agency head of the Swedish Armed Forces and formally reports to the Government of Sweden, though normally through the Minister for Defence. [b] The primary responsibilities and duties of the Supreme Commander (and the charter for the Armed Forces) are prescribed in an ordinance issued by the Government. The Supreme Commander is, apart from the honorary ranks held by the King of Sweden and in the past other members of the Swedish Royal Family, by unwritten convention normally the only professional military officer on active duty to hold the highest rank (a four-star General or Admiral). An exception was made 2009-2014 when Håkan Syrén was chairman of the European Union Military Committee. The present Supreme Commander, General Micael Bydén, took office on 1 October 2015." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valleyfair", "title": "Valleyfair", "header": [ "Coaster", "Year Opened", "Manufacturer", "Description", "Thrill Rating" ], "data": [ { "value": "Corkscrew", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Corkscrew_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "Corkscrew is the name of a roller coaster at Valleyfair in Shakopee , Minnesota featuring one vertical loop and two corkscrews . Built in 1980 , Corkscrew was planned to reflect the design of its sister roller coaster Corkscrew at Cedar Point . It is notably one of the first roller coasters to feature a double corkscrew , as well as a vertical loop . The main differences that the Valleyfair model has is the addition of a finale helix and the omission of the camelback before the loop . Until the hypercoaster Wild Thing ( the fifth highest and fastest roller coaster in the world at the time it opened in 1996 ) , Corkscrew was the only outdoor all-steel roller coaster in Minnesota . Corkscrew is currently the only roller coaster at Valleyfair with inversions . The coaster 's track was painted blue when it open in 1980 but was repainted orange and yellow in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "1980", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arrow Dynamics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arrow_Dynamics", "summary": "Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement park rides , especially roller coasters . Based in Clearfield , Utah , the company was the successor to Arrow Development ( 1946-1981 ) and Arrow Huss ( 1981-1986 ) , which were responsible for several influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries . Among the most significant was tubular steel track , which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters . The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland , built in 1959 , was Arrow 's first roller coaster project . In 1975 , Arrow Development introduced the first corkscrew style track Corkscrew , at Knott 's Berry Farm that sent riders through a series of corkscrews . Arrow created several other firsts over the years , introducing the first suspended roller coaster in almost a century , The Bat , in 1981 , and the world 's first hypercoaster , Magnum XL-200 , which opened in 1989 . They built the first 4th Dimension roller coaster , X2 , which was designed by Alan Schilke in 2002 . Arrow Development 's ownership changed three times between the 1950s and 1980s . Arrow Dynamics would eventually survive two bankruptcies and spin off a sister company , Fabriweld , primarily to build track , by 1988 . Arrow Dynamics eventually closed on December 3 , 2001 . S & S Worldwide purchased part of Arrow 's remaining assets on October 28 , 2002 , and the remainder of the company was dissolved . In 2012 , Sansei Yusoki Co. of Osaka , Japan , acquired a 77.3% interest in S & S - Arrow ." } ] }, { "value": "A steel Looping roller coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster", "summary": "A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel . Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world . Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels , the steel roller coasters can provide a taller , smoother , and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster . Arrow Dynamics first introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds ( Disneyland ) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train ( Six Flags Over Texas ) in 1966 . As of 2006 , the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn , Ohio and has been operating since April 1952 . The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo ( Spain ) . It has been operating since 1928 ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cosmic Coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cosmic_Coaster_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "Cosmic Coaster is a steel junior roller coaster at Valleyfair . The ride was originally known as Dragon Coaster when it was located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom in South Whitehall Township , Pennsylvania ( USA ) . It was built in 1986 and operated from 1992 through the 2010 season . After 2010 , the Dragon Coaster was removed along with the other children 's rides in near the former Laser site . Dragon Coaster was moved to Valleyfair where it has operated since 2011 as Cosmic Coaster . Cosmic Coaster has a single train with 4 cars , each car with 2 rows of 2 seats each for a total of 16 passengers ." } ] }, { "value": "2011", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zamperla", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zamperla", "summary": "Antonio Zamperla S.p.A. is an Italian design and manufacturing company founded in 1966 . It is best known for creating family rides , thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The company also makes smaller coin-operated rides commonly found inside shopping malls . Zamperla builds roller coasters , like the powered Dragon Coaster , Mini Mouse , Zig Zag , and Volare . In 2006 , Zamperla announced Motocoaster , a motorcycle-themed roller coaster . Rights to some of S.D.C . 's rides were handed to Zamperla ( along with S & C and S & MC ) after the company went bankrupt in 1993 . In 2005 the founder of the company , Mr. Antonio Zamperla , became the first Italian to be inducted into the IAAPA Hall of Fame by virtue of his significant contribution to the entire industry , joining other pioneers such as Walt Disney , George Ferris and Walter Knott . Unlike companies such as Intamin , Vekoma , or Bolliger & Mabillard that concentrate on larger and faster roller coasters , Zamperla focuses on more family-friendly roller coasters that can be easily mass-produced , taken down , and transported to different locations . They are also a major manufacturer of flat rides with such names as : Balloon Race , Bumper cars , Disk ' O , Ferris wheel , Water Flume Ride , Galleon/Swinging Ship , Sky Drop , Discovery , Windshear , Tornado , Energy Storm , Z-Force , Mixer , Rotoshake , Turbo Force , Power Surge , and Mini Jet ." } ] }, { "value": "A kiddie roller coaster . Previously located at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom as Dragon Coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dorney_Park_&_Wildwater_Kingdom", "summary": "Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom is an American amusement and water park owned and operated by Cedar Fair and located in between Allentown , Pennsylvania and Emmaus , Pennsylvania . The park features seven roller coasters , other adult and children 's rides , and a waterpark , Wildwater Kingdom . It features some of the world 's most prominent roller coasters , including Steel Force , the ninth longest steel roller coaster in the world and the second longest on the U.S. East Coast ." } ] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Excalibur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Excalibur_(roller_coaster)", "summary": "Excalibur is a steel roller coaster with a wooden structure located at Valleyfair in Shakopee , Minnesota . It was built in 1989 by Arrow Dynamics , for the cost of $ 3,000,000 . The ride is 105 feet ( 32 m ) tall with a top speed of 54.5 mph ( 87.7 km/h ) and has a minimum height requirement of 48 inches . It follows a customized figure-eight track layout and is rather short for a major roller coaster , with a total ride duration of two minutes and thirteen seconds . Most likely due to its location at the very western edge of the park and the more recently built roller coasters such as Wild Thing , Steel Venom and Renegade , Excalibur typically has a very short wait time . A few years after the ride was built , trim brakes were added at the top of the first hill . The bottom and first half of the turn were re-profiled in an attempt to reduce roughness . The photo spot and the Excalibur Photos booth were also removed . The photo booth was replaced with a Refreshment stand , which has also been removed ." } ] }, { "value": "1989", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arrow Dynamics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arrow_Dynamics", "summary": "Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement park rides , especially roller coasters . Based in Clearfield , Utah , the company was the successor to Arrow Development ( 1946-1981 ) and Arrow Huss ( 1981-1986 ) , which were responsible for several influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries . Among the most significant was tubular steel track , which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters . The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland , built in 1959 , was Arrow 's first roller coaster project . In 1975 , Arrow Development introduced the first corkscrew style track Corkscrew , at Knott 's Berry Farm that sent riders through a series of corkscrews . Arrow created several other firsts over the years , introducing the first suspended roller coaster in almost a century , The Bat , in 1981 , and the world 's first hypercoaster , Magnum XL-200 , which opened in 1989 . They built the first 4th Dimension roller coaster , X2 , which was designed by Alan Schilke in 2002 . Arrow Development 's ownership changed three times between the 1950s and 1980s . Arrow Dynamics would eventually survive two bankruptcies and spin off a sister company , Fabriweld , primarily to build track , by 1988 . Arrow Dynamics eventually closed on December 3 , 2001 . S & S Worldwide purchased part of Arrow 's remaining assets on October 28 , 2002 , and the remainder of the company was dissolved . In 2012 , Sansei Yusoki Co. of Osaka , Japan , acquired a 77.3% interest in S & S - Arrow ." } ] }, { "value": "A steel roller coaster with a wooden structure", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster", "summary": "A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel . Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world . Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels , the steel roller coasters can provide a taller , smoother , and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster . Arrow Dynamics first introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds ( Disneyland ) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train ( Six Flags Over Texas ) in 1966 . As of 2006 , the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn , Ohio and has been operating since April 1952 . The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo ( Spain ) . It has been operating since 1928 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wooden_roller_coaster", "summary": "A wooden roller coaster is most often classified as a roller coaster with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on laminated wooden track . Occasionally , the support structure may be made out of a steel lattice or truss , but the ride remains classified as a wooden roller coaster due to the track design . The type of wood typically used in the construction of wooden coasters is Southern Yellow Pine , usually grown in the US and the rest of North America . Because of the limits of wood , wooden roller coasters , in general , do not have inversions ( when the coaster goes upside down ) , steep drops , or extremely banked turns ( overbanked turns ) . However , there are exceptions , such as the original loop on Son of Beast at Kings Island ; a corkscrew and 90-degree banked turn at Hades 360 at Mount Olympus Water and Theme Park in Wisconsin Dells , Wisconsin ; a steel structure at The Voyage at Holiday World ; and banked turns at Ravine Flyer II at Waldameer Park and Outlaw Run at Silver Dollar City ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "High Roller", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/High_Roller_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "High Roller is a wooden roller coaster located at Valleyfair in Shakopee , Minnesota . High Roller is Valleyfair 's oldest roller coaster , being built in 1976 when the park opened . It is an out-and-back type coaster , and is 70 feet ( 21 m ) at the highest peak with a top speed of 50 mph ( 80 km/h ) . It is a common misperception that High Roller is really the Cyclone from nearby Excelsior Amusement Park , which closed a few years before Valleyfair opened . However , this is not the case . While High Roller bears some similarities to Cyclone , it was a brand new ride in 1976 , and Cyclone was demolished when the Excelsior park closed ." } ] }, { "value": "1976", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rauerhorst Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rauerhorst_Corporation", "summary": "The Opus Group is a group of real estate development , construction , and design companies headquartered in Minneapolis , Minnesota . The company was previously known as Rauenhorst Construction Company . Rauenhorst was involved in the construction and engineering of Valley Fair in Shakopee , Minnesota . Among other rides , they built the High Roller roller coaster . Other projects include the Capella Tower in downtown Minneapolis , and the Ameriprise Financial Center ." } ] }, { "value": "A wooden roller coaster . It is currently the oldest coaster at Valleyfair", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wooden_roller_coaster", "summary": "A wooden roller coaster is most often classified as a roller coaster with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on laminated wooden track . Occasionally , the support structure may be made out of a steel lattice or truss , but the ride remains classified as a wooden roller coaster due to the track design . The type of wood typically used in the construction of wooden coasters is Southern Yellow Pine , usually grown in the US and the rest of North America . Because of the limits of wood , wooden roller coasters , in general , do not have inversions ( when the coaster goes upside down ) , steep drops , or extremely banked turns ( overbanked turns ) . However , there are exceptions , such as the original loop on Son of Beast at Kings Island ; a corkscrew and 90-degree banked turn at Hades 360 at Mount Olympus Water and Theme Park in Wisconsin Dells , Wisconsin ; a steel structure at The Voyage at Holiday World ; and banked turns at Ravine Flyer II at Waldameer Park and Outlaw Run at Silver Dollar City ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mad Mouse", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mad_Mouse_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "Mad Mouse is a steel Wild Mouse roller coaster at Valleyfair in Shakopee , Minnesota . It was manufactured by Arrow Dynamics and opened on May 8 , 1999 ." } ] }, { "value": "1999", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arrow Dynamics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arrow_Dynamics", "summary": "Arrow Dynamics was an American manufacturing and engineering company that specialized in designing and building amusement park rides , especially roller coasters . Based in Clearfield , Utah , the company was the successor to Arrow Development ( 1946-1981 ) and Arrow Huss ( 1981-1986 ) , which were responsible for several influential advancements in the amusement and theme park industries . Among the most significant was tubular steel track , which provided a smoother ride than the railroad style rails commonly used prior to the 1960s on wooden roller coasters . The Matterhorn Bobsleds at Disneyland , built in 1959 , was Arrow 's first roller coaster project . In 1975 , Arrow Development introduced the first corkscrew style track Corkscrew , at Knott 's Berry Farm that sent riders through a series of corkscrews . Arrow created several other firsts over the years , introducing the first suspended roller coaster in almost a century , The Bat , in 1981 , and the world 's first hypercoaster , Magnum XL-200 , which opened in 1989 . They built the first 4th Dimension roller coaster , X2 , which was designed by Alan Schilke in 2002 . Arrow Development 's ownership changed three times between the 1950s and 1980s . Arrow Dynamics would eventually survive two bankruptcies and spin off a sister company , Fabriweld , primarily to build track , by 1988 . Arrow Dynamics eventually closed on December 3 , 2001 . S & S Worldwide purchased part of Arrow 's remaining assets on October 28 , 2002 , and the remainder of the company was dissolved . In 2012 , Sansei Yusoki Co. of Osaka , Japan , acquired a 77.3% interest in S & S - Arrow ." } ] }, { "value": "A steel wild mouse roller coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster", "summary": "A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel . Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world . Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels , the steel roller coasters can provide a taller , smoother , and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster . Arrow Dynamics first introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds ( Disneyland ) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train ( Six Flags Over Texas ) in 1966 . As of 2006 , the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn , Ohio and has been operating since April 1952 . The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo ( Spain ) . It has been operating since 1928 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wild_mouse_roller_coaster", "summary": "A Wild Mouse roller coaster ( also Mad Mouse or Crazy Mouse ) is a type of roller coaster characterized by small cars that seat four people or fewer and ride on top of the track , taking tight , flat turns ( without banking ) at modest speeds , yet producing high lateral G-forces . The track work is characterized by many turns and bunny hops , the latter producing abrupt negative vertical G forces . When approaching a turn from a straight section , the intended impression is that one will simply continue straight , and thus plunge off of the device , this since there are no transition sections as are in a conventional high speed roller coaster track and the turn itself is obscured upon close approach . Almost all Wild Mice feature switchback sections , consisting of several of these unbanked turns , separated by straight sections . Usually the turns on the switchback section are 180° , but some coasters feature 90° turns as well as more rarely steep runs with loops ( for example Crazy Mouse at Tobu Zoo in Japan , which is no longer operating ) . Some riders , usually among taller people , report sustaining whiplash after being subjected to these turns . [ citation needed ] The feeling of a Wild Mouse coaster is amplified by using cars that are wider than the track itself , giving the impression that the riders are hanging off the side or that they might fly out , thus giving it the name wild . Some may include trick-track - a straight piece of track banked slightly side to side designed to throw the rider left to right . Some wild mouse coasters , such as Primeval Whirl , also have spinning cars . The modern Wild Mouse was invented by German designer Franz Mack . In the original wooden Wild Mouse coasters of the 1960s and 1970s , the cars were so small that they could only fit two adults in close contact . While the low capacity of these rides led to long lines , the cars were small by design ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Renegade", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Renegade_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "Renegade is a wooden roller coaster at Valleyfair in Shakopee , Minnesota , that was designed by Great Coasters International . It was one of the first coasters built by Great Coasters International to use their Millennium Flyer trains , which are designed to give a smoother ride . Renegade 's layout is a combination of an out-and-back and a Twister roller coaster ." } ] }, { "value": "2007", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Great Coasters International", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Great_Coasters_International", "summary": "Great Coasters International , Inc. ( GCI or GCII ) is a Sunbury , Pennsylvania-based roller coaster manufacturer which has created several award-winning rides since its formation in 1994 . Starting in 2006 with Thunderbird at PowerPark in Finland , the company expanded beyond the United States and began building coasters in Europe and Asia . Günter Engelhardt GmbH handles the company 's marketing rights in Europe . In addition to designing and building new roller coasters , GCI also refurbishes and re-tracks existing roller coasters , regardless of manufacturer . GCI designed roller coasters are known for their often curved drops , twisted layouts , and perception of high speed . Exciting elements such as the station fly-by and station fly-through have been incorporated in many of their layouts . Many GCI designed roller coasters also contain an on-ride camera midway through or towards the end of the ride ." } ] }, { "value": "A Wooden roller coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wooden_roller_coaster", "summary": "A wooden roller coaster is most often classified as a roller coaster with running rails made of flattened steel strips mounted on laminated wooden track . Occasionally , the support structure may be made out of a steel lattice or truss , but the ride remains classified as a wooden roller coaster due to the track design . The type of wood typically used in the construction of wooden coasters is Southern Yellow Pine , usually grown in the US and the rest of North America . Because of the limits of wood , wooden roller coasters , in general , do not have inversions ( when the coaster goes upside down ) , steep drops , or extremely banked turns ( overbanked turns ) . However , there are exceptions , such as the original loop on Son of Beast at Kings Island ; a corkscrew and 90-degree banked turn at Hades 360 at Mount Olympus Water and Theme Park in Wisconsin Dells , Wisconsin ; a steel structure at The Voyage at Holiday World ; and banked turns at Ravine Flyer II at Waldameer Park and Outlaw Run at Silver Dollar City ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Steel Venom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_Venom_(Valleyfair)", "summary": "Steel Venom is a steel Inverted Impulse roller coaster located at Valleyfair in Minnesota . It reaches a maximum height of 185 feet ( 56 m ) and a top speed of 68 mph ( 109 km/h ) . It is similar to the Wicked Twister roller coaster at Cedar Point , but has only one vertical spiral , as opposed to Wicked Twister with two vertical spirals , but it is identical to Possessed at Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom excepting to be shorter and it is similar to Vertical Velocity at Six Flags Great America ." } ] }, { "value": "2003", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Intamin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Intamin", "summary": "Intamin Worldwide is a designing and manufacturing company in Wollerau , Switzerland . It is best known for creating thrill rides and roller coasters worldwide . The Intamin brand name is an abbreviation for international amusement installations . The company has offices throughout the world including three in Europe , three in Asia and two in the United States . Intamin is a major player in the amusement park attractions industry , supplying 17 different styles of roller coasters , 7 different vertical rides , 8 different water rides , 5 different immersive rides , 7 different swing rides and 5 different observation attractions . The company has installed a total of 163 coasters in several countries around the globe . Intamin designed and built the first river rapids ride known as Thunder River based on the idea supplied by Bill Crandall , a past General Manager at the now defunct AstroWorld . Intamin also marketed the first Freefall ( developed by Giovanola ) experience and the first drop tower ." } ] }, { "value": "A steel Inverted Impulse roller coaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster", "summary": "A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel . Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world . Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels , the steel roller coasters can provide a taller , smoother , and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster . Arrow Dynamics first introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds ( Disneyland ) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train ( Six Flags Over Texas ) in 1966 . As of 2006 , the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn , Ohio and has been operating since April 1952 . The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo ( Spain ) . It has been operating since 1928 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Inverted_Impulse_roller_coaster", "summary": "An Impulse roller coaster is a form of a launched inverted roller coaster manufactured by Intamin . The first Impulse roller coaster appeared in Japan , and the ride type has since evolved to include four specific layouts , three of these varieties being built in the United States . It uses LIMs to launch a train out of the station and ( in most installations ) up a vertical spiral . The train then falls backwards , is powered again through the station , and heads up a back tower . The train then falls forwards , and continues in this fashion for a total of 2½ cycles per ride ( three forward launches , two backwards ) . On the final forward launch , with a slightly reduced speed , the train is sent up the front tower , and brakes then deploy on the launch track . The train then slows down and heads back into the station ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wild Thing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wild_Thing_(roller_coaster)", "summary": "Wild Thing is a hypercoaster located at Valleyfair . It is an out-and-back roller coaster with more than one mile ( 1.6 km ) of track . Its first hill is 207 feet ( 63 m ) with a 60 degree drop , and reaches speeds of up to 74 mph ( 119 km/h ) . Wild Thing 's height was set by the FAA , due to the nearby presence of Flying Cloud Airport . Designed and manufactured by D. H. Morgan Manufacturing , it was the first hypercoaster to be built by the company , opening in 1996 . It was the 5th tallest coaster in the world when it opened . The ride 's success led to the construction of Steel Force at Dorney Park in Allentown , Pennsylvania in 1997 and Mamba at Worlds of Fun in Kansas City , Missouri the next year ." } ] }, { "value": "1996", "urls": [] }, { "value": "D. H. Morgan Manufacturing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/D._H._Morgan_Manufacturing", "summary": "D. H. Morgan Manufacturing , later simply known as Morgan , was a manufacturer of roller coaster trains , custom amusement rides , roller coasters , children 's rides and other amusement devices . Founded in 1983 , the company was originally headquartered in Scotts Valley , California . In 1991 , the company moved to La Selva Beach , California and into a new 55,000 square-foot indoor manufacturing facility that also featured an acre of outdoor space . That facility was later increased to 75,000 square feet . The company produced a variety of rides from 1983 until 2001 , but is probably best known for its steel hyper coasters ." } ] }, { "value": "A steel hyper coaster . It is currently the tallest roller coaster at Valleyfair", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steel_roller_coaster", "summary": "A steel roller coaster is a roller coaster that is defined by having a track made of steel . Steel coasters have earned immense popularity in the past 50 years throughout the world . Incorporating tubular steel track and polyurethane-coated wheels , the steel roller coasters can provide a taller , smoother , and faster ride with more inversions than a traditional wooden roller coaster . Arrow Dynamics first introduced the steel roller coaster to feature tubular track to the thrill industry with their creations of the Matterhorn Bobsleds ( Disneyland ) in 1959 and the Runaway Mine Train ( Six Flags Over Texas ) in 1966 . As of 2006 , the oldest operating steel roller coaster in North America is Little Dipper at Memphis Kiddie Park in Brooklyn , Ohio and has been operating since April 1952 . The oldest operating steel rollercoaster in the world is Montaña Suiza at Parque de Atracciones Monte Igueldo ( Spain ) . It has been operating since 1928 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Hyper_coaster", "summary": "A hypercoaster is any complete circuit roller coaster with a height measuring greater than 200 feet ( 61 m ) . The term was first coined by Arrow Dynamics and Cedar Point in 1989 with the release of the first full-circuit hypercoaster in the world , Magnum XL-200 . Other roller coaster manufacturers developed their own models with custom names , including Mega Coasters from Intamin , Hyper Coasters from Bolliger & Mabillard , and Hyper-Hybrid Coasters from Rocky Mountain Construction . The competition between amusement parks to build increasingly taller roller coasters eventually led to giga coasters which exceed 300 feet ( 91 m ) and strata coasters which exceed 400 feet ( 120 m ) ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Attractions -- Roller coasters", "section_text": "", "uid": "Valleyfair_0", "intro": "Valleyfair is a 125-acre (51 ha) amusement park in Shakopee, Minnesota, United States. Owned by Cedar Fair, the park opened in 1976 and now features over 75 rides and attractions including eight roller coasters. Valleyfair also has a water park called Soak City which is included with the price of admission. Cedar Point and Valleyfair were the first two parks in the Cedar Fair chain (although Cedar Point Amusement Park originally opened in 1870) and a combination of the park names - cedar and fair - were used to name the company." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "title": "Iran at the 1994 Asian Games", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ayoub Pourtaghi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ayoub_Pourtaghi", "summary": "Ayoub Pourtaghi Ghoushchi ( Persian : ایوب پورتقی قوشچی ; born 1 January 1973 in Urmia , Iran ) is a retired amateur boxer from Iran , who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Light heavyweight ( 81 kg ) division and lost in the first round to Jean-Louis Mandengue of France . He also participated at the 1994 Asian Games and won the gold medal ." } ] }, { "value": "Boxing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 81 kg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maziar Farid-Khomami", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Karate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karate_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Karate was competed by men and women at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima , Japan . Kata was contested along with Kumite . There were 11 gold medals contested for this sport . All competition took place on October 3 , 4 and 5 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's kumite 70 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fariborz Askari", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taekwondo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Taekwondo took place from October 8 to October 9 at the 1994 Asian Games in Aki Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan . Men 's competitions held in eight weight categories for each . Each country was limited to having 4 athletes for the entire competition . South Korea topped the medal table by winning all four possible gold medals" } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 70 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nader Rahmati", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nader_Rahmati", "summary": "Nader Rahmati ( born 18 April 1966 ) is an Iranian former wrestler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 48 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ali Akbarnejad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ali_Akbarnejad", "summary": "Ali Akbarnejad ( born 16 September 1967 ) is an Iranian former wrestler who competed in the 1992 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 68 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Behrouz Yari", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 74 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Amir Reza Khadem", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Amir_Reza_Khadem", "summary": "Amir Reza Khadem Azghadi ( Persian : امیررضا خادم ازغدی , born February 10 , 1970 ) is an Iranian wrestler who won Olympic bronze medals in 1992 and 1996 . He finished fourth at the 2000 Summer Olympics , and he won the 1991 World Championships , He also won a bronze medal at the 1990 World Championships and the 1992 and 1993 Asian Championships and a silver medal at the 1991 Asian Championships and the 1994 Asian Games . He was trained by his father Mohammad Khadem , and his younger brother Rasoul Khadem was another world champion and an Olympic gold medalist of freestyle wrestling . He is currently Vice Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports in Legal , Parliamentary and Provincial Affairs , has been appointed for the position on 30 December 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 82 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rasoul Khadem", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rasoul_Khadem", "summary": "Rasoul Khadem Azghadi ( Persian : رسول خادم ازغدی , born March 18 , 1972 in Mashhad ) is a former Iranian wrestler who has won a Bronze medal in the 1992 Summer Olympics and a gold medal in the 1996 Summer Olympics . He was also the 1994 and 1995 world champion and the 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 , 1995 and 1996 Asian champion . He was trained by his father Mohammad Khadem , and he is the brother of Amir Reza Khadem . [ citation needed ] He was the president of Islamic Republic of Iran Wrestling Federation from January 4 , 2014 to November 3 , 2018 . He was also the technical director of Iran 's wrestling national teams and head coach of Iran 's freestyle wrestling national team from January 2012 to 2018 . In addition , he was elected as Executive Board member of National Olympic Committee of Iran on January 20 , 2014 , and served until January 2018 . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 90 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ebrahim Mehraban", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ebrahim_Mehraban", "summary": "Ibrahim Mehraban Roudbaneh ( Persian : ابراهیم مهربان , born 11 February 1972 ) is an Iranian former wrestler who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 130 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mohammad Reza Samadi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Samadi", "summary": "Mohammad Reza Samadi Kalkhoran ( Persian : محمدرضا صمدی کلخوران ; born 1 January 1971 ) is a retired amateur boxer from Iran , who competed in the 1996 Summer Olympics in the Super heavyweight ( +91 kg ) division and lost in the first round to Duncan Dokiwari of Nigeria . He is also a two time Asian Games silver medalist ." } ] }, { "value": "Boxing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's +91 kg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mahmoud Miran", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mahmoud_Miran", "summary": "Mahmoud Reza Miran Fashandi ( Persian : سید محمودرضا میران فشندی , born February 25 , 1974 ) more known as Mahmoud Miran was an Iranian judoka . He finished in joint fifth place in the heavyweight ( +100 kg ) division at the 2004 Summer Olympics , having lost the bronze medal match to Dennis van der Geest of the Netherlands . He lost in the first round of 100 kg division in judo during the 2000 Olympics in Sydney , Australia to Frank Möller of Germany ." } ] }, { "value": "Judo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Judo_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Judo Competition at the 1994 Asian Games was contested in sixteen weight classes , eight each for men and women . This competition was held from October 12 to October 15 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's +95 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arash Javanshir", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Karate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karate_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Karate was competed by men and women at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima , Japan . Kata was contested along with Kumite . There were 11 gold medals contested for this sport . All competition took place on October 3 , 4 and 5 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's kumite 65 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saeid Ashtian", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Karate", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karate_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Karate was competed by men and women at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima , Japan . Kata was contested along with Kumite . There were 11 gold medals contested for this sport . All competition took place on October 3 , 4 and 5 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's kumite 75 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ebrahim Saadati", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taekwondo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Taekwondo took place from October 8 to October 9 at the 1994 Asian Games in Aki Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan . Men 's competitions held in eight weight categories for each . Each country was limited to having 4 athletes for the entire competition . South Korea topped the medal table by winning all four possible gold medals" } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 76 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Farzad Zarakhsh", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Taekwondo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Taekwondo_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Taekwondo took place from October 8 to October 9 at the 1994 Asian Games in Aki Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan . Men 's competitions held in eight weight categories for each . Each country was limited to having 4 athletes for the entire competition . South Korea topped the medal table by winning all four possible gold medals" } ] }, { "value": "Men 's +83 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ayoub Baninosrat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ayoub_Baninosrat", "summary": "Ayoub Baninosrat ( Persian : ایوب بنی‌نصرت , born in Tabriz , East Azerbaijan in Iran ) is an Iranian wrestler . He finished fifth in the 90 kg freestyle wrestling division at the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona . Baninosrat was elected Pahlevan of Iran in 1992/93 & 1993/94 and is a university professor in Islamic Azad University of Tabriz ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's freestyle 100 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Reza Simkhah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Reza_Simkhah", "summary": "Majid Reza Simkhah Asil ( Persian : مجيدرضا سيمخواه اصيل , born 1 February 1970 ) is an Iranian wrestler ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's Greco-Roman 48 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hassan Babak", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hassan_Babak", "summary": "Hassan Babak ( Persian : حسن بابک , born 28 September 1960 ) is an Iranian wrestler . He competed in the men 's Greco-Roman 90 kg at the 1992 Summer Olympics ." } ] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "Wrestling was one of the sports which was held at the 1994 Asian Games in Higashi-Hiroshima Sports Park , Hiroshima , Japan between 4 October and 10 October 1994 . The competition included only men 's events ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's Greco-Roman 90 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Anoushiravan Nourian", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Anoushiravan_Nourian", "summary": "Anoushiravan Nourian ( Persian : انوشیروان نوریان ; born 25 January 1972 in Tehran ) is a retired amateur Iranian-born Australian boxer . He picked up a bronze medal in the welterweight at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima , and also competed in two editions of the Olympic Games ( 1992 and 2004 ) under different banners . Nourian 's career had been overshadowed by a doping controversy in 2000 , resulting to a ban from the Iranian boxing team at the Summer Olympics in Sydney and his emigration to Australia , where he later obtained a dual citizenship . Nourian made his official debut at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona , where he ousted his opening match to Italy 's Michele Piccirillo in men 's light welterweight division ( 63.5 kg ) , receiving a default score 5-23 . Two years later , Nourian came powerful with a bronze medal on his semifinal match 17-26 against Thailand 's Arkhom Chenglai in the welterweight category ( 70 kg ) at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima , Japan . At the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney , Nourian sought his sights to compete for the Iranian team in the light welterweight division ( 63.5 kg ) . On 17 September 2000 , the International Amateur Boxing Association banned him from the Games after he was tested positive for the steroid nandrolone , permitting his opponent Ajose Olusegun of Nigeria to walk over with an effortless victory in the first round . As a result , Nourian left the Iranian boxing squad shortly to move to Sydney , Australia , and later became a naturalized citizen in February 2004 . Pursuing his sporting career outside of Iran , Nourian trained under the boxing squad for the Australian Institute of Sport in Canberra . Twelve years after his Olympic debut , Nourian qualified for his newly joined Australian squad , as a 32-year-old veteran , in the men 's light welterweight division ( 63.5 kg ) at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens . Earlier in the process , he guaranteed a spot on the nation 's boxing team after finishing first from the AIBA Oceania Qualification Tournament in Tonga . Unlike his two previous Games , Nourian scored a convincing victory 22-51 over Seychelles ' Kitson Julie in the opening round , before losing out his next match to Italy 's Michele di Rocco with a decisive 25-33 count ." } ] }, { "value": "Boxing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 67 kg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Bronze", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bahman Azizpour", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Boxing", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 91 kg", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Boxing_at_the_1994_Asian_Games", "summary": "The Boxing Tournament at the 1994 Asian Games was held in Naka Ward Sports Center , Hiroshima , Japan from October 4 to October 13 , 1994 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Medal summary -- Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "Iran_at_the_1994_Asian_Games_2", "intro": "Iran participated in the 1994 Asian Games held in the city of Hiroshima. This country is ranked 6th with 9 gold medals in this edition of the Asiad.mu" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sponsored_sports_venues", "title": "List of sponsored sports venues", "header": [ "Name", "Location", "Type" ], "data": [ { "value": "ABB Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/ABB_Arena", "summary": "ABB Arena is the common name for the two biggest indoor arenas in Västerås , Sweden ." } ] }, { "value": "Västerås", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Västerås", "summary": "Västerås ( /ˌvɛstərˈoʊs/ VEST-ər-OHSS , US also /-ˈɔːs/ -⁠AWSS , Swedish : [ ʋɛstɛrˈoːs ] ( listen ) ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland , 100 kilometres ( 62 miles ) west of Stockholm . The city had a population of 119,372 in 2016 , out of the municipal total of 150,000 ( 2017 ) . Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality , the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AXA Sports Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/AXA_Sports_Center", "summary": "Axa Sports Center or Södertälje Event Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Södertälje , Sweden that was built opened on 2 October 1970 as Scaniarinken , with an ice hockey game where Södertälje SK defeated Djurgårdens IF , 5-2 The capacity of the arena is 6,200 but before the renovation and name change in 2005 it could host much larger numbers , with the record being 11,372 people . It is the home arena of the Södertälje SK ice hockey team and the Axa/Marlboro curling team . In February 2016 the arena was re-named back to Scaniarinken as the 10-year title deal with Axa expired ." } ] }, { "value": "Södertälje", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Södertälje", "summary": "Södertälje ( /ˌsɜːrdərˈtɛljə , ˌsʌd-/ SU ( R ) D-ər-TEL-yə ; Swedish : [ sœdɛˈʈɛ̂lːjɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the seat of Södertälje Municipality , Stockholm County , Sweden . As of 2016 , it has a population of 71,774 inhabitants . The industrial city , about 30 kilometers ( 19 mi ) southwest of Stockholm , is the home to truck maker Scania AB and one of the manufacturing arms of pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca . Its research and development facility was closed in 2012 . Its former facility was sold to a consortium of PEAB and Acturum , the acquisition department of the Wallenberg Foundation . More than 40 percent of Södertälje 's inhabitants have foreign backgrounds , and this proportion increases by 1.5 percent per year . Assyrians/Syriacs are the largest groups of immigrants in Södertälje ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Behrn Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Behrn_Arena", "summary": "Behrn Arena , mostly known by its previous name Eyravallen , is a football stadium in Örebro , Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish top flight Allsvenskan . The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923 . The stadium has been developed during the last couple of years . The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961 , and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF , on 13 May 2018 . The stadium 's grass is astroturf since 2003 , and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface . This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas . Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Örebro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Örebro", "summary": "Örebro ( /ˌɜːrəˈbruː/ UR-ə-BROO , Swedish : [ œrɛˈbruː ] ( listen ) ) is a city with 124,027 inhabitants , the seat of Örebro Municipality and the capital of Örebro County in Sweden . It is the sixth largest city in Sweden and one of the largest inland hubs of the country . It is located near the lake of Hjälmaren , although a few kilometres inland along the small river Svartån . Örebro is home to Örebro University , a major university hospital , a medieval castle , the water park Gustavsvik as well as several large shopping malls and the Oset-Rynningeviken nature reserve at the lakefront ." } ] }, { "value": "Football stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Coop Norrbotten Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Coop_Norrbotten_Arena", "summary": "Coop Norrbotten Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Luleå , Sweden . The seating capacity of the arena is 6,300 , and it is the home arena of the Luleå HF ice hockey team ." } ] }, { "value": "Luleå", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Luleå", "summary": "Luleå ( /ˈluːleɪoʊ/ LOO-lay-oh , Swedish : [ ˈlʉ̌ːlɛɔ ] ( listen ) , locally [ ˈlʉ̌ːlɛ ] ( listen ) ; Westrobothnian : Lul , Leul , or Leol [ ²lʉːɽ ] , locally [ ²lewɽ ] ; Lule Sami : Luleju ) is a city on the coast of northern Sweden , and the capital of Norrbotten County , the northernmost county in Sweden . Luleå has 48,728 inhabitants in its urban core ( 2018 ) and is the seat of Luleå Municipality ( with a total population of 76,770 ) . Luleå has the seventh biggest harbor in Sweden for shipping goods . It has a large steel industry and is a center for extensive research . Luleå University of Technology is one of Sweden 's three technology universities ( the other two are KTH and Chalmers ) and the northernmost university in Sweden ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "E.ON Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/E.ON_Arena", "summary": "NHK Arena , formerly E.ON Arena , Sydkraft Arena and Timrå Isstadion , is an indoor sporting arena located in Timrå , Sweden . It is the home arena of the Timrå IK ice hockey team . The current capacity is 6,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Timrå", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Timrå", "summary": "Timrå ( pronunciation ) is a locality and the seat of Timrå Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden with 10,443 inhabitants in 2010 . It is located about 13 km north of Sundsvall ( a town with a metropolitan area of some 100,000 inhabitants ) , and could arguably be considered a satellite to that town . The two closest cities ( Sundsvall and Härnösand ) share one airport , Midlanda , that is geographically located in Timrå . Indalsälven , one of Sweden 's largest rivers with a length of 430 km , meets the Gulf of Botnia in Timrå . In Sweden , Timrå is mainly known for its ice hockey club Timrå IK , which , as of season 2018/19 plays in the Swedish top division SHL . In 1995 , Swedish artist Bengt Lindström constructed the Y , a 30 meter high sculpture located in Timrå . Local legend says that Sörberge , on the north side of the town , is haunted by a tall man wearing a very large coat called 'Stor Bubbas ' ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ericsson Globe", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ericsson_Globe", "summary": "Ericsson Globe , originally known as Stockholm Globe Arena and commonly referred to in Swedish simply as Globen ( pronounced [ ˈɡlǔːbɛn ] ( listen ) ; the Globe ) , is an indoor arena located in Stockholm Globe City , Johanneshov district of Stockholm , Sweden . The Ericsson Globe is the largest hemispherical building on Earth and took two and a half years to build . Shaped like a large white ball , it has a diameter of 110 meters ( 361 feet ) and an inner height of 85 meters ( 279 feet ) . The volume of the building is 605,000 cubic meters ( 21,188,800 cubic feet ) . It has a seating capacity of 16,000 spectators for shows and concerts , and 13,850 for ice hockey . It represents the Sun in the Sweden Solar System , the world 's largest scale model of the Solar System ." } ] }, { "value": "Stockholm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockholm", "summary": "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fjällräven Center", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fjällräven_Center", "summary": "Fjällräven Center ( formerly Swedbank Arena ) is an indoor sporting arena located in Örnsköldsvik , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 7,350 for ice hockey games and 9,800 for concerts , and the arena was opened on 26 August 2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "Örnsköldsvik", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Örnsköldsvik", "summary": "Örnsköldsvik ( Swedish pronunciation : [ œɳɧœldsˈviːk ] ) is a locality and the seat of Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden , with 32,953 inhabitants in 2017 . Its natural harbour and archipelago is in the Gulf of Bothnia and the northern boundaries of the High Coast area . It is well known as an exporter of pulp and paper products and heavy machinery goods . It has a strong environmental record and is the testbed for ethanol-powered cars ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Friends Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Friends_Arena", "summary": "Friends Arena , also known as Nationalarenan , is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm , Sweden . Located next to the lake Råstasjön in Solna , just north of the City Centre , it is the biggest stadium in Scandinavia . Since its opening , the venue has served as Sweden 's national stadium for men 's football , hence its name . The main tenants of the stadium are Sweden 's men 's national football team and Allsvenskan football club AIK ; both relocated from their previous home at the Råsunda Stadium . The venue has a total capacity of 65,000 at concerts and 50,000 seated at football matches , but the stadium can be scaled down to provide for smaller events with approximately 20,000 guests ." } ] }, { "value": "Solna", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Solna_Municipality", "summary": "Solna Municipality ( Swedish : Solna kommun or Solna stad , IPA : [ ˈsôːlna ] ) is a municipality in Stockholm County in Sweden , located just north of the Stockholm City Centre . Its seat is located in the town of Solna , which is a part of the Stockholm urban area . The municipality is a part of Metropolitan Stockholm . None of the area is considered rural , which is unusual for Swedish municipalities , which normally are of mixed rural/urban character . Solna is the third smallest municipality in Sweden in terms of area . Solna borders Stockholm Municipality to the south , southeast and northwest ; to Sundbyberg Municipality to the west ; to Sollentuna Municipality to the north ; and finally to Danderyd Municipality to the northeast . The boundary with Danderyd Municipality is delineated by the Stocksundet sea strait . There are two parishes in Solna Municipality : Råsunda ( population 29,677 ) and Solna ( population 28,317 ) . Solna is divided into eight traditional parts with no administrative functions : Bergshamra , Haga , Hagalund , Huvudsta , Järva , Råsunda , Skytteholm and Ulriksdal . The largest districts are Råsunda , Hagalund and Huvudsta , with the Solna Centrum in between them . With few exceptions , Solna 's built-up areas have a suburban character , but there are also several large parks and Friends Arena , Sweden 's new national football stadium adjacent to the Solna station of Stockholm commuter rail . The final matches of both the 1958 FIFA ( men 's ) World Cup and the 1995 FIFA Women 's World Cup were played at Råsunda Stadium , the national football stadium from 1937 to 2012 ( demolished in 2013 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Football stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "FM Mattsson Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/FM_Mattsson_Arena", "summary": "Jalas Arena , formerly named Smidjegrav Arena and FM Mattsson Arena , is an indoor sporting arena located in Mora , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 4,500 and it was built in 1967 . It is the home arena of the Mora IK ice hockey team . It was one of two sites for the 2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships , along with Ejendals Arena in Leksand . The venue was renamed Smidjegrav Arena on 26 June 2015 following the expiration of FM Mattsson 's naming rights deal ." } ] }, { "value": "Mora", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mora,_Sweden", "summary": "Mora is a locality and the seat of Mora Municipality in Dalarna County , Sweden , with 10,896 inhabitants in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gavlerinken Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gavlerinken_Arena", "summary": "Monitor ERP Arena , formerly named Gavlerinken Arena ( 2014-2019 ) , Läkerol Arena ( 2006-2014 ) and Gavlerinken ( 1967-2006 ) , is an indoor sporting arena located in Gävle , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 7,909 for ice hockey games and 11,000 for concerts which makes it the 8th largest ice hockey arena in Sweden . The arena is the home arena of the Brynäs IF ice hockey team . The arena is partly powered by two 4 kW vertical axis wind turbine manufactured by Urban Green Energy ." } ] }, { "value": "Gävle", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gävle", "summary": "Gävle ( pronounced [ ˈjɛ̌ːvlɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in Sweden , the seat of Gävle Municipality and the capital of Gävleborg County . It had 100 603 inhabitants in 2017 , which makes it the 13th most populated city in Sweden . It is the oldest city in the historical Norrland ( Sweden 's Northern Lands ) , having received its charter in 1446 from Christopher of Bavaria . However , Gävle is far nearer the greater Stockholm region than it is to the other major settlements in Norrland . In recent years , the city has received a lot of international attention due to its large Yule Goat figure made of straw - the Gävle Goat . The goat is erected in December each year and is often subsequently vandalised , usually by someone setting it on fire . The goat has now become a symbol for the city and is being used for various marketing purposes ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kinnarps Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kinnarps_Arena", "summary": "Kinnarps Arena is an ice hockey venue in Jönköping , Sweden . The arena , which is located in the Rosenlund district of Jönköping , was built between September 1999 and September 2000 . It was literally built around and on top of the old arena Rosenlundshallen while HV71 was still playing their regular season games . To improve HV71 's youth programme a training facility connected to Kinnarps Arena was built and stood ready for use in May 2001 . In December 2003 the decision to expand the arena for season 2004-05 with another 1,000 seats , a restaurant , a sports bar , a café , a sky bar , new conference rooms and boxes , was made . In the pre-season of 2007-08 HV71 invested in a new LED scoreboard , measuring 6.2 by 10.5 feet , capable of a display surpassing any LED scoreboards currently installed in Sweden . The scoreboard is a Daktronics Prostar Video 10 mm indoor display and resembles the boards used in General Motors Place and Scottrade Center in NHL , and in Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy in France . Kinnarps Arena was designed by Flensborns arkitektkontor and Skanska as contractor , with Kinnarps AB financing the project . Future proprietor and owner of the arena is HV71 Fastighets AB , a subsidiary to HV71 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jönköping", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jönköping", "summary": "Jönköping ( /ˈjɜːn ( t ) ʃɜːpɪŋ/ , Swedish : [ ˈjœ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in southern Sweden with 93,797 inhabitants ( 2015 ) . Jönköping is situated at the southern end of Sweden 's second largest lake , Vättern , in the province of Småland . The city is the seat of Jönköping Municipality , which has a population of 134,785 ( 2016 ) and is Småland 's most populous municipality . Jönköping is also the seat of Jönköping County which has a population of 341,235 ( 2013 ) . Jönköping is the seat of a district court and a court of appeal as well as the Swedish National Courts Administration . It is the seat of the Swedish Board of Agriculture ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Löfbergs Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Löfbergs_Arena", "summary": "Löfbergs Arena is an arena located in Karlstad , Sweden , situated just above the river delta of Klarälven . It is primarily used for ice hockey , and is the home arena of Färjestad BK . It opened in 2001 following a complete overhaul and major expansion of the previously existing arena Färjestads Ishall . It replaced Färjestads Ishall as the home of Färjestad and has a capacity of 8,647 people . The name of the arena comes from the coffee roastery Löfbergs ." } ] }, { "value": "Karlstad", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Karlstad", "summary": "Karlstad ( US : /ˈkɑːrlstɑːd/ , Swedish : [ ˈkɑ̌ːɭsta ( d ) ] ( listen ) ) is a city , the seat of Karlstad Municipality , the capital of Värmland County , and the largest city in the province Värmland in Sweden . The city had 61,492 inhabitants in 2015 with 90,882 inhabitants in the wider municipality in 2017 , and is the 21st biggest municipality in Sweden . Karlstad has a university and a cathedral . Karlstad is built on the river delta where Sweden 's longest river , Klarälven , runs into Sweden 's largest lake , Vänern . It has the second largest lake port in the country after Västerås . Karlstad is often associated with sunshine and the symbol for Karlstad is a smiling sun . Karlstad is reputed to be one of the sunniest towns in Sweden and a local waitress , known as Sola i Karlstad ( the Sun in Karlstad ) for her sunny disposition , is also commemorated with a statue ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Myresjöhus Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Myresjöhus_Arena", "summary": "Myresjöhus Arena is a football stadium in Växjö , Sweden and the home of Superettan club Östers IF . The stadium is a part of a large redevelopment of the area formerly known as Värendsvallen into Arenastaden , which also includes a new ice hockey arena , floorball arena and a dedicated indoor athletics arena ." } ] }, { "value": "Växjö", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Växjö", "summary": "Växjö ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈvɛ̂kːɧœ ] ) is a city and the seat of Växjö Municipality , Kronoberg County , Sweden . It had 66,275 inhabitants ( 2016 ) out of a municipal population of 90,721 ( 2017 ) . It is the administrative , cultural , and industrial centre of Kronoberg County and the episcopal see of the Diocese of Växjö . The town is home to Linnaeus University ." } ] }, { "value": "Football stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Norrporten Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norrporten_Arena", "summary": "Idrottsparken , Sundsvalls idrottspark , formerly Norrporten Arena ( 2006-2016 ) , is a multi-purpose stadium in Sundsvall , Sweden . It was opened on 6 August 1903 . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of GIF Sundsvall and Sundsvalls DFF . The stadium holds 7,700 people during football matches . The stadium was expanded in 2002 and was also called Sundsvall Park Arena during concerts 2002-2006 ." } ] }, { "value": "Sundsvall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sundsvall", "summary": "Sundsvall ( Swedish : [ ˈsɵ̂nː ( d ) sval ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the seat of Sundsvall Municipality in Västernorrland County , Sweden . It has a population of 51,354 as of 2010 ; more than 95,000 live in the municipal area ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PEAB Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/PEAB_Arena", "summary": "PEAB Arena is an indoor arena in Nyköping , Sweden . Its current capacity is 5,500 and it was built in 2003 . It was the home arena of the Nyköpings Hockey ice hockey team . It has been named after the construction company PEAB ." } ] }, { "value": "Nyköping", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nyköping", "summary": "Nyköping ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈnŷːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ) is a locality and the seat of Nyköping Municipality , Södermanland County , Sweden with 32,759 inhabitants as of 2017 . The city is also the capital of Södermanland County . Including Arnö , the locality on the southern shore of the bay just a couple of kilometres from the city centre , Nyköping would have 33,762 inhabitants according to the same SCB source . Commonly , Arnö is referred to as a part of the city proper . It forms a wider conurbation with the neighbouring minor municipality and town of Oxelösund 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) south of its outskirts . Nyköping literally translates as Newmarket into English . The prefix Ny is translated as New and köping is an old Swedish word for a market place and a commonly used suffix for cities in the south central region of the country . The city is located near the open Baltic Sea coast , and is regarded as a coastal location . Nyköping is also the home of Stockholm Skavsta Airport which is located less than 10 kilometres ( 6.2 mi ) from the city centre . Nyköping is part of the wider area of the Mälaren Valley , located around 100 kilometres ( 62 mi ) from inner Stockholm . It retains an oceanic/continental climate hybrid , causing warm summers and snowy winters ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Saab Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Saab_Arena", "summary": "Saab Arena , formerly named Cloetta Center between 2004-2014 , is an arena in Linköping , Sweden . It opened in September 2004 and holds 8,500 people during sport events and 11,500 during concerts . On its opening , it became the new home ice for the ice hockey team Linköpings HC , replacing Stångebro Ishall . The arena has hosted a Melodifestivalen semi-final five times : in 2005 , 2008 , 2011 , 2017 and 2020 . Some other notable music acts include Deep Purple , Europe , John Fogerty , Toto , W.A.S.P . and Whitesnake ." } ] }, { "value": "Linköping", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Linköping", "summary": "Linköping ( Swedish : [ ˈlɪ̂nːˌɕøːpɪŋ ] ( listen ) ) is a city in southern Sweden , with 161,499 inhabitants as of 2019 . It is the 5th largest city in Sweden . It is the seat of Linköping Municipality and the capital of Östergötland County . Linköping is also the episcopal see of the Diocese of Linköping ( Church of Sweden ) and is well known for its cathedral . Linköping is the center of an old cultural region and celebrated its 700th anniversary in 1987 . Dominating the city 's skyline from afar is the steeple of the cathedral , Domkyrka . Nowadays , Linköping is known for its university and its high-technology industry . Linköping wants to create a sustainable development of the city and therefore plans to become a carbon-neutral community by 2025 . Located on the Östergötland Plain , Linköping is closely linked to Norrköping , roughly 40 kilometres ( 25 mi ) to the east , near the sea ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose indoor arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Skellefteå Kraft Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skellefteå_Kraft_Arena", "summary": "Skellefteå Kraft Arena is an indoor sporting arena located in Skellefteå , Sweden . The capacity of the arena is 5,801 and it was built in 1966 . It is the home arena of the SHL 's Skellefteå AIK as well as Hockeyettan 's SK Lejon . The arena is named after Skellefteå Kraft , a Swedish power company ." } ] }, { "value": "Skellefteå", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Skellefteå", "summary": "Skellefteå ( Swedish : [ ɧɛˈlɛ̌ftɛɔ ] , locally [ ʂɛˈlɛ̌ftɛ ] ( listen ) ) is a city and the seat of Skellefteå Municipality in Västerbotten County , Sweden , with 32,775 inhabitants in 2010 . The municipality had approximately 72,000 inhabitants at the end of 2013 . The city is a historically industrial city with mining being a large industry , especially for gold - hence the nickname Gold Town . Politically it is a Social Democratic stronghold . The city is a well-known ice hockey town , with its main team Skellefteå AIK playing in the Swedish top division : the SHL , which they have won on several occasions . The city was incorporated in 1845 and grew to its current population size mostly in the 1950s and 1960s , growing only slowly since . It is the second largest city in Västerbotten after Umeå and is located roughly halfway between it and Luleå . The Skellefte River passes through the city and it is located around 15 kilometres ( 9.3 mi ) from the Bothnian Bay open sea . Skellefteå is served by Skellefteå Airport , abbreviated as SKF locally known as Falmark because of the village nearby , also around 15 kilometres ( 9.3 mi ) from the city centre to the south ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swedbank Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swedbank_Park", "summary": "Solid Park Arena , previously known as Swedbank Park , is a multi-use stadium in Västerås , Sweden . It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of Västerås SK Fotboll . The stadium holds 7,044 people and was opened in 2008 . It replaced Arosvallen as the home of Västerås SK . In January 2016 there was a namechange from Swedbank Park to Solid Park Arena after IT company Solid Park bought the naming rights ." } ] }, { "value": "Västerås", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Västerås", "summary": "Västerås ( /ˌvɛstərˈoʊs/ VEST-ər-OHSS , US also /-ˈɔːs/ -⁠AWSS , Swedish : [ ʋɛstɛrˈoːs ] ( listen ) ) is a city in central Sweden on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province of Västmanland , 100 kilometres ( 62 miles ) west of Stockholm . The city had a population of 119,372 in 2016 , out of the municipal total of 150,000 ( 2017 ) . Västerås is the seat of Västerås Municipality , the capital of Västmanland County and an episcopal see ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose stadium", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tegera Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tegera_Arena", "summary": "Tegera Arena is an arena in Leksand , Sweden primarily used for ice hockey , and is the home arena of Leksands IF . It opened in October 2005 and holds 7,650 people ." } ] }, { "value": "Leksand", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leksand", "summary": "Leksand ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈlɛ̂kːsand ] ( listen ) ) is a locality and the seat of Leksand Municipality in Dalarna County , Sweden , with 5,934 inhabitants in 2010 ." } ] }, { "value": "Ice hockey arena", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tele2 Arena", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tele2_Arena", "summary": "Tele2 Arena ( Swedish pronunciation : [ tɛlɛˈtuː aˈrěːna , - aˈrêː- ] ) is a retractable roof multi-purpose stadium in Stockholm Globe City , Johanneshov , just south of Stockholm City Centre , Sweden . It is used mostly for concerts and football matches , hosting the home matches of Allsvenskan teams Djurgårdens IF and Hammarby IF . The arena has a capacity of 30,000 to 35,000 spectators for football matches , depending on the number of people standing , and its facilities fulfill the requirements of FIFA and UEFA for hosting international games and tournaments . When configured for concerts , the arena has a capacity of 45,000 ." } ] }, { "value": "Stockholm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockholm", "summary": "Stockholm ( Swedish pronunciation : [ ˈstɔ̂kː ( h ) ɔlm ] ( listen ) ) is the capital and most populous urban area of Sweden . 972,647 people live in the municipality , approximately 1.6 million in the urban area , and 2.4 million in the metropolitan area . The city stretches across fourteen islands where Lake Mälaren flows into the Baltic Sea . Outside the city to the east , and along the coast , is the island chain of the Stockholm archipelago . The area has been settled since the Stone Age , in the 6th millennium BC , and was founded as a city in 1252 by Swedish statesman Birger Jarl . It is also the county seat of Stockholm County . Stockholm is the cultural , media , political , and economic centre of Sweden . The Stockholm region alone accounts for over a third of the country 's GDP , and is among the top 10 regions in Europe by GDP per capita . It is an important global city , and the main centre for corporate headquarters in the Nordic region . The city is home to some of Europe 's top ranking universities , such as the Stockholm School of Economics , Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology . It hosts the annual Nobel Prize ceremonies and banquet at the Stockholm Concert Hall and Stockholm City Hall . One of the city 's most prized museums , the Vasa Museum , is the most visited non-art museum in Scandinavia ." } ] }, { "value": "Multi-purpose stadium", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Present naming rights -- Sweden", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_sports_venues_with_sole_naming_rights_33", "intro": "The following is a list of sports venues with sole naming rights:" }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampang_and_Sri_Petaling_lines", "title": "Ampang and Sri Petaling lines", "header": [ "Code", "Name", "Platform type", "Interchange/Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "AG1 SP1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sentul Timur", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sentul_Timur_LRT_station", "summary": "Sentul Timur LRT station or Sentul Timur is the terminal station for the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . The station is located in Sentul , a suburb of Kuala Lumpur , which is surrounded by medium density low cost housing developments . Pangsapuri Melur is the nearest residential properties to this station . Sentul is a main town area in Kuala Lumpur . It is divided into two sections namely Sentul Barat ( West Sentul ) and Sentul Timur ( East Sentul ) . Jalan Sentul and Jalan Ipoh are the two major roads servicing this area . Although , not an interchange officially , commuters may walk up to the KC02 Sentul Komuter station from Sentul Timur station . It takes approximately 15 - 20 minutes for the walking distance ." } ] }, { "value": "Terminus ( Side )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Terminus_station", "summary": "A train station , railway station , railroad station , or depot is a railway facility or area where trains regularly stop to load or unload passengers or freight or both . It generally consists of at least one track-side platform and a station building ( depot ) providing such ancillary services as ticket sales , waiting rooms , and baggage/freight service . If a station is on a single-track line , it often has a passing loop to facilitate traffic movements . The smallest stations are most often referred to as stops or , in some parts of the world , as halts ( flag stops ) . Stations may be at ground level , underground , or elevated . Connections may be available to intersecting rail lines or other transport modes such as buses , trams , or other rapid transit systems ." } ] }, { "value": "Northern terminus", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG2 SP2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sentul", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sentul_LRT_station", "summary": "Sentul LRT station is an above ground Light Rapid Station operated by Rapid Rail in Sentul Selatan , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is served by the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . This station is situated next to two secondary schools , Sentul Methodist Boys School and Wesleys Methodist School , three primary schools , and around are medium density low cost housing developments . Although , Sentul LRT station has a similar name as the KC02 Sentul Komuter station , it is of note that these two stations are quite far apart from each other ( at approximately 800 metres in walking distance ) . Sentul LRT station was opened to public in 1998 as part of the final phase of development of the STAR Line ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG3 SP3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Titiwangsa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Titiwangsa_station", "summary": "Titiwangsa station is a rapid transit interchange station in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia that allows for transfers between the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line rapid transit system ( formerly known as STAR ) at one station , and the KL Monorail . Seamless physical and fare integration was achieved on 1 March 2012 when the paid-up or restricted areas of both the LRT and monorail stations , which previously operated as two separate stations , were linked up , allowing passengers to transfer without needing to buy new tickets for the first time since the monorail became operational in 2003 . Situated at Tun Razak Road ( Malay : Jalan Tun Razak ) in the district of Pekeliling beside Titiwangsa , just beside the Pekeliling Flats ( currently was demolished ) , the stations are also located close to the Gombak River , as well as an adjoining bus station . In the future , it will be integrated with the MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interchange station with MR11 KL Monorail as well as future interchange with SSP13 MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line . ( Opening 2022 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KL_Monorail", "summary": "The KL Monorail Line is the eighth rail transit line and the one of the operational monorail systems in Malaysia . Operated by Rapid Rail , a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia , it is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 8 and coloured Light Green on official transit maps ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MRT_Sungai_Buloh_Serdang_Putrajaya_Line", "summary": "The MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya line ( MRT SSP ) or MRT 2 will be the twelfth rail transit line , the fourth fully automated and driverless rail system in Klang Valley area . It is a part of the larger rail transport system in Kuala Lumpur known as Greater KL/Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 12 and coloured Gold on transit map . It is one of three planned MRT rail lines under Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp . The Phase 1 between Kwasa Damansara and Kampung Batu is expected to be operational by July 2021 . The remaining line is expected to be operational in January 2023 . The approved rail alignment is 52.2 km in length , of which 13.5 km is underground . A total of 37 stations , 11 of them underground , will be built . The line will stretch from Sungai Buloh to Putrajaya and will include densely populated areas Sri Damansara , Kepong , Batu , Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah , Jalan Tun Razak , KLCC , Tun Razak Exchange , Kuchai Lama , Seri Kembangan and Cyberjaya . It is expected to have a ridership of 533,000 passengers per day once completed ." } ] }, { "value": "AG4 SP4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "PWTC", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/PWTC_LRT_station", "summary": "PWTC LRT station is an LRT station in Kuala Lumpur that is served by the RapidKL Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . PWTC stands for Putra World Trade Center which is a main convention and exhibition centre in Kuala Lumpur . PWTC has become the preferred venue for local and international conventions , concerts and other prestigious events in Malaysia . The station is located at Kuala Lumpur 's Golden Triangle and only 45 minutes from Kuala Lumpur International Airport ( KLIA ) and within easy walking distant of a mall , restaurants , entertainment centres and 3 - 5 star hotels . Also , about a 400-metre walk from the station , there is the KA04 Putra Komuter station served by the Seremban Line and Port Klang Line . Sunway Putra Mall shopping complex is located right next to the station ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pedestrian access to KA04 Putra for KTM Seremban Line and KTM Port Klang Line walking a distance of 600 metres", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Putra_Komuter_station", "summary": "Putra Komuter station is a Malaysian commuter train halt in Kuala Lumpur named in part after the Putra World Trade Centre located nearby . The halt forms part of a common KTM Komuter railway line shared by both the Port Klang Line and the Seremban Line . The halt is also the northernmost station in the KTM Komuter network where trains from both lines stop ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Seremban_Line", "summary": "The Seremban Line ( Malay : Laluan Seremban ) or Seremban Komuter Line ( Malay : Laluan Komuter Seremban ) is one of the three KTM Komuter Central Sector lines provided by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . Its electric trains run between Batu Caves and Pulau Sebang/Tampin , with some services terminating in Seremban . Prior to 15 December 2015 , the northern terminus of this line was Rawang . KTM Komuter is an electrified commuter train service first introduced in 1995 , catering especially to commuters in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas . It is a popular mode of transportation for commuters working in Kuala Lumpur , as they can travel to the city without the hassle of traffic congestion . Coaches are modern and air-conditioned . For those who drive to the stations/halts , 'Park & Ride ' facility is provided at a nominal charge . The system is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 1 and coloured Blue on official transit maps . It is named after its former terminus , Seremban station ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Port_Klang_Line", "summary": "Port Klang Line ( Malay : Laluan Pelabuhan Klang ) is one of the three KTM Komuter Central Sector lines provided by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . The electric trains run between Tanjung Malim and Port Klang . Prior to 15 December 2015 , the northern terminus of this line was Batu Caves . KTM Komuter is an electrified commuter train service first introduced in 1995 , catering especially to commuters in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas . It is a popular mode of transportation for commuters working in Kuala Lumpur , as they can travel to the city without the hassle of traffic congestion . Coaches are modern and air-conditioned . For those who drive to the stations/halts , 'Park & Ride ' facility is provided at a nominal charge . The line is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 2 and coloured Red on official transit maps . It is named after its terminus , Port Klang station ." } ] }, { "value": "AG5 SP5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sultan Ismail", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sultan_Ismail_LRT_station", "summary": "Sultan Ismail LRT station is a rapid transit station in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , operated by RapidKL served by the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . This station was opened in 1996 , along with 17 other LRT stations , as Phase 1 of the STAR LRT Line . It was the terminus of the Ampang-Sultan Ismail route before the extension to Sentul Timur . The Sultan Ismail LRT station stands between Sekolah Kebangsaan Lelaki Jalan Batu and Chung Kwok Primary School . The Malaysia 's leading multinational conglomerate Sime Darby head office is opposite of this station . There is an artist impression of the station erected at SK Lelaki Jalan Batu ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pedestrian access to MR9 Medan Tuanku for KL Monorail", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Medan_Tuanku_Monorail_station", "summary": "Medan Tuanku Monorail station is a Malaysian elevated monorail train station that serves as a part of the Kuala Lumpur Monorail ( KL Monorail ) , located in Kuala Lumpur and opened alongside the rest of the train service on August 31 , 2003 . This station was formerly called Wawasan Monorail station . The station is situated above Jalan Sultan Ismail , just south of Chow Kit and located east from an intersection with Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman ; it marks the start and end of the Monorail line that runs parallel along Sultan Ismail Road , until the Bukit Bintang station , after which the line turns west to Jalan Imbi at the both road intersection . The station is situated in and named after Medan Tuanku , a small district connected to Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman , Jalan Sultan Ismail and Jalan Dang Wangi via backroads ." }, { "url": "/wiki/KL_Monorail", "summary": "The KL Monorail Line is the eighth rail transit line and the one of the operational monorail systems in Malaysia . Operated by Rapid Rail , a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia , it is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 8 and coloured Light Green on official transit maps ." } ] }, { "value": "AG6 SP6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bandaraya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bandaraya_LRT_station", "summary": "Bandaraya LRT station is an elevated rapid transit station in central Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The station is on the common route shared by the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line ( originally known as STAR Line ) . The station was opened on 16 December 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , along with 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail to Ampang route . The station stands between the eastern banks of the Gombak River and an intersection between Jalan Raja Laut , a major thoroughfare along the Gombak River , and Jalan Isfahan . The station is the southernmost station along the Gombak River . The station is also within close proximity of several shopping complexes , the present Kuala Lumpur City Hall building , the Bank Negara headquarters , and Little India Precinct . The station is some 140 m from the KA03 Bank Negara station , a KTM Komuter station , to which it is linked by a footbridge . It was the first station on the line to have an interchange with another railway system and , prior to the opening of Kelana Jaya Line and remaining phases of the STAR lines , the only station of this kind , although there was no network integration in terms of fares or ticketing . Bandaraya is also close to bus stops along Jalan Raja Laut , Jalan Dang Wangi and Jalan Tuanku Abdul Rahman ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Connecting station to KA03 Bank Negara or KTM Seremban Line and KTM Port Klang Line via a 250-meter pedestrian access", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bank_Negara_Komuter_station", "summary": "Bank Negara Komuter station is a KTM Komuter train station in central Kuala Lumpur , named after the Central Bank of Malaysia headquarters located nearby . The halt forms part of a common KTM Komuter railway line shared by both the Port Klang Line and the Seremban Line . It is located at Jalan Dato ' Onn ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Seremban_Line", "summary": "The Seremban Line ( Malay : Laluan Seremban ) or Seremban Komuter Line ( Malay : Laluan Komuter Seremban ) is one of the three KTM Komuter Central Sector lines provided by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . Its electric trains run between Batu Caves and Pulau Sebang/Tampin , with some services terminating in Seremban . Prior to 15 December 2015 , the northern terminus of this line was Rawang . KTM Komuter is an electrified commuter train service first introduced in 1995 , catering especially to commuters in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas . It is a popular mode of transportation for commuters working in Kuala Lumpur , as they can travel to the city without the hassle of traffic congestion . Coaches are modern and air-conditioned . For those who drive to the stations/halts , 'Park & Ride ' facility is provided at a nominal charge . The system is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 1 and coloured Blue on official transit maps . It is named after its former terminus , Seremban station ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Port_Klang_Line", "summary": "Port Klang Line ( Malay : Laluan Pelabuhan Klang ) is one of the three KTM Komuter Central Sector lines provided by Keretapi Tanah Melayu . The electric trains run between Tanjung Malim and Port Klang . Prior to 15 December 2015 , the northern terminus of this line was Batu Caves . KTM Komuter is an electrified commuter train service first introduced in 1995 , catering especially to commuters in Kuala Lumpur and the surrounding suburban areas . It is a popular mode of transportation for commuters working in Kuala Lumpur , as they can travel to the city without the hassle of traffic congestion . Coaches are modern and air-conditioned . For those who drive to the stations/halts , 'Park & Ride ' facility is provided at a nominal charge . The line is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 2 and coloured Red on official transit maps . It is named after its terminus , Port Klang station ." } ] }, { "value": "AG7 SP7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Masjid Jamek", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Masjid_Jamek_LRT_station", "summary": "Masjid Jamek LRT station is a rapid transit station in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is the interchange station between two of Rapid KL 's light rapid transit ( LRT ) systems , namely the LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines and the LRT Kelana Jaya Line . The station is one of the only two stations that integrate the LRT lines , the other being Putra Heights station.The station is situated near , and named after the Masjid Jamek in central Kuala Lumpur . Despite being called an interchange station , up until 28 November 2011 , there were effectively two Masjid Jamek stations in operational terms . An elevated Masjid Jamek station served the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines while an underground Masjid Jamek station served the Kelana Jaya Line , each having their own ticketing systems which were not integrated with each other . Commuters had to exit one system , purchase a new ticket before entering the other system if they wanted to transfer from one line to the other . Prior to 2006 when a plaza was built above the Klang River linking the stations , Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line 's Masjid Jamek station and Kelana Jaya Line 's Masjid Jamek station were two physically separate buildings . There were limited pedestrian walkways between the two stations resulting in commuters having to be exposed to the sun and rain , and even having to cross the busy Jalan Tun Perak , just to change from one line to the other . On 28 November 2011 , the fare gates which kept the two systems separated were removed and the plaza which physically linked the two stations became part of the paid ( or restricted ) zone of a physically integrated Masjid Jamek station . This allowed commuters to transfer from one line to the other without leaving the system for the first time since the two stations became operational ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interchange station with KJ13 LRT Kelana Jaya Line", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LRT_Kelana_Jaya_Line", "summary": "The LRT Kelana Jaya Line is the fifth rail transit line and the first fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley area and forms a part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . Servicing 37 stations , the line has 46.4 km of grade-separated tracks running mostly on underground and elevated guideways . Formerly known as the PUTRA LRT , it is currently operated by Rapid KL , a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia . The line is named after its former terminus , Kelana Jaya station . The line is numbered 5 and coloured Ruby on the official transit map ." } ] }, { "value": "AG8 SP8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Plaza Rakyat", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Plaza_Rakyat_station", "summary": "Plaza Rakyat LRT station is an elevated rapid transit station in central Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The station is on the common route of the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . ( both lines originally known as STAR-LRT ) The station was opened on 16 December 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR-LRT system 's opening , along with 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail to Ampang route ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interchange station to SBK17 Merdeka for MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line via 180-metre air-conditioned covered walkway", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Merdeka_station", "summary": "The Merdeka MRT station is a mass rapid transit ( MRT ) underground station in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . It is one of the stations of the Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit ( KVMRT ) Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line and serves as an interchange station with Plaza Rakyat LRT station for LRT Ampang and Sri Petaling lines . The station was opened on 17 July 2017 under Phase Two operations of the MRT line . The station 's name translates to Independence in English and is taken from its location near the historic Stadium Merdeka ( Malay ; English : Independence Stadium ) , where the independence of the Federation of Malaya was declared on 31 August 1957 , and the covered Stadium Negara ( English : National Stadium ) . The station is located beneath Jalan Hang Jebat ( English : Hang Jebat Road ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/MRT_Sungai_Buloh–Kajang_line", "summary": "The MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang line , or known as SBK Line , is the ninth rail transit line and the second fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley area , Malaysia after the Kelana Jaya Line . It is a part of Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 9 and Green on official transit maps . It is one of three planned rail lines under Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp . The Phase 1 between Sungai Buloh and Semantan commenced service on 16 December 2016 . Phase 2 between Muzium Negara and Kajang was opened on 17 July 2017 , as a free shuttle service , by former Malaysian Prime Minister , Dato ' Seri Najib Tun Razak in a ceremony at the Tun Razak Exchange station . Full revenue service between Sungai Buloh and Kajang began the following day ." } ] }, { "value": "AG9 SP9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Hang Tuah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hang_Tuah_station", "summary": "Hang Tuah station is an interchange station in the Pudu district of Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia , between the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines ( formerly known as STAR ) and the KL Monorail . Seamless physical and fare integration was achieved on 1 March 2012 when the paid-up or restricted areas of both the LRT and monorail stations , which previously operated as two separate stations , were linked up , allowing passengers to transfer without needing to buy new tickets for the first time since the monorail became operational in 2003 . Located on the northwestern tip of Pudu , the station is in the vicinity of the Methodist Boys School , Victoria Institution , the former Pudu Prison , the Hang Tuah police station and the National Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interchange station with MR4 KL Monorail", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/KL_Monorail", "summary": "The KL Monorail Line is the eighth rail transit line and the one of the operational monorail systems in Malaysia . Operated by Rapid Rail , a subsidiary of Prasarana Malaysia , it is one of the components of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 8 and coloured Light Green on official transit maps ." } ] }, { "value": "AG10 SP10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pudu", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pudu_LRT_station", "summary": "Pudu LRT station is an elevated rapid transit station situated in Pudu , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The station serves a single line that is shared by both the Ampang Line and Sri Petaling Line . The station was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR LRT system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG11 SP11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chan Sow Lin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chan_Sow_Lin_LRT_station", "summary": "Chan Sow Lin LRT station is an at-grade rapid transit station and interchange station situated in Pudu , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The station serves as an interchange station for the Sri Petaling Line and Ampang Line , formerly known as STAR . The station is a part of the common route shared by both the Ampang Line ( Sentul Timur-Ampang ) and Sri Petaling Line ( Sentul Timur-Putra Heights ) . Beginning from July 2016 and with the completion of the LRT extension , the station was designated as the only interchange station between both lines for the new mode of operation due to the upgrading of the signalling systems . After December 2016 , train service from Ampang to Sentul Timur was restored . The station is the southernmost station for the Ampang Line . The station was opened on 16 December 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route . In the future , it will be integrated with the upcoming MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line ." } ] }, { "value": "Island", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Future interchange SSP20 with the MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya Line ( Opening 2022 )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MRT_Sungai_Buloh_Serdang_Putrajaya_Line", "summary": "The MRT Sungai Buloh-Serdang-Putrajaya line ( MRT SSP ) or MRT 2 will be the twelfth rail transit line , the fourth fully automated and driverless rail system in Klang Valley area . It is a part of the larger rail transport system in Kuala Lumpur known as Greater KL/Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 12 and coloured Gold on transit map . It is one of three planned MRT rail lines under Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp . The Phase 1 between Kwasa Damansara and Kampung Batu is expected to be operational by July 2021 . The remaining line is expected to be operational in January 2023 . The approved rail alignment is 52.2 km in length , of which 13.5 km is underground . A total of 37 stations , 11 of them underground , will be built . The line will stretch from Sungai Buloh to Putrajaya and will include densely populated areas Sri Damansara , Kepong , Batu , Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah , Jalan Tun Razak , KLCC , Tun Razak Exchange , Kuchai Lama , Seri Kembangan and Cyberjaya . It is expected to have a ridership of 533,000 passengers per day once completed ." } ] }, { "value": "AG12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Miharja", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Miharja_LRT_station", "summary": "Miharja LRT station is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after Taman Miharja ( Malay ; English : Miharja Estate ) . The station is part of the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR-LINE ) The station was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Maluri", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Maluri_LRT_station", "summary": "The Maluri station is an integrated light rapid transit ( LRT ) and mass rapid transit ( MRT ) located on the eastern fringe of Kuala Lumpur near and named after Taman Maluri ( Malay ; English : Maluri Garden ) , a residential housing estate . The station is located along Jalan Cheras ( Cheras Road ) opposite the AEON Taman Maluri shopping centre and the Sunway Velocity Shopping Mall . The Kerayong River also runs beside the station . The station comprises an elevated station serving the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR LRT ) which was opened in 1996 , and the underground station of the Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line which was opened on 17 July 2017 . Both stations are connected via a paid-area-to-paid-area elevated pedestrian linkway . Under the station naming rights granted by Mass Rapid Transit Corporation Sdn Bhd ( MRT Corp ) , the MRT station is called AEON-Maluri MRT Station ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Interchange station with the SBK22 MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang Line", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MRT_Sungai_Buloh-Kajang_Line", "summary": "The MRT Sungai Buloh-Kajang line , or known as SBK Line , is the ninth rail transit line and the second fully automated and driverless rail system in the Klang Valley area , Malaysia after the Kelana Jaya Line . It is a part of Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The line is numbered 9 and Green on official transit maps . It is one of three planned rail lines under Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp . The Phase 1 between Sungai Buloh and Semantan commenced service on 16 December 2016 . Phase 2 between Muzium Negara and Kajang was opened on 17 July 2017 , as a free shuttle service , by former Malaysian Prime Minister , Dato ' Seri Najib Tun Razak in a ceremony at the Tun Razak Exchange station . Full revenue service between Sungai Buloh and Kajang began the following day ." } ] }, { "value": "AG14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pandan Jaya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pandan_Jaya_LRT_station", "summary": "Pandan Jaya LRT station is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after Pandan Jaya , in Ampang Jaya , Selangor . The station is part of the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR , and the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines ) . The station was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route . The station shares a similar name with the neighbouring Pandan Indah station 1 kilometre northeast , leading to some confusion among passengers ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pandan Indah", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pandan_Indah_LRT_station", "summary": "Pandan Indah LRT station is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after Pandan Indah , in Ampang Jaya , Selangor . The station of the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR , and the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines ) , and was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route . The station shares a similar name with the neighbouring Pandan Jaya station 1 kilometre southwest , leading to some confusion among passengers . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cempaka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cempaka_LRT_station", "summary": "Cempaka LRT station is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after the nearby Taman Cempaka ( Malay ; English : Cempaka Estate ) , in Ampang Jaya , Selangor . The station is part of the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR , and the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines ) , and was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cahaya", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cahaya_LRT_station", "summary": "Cahaya LRT station is a Malaysian low-rise rapid transit station situated near and named after the nearby Taman Cahaya ( Malay ; English : Cahaya Estate ( Cahaya means light ) , in Ampang Jaya , Selangor . The station is part of the Ampang Line ( formerly known as STAR , and the Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines ) , and was opened on December 16 , 1996 , as part of the first phase of the STAR system 's opening , alongside 13 adjoining stations along the Sultan Ismail-Ampang route ." } ] }, { "value": "Side", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "AG18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ampang", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ampang_LRT_station", "summary": "Ampang LRT station is a Light Rail Transit station operated by rapidKL serving the Ampang Line in Ampang , Selangor , Malaysia , just outside the eastern boundary of Kuala Lumpur . It is the eastern terminus for passenger services on the line . This station was opened in 1996 , along with 17 other LRT stations ." } ] }, { "value": "Terminus ( Island )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Eastern terminus as well as the proposed interchange for the MRT Circle Line ( shelved )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MRT_Circle_Line", "summary": "The MRT 3 , MRT Line 3 or MRT Circle Line was a proposed thirteenth rail transit line , the fifth fully automated and driverless rail system in Klang Valley area . If completed , this line would form the loop line of the Greater KL/Klang Valley Integrated Transit System . The director of this project is the former chief executive officer of Rapid Rail , Dato ' Ir . Zohari Sulaiman . It was one of three planned rail lines under Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project by MRT Corp . Announcement of alignment and station locations was expected during the second quarter of 2011 . The MRT Circle Line was expected to cover the hotspots surrounding the Bandar Malaysia , Ampang , KL Ecocity , Bukit Kiara and Sentul . Interest in building the line resurfaced in early 2015 , but the project was then shelved by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad in May 2018 ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Stations -- LRT Ampang Line", "section_text": "", "uid": "Ampang_Line_0", "intro": "The LRT Ampang Line and the LRT Sri Petaling Line are light rapid transit lines in Klang Valley, Malaysia. The combined network comprises 45.1 kilometres of track (28.0 miles) with 36 stations, and is the first to use the standard gauge track and semi-automated trains in Klang Valley. A trip from one end to another takes 41 minutes on the Ampang Line, and 74 minutes on the Sri Petaling Line. The Ampang Line is named after its terminus, Ampang station, while the Sri Petaling Line is named after its former terminus, Sri Petaling station. The Ampang and Sri Petaling Lines form part of the Klang Valley Integrated Transit System, numbered 3 and 4, and are coloured Orange and Maroon on the rail map respectively." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Minor_League_Baseball_leagues_and_teams", "title": "List of Minor League Baseball leagues and teams", "header": [ "Team", "Division", "City ( all in California )", "Stadium", "Stadium capacity", "Affiliate" ], "data": [ { "value": "Inland Empire 66ers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Inland_Empire_66ers", "summary": "The Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino are a minor league baseball team in San Bernardino , California . They are the Class A Advanced affiliate of the Los Angeles Angels and play in the California League . The 66ers play home games at San Manuel Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Bernardino", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Bernardino,_California", "summary": "San Bernardino ( /ˌsæn ˌbɜːrnəˈdiːnoʊ/ ) is a city located in the Inland Empire and that serves as the county seat of San Bernardino County , California , United States . As one of the Inland Empire 's anchor cities , San Bernardino spans 81 square miles ( 210 km2 ) on the floor of the San Bernardino Valley and as of 2017 has a population of 216,995 . San Bernardino is the 17th-largest city in California and the 102nd-largest city in the United States . The governments of Guatemala and Mexico have established consulates in the downtown area of the city . California State University , San Bernardino is located in the northwestern part of the city . The university also hosts the Coussoulis Arena . Other attractions in San Bernardino include ASU Fox Theatre , the McDonald 's Museum , which is located on the original site of the world 's first McDonald 's , California Theatre , the San Bernardino Mountains , and San Manuel Amphitheater , the largest outdoor amphitheater in the United States . In addition , the city is home to the Inland Empire 66ers baseball team ; they play their home games at San Manuel Stadium in downtown San Bernardino . In August 2012 , San Bernardino became the largest city to file for protection under Chapter 9 of the U.S. Bankruptcy code ; this was superseded by Detroit 's filing in July 2013 . San Bernardino 's case was filed on August 1 . On December 2 , 2015 , a workplace shooting left 14 people dead and 22 seriously injured ." } ] }, { "value": "San Manuel Stadium", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Manuel_Stadium", "summary": "San Manuel Stadium is an open-air ballpark in downtown San Bernardino , California , United States . It opened in 1996 , replacing Fiscalini Field as the home park of Minor League Baseball 's Inland Empire 66ers of San Bernardino . Before then , the 66ers shared Fiscalini Field with CSUSB Coyotes and SBVC Wolverines . San Manuel Stadium is named after the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians , which is based in San Bernardino and paid for the naming rights . The stadium seats 8,000 people , with additional capacity provided by lawn seating ." } ] }, { "value": "5,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Los Angeles Angels", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Angels", "summary": "The Los Angeles Angels are an American professional baseball team based in the city of Anaheim , California , part of Orange County and the Los Angeles metropolitan area . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The Angels have played home games at Angel Stadium since 1966 . The current MLB franchise was established as one of the league 's first two expansion teams in 1961 by Gene Autry , the team 's first owner . Autry was a famous singing cowboy actor in a series of films in the 1930s to 1950s , and later was the subject of the Gene Autry Western Heritage Museum . The Angels name was taken by Autry in tribute to the previous original Los Angeles Angels , a Minor League franchise in the Pacific Coast League ( PCL ) , which played in South Central Los Angeles from 1903 to 1957 . He bought the rights to the Angels name from Walter O'Malley , the then-Los Angeles Dodgers owner , who acquired the PCL franchise from Philip K. Wrigley , also the owner of the parent Chicago Cubs at the time , as part of the Dodgers ' move to Southern California ." } ] }, { "value": "Lake Elsinore Storm", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lake_Elsinore_Storm", "summary": "The Lake Elsinore Storm is a Minor League Baseball team in Lake Elsinore , California , United States . It is a Class A-Advanced team of the California League , and is a farm team of the San Diego Padres . The Storm plays its home games at Lake Elsinore Diamond ( Pete Lehr Field ) , which opened in 1994 ; the park seats 7,866 fans . This team relocated three times and has been traced back to the Redwood Pioneers , then the Palm Springs Angels , and finally the Lake Elsinore Storm . As the Palm Springs Angels and later as the Storm , it had previously been the high-A affiliate of the Angels until the end of the 2000 season ( along with their former mascot , Hamlet ) , when it and the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes switched affiliations . Some former members of the Storm later became members of the Angels 2002 World Series championship team . On May 18 , 2007 , the Storm set a league record for most lopsided victory , beating the Lancaster JetHawks by a 30-0 score . Since the 2004 opening of Petco Park , the new home field of the Padres , the Storm has played one home game there toward the end of each season , as the second half of a doubleheader following a Padres daytime home game . Usually , its opponent has been the California League farm team of the Padres ' same-day opponents . In 2011 , Nate Freiman played for the Storm setting single-season club records with 22 home runs and 111 RBIs . On September 7 , 2019 , the Storm defeated the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes 11-2 to win the California League South Division Finals and advance to their sixth California League Championship Series . They will face the Visalia Rawhide , the champions of the North Division ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lake Elsinore", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lake_Elsinore,_California", "summary": "Lake Elsinore is a city in western Riverside County , California , United States . Established as a city in 1888 , it is on the shore of Lake Elsinore , a natural freshwater lake about 3,000 acres ( 1,200 ha ) in size . The city has grown from a small resort town in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to a population of well above 60,000 as of 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "Lake Elsinore Diamond", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lake_Elsinore_Diamond", "summary": "Lake Elsinore Diamond , commonly referred to as Storm Stadium , is a baseball park in Lake Elsinore , California . It is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Lake Elsinore Storm minor league baseball team , a part of the California League . The field at the Lake Elsinore Diamond is named the Pete Lehr Field ." } ] }, { "value": "7,866", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Diego Padres", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Diego_Padres", "summary": "The San Diego Padres are an American professional baseball team based in San Diego , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1969 , the Padres have won two NL pennants - in 1984 and 1998 , losing in the World Series both years . As of 2018 , they have had 14 winning seasons in franchise history . The Padres are one of two Major League Baseball teams ( the other being the Los Angeles Angels ) in California to originate from that state ; the Athletics were originally from Philadelphia ( and moved to the state from Kansas City ) , and the Dodgers and Giants are originally from two New York City boroughs - Brooklyn and Manhattan , respectively . The Padres are the only MLB team that does not share its city with another franchise in the four major American professional sports leagues . The Padres are the only major professional sports franchise to be located in San Diego , following the relocation of the Chargers to Los Angeles in 2017 . They are also the only franchise in the MLB not to have a no-hitter , having gone 8,020 games without throwing one , a major league record to begin a franchise ." } ] }, { "value": "Lancaster JetHawks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lancaster_JetHawks", "summary": "The Lancaster JetHawks are a minor league baseball team of the California League located in Lancaster , California . The team is named for the city 's association with the aerospace industry and plays its home games at The Hangar . The Lancaster JetHawks are the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Colorado Rockies . The JetHawks are the only California League team in Los Angeles County ." } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lancaster", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Lancaster,_California", "summary": "Lancaster /ˈlæn.kæstər/ is a charter city in northern Los Angeles County , in the Antelope Valley of the western Mojave Desert in Southern California . As of the 2010 census it had a population of 156,633 , and in 2018 the population was estimated at 159,053 , making Lancaster the 33rd largest city in California . Lancaster is part of a twin city complex with its southern neighbor Palmdale , and together they are the principal cities within the Antelope Valley region . Lancaster is located approximately 70 miles ( 110 km ) north ( via I-5 and SR 14 ) of downtown Los Angeles , and is near the Kern County line . It is separated from the Los Angeles Basin by the San Gabriel Mountains to the south , and from Bakersfield and the San Joaquin Valley by the Tehachapi Mountains to the north . The population of Lancaster has grown from 37,000 at the time of its incorporation in 1977 to over 159,000 as of 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Hangar ( Lancaster , California )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hangar_(Lancaster,_California)", "summary": "The Hangar , also known as Lancaster Municipal Stadium and formerly known as Clear Channel Stadium , is a stadium in Lancaster , California . It is built just off California State Route 14 . It is primarily used for baseball , and is the home field of the Lancaster JetHawks minor league baseball team of the California League . It was built in 1996 and known as the Lancaster Municipal Stadium . In 2005 , Clear Channel Communications entered into a 10-year , $ 770,000 naming rights deal with the JetHawks and the City of Lancaster . The City of Lancaster and the JetHawks will divide the revenue from the deal equally . The deal was supposed to run through the 2014 season . However , the signage stating Clear Channel Stadium was removed during the 2012 season and the stadium is known as The Hangar , its nickname since the stadium opened in 1996 , as well as Lancaster Municipal Stadium ." } ] }, { "value": "6,860", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colorado Rockies", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colorado_Rockies", "summary": "The Colorado Rockies are an American professional baseball team based in Denver , Colorado . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team 's home venue is Coors Field , located in the Lower Downtown area of Denver . The team is owned by the Monfort brothers and managed by Bud Black . The Rockies began play as an expansion team for the 1993 season , and played their home games for their first two seasons at Mile High Stadium . Since 1995 , they have played at Coors Field , which has earned a reputation as a hitter 's park . The Rockies have qualified for the postseason five times , each time as a Wild Card winner . In 2007 , the team earned its first ( and only ) NL pennant after winning 14 of their final 15 games in the regular season to secure a Wild Card position . In the 2007 World Series , they were swept by the American League ( AL ) champions Boston Red Sox in four games ." } ] }, { "value": "Modesto Nuts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Modesto_Nuts", "summary": "The Modesto Nuts are a minor league baseball team in Modesto , California , United States . They are a Class A - Advanced team in the California League and a farm team of the Seattle Mariners . The Modesto Nuts play home games at John Thurman Field . Opened in 1955 and renovated in 1997 , the park seats over 5,000 fans ( including standing room only ) . In March 2007 , the City of Modesto installed a new video scoreboard and made improvements to the infield playing surface . The Nuts adopted their current name in 2005 , after the team 's affiliation with the Oakland Athletics ended . Before then , the team was known as the Modesto Athletics ( or A 's ) . The new name was chosen to reflect the several types of nuts that are grown in the region ." } ] }, { "value": "North", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Modesto", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Modesto,_California", "summary": "Modesto /məˈdɛstoʊ/ ( Spanish for modest ) , officially the City of Modesto , is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County , California , United States . With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census , it is the 18th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Modesto-Merced combined statistical area . Modesto is located in the Central Valley , 68 miles ( 109 km ) south of Sacramento and 90 miles ( 140 km ) north of Fresno . Its distance from other places include 40 miles ( 64 km ) north of Merced , California , 92 miles ( 148 km ) east of San Francisco , 66 miles ( 106 km ) west of Yosemite National Park , and 24 miles ( 39 km ) south of Stockton . Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA numerous times . It is surrounded by rich farmland ; Stanislaus County ranks sixth among California counties in farm production . Led by milk , almonds , chickens , walnuts , and corn silage , the county grossed nearly $ 3.1 billion in agricultural production in 2011 . The farm-to-table movement plays a central role in Modesto living as in the Central Valley . Filmmaker George Lucas , who was born in Modesto , graduated from Thomas Downey High School in 1962 and attended Modesto Junior College , immortalized the city in his award-winning 1973 film American Graffiti . Although it was not actually shot in Modesto , the film portrayed the spirit of cruising and friendship on Modesto 's 10th and 11th Streets in 1962 , and inspired a revival of interest in 1950s pop culture , including the TV show Happy Days and its spin-offs . The city 's annual Architectural Festival honors Modesto 's history as a testing ground for mid-century modern architecture during the 1940s and '50s . Modesto 's mid-century buildings have been featured four times in Museum of Modern Art publications ." } ] }, { "value": "John Thurman Field", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Thurman_Field", "summary": "John Thurman Field is a stadium in Modesto , California . It is primarily used for baseball , and is the home field of the Modesto Nuts minor league baseball team of the California League . It was built in 1955 and holds 4,000 people . It was later named for California State Assemblyman John E. Thurman , from Modesto ." } ] }, { "value": "4,000", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Seattle Mariners", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Seattle_Mariners", "summary": "The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle , Washington . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The team joined the American League as an expansion team in 1977 playing their home games in the Kingdome . Since July 1999 , the Mariners ' home ballpark has been T-Mobile Park ( formerly Safeco Field ) , located in the SoDo neighborhood of Seattle . The Mariners name originates from the prominence of marine culture in the city of Seattle . They are nicknamed the M 's , a title featured in their primary logo from 1987 to 1992 . They adopted their current team colors - navy blue , northwest green ( teal ) , and silver - prior to the 1993 season , after having been royal blue and gold since the team 's inception . Their mascot is the Mariner Moose . The organization did not field a winning team until 1991 , and any real success eluded them until 1995 when they won their first division championship and defeated the New York Yankees in the ALDS . The game-winning hit in Game 5 , in which Edgar Martínez drove home Ken Griffey Jr. to win the game in the 11th inning , clinched a series win for the Mariners , served as a powerful impetus to preserve baseball in Seattle , and has since become an iconic moment in team history . The Mariners won 116 games in 2001 , which set the American League record for most wins in a single season and tied the 1906 Chicago Cubs for the Major League record for most wins in a single season . Through the end of the 2019 season , the franchise has finished with a losing record in 29 of 43 seasons ." } ] }, { "value": "Rancho Cucamonga Quakes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga_Quakes", "summary": "The Rancho Cucamonga Quakes are a minor league baseball team in Rancho Cucamonga , California , USA . They are a Class A-Advanced team in the California League and a farm team of the Los Angeles Dodgers , their third major league affiliate as the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes . The franchise was founded in Lodi , California in 1966 , with its home field as the Tony Zupo Field . The team then went through several new names and ownership changes . After changing their name from the Spirit to the Quakes in 1993 and moving to Rancho Cucamonga , the team plays its home games at LoanMart Field , where the team has broken a number of seasonal attendance records for their league . In the 2015 season , the Quakes won their second Cal League Championship in franchise history , sweeping the San Jose Giants for their first crown since 1994 . In 2018 they swept Visalia Rawhide to win their third league championship" } ] }, { "value": "South", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rancho Cucamonga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rancho_Cucamonga,_California", "summary": "Rancho Cucamonga ( /ˌræntʃoʊ kuːkəˈmʌŋɡə/ ) is a city of about 177,000 residents located just south of the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains and Angeles National Forest in San Bernardino County , California , United States . About 37 miles ( 60 km ) east of Downtown Los Angeles , Rancho Cucamonga is the 19th most populous city in southern California and the 27th state-wide . The city 's seal , which centers on a cluster of grapes , alludes to the city 's agricultural history including wine-making . The city 's proximity to major transportation hubs , airports , and highways has attracted the business of several large corporations , including Coca-Cola , Frito-Lay , Big Lots , Mercury Insurance Group , Southern California Edison , and Amphastar Pharmaceuticals . The city had a population of 165,269 according to the 2010 United States Census and the Census Bureau estimated the population to be 177,452 in 2017 . The city experiences an average of 287 sunny days per year , compared to a national average of 205 days . Its climate is classified as warm Mediterranean , or Csa , under the Köppen climate classification system . The city 's favorable location and host of public amenities have earned it numerous distinctions . Notably , Money Magazine ranked Rancho Cucamonga 42nd on its Best Places to Live list in 2006 . In addition , Insider Magazine established one Rancho Cucamonga neighborhood as the 13th richest neighborhood in Southern California . The four public high schools ( Alta Loma , Etiwanda , Los Osos , and Rancho Cucamonga ) earned the Silver distinction in a 2015 ranking of the nation 's high schools by U.S. News & World Report . In 2017 the California Department of Education announced that all four high schools were being named California Gold Ribbon Schools ." } ] }, { "value": "LoanMart Field", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/LoanMart_Field", "summary": "LoanMart Field ( previously known as the City of Rancho Cucamonga Epicenter Entertainment & Sports Complex , or The Rancho Cucamonga Epicenter for short ) is a stadium in Rancho Cucamonga , California . It is primarily used for baseball and is the home field of the Rancho Cucamonga Quakes minor league baseball team . It was opened on April 3 , 1993 , with the nickname The Epicenter , and has a seating capacity of 6,588 people . While playing home games at the stadium since 1993 , the Quakes have broken a number of stadium attendance records ." } ] }, { "value": "6,200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Los Angeles Dodgers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers", "summary": "The Los Angeles Dodgers are an American professional baseball team based in Los Angeles , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Established in 1883 in Brooklyn , New York , the team moved to Los Angeles before the 1958 season . They played for four seasons at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum before moving to their current home of Dodger Stadium in 1962 . The Dodgers have won six World Series championships and twenty three National League pennants . Eleven NL MVP award winners have played for the Dodgers , winning a total of thirteen MVP Awards ; eight Cy Young Award winners have also pitched for the Dodgers , winning a total of twelve Cy Young Awards . The team has eighteen Rookie of the Year Award winners , more than twice as many as the second place New York Yankees 8 . The Dodgers have had four consecutive Rookies of the Year from 1979 to 1982 and five in a row from 1992 to 1996 ." } ] }, { "value": "San Jose Giants", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose_Giants", "summary": "The San Jose Giants are a minor league baseball team in San Jose , California . They are a Class A - Advanced team in the Northern Division of the California League , and have been a farm team of the San Francisco Giants since 1988 and have played continuously since 1962 under several different names/affiliations . Home games are played at Excite Ballpark ." } ] }, { "value": "North", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Jose", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Jose,_California", "summary": "San Jose [ A ] ( /ˌsæn hoʊˈzeɪ , -ˈseɪ/ ; Spanish : [ saŋ xoˈse ] ; Spanish for Saint Joseph ) , officially the City of San José , [ B ] is the economic , cultural and political center of Silicon Valley , and the largest city in Northern California ( both by population and area ) . With an estimated 2018 population of 1,030,119 , it is the third-most populous city in California ( after Los Angeles and San Diego ) and the tenth-most populous in United States . Located in the center of the Santa Clara Valley , on the southern shore of San Francisco Bay , San Jose covers an area of 179.97 square miles ( 466.1 km2 ) . San Jose is the county seat of Santa Clara County , the most affluent county in California and one of the most affluent counties in the United States . San Jose is the main component of the San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara Metropolitan Statistical Area , with an estimated population of around 2 million residents in 2018 . It is also the most populous city in both the San Francisco Bay Area and the San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland Combined Statistical Area , which contain 7.7 million and 8.7 million people respectively . San Jose is a global city , notable as a center of innovation , for its affluence , Mediterranean climate , and extremely high cost of living . San Jose 's location within the booming high tech industry , as a cultural , political , and economic center has earned the city the nickname Capital of Silicon Valley . San Jose is one of the wealthiest major cities in the United States and the world , and has the third highest GDP per capita in the world ( after Zürich , Switzerland and Oslo , Norway ) , according to the Brookings Institution . The San Jose Metropolitan Area has the most millionaires and the most billionaires in the United States per capita . With a median home price of $ 1,085,000 , San Jose has the most expensive housing market in the country and the fifth most expensive housing market in the world , according to the 2017 Demographia International Housing Affordability Survey . Major global tech companies including Cisco Systems , eBay , Adobe Systems , PayPal , Broadcom , Samsung , Acer , Hewlett Packard Enterprise , and Western Digital maintain their headquarters in San Jose , in the center of Silicon Valley ." } ] }, { "value": "Excite Ballpark", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Excite_Ballpark", "summary": "Excite Ballpark , previously known as San Jose Municipal Stadium or Muni Stadium , is a baseball park in San Jose , California . It is the home of the Minor League Baseball San Jose Giants , the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the San Francisco Giants . The team plays in the Northern Division of the California League . The stadium is also home to the San Jose State University Spartans college baseball team . Local high school baseball divisions also use the ballpark as their championship field . The stadium also hosts concerts , weddings , car shows , and many other community events . It has been the home field for the San Jose Owls , San Jose Red Sox , San Jose Jo Sox , San Jose Pirates , San Jose Missions , San Jose Bees , and the San Jose Expos minor league teams . The facility is located one block from Spartan Stadium , home to the San Jose State Spartans football team . The area across Alma Avenue from Excite is home to the San Jose State practice fields for soccer , baseball , and softball . Additionally part of the stadium 's parking lot was converted into an indoor ice area , Solar4America Ice , which is the practice venue for the San Jose Sharks National Hockey League hockey team ." } ] }, { "value": "4,200", "urls": [] }, { "value": "San Francisco Giants", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants", "summary": "The San Francisco Giants are an American professional baseball team based in San Francisco , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the National League ( NL ) West division . Founded in 1883 as the New York Gothams , and renamed three years later the New York Giants , the team eventually moved to San Francisco in 1958 . As one of the longest-established and most successful professional baseball teams , the franchise has won the most games of any team in the history of American baseball . The team was the first major league team based in New York City , most memorably playing at the legendary Polo Grounds . They have won 23 NL pennants and have played in 20 World Series competitions - both NL records . The Giants ' eight World Series championships rank second in the National League and fifth overall ( the New York Yankees are first with 27 , then the St. Louis Cardinals ( the National League record-holders ) with 11 , and the Oakland Athletics and the Boston Red Sox both with 9 ) . The Giants have played in the World Series 20 times - 14 times in New York , six in San Francisco - but boycotted the event in 1904 . Playing as the New York Giants , they won 14 pennants and five World Series championships behind managers such as John McGraw and Bill Terry and players such as Christy Mathewson , Carl Hubbell , Mel Ott , Bobby Thomson , and Willie Mays . The Giants ' franchise has the most Hall of Fame players in all of professional baseball . The Giants ' rivalry with the Los Angeles Dodgers is one of the longest-standing and biggest rivalries in American sports . The teams began their rivalry as the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers , respectively , before both franchises moved west for the 1958 season ." } ] }, { "value": "Stockton Ports", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockton_Ports", "summary": "The Stockton Ports are a Minor League Baseball team of the California League and the Class A-Advanced affiliate of the Oakland Athletics . They are located in Stockton , California , and are named for the city 's seaport . The team plays its home games at Banner Island Ballpark which opened in 2005 and seats over 5,000 people . The Ports were established in 1941 and have won the California League championship eleven times . They are tied with the San Jose Giants in having the most titles among the league 's active franchises ." } ] }, { "value": "North", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stockton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stockton,_California", "summary": "Stockton is the county seat of San Joaquin County in the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California . Stockton was founded by Captain Charles Maria Weber in 1849 after he acquired Rancho Campo de los Franceses . The city is named after Robert F. Stockton , and it was the first community in California to have a name not of Spanish or Native American origin . The city is located on the San Joaquin River in the northern San Joaquin Valley and had an estimated population of 311,178 by the California Department of Finance for 2018 . Stockton is the 13th largest city in California and the 63rd largest city in the United States . It was named an All-America City in 1999 , 2004 , 2015 and again in 2017 . Built during the California Gold Rush , Stockton 's seaport serves as a gateway to the Central Valley and beyond . It provided easy access for trade and transportation to the southern gold mines . The University of the Pacific ( UOP ) , chartered in 1851 , is the oldest university in California , and has been located in Stockton since 1923 . In 2012 Stockton filed for what was then the largest municipal bankruptcy in US history , which had multiple causes including financial mismanagement in the 1990s , generous fringe benefits to unionized city employees , and the 2008 financial crisis . Stockton successfully exited bankruptcy in February 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Banner Island Ballpark", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Banner_Island_Ballpark", "summary": "Banner Island Ballpark is a baseball stadium located in Stockton , California , on the Stockton waterfront , which seats 5,200 people with 4,200 fixed seats . It is the home field of the Stockton Ports , a minor league affiliate of the Oakland Athletics in the Class A California League ." } ] }, { "value": "5,300", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Oakland Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oakland_Athletics", "summary": "The Oakland Athletics , often referred to as the A 's , are an American professional baseball team based in Oakland , California . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member club of the American League ( AL ) West division . The team plays its home games at the Oakland Coliseum . They have won nine World Series championships . One of the American League 's eight charter franchises , the team was founded in Philadelphia in 1901 as the Philadelphia Athletics . They won three World Series championships from 1910 to 1913 and back-to-back titles in 1929 and 1930 . The team 's owner and manager for its first 50 years was Connie Mack and Hall of Fame players included Chief Bender , Frank Home Run Baker , Jimmie Foxx , and Lefty Grove . The team left Philadelphia for Kansas City in 1955 and became the Kansas City Athletics before moving to Oakland in 1968 . They won three consecutive World Championships between 1972 and 1974 , led by players including Vida Blue , Catfish Hunter , Reggie Jackson , ace reliever Rollie Fingers , and colorful owner Charlie O. Finley . After being sold by Finley to Walter A. Haas Jr. , the team won three consecutive pennants and the 1989 World Series behind the Bash Brothers , Jose Canseco and Mark McGwire , as well as Hall of Famers Dennis Eckersley , Rickey Henderson and manager Tony La Russa . From 1901 to 2019 , the Athletics ' overall win-loss record is 9,028-9,452 ( .489 ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Visalia Rawhide", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Visalia_Rawhide", "summary": "The Visalia Rawhide are a Class A - Advanced minor league baseball team in Visalia , California affiliated with the major league Arizona Diamondbacks . The Rawhide play in the California League . The Rawhide have played their home games at Recreation Park since their inception in 1946 . The stadium seats about 2,700 fans . In 2009 , the City of Visalia completed a multimillion-dollar renovation and expansion of Recreation Ballpark supported by a 10-year lease with the ball club , the longest lease in franchise history . The team has had nine names , most of which reflected its changing major-league affiliates , most recently are the Minnesota Twins , Colorado Rockies , Oakland A 's , Tampa Bay Rays , and Diamondbacks . It took the name Rawhide in 2009 , after two years of fan surveys , polls , focus groups , and direction by players ." } ] }, { "value": "North", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Visalia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Visalia,_California", "summary": "Visalia ( /vaɪˈseɪliə/ vy-SAYL-ee-ə ) is a city situated in the agricultural San Joaquin Valley of California , about 230 mi ( 370 km ) southeast of San Francisco , 190 mi ( 310 km ) north of Los Angeles , 36 mi ( 58 km ) west of Sequoia National Park , and 43 mi ( 69 km ) south of Fresno . The population was 136,246 as of a 2018 U.S. Census Bureau estimate . Visalia is the fifth-largest city in the San Joaquin Valley after Fresno , Bakersfield , Stockton , and Modesto , the 44th-most populous in California , and 198th in the United States . As the county seat of Tulare County , Visalia serves as the economic and governmental center to one of the most productive agricultural counties in the country . Yosemite , Sequoia , and Kings Canyon National Parks are located in the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains , the highest mountain range in the contiguous United States ." } ] }, { "value": "Recreation Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Recreation_Park_(Visalia)", "summary": "Recreation Ballpark is a minor league baseball stadium in Visalia , California . It currently serves as the home to the Visalia Rawhide of the California League . The Rawhide is an Advanced-A minor league affiliate of the Arizona Diamondbacks . With only 1,888 seats , plus capacity for another 580 fans on a lawn , it is the smallest MLB-affiliated ballpark . The ballpark was built by the city of Visalia in 1946 . In 2003 , the stadium began a six-year renovation and expansion that added a grandstand and more seats on the third-base side . From 2014 to 2018 , Recreation Park hosted Divisions I-VI of the California Interscholastic Federation Central Section Baseball Championships ." } ] }, { "value": "2,468", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arizona Diamondbacks", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arizona_Diamondbacks", "summary": "The Arizona Diamondbacks , often shortened as the D-backs , are an American professional baseball team based in Phoenix , Arizona . They compete in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) as a member of the National League ( NL ) West division . The team plays its home games at Chase Field , formerly known as Bank One Ballpark . The Diamondbacks have won one World Series championship ( defeating the New York Yankees in 2001 ) - becoming the fastest expansion team in Major League history to win a championship , which it did in only the fourth season since the franchise 's inception ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Leagues affiliated with Major League Baseball -- Class A-Advanced leagues", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Minor_League_Baseball_leagues_and_teams_6", "intro": "This is a list of Minor League Baseball leagues and teams in the United States, Canada, and Mexico." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_11)", "title": "Strictly Come Dancing (series 11)", "header": [ "Dance", "Celebrity", "Highest score", "Celebrity", "Lowest score" ], "data": [ { "value": "American Smooth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/American_Smooth", "summary": "This is a list of dance terms that are not names of dances or types of dances . See List of dances and List of dance style categories for those . This glossary lists terms used in various types of ballroom partner dances , leaving out terms of highly evolved or specialized dance forms , such as ballet , tap dancing , and square dancing , which have their own elaborate terminology . See also :" } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dave Myers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)", "summary": "David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club ." } ] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Argentine Tango", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Argentine_Tango", "summary": "Argentine tango is a musical genre and accompanying social dance originating at the end of the 19th century in the suburbs of Buenos Aires and Montevideo . It typically has a 24 or 44 rhythmic time signature , and two or three parts repeating in patterns such as ABAB or ABCAC . Its lyrics are marked by nostalgia , sadness , and laments for lost love . The typical orchestra has several melodic instruments and is given a distinctive air by the small button accordion called the bandoneon . It has continued to grow in popularity and spread internationally , adding modern elements without replacing the older ones . Among its leading figures are the singer and songwriter Carlos Gardel and composers/performers Francisco Canaro , Juan D'Arienzo , Carlos Di Sarli , Osvaldo Pugliese , and Ástor Piazzolla ." } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "38", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sophie Ellis-Bextor Susanna Reid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor", "summary": "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Susanna_Reid", "summary": "Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV ." } ] }, { "value": "32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cha Cha Cha", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)", "summary": "The Cha Cha Cha ( sometimes called cha-cha ) , is a dance of Cuban origin . It is danced to the music of the same name introduced by Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrin in the early 1950s . This rhythm was developed from the danzón-mambo . The name of the dance is an onomatopoeia derived from the shuffling sound of the dancers ' feet when they dance two consecutive quick steps ( correctly , on the fourth count of each measure ) that characterize the dance . In the early 1950s , Enrique Jorrín worked as a violinist and composer with the charanga group Orquesta América . The group performed at dance halls in Havana where they played danzón , danzonete , and danzon-mambo for dance-oriented crowds . Jorrín noticed that many of the dancers at these gigs had difficulty with the syncopated rhythms of the danzón-mambo . To make his music more appealing to dancers , Jorrín began composing songs where the melody was marked strongly on the first downbeat and the rhythm was less syncopated . When Orquesta América performed these new compositions at the Silver Star Club in Havana , it was noticed that the dancers had improvised a triple step in their footwork producing the sound cha-cha-cha . Thus , the new style came to be known as cha-cha-chá and became associated with a dance where dancers perform a triple step . The basic footwork pattern of cha-cha-chá ( one , two , three , cha-cha ) is also found in several Afro-Cuban dances from the Santería religion . For example , one of the steps used in the dance for the orisha Ogun uses an identical footwork pattern ." } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dave Myers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)", "summary": "David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charleston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charleston_(dance)", "summary": "The Charleston is a dance named for the harbor city of Charleston , South Carolina . The rhythm was popularized in mainstream dance music in the United States by a 1923 tune called The Charleston by composer/pianist James P. Johnson which originated in the Broadway show Runnin ' Wild and became one of the most popular hits of the decade . Runnin ' Wild ran from 29 October 1923 through 28 June 1924 . The peak year for the Charleston as a dance by the public was mid-1926 to 1927" } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tony Jacklin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tony_Jacklin", "summary": "Anthony Jacklin CBE ( born 7 July 1944 ) is a retired English golfer . He was the most successful British player of his generation , winning two major championships , the 1969 Open Championship and the 1970 U.S. Open . He was also Ryder Cup captain from 1983 to 1989 ; Europe winning two and tying another of these four events ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Foxtrot", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Foxtrot", "summary": "The foxtrot is a smooth , progressive dance characterized by long , continuous flowing movements across the dance floor . It is danced to big band ( usually vocal ) music . The dance is similar in its look to waltz , although the rhythm is in a 44 time signature instead of 34 . Developed in the 1910s , the foxtrot reached its height of popularity in the 1930s and remains practiced today ." } ] }, { "value": "Susanna Reid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Susanna_Reid", "summary": "Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV ." } ] }, { "value": "38", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Patrick Robinson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_(actor)", "summary": "Patrick Robinson ( born 6 November 1963 ) is an English actor , best known for playing the character of staff nurse and later charge nurse ( in early years of the show ) and in later years , Consultant Martin Ash Ashford in the long-running medical drama series Casualty on BBC One ." } ] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jive", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jive_(dance)", "summary": "In latin dancing , the jive is a dance style that originated in the United States from African-Americans in the early 1930s . It was popularized in 1934 by Cab Calloway . It is a lively and uninhibited variation of the Jitterbug , a form of Swing dance ." } ] }, { "value": "Ashley Taylor Dawson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ashley_Taylor_Dawson", "summary": "Philip Ashley Taylor Dawson ( born 11 January 1982 ) , known as Ashley Taylor Dawson , is an English actor and singer . He is best known for his role as Darren Osborne in the British Channel 4 soap opera Hollyoaks , in which he is one of the longest serving cast members , and for being a member of pop band allSTARS* ." } ] }, { "value": "31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dave Myers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)", "summary": "David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club ." } ] }, { "value": "19", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paso Doble", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paso_Doble", "summary": "Pasodoble ( Spanish : double step ) is a fast-paced Spanish military march used by infantry troops . Its speed allowed troops to give 120 steps per minute ( double the average of a regular unit , hence its name ) . This march gave rise to a traditional Spanish dance , a musical genre including both voice and instruments , and a genre of instrumental music often played during bullfight . Both the dance and the non martial compositions are also called pasodoble ." } ] }, { "value": "Susanna Reid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Susanna_Reid", "summary": "Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV ." } ] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dave Myers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)", "summary": "David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Quickstep", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Quickstep", "summary": "The quickstep is a light-hearted dance of the standard ballroom dances . The movement of the dance is fast and powerfully flowing and sprinkled with syncopations . The upbeat melodies that quickstep is danced to make it suitable for both formal and informal events . Quickstep was developed in the 1920s in New York City and was first danced by Caribbean and African dancers . Its origins are in combination of slow foxtrot combined with the Charleston , a dance which was one of the precursors to what today is called swing dancing ." } ] }, { "value": "Abbey Clancy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbey_Clancy", "summary": "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ." } ] }, { "value": "38", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rachel Riley", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rachel_Riley", "summary": "Rachel Annabelle Riley ( born 11 January 1986 ) is a British television presenter and mathematician . She co-presents the Channel 4 daytime puzzle show Countdown and its comedy spin-off 8 Out of 10 Cats Does Countdown . A mathematics graduate , her television debut came when she joined Countdown aged 22 . With an interest in popularising mathematics and the sciences , she has since co-presented The Gadget Show on Channel 5 ( 2013-14 ) and It 's Not Rocket Science on ITV ( 2016 ) . She was also a contestant on the BBC celebrity dance show Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rumba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhumba", "summary": "Rhumba , also known as ballroom rumba , is a genre of ballroom music and dance that appeared in the East Coast of the United States during the 1930s . It combined American big band music with Afro-Cuban rhythms , primarily the son cubano , but also conga and rumba . Although taking its name from the latter , ballroom rumba differs completely from Cuban rumba in both its music and its dance . Hence , authors prefer the Americanized spelling of the word ( rhumba ) to distinguish between them ." } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede Patrick Robinson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Patrick_Robinson_(actor)", "summary": "Patrick Robinson ( born 6 November 1963 ) is an English actor , best known for playing the character of staff nurse and later charge nurse ( in early years of the show ) and in later years , Consultant Martin Ash Ashford in the long-running medical drama series Casualty on BBC One ." } ] }, { "value": "36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Fiona Fullerton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fiona_Fullerton", "summary": "Fiona Elizabeth Fullerton ( born 10 October 1956 ) is a British actress and singer , known for her role as Alice in the 1972 film Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland and as Bond girl KGB spy Pola Ivanova in the 1985 James Bond film A View to a Kill ." } ] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Salsa", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Salsa_(dance)", "summary": "Salsa is a Latin dance associated with the music genre of the same name which originated in the 1960s in New York City . Salsa is an amalgamation of Cuban dances that were popular in the ballrooms and nightclubs of Havana by the end of the 1950s ( e.g . casino , mambo and pachanga ) , as well as American jazz dances . It was primarily developed by Puerto Ricans living in New York ( Nuyoricans ) in the late 1960s and early 1970s . Different regions of Latin America and the United States have distinct salsa styles of their own , such as Cuban , Puerto Rican , Cali Colombia , L.A. and New York styles . Salsa dance socials are commonly held in nightclubs , bars , ballrooms , restaurants , and outside , especially when part of an outdoor festival . In many styles of salsa dancing , as a dancer shifts their weight by stepping , the upper body remains level and nearly unaffected by the weight changes . Weight shifts cause the hips to move . Arm and shoulder movements are also incorporated . Salsa generally uses music ranging from about 150 bpm ( beats per minute ) to around 250 bpm , although most dancing is done to music somewhere between 160-220 bpm . The basic Salsa dance rhythm consists of taking three steps for every four beats of music . The odd number of steps creates the syncopation inherent to Salsa dancing and ensures that it takes 8 beats of music to loop back to a new sequence of steps ." } ] }, { "value": "Abbey Clancy Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbey_Clancy", "summary": "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dave Myers", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dave_Myers_(British_chef)", "summary": "David James Myers ( born 8 September 1957 ) is an English television presenter , best known for appearances in the BBC celebrity talent show Strictly Come Dancing . Myers is also as one half of the Hairy Bikers , along with Si King . Together , they have presented a number of television cookery series for the BBC . They have also launched their own product called The Hairy Bikers Diet Club ." } ] }, { "value": "17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Samba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Samba_(ballroom_dance)", "summary": "The international ballroom version of samba is a lively , rhythmical dance with elements from Brazilian samba . It differs considerably from the original samba styles of Brazil ; in particular , it differs from Samba de Gafieira , a partner type of Samba in that country ." } ] }, { "value": "Abbey Clancy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbey_Clancy", "summary": "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ." } ] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Susanna Reid Mark Benton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Susanna_Reid", "summary": "Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Benton", "summary": "Mark Benton ( born 16 November 1965 ) is an English actor , known for his roles as Eddie in Early Doors , Howard in Northern Lights and Martin Pond in Barbara . Benton has also starred in BBC One drama , Waterloo Road as maths teacher , Daniel Chalk from 2011 to 2013 and again in 2014 . In 2003 Benton starred as Eddie in 2 series of Early Doors BBC Sitcom In 2013 , Benton took part in Strictly Come Dancing and in 2015 , he hosted daytime game show The Edge . Since 2018 he has played the leading role of Frank Hathaway in Shakespeare & Hathaway : Private Investigators on BBC1 ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Showdance", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sophie Ellis-Bextor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor", "summary": "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ." } ] }, { "value": "35", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swing-a-thon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swing_(dance)", "summary": "Swing dance is a group of dances that developed with the swing style of jazz music in the 1920s-1940s , with the origins of each dance predating the popular swing era . During the swing era , there were hundreds of styles of swing dancing , but those that have survived beyond that era include : Lindy Hop , Balboa , Collegiate Shag , and Charleston . Today , the most well-known of these dances is the Lindy Hop , which originated in Harlem in the early 1930s . While the majority of swing dances began in African American communities as vernacular African American dances , some influenced swing-era dances , like Balboa , developed outside of these communities . Swing dance was not commonly used to identify a group of dances until the latter half of the 20th century . Historically , the term Swing referred to the style of jazz music , which inspired the evolution of the dance . Jitterbug is any form of swing dance , though it is often used as a synonym for the six-count derivative of Lindy Hop called East Coast Swing . It was also common to use the word to identify a kind of dancer ( i.e. , a swing dancer ) . A jitterbug might prefer to dance Lindy Hop , Shag , or any of the other swing dances . The term was famously associated with swing era band leader Cab Calloway because , as he put it , [ The dancers ] look like a bunch of jitterbugs out there on the floor due to their fast , often bouncy movements . The term swing dancing is often extended to include other dances that do not have certain characteristics of traditional swing dances : West Coast Swing , Carolina Shag , East Coast Swing , Hand Dancing , Jive , Rock and Roll , Modern Jive , and other dances developed during the 1940s and later . A strong tradition of social and competitive boogie woogie and Rock ' n ' Roll in Europe add these dances to their local swing dance cultures ." } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Susanna Reid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Susanna_Reid", "summary": "Susanna Victoria Reid ( born 10 December 1970 ) is an English television presenter and journalist . Reid was a co-presenter of BBC Breakfast from 2003 until 2014 , along with Bill Turnbull and Charlie Stayt . She has been a co-anchor of Good Morning Britain since 2014 , and currently presents the programme alongside Piers Morgan and Ben Shephard . She finished as a runner-up on the eleventh series of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . She also presented Sunday Morning Live on BBC and Save Money : Good Food on ITV ." } ] }, { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tango", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tango_(dance)", "summary": "Tango is a partner dance , and social dance that originated in the 1880s along the Río de la Plata , the natural border between Argentina and Uruguay . It was born in the impoverished port areas of these countries , where natives mixed with slave and European immigrant populations . The tango is the result of a combination of the German Waltz , Czech Polka , Polish Mazurka , and Bohemian Schottische with the Spanish-Cuban Habanera , African Candombe , and Argentinian Milonga . The tango was frequently practiced in the brothels and bars of ports , where business owners employed bands to entertain their patrons with music . The tango then spread to the rest of the world . Many variations of this dance currently exist around the world . On August 31 , 2009 , UNESCO approved a joint proposal by Argentina and Uruguay to include the tango in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists ." } ] }, { "value": "Natalie Gumede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Natalie_Gumede", "summary": "Natalie Gumede ( born 20 March 1984 ) [ citation needed ] is a British actress . She is known for playing Kirsty Soames in the ITV soap opera , Coronation Street , from 2011 to 2013 . She previously played China in BBC Three comedy show Ideal . She has also appeared in The Persuasionists , Emmerdale and Doctor Who among other television shows . Gumede was also runner-up in the 2013 series of Strictly Come Dancing on BBC One . In 2017 , Gumede began appearing in Netflix original Free Rein as Maggie Steel Phillips ." } ] }, { "value": "37", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Julien Macdonald", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Julien_Macdonald", "summary": "Julien Macdonald OBE ( born 19 March 1971 in Merthyr Tydfil ) is a Welsh fashion designer who has appeared as judge on the television programme , Britain & Ireland 's Next Top Model . In 2001 , he was named British Fashion Designer of the Year , and on 15 March 2001 , was appointed as chief designer at Givenchy ( Alexander McQueen 's successor ) . His atelier is at Old Burlington Street , London ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Viennese Waltz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Viennese_Waltz", "summary": "Viennese waltz ( German : Wiener Walzer ) is a genre of ballroom dance . At least four different meanings are recognized . In the historically first sense , the name may refer to several versions of the waltz , including the earliest waltzes done in ballroom dancing , danced to the music of Viennese waltz . What is now called the Viennese waltz is the original form of the waltz . It was the first ballroom dance performed in the closed hold or waltz position . The dance that is popularly known as the waltz is actually the English or slow waltz , danced at approximately 90 beats per minute with 3 beats to the bar ( the international standard of 30 measures per minute ) , while the Viennese waltz is danced at about 180 beats ( 58-60 measures ) per minute . To this day however , in Germany , Austria , Scandinavia , and France , the words Walzer ( German ) , vals ( Danish , Norwegian , and Swedish ) , and valse ( French ) still implicitly refer to the original dance and not the slow waltz . The Viennese waltz is a rotary dance where the dancers are constantly turning either toward the leader 's right ( natural ) or toward the leader 's left ( reverse ) , interspersed with non-rotating change steps to switch between the direction of rotation . As the waltz evolved , some of the versions that were done at about the original fast tempo came to be called specifically Viennese waltz to distinguish them from the slower waltzes . In the modern ballroom dance , two versions of Viennese waltz are recognized : International Style and American Style . Today the Viennese waltz is a ballroom and partner dance that is part of the International Standard division of contemporary ballroom dance ." } ] }, { "value": "Sophie Ellis-Bextor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sophie_Ellis-Bextor", "summary": "Sophie Michelle Ellis-Bextor ( born 10 April 1979 ) [ citation needed ] is an English singer , songwriter and model . She first came to prominence in the late 1990s , as the lead singer of the indie rock band Theaudience . After the group disbanded , Ellis-Bextor went solo , achieving widespread success in the early 2000s . Her music is a mixture of mainstream pop , disco , nu-disco , and 1980s electronic influences . Her solo debut album , Read My Lips , was released in September 2001 . The album reached number two in the UK Albums Chart and was certified double platinum by the British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) . The record experienced international success , selling more than 2 million copies worldwide . It produced four singles , three of which reached the top three in the UK . In 2003 , Read My Lips won the Edison Award for Best Dance Album . Ellis-Bextor 's second album , Shoot from the Hip , was released in October 2003 . The album reached number 19 in the UK and produced two top ten singles . Trip the Light Fantastic , her third album , was released in May 2007 and reached number seven in the UK ." } ] }, { "value": "39", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Deborah Meaden", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Deborah_Meaden", "summary": "Deborah Sonia Meaden ( born 1959 ) is an English businesswoman who ran a multimillion-pound family holiday business , before completing a management buyout , but is now best known for her appearances on the BBC Two business programme Dragons ' Den ." } ] }, { "value": "27", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Waltz", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Waltz", "summary": "The waltz ( from German Walzer [ ˈvalt͡sɐ̯ ] ) is a ballroom and folk dance , normally in triple ( help·info ) time , performed primarily in closed position ." } ] }, { "value": "Abbey Clancy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Abbey_Clancy", "summary": "Abigail Marie Clancy , ( born 10 January 1986 ) known as Abbey Clancy , is an English lingerie and catwalk model and television personality . She is married to former professional footballer Peter Crouch , was the runner-up of Britain 's Next Top Model ( cycle 2 ) in 2006 and won series 11 of Strictly Come Dancing in 2013 . Since 2015 she has been presenting Britain 's Next Top Model ." } ] }, { "value": "40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Tony Jacklin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Tony_Jacklin", "summary": "Anthony Jacklin CBE ( born 7 July 1944 ) is a retired English golfer . He was the most successful British player of his generation , winning two major championships , the 1969 Open Championship and the 1970 U.S. Open . He was also Ryder Cup captain from 1983 to 1989 ; Europe winning two and tying another of these four events ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Highest and lowest scoring performances of the series", "section_text": "The best and worst performances in each dance style according to the judges ' 40-points scale are as follows :", "uid": "Strictly_Come_Dancing_(series_11)_2", "intro": "Strictly Come Dancing returned for its eleventh series beginning with a launch show on 7 September 2013, with the live shows starting on 27 and 28 September 2013. Sir Bruce Forsyth and Tess Daly returned to co-present the main show on BBC One, with Claudia Winkleman returning to present the results show alongside Daly. Zoë Ball returned as presenter of Strictly Come Dancing: It Takes Two on BBC Two. Len Goodman, Bruno Tonioli, Craig Revel Horwood and Darcey Bussell also returned as judges. This was the first series to be made at Elstree Film and Television Studios in Elstree, Hertfordshire. In March 2013, the show's former home at the BBC Television Centre in West London closed down for redevelopment. Strictly moved to Elstree for this series and settled into the vast George Lucas Stage 2 which had been recently refurbished. The move to the Elstree location saw a complete overhaul of the look of the show, with a newly redesigned set, which would fit the much larger George Lucas Stage. The shows on 5 October, 9 November and 7 December 2013 were hosted by Daly and Winkleman, with Forsyth taking time off. The show was broadcast live from Blackpool Tower Ballroom on 16 November 2013. The series was won by Abbey Clancy and Aljaž Skorjanec on 21 December 2013. This series was notable as being Forsyth's last as main presenter and also for Brendan Cole becoming the first professional dancer to reach three separate finals." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season", "title": "2013 Pittsburgh Pirates season", "header": [ "Player", "Milestone", "Reached" ], "data": [ { "value": "A. McCutchen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Andrew_McCutchen", "summary": "Andrew Stefan McCutchen ( born October 10 , 1986 ) is an American professional baseball outfielder for the Philadelphia Phillies of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Pittsburgh Pirates , San Francisco Giants , and New York Yankees . The Pirates selected McCutchen in the first round ( 11th overall ) of the 2005 MLB draft , and he made his MLB debut in 2009 . During his tenure in Pittsburgh , he was the National League ( NL ) Most Valuable Player in 2013 , a five-time All Star ( 2011-15 ) , a four-time Silver Slugger Award winner ( 2012-15 ) , a Gold Glove Award winner in 2012 , and the Roberto Clemente Award winner in 2015 . He led the NL in hits ( 194 ) in 2012 , and in on-base percentage ( .410 ) , OPS ( .952 ) , and extra base hits ( 69 ) in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Stolen Base", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 3 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A. Burnett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A._J._Burnett", "summary": "Allan James Burnett ( born January 3 , 1977 ) , is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida Marlins , Toronto Blue Jays , New York Yankees , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Philadelphia Phillies for 17 seasons . The New York Mets drafted Burnett in the eighth round of the 1995 MLB draft , out of Central Arkansas Christian School in North Little Rock , Arkansas , where he helped lead the team to back-to-back state championships . The Mets traded him to the Marlins , and Burnett made his MLB debut in 1999 . He signed with the Blue Jays as a free agent , before the 2006 season , and with the Yankees before the 2009 season . The Yankees traded Burnett to the Pirates before the 2012 season . After two years in Pittsburgh , he signed with the Phillies , where he played one season , before rejoining the Pirates for his final season . Burnett recorded a no-hitter in a complete game shutout in 2001 , despite walking 9 batters . He led the National League ( NL ) in shutouts in 2002 , and the American League ( AL ) in strikeouts in 2008 . Burnett was a member of the 2009 World Series champion Yankees . He was selected for the NL roster for the 2015 MLB All-Star Game ." } ] }, { "value": "2000th Career Strikeout", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 17 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "G. Jones", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Garrett_Jones", "summary": "Garrett Thomas Jones ( born June 21 , 1981 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman and right fielder . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Minnesota Twins , Pittsburgh Pirates , Miami Marlins and New York Yankees ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Hit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 17 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "J. McDonald", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/James_McDonald_(baseball)", "summary": "James Zell McDonald ( born October 19 , 1984 ) is an American former right-handed professional baseball pitcher who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates . McDonald was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 11th round of the June 2002 MLB Draft , and as a draft and follow pick , he played at Golden West College in Huntington Beach , California ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Inning Pitched", "urls": [] }, { "value": "April 20 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R. Martin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russell_Martin", "summary": "Russell Nathan Coltrane Jeanson Martin Jr. ( born February 15 , 1983 ) is a Canadian professional baseball catcher who is a free agent . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Los Angeles Dodgers , New York Yankees , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Toronto Blue Jays , and is a four-time MLB All-Star . In 2007 , Martin won the Gold Glove Award and Silver Slugger Award . Martin became the everyday catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers immediately upon his MLB debut in 2006 , and continued in that role for nearly five years . His offensive and defensive performance earned wide accolades during his first three years , but they diminished significantly in 2009 and 2010 . Martin spent the last two months of 2010 on the disabled list . After the Dodgers declined to offer him arbitration in 2011 , he signed with the Yankees and succeeded Jorge Posada as the Yankees ' everyday catcher . In November 2012 , Martin signed a two-year free agent contract with the Pirates , and took over the team 's everyday catcher duties . Following the 2014 season , he signed a five-year , $ 82 million contract with the Blue Jays . In January 2019 , he was traded back to the Dodgers ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Home Run", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 8 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "G. Sánchez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaby_Sánchez", "summary": "Gabriel Sánchez ( born September 2 , 1983 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida/Miami Marlins and Pittsburgh Pirates , and in Nippon Professional Baseball ( NPB ) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles . He played college baseball at the University of Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Double", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 12 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "G. Sánchez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Gaby_Sánchez", "summary": "Gabriel Sánchez ( born September 2 , 1983 ) is an American former professional baseball first baseman . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida/Miami Marlins and Pittsburgh Pirates , and in Nippon Professional Baseball ( NPB ) for the Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles . He played college baseball at the University of Miami ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 15 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N. Walker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Neil_Walker_(baseball)", "summary": "Neil Martin Andrew Walker ( born September 10 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball second baseman in the Philadelphia Phillies organization . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 2009-2015 ) , New York Mets ( 2016-17 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 2017 ) , New York Yankees ( 2018 ) , and Miami Marlins ( 2019 ) . Walker was drafted by his hometown Pittsburgh Pirates in the first round of the 2004 MLB draft , and made his MLB debut with the Bucs in 2009 . He won a Silver Slugger Award in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Double", "urls": [] }, { "value": "June 15 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C. Morton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlie_Morton_(pitcher)", "summary": "Charles Alfred Morton IV ( born November 12 , 1983 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Atlanta Braves , Pittsburgh Pirates , Philadelphia Phillies , and Houston Astros . Morton was an All-Star in 2018 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Inning Pitched", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 12 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R. Martin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russell_Martin", "summary": "Russell Nathan Coltrane Jeanson Martin Jr. ( born February 15 , 1983 ) is a Canadian professional baseball catcher who is a free agent . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Los Angeles Dodgers , New York Yankees , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Toronto Blue Jays , and is a four-time MLB All-Star . In 2007 , Martin won the Gold Glove Award and Silver Slugger Award . Martin became the everyday catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers immediately upon his MLB debut in 2006 , and continued in that role for nearly five years . His offensive and defensive performance earned wide accolades during his first three years , but they diminished significantly in 2009 and 2010 . Martin spent the last two months of 2010 on the disabled list . After the Dodgers declined to offer him arbitration in 2011 , he signed with the Yankees and succeeded Jorge Posada as the Yankees ' everyday catcher . In November 2012 , Martin signed a two-year free agent contract with the Pirates , and took over the team 's everyday catcher duties . Following the 2014 season , he signed a five-year , $ 82 million contract with the Blue Jays . In January 2019 , he was traded back to the Dodgers ." } ] }, { "value": "1000th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 14 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C. Barmes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Clint_Barmes", "summary": "Clint Harrold Barmes [ BAR-miss ] ] ( born March 6 , 1979 ) is an American former professional baseball second baseman and shortstop . He played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) from 2003 through 2015 for the Colorado Rockies , Houston Astros , Pittsburgh Pirates , and San Diego Padres ." } ] }, { "value": "1000th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 22 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "V. Mazzaro", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vin_Mazzaro", "summary": "Vincent Michael Vin Mazzaro ( born September 27 , 1986 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Long Island Ducks of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Oakland Athletics , Kansas City Royals , Pittsburgh Pirates , Miami Marlins and San Francisco Giants ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 25 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "A. Burnett", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A._J._Burnett", "summary": "Allan James Burnett ( born January 3 , 1977 ) , is an American former professional baseball starting pitcher , who played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Florida Marlins , Toronto Blue Jays , New York Yankees , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Philadelphia Phillies for 17 seasons . The New York Mets drafted Burnett in the eighth round of the 1995 MLB draft , out of Central Arkansas Christian School in North Little Rock , Arkansas , where he helped lead the team to back-to-back state championships . The Mets traded him to the Marlins , and Burnett made his MLB debut in 1999 . He signed with the Blue Jays as a free agent , before the 2006 season , and with the Yankees before the 2009 season . The Yankees traded Burnett to the Pirates before the 2012 season . After two years in Pittsburgh , he signed with the Phillies , where he played one season , before rejoining the Pirates for his final season . Burnett recorded a no-hitter in a complete game shutout in 2001 , despite walking 9 batters . He led the National League ( NL ) in shutouts in 2002 , and the American League ( AL ) in strikeouts in 2008 . Burnett was a member of the 2009 World Series champion Yankees . He was selected for the NL roster for the 2015 MLB All-Star Game ." } ] }, { "value": "2100th Career Strikeout", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 30 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "M. Melancon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mark_Melancon", "summary": "Mark David Melancon ( /məˈlænsən/ mə-LAN-sən ; born March 28 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the New York Yankees , Houston Astros , Boston Red Sox , Pittsburgh Pirates , Washington Nationals , and San Francisco Giants . Melancon was an MLB All-Star in 2013 , 2015 and 2016 . He led the National League in saves in 2015 , and won the Trevor Hoffman Award that year ." } ] }, { "value": "200th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 3 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N. Walker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Neil_Walker_(baseball)", "summary": "Neil Martin Andrew Walker ( born September 10 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball second baseman in the Philadelphia Phillies organization . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 2009-2015 ) , New York Mets ( 2016-17 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 2017 ) , New York Yankees ( 2018 ) , and Miami Marlins ( 2019 ) . Walker was drafted by his hometown Pittsburgh Pirates in the first round of the 2004 MLB draft , and made his MLB debut with the Bucs in 2009 . He won a Silver Slugger Award in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 4 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "N. Walker", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Neil_Walker_(baseball)", "summary": "Neil Martin Andrew Walker ( born September 10 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball second baseman in the Philadelphia Phillies organization . He previously played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Pittsburgh Pirates ( 2009-2015 ) , New York Mets ( 2016-17 ) , Milwaukee Brewers ( 2017 ) , New York Yankees ( 2018 ) , and Miami Marlins ( 2019 ) . Walker was drafted by his hometown Pittsburgh Pirates in the first round of the 2004 MLB draft , and made his MLB debut with the Bucs in 2009 . He won a Silver Slugger Award in 2014 ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Hit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 4 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C. Morton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlie_Morton_(pitcher)", "summary": "Charles Alfred Morton IV ( born November 12 , 1983 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Atlanta Braves , Pittsburgh Pirates , Philadelphia Phillies , and Houston Astros . Morton was an All-Star in 2018 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 13 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "C. Morton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charlie_Morton_(pitcher)", "summary": "Charles Alfred Morton IV ( born November 12 , 1983 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Tampa Bay Rays of Major League Baseball ( MLB ) . He previously played for the Atlanta Braves , Pittsburgh Pirates , Philadelphia Phillies , and Houston Astros . Morton was an All-Star in 2018 and 2019 ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Game Started", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 18 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "J. Hughes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jared_Hughes", "summary": "William Jared Hughes ( born July 4 , 1985 ) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Houston Astros . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Pittsburgh Pirates , Milwaukee Brewers , Cincinnati Reds and Philadelphia Phillies . Hughes was drafted by the Pirates in the fourth round of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft , and made his major league debut in 2011 ." } ] }, { "value": "100th Career Game", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 22 , 2013", "urls": [] }, { "value": "R. Martin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Russell_Martin", "summary": "Russell Nathan Coltrane Jeanson Martin Jr. ( born February 15 , 1983 ) is a Canadian professional baseball catcher who is a free agent . He has played in Major League Baseball ( MLB ) for the Los Angeles Dodgers , New York Yankees , Pittsburgh Pirates , and Toronto Blue Jays , and is a four-time MLB All-Star . In 2007 , Martin won the Gold Glove Award and Silver Slugger Award . Martin became the everyday catcher for the Los Angeles Dodgers immediately upon his MLB debut in 2006 , and continued in that role for nearly five years . His offensive and defensive performance earned wide accolades during his first three years , but they diminished significantly in 2009 and 2010 . Martin spent the last two months of 2010 on the disabled list . After the Dodgers declined to offer him arbitration in 2011 , he signed with the Yankees and succeeded Jorge Posada as the Yankees ' everyday catcher . In November 2012 , Martin signed a two-year free agent contract with the Pirates , and took over the team 's everyday catcher duties . Following the 2014 season , he signed a five-year , $ 82 million contract with the Blue Jays . In January 2019 , he was traded back to the Dodgers ." } ] }, { "value": "500th Career Run", "urls": [] }, { "value": "August 30 , 2013", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "2013_Pittsburgh_Pirates_season_0", "intro": "The 2013 Pittsburgh Pirates season was the franchise's 127th season as a member of the National League, 132nd season overall, and 13th season at PNC Park. The regular season began at home with a loss against the Chicago Cubs on April 1 and ended with a win at Great American Ball Park against the Cincinnati Reds on September 29. In their first winning season since 1992, the Pirates finished in second place in the National League Central Division with 94 wins and 68 losses. The Pirates earned their 82nd win of the season on September 9, ensuring the team's first winning season since 1992 and ending the longest stretch of losing seasons - 20 - in North American professional sports history. Although the St. Louis Cardinals won the NL Central Division, the Pirates clinched a playoff berth for the first time since 1992 in one of two NL Wild Card spots on September 23. In the Wild Card Game, the Pirates secured their first postseason win since Game 6 of the 1992 National League Championship Series by defeating the Cincinnati Reds. In doing so, the team advanced to the 2013 National League Division Series, where they were defeated in five games by the eventual National League champion Cardinals, eliminating them from the 2013 postseason. Five members of the 2013 Pirates were selected to represent the National League in the All-Star Game. In addition, team manager Clint Hurdle won the 2013 NL Manager of the Year Award in his third year with the Pirates, center fielder Andrew McCutchen was named NL Most Valuable Player, pitcher Francisco Liriano was named NL Comeback Player of the Year, and third baseman Pedro Álvarez tied for first place in home runs hit in the National League at 36." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Boise_State_University_people", "title": "List of Boise State University people", "header": [ "Name", "Class year ( s )", "Notability" ], "data": [ { "value": "Steve Appleton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Steve_Appleton", "summary": "Steven R. Appleton ( March 31 , 1960 - February 3 , 2012 ) was the CEO of Micron Technology , based in Boise , Idaho . Born and raised in California , Appleton attended Boise State University , where he was on the tennis team . A lifelong aviation enthusiast , he died when his single-engine plane crashed shortly after takeoff in Boise , Idaho , on February 3 , 2012 ." } ] }, { "value": "1983", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chairman and CEO of Micron Technology", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Micron_Technology", "summary": "Micron Technology , Inc. is an American producer of computer memory and computer data storage including dynamic random-access memory , flash memory , and USB flash drives . It is headquartered in Boise , Idaho . Its consumer products are marketed under the brands Crucial and Ballistix . Micron and Intel together created IM Flash Technologies , which produces NAND flash memory . It owned Lexar between 2006 and 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Cathey", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vice President of Qualcomm Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Qualcomm", "summary": "Qualcomm Incorporated is an American multinational semiconductor and telecommunications equipment company that designs and markets wireless telecommunications products and services . It derives most of its revenue from chipmaking and the bulk of its profit from patent licensing businesses . The company is headquartered in San Diego , California , United States , and has 224 locations worldwide . The parent company is Qualcomm Incorporated ( Qualcomm ) , which has a number of wholly owned subsidiaries : Qualcomm CDMA Technologies ( QCT ) sells all of Qualcomm 's products and services ( including chipsets ) ; Qualcomm Technology Licensing ( QTL ) is responsible for the patent licensing business ; and Qualcomm Technologies , Inc. ( QTI ) operates nearly all of Qualcomm 's R & D activities ." } ] }, { "value": "John Carley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1955", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former President and chief operating officer of Albertsons Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Albertsons_(SuperValu)", "summary": "Albertsons Companies , Inc. is an American grocery company founded and headquartered in Boise , Idaho . It is privately owned and operated by investors , including Cerberus Capital Management . With 2,260 stores as of the third quarter of fiscal 2019 and 267,000 employees as of fiscal 2018 , the company is the second-largest supermarket chain in North America after Kroger , which has 2,758 stores . Albertsons ranked 53rd in the 2018 Fortune 500 list of the largest United States corporations by total revenue . Prior to its January 2015 merger with Safeway Inc. for $ 9.2 billion , it had 1,075 supermarkets located in 29 U.S. states under 12 different banners . Its predecessor company , Albertsons , Inc. , was reorganized as Albertsons LLC and sold to AB Acquisition LLC ( a Cerberus Capital Management-led consortium ) . After buying back the majority of its former stores it sold to SuperValu in 2006 , AB Acquisition announced it would change its name to Albertsons Companies Inc. in 2015 . The company 's corporate name was Albertson 's until 2002 , when the apostrophe was removed ." } ] }, { "value": "Karl Knapp", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Rhodes Scholar ; Vice chairman and managing director at United Bank of Switzerland ( UBS )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rhodes_Scholar", "summary": "The Rhodes Scholarship is an international postgraduate award for students to study at the University of Oxford . It was established in 1902 , making it the first large-scale programme of international scholarship . The Rhodes Scholarship was founded by English businessman and politician Cecil John Rhodes , to promote unity between English-speaking nations and instill a sense of civic-minded leadership and moral fortitude in future leaders irrespective of their chosen career paths . Although initially restricted to male applicants from countries which are today within the British Commonwealth , as well as Germany and the United States , today the scholarship is open to applicants from all backgrounds and from across the globe . Since its creation , controversy has surrounded both its former exclusion of women ( thus leading to the establishment of the co-educational Marshall Scholarship ) , and Rhodes ' white supremacist beliefs and legacy of colonialism . Prominent recipients of the Rhodes Scholarship include politicians , academics , scientists , authors and entrepreneurs . Notable American politicians include former president of the United States Bill Clinton , former United States national security advisor and United States ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice , former governor of Louisiana Piyush Bobby Jindal , former United States secretary of the Air Force and former congresswoman Heather Wilson , and former United States secretary of health and human services Sylvia Matthews Burwell . President of Pakistan Wasim Sajjad ; former prime minister of Malta Dom Mintoff ; former Australian prime ministers Tony Abbott , Bob Hawke and Malcolm Turnbull ; and the current deputy prime minister of Canada , Chrystia Freeland are also Rhodes Scholars . Other notable Rhodes Scholars include journalist and American television host Rachel Maddow , author Naomi Wolf , former 2020 presidential candidate and New Jersey senator Cory Booker , 2020 presidential candidate and former mayor of South Bend Pete Buttigieg , former president of Planned Parenthood Leana Wen , Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ronan Farrow , and president of the Walmart Foundation Kathleen McLaughlin . The current Warden and CEO of the Rhodes Trust , Elizabeth Kiss , is also a Rhodes Scholar . Some people offered this scholarship have not accepted it , including Sir Alimuddin Zumla , who declined the scholarship as a teenager to study medicine ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_Bank_of_Switzerland", "summary": "UBS Group AG [ nb 1 ] is a Swiss multinational investment bank and financial services company founded and based in Switzerland . Co-headquartered in the cities of Zürich and Basel , it maintains a presence in all major financial centres as the largest Swiss banking institution in the world . UBS client services are known for their strict bank-client confidentiality and culture of banking secrecy . [ nb 2 ] The bank 's large positions in the Americas , EMEA , and Asia Pacific markets make it a global systemically important financial institution . UBS was founded in 1862 as the Bank in Winterthur alongside the advent of the Swiss banking industry . During the 1890s , the Swiss Bank Corporation ( SBC ) was founded , forming a private banking syndicate that expanded aided by Switzerland 's international neutrality . The Bank of Winterthur merged with Toggenburger Bank in 1912 to form the Union Bank of Switzerland ( UBS ) and grew rapidly after the Banking Law of 1934 codified Swiss banking secrecy . Following decades of market competition between the SBC and UBS , the two merged in 1998 to create a single company known solely as UBS . [ nb 3 ] Through mergers and acquisitions up to the early 2000s , UBS together with Credit Suisse held more than 50% of all deposits in Switzerland . After UBS managed heavy losses during the 2008 financial crisis with an asset relief recovery program , it was hit with the 2011 rogue trader scandal resulting in a US $ 2 billion trading loss . In 2012 the bank reoriented itself around wealth management and limited its sell side operations . In the years since , the company 's capital strength , security protocols , and reputation for discretion has yielded a substantial market share in banking and high level of brand loyalty ." } ] }, { "value": "Ralph Peterson", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] }, { "value": "President of CH2M HILL ; former advisor to President Bill Clinton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CH2M_HILL", "summary": "CH2M HILL Companies , Ltd. , also known as CH2M , was an engineering company that provided consulting , design , construction , and operations services for corporations and governments . The company was organized in Delaware , and headquartered at 9191 South Jamaica Street , Englewood , Colorado . In December 2017 , the company was acquired by Jacobs Engineering Group . The company played a major role in the Panama Canal expansion project . The company developed , maintained and published its own method for managing projects for clients , called the CH2M Hill Project Delivery System . The firm was named from the initials of its four founders ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bill_Clinton", "summary": "William Jefferson Clinton ( born William Jefferson Blythe III ; August 19 , 1946 ) is an American politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001 . Prior to his presidency , he served as governor of Arkansas ( 1979-1981 and 1983-1992 ) and as attorney general of Arkansas ( 1977-1979 ) . A member of the Democratic Party , Clinton was known as a New Democrat , and many of his policies reflected a centrist Third Way political philosophy . He is the husband of former secretary of state and former U.S. senator Hillary Clinton . In 1998 , Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives , becoming the second U.S. president to get impeached following Andrew Johnson . The impeachment was based on accusations that Clinton committed perjury and obstruction of justice for the purpose of concealing his affair with Monica Lewinsky , a 22-year-old White House intern . He was acquitted by the Senate and completed his term in office . Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University , University College , Oxford , and Yale Law School . He met Hillary Rodham at Yale and married her in 1975 . After graduating from law school , Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as the attorney general of Arkansas , serving from 1977 to 1979 . He later served as governor of Arkansas . As governor , he overhauled the state 's education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association ." } ] }, { "value": "William Glynn", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1979", "urls": [] }, { "value": "President of Intermountain Industries ( Intermountain Gas Co. , Petroglyph Energy , and InterWest Capital )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Agee", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_Agee", "summary": "William McReynolds Agee ( January 5 , 1938 - December 20 , 2017 ) was an American business executive . In 1976 at age 38 , he was appointed president and chief executive officer ( CEO ) of the Bendix Corporation . From 1988 to 1995 , Agee was the chairman , president , and CEO of Morrison-Knudsen . Agee was a business consultant , venture capitalist , and chairman of a charitable foundation . He received six honorary doctorate degrees and sat on the boards of Fortune 500 corporations including Equitable Life and Dow Jones as well as Bendix and Morrison Knudsen . In 1979 , Agee was featured in a Time magazine cover story titled Faces of the Future , and was named Finance magazine 's Financial Man of the Year in 1976 ." } ] }, { "value": "1958", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former President and CEO of Bendix Corporation and Morrison Knudsen Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bendix_Corporation", "summary": "The Bendix Corporation was an American manufacturing and engineering company which during various times in its 60-year existence ( 1924-1983 ) made automotive brake shoes and systems , vacuum tubes , aircraft brakes , aeronautical hydraulics and electric power systems , avionics , aircraft and automobile fuel control systems , radios , televisions and computers . It was also well known for the name Bendix , as used on home clothes washing machines , but never actually made these appliances ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Morrison_Knudsen", "summary": "Morrison-Knudsen ( MK ) was an American civil engineering and construction company , with headquarters in Boise , Idaho . MK designed and constructed major infrastructure throughout the world and was one of the consortium of firms that built Hoover Dam , San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge , the NASA Vehicle Assembly Building , the Trans-Alaska Pipeline , and many other large projects of American infrastructure ." } ] }, { "value": "Jan Packwood", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "President and CEO of Idaho Power Company and IDACORP , Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Idaho_Power_Company", "summary": "Idaho Power Company ( IPC ) is a regulated electrical power utility . Its business involves the purchase , sale , generation , transmission and distribution of electricity in eastern Oregon and southern Idaho . It is a subsidiary of IDACORP , Inc . The company 's 24,000-square-mile ( 62,000 km2 ) service area generally follows the area around the Snake River and its tributaries . Idaho Power owns and operates 17 hydroelectric dams and 3 natural gas power plants . IPC also owns shares of three coal-fired power plants . In 2007 , electricity sold by IPC was 33% hydroelectric , 39% thermal , and 28% purchased from other generation companies ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Idacorp", "summary": "IDACORP , Inc is an electricity holding company , incorporated in Idaho with headquarters in Boise , Idaho . It comprises Idaho Power Company , IDACORP Financial and Ida-West Energy . It was formed October 1 , 1998 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jim Kissler", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Owner and CEO of Norco , Inc", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Kane", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1970", "urls": [] }, { "value": "managing director of Duff & Phelps Corp. in New York ; former Major General in the U.S. Army", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Duff_&_Phelps", "summary": "Duff & Phelps is a multinational consultancy firm based in New York City ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Major_General", "summary": "Major general ( abbreviated MG , maj. gen. and similar ) is a military rank used in many countries . It is derived from the older rank of sergeant major general . The disappearance of the sergeant in the title explains the apparently confusing phenomenon whereby a lieutenant general outranks a major general while a major outranks a lieutenant . In the Commonwealth and the United States , it is a division commander 's rank subordinate to the rank of lieutenant general and senior to the ranks of brigadier and brigadier general . In the Commonwealth , major general is equivalent to the navy rank of rear admiral , and in air forces with a separate rank structure , it is equivalent to air vice-marshal . In some countries , including much of Eastern Europe , major general is the lowest of the general officer ranks , with no brigadier-grade rank ." }, { "url": "/wiki/United_States_Army", "summary": "The United States Army ( USA ) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . As the oldest and most senior branch of the U.S. military in order of precedence , the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed ( 14 June 1775 ) to fight the American Revolutionary War ( 1775-1783 ) - before the United States of America was established as a country . After the Revolutionary War , the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army . The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army , and considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775 . As a uniformed military service , the U.S. Army is part of the Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant , the secretary of the Army ( SECARMY ) and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army ( CSA ) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch , and in the fiscal year 2017 , the projected end strength for the Regular Army ( USA ) was 476,000 soldiers ; the Army National Guard ( ARNG ) had 343,000 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve ( USAR ) had 199,000 soldiers ; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,018,000 soldiers . As a branch of the armed forces , the mission of the U.S. Army is to fight and win our Nation 's wars , by providing prompt , sustained land dominance , across the full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict , in support of combatant commanders . The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "James McClary", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1959", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former President of the Morrison Knudsen Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Morrison_Knudsen", "summary": "Morrison-Knudsen ( MK ) was an American civil engineering and construction company , with headquarters in Boise , Idaho . MK designed and constructed major infrastructure throughout the world and was one of the consortium of firms that built Hoover Dam , San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge , the NASA Vehicle Assembly Building , the Trans-Alaska Pipeline , and many other large projects of American infrastructure ." } ] }, { "value": "John Elorriaga", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1949", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former chairman of the board and CEO of U.S. Bancorp", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/U.S._Bancorp", "summary": "U.S. Bancorp ( stylized as us bancorp ) is an American bank holding company based in Minneapolis , Minnesota , and incorporated in Delaware . It is the parent company of U.S. Bank National Association , which is the 5th largest bank in the United States . [ according to whom ? ] The company provides banking , investment , mortgage , trust , and payment services products to individuals , businesses , governmental entities , and other financial institutions . It has 3,106 branches and 4,842 ATMs , primarily in the Western and Midwestern United States , and has approximately 74,000 employees . The company also owns Elavon , a processor of credit card transactions for merchants and Elan Financial Services , and credit card issuer that issue credit card products to US Bank and other financial institutions . U.S. Bancorp operates under the second-oldest continuous national charter , originally Charter # 24 , granted in 1863 following the passage of the National Bank Act . Earlier charters have expired as banks were closed or acquired , raising U.S. Bank 's charter number from # 24 to # 2 . The oldest national charter , originally granted to the First National Bank of Philadelphia , is held by Wells Fargo , which it obtained upon its merger with Wachovia ." } ] }, { "value": "Butch Otter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/C.L._Otter", "summary": "Clement Leroy Butch Otter ( born May 3 , 1942 ) is an American businessman and politician who served as the 32nd governor of Idaho from 2007 to 2019 . A member of the Republican Party , he was elected in 2006 , and reelected in 2010 , and 2014 . Otter served as lieutenant governor from 1987 to 2001 and in U.S. Congress from the first district from 2001 to 2007 . When he left office , Otter was the longest-serving governor in the United States whose time in office had run consecutively , at 12 years . His election win in 2014 was his tenth consecutive victory ." } ] }, { "value": "1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Former President of Simplot International", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Simplot", "summary": "The J. R. Simplot Company ( commonly referred to as Simplot ) was founded in 1929 by 20-year-old John Richard Simplot near the small agricultural community of Declo in south central Idaho , United States . During the early 1940s the business expanded , serving the military dehydrated onions and potatoes during World War II . The firm was legally incorporated as the J. R. Simplot Company in 1955 ." } ] }, { "value": "Larry Williams", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Larry_Williams", "summary": "Larry Williams ( né Lawrence Eugene [ citation needed ] Williams aka Lawrence Edward Williams ; May 10 , 1935 - January 7 , 1980 ) was an American rhythm and blues and rock and roll singer , songwriter , producer , and pianist from New Orleans , Louisiana . Williams is best known for writing and recording some rock and roll classics from 1957 to 1959 for Specialty Records , including Bony Moronie , Short Fat Fannie , Slow Down , Dizzy , Miss Lizzy ( 1958 ) , Bad Boy and She Said Yeah ( 1959 ) . John Lennon was a fan , and The Beatles and several other British Invasion groups recorded several of his songs ." } ] }, { "value": "1964", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Founder and President of Idaho Timber Corp", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Louann Krueger", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1978", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pacific Northwest Regional Director for Wells Fargo Bank", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pacific_Northwest", "summary": "The Pacific Northwest ( PNW ) , sometimes referred to as Cascadia , is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and ( loosely ) by the Rocky Mountains on the east . Though no official boundary exists , the most common conception includes the Canadian province of British Columbia ( BC ) and the U.S. states of Idaho , Oregon , and Washington . Broader conceptions reach north into Southeast Alaska and Yukon , south into northern California , and east to the Continental Divide to include Western Montana and parts of Wyoming . Narrower conceptions may be limited to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains . The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the region 's history , culture , geography , society , and other factors . The Northwest Coast is the coastal region of the Pacific Northwest , and the Northwest Plateau ( also commonly known as the Interior in British Columbia and the Inland Northwest in the United States ) is the inland region . The term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory ( also known as the Great Northwest , a historical term in the United States ) or the Northwest Territories of Canada . The region 's largest metropolitan areas are Greater Seattle , Washington , with 3.8 million people ; Metro Vancouver , British Columbia , with 2.5 million people ; and Greater Portland , Oregon , with 2.4 million people . The culture of the Pacific Northwest is influenced by the Canada-United States border , which the United States and the United Kingdom established at a time when the region 's inhabitants were composed mostly of indigenous peoples . Two sections of the border - one along the 49th parallel south of British Columbia and one between the Alaska Panhandle and northern British Columbia - have left a great impact on the region . According to Canadian historian Ken Coates , the border has not merely influenced the Pacific Northwest - rather , the region 's history and character have been determined by the boundary ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Wells_Fargo_Bank", "summary": "Wells Fargo & Company is an American multinational financial services company headquartered in San Francisco , California , with central offices throughout the United States . It is the world 's fourth-largest bank by market capitalization and the fourth largest bank in the US by total assets . Wells Fargo is ranked number 26 on the 2018 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest US corporations by total revenue . In July 2015 , Wells Fargo became the world 's largest bank by market capitalization , edging past ICBC , before slipping behind JPMorgan Chase in September 2016 , in the wake of a scandal involving the creation of over 2 million fake bank accounts by Wells Fargo employees . Wells Fargo fell behind Bank of America to third by bank deposits in 2017 and behind Citigroup to fourth by total assets in 2018 . Wells Fargo is incorporated in Delaware . The firm 's primary operating subsidiary is national bank Wells Fargo Bank , N.A. , which designates its main office as Sioux Falls , South Dakota . Wells Fargo in its present form is a result of a merger between San Francisco-based Wells Fargo & Company and Minneapolis-based Norwest Corporation in 1998 and the subsequent 2008 acquisition of Charlotte-based Wachovia . Following the mergers , the company transferred its headquarters to Wells Fargo 's headquarters in San Francisco and merged its operating subsidiary with Wells Fargo 's operating subsidiary in Sioux Falls . Along with JPMorgan Chase , Bank of America , and Citigroup , Wells Fargo is one of the Big Four Banks of the United States . As of June 2018 [ update ] , it had 8,050 branches and 13,000 ATMs . In 2018 the company had operations in 35 countries with over 70 million customers globally ." } ] }, { "value": "Bill Ilett", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1965", "urls": [] }, { "value": "President of TransCorp Inc. ; founder of the Idaho Stampede", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Transcorp", "summary": "Transnational Corporation of Nigeria plc ( or Transcorp ) , is a diversified conglomerate with strategic investments and core interests in the hospitality , agribusiness and energy sectors . A publicly quoted conglomerate with a diversified shareholders base of about 290,000 investors , its notable assets include Transcorp Hotels plc ( Transcorp Hilton Hotel , Abuja and Transcorp Hotels , Calabar ) ; Transcorp Ughelli Power Limited and Transcorp Energy Limited ( operator of OPL 281 ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Idaho_Stampede", "summary": "The Idaho Stampede was an American basketball team in the NBA D-League , based in Boise , Idaho . They played their home games at the Ford Idaho Center in nearby Nampa from 1997 until they moved to CenturyLink Arena in Boise in 2005 . The team relocated to Salt Lake City , Utah for the 2016-2017 season to become the Salt Lake City Stars ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Business and finance", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_Boise_State_University_people_0", "intro": "This list of Boise State University people includes notable graduates, non-graduate former students, and administrators affiliated with Boise State University, a public, coeducational research university located in Boise, Idaho. As of 2015, the university has approximately 22,000 current students and over 80,000 living alumni. Bachelor's degrees were first awarded in the late 1960s; degrees granted prior are associates only." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_J_Hottest_100,_2008", "title": "Triple J Hottest 100, 2008", "header": [ "#", "Artist", "Album", "Country of Origin", "Tracks in the Hottest 100" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kings of Leon", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kings_of_Leon", "summary": "Kings of Leon is an American rock band that formed in Nashville , Tennessee , in 1999 . The band is composed of brothers Caleb , Nathan and Jared Followill with their cousin Matthew Followill . The band 's early music was a blend of Southern rock and blues influences , but it has gradually evolved throughout the years to include a variety of genres and a more alternative , arena rock sound . Kings of Leon achieved initial success in the United Kingdom with nine Top 40 singles , two BRIT Awards in 2008 , and all three of the band 's albums at the time peaked in the top five of the UK Albums Chart . Their third album , Because of the Times , also reached the number one spot . After the release of Only by the Night in September 2008 , the band achieved chart success in the United States . The singles Sex on Fire , Use Somebody , and Notion all peaked at number one on the Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart . The album was their first Platinum-selling album in the United States , and was also the best-selling album of 2008 in Australia , being certified platinum nine times . The band 's fifth album , Come Around Sundown , was released on October 18 , 2010 . Their sixth album , Mechanical Bull , was released on September 24 , 2013 . The seventh studio album , WALLS , was released on October 14 , 2016 . The group has 12 Grammy Award nominations , including 4 wins ." } ] }, { "value": "Only by the Night", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Only_by_the_Night", "summary": "Only by the Night is the fourth studio album by American alternative rock band Kings of Leon , released worldwide in September 2008 . Writing for the band 's fourth album commenced just days after the release of their third , Because of the Times . The album was recorded by producers Jacquire King and Angelo Petraglia in April 2008 at Nashville 's Blackbird Studios . Only by the Night experienced commercial success , peaking inside the top 10 of over 10 different countries . The album was certified the best-selling album in Australia , certified nine times platinum . It also went on to be the highest selling album of 2008 in Australia , the third best selling album of 2008 in the UK , winning two Brit Awards , and the 18th best-selling album of the 2000s in the UK . Furthermore , two singles from the album have found high chartings , Sex on Fire coming in at number one in Ireland , the UK , Australia , and on the United States ' Hot Modern Rock Tracks , and at number two in New Zealand . The album 's second single Use Somebody also charted at number two in the UK , and at number two in Australia , along with being the band 's first top 10 hit in the U.S . The album was nominated for Best Rock Album at the 2009 Grammy Award with the song Sex on Fire receiving two nominations itself . Worldwide sales of the album exceed 6.2 million copies , according to a press release by the band . Sex on Fire came in at number one on the Triple J Hottest 100 , 2008 , with Use Somebody number three , Closer number 24 and Crawl number 70 ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "1 , 3 , 24 , 70", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Presets", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Presets", "summary": "The Presets are an Australian electronic music duo of Julian Hamilton ( vocals , keyboards ) and Kim Moyes ( drums , keyboards ) . Formed in 2003 and signed to Modular Records , The Presets released two EPs ( Blow Up , Girl and the Sea ) in advance of their debut album , Beams , released in 2005 to positive critical response . After two years of touring , including as the Australian support for Daft Punk , the band 's 2008 release , Apocalypso , debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart , and went on to win six awards at ARIA Awards 2008 , including Album of the Year . In 2009 Hamilton and Moyes won an APRA Award for Songwriters of the Year and another ARIA Award , this time for Best Dance Release for Talk Like That . They released their third album , Pacifica , in Australia in September 2012 . It reached No . 3 on the ARIA Albums Chart . Their fourth album , Hi Viz , was released in June 2018 . The Presets are known for their dynamic live shows . Aside from the Presets ' extensive performance work , the duo has remixed tracks for several other artists including Kings of Leon , Silverchair and Lenny Kravitz . The Presets are recognized as key players in the dance music explosion in Australia in the late 2000s ." } ] }, { "value": "Apocalypso", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Apocalypso_(The_Presets_album)", "summary": "Apocalypso is the second studio album by Australian electronic dance music duo The Presets . The album was released by record label Modular on 12 April 2008 in Australia , on 13 May in the United States , and 2 June in the United Kingdom . The album features the singles My People , This Boy 's in Love , Talk Like That , Yippiyo-Ay , If I Know You and Kicking and Screaming ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "6 , 8 , 56 ( 18 in 2007 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MGMT", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/MGMT", "summary": "MGMT ( /ɛm-dʒi-ɛm-tiː/ ) is an American pop and rock band formed in 2002 in Middletown , Connecticut . It was founded by multi-instrumentalists Andrew VanWyngarden and Ben Goldwasser . Alongside VanWyngarden and Goldwasser , MGMT 's live lineup currently consists of drummer Will Berman , bassist Simon O'Connor , and guitarist and keyboard James Richardson . Originally signed to Cantora Records by the nascent label 's co-founder , NYU undergrad Will Griggs , MGMT later signed with Columbia and RED Ink in 2006 and released their debut album Oracular Spectacular the next year . After the release of Oracular Spectacular Asti , Richardson and Berman joined the core band in the studio for Congratulations , which was released on April 13 , 2010 . In January 2011 they began work on their eponymous third studio album . It was released on September 17 , 2013 , and was released as an early exclusive on Rdio on September 9 , 2013 . The group 's fourth studio album , titled Little Dark Age , was released in February 2018 . On October 5 , 2007 , Spin named MGMT Artist of the Day . In November Rolling Stone pegged MGMT as a top ten Artist to Watch in 2008 and went on to name Oracular Spectacular number 494 in their top 500 Greatest Albums of All Time list . The band placed ninth in the BBC 's Sound of 2008 Top Ten Poll . They were also named as Last.fm 's most played new artist of 2008 in their Best of 2008 list ." } ] }, { "value": "Oracular Spectacular", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Oracular_Spectacular", "summary": "Oracular Spectacular is the debut studio album by American rock band MGMT , released on October 2 , 2007 , by RED Ink and physically on January 22 , 2008 , by Columbia . It was produced by Dave Fridmann and is the band 's first release of new content , being recorded from March to April 2007 . Promotion for the album started as early as June 2007 , when the song Weekend Wars was given away in summer issues of free monthly magazine Nöjesguiden in Stockholm , Sweden . Matching CDs could be picked up for free in all stores in three different shopping malls around Stockholm from June 26 to July 31 . The album was also promoted with three singles : Time to Pretend , Electric Feel and Kids . Both Time to Pretend and Kids were re-recorded for the album ; they were originally included on the band 's previous release Time to Pretend ( 2005 ) , with the opening track serving as a mission statement and the theme continuing through the album 's subsequent tracks . Although Oracular Spectacular never sold more than 17,000 units in a week , at least 2,000 copies per week were sold during the period from January 2008 through April 2010 . The album received positive reviews from critics , who lauded its production style , musical direction and composition . It was nominated for the International Album award at the 2009 Brit Awards . In 2012 , Rolling Stone ranked the album at number 494 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "2 , 5 , 18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vampire Weekend", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vampire_Weekend", "summary": "Vampire Weekend is an American indie rock band from New York City , formed in 2006 and currently signed to Columbia Records . The band was formed by lead vocalist and guitarist Ezra Koenig , multi-instrumentalist Rostam Batmanglij , drummer Chris Tomson , and bassist Chris Baio . The band 's first album Vampire Weekend ( 2008 ) - which included the singles Mansard Roof , A-Punk , Oxford Comma , Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa , and The Kids Do n't Stand a Chance - was acclaimed by critics for its world music influences . Their following album , Contra ( 2010 ) , was similarly acclaimed and garnered strong commercial success . Their third studio album , Modern Vampires of the City ( 2013 ) , won the group a Grammy Award for Best Alternative Music Album in 2014 . Batmanglij departed the group in early 2016 . The band 's fourth album , Father of the Bride , was released in 2019 , again winning Best Alternative Music Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards , where it was also nominated for Album of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Vampire Weekend", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Vampire_Weekend_(album)", "summary": "Vampire Weekend is the eponymous debut studio album by American rock band Vampire Weekend , released on January 29 , 2008 by XL Recordings . The album was produced by band member Rostam Batmanglij , with mixing assistance from Jeff Curtin and Shane Stoneback . Its cover photo is a Polaroid picture from one of their early shows in Columbia University . Released after a year of building internet buzz , the album showcased the bands unique hybrid of indie pop , chamber music , and afropop influences . In the United States , the album sold over 27,000 copies in the first week of its release , debuting at number 17 on the Billboard 200 and as of 20 January 2010 , has sold nearly half a million copies . In the album 's 11th week in the UK chart , it peaked at number 15 . The album also reached number 37 in Australia . It was accompanied by the singles Mansard Roof , A-Punk , Oxford Comma , Cape Cod Kwassa Kwassa , and The Kids Do n't Stand a Chance . The album was ranked as the 5th-best album of 2008 by Time , the 56th-best album of the decade by Rolling Stone and 51st on Pitchfork 's list of the Top 200 Albums of the 2000s . In 2012 , Rolling Stone ranked the album number 430 on its list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . The album was also ranked 24 on Rolling Stone 's list of 100 greatest debut albums of all time , citing them for having inspired a wave of indie bands with world music influences , despite largely criticising the album on its release . Paul Simon has spoken out in favour of the album , responding to the derision of some for perceived similarities to Simon 's 1986 album Graceland ." } ] }, { "value": "United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States", "summary": "The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. or US ) or America , is a country consisting of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . [ g ] At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) , it is the world 's third or fourth-largest country by total area [ b ] and is slightly smaller than the entire continent of Europe . Most of the country is located in central North America between Canada and Mexico . With an estimated population of over 328 million , the U.S. is the third most populous country in the world . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the most populous city is New York City . Paleo-Indians migrated from Siberia to the North American mainland at least 12,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from the thirteen British colonies established along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolutionary War lasting between 1775 and 1783 , leading to independence . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century - gradually acquiring new territories , displacing Native Americans , and admitting new states - until by 1848 it spanned the continent . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the abolition of slavery in the United States . The Spanish-American War and World War I confirmed the country 's status as a global military power ." } ] }, { "value": "30 , 32 , 58 , 71", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Birds of Tokyo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Birds_of_Tokyo", "summary": "Birds of Tokyo is an Australian alternative rock band from Perth , Western Australia . Their debut album Day One gained them domestic success , reaching number three on the AIR Independent Album charts and spending a total of 36 consecutive weeks in the top ten . In 2008 , the band released Universes , which made it to number three on the Australian ARIA Albums Chart . 2010 saw the band 's self-titled third studio release Birds of Tokyo spend over eight months on the Australian top 20 , peaking at number two on the ARIA Albums Chart . The double platinum album received the 2010 ARIA Award for Best Rock Album and in early 2011 the band 's breakthrough hit Plans ranked number four on Triple J 's Hottest 100 . The album 's follow-up single , Wild at Heart , reached number one on the country 's national airplay chart and won the band an APRA Award . In 2013 the band released their fourth studio album March Fires . Supported by the album 's first two singles This Fire and Lanterns , March Fires debuted at number one on the ARIA Albums Chart - the band 's first number-one record . The album was certified gold within four weeks of release and the triple platinum single Lanterns was the most played song on Australian radio for the first six months of 2013 . The band released their fifth studio album Brace in November 2016 ." } ] }, { "value": "Universes", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Universes_(album)", "summary": "Universes is the second album from Birds of Tokyo , independently released on 5 July 2008 , through MGM Distribution . The album was recorded at Loop Studios in West Perth , Wing Command in Perth , Western Australia and in a big beautiful wooden house by the sea at Injidup ( Yallingup , Western Australia ) . Mixing for the album took place in North Hollywood , California by Tim Palmer at Ameraycan Studios . During this mixing process the band filmed the music videos for Broken Bones and Silhouettic in Lancaster , California . These two music videos join together to form one complete story . However , the video for Silhouettic , which features the second part of the story , was released first on the band 's official website and their official Myspace page . The debut single from the album , Silhouettic , was released as a free download from the band 's official website on 14 April 2008 . The album was nominated for a J Award in August 2008 . The third single off the album , Wild Eyed Boy , received significant airplay and was shown on Channel V. Universes produced three songs on the Triple J Hottest 100 , 2008 with Wild Eyed Boy at number 51 , Silhouettic at number 22 and Broken Bones at number 20 ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "20 , 22 , 51", "urls": [] }, { "value": "6", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cut Copy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cut_Copy", "summary": "Cut Copy ( sometimes stylised as Cut/Copy ) are an Australian synth-pop band formed in 2001 by DJ Dan Whitford ( vocals , keyboards and guitar ) . Initially a home-recording project , the band now also includes Tim Hoey ( guitars ) , Ben Browning ( bass guitar ) , and Mitchell Scott ( drums ) . They have released five studio albums and a number of EPs and singles . They achieved breakthrough success in 2008 with their second album , In Ghost Colours . Some of their most well-known singles include Lights & Music , Hearts on Fire and Take Me Over ." } ] }, { "value": "In Ghost Colours", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/In_Ghost_Colours", "summary": "In Ghost Colours is the second studio album by Australian electronic music band Cut Copy . It comprises 15 tracks , including a re-recorded version of the single Hearts on Fire . The album was originally planned as an Australian release for 2007 , but was delayed until 2008 to accommodate a simultaneous international release of the recording . The album was produced in New York by Tim Goldsworthy , although the band 's US label Interscope initially suggested they work with Timbaland ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "15 ( 39 in 2007 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bloc Party", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bloc_Party", "summary": "Bloc Party are an English rock band , composed of Kele Okereke ( lead vocals , rhythm guitar , keyboards , sampler ) , Russell Lissack ( lead guitar , keyboards ) , Justin Harris ( bass guitar , keyboards , saxophones , backing vocals ) and Louise Bartle ( drums , percussion ) . Former members Matt Tong and Gordon Moakes left the band in 2013 and 2015 respectively . Their brand of music , whilst rooted in rock , retains elements of other genres such as electronica and house music . The band was formed at the 1999 Reading Festival by Okereke and Lissack . They went through a variety of names before settling on Bloc Party in 2003 . Moakes joined the band after answering an advert in NME magazine , while Tong was picked via an audition . Bloc Party got their break by giving BBC Radio 1 DJ Steve Lamacq and Franz Ferdinand 's lead singer , Alex Kapranos , a copy of their demo She 's Hearing Voices . In February 2005 , the band released their debut album Silent Alarm . It was critically acclaimed and was named Indie Album of the Year at the 2006 PLUG Awards and NME Album of the year which both honour indie music . That year , the record was also certified platinum in Britain . The band built on this success in 2007 with the release of their second studio album , A Weekend in the City , which reached a peak of number two in the UK Albums Chart and number twelve in the Billboard 200 . In August 2008 , Bloc Party released their third studio record , Intimacy which entered the UK Albums Chart at number eight and number eighteen on the Billboard 200 ." } ] }, { "value": "Intimacy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Intimacy_(Bloc_Party_album)", "summary": "Intimacy is the third studio album by English indie rock band Bloc Party . It was recorded in two weeks at several locations in London and Kent during 2008 and was produced by Jacknife Lee and Paul Epworth . The band members made the album available for purchase on their website as a digital download on 21 August 2008 . Minimal promotion was undertaken in the UK . The record was released in compact disc form on 24 October 2008 , with Wichita Recordings as the primary label . It peaked at number 8 on the UK Albums Chart and entered the Billboard 200 in the United States at number 18 . Bloc Party wanted to create an album that further distanced the band from the traditional rock set-up by incorporating more electronic elements and unconventional musical arrangements . As the record 's title suggests , its tracks are about personal relationships and are loosely based on one of frontman Kele Okereke 's break-ups in 2007 . Three songs were released as singles : Mercury , Talons , and One Month Off ; the first two tracks entered the UK Top 40 . Intimacy was generally well received by critics . Reviewers often focused on its rush-release and central theme , and considered them either bold steps or poor choices ." } ] }, { "value": "United Kingdom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_Kingdom", "summary": "The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland , commonly known as the United Kingdom ( UK or U.K. ) or Britain , [ note 11 ] is a sovereign country located off the north­western coast of the European mainland . Existing under its current name since 1921 , the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain , the north­eastern part of the island of Ireland , and many smaller islands . Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland . Otherwise , the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean , with the North Sea to the east , the English Channel to the south and the Celtic Sea to the southwest , giving it the 12th-longest coastline in the world . The Irish Sea separates Great Britain and Ireland . The total area of the United Kingdom is 94,000 square miles ( 240,000 km2 ) . The United Kingdom is a unitary parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy . [ note 12 ] The current monarch is Queen Elizabeth II , who has reigned since 1952 , making her the world 's longest-serving current head of state . The United Kingdom 's capital and largest city is London , a global city and financial centre with an urban area population of 10.3 million . Other major cities include Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , Leeds and Liverpool . The United Kingdom consists of four constituent countries : England , Scotland , Wales , and Northern Ireland . Their capitals are London , Edinburgh , Cardiff , and Belfast , respectively ." } ] }, { "value": "DNC ( 110 , 112 , 127 in Hottest 200 - 101 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "The Grates", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Grates", "summary": "The Grates are a three-piece indie rock band formed in Brisbane in 2002 . The original line-up was Patience Hodgson on lead vocals , John Patterson on guitars and backing vocals and Alana Skyring on drums . They were brought to national attention when a demo of their single , Trampoline ( 2004 ) , received airplay on radio station Triple J . Their first two albums , Gravity Wo n't Get You High ( 2006 ) and Teeth Lost , Hearts Won ( 2008 ) , both reached the ARIA Albums Chart top 10 . Skyring left in 2010 to become a chef and was replaced on drums by Ben Marshall for the third album , Secret Rituals ( 2011 ) , which reached No . 11 . The Grates ' fourth album , Dream Team ( 2014 ) , was recorded with new drummer , Richard Daniell . The band provide energetic and often sold out live shows . Since May 2012 Hodgson and Patterson are also proprietors of Southside Tea Room , a cafe and bar , in Morningside ; the couple also married in November that year ." } ] }, { "value": "Teeth Lost , Hearts Won", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Teeth_Lost,_Hearts_Won", "summary": "Teeth Lost , Hearts Won is the second studio album from Brisbane indie pop trio The Grates . The album debuted at number six on the ARIA Charts on the 11 August 2008 . Patience Hodgson described the experience of the second album as a really insular experience compared to the just for fun experience of Gravity Wo n't Get You High . We were n't playing live ; we were sitting at home writing an album . The first single Burn Bridges was released on 5 July 2008 , Call of the Wild was available as an MP3 download from their website as of July 2008 . The second single from the album was Aw Yeah , released 1 November 2008 . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "34 , 80 , 83", "urls": [] }, { "value": "9", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Empire of the Sun", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(band)", "summary": "Empire of the Sun are an Australian electronic music duo from Sydney and Perth , formed in 2007 . The duo is a collaboration between Luke Steele , of alternative rock band The Sleepy Jackson , and Nick Littlemore , of electronic dance band Pnau . Empire of the Sun 's 2008 debut album , Walking on a Dream , brought the duo international success and has been certified double platinum in Australia and gold in the United Kingdom . The album provided a number of internationally charting singles including Walking on a Dream , which peaked at number ten on the Australian ARIA Singles Chart and reached number sixty four on the UK Singles Chart , and We Are the People , which peaked at number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart . The band 's second album , Ice on the Dune , was released in June 2013 , preceded by lead single Alive on 16 April . The band are signed to EMI Music Australia/Virgin . As a live band , they have performed internationally and are known for their flamboyant appearance and elaborate stage sets . The duo have won a number of Australian music awards , with Walking on a Dream receiving 11 nominations at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009 , winning seven , including Album of the Year ." } ] }, { "value": "Walking on a Dream", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Walking_on_a_Dream", "summary": "Walking on a Dream is the debut studio album by Australian electronic music duo Empire of the Sun , released on 3 October 2008 by Capitol Records . The album was produced by band members Luke Steele and Nick Littlemore , along with Peter Mayes and Donnie Sloan . Walking on a Dream received 11 nominations at the ARIA Music Awards of 2009 , winning seven , including Album of the Year . A special edition of the album , containing a bonus disc of remixes , B-sides , and unreleased tracks , was released on 20 November 2009 ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "4 , 68", "urls": [] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Josh Pyke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Josh_Pyke", "summary": "Josh Pyke ( born 18 December 1977 ) is an Australian singer-songwriter and musician ." } ] }, { "value": "Chimney 's Afire", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chimney's_Afire", "summary": "Chimney 's Afire is the second album by Australian singer-songwriter Josh Pyke . It was produced primarily by Pyke and released in 2008 on the Ivy League Records label . Chimney 's Afire featured 2 songs on Triple J 's Hottest 100 of 2008 , with Make You Happy at number 29 and Lighthouse Song at number 27 ." } ] }, { "value": "Australia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Australia", "summary": "Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia , is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent , the island of Tasmania , and numerous smaller islands . It is the largest country in Oceania and the world 's sixth-largest country by total area . The population of 26 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard . Australia 's capital is Canberra , and its largest city is Sydney . The country 's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne , Brisbane , Perth , and Adelaide . Indigenous Australians inhabited the continent for about 65,000 years prior to the first arrival of Dutch explorers in the early 17th century , who named it New Holland . In 1770 , Australia 's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain and initially settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788 , a date which became Australia 's national day . The population grew steadily in subsequent decades , and by the time of an 1850s gold rush , most of the continent had been explored and an additional five self-governing crown colonies established . On 1 January 1901 , the six colonies federated , forming the Commonwealth of Australia . Australia has since maintained a stable liberal democratic political system that functions as a federal parliamentary constitutional monarchy , comprising six states and ten territories . Australia is the oldest , flattest , and driest inhabited continent , with the least fertile soils . It has a landmass of 7,617,930 square kilometres ( 2,941,300 sq mi ) ." } ] }, { "value": "27 , 29", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Top 10 Albums of 2008", "section_text": "Bold winner of the Hottest 100 . The Presets won the J Award for Apocalypso .", "uid": "Triple_J_Hottest_100,_2008_1", "intro": "The 2008 Triple J Hottest 100 was announced on Australia Day, 26 January 2009. It was the sixteenth countdown of the most popular songs of the year, as chosen by the listeners of Australian radio station, Triple J. Voting commenced on Boxing Day, 26 December 2008, and closed on 18 January 2009. The second half of the countdown was broadcast live from Parramatta Park in New South Wales, with live crosses to the Big Day Out, held at Flemington Racecourse in Melbourne, Victoria. Over 800,000 votes were received, a record number." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_the_law", "title": "List of University of Oxford people in the law", "header": [ "Name", "College", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "Philip Bell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philip_Bell", "summary": "Philip Ingress Bell , TD , QC ( 10 January 1900 - 12 September 1986 ) was a British barrister and judge , who also had a political career ." } ] }, { "value": "The Queen 's", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/The_Queen's_College,_Oxford", "summary": "The Queen 's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford , England . The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield ( d'Eglesfield ) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault ( wife of King Edward III of England ) . It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture , which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor . In 2018 , the college had an endowment of £291 million , making it the fourth-wealthiest college ( after St. John 's , Christ Church and All Souls ) ." } ] }, { "value": "MP 1951-60 , County Court Judge 1960-75 , Circuit Judge 1971-75", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Malcolm Bishop", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Malcolm_Bishop", "summary": "Malcolm Leslie Bishop , QC , is a Welsh lawyer and translator . Bishop was educated at Ruabon Grammar School and Regent 's Park College , Oxford , of which he is now Honorary Standing Counsel . He was called to the Bar in 1968 and is now a Queen 's Counsel . He serves as a Deputy High Court Judge , Recorder of the Crown Court , Chairman of the Isle of Man Legal Services Commission , Bencher of the Inner Temple , and a member of the Family Law Bar Association Committee and he was formerly a member of the Bar Council . He has also been a Prospective parliamentary candidate for the Labour Party , standing for Bath in February 1974 and October 1974 . As an advocate he has taken part in several notable criminal trials , including R v Carty , a gang-related shooting in Birmingham , R v Sivakumar , which was the longest murder trial ever heard at the Old Bailey , and R v Moinul Abedin , in which the defendant was convicted of plotting explosions . Bishop is a Welsh-speaker and it was claimed that Rhodri Morgan , First Minister for Wales , had chosen him as his preferred candidate for the post of Counsel General to the National Assembly for Wales ( now called Counsel General for Wales ) in succession to Winston Roddick , QC , in 2004 . Rhodri Morgan said that he did not know Bishop , had never met him , and had never even spoken to him . In his application for the job Bishop had submitted a reference from Derry Irvine , Baron Irvine of Lairg , who had recently stepped down as Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain . Bishop has worked on translating several gospels from Greek , including St. John 's Gospel , the Book of Revelation , and the Gospel of Mark ." } ] }, { "value": "Regent 's Park", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Regent's_Park_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Regent 's Park College ( known colloquially within the university as Regent 's ) is a permanent private hall of the University of Oxford , situated in central Oxford , just off St Giles ' . Founded in 1810 , the college moved to its present site in 1927 , and became a licensed hall of the university in 1957 . The college now admits both undergraduate and graduate students to take Oxford degrees in a variety of arts , humanities and social science subjects . It is one of the few academic institutions within the University of Oxford to have accepted women as well as men since before the mid-twentieth century , with women attending the college since the 1920s . The college also trains men and women for ordained ministry among Baptist churches in Great Britain and overseas ." } ] }, { "value": "Deputy High Court Judge , Chair Isle of Man Legal Services Commission", "urls": [] }, { "value": "William Blair", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/William_J._L._Blair", "summary": "Sir William James Lynton Blair ( born 31 March 1950 ) is a retired British judge . He was previously a Queen 's Counsel , specialising in domestic and international banking and finance law . He is the elder brother of former British prime minister Tony Blair ." } ] }, { "value": "Balliol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ." } ] }, { "value": "Dep High Court Judge 2003- , Chairman of Finsmat 2001- , of Combar 2003-05", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Julius Caesar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(judge)", "summary": "Sir Julius Caesar ( 1557/1558 - 18 April 1636 ) was an English lawyer , judge and politician who sat in the House of Commons at various times between 1589 and 1622 . He was also known as Julius Adelmare ." } ] }, { "value": "Magdalen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Magdalen College ( /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ MAWD-lin ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford . It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete . Today , it is one of the wealthiest colleges , with a financial endowment of £273.2 million as of 2018 , and one of the strongest academically , setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then . It is home to several of the University 's distinguished chairs , including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship , the Sherardian Professorship , and the four Waynflete Professorships . The large , square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark , and it is a tradition , dating to the days of Henry VII , that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning . The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the Oxford botanic garden , and within its grounds has a deer park and Addison 's Walk ." } ] }, { "value": "Chancellor of the Exchequer 1606-14 , Master of the Rolls 1614-36", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Cameron , Lord Abernethy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Cameron,_Lord_Abernethy", "summary": "John Alastair Cameron , Lord Abernethy is a Scottish lawyer , and a former Senator of the College of Justice , a judge of the country 's Supreme Courts , serving from 1992 to 2007 , when he retired . He was a member of the English Bar before moving to the Scottish Faculty of Advocates , where he served as vice-dean from 1983 to 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "Pembroke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located in Pembroke Square . The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England , using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale , and was named after William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke , Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , having previously accepted men only . As of 2018 , Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.5 million . Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university . Dame Lynne Brindley , former head of the British Library , has been Master of the College since 2013 . She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year . In July 2020 , Sir Ernest Ryder , a former Lord Justice of Appeal , will take on the role ." } ] }, { "value": "Senator of the College of Justice 1992-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Taylor Cameron , Lord Coulsfield", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Taylor_Cameron,_Lord_Coulsfield", "summary": "John Taylor Cameron , Lord Coulsfield , PC ( 24 April 1934 - 28 February 2016 ) was a Scottish judge who served as a Senator of the College of Justice from 1987 to 2002 ." } ] }, { "value": "Corpus Christi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Corpus_Christi_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Corpus Christi College ( formally , Corpus Christi College in the University of Oxford , informally abbreviated as Corpus or CCC ) , is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom . Founded in 1517 , it is the 12th oldest college in Oxford . The college , situated on Merton Street between Merton College and Christ Church , is one of the smallest in Oxford by student population , having around 250 undergraduates and 90 graduates . It is academic by Oxford standards , averaging in the top half of the university 's informal ranking system , the Norrington Table , in recent years , and coming second in 2009-10 . The college 's role in the translation of the King James Bible is historically significant . The college is also noted for the pillar sundial in the main quadrangle , known as the Pelican Sundial , which was erected in 1581 . Corpus achieved notability in more recent years by winning University Challenge on 9 May 2005 and once again on 23 February 2009 , although the latter win was later disqualified . The Visitor of the college is ex officio the Bishop of Winchester , currently Tim Dakin ." } ] }, { "value": "Senator of the College of Justice 1987-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenneth Cameron , Baron Cameron of Lochbroom", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenneth_Cameron,_Baron_Cameron_of_Lochbroom", "summary": "Kenneth John Cameron , Baron Cameron of Lochbroom , PC , FRSE ( born 11 June 1931 ) is a retired Scottish judge who served as Lord Advocate from 1984 to 1989 ." } ] }, { "value": "Corpus Christi", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lord Advocate 1984-89", "urls": [] }, { "value": "George Carman", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/George_Carman", "summary": "George Alfred Carman , QC ( 6 October 1929 - 2 January 2001 ) was a leading English barrister during the 1980s and 1990s . In 1979 , he successfully defended the former Liberal leader Jeremy Thorpe after he was charged with conspiracy to murder . Carman had been appointed as a Queen 's Counsel ( QC ) eight years previously . He later appeared in a series of widely publicised criminal cases and libel cases ." } ] }, { "value": "Balliol", "urls": [] }, { "value": "barrister 1953 , QC 1971 , sometime head of chambers New Court", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Joseph William Chitty", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Joseph_William_Chitty", "summary": "Sir Joseph William Chitty ( 28 May 1828 - 15 February 1899 ) was an English cricketer , rower , judge and Liberal politician ." } ] }, { "value": "Balliol and Exeter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Exeter College ( in full : The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University . The college is located on Turl Street , where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon , Bishop of Exeter , as a school to educate clergymen . At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry , though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni , including William Morris , J. R. R. Tolkien , Richard Burton , Roger Bannister , Alan Bennett , and Philip Pullman ." } ] }, { "value": "Lord Justice of Appeal 1897-99", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Coulson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Coulson_(barrister)", "summary": "( James ) Michael Coulson ( 23 November 1927 - 18 June 2002 ) was a British barrister and judge , who also had a five-year parliamentary career . He was also an enthusiastic horse rider , huntsman and farmer , and was known at the Bar for his outstanding memory ." } ] }, { "value": "Merton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Merton_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Merton College ( in full : The House or College of Scholars of Merton in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . Its foundation can be traced back to the 1260s when Walter de Merton , chancellor to Henry III and later to Edward I , first drew up statutes for an independent academic community and established endowments to support it . An important feature of Walter 's foundation was that this college was to be self-governing and the endowments were directly vested in the Warden and Fellows . By 1274 , when Walter retired from royal service and made his final revisions to the college statutes , the community was consolidated at its present site in the south east corner of the city of Oxford , and a rapid programme of building commenced . The hall and the chapel and the rest of the front quad were complete before the end of the 13th century . Mob Quad , one of Merton 's quadrangles , was constructed between 1288 and 1378 , and is claimed to be the oldest quadrangle in Oxford , while Merton College Library , located in Mob Quad and dating from 1373 , is the oldest continuously functioning library for university academics and students in the world . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Merton admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , after over seven centuries as an institution for men only . Notable alumni and academics past and present include four Nobel laureates and writer J. R. R. Tolkien who was Merton Professor of English Language and Literature from 1945 to 1959 . Merton is one of the wealthiest colleges in Oxford and held funds totalling £272 million as of July 2017 . Merton has a strong reputation for academic success , having regularly ranked first in the Norrington Table in recent years ." } ] }, { "value": "MP 1959-64 , Circuit Judge 1983-98", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Thomas Coventry , 1st Baron Coventry", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Thomas_Coventry,_1st_Baron_Coventry", "summary": "Thomas Coventry , 1st Baron Coventry ( 1578 - 14 January 1640 ) was a prominent English lawyer , politician and judge during the early 17th century ." } ] }, { "value": "Balliol", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lord Keeper of the Great Seal 1625-40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Charles Isaac Elton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Charles_Isaac_Elton", "summary": "Charles Isaac Elton , QC ( 6 December 1839 - 23 April 1900 ) was an English lawyer , antiquary , and politician . He is most famous for being the author of the bestselling book The Great Book-Collectors . He was born in Southampton . Educated at Cheltenham and Balliol College , Oxford , he was elected a fellow of Queen 's College in 1862 . He was called to the bar at Lincoln 's Inn in 1865 . His remarkable knowledge of old real property law and custom helped him to an extensive conveyancing practice and he took silk in 1885 . He sat in the House of Commons for West Somerset in 1884-1885 and for Wellington , Somerset , from 1886 to 1892 . In 1869 he succeeded to his uncle 's property of Whitestaunton Manor , near Chard , Somerset . During the later years of his life he retired to a great extent from legal practice , and devoted much of his time to literary work . He died at Whitestaunton . Elton 's principal works were" } ] }, { "value": "Balliol and The Queen 's", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Balliol_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Balliol College ( /ˈbeɪliəl/ ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . One of Oxford 's oldest colleges , it was founded around 1263 by John I de Balliol , a rich landowner from Barnard Castle in County Durham , who provided the foundation and endowment for the college . When de Balliol died in 1269 his widow , Dervorguilla , a woman whose wealth far exceeded that of her husband , continued his work in setting up the college , providing a further endowment , and writing the statutes . She is considered a co - founder of the college . The college 's alumni include the incumbent Prime Minister of the United Kingdom , Boris Johnson , as well as three former prime ministers ( H. H. Asquith , who once described Balliol men as possessing the tranquil consciousness of an effortless superiority , Harold Macmillan , and Edward Heath ) , Harald V of Norway , Empress Masako of Japan , five Nobel laureates , and numerous literary and philosophical figures , including Adam Smith , Gerard Manley Hopkins , and Aldous Huxley . John Wycliffe , who translated the Bible into English , was Master of the college in the 1360s ." }, { "url": "/wiki/The_Queen's_College,_Oxford", "summary": "The Queen 's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford , England . The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield ( d'Eglesfield ) in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault ( wife of King Edward III of England ) . It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture , which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor . In 2018 , the college had an endowment of £291 million , making it the fourth-wealthiest college ( after St. John 's , Christ Church and All Souls ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Barrister 1865 , QC 1885 , MP 1884-85 & 1886-92", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sir Norris Foster , CBE", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Norris_Foster", "summary": "Sir Norris Tildasley Foster CBE ( 15 December 1855 - 5 December 1925 ) was an English barrister . Foster was born in Bromsgrove , Worcestershire . He was educated at King Edward 's School , Birmingham and the University of Oxford and called to the bar by the Inner Temple in 1891 . He practised in Birmingham . During the First World War he was a member of the Warwickshire County Appeal Tribunal under the Military Service Act 1916 , the Parliamentary Recruiting Committee , the Birmingham Local War Pensions Committee , and the General Purposes , Finance and Administration Committee of the War Pensions and Citizens Committee . He was knighted in the 1920 New Year Honours and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) in the 1920 civilian war honours for his services to the Prince of Wales 's Fund and his wartime committee work ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Barrister , Warwickshire County Appeal Tribunal , Parliamentary Recruiting Committee , Birmingham Local War Pensions Committee , and the central Committee of the War Pensions and Citizens Committee d. 1925", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sir Michael Fox", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Fox_(judge)", "summary": "Sir Michael John Fox ( 8 October 1921 - 9 April 2007 ) was a British barrister and judge . He was a High Court judge from 1975 to 1981 and a Lord Justice of Appeal from 1981 until 1992 ." } ] }, { "value": "Magdalen", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Lord Justice of Appeal 1981-1992", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Arthur Hamilton , Lord Hamilton", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arthur_Hamilton,_Lord_Hamilton", "summary": "Arthur Campbell Hamilton , Lord Hamilton , PC ( born Glasgow , 10 June 1942 ) , is a Scottish judge and served as Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session from November 2005 until 8 June 2012 , succeeding Lord Cullen ." } ] }, { "value": "Worcester", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Worcester_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Worcester College /ˈwʊstər/ is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , 2nd Baronet ( 1648-1701 ) of Norgrove , Worcestershire , whose coat of arms was adopted by the College . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . Founded as a men 's college , Worcester has been coeducational since 1979 . As of 2018 [ update ] , Worcester College had a financial endowment of £41.9 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , Fields Medalist Simon Donaldson , and novelist Richard Adams ." } ] }, { "value": "Lord Justice General and Lord President of the Court of Session 2005-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Giles Henderson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Giles_Henderson", "summary": "Giles Ian Henderson , CBE ( born 20 April 1942 ) is a solicitor who was Master of Pembroke College , Oxford ." } ] }, { "value": "Magdalen and Pembroke", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Magdalen College ( /ˈmɔːdlɪn/ MAWD-lin ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford . It was founded in 1458 by William of Waynflete . Today , it is one of the wealthiest colleges , with a financial endowment of £273.2 million as of 2018 , and one of the strongest academically , setting the record for the highest Norrington Score in 2010 and topping the table twice since then . It is home to several of the University 's distinguished chairs , including the Agnelli-Serena Professorship , the Sherardian Professorship , and the four Waynflete Professorships . The large , square Magdalen Tower is an Oxford landmark , and it is a tradition , dating to the days of Henry VII , that the college choir sings from the top of it at 6 a.m. on May Morning . The college stands next to the River Cherwell and the Oxford botanic garden , and within its grounds has a deer park and Addison 's Walk ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pembroke_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Pembroke College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England , located in Pembroke Square . The college was founded in 1624 by King James I of England , using in part the endowment of merchant Thomas Tesdale , and was named after William Herbert , 3rd Earl of Pembroke , Lord Chamberlain and then-Chancellor of the University . Like many of Oxford 's colleges , Pembroke admitted its first mixed-sex cohort in 1979 , having previously accepted men only . As of 2018 , Pembroke had an estimated financial endowment of £58.5 million . Pembroke offers the study of almost all the courses offered by the university . Dame Lynne Brindley , former head of the British Library , has been Master of the College since 2013 . She will be stepping down at the end of the 2019-2020 academic year . In July 2020 , Sir Ernest Ryder , a former Lord Justice of Appeal , will take on the role ." } ] }, { "value": "Senior Partner Slaughter and May 1993-2001", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Leoline Jenkins", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Leoline_Jenkins", "summary": "Sir Leoline Jenkins ( 1625 - 1 September 1685 ) was a Welsh academic , diplomat involved in the negotiation of international treaties ( e.g . Nimègue ) . jurist and politician . He was a clerical lawyer who served as Judge of the High Court of Admiralty from 1668 to 1685 . As a statesman he served as Secretary of State from 1680 to 1684 ." } ] }, { "value": "Jesus", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jesus_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Jesus College ( in full : Jesus College in the University of Oxford of Queen Elizabeth 's Foundation ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . It is in the centre of the city , on a site between Turl Street , Ship Street , Cornmarket Street and Market Street . The college was founded by Elizabeth I on 27 June 1571 for the education of clergy , though students now study a broad range of secular subjects . A major driving force behind the establishment of the college was Hugh Price ( or Ap Rhys ) , a churchman from Brecon in Wales . The oldest buildings , in the first quadrangle , date from the 16th and early 17th centuries ; a second quadrangle was added between about 1640 and about 1713 , and a third quadrangle was built in about 1906 . Further accommodation was built on the main site to mark the 400th anniversary of the college , in 1971 , and student flats have been constructed at sites in north and east Oxford . The life of the college was disrupted by the English Civil War . Leoline Jenkins , who became principal after the war in 1661 , put the college on a more stable financial footing . Little happened at the college during the 18th century , and the 19th century saw a decline in numbers and academic standards . Reforms of Oxford University after two Royal Commissions in the latter half of the 19th century led to removal of many of the restrictions placed on the college 's fellowships and scholarships , such that the college ceased to be predominantly full of Welsh students and academics . Students ' academic achievements rose in the early 20th century as fellows were appointed to teach in new subjects . Women were first admitted in 1974 and now form a large part of the undergraduate population ." } ] }, { "value": "Royalist , Principal Jesus College , Oxford 1661-73 , Secretary of State 1680-84", "urls": [] }, { "value": "John Laws", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/John_Laws_(judge)", "summary": "Sir John Grant McKenzie Laws PC ( born 10 May 1945 ) is a former Lord Justice of Appeal . He served from 1999 to 2016 . He is the current Goodhart Visiting Professor of Legal Science at the University of Cambridge , and an Honorary Fellow of Robinson College , Cambridge ." } ] }, { "value": "Exeter", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Exeter_College,_Oxford", "summary": "Exeter College ( in full : The Rector and Scholars of Exeter College in the University of Oxford ) is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England and the fourth oldest college of the University . The college is located on Turl Street , where it was founded in 1314 by Devon-born Walter de Stapledon , Bishop of Exeter , as a school to educate clergymen . At its foundation Exeter was popular with the sons of the Devonshire gentry , though has since become associated with a much broader range of notable alumni , including William Morris , J. R. R. Tolkien , Richard Burton , Roger Bannister , Alan Bennett , and Philip Pullman ." } ] }, { "value": "Lord Justice of Appeal 1999-", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sir Brian Leveson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brian_Leveson", "summary": "Sir Brian Henry Leveson PC ( /ˈlɛvɪsən/ ; born 22 June 1949 ) is a retired English judge who served as the President of the Queen 's Bench Division and Head of Criminal Justice . Leveson chaired the public inquiry into the culture , practices and ethics of the British press , prompted by the News of the World phone hacking affair ." } ] }, { "value": "Merton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "current President of the Queen 's Bench Division", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/President_of_the_Queen's_Bench_Division", "summary": "The President of the Queen 's Bench Division is the head of the Queen 's Bench Division of the High Court of Justice . The current president is Dame Victoria Sharp Until 2005 , the Lord Chief Justice was also the President of the Queen 's Bench , but the role was separated under the provisions of the Constitutional Reform Act 2005 , and Sir Igor Judge became the first president ." } ] }, { "value": "Roger Ludlow", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Fundamental_Orders_of_Connecticut", "summary": "The Fundamental Orders were adopted by the Connecticut Colony council on January 14 , 1639 O.S . ( January 24 , 1639 N.S. ) . The fundamental orders describe the government set up by the Connecticut River towns , setting its structure and powers . They wanted the government to have access to the open ocean for trading . The Orders have the features of a written constitution and are considered by one author to be the first written Constitution in the Western tradition . Thus , Connecticut earned its nickname of The Constitution State ." } ] }, { "value": "Balliol", "urls": [] }, { "value": "author of Fundamental Orders of Connecticut", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Other judges and lawyers : United Kingdom", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_University_of_Oxford_people_in_the_law_4", "intro": "This is a list of University of Oxford people in the Law. Many were students at one (or more) of the colleges of the University, and others held fellowships at a college. This list forms part of a series of lists of people associated with the University of Oxford - for other lists, please see the main article List of University of Oxford people." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America", "title": "Latin America", "header": [ "Country", "Environmental performance ( 2012 ) EPI", "CO2 emissions ( 2009 ) ( tons of CO2 per capita )" ], "data": [ { "value": "Argentina", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Argentina", "summary": "Argentina ( Spanish : [ aɾxenˈtina ] ) , officially the Argentine Republic [ A ] ( Spanish : República Argentina ) , is a country located mostly in the southern half of South America . Sharing the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west , the country is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north , Brazil to the northeast , Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east , and the Drake Passage to the south . With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 ( 1,073,500 sq mi ) , [ B ] Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world , the fourth largest in the Americas , the second largest in South America after Brazil , and the largest Spanish-speaking nation . The sovereign state is subdivided into twenty-three provinces ( Spanish : provincias , singular provincia ) and one autonomous city ( ciudad autónoma ) , Buenos Aires , which is the federal capital of the nation ( Spanish : Capital Federal ) as decided by Congress . The provinces and the capital have their own constitutions , but exist under a federal system . Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica , the Falkland Islands ( Spanish : Islas Malvinas ) , and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands . The earliest recorded human presence in modern-day Argentina dates back to the Paleolithic period . The Inca Empire expanded to the northwest of the country in Pre-Columbian times . The country has its roots in Spanish colonization of the region during the 16th century . Argentina rose as the successor state of the Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata , a Spanish overseas viceroyalty founded in 1776 . The declaration and fight for independence ( 1810-1818 ) was followed by an extended civil war that lasted until 1861 , culminating in the country 's reorganization as a federation of provinces with Buenos Aires as its capital city . The country thereafter enjoyed relative peace and stability , with several waves of European immigration , mainly Italians and Spaniards , radically reshaping its cultural and demographic outlook ; 62.5% of the population has full or partial Italian ancestry , and the Argentine culture has significant connections to the Italian culture ." } ] }, { "value": "56.48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "4.14", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bolivia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bolivia", "summary": "Bolivia ( /bəˈlɪviə/ ( listen ) Spanish pronunciation : [ bo.ˈli.βja ] ) , officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia ( Spanish : Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia Spanish pronunciation : [ esˈtaðo pluɾinasjoˈnal de βoˈliβja ] ( listen ) ) , is a landlocked country located in western-central South America . The capital is Sucre , while the seat of government and financial center is located in La Paz . The largest city and principal industrial center is Santa Cruz de la Sierra , located on the Llanos Orientales ( tropical lowlands ) , a mostly flat region in the east of the country . The sovereign state of Bolivia is a constitutionally unitary state , divided into nine departments . Its geography varies from the peaks of the Andes in the West , to the Eastern Lowlands , situated within the Amazon Basin . It is bordered to the north and east by Brazil , to the southeast by Paraguay , to the south by Argentina , to the southwest by Chile , and to the northwest by Peru . One-third of the country is within the Andean mountain range . With 1,098,581 km2 ( 424,164 sq mi ) of area , Bolivia is the fifth largest country in South America , after Brazil , Argentina , Peru and Colombia ( and alongside Paraguay , one of the only two landlocked countries in the Americas ) , the 27th largest in the world , the largest landlocked country in the Southern Hemisphere and the world 's seventh largest landlocked country , after Kazakhstan , Mongolia , Chad , Niger , Mali and Ethiopia . The country 's population , estimated at 11 million , is multiethnic , including Amerindians , Mestizos , Europeans , Asians and Africans . Spanish is the official and predominant language , although 36 indigenous languages also have official status , of which the most commonly spoken are Guarani , Aymara and Quechua languages . Before Spanish colonization , the Andean region of Bolivia was part of the Inca Empire , while the northern and eastern lowlands were inhabited by independent tribes . Spanish conquistadors arriving from Cuzco and Asunción took control of the region in the 16th century ." } ] }, { "value": "54.57", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brazil", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Brazil", "summary": "Brazil ( Portuguese : Brasil ; Portuguese pronunciation : [ bɾaˈziw ] ) , [ nt 1 ] officially the Federative Republic of Brazil ( Portuguese : República Federativa do Brasil , listen ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in both South America and Latin America . At 8.5 million square kilometers ( 3.2 million square miles ) and with over 211 million people , Brazil is the world 's fifth-largest country by area and the sixth most populous . Its capital is Brasília , and its most populous city is São Paulo . The federation is composed of the union of the 26 states , the Federal District , and the 5,570 municipalities . It is the largest country to have Portuguese as an official language and the only one in the Americas ; it is also one of the most multicultural and ethnically diverse nations , due to over a century of mass immigration from around the world . Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east , Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 kilometers ( 4,655 mi ) . It borders all other countries in South America except Ecuador and Chile and covers 47.3% of the continent 's land area . Its Amazon River basin includes a vast tropical forest , home to diverse wildlife , a variety of ecological systems , and extensive natural resources spanning numerous protected habitats . This unique environmental heritage makes Brazil one of 17 megadiverse countries , and is the subject of significant global interest and debate regarding deforestation and environmental protection . Brazil was inhabited by numerous tribal nations prior to the landing in 1500 of explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral , who claimed the area for the Portuguese Empire . Brazil remained a Portuguese colony until 1808 , when the capital of the empire was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro . In 1815 , the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal , Brazil and the Algarves ." } ] }, { "value": "60.90", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.74", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chile", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chile", "summary": "Chile ( /ˈtʃɪli/ ( listen ) , /ˈtʃɪleɪ/ ; Spanish : [ ˈtʃile ] ) , [ nb 2 ] officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish : República de Chile ( help·info ) ) , is a South American country occupying a long , narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west . It borders Peru to the north , Bolivia to the northeast , Argentina to the east , and the Drake Passage in the far south . Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández , Salas y Gómez , Desventuradas , and Easter Island in Oceania . Chile also claims about 1,250,000 square kilometres ( 480,000 sq mi ) of Antarctica under the Chilean Antarctic Territory . [ nb 3 ] , The arid Atacama Desert in northern Chile contains great mineral wealth , principally copper and lithium . The relatively small central area dominates in terms of population and agricultural resources , and is the cultural and political center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century when it incorporated its northern and southern regions . Southern Chile is rich in forests and grazing lands , and features a string of volcanoes and lakes . The southern coast is a labyrinth of fjords , inlets , canals , twisting peninsulas , and islands . Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century , replacing Inca rule in the north and centre , but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile . After declaring its independence from Spain in 1818 , Chile emerged in the 1830s as a relatively stable authoritarian republic . In the 19th century , Chile saw significant economic and territorial growth , ending Mapuche resistance in the 1880s and gaining its current northern territory in the War of the Pacific ( 1879-83 ) after defeating Peru and Bolivia . In the 1960s and 1970s , the country experienced severe left-right political polarization and turmoil ." } ] }, { "value": "55.34", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.84", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Colombia", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Colombia", "summary": "Colombia ( /kəˈlʌmbiə/ ( listen ) kə-LUM-bee-ə , /-ˈlɒm-/ -⁠LOM- ; Spanish : [ koˈlombja ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Colombia ( Spanish : República de Colombia ( help·info ) ) , [ Note 1 ] is a country largely situated in the north of South America , with land and territories in North America . Colombia is bounded on the north by the Caribbean Sea , the northwest by Panama , the south by both Ecuador and Peru , the east by Venezuela , the southeast by Brazil , and the west by the Pacific . It comprises thirty-two departments , with the capital in Bogotá . Colombia is ethnically and linguistically diverse , with its rich cultural heritage reflecting influences by various Amerindian civilizations , European settlement , forced African labor , and immigration from Europe and the greater Middle East . Urban centres are concentrated in the Andean highlands and the Caribbean coast . Colombia has been inhabited by various American Indian peoples since at least 12,000 BCE , including the Muisca , Quimbaya , and the Tairona . Spaniards arrived in 1499 and by the mid-16th century annexed part of the region , establishing the New Kingdom of Granada , with Santafé de Bogotá as its capital . Independence from Spain was achieved in 1819 , but by 1830 the Gran Colombia Federation was dissolved , with what is now Colombia and Panama emerging as the Republic of New Granada . The new sovereign state experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation ( 1858 ) , and then the United States of Colombia ( 1863 ) , before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886 . Panama seceded in 1903 , leading to Colombia 's present borders . Beginning in the 1960s , the country suffered from an asymmetric low-intensity armed conflict and political violence , both of which escalated in the 1990s . Since 2005 , there has been significant improvement in security , stability , and rule of law ." } ] }, { "value": "62.33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.33", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Costa Rica", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Costa_Rica", "summary": "Costa Rica ( /ˌkɒstə ˈriːkə/ , US : /ˌkoʊstə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ ˈkosta ˈrika ] ; literally Rich Coast ) , officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish : República de Costa Rica ) , is a country in Central America , bordered by Nicaragua to the north , the Caribbean Sea to the northeast , Panama to the southeast , the Pacific Ocean to the southwest , and Ecuador to the south of Cocos Island . It has a population of around 5 million in a land area of 51,060 square kilometers ( 19,714 square miles ) . An estimated 333,980 people live in the capital and largest city , San José , with around 2 million people in the surrounding metropolitan area . The sovereign state is a unitary presidential constitutional republic . It is known for its long-standing and stable democracy , and for its highly educated workforce , most of whom speak English . The country spends roughly 6.9% of its budget ( 2016 ) on education , compared to a global average of 4.4% . Its economy , once heavily dependent on agriculture , has diversified to include sectors such as finance , corporate services for foreign companies , pharmaceuticals , and ecotourism . Many foreign manufacturing and services companies operate in Costa Rica 's Free Trade Zones ( FTZ ) where they benefit from investment and tax incentives . Costa Rica was sparsely inhabited by indigenous peoples before coming under Spanish rule in the 16th century . It remained a peripheral colony of the empire until independence as part of the First Mexican Empire , followed by membership in the United Provinces of Central America , from which it formally declared independence in 1847 . Following the brief Costa Rican Civil War in 1948 , it permanently abolished its army in 1949 , becoming one of only a few sovereign nations without a standing army . The country has consistently performed favorably in the Human Development Index ( HDI ) , placing 63rd in the world as of 2017 [ update ] , among the highest of any Latin American nation ." } ] }, { "value": "69.03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.37", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Cuba", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Cuba", "summary": "Cuba ( /ˈkjuːbə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ˈkuβa ] ) , officially the Republic of Cuba ( Spanish : República de Cuba ( help·info ) ) , is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos . Cuba is located in the northern Caribbean where the Caribbean Sea , Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean meet . It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula ( Mexico ) , south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas , west of Haiti and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . Havana is the largest city and capital ; other major cities include Santiago de Cuba and Camagüey . The area of the Republic of Cuba is 110,860 square kilometers ( 42,800 sq mi ) ( 109,884 square kilometers ( 42,426 sq mi ) without the territorial waters ) . The island of Cuba is the largest island in Cuba and in the Caribbean , with an area of 105,006 square kilometers ( 40,543 sq mi ) , and the second-most populous after Hispaniola , with over 11 million inhabitants . The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited by the Ciboney Taíno people from the 4th millennium BC until Spanish colonization in the 15th century . From the 15th century , it was a colony of Spain until the Spanish-American War of 1898 , when Cuba was occupied by the United States and gained nominal independence as a de facto United States protectorate in 1902 . As a fragile republic , in 1940 Cuba attempted to strengthen its democratic system , but mounting political radicalization and social strife culminated in a coup and subsequent dictatorship under Fulgencio Batista in 1952 . Open corruption and oppression under Batista 's rule led to his ousting in January 1959 by the 26th of July Movement , which afterwards established communist rule under the leadership of Fidel Castro . Since 1965 , the state has been governed by the Communist Party of Cuba . The country was a point of contention during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States , and a nuclear war nearly broke out during the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 ." } ] }, { "value": "56.48", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Dominican Republic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Dominican_Republic", "summary": "The Dominican Republic ( /dəˈmɪnɪkən/ də-MIN-ik-ən ; Spanish : República Dominicana , pronounced [ reˈpuβlika ðominiˈkana ] ( listen ) ) is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean region . It occupies the eastern five-eighths of the island , which it shares with the Republic of Haiti , making Hispaniola one of only two Caribbean islands , along with Saint Martin , that are shared by two sovereign states . The Dominican Republic is the second-largest nation in the Antilles by area ( after Cuba ) at 48,671 square kilometers ( 18,792 sq mi ) , and third by population with approximately 10.5 million people ( 2020 est . ) , of whom approximately 3.3 million live in the metropolitan area of Santo Domingo , the capital city . The native Taíno people had inhabited Hispaniola before the arrival of the Europeans , dividing it into five chiefdoms . The Taíno people had eventually moved north over many years , and lived around the Caribbean islands . The Taíno natives had done quite well for themselves and were on their way to being an organized civilization . Christopher Columbus explored and claimed the island , landing here on his first voyage in 1492 . The colony of Santo Domingo became the site of the first permanent European settlement in the Americas , the oldest continuously inhabited city , and the first seat of the Spanish colonial rule in the New World . Meanwhile , France occupied the western third of Hispaniola , naming their colony Saint-Domingue , which became the independent state of Haiti in 1804 . After more than three hundred years of Spanish rule the Dominican people declared independence in November 1821 . The leader of the independence movement José Núñez de Cáceres , intended the Dominican nation to unite with the country of Gran Colombia , but the newly independent Dominicans were forcefully annexed by Haiti in February 1822 ." } ] }, { "value": "52.44", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.79", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ecuador", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ecuador", "summary": "Ecuador ( /ˈɛkwədɔːr/ ( listen ) EK-wə-dor ; Spanish pronunciation : [ ekwaˈðoɾ ] ( listen ) ; Quechua : Ikwayur ; Shuar : Ecuador or Ekuatur ) , officially the Republic of Ecuador ( Spanish : República del Ecuador , which literally translates as Republic of the Equator ; Quechua : Ikwadur Ripuwlika ; Shuar : Ekuatur Nunka ) , is a country in northwestern South America , bordered by Colombia on the north , Peru on the east and south , and the Pacific Ocean on the west . Ecuador also includes the Galápagos Islands in the Pacific , about 1,000 kilometres ( 620 mi ) west of the mainland . The capital city is Quito , which is also its largest city . The territories of modern-day Ecuador were once home to a variety of Amerindian groups that were gradually incorporated into the Inca Empire during the 15th century . The territory was colonized by Spain during the 16th century , achieving independence in 1820 as part of Gran Colombia , from which it emerged as its own sovereign state in 1830 . The legacy of both empires is reflected in Ecuador 's ethnically diverse population , with most of its 17.1 million people being mestizos , followed by large minorities of European , Amerindian , and African descendants . Spanish is the official language and is spoken by a majority of the population , though 13 Amerindian languages are also recognized , including Quichua and Shuar . The sovereign state of Ecuador is a middle-income representative democratic republic with a developing economy that is highly dependent on commodities , namely petroleum and agricultural products . It is governed as a democratic presidential republic . One of 18 megadiverse countries in the world , Ecuador hosts many endemic plants and animals , such as those of the Galápagos Islands . In recognition of its unique ecological heritage , the new constitution of 2008 is the first in the world to recognize legally enforceable Rights of Nature , or ecosystem rights . It also has the fifth lowest homicide rate in the Americas ." } ] }, { "value": "60.55", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.09", "urls": [] }, { "value": "El Salvador", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/El_Salvador", "summary": "El Salvador ( /ɛl ˈsælvədɔːr/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ el salβaˈðoɾ ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of El Salvador ( Spanish : República de El Salvador , literally Republic of The Savior ) , is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America . It is bordered on the northeast by Honduras , on the northwest by Guatemala , and on the south by the Pacific Ocean . El Salvador 's capital and largest city is San Salvador . As of 2018 [ update ] , the country had a population of approximately 6.42 million . El Salvador was for centuries inhabited by several Mesoamerican nations , especially the Cuzcatlecs , as well as the Lenca and Maya . In the early 16th century , the Spanish Empire conquered the territory , incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of New Spain ruled from Mexico City . However the Viceroyalty of Mexico had little or no influence in the daily affairs of the Central American isthmus , which would be colonized in 1524 . In 1609 the area became the Captaincy General of Guatemala , from which El Salvador was part of until its independence from Spain , which took place in 1821 , as part of the First Mexican Empire , then further seceded , as part of the Federal Republic of Central America , in 1823 . When the Republic dissolved in 1841 , El Salvador became a sovereign nation , then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and Nicaragua called the Greater Republic of Central America , which lasted from 1895 to 1898 . From the late 19th to the mid-20th century , El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups , revolts , and a succession of authoritarian rulers . Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the devastating Salvadoran Civil War ( 1979-1992 ) , which was fought between the military-led government and a coalition of left-wing guerrilla groups . The conflict ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords ." } ] }, { "value": "52.08", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Guatemala", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guatemala", "summary": "Guatemala ( /ˌɡwɑːtəˈmɑːlə/ ( listen ) GWAH-tə-MAH-lə ; Spanish : [ gwateˈmala ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Guatemala ( Spanish : República de Guatemala ) , is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west , Belize and the Caribbean to the northeast , Honduras to the east , El Salvador to the southeast and the Pacific Ocean to the south . With an estimated population of around 17.2 million , it is the most populous country in Central America . Guatemala is a representative democracy ; its capital and largest city is Nueva Guatemala de la Asunción , also known as Guatemala City . The territory of modern Guatemala once formed the core of the Maya civilization , which extended across Mesoamerica . Most of the country was conquered by the Spanish in the 16th century , becoming part of the viceroyalty of New Spain . Guatemala attained independence in 1821 as part of the Federal Republic of Central America , which dissolved by 1841 . From the mid- to late-19th century , Guatemala experienced chronic instability and civil strife . Beginning in the early 20th century , it was ruled by a series of dictators backed by the United Fruit Company and the United States government . In 1944 , the authoritarian leader Jorge Ubico was overthrown by a pro-democratic military coup , initiating a decade-long revolution that led to sweeping social and economic reforms . A U.S.-backed military coup in 1954 ended the revolution and installed a dictatorship . From 1960 to 1996 , Guatemala endured a bloody civil war fought between the US-backed government and leftist rebels , including genocidal massacres of the Maya population perpetrated by the military . Since a United Nations-negotiated peace accord , Guatemala has witnessed both economic growth and successful democratic elections , though it continues to struggle with high rates of poverty , crime , drug trade , and instability ." } ] }, { "value": "51.88", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.03", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Haiti", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Haiti", "summary": "Haiti ( /ˈheɪti/ ( listen ) ; French : Haïti [ a.iti ] ; Haitian Creole : Ayiti [ ajiti ] ) , officially the Republic of Haiti ( French : République d'Haïti ; Haitian Creole : Repiblik D Ayiti ) and formerly called Hayti , [ note 1 ] is a country located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago of the Caribbean Sea , to the east of Cuba and Jamaica and south of The Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands . It occupies the western three-eighths of the island which it shares with the Dominican Republic . To its south-west lies the small island of Navassa Island , which is claimed by Haiti but is disputed as a United States territory under federal administration . Haiti is 27,750 square kilometers ( 10,714 sq mi ) in size and has an estimated population of 11.1 million , making it the most populous country in the Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) and the second-most populous country in the Caribbean after Cuba . The island was originally inhabited by the indigenous Taíno people , who migrated from South America . The first Europeans arrived on 5 December 1492 during the first voyage of Christopher Columbus , who initially believed he had found India or China . Columbus subsequently founded the first European settlement in the Americas , La Navidad , on what is now the northeastern coast of Haiti . The island was claimed by Spain and named La Española , forming part of the Spanish Empire until the early 17th century . However , competing claims and settlements by the French led to the western portion of the island being ceded to France in 1697 , which was subsequently named Saint-Domingue . French colonists established lucrative sugarcane plantations , worked by vast numbers of slaves brought from Africa , which made the colony one of the richest in the world . In the midst of the French Revolution ( 1789-99 ) , slaves and free people of color launched the Haitian Revolution ( 1791-1804 ) , led by a former slave and the first black general of the French Army , Toussaint Louverture . After 12 years of conflict , Napoleon Bonaparte 's forces were defeated by Louverture 's successor , Jean-Jacques Dessalines ( later Emperor Jacques I ) , who declared Haiti 's sovereignty on 1 January 1804 - the first independent nation of Latin America and the Caribbean , the second republic in the Americas , the first country to abolish slavery , and the only state in history established by a successful slave revolt ." } ] }, { "value": "41.15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.24", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Honduras", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Honduras", "summary": "Honduras ( /hɒnˈdjʊərəs , -ˈdʊər-/ ( listen ) , /-æs/ ; Spanish : [ onˈduɾas ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Honduras ( Spanish : República de Honduras ) , is a country in Central America . The republic of Honduras is bordered to the west by Guatemala , to the southwest by El Salvador , to the southeast by Nicaragua , to the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca , and to the north by the Gulf of Honduras , a large inlet of the Caribbean Sea . Honduras was home to several important Mesoamerican cultures , most notably the Maya , before the Spanish Colonization in the sixteenth century . The Spanish introduced Roman Catholicism and the now predominant Spanish language , along with numerous customs that have blended with the indigenous culture . Honduras became independent in 1821 and has since been a republic , although it has consistently endured much social strife and political instability , and remains one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere . In 1960 , the northern part of what was the Mosquito Coast was transferred from Nicaragua to Honduras by the International Court of Justice . The nation 's economy is primarily agricultural , making it especially vulnerable to natural disasters such as Hurricane Mitch in 1998 . The lower class is primarily agriculturally based while wealth is concentrated in the country 's urban centers . Honduras has a Human Development Index of 0.625 , classifying it as a nation with medium development . When the Index is adjusted for income inequality , its Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index is 0.443 . Honduran society is predominantly Mestizo ; however , American Indian , black and white individuals also live in Honduras ( 2017 ) . The nation had a relatively high political stability until its 2009 coup and again with the 2017 presidential election ." } ] }, { "value": "52.54", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.96", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Mexico", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Mexico", "summary": "Mexico ( Spanish : México [ ˈmexiko ] ( listen ) ; Nahuatl languages : Mēxihco ) , officially the United Mexican States ( UMS ; Spanish : Estados Unidos Mexicanos , EUM [ esˈtaðos uˈniðoz mexiˈkanos ] ( listen ) , lit . Mexican United States ) , is a country in the southern portion of North America . It is bordered to the north by the United States ; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean ; to the southeast by Guatemala , Belize , and the Caribbean Sea ; and to the east by the Gulf of Mexico . Covering almost 2,000,000 square kilometers ( 770,000 sq mi ) , the nation is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent state in the world . With an estimated population of over 129 million people , Mexico is the tenth most populous country and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world , while being the second most populous nation in Latin America after Brazil . Mexico is a federation comprising 31 states plus Mexico City ( CDMX ) , which is the capital city and its most populous city . Other metropolises in the country include Guadalajara , Monterrey , Puebla , Toluca , Tijuana , and León . Pre-Columbian Mexico dates to about 8000 BC and is identified as one of six cradles of civilization and was home to many advanced Mesoamerican civilizations such as the Olmec , Toltec , Teotihuacan , Zapotec , Maya , and Aztec before first contact with Europeans . In 1521 , the Spanish Empire conquered and colonized the territory from its politically powerful base in Mexico-Tenochtitlan ( part of Mexico City ) , which was administered as the viceroyalty of New Spain . The Roman Catholic Church played a powerful role in governing the country as millions were converted to the faith , although King Charles III expelled the Jesuits in the 1770s . The territory became a nation state following its recognition in 1821 after the Mexican War of Independence . The post-independence period was tumultuous , characterized by economic inequality and many contrasting political changes ." } ] }, { "value": "49.11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3.72", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Nicaragua", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Nicaragua", "summary": "Nicaragua ( /ˌnɪkəˈrɑːɡwə , -ˈræɡ- , -ɡjuə/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ nikaˈɾaɣwa ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Nicaragua ( Spanish : República de Nicaragua ( help·info ) ) , is the largest country in the Central American isthmus , bordered by Honduras to the northwest , the Caribbean to the east , Costa Rica to the south , and the Pacific Ocean to the southwest . Managua is the country 's capital and largest city and is also the third-largest city in Central America , behind Tegucigalpa and Guatemala City . The multi-ethnic population of six million includes people of indigenous , European , African , and Asian heritage . The main language is Spanish . Indigenous tribes on the Mosquito Coast speak their own languages and English . Originally inhabited by various indigenous cultures since ancient times , the region was conquered by the Spanish Empire in the 16th century . Nicaragua gained independence from Spain in 1821 . The Mosquito Coast followed a different historical path , being colonized by the English in the 17th century and later coming under British rule . It became an autonomous territory of Nicaragua in 1860 and its northernmost part was transferred to Honduras in 1960 . Since its independence , Nicaragua has undergone periods of political unrest , dictatorship , occupation and fiscal crisis , including the Nicaraguan Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s and the Contra War of the 1980s . The mixture of cultural traditions has generated substantial diversity in folklore , cuisine , music , and literature , particularly the latter , given the literary contributions of Nicaraguan poets and writers such as Rubén Darío . Known as the land of lakes and volcanoes , Nicaragua is also home to the second-largest rainforest of the Americas ." } ] }, { "value": "59.23", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.73", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Panama", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Panama", "summary": "Panama ( /ˈpænəmɑː/ ( listen ) PAN-ə-mah , /pænəˈmɑː/ pan-ə-MAH ; Spanish : Panamá IPA : [ panaˈma ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Republic of Panama ( Spanish : República de Panamá ) , is a transcontinental country in Central America and South America , bordered by Costa Rica to the west , Colombia to the southeast , the Caribbean Sea to the north , and the Pacific Ocean to the south . The capital and largest city is Panama City , whose metropolitan area is home to nearly half the country 's 4 million people . Panama was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Spanish colonists arrived in the 16th century . It broke away from Spain in 1821 and joined the Republic of Gran Colombia , a union of Nueva Granada , Ecuador , and Venezuela . After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831 , Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia . With the backing of the United States , Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903 , allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the US Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914 . The 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties led to the transfer of the Canal from the United States to Panama on December 31 , 1999 . Revenue from canal tolls continues to represent a significant portion of Panama 's GDP , although commerce , banking , and tourism are major and growing sectors . It is regarded as a high-income country . In 2018 Panama ranked 66th in the world in terms of the Human Development Index . In 2018 , Panama was ranked seventh-most competitive economy in Latin America , according to the World Economic Forum 's Global Competitiveness Index . Covering around 40 percent of its land area , Panama 's jungles are home to an abundance of tropical plants and animals - some of them found nowhere else on earth ." } ] }, { "value": "57.94", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paraguay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Paraguay", "summary": "Paraguay ( /ˈpærəɡwaɪ/ ; Spanish pronunciation : [ paɾaˈɣwaj ] ( listen ) ; Guarani : Paraguái , [ paɾaˈɰwaj ] ) , officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish : República del Paraguay ; Guarani : Tetã Paraguái ) , is a country in South America . It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest , Brazil to the east and northeast , and Bolivia to the northwest . Although it is one of only two landlocked countries in South America ( the other is Bolivia ) , the country has coasts , beaches and ports on the Paraguay and Paraná rivers that give exit to the Atlantic Ocean through the Paraná-Paraguay Waterway . Due to its central location in South America , it is sometimes referred to as Corazón de Sudamérica ( Heart of South America ) . Spanish conquistadores arrived in 1524 after navigating northwards from the Río de la Plata to the Paraná River , and finally up the Paraguay River . In 1537 , they established the city of Asunción , which was the first capital of the Governorate of Paraguay and Río de la Plata . Paraguay was the epicenter of the Jesuit Missions , where the Guaraní people were educated and introduced to Christianity and European culture under the direction of the Society of Jesus in Jesuit reductions , mainly during the 17th century . However , after the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish territories in 1767 , Paraguay increasingly became a peripheral colony , with few urban centers and settlers . Following independence from Spain at the beginning of the 19th century , Paraguay was ruled by a series of authoritarian governments who generally implemented nationalist , isolationist and protectionist policies . This period ended with the disastrous Paraguayan War , during which Paraguay lost at least 50% of its prewar population and around 25-33% of its territory to the Triple Alliance of Argentina , Brazil and Uruguay . In the 20th century , Paraguay faced another major international conflict - the Chaco War - against Bolivia , from which the Paraguayans emerged victorious . Afterwards , the country entered a period of military dictatorships , ending with the 35 year regime of Alfredo Stroessner that lasted until he was toppled in 1989 by an internal military coup ." } ] }, { "value": "52.40", "urls": [] }, { "value": "0.64", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Peru", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Peru", "summary": "Peru ( /pəˈruː/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : Perú [ peˈɾu ] ; Quechua : Piruw Republika [ pʰɪɾʊw ] ; Aymara : Piruw Suyu [ pɪɾʊw ] ) , officially the Republic of Peru ( Spanish : República del Perú ( help·info ) ) , is a country in western South America . It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia , in the east by Brazil , in the southeast by Bolivia , in the south by Chile , and in the west by the Pacific Ocean . Peru is a megadiverse country with habitats ranging from the arid plains of the Pacific coastal region in the west to the peaks of the Andes mountains vertically extending from the north to the southeast of the country to the tropical Amazon Basin rainforest in the east with the Amazon river . At 1.28 million km2 ( 0.5 million mi2 ) , Peru is the 19th largest country in the world , and the third largest in South America . Peruvian territory was home to several ancient cultures . Ranging from the Norte Chico civilization starting in 3500 BC , the oldest civilization in the Americas and one of the five cradles of civilization , to the Inca Empire , the largest state in pre-Columbian America , the territory now including Peru has one of the longest histories of civilization of any country , tracing its heritage back to the 4th millennia BCE . The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a viceroyalty that encompassed most of its South American colonies , with its capital in Lima . Peru formally proclaimed independence in 1821 , and following the military campaigns of José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar , and the decisive battle of Ayacucho , Peru completed its independence in 1824 . In the ensuing years , the country enjoyed relative economic and political stability , which ended shortly before the War of the Pacific with Chile . Throughout the 20th century , Peru endured armed territorial disputes , coups , social unrest , and internal conflicts , as well as periods of stability and economic upswing . Alberto Fujimori was elected to the presidency in 1990 ; his government was credited with economically stabilizing Peru and successfully ending the Shining Path insurgency , though he was widely accused of human rights violations and suppression of political dissent . Fujimori left the presidency in 2000 and was charged with human rights violations and imprisoned until his pardon by President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski in 2017 ." } ] }, { "value": "50.29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1.32", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Uruguay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Uruguay", "summary": "Uruguay ( /ˈjʊərəɡwaɪ/ ( listen ) ; Spanish : [ uɾuˈɣwai ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ( Spanish : República Oriental del Uruguay ; Portuguese : República Oriental do Uruguai ) , is a country in the southeastern region of South America . It borders Argentina to its west and Brazil to its north and east , with the Río de la Plata ( River of Silver ) to the south and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast . Uruguay is home to an estimated 3.45 million people , of whom 1.8 million live in the metropolitan area of its capital and largest city , Montevideo . With an area of approximately 176,000 square kilometers ( 68,000 sq mi ) , Uruguay is geographically the second-smallest nation in South America , after Suriname . Uruguay was inhabited by the Charrúa people for approximately 4,000 years before the Portuguese established Colónia do Sacramento in 1680 ; Uruguay was colonized by Europeans relatively late compared with neighboring countries . Montevideo was founded as a military stronghold by the Spanish in the early 18th century , signifying the competing claims over the region . Uruguay won its independence between 1811 and 1828 , following a four-way struggle between Portugal and Spain , and later Argentina and Brazil . It remained subject to foreign influence and intervention throughout the 19th century , with the military playing a recurring role in domestic politics . A series of economic crises put an end to a democratic period that had begun in the early 20th century , culminating in a 1973 coup , which established a civic-military dictatorship . The military government persecuted leftists , socialists , and political opponents , resulting in several deaths and numerous instances of torture by the military ; the military relinquished power to a civilian government in 1985 . Uruguay is today a democratic constitutional republic , with a president who serves as both head of state and head of government . Uruguay is ranked first in Latin America in democracy , peace , low perception of corruption , e-government , and is first in South America when it comes to press freedom , size of the middle class and prosperity ." } ] }, { "value": "57.06", "urls": [] }, { "value": "2.31", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Venezuela", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Venezuela", "summary": "Venezuela ( /ˌvɛnəˈzwɛlə/ ( listen ) ; American Spanish : [ beneˈswela ] ( listen ) ) , officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ( Spanish : República Bolivariana de Venezuela ) , is a country on the northern coast of South America , consisting of a continental landmass and many small islands and islets in the Caribbean Sea . It has a territorial extension of 916,445 km2 ( 353,841 sq mi ) . The continental territory is bordered on the north by the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean , on the west by Colombia , Brazil on the south , Trinidad and Tobago to the north-east and on the east by Guyana . The Venezuelan government maintains a claim against Guyana to Guayana Esequiba , an area of 159,542 km2 ( 61,600 sq mi ) . For its maritime areas , Venezuela exercises sovereignty over 71,295 km2 ( 27,527 sq mi ) of territorial waters , 22,224 km2 ( 8,581 sq mi ) in its contiguous zone , 471,507 km2 ( 182,050 sq mi ) of the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean under the concept of exclusive economic zone , and 99,889 km2 ( 38,567 sq mi ) of continental shelf . This marine area borders those of 13 states . The capital and largest urban agglomeration is the city of Caracas . The country has extremely high biodiversity and is ranked seventh in the world 's list of nations with the most number of species . There are habitats ranging from the Andes Mountains in the west to the Amazon basin rain-forest in the south via extensive llanos plains , the Caribbean coast and the Orinoco River Delta in the east . The sovereign state is a federal presidential republic consisting of 23 states , the Capital District ( covering Caracas ) , and federal dependencies ( covering Venezuela 's offshore islands ) . Venezuela also claims all Guyanese territory west of the Essequibo River , a 159,500-square-kilometre ( 61,583 sq mi ) tract dubbed Guayana Esequiba or the Zona en Reclamación ( the zone under dispute ) . Venezuela is among the most urbanized countries in Latin America ; the vast majority of Venezuelans live in the cities of the north , especially in the capital ( Caracas ) which is also the largest city in Venezuela ." } ] }, { "value": "55.62", "urls": [] }, { "value": "5.45", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Economy -- Environment", "section_text": " Sumidero Canyon , located in Chiapas , Mexico . Glaucous macaw ( behind hyacinth macaw ) and other macaws . Macaws are long-tailed , often colorful New World parrots . [ 174 ]", "uid": "Latin_America_3", "intro": "Latin America[a] is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Romance languages such as Spanish and Portuguese are predominantly spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America. The term Latin America was first used in an 1856 conference with the title Initiative of the Americas. Idea for a Federal Congress of the Republics (Iniciativa de la América. Idea de un Congreso Federal de las Repúblicas), by the Chilean politician Francisco Bilbao. The term was used also by Napoleon III's French government in the 1860s as Amérique latine to consider French-speaking territories in the Americas (French Canadians, French Louisiana, French Guiana, Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Martin, Saint Barthélemy), along with the larger group of countries where Spanish and Portuguese languages prevailed, including the Spanish-speaking portions of the United States (Southwestern United States and Florida) Today, areas of Canada (such as Quebec) and the United States (with the exception of Puerto Rico) where Spanish and French are predominant and are typically not included in definitions of Latin America even if technically speaking they are. Latin America consists of 20 countries and 14 dependent territories that cover an area that stretches from Saint Pierre and Miquelon to Tierra del Fuego and includes much of the Caribbean. It has an area of approximately 19,197,000 km2 (7,412,000 sq mi), almost 13% of the Earth's land surface area. As of 2018, its population was estimated at more than 642 million[b] and in 2019, Latin America had a combined nominal GDP of US$5,188,250 million and a GDP PPP of 10,284,588 million USD." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci", "title": "List of works by Leonardo da Vinci", "header": [ "Details", "Pages", "Notes", "Dates" ], "data": [ { "value": "Codex Atlanticus C.A . Pinacoteca Ambrosiana , Milan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Atlanticus", "summary": "The Codex Atlanticus ( Atlantic Codex ) is a twelve-volume , bound set of drawings and writings ( in Italian ) by Leonardo da Vinci , the largest such set ; its name indicates the large paper used to preserve original Leonardo notebook pages , which was that used for atlases . It comprises 1,119 leaves dating from 1478 to 1519 , the contents covering a great variety of subjects , from flight to weaponry to musical instruments and from mathematics to botany . This codex was gathered in the late 16th century by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni , who dismembered some of Leonardo 's notebooks in its formation . It is currently preserved at the Biblioteca Ambrosiana in Milan ." } ] }, { "value": "1,119", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12 volumes , collated by the sculptor Pompeo Leoni", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pompeo_Leoni", "summary": "Leone Leoni ( ca . 1509 - 22 July 1590 ) was an Italian sculptor of international outlook who travelled in Italy , Germany , Austria , France , Spain and the Netherlands . Leoni is regarded as the finest of the Cinquecento medallists . He made his reputation in commissions he received from the Habsburg monarchs Charles V , Holy Roman Emperor and Philip II of Spain . His usual medium was bronze , although he also worked in marble and alabaster , carved gemstones and probably left some finished work in wax ( in which many of his sculptures were modelled ) , as well as designing coins . He mainly produced portraits , and was repeatedly used by the Spanish , and also the Austrian , Habsburgs ." } ] }, { "value": "1478-1519", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Windsor W. Royal Collection , Windsor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Collection", "summary": "The Royal Collection of the British Royal family is the largest private art collection in the world . Spread among 13 occupied and historic royal residences in the United Kingdom , the collection is owned by Elizabeth II and overseen by the Royal Collection Trust . The Queen owns some of the collection in right of the Crown and some as a private individual . It is made up of over one million objects , including 7,000 paintings , over 150,000 works on paper , this including 30,000 watercolours and drawings , and about 450,000 photographs , as well as tapestries , furniture , ceramics , textiles , carriages , weapons , armour , jewellery , clocks , musical instruments , tableware , plants , manuscripts , books , and sculptures . Some of the buildings which house the collection , like Hampton Court Palace , are open to the public and not lived in by the Royal Family , whilst others , like Windsor Castle and Kensington Palace , are both residences and open to the public . The Queen 's Gallery at Buckingham Palace in London was built specially to exhibit pieces from the collection on a rotating basis . There is a similar art gallery next to the Palace of Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh , and a Drawings Gallery at Windsor Castle . The Crown Jewels are on public display in the Jewel House at the Tower of London . About 3,000 objects are on loan to museums throughout the world , and many others are lent on a temporary basis to exhibitions ." } ] }, { "value": "153", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1478-1518", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Arundel B.L. , Arundel MS. or Br.M . British Library , London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Arundel", "summary": "Codex Arundel , ( British Library , Arundel , 263 ) is a bound collection of pages of notes written by Leonardo da Vinci and dating mostly from between 1480 and 1518 . The codex contains a number of treatises on a variety of subjects , including mechanics and geometry . The name of the codex came from the Earl of Arundel , who acquired it in Spain in the 1630s . It forms part of the British Library Arundel Manuscripts ." }, { "url": "/wiki/British_Museum", "summary": "The British Museum , in the Bloomsbury area of London , United Kingdom , is a public institution dedicated to human history , art and culture . Its permanent collection of some eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence , having been widely sourced during the era of the British Empire . It documents the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present . [ a ] It was the first public national museum in the world . The British Museum was established in 1753 , largely based on the collections of the Irish physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane . It first opened to the public in 1759 , in Montagu House , on the site of the current building . Its expansion over the following 250 years was largely a result of expanding British colonisation and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions , the first being the Natural History Museum in 1881 . In 1973 , the British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the British Museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport , and as with all national museums in the UK it charges no admission fee , except for loan exhibitions . Its ownership of some of its most famous objects originating in other countries is disputed and remains the subject of international controversy , most notably in the case of the Parthenon Marbles ." }, { "url": "/wiki/British_Library", "summary": "The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom and the second largest library in the world by number of items catalogued . It is estimated to contain 150 million+ items from many countries . As a legal deposit library , the British Library receives copies of all books produced in the United Kingdom and Ireland , including a significant proportion of overseas titles distributed in the UK . The Library is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture , Media and Sport . The British Library is a major research library , with items in many languages and in many formats , both print and digital : books , manuscripts , journals , newspapers , magazines , sound and music recordings , videos , play-scripts , patents , databases , maps , stamps , prints , drawings . The Library 's collections include around 14 million books , along with substantial holdings of manuscripts and historical items dating back as far as 2000 BC . In addition to receiving a copy of every publication produced in the UK and Ireland ( approximately 8,000 per day ) , the Library has a programme for content acquisitions . The Library adds some three million items every year occupying 9.6 kilometres ( 6.0 mi ) of new shelf space . There is space in the library for over 1,200 readers . Prior to 1973 , the Library was part of the British Museum . The British Library Act 1972 detached the library department from the museum , but it continued to host the now separated British Library in the same Reading Room and building as the museum until 1997 . The Library is now located in a purpose-built building on the north side of Euston Road in St Pancras , London ( between Euston railway station and St Pancras railway station ) , and has a document storage centre and reading room near Boston Spa , near Wetherby in West Yorkshire ." } ] }, { "value": "283", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1480-1518", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Trivulzianus Triv . Biblioteca Trivulziana , Castello Sforzesco , Milan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Trivulzianus", "summary": "The Codex Trivulzianus is a manuscript by Leonardo da Vinci that originally contained 62 sheets , but today only 55 remain . It documents Leonardo 's attempts to improve his modest literary education , through long lists of learned words copied from authoritative lexical and grammatical sources . The manuscript also contains studies of military and religious architecture . The Codex Trivulzianus is kept at Sforza Castle in Milan , Italy , but is not normally available to the public . In the main museum a room also contains frescos painted by Leonardo ." } ] }, { "value": "55 ( originally 62 )", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "c. 1487-1490", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Forster Forster I , II and III ( including I , I and II ) ; formerly known as S.K.M . I , II and III Victoria and Albert Museum , London", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/South_Kensington_Museum", "summary": "The Victoria and Albert Museum ( often abbreviated as the V & A ) in London is the world 's largest museum of applied and decorative arts and design , as well as sculpture , housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects . It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . The V & A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , in an area that has become known as Albertopolis because of its association with Prince Albert , the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated . These include the Natural History Museum , the Science Museum , the Royal Albert Hall and Imperial College London . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . As with other national British museums , entrance is free . The V & A covers 12.5 acres ( 5.1 ha ) and 145 galleries . Its collection spans 5,000 years of art , from ancient times to the present day , from the cultures of Europe , North America , Asia and North Africa . However , the art of antiquity in most areas is not collected . The holdings of ceramics , glass , textiles , costumes , silver , ironwork , jewellery , furniture , medieval objects , sculpture , prints and printmaking , drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world . The museum owns the world 's largest collection of post-classical sculpture , with the holdings of Italian Renaissance items being the largest outside Italy . The departments of Asia include art from South Asia , China , Japan , Korea and the Islamic world ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum", "summary": "The Victoria and Albert Museum ( often abbreviated as the V & A ) in London is the world 's largest museum of applied and decorative arts and design , as well as sculpture , housing a permanent collection of over 2.27 million objects . It was founded in 1852 and named after Queen Victoria and Prince Albert . The V & A is located in the Brompton district of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , in an area that has become known as Albertopolis because of its association with Prince Albert , the Albert Memorial and the major cultural institutions with which he was associated . These include the Natural History Museum , the Science Museum , the Royal Albert Hall and Imperial College London . The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Digital , Culture , Media and Sport . As with other national British museums , entrance is free . The V & A covers 12.5 acres ( 5.1 ha ) and 145 galleries . Its collection spans 5,000 years of art , from ancient times to the present day , from the cultures of Europe , North America , Asia and North Africa . However , the art of antiquity in most areas is not collected . The holdings of ceramics , glass , textiles , costumes , silver , ironwork , jewellery , furniture , medieval objects , sculpture , prints and printmaking , drawings and photographs are among the largest and most comprehensive in the world . The museum owns the world 's largest collection of post-classical sculpture , with the holdings of Italian Renaissance items being the largest outside Italy . The departments of Asia include art from South Asia , China , Japan , Korea and the Islamic world ." } ] }, { "value": "354", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Five pocket notebooks bound into three volumes , here listed in chronological order . I.2 ( Milan , c. 1487-1490 ) : Discusses hydraulic engineering , the moving and raising of water and perpetual motion . III ( Milan , c. 1490-1493 : Notes on geometry , weights and hydraulics interspersed with sketches of horses legs , what might be designs for ball costumes and a description of the anatomy of the human head . II.1 ( Milan , c. 1495 ) : Notes on the theory of proportions and other miscellaneous material . II.2 ( Milan , 1495-1497 ) : Notes on the theory of weights , traction , stresses and balances . I.1 ( Florence , 1505 ) : Notes on the measurement of solid bodies and on topology", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Perpetual_motion", "summary": "Perpetual motion is the motion of bodies that continues forever . A perpetual motion machine is a hypothetical machine that can do work indefinitely without an energy source . This kind of machine is impossible , as it would violate the first or second law of thermodynamics . These laws of thermodynamics apply regardless of the size of the system . For example , the motions and rotations of celestial bodies such as planets may appear perpetual , but are actually subject to many processes that slowly dissipate their kinetic energy , such as solar wind , interstellar medium resistance , gravitational radiation and thermal radiation , so they will not keep moving forever . Thus , machines that extract energy from finite sources will not operate indefinitely , because they are driven by the energy stored in the source , which will eventually be exhausted . A common example is devices powered by ocean currents , whose energy is ultimately derived from the Sun , which itself will eventually burn out . Machines powered by more obscure sources have been proposed , but are subject to the same inescapable laws , and will eventually wind down . In 2017 , new states of matter , time crystals , were discovered in which on a microscopic scale the component atoms are in continual repetitive motion , thus satisfying the literal definition of perpetual motion . However , these do not constitute perpetual motion machines in the traditional sense or violate thermodynamic laws because they are in their quantum ground state , so no energy can be extracted from them ; they have motion without energy ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Topology", "summary": "In mathematics , topology ( from the Greek τόπος , 'place ' , and λόγος , 'study ' ) is concerned with the properties of a geometric object that are preserved under continuous deformations , such as stretching , twisting , crumpling and bending , but not tearing or gluing . A topological space is a set endowed with a structure , called a topology , which allows defining continuous deformation of subspaces , and , more generally , all kinds of continuity . Euclidean spaces , and , more generally , metric spaces are examples of a topological space , as any distance or metric defines a topology . The deformations that are considered in topology are homeomorphisms and homotopies . A property that is invariant under such deformations is a topological property . Basic examples of topological properties are : the dimension , which allows distinguishing between a line and a surface ; compactness , which allows distinguishing between a line and a circle ; connectedness , which allows distinguishing a circle from two non-intersecting circles . The ideas underlying topology go back to Gottfried Leibniz , who in the 17th century envisioned the geometria situs and analysis situs . Leonhard Euler 's Seven Bridges of Königsberg problem and polyhedron formula are arguably the field 's first theorems . The term topology was introduced by Johann Benedict Listing in the 19th century , although it was not until the first decades of the 20th century that the idea of a topological space was developed ." } ] }, { "value": "1487-1505", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Paris Manuscripts A , B , C , D , E , F , G , H ( including H , H and H ) , I ( including I and I ) , K ( including K , K and K ) , L and M Bibliothèque de lInstitut de France , Paris", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Institut_de_France", "summary": "The Institut de France ( French pronunciation : ​ [ ɛ̃stity də fʁɑ̃s ] , Institute of France ) is a French learned society , grouping five académies , including the Académie française . The Institute , located in Paris , manages approximately 1,000 foundations , as well as museums and châteaux open for visit . It also awards prizes and subsidies , which amounted to a total of over €27 million per year in 2017 . Most of these prizes are awarded by the Institute on the recommendation of the académies ." } ] }, { "value": "more than 2500", "urls": [] }, { "value": "12 volumes , here listed in chronological order . B ( 1488-1490 ; 84 folios ) : Notebook including designs for flying machines ( including the helicopter ) , a submarine , centrally-planned churches and war machines . C ( 1490-91 ; 28 folios . One section missing . ) Treatise on light and shade ; also discusses flow of water and percussion . A ( c. 1492 ) : Fragment of a larger MS which included the Codex Ashburnham II . Subjects covered include painting , perspective , water and mechanics . H ( 1493-94 ; 142 folios ) : Three pocket notebooks bound together . Discusses Euclidean geometry and the design of drawing materials . M ( late 1490s-1500 ; 48 folios ) : A pocket notebook on geometry , ballistics and botany . L ( 1497-1502 ; 94 folios ) : A notebook on military engineering , used by Leonardo when he was in the employ of Cesare Borgia . K ( 1503-1508 ; 128 folios ) : Three pocket notebooks , mainly on geometry . I ( 1497-1505 ; 139 folios ) : Two pocket notebooks with notes on geometry , architecture , Latin , perspective and proportions for painters . D ( 1508-09 ; 10 folios with 20 drawings ) : Discusses theories of vision . F ( 1508-1513 ; 96 folios ) : Discusses water , optics , geology and astronomy . E ( 1513-14 ; originally 96 folios ) : Discusses weights and the effects of gravity , an invention for draining the Pontine Marshes , geometry , painting and the flight of birds . G ( 1510-1515 ; 93 folios ) : Primarily discusses botany", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Euclidean_geometry", "summary": "Euclidean geometry is a mathematical system attributed to Alexandrian Greek mathematician Euclid , which he described in his textbook on geometry : the Elements . Euclid 's method consists in assuming a small set of intuitively appealing axioms , and deducing many other propositions ( theorems ) from these . Although many of Euclid 's results had been stated by earlier mathematicians , Euclid was the first to show how these propositions could fit into a comprehensive deductive and logical system . The Elements begins with plane geometry , still taught in secondary school ( high school ) as the first axiomatic system and the first examples of formal proof . It goes on to the solid geometry of three dimensions . Much of the Elements states results of what are now called algebra and number theory , explained in geometrical language . For more than two thousand years , the adjective Euclidean was unnecessary because no other sort of geometry had been conceived . Euclid 's axioms seemed so intuitively obvious ( with the possible exception of the parallel postulate ) that any theorem proved from them was deemed true in an absolute , often metaphysical , sense . Today , however , many other self-consistent non-Euclidean geometries are known , the first ones having been discovered in the early 19th century . An implication of Albert Einstein 's theory of general relativity is that physical space itself is not Euclidean , and Euclidean space is a good approximation for it only over short distances ( relative to the strength of the gravitational field ) . Euclidean geometry is an example of synthetic geometry , in that it proceeds logically from axioms describing basic properties of geometric objects such as points and lines , to propositions about those objects , all without the use of coordinates to specify those objects . This is in contrast to analytic geometry , which uses coordinates to translate geometric propositions into algebraic formulas ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cesare_Borgia", "summary": "Cesare Borgia ( Italian pronunciation : [ ˈtʃeːzare ˈbɔrdʒa , ˈtʃɛː- ] ; Valencian : Cèsar Borja [ ˈsɛzaɾ ˈbɔɾdʒa ] ; Spanish : César Borja [ ˈθesaɾ ˈβoɾxa ] ; 13 September 1475 - 12 March 1507 ) was an Italian and Aragonese politician and condottiero ( mercenary leader ) whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Machiavelli . He was an illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI . After initially entering the church and becoming a cardinal on his father 's election to the Papacy , he became , after the death of his brother in 1498 , the first person to resign a cardinalate . He served as a condottiero for the King of France Louis XII around 1500 and occupied Milan and Naples during the Italian Wars . At the same time he carved out a state for himself in Central Italy , but after his father 's death he was unable to retain power for long . According to Machiavelli , this was not due to a lack of foresight , but his bad choice in creating a new pope ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Pontine_Marshes", "summary": "The Pontine Marshes ( /ˈpɒntaɪn/ , also US : /ˈpɒntiːn/ ; Italian : Agro Pontino [ ˈaːɡro ponˈtiːno ] , formerly also Paludi Pontine ; Latin : Pomptinus Ager by Titus Livius , Pomptina Palus ( singular ) and Pomptinae Paludes ( plural ) by Pliny the Elder ) is an approximately quadrangular area of former marshland in the Lazio Region of central Italy , extending along the coast southeast of Rome about 45 km ( 28 mi ) from just east of Anzio to Terracina ( ancient Tarracina ) , varying in distance inland between the Tyrrhenian Sea and the Volscian Mountains ( the Monti Lepini in the north , the Monti Ausoni in the center , and the Monti Aurunci in the south ) from 15 to 25 km ( 9.3 to 15.5 mi ) . The northwestern border runs approximately from the mouth of the river Astura along the river and from its upper reaches to Cori in the Monti Lepini . The former marsh is a low tract of mainly agricultural land created by draining and filling , separated from the sea by sand dunes . The area amounts to about 80,000 ha ( 800 km2 ; 310 sq mi ) . The Via Appia , a Roman military road constructed in 312 BC , crosses the inland side of the former marsh in a long , straight stretch flanked by trees . Before then , travelers had to use the Via Latina along the flanks of the mountains ; Terracina could not be reached across the marsh . Further southward along the coast as far as Minturno is another stretch of former coastal marsh called the South Pontino , the largest section being between Terracina and Sperlonga , as far inland as Fondi . It was part of ancient Latium adiectum and still belongs to Lazio . Bordered by the Aurunci Mountains , this land is mainly reclaimed , as well , but the more frequent incursion of hills permitted more dense settlements . Leaving Terracina , the Via Appia crosses it , as well . The marsh was an extensive alluvial plain at about sea level ( some above , some below ) created by the failure of the streams draining the mountains to find clearly defined outlets to the sea through the barrier dunes . Above sea level , it was a forested swamp ; below , it was mud flats and pools ." } ] }, { "value": "1488-1505", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Madrid Madrid I and Madrid II Biblioteca Nacional de España , Madrid", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Madrid_(Leonardo)", "summary": "The Madrid Codices I-II ( I - Ms. 8937 i II - Ms. 8936 ) , are two manuscripts by Leonardo da Vinci which were discovered in the Biblioteca Nacional de España in Madrid in 1965 by Dr. Jules Piccus , Language Professor at the University of Massachusetts . The Madrid Codices I was finished during 1490 and 1499 , and II from 1503 to 1505 . The two codices were brought to Spain by Pompeo Leoni , a sculptor in the court of Philip II . After various changes of ownership , they were transferred to the monastic library of El Escorial and finally to the Biblioteca Real , where they remained unknown for 252 years ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_España", "summary": "The Biblioteca Nacional de España ( National Library of Spain ) is a major public library , the largest in Spain , and one of the largest in the world . It is located in Madrid , on the Paseo de Recoletos ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Two volumes , rediscovered in 1966 . I ( 1490s ) : Mainly concerned with the science of mechanisms . II ( 1503-04 ) : Miscellaneous drawings , including maps of the Arno relating to the project to divert its course and notes and drawings relating to the casting of the Sforza monument", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Arno", "summary": "The Arno is a river in the Tuscany region of Italy . It is the most important river of central Italy after the Tiber ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Sforza_monument", "summary": "Leonardo 's Horse ( also known as Gran Cavallo ) is a sculpture that was commissioned of Leonardo da Vinci in 1482 by Duke of Milan Ludovico il Moro , but not completed . It was intended to be the largest equestrian statue in the world , a monument to the duke 's father Francesco Sforza . Leonardo did extensive preparatory work for it but produced only a clay model , which was later destroyed . About five centuries later , Leonardo 's surviving design materials were used as the basis for sculptures intended to bring the project to fruition ." } ] }, { "value": "1490s-1504", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Ashburnham Ash.I . or B.N.2037 ( formerly part of MS.B . ) Ash.II or B.N.2038 ( formerly part of MS.A . ) Bibliothèque de lInstitut de France , Paris", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Two volumes , taken out of Paris Manuscripts A and B and sold to the Earl of Ashburnham , who returned them to Paris in 1890", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bertram_Ashburnham,_5th_Earl_of_Ashburnham", "summary": "Bertram Ashburnham , 5th Earl of Ashburnham ( 28 October 1840 - 15 January 1913 ) was a British peer . He was the English agent for the Spanish Carlist cause , and a supporter of Irish Home Rule . He sold off the Ashburnham collection of manuscripts which the 4th Earl had collected ." } ] }, { "value": "c. 1492", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex on the Flight of Birds Turin Biblioteca Reale , Turin", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_on_the_Flight_of_Birds", "summary": "Codex on the Flight of Birds is a relatively short codex from c. 1505 by Leonardo da Vinci . It comprises 18 folios and measures 21 × 15 centimetres . Now held at the Biblioteca Reale in Turin , Italy , the codex begins with an examination of the flight behavior of birds and proposes mechanisms for flight by machines . Leonardo constructed a number of these machines , and attempted to launch them from a hill near Florence . However , his efforts failed . In the codex , Leonardo notes for the first time that the center of gravity of a flying bird does not coincide with its center of pressure ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Biblioteca_Reale", "summary": "The Royal Library of Turin ( Italian : Biblioteca Reale di Torino ) is a library located within the ground floor of the Royal Palace of Turin , itself a World Heritage Site in Turin , Italy ." } ] }, { "value": "18", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Originally part of Paris Manuscript B ; probably stolen by Count Guglielmo Libri in around 1840-1847", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Guglielmo_Libri_Carucci_dalla_Sommaja", "summary": "Guglielmo Libri Carucci dalla Sommaja ( January 1 , 1803 - September 28 , 1869 ) was an Italian count and mathematician , who became known for his love and subsequent theft of ancient and precious manuscripts . Appointed the Inspector of Libraries in France , Libri began stealing the books he was responsible for , fleeing to England when the theft was discovered , along with 30,000 books and manuscripts inside 18 trunks . He was sentenced in France to 10 years in jail in absentia ; some of the stolen works were returned when he died , but many remained missing ." } ] }, { "value": "dated 1505", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Leicester Leic . Private collection , United States", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Leicester", "summary": "The Codex Leicester ( also briefly known as Codex Hammer ) is a collection of scientific writings by Leonardo da Vinci . The Codex is named after Thomas Coke , later credited to Earl of Leicester , who purchased it in 1719 . The manuscript currently holds the record for the second highest sale price of any book , as it was sold to Bill Gates at Christie 's auction house on 11 November 1994 in New York for US $ 30,802,500 ( equivalent to $ 53,222,898.79 in 2019 ) The Codex provides an insight into the inquiring mind of the definitive Renaissance artist , scientist and thinker as well as an exceptional illustration of the link between art and science and the creativity of the scientific process ." } ] }, { "value": "72", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1506-1510", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Codex Urbinas and libro A Urb . and L°A . Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana , Vatican City", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Codex_Urbinas", "summary": "A Treatise on Painting ( Trattato della pittura ) is a collection of Leonardo da Vinci 's writings entered in his notebooks under the general heading On Painting . The manuscripts were begun in Milan while Leonardo was under the service of Ludovico Sforza and gathered together by his heir Francesco Melzi . The treatise was first published in France in 1632 ; after Melzi 's version was rediscovered in the Vatican Library , the treatise was published in its modern form in 1817 . The main aim of the treatise was to argue that painting was a science . Leonardo 's keen observation of expression and character is evidenced in his comparison of laughing and weeping , about which he notes that the only difference between the two emotions in terms of the motion of the [ facial ] features is the ruffling of the brows , which is added in weeping , but more elevated and extended in laughing . In 1937 , Max Ernst wrote in Cahiers d'Art that Leonardo 's advice on the studying of stains on walls caused him an unbearable visual obsession . All editions of the treatise are kept at the Elmer Belt Library of Vinciana at UCLA ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Biblioteca_Apostolica_Vaticana", "summary": "The Vatican Apostolic Library ( Latin : Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana , Italian : Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana ) , more commonly known as the Vatican Library or informally as the Vat , is the library of the Holy See , located in Vatican City . Formally established in 1475 , although it is much older , it is one of the oldest libraries in the world and contains one of the most significant collections of historical texts . It has 75,000 codices from throughout history , as well as 1.1 million printed books , which include some 8,500 incunabula . The Vatican Library is a research library for history , law , philosophy , science and theology . The Vatican Library is open to anyone who can document their qualifications and research needs . Photocopies for private study of pages from books published between 1801 and 1990 can be requested in person or by mail . Pope Nicholas V ( 1447-1455 ) envisioned a new Rome with extensive public works to lure pilgrims and scholars to the city to begin its transformation . Nicolas wanted to create a 'public library ' for Rome that was meant to be seen as an institution for humanist scholarship . His death prevented him from carrying out his plan , but his successor Pope Sixtus IV ( 1471-1484 ) established what is now known as the Vatican Library . In March 2014 , the Vatican Library began an initial four-year project of digitising its collection of manuscripts , to be made available online . The Vatican Apostolic Archive was separated from the library at the beginning of the 17th century ; it contains another 150,000 items ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "An anthology of writings by Leonardo compiled after his death by his pupil Francesco Melzi . An abridged version was published in 1651 as a treatise on painting ( Trattato della Pittura )", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Francesco_Melzi", "summary": "Francesco Melzi , or Francesco de Melzi , ( 1491 - 1570 ) was an Italian painter born into a family of the Milanese nobility in Lombardy . He was one of Leonardo da Vincis pupils ." } ] }, { "value": "c. 1530", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Manuscripts", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_works_by_Leonardo_da_Vinci_1", "intro": "Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) was one of the leading artists of the High Renaissance. Fifteen artworks are generally attributed either in whole or in large part to him. However, it is believed that he made many more, only for them to be lost over the years or remain unidentified. The authorship of several paintings traditionally attributed to Leonardo is disputed. Two major works are known only as copies. Works are regularly attributed to Leonardo with varying degrees of credibility. None of Leonardo's paintings are signed. The attributions here draw on the opinions of various scholars. The small number of surviving paintings is due in part to Leonardo's frequently disastrous experimentation with new techniques and his chronic procrastination. Nevertheless, these few works together with his notebooks, which contain drawings, scientific diagrams, and his thoughts on the nature of painting, comprise a contribution to later generations of artists rivalled only by that of his contemporary, Michelangelo." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy", "title": "List of ships of the Royal Australian Navy", "header": [ "Name", "Type", "Dates", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "TRV Tailor", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/TRV_Tailor_(803)", "summary": "TRV Tailor ( 803 ) was one of three Torpedo Recovery Vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) and Defence Maritime Services ( DMS ) . Ordered in 1969 , the vessel , originally identified as TRV 255 , was completed in 1971 and assigned to the naval base HMAS Waterhen in Sydney . The ship received a name and the pennant number TRV 803 in 1983 . In 1988 , the three vessels were sold to DMS . Tailor was assigned to the naval base HMAS Creswell in Western Australia . Tailor was decommissioned in 2018 ." } ] }, { "value": "Torpedo recovery vessel", "urls": [] }, { "value": "197 ? -1988", "urls": [] }, { "value": "sold to Defence Maritime Services", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Defence_Maritime_Services", "summary": "DMS Maritime , formerly Defence Maritime Services , is an Australian company providing port services to the Australian Defence Force and Australian Customs Service National Marine Unit . DMS was founded in 1997 and currently operates 8 oceangoing vessels and over 100 harbour craft and has around 350 staff . The services DMS is contracted to provide to the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) include operating tug boats and lighters at RAN bases , training members of the RAN , and maintaining the RAN warships ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Taipan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Taipan", "summary": "HMAS Taipan was an auxiliary vessel operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during the Second World War . She was the Japanese vessel Bandeong Maru , which was captured off Cape Leveque , West Australia in August 1944 and commissioned on 14 August 1945 . She was used by the Services Reconnaissance Department and was paid off in 1945 , before being sold to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) in June 1947 . She was later sold into private ownership and re-named Shangri La ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "transferred to Council for Scientific and Industrial Research", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Commonwealth_Scientific_and_Industrial_Research_Organisation", "summary": "The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ( CSIRO ) is an Australian federal government agency responsible for scientific research . Its chief role is to improve the economic and social performance of industry for the benefit of the commonwealth . CSIRO works with leading organisations around the world . From its headquarters in Canberra , CSIRO maintains more than 50 sites across Australia and in France , Chile and the United States , employing about 5,500 people . Federally funded scientific research began in Australia 103 years ago . The Advisory Council of Science and Industry was established in 1916 but was hampered by insufficient available finance . In 1926 the research effort was reinvigorated by establishment of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research ( CSIR ) , which strengthened national science leadership and increased research funding . CSIR grew rapidly and achieved significant early successes . [ citation needed ] In 1949 further legislated changes included renaming the organisation as CSIRO . [ citation needed ] Notable developments by CSIRO have included the invention of atomic absorption spectroscopy , essential components of Wi-Fi technology , development of the first commercially successful polymer banknote , the invention of the insect repellent in Aerogard and the introduction of a series of biological controls into Australia , such as the introduction of myxomatosis and rabbit calicivirus for the control of rabbit populations ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Tambar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tambar", "summary": "HMAS Tambar was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II ." } ] }, { "value": "Minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "DT Tammar", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/DT_Tammar_(2601)", "summary": "DT Tammar ( 2601 ) was a coastal tug operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) until 1998 . She was constructed by the Australian Ship Building Industries , Western Australia . Tammar spent her RAN career at HMAS Stirling , Western Australia until sold in 1998 . Tammar is now operated by Defence Maritime Services ." } ] }, { "value": "Coastal tug", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1984-1998", "urls": [] }, { "value": "sold to Defence Maritime Services", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tamworth", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tamworth_(J191)", "summary": "HMAS Tamworth ( J181/B250/A124 ) , named for the city of Tamworth , New South Wales , was one of 60 Bathurst-class corvettes constructed during World War II and one of 20 built on Admiralty order but manned by personnel of and later commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Tamworth later saw service in the Royal Netherlands Navy ( RNLN ) and in the Indonesian Navy ( TNI-AL ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Corvette", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1942-1946", "urls": [] }, { "value": "to Royal Netherlands Navy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Navy", "summary": "The Royal Netherlands Navy ( RNLN ) ( Dutch : Koninklijke Marine [ KM ] Royal Navy ) is the naval force of the Kingdom of the Netherlands . Its origins date back to the Eighty Years ' War ( 1568-1648 ) , the war of independence from the House of Habsburg who ruled over the Habsburg Netherlands . During the 17th century the navy of the Dutch Republic ( 1581-1795 ) was one of the most powerful naval forces in the world and played an active role in wars against England , France , Spain and several other European powers . The navy of the later Batavian Republic ( 1795-1806 ) and Kingdom of Holland ( 1806-1810 ) played an active role in the Napoleonic Wars , though mostly dominated by French interests . After the establishment of the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands ( founded 1815 ) it served an important role in protecting Dutch colonial rule , especially in Southeast Asia , and would play a minor role in World War II , especially against the Imperial Japanese Navy . Since World War II the Royal Netherlands Navy has taken part in expeditionary peacekeeping operations ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Tarakan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tarakan_(L-3017)", "summary": "HMAS Tarakan ( L3017 ) was a Mark III Tank Landing Ship , or LST ( 3 ) , that served in the Royal Navy ( RN ) during 1945 and 1946 and Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) from 1946 until 1954 ." } ] }, { "value": "Landing ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1946-1954", "urls": [] }, { "value": "from Royal Navy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Royal_Navy", "summary": "The Royal Navy ( RN ) is the United Kingdom 's naval warfare force . Although warships were used by the English kings from the early medieval period , the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years ' War against the Kingdom of France . The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century ; the oldest of the UK 's armed services , it is known as the Senior Service . From the middle decades of the 17th century , and through the 18th century , the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy . From the mid 18th century , it was the world 's most powerful navy until the Second World War . The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing the British Empire as the unmatched world power during the 19th and first part of the 20th centuries . Due to this historical prominence , it is common , even among non-Britons , to refer to it as the Royal Navy without qualification . Following World War I , the Royal Navy was significantly reduced in size , although at the onset of World War II it was still the world 's largest . During the Cold War , the Royal Navy transformed into a primarily anti-submarine force , hunting for Soviet submarines and mostly active in the GIUK gap . Following the collapse of the Soviet Union , its focus has returned to expeditionary operations around the world and it remains one of the world 's foremost blue-water navies . However , 21st-century reductions in naval spending have led to a personnel shortage and a reduction in the number of warships . The Royal Navy maintains a fleet of technologically sophisticated ships and submarines including two aircraft carriers , two amphibious transport docks , four ballistic missile submarines ( which maintain the UK 's nuclear deterrent ) , six nuclear fleet submarines , six guided missile destroyers , 13 frigates , 13 mine-countermeasure vessels and 22 patrol vessels ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Tarakan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tarakan_(L_129)", "summary": "BRP Batak ( AT-299 ) is a Balikpapan-class heavy landing craft operated by the Philippine Navy . One of eight vessels built by Walkers Limited for the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , the ship was commissioned into Australian service in 1973 as HMAS Tarakan ( L 129 ) . During her RAN career , Tarakan ( named after the Australian landing at Tarakan during World War II ) was deployed post-Cyclone Tracy as part of Operation Navy Help Darwin , undertook various surveying operations , was placed in reserve between 1985 and 1988 , relocated an overpopulation of Tridacna gigas clams , was part of the INTERFET peacekeeping taskforce , and participated in a Pacific Partnership humanitarian deployment . Tarakan was decommissioned from Australian service in 2014 . The ship was refurbished and donated to the Philippine Navy , commissioning as BRP Batak ( named after the ethnic group of the same name ) in 2015 ." } ] }, { "value": "Landing craft", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1973-2014", "urls": [] }, { "value": "to the Philippines", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Philippines", "summary": "The Philippines ( /ˈfɪləpiːnz/ ( listen ) ; Filipino : Pilipinas [ ˌpɪlɪˈpinɐs ] or Filipinas [ ˌfɪlɪˈpinɐs ] ) , officially the Republic of the Philippines ( Filipino : Republika ng Pilipinas ) , [ a ] is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia . Situated in the western Pacific Ocean , it consists of about 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south : Luzon , Visayas and Mindanao . The capital city of the Philippines is Manila and the most populous city is Quezon City , both part of Metro Manila . Bounded by the South China Sea on the west , the Philippine Sea on the east and the Celebes Sea on the southwest , the Philippines shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north , Japan to the northeast , Vietnam to the west , Palau to the east , and Malaysia and Indonesia to the south . The Philippines ' location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and close to the equator makes the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons , but also endows it with abundant natural resources and some of the world 's greatest biodiversity . The Philippines is the world 's 5th largest island country with an area of 300,000 km2 ( 120,000 sq mi ) . As of 2015 , it had a population of at least 100 million . As of January 2018 [ update ] , it is the eighth-most populated country in Asia and the 12th most populated country in the world . Approximately 10 million additional Filipinos lived overseas , comprising one of the world 's largest diasporas . Multiple ethnicities and cultures are found throughout the islands . In prehistoric times , Negritos were some of the archipelago 's earliest inhabitants . They were followed by successive waves of Austronesian peoples ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Tasmania", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tasmania", "summary": "HMAS Tasmania ( H25 ) was an Admiralty S class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Built for the Royal Navy during World War I , the ship was not completed until 1919 , and spent a year commissioned but not operational in British service before being transferred to the RAN at the start of 1920 . The destroyer 's career was uneventful , with almost all of it spent in Australian waters . Tasmania was decommissioned in 1930 , and was sold for ship breaking in 1937 ." } ] }, { "value": "Destroyer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1920-1928", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tattoo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tattoo", "summary": "HMAS Tattoo ( H26 ) was an Admiralty S class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Built for the Royal Navy during World War I , the ship was not completed until 1919 , and spent less than eight months in British service before being transferred to the RAN at the start of 1920 . After arriving in Australia , Tattoo spent her entire career in Australian waters , and was placed in reserve on several occasions . Tattoo was decommissioned in 1936 , and was sold for ship breaking in 1937 ." } ] }, { "value": "Destroyer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1920-1933", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "TB 191", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/TB_191", "summary": "TB 191 was a second-class torpedo boat constructed for the Colony of Tasmania and later operated by the Commonwealth Naval Forces and the Royal Australian Navy . She was sold in 1911 ." } ] }, { "value": "Torpedo boat", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1911-1918", "urls": [] }, { "value": "from colonial navy of South Australia", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Teal", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Teal", "summary": "HMAS Teal ( M 1152 ) ( formerly HMS Jackton ) was a Ton-class minesweeper operated by the Royal Navy ( RN ) and the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1962-1979", "urls": [] }, { "value": "ex-HMS Jackton", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Telopea", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Crane stores lighter", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1972-1997", "urls": [] }, { "value": "sold to Defence Maritime Services", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Terka", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Terka", "summary": "HMAS Terka ( FY.98 ) was an auxiliary minesweeper operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . The ship was launched as Sir Dudley de Chair in 1925 as one of the three ships used to supply the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge , and from 1928 operated by the Adelaide Steamship Company until she was requisitioned by the RAN in December 1940 . She sank while at her moorings at Madang , New Guinea on 26 March 1945 and was abandoned ." } ] }, { "value": "Minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1940-1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tiger Snake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tiger_Snake", "summary": "HMAS Tiger Snake was a Snake-class junk built for the Royal Australian Navy during the Second World War . She was launched in 1945 and commissioned into the Royal Australian Navy on 22 August 1945 and was used by the Services Reconnaissance Department ( SRD ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Snake", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Snake-class_junk", "summary": "The Snake-class junks were a class of six small vessels operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) to support special forces operations in 1944 and 1945 . The ships were lightly armed and were used to infiltrate special forces parties and their supplies into Japanese-held territory ." } ] }, { "value": "1944-1945", "urls": [] }, { "value": "transferred to the British Borneo Civil Administration Unit", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tingira", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tingira", "summary": "HMAS Tingira was a training ship operated by the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1911 and 1927 . Alexander Hall & Co. built the ship in Scotland in 1866 as the passenger clipper Sobraon ; she was the largest composite-hull sailing vessel ever built . She sailed on an annual migration run between England and Australia until 1891 , when she was sold to the colonial government of New South Wales for use as a reformatory ship . The vessel was then sold to the federal government in 1911 , and entered RAN service . Tingira was paid off in 1927 , but despite efforts to preserve the ship , was broken up in 1941 ." } ] }, { "value": "Training ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1911-1927", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tobruk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tobruk_(D37)", "summary": "HMAS Tobruk ( D37 ) was a Battle-class destroyer of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) . Built at the Cockatoo Island Dockyard , the destroyer was completed in 1950 . Tobruk was deployed to the Korean War twice , and served with the Far East Strategic Reserve on three occasions during the late 1950s . In 1960 , she was damaged beyond economical repair by sister ship HMAS Anzac during a gunnery exercise , which led to the destroyer 's decommissioning that year , and sale for scrap in 1971 ." } ] }, { "value": "Destroyer", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1950-1972", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tobruk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tobruk_(L_50)", "summary": "HMAS Tobruk ( L 50 ) was a Landing Ship Heavy ( LSH ) of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) , based on the design of the Round Table-class of the British Royal Fleet Auxiliary . Planning for the ship began in the 1970s to provide the Australian Army with a permanent sealift capability . She was laid down by Carrington Slipways in 1979 , launched in 1980 , and commissioned in 1981 . She was a multi-purpose , roll-on/roll-off heavy lift ship capable of transporting soldiers , APCs , and tanks , and delivering them to shore via landing craft or directly by beaching . The ship experienced problems during her early career with her engines ( which differed from the British base design ) and sewerage system ( leading to the death of a cadet in 1981 ) . During the 1980s , the ship delivered supplies to the Multinational Force and Observers on the Sinai Peninsula , assisted in the withdrawal from RAAF Base Butterworth , provided support and accommodation for delegates to the South Pacific Forum , and was part of the Australian response to the 1987 Fijian coups d'état . In the early 1990s , Tobruk was part of ceremonies marking the 75th anniversary of the landing at Anzac Cove , then after a refit , participated in peacekeeping efforts in Somalia . Plans to replace Tobruk with one of the Kanimbla-class ships began in 1993 . She was offered for sale to the Royal New Zealand Navy , who refused because of the ship 's manpower requirements . Delays in converting the Kanimbla 's for service meant Tobruk continued with normal operations during the 1990s . Attempts to sell the ship to the British and the Portuguese did not succeed , and in 1997 the decision was made to keep Tobruk , as the Kanimbla 's could not completely replace the heavy lift capability provided . During this period , Tobruk was deployed to Bougainville on several occasions as peacekeeping operations during the Bougainville Civil War ." } ] }, { "value": "Landing ship", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1981-2015", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Tolga", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tolga", "summary": "HMAS Tolga was an auxiliary minesweeper which served in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . Tolga was built in 1925 by the Walsh Island Dockyard and Engineering Works , Newcastle for Dorman Long , Sydney as Dorlonco . She was renamed Sydney as the Sir T. Hugh Bell in 1926 . She was sold to the Adelaide Steamship Company in 1930 and renamed Tolga . She was utilised along the Queensland coast as a sugar lighter between shore to larger vessels offshore . Tolga was requisitioned by the RAN in 1940 and commissioned as an auxiliary minesweeper . She was attached to Minesweeping Group 70 , based at Darwin . In 1942 , she was converted to a water carriers and later as a stores carrier . Purchased by the RAN in 1946 , she was paid off on 3 March 1946 . Surveys determined that she had deteriorated and was structurally unsafe to transport back to Australia ." } ] }, { "value": "Minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "HMAS Togo", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Togo", "summary": "HMAS Phillip was a depot tender of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1916 until 1921 . Built in 1905 by Frederick Moore at Launceston , Tasmania and launched as Togo and used for passenger service by Broomby and Dent , Launceston . She was bought by the RAN on 14 August 1916 for £7,500 and commissioned as HMAS Togo . Initially purchased for use as a tug , she was used as a depot tender for Flinders Naval Depot . She was used from October 1917 as a minesweeping training ship for the Naval Brigade . Togo was renamed HMAS Phillip in 1918 and was sold in 1921 and renamed Togo . She was broken up in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "Depot tender", "urls": [] }, { "value": "1916-1921", "urls": [] }, { "value": "renamed HMAS Phillip", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Phillip", "summary": "HMAS Phillip was a depot tender of the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) between 1916 until 1921 . Built in 1905 by Frederick Moore at Launceston , Tasmania and launched as Togo and used for passenger service by Broomby and Dent , Launceston . She was bought by the RAN on 14 August 1916 for £7,500 and commissioned as HMAS Togo . Initially purchased for use as a tug , she was used as a depot tender for Flinders Naval Depot . She was used from October 1917 as a minesweeping training ship for the Naval Brigade . Togo was renamed HMAS Phillip in 1918 and was sold in 1921 and renamed Togo . She was broken up in 1946 ." } ] }, { "value": "HMAS Tongkol", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/HMAS_Tongkol", "summary": "HMAS Tongkol was an auxiliary minesweeper which served in the Royal Australian Navy ( RAN ) during World War II . Tongkol was built in 1926 by Smiths Dock Company , Middlesbrough as a fisheries research ship for the Malaysian Government which cost £23,000 . Bought by Mr A . A. Murrell in 1929 from the Ceylon Fisheries , for his Sydney fishing fleet . At the start of World War II , Tongkol was requisitioned on 7 September 1939 and was commissioned into the RAN on 4 October 1939 as an auxiliary minesweeper . She was returned to her owners in 1946 . She was attached to Minesweeping Group 50 , based at Sydney . She was purchased outright by the RAN in late 1943 , and paid off the same year . Sold back to local fishing trade , she was placed up for auction , after her owner closed business , in 1946 . Her fate is unknown after she was placed under arrest in 1947 , due to a dispute ." } ] }, { "value": "Minesweeper", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Past ships -- T", "section_text": "", "uid": "List_of_ships_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy_21", "intro": "Since its foundation in 1913, the Royal Australian Navy has operated a large number of vessels, including various types of warship, support and supply craft, and auxiliary vessels drawn from civilian service when required." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "title": "United States at the 2013 Summer Universiade", "header": [ "Medal", "Name", "Sport", "Event", "Date" ], "data": [ { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Aurieyall Scott", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aurieyall_Scott", "summary": "Aurieyall Scott ( born May 18 , 1992 in Atlanta , Georgia ) is an American sprinter who specializes in the 60 and 100 meter dash ( indoor ) and 100 , 200 , and 400 meter dash ( outdoor ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan , Russia . Level of participation and performance was moderate . The proximity of other important athletics competitions like Asian Championships , South American Championships , Central American and Caribbean Championships and European U23 Championships caused many high-profile student-athletes to skip the event . The host nation , Russia , however , fielded most of its top athletes which resulted in three Universiade records and first place on the medal table with a huge lead over the second nation , Ukraine ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 100 metres", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Women's_100_metres", "summary": "The women 's 100 metres event at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on 7-8 July ." } ] }, { "value": "July 8", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jeneva McCall", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jeneva_McCall", "summary": "Jeneva Stevens ( née McCall , born October 28 , 1989 ) is an American track and field athlete specializing in the shot put and hammer throw . Her biggest successes to date are the gold medal at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan and 9th place at the 2013 World Championships in Moscow . She studied at Southern Illinois University . Her father was former boxing world champion Oliver McCall ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan , Russia . Level of participation and performance was moderate . The proximity of other important athletics competitions like Asian Championships , South American Championships , Central American and Caribbean Championships and European U23 Championships caused many high-profile student-athletes to skip the event . The host nation , Russia , however , fielded most of its top athletes which resulted in three Universiade records and first place on the medal table with a huge lead over the second nation , Ukraine ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's hammer throw", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Women's_hammer_throw", "summary": "The women 's hammer throw event at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on 10 July ." } ] }, { "value": "July 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vashti Thomas", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan , Russia . Level of participation and performance was moderate . The proximity of other important athletics competitions like Asian Championships , South American Championships , Central American and Caribbean Championships and European U23 Championships caused many high-profile student-athletes to skip the event . The host nation , Russia , however , fielded most of its top athletes which resulted in three Universiade records and first place on the medal table with a huge lead over the second nation , Ukraine ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 100 metres hurdles", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Women's_100_metres_hurdles", "summary": "The women 's 100 metres hurdles event at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on 10 July ." } ] }, { "value": "July 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gavin Kendricks", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan , Russia . Level of participation and performance was moderate . The proximity of other important athletics competitions like Asian Championships , South American Championships , Central American and Caribbean Championships and European U23 Championships caused many high-profile student-athletes to skip the event . The host nation , Russia , however , fielded most of its top athletes which resulted in three Universiade records and first place on the medal table with a huge lead over the second nation , Ukraine ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's pole vault", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Men's_pole_vault", "summary": "The men 's pole vault event at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on 11 July ." } ] }, { "value": "July 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sean Ryan", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sean_Ryan_(swimmer)", "summary": "Sean Ryan ( born August 13 , 1992 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance and open-water freestyle events ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 1500 metre freestyle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Stephanie Peacock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephanie_Peacock_(swimmer)", "summary": "Stephanie Peacock ( born July 8 , 1992 ) is an American swimmer specializing in distance freestyle and open water swimming . She won a bronze medal in the 10k Open water and a Gold medal in the 1500m at the 2013 World University Games . She swam at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . In 2016 , she was ranked eighth in the world in the 800m . In 2016 , she was ranked 4th in the USA in the 800m ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 1500 metre freestyle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Megan Romano Chelsea Chenault Sarah Henry Andrea Murez", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Megan_Romano", "summary": "Megan Romano ( born February 2 , 1991 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and freestyle events . She is part of the current American record women 's 4x100-meter freestyle relay team , and is the short-course yards American record-holder in the 200-yard freestyle and 4x200-meter freestyle relay . Along with her Georgia Bulldogs teammates , she won the NCAA Division I women 's team championship in 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Chelsea_Chenault", "summary": "Chelsea Chenault ( born October 19 , 1994 ) is an American swimmer who specializes in middle-distance freestyle events . Chenault has been a member of the U.S. national team , winning gold medals as a member of the U.S. teams in the 4x200-meter freestyle relay events at the 2012 and 2013 FINA world championships ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Murez", "summary": "Andrea ( Andi ) Murez ( Hebrew : אנדראה מורז ; born January 29 , 1992 ) , is an Israeli-American Olympic swimmer . She swam for Israel at the 2016 Summer Olympics . She represented the United States at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan , Russia , where she was a 4 × 200 m freestyle gold medalist and a 4 × 100 m freestyle silver medalist . Murez is also a Maccabiah Games champion , and Maccabiah record holder , as well as an Israeli national record holder . She has won 17 medals at the Maccabiah Games , 12 of them gold . Murez holds the Israeli national records in the 100 m and 200 m freestyle ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 4 x 200 metre freestyle relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "United States women 's national basketball team Crystal Bradford Aaryn Ellenberg Reshanda Gray Cassie Harberts Bria Hartley Jordan Hooper Tricia Liston Ariel Massengale Kaleena Mosqueda-Lewis Theresa Plaisance Shoni Schimmel Odyssey Sims", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/United_States_women's_national_basketball_team", "summary": "The USA Basketball Women 's National Team , commonly known as the United States Women 's National Basketball Team , is governed by USA Basketball and competes in FIBA Americas . The team is by far the most successful in international women 's basketball , winning eight out of ten Olympic tournaments it had entered . It also won eight of the last eleven World Cups ( including the last three ) , and ten titles overall . The team is currently ranked first in the FIBA World Rankings . In 2016 , it was named the USA Basketball Team of the Year for a record sixth time ( having been previously honored in 1996 , 2000 , 2004 , 2008 , and 2012 ) . It was also named the USOC Team of the Year in 1996 . The team is one of the most dominant in all Olympic sports , with a 66-3 record in Olympic play ( no Olympic losses since 1992 , no losses In any tournament since 2006 ) , and a record six consecutive titles . Should they win their seventh championship in a row in 2020 , they will tie the US mens basketball team ( 1936-1968 , their winning streak ) for the most consecutive Olympic team victories in all Olympic sports , men or women ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Crystal_Bradford", "summary": "Crystal Bradford ( born November 1 , 1993 ) is an American professional basketball player . A star college player at Central Michigan University , she made history being the first player in the CMU program to ever be drafted . She was drafted by the Los Angeles Sparks of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) in 2015 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Reshanda_Gray", "summary": "Reshanda Gray ( born June 1 , 1993 ) is an American professional basketball player for the New York Liberty of the WNBA . She was drafted by the Minnesota Lynx in the 2015 WNBA draft ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Cassie_Harberts", "summary": "Cassie Harberts ( born June 4 , 1992 ) is a former college and professional basketball player who was drafted by the Atlanta Dream of the WNBA and played a year in the Australian WNBL ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Bria_Hartley", "summary": "Bria Nicole Hartley ( born September 30 , 1992 ) is an American-born French professional basketball player for the New York Liberty of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was drafted 7th overall by the Seattle Storm in the 2014 WNBA Draft and was immediately traded to the Washington Mystics . Hartley played point guard for the UConn women 's basketball team , and won back to back national championships in 2013 and 2014 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Jordan_Hooper", "summary": "Jordan Hooper ( born February 20 , 1992 ) is an American basketball player . She last played for the Atlanta Dream of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She was an All-American forward at the college level for the University of Nebraska ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Tricia_Liston", "summary": "Patricia Maureen Tricia Liston ( born February 20 , 1992 ) is an American professional basketball player . Born in Chicago , Illinois , she is a graduate of Fenwick High School in Oak Park , Illinois . She was drafted in 2014 by the Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Ariel_Massengale", "summary": "Ariel Massengale ( born 10 June 1993 ) is an American professional basketball player ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Kaleena_Mosqueda-Lewis", "summary": "Kaleena Jordan Mosqueda-Lewis ( born Kaleena Jordan Lewis , November 3 , 1993 ) is an American basketball player for the Seattle Storm of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . She plays for the Seattle Storm . Prior to enrolling at UConn she played for Mater Dei High School in Santa Ana , California . She played on the USA Basketball U16 National Team , where she helped the team win the FIBA Americas U16 Championship Gold Medal . Mosqueda-Lewis was named the 2011 State Farm/WBCA High School Player of the Year by the Women 's Basketball Coaches Association ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Theresa_Plaisance", "summary": "Theresa Monique Plaisance ( born May 18 , 1992 ) is a professional basketball player for the Connecticut Sun of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Shoni_Schimmel", "summary": "Shoni Schimmel ( born May 4 , 1992 ) is an American professional basketball player who is currently a free agent . She was an All-American college player at the University of Louisville and a first round draft pick of the WNBA 's Atlanta Dream ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Odyssey_Sims", "summary": "Odyssey Celeste Sims ( born July 13 , 1992 ) is an American professional basketball player for the Minnesota Lynx of the Women 's National Basketball Association ( WNBA ) . An AP and WBCA All-American , Sims was born in Irving , Texas and graduated from MacArthur High School ." } ] }, { "value": "Basketball", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Basketball was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to July 16 in Kazan , Russia . In total , 40 teams competed in the 2013 Summer Universiade ( 24 men 's teams and 16 women 's teams ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's tournament", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Basketball_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Women's_tournament", "summary": "The women 's tournament of basketball at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan was held from July 8 to July 15 ." } ] }, { "value": "July 15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Jack Conger", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Jack_Conger", "summary": "John Jack Conger ( born September 26 , 1994 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in the backstroke , butterfly , and freestyle , and is a one-time Olympic gold medalist ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 200 metre backstroke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Weiss", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Weiss_(swimmer)", "summary": "Michael Weiss ( born May 23 , 1991 ) is an American competition swimmer who has represented the United States in international championships including the FINA World Championships , Pan American Games , and World University Games ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 400 metre individual medley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Gold", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ashley Twichell", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ashley_Twichell", "summary": "Ashley Grace Twichell ( born June 16 , 1989 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in long-distance freestyle and open-water events . Twichell earned the first international medals of her career at the 2011 World Aquatics Championships in Shanghai , China , winning gold in the 5 km team and bronze in the 5 km open water events . Later in 2011 , she earned a silver medal in the 800-meter freestyle at the 2011 Pan American Games . At the 2012 U.S. Olympic Trials , she placed 10th in the 800-meter freestyle and 18th in the 400-meter freestyle , missing the Olympic team . In 2013 , Twichell won gold in the 10 km open water event at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 10 kilometre marathon", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 17", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Meghan Hawthorne", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 400 metre individual medley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Megan Romano Rachael Acker Andrea Murez Liv Jensen", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Megan_Romano", "summary": "Megan Romano ( born February 2 , 1991 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and freestyle events . She is part of the current American record women 's 4x100-meter freestyle relay team , and is the short-course yards American record-holder in the 200-yard freestyle and 4x200-meter freestyle relay . Along with her Georgia Bulldogs teammates , she won the NCAA Division I women 's team championship in 2013 ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Andrea_Murez", "summary": "Andrea ( Andi ) Murez ( Hebrew : אנדראה מורז ; born January 29 , 1992 ) , is an Israeli-American Olympic swimmer . She swam for Israel at the 2016 Summer Olympics . She represented the United States at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan , Russia , where she was a 4 × 200 m freestyle gold medalist and a 4 × 100 m freestyle silver medalist . Murez is also a Maccabiah Games champion , and Maccabiah record holder , as well as an Israeli national record holder . She has won 17 medals at the Maccabiah Games , 12 of them gold . Murez holds the Israeli national records in the 100 m and 200 m freestyle ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 4 x 100 metre freestyle relay", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Loren Figueroa Meghan Houston Sarah McCrady Samantha Pickens Laura Ryan Mackenzie Tweardy Katrina Young", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Laura_Ryan", "summary": "Laura Ryan ( born July 4 , 1992 ) is an American international diver from Elk River , Minnesota . She competes in one and three meter individual springboard diving and 10 meter platform diving as well as three meter synchronized springboard . She dove collegiately at Indiana University ( IU ) and the University of Georgia ( UGA ) . At UGA she was a two-time NCAA champion ." } ] }, { "value": "Diving", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Diving_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Diving was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 5 to 12 at the Aquatics Palace in Kazan , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's team", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Michael Alexandrov", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Michael_Alexandrov", "summary": "Mihail Alexandrov ( Bulgarian : Михаил Александров ) ( born April 9 , 1985 ) is an Olympic swimmer from Bulgaria . He swam for Bulgaria at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics . Alexandrov has been swimming for the USA since 2009 . Alexandrov , who has dual Bulgarian/USA citizenship , swam for the USA 's Northwestern University from 2003 to 2007 , . In March 2007 he set a USA National Record in the 100 yard breaststroke ( 51.56 ) at the NCAA Division I Swimming and Diving Championships , while swimming for Northwestern . This was despite the fact that he had not swum internationally for the US at that time and that he was viewed as a Bulgarian swimmer . The USA Swimming rules at the time allowed for the USA National mark to be set by a swimmer who could represent the US in international competition ( his dual citizenship allowed for this ) and who at the time of the swim was not representing another country ( he was swimming for the country-neutral Northwestern University at the time of the swim ) . USA Swimming 's rules have subsequently been altered so that only swimmers currently representing the USA internationally can set the American Record . Alexandrov 's record was broken in 2012 by Kevin Cordes . Alexandrov now works as a personal trainer in the Los Angeles area where he also coaches swimming . In 2017 Alexandrov was suspended for 12 months after he failed a drug test ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Men 's 100 metre breaststroke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 11", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Vashti Thomas Aurieyall Scott Jade Barber Tristie Johnson", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Aurieyall_Scott", "summary": "Aurieyall Scott ( born May 18 , 1992 in Atlanta , Georgia ) is an American sprinter who specializes in the 60 and 100 meter dash ( indoor ) and 100 , 200 , and 400 meter dash ( outdoor ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Athletics", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Athletics was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 7 to 12 at the Universiade Village Stadium and the Central Stadium in Kazan , Russia . Level of participation and performance was moderate . The proximity of other important athletics competitions like Asian Championships , South American Championships , Central American and Caribbean Championships and European U23 Championships caused many high-profile student-athletes to skip the event . The host nation , Russia , however , fielded most of its top athletes which resulted in three Universiade records and first place on the medal table with a huge lead over the second nation , Ukraine ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 4 x 100 metres relay", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_–_Women's_4_×_100_metres_relay", "summary": "The women 's 4 × 100 metres relay event at the 2013 Summer Universiade was held on 11-12 July ." } ] }, { "value": "July 12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Ashley Steenvoorden", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 1500 metre freestyle", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sarah Henry", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 200 metre individual medley", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Megan Romano", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Megan_Romano", "summary": "Megan Romano ( born February 2 , 1991 ) is an American competition swimmer who specializes in backstroke and freestyle events . She is part of the current American record women 's 4x100-meter freestyle relay team , and is the short-course yards American record-holder in the 200-yard freestyle and 4x200-meter freestyle relay . Along with her Georgia Bulldogs teammates , she won the NCAA Division I women 's team championship in 2013 ." } ] }, { "value": "Swimming", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Swimming_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Swimming was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 10 to 17 in Kazan , Russia . The swimming competitions was held at the Akcharlak Swimming Pool and the Aquatics Place , while the open water competitions was held at the Rowing Centre ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's 100 metre backstroke", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Silver", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Brittney Roberts", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Wrestling", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Wrestling_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade", "summary": "Wrestling was contested at the 2013 Summer Universiade from July 11 to 16 at the Ak Bars Wrestling Palace in Kazan , Russia ." } ] }, { "value": "Women 's freestyle 72 kg", "urls": [] }, { "value": "July 13", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "Medalists", "section_text": "", "uid": "United_States_at_the_2013_Summer_Universiade_0", "intro": "The United States competed at the 2013 Summer Universiade in Kazan, Russia." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_New_England_Revolution_season", "title": "2011 New England Revolution season", "header": [ "No", "Pos", "Name", "MS", "Notes" ], "data": [ { "value": "1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "GK", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Goalkeeper_(association_football)", "summary": "The goalkeeper , often shortened to keeper or goalie , is one of the major positions of association football . It is the most specialised position in the sport . The goalkeeper 's primary role is to prevent the opposing team from scoring ( moving the ball over the defended goal-line within the frame of the goal ) . This is accomplished by the goalkeeper moving into the path of the ball and either catching it or directing it away from the vicinity of the goal line . Within the penalty area goalkeepers are able to use their hands , making them ( outside throw-ins ) the only players on the field permitted to handle the ball . The special status of goalkeepers is indicated by them wearing different coloured kits from their teammates . The back-pass rule prevents goalkeepers handling direct passes back to them from teammates . Goalkeepers usually perform goal kicks , and also give commands to their defence during corner kicks , direct and indirect free kicks , and marking . Goalkeepers play an important role in directing on field strategy as they have an unrestricted view of the entire pitch , giving them a unique perspective on play development . The goalkeeper is the only required position of a team . If they are injured or sent off , a substitute goalkeeper has to take their place , otherwise an outfield player must take the ejected keeper 's place in goal . In order to replace a goalkeeper who is sent off , a team usually substitutes an outfield player for the backup keeper ( thus effectively the red card and substitution takes out two of the starting eleven players ) ." } ] }, { "value": "Matt Reis", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Matt_Reis", "summary": "Matt Reis ( /riːs/ ; born March 28 , 1975 ) is an American former soccer player and coach who played as a goalkeeper . A long-time Major League Soccer mainstay , he has served as goalkeeper coach for LA Galaxy and the United States ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Bobby Shuttleworth has 3 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Bobby_Shuttleworth", "summary": "Robert Bobby Shuttleworth ( born May 13 , 1987 ) is an American soccer player who currenrly plays for Chicago Fire in Major League Soccer ." } ] }, { "value": "30", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Right_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Kevin Alston", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kevin_Alston", "summary": "Kevin Lawrence Alston ( born May 5 , 1988 ) is an American soccer player who currently plays for Orange County SC in the USL Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Darius Barnes has 11 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Darius_Barnes", "summary": "This is a list of New York City Ballet dancers ." } ] }, { "value": "2", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Ryan Cochrane", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ryan_Cochrane_(soccer)", "summary": "Ryan Cochrane ( born August 8 , 1983 ) is a retired American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Franco Coria has 9 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Franco_Coria", "summary": "Franco Coria ( born July 8 , 1988 in Los Toldos ) is an Argentine footballer who currently plays as a defender for Instituto ACC ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "A. J. Soares", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/A._J._Soares", "summary": "Anthony James A.J . Soares ( born November 28 , 1988 ) is an American retired soccer player who played as a defender for Orange County Blue Star , New England Revolution , Viking and AGF ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "3", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LB", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Left_back", "summary": "In the sport of association football , a defender is an outfield player whose primary roles is to stop attacks during the game and prevent the opposing team from scoring goals . Centre backs are usually are in pairs , with 2 full-backs to their left and right , but can come in threes with no full backs There are four types of defenders : centre-back , sweeper , full-back , and wing-back . The centre-back and full-back positions are essential in most modern formations . The sweeper and wing-back roles are more specialized for certain formations ." } ] }, { "value": "Didier Domi", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Didier_Domi", "summary": "Didier Arsène Marcel Domi ( born 2 May 1978 ) is a French former professional footballer who played as a left-back ." } ] }, { "value": "5", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Chris Tierney has 2 start", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Chris_Tierney", "summary": "Christopher Wheeler Tierney ( born January 9 , 1986 ) is a retired American soccer player . He spent his entire 11-year career in Major League Soccer with the New England Revolution , primarily as a defender . Tierney scored 13 goals , including one at MLS Cup 2014 , and contributed 40 assists in 245 appearances ." } ] }, { "value": "26", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Stephen McCarthy", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stephen_McCarthy_(soccer)", "summary": "Stephen Michael McCarthy ( born July 21 , 1988 in Honolulu , Hawaii ) is a former American soccer player who previously played for San Antonio FC ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "22", "urls": [] }, { "value": "MF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Benny Feilhaber", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Benny_Feilhaber", "summary": "Benny Feilhaber ( /ˈfeɪlhɑːbər/ ; born January 19 , 1985 ) is an American professional soccer player who plays as a midfielder ." } ] }, { "value": "7", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Pat Phelan has 10 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Pat_Phelan_(soccer)", "summary": "Pat Phelan ( born January 16 , 1985 in Houston , Texas ) is an American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "21", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_midfielder", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Shalrie Joseph", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Shalrie_Joseph", "summary": "Shalrie Jamal Joseph ( born May 24 , 1978 ) is a Grenadian former footballer who is currently the head coach of the Grenada national football team ." } ] }, { "value": "16", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Zak Boggs has 14 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zak_Boggs", "summary": "Zak Devin Boggs ( born December 25 , 1986 , in Marietta , Ohio ) is an American soccer player ." } ] }, { "value": "29", "urls": [] }, { "value": "RW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Right_winger_(football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Marko Perovic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Marko_Perović_(footballer_born_1984)", "summary": "Marko Perović ( Serbian Cyrillic : Марко Перовић , pronounced [ mâːrko pěroʋitɕ ] ; born 11 January 1984 ) is a retired Serbian footballer who currently the assistant coach of Guangzhou R & F Reserves ." } ] }, { "value": "4", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Kenny Mansally has 12 start", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Kenny_Mansally", "summary": "Abdoulie Kenny Mansally ( born 27 January 1989 ) is a Gambian footballer who currently plays for Charlotte Independence in the USL Championship ." } ] }, { "value": "15", "urls": [] }, { "value": "LW", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Left_winger_(football)", "summary": "A midfielder is an association football position . Midfielders are generally positioned on the field between their team 's defenders and forwards . Some midfielders play a disciplined defensive role , breaking up attacks , and are otherwise known as defensive midfielders . Others blur the boundaries , being more mobile and efficient in passing : they are commonly referred to as deep-lying midfielders , play-makers , box-to-box , or holding midfielders . The number of midfielders on a team and their assigned roles depends on the team 's formation ; the collective group of these players on the field is sometimes referred to as the midfield . Most managers assign at least one midfielder to disrupt the opposing team 's attacks , while others may be tasked with creating goals , or have equal responsibilities between attack and defence . Midfielders are the players who typically travel the greatest distance during a match . Because midfielders arguably have the most possession during a game they are among the fittest players on the pitch ." } ] }, { "value": "Zack Schilawski", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Zack_Schilawski", "summary": "Zack Schilawski ( born April 15 , 1987 in Raleigh , North Carolina ) is an American former soccer player who last played for Carolina RailHawks in the North American Soccer League ." } ] }, { "value": "13", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Sainey Nyassi has 15 starts", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Sainey_Nyassi", "summary": "Sainey Nyassi ( born January 31 , 1989 ) is a Gambian professional footballer who most recently played for FC Edmonton in the NASL ." } ] }, { "value": "10", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CF", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Centre_forward", "summary": "Forwards are the players on a football ( soccer ) team who play nearest to the opposing team 's goal , and are therefore most responsible for scoring goals . Their advanced position and limited defensive responsibilities mean forwards normally score more goals on behalf of their team than other players . Modern team formations generally include one to three forwards ; for example , the common 4-2-3-1 formation includes one forward . Unconventional formations may include more than three forwards , or none ." } ] }, { "value": "Rajko Lekic", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Rajko_Lekic", "summary": "Radivoje Rajko Lekić ( born July 3 , 1981 in Copenhagen ) is a Danish footballer who currently plays for Ballerup-Skovlunde as a playing forward coach . He has played for New England Revolution , B 93 , BK Avarta , Herfølge BK , Fremad Amager , Silkeborg IF , Odense BK , Lyngby BK and Esbjerg fB in Denmark , as well as Spanish club Xerez CD and Hungarian Zalaegerszegi TE . Lekić is of Montenegrin descent but was born and raised in Denmark ." } ] }, { "value": "12", "urls": [] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] } ], "section_title": "", "section_text": "", "uid": "2011_New_England_Revolution_season_1", "intro": "The 2011 New England Revolution season was the sixteenth season of the team's existence, all in Major League Soccer. The regular season began on March 20, 2011 at Los Angeles Galaxy and concluded on October 22, 2011 at Toronto FC. New England's first league home game was March 26 against D.C. United." }

{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_in_St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador", "title": "Media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador", "header": [ "Frequency", "Call sign", "Branding", "Format", "Owner" ], "data": [ { "value": "590 AM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "VOCM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VOCM_(AM)", "summary": "VOCM is an AM radio station in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , broadcasting at 590 kHz . Owned by Stingray Group , VOCM first went on the air on October 19 , 1936 . Through the VOCM/Big Land FM Radio Network of stations owned by Stingray , VOCM programming is carried throughout the province . VOCM and its sister station VOCM-FM are among the four radio stations in Canada having call signs beginning with the prefix VO , the ITU prefix issued to the Dominion of Newfoundland before its confederation into Canada in 1949 . The other two , VOWR and VOAR-FM , also broadcast in St. John 's ; all but VOCM-FM predate the confederation . VOCM-FM adopted the callsign in 1982 because of its corporate association with VOCM ; all three of the others signed on before 1949 , while Newfoundland was still a dominion , and were allowed to keep the VO call signs despite the end of Newfoundland 's sovereignty . During the time when the United States had bases in Newfoundland and Labrador , the American Forces Radio and Television Service operated radio station with the VO-call signs including the last - VOUS in Argentia , which closed in the late 1960s . The rest of Canada 's radio stations use call signs of CB ( for the CBC ) , CF , CH , CI , CJ and CK . Stingray also owns a number of other AM stations in Newfoundland and Labrador that use VOCM as their main or secondary brand . These stations all have C callsigns ." } ] }, { "value": "590 VOCM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "news / talk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/News", "summary": "News is information about current events . This may be provided through many different media : word of mouth , printing , postal systems , broadcasting , electronic communication , or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events . Common topics for news reports include war , government , politics , education , health , the environment , economy , business , fashion , and entertainment , as well as athletic events , quirky or unusual events . Government proclamations , concerning royal ceremonies , laws , taxes , public health , and criminals , have been dubbed news since ancient times . Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news , which they satisfy by talking to each other and sharing information . Technological and social developments , often driven by government communication and espionage networks , have increased the speed with which news can spread , as well as influenced its content . The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper , which originated in China as a court bulletin and spread , with paper and printing press , to Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Talk_radio", "summary": "Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than outside music . Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual , and often feature interviews with a number of different guests . Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation , usually by broadcasting live conversations between the host and listeners who call in ( usually via telephone ) to the show . Listener contributions are usually screened by a show 's producers in order to maximize audience interest and , in the case of commercial talk radio , to attract advertisers . Generally , the shows are organized into segments , each separated by a pause for advertisements ; however , in public or non-commercial radio , music is sometimes played in place of commercials to separate the program segments . Variations of talk radio include conservative talk , hot talk , liberal talk ( increasingly known as progressive talk ) and sports talk . While talk radio has historically been associated with broadcast radio , starting around 2005 the technology for Internet-based talk-radio shows became cost effective in the form of live Internet website streaming and podcasts . Now , it is possible for an individual to use a variety of services to host an Internet-based talk-radio show without carriage by a traditional radio station . In addition , TV programming from talk and news outlets such as BBC , CNN , Bloomberg and Fox is now often available expanding the world of talk radio further . Talk radio listening is enjoyed not only on radios , but a wide variety of other devices and services including PCs using iTunes , station directories such as TuneIn , show directory smartphones with apps such as Stitcher and time-shifting services like DAR.fm ." } ] }, { "value": "Stingray Digital Group Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stingray_Digital_Group_Inc.", "summary": "Stingray Group , Inc. ( formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group ) is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment company based in Montreal , Quebec , with offices in the United States , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Switzerland , France , Israel , Australia and South Korea . The company broadcasts music and video content on platforms including cable and satellite television , IPTV , Internet , mobile devices and game consoles , and develops customized audio and digital services for retailers , hotels and other commercial clients . In 2018 , the company entered the terrestrial radio market by acquiring Canadian radio station group Newcap Radio for $ 506 million . Newcap 's owner , the family of Harold R. Steele , became Stingray 's largest outside shareholder as a result ." } ] }, { "value": "640 AM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBN", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBN_(AM)", "summary": "CBN is a clear-channel radio station broadcasting at 640 kHz ( AM ) from St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , and is the local Radio One station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . CBN broadcasts with 10,000 watts , unlike most other clear-channel , Class A stations , which broadcast with 50,000 watts . Per international agreement ( NARBA ) , CBN is grandfathered at 10 kW and Class A , whereas the dominant station on this frequency throughout the Americas is KFI Los Angeles , which operates with 50 kW and Class A. CBN also broadcasts at 88.5 FM in the St. John 's area ." } ] }, { "value": "CBC Radio One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBC_Radio_One", "summary": "CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming . It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet , and through mobile apps . A modified version of Radio One , with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming , is available on Sirius XM Satellite Radio channel 169 . It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart , Sirius XM Satellite Radio . In 2010 , Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week . It was the largest radio network in Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "news / talk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/News", "summary": "News is information about current events . This may be provided through many different media : word of mouth , printing , postal systems , broadcasting , electronic communication , or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events . Common topics for news reports include war , government , politics , education , health , the environment , economy , business , fashion , and entertainment , as well as athletic events , quirky or unusual events . Government proclamations , concerning royal ceremonies , laws , taxes , public health , and criminals , have been dubbed news since ancient times . Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news , which they satisfy by talking to each other and sharing information . Technological and social developments , often driven by government communication and espionage networks , have increased the speed with which news can spread , as well as influenced its content . The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper , which originated in China as a court bulletin and spread , with paper and printing press , to Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Talk_radio", "summary": "Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than outside music . Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual , and often feature interviews with a number of different guests . Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation , usually by broadcasting live conversations between the host and listeners who call in ( usually via telephone ) to the show . Listener contributions are usually screened by a show 's producers in order to maximize audience interest and , in the case of commercial talk radio , to attract advertisers . Generally , the shows are organized into segments , each separated by a pause for advertisements ; however , in public or non-commercial radio , music is sometimes played in place of commercials to separate the program segments . Variations of talk radio include conservative talk , hot talk , liberal talk ( increasingly known as progressive talk ) and sports talk . While talk radio has historically been associated with broadcast radio , starting around 2005 the technology for Internet-based talk-radio shows became cost effective in the form of live Internet website streaming and podcasts . Now , it is possible for an individual to use a variety of services to host an Internet-based talk-radio show without carriage by a traditional radio station . In addition , TV programming from talk and news outlets such as BBC , CNN , Bloomberg and Fox is now often available expanding the world of talk radio further . Talk radio listening is enjoyed not only on radios , but a wide variety of other devices and services including PCs using iTunes , station directories such as TuneIn , show directory smartphones with apps such as Stitcher and time-shifting services like DAR.fm ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "800 AM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "VOWR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VOWR_(AM)", "summary": "VOWR is a radio station in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The station is operated by the Wesley United Church of Canada and operates a mix of Christian radio programming and secular music programming , including classical , folk , country , grindcore , Oldies , military/marching band , standards , beautiful music and music from the 1940s through the 1970s . VOWR also have several information based programs that are of interest to its core demographic including Consumer Reports , a gardening show , the 50+ Radio Show and many others of a wide range of subjects . VOWR operates as a commercial station , selling advertising . The station is staffed by volunteers , of which many are former broadcasters in the public and private local broadcasting industry . VOWR transmits on 800 kHz . The dominant station on 800 kHz is XEROK in Ciudad Juárez , Mexico . VOWR first signed on July 24 , 1924 under the call sign 8WMC , which stood for the Wesley Methodist Church . Reverend Joseph G. Joyce ( 1889-1959 ) started the station to provide church services to shut-ins , but soon expanded it to provide public service announcements and entertainment . VOWR is one of just four broadcast radio stations in Canada whose call letters do not begin with CB ( for the CBC ) , CF , CH , CI , CJ , or CK . The others , VOCM , VOCM-FM and VOAR-FM , are also based in the St. John 's area . With exception of VOCM-FM , which launched in 1982 , all of these stations first aired before Newfoundland joined Canadian Confederation in 1949 ." } ] }, { "value": "VOWR", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_radio", "summary": "Christian radio is a category of radio formats that focus on transmitting programming with a Christian message . In the United States , where it is most established , many such broadcasters play contemporary Christian music , though many programs include talk or news programming covering economic , political or religious topics ." } ] }, { "value": "Wesley United Church", "urls": [] }, { "value": "930 AM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CJYQ", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CJYQ_(AM)", "summary": "CJYQ is an AM radio station broadcasting at 930 kHz in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Owned by Stingray Digital Group Inc. and airing a Country music format , the station is currently branded as 930 KIXX Country ." } ] }, { "value": "Kixx Country", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Country music", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Country_music", "summary": "Country music , also known as country and western ( or simply country ) , and hillbilly music , is a genre of popular music that takes its roots from genres such as American folk music ( especially Appalachian and Western music ) and blues . Its popularized roots originate in the Southern United States of the early 1920s . Country music often consists of ballads and dance tunes with generally simple forms , folk lyrics , and harmonies mostly accompanied by string instruments such as banjos , electric and acoustic guitars , steel guitars ( such as pedal steels and dobros ) , and fiddles as well as harmonicas . Blues modes have been used extensively throughout its recorded history . According to Lindsey Starnes , the term country music gained popularity in the 1940s in preference to the earlier term hillbilly music ; it came to encompass Western music , which evolved parallel to hillbilly music from similar roots , in the mid-20th century . In 2009 in the United States , country music was the most listened to rush hour radio genre during the evening commute , and second most popular in the morning commute . The term country music is used today to describe many styles and subgenres . The origins of country music are found in the folk music of working class Americans and/or blue-collar American life , who blended popular songs , Irish and Celtic fiddle tunes , traditional English ballads , cowboy songs , and the musical traditions of various groups of European immigrants ." } ] }, { "value": "Stingray Digital Group Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stingray_Digital_Group_Inc.", "summary": "Stingray Group , Inc. ( formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group ) is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment company based in Montreal , Quebec , with offices in the United States , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Switzerland , France , Israel , Australia and South Korea . The company broadcasts music and video content on platforms including cable and satellite television , IPTV , Internet , mobile devices and game consoles , and develops customized audio and digital services for retailers , hotels and other commercial clients . In 2018 , the company entered the terrestrial radio market by acquiring Canadian radio station group Newcap Radio for $ 506 million . Newcap 's owner , the family of Harold R. Steele , became Stingray 's largest outside shareholder as a result ." } ] }, { "value": "1210 AM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "VOAR", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VOAR_(AM)", "summary": "VOAR-FM ( 96.7 MHz ) is a Canadian radio station , which has a Christian radio format . It is licensed to Mount Pearl , Newfoundland and Labrador , and serves the St. John 's metropolitan area . VOAR is owned by the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Newfoundland & Labrador . Its studios and offices are on Topsail Road in Mount Pearl . The transmitter is off Kenmount Road , also in Mount Pearl . VOAR airs a blend of Christian talk and teaching programs along with Contemporary Christian music . Religious leaders heard on VOAR include Charles Stanley , Jim Daly , Joni Eareckson Tada and Chuck Swindoll . On 2 December 2019 VOAR completed its transitions from 1210 AM to 96.7 FM , increasing its power to 100,000 watts and was rebranded as Lighthouse FM . On 10 January 2020 , the 1210 AM broadcast came to an end , as the station has moved to FM ." } ] }, { "value": "VOAR", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Christian radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Christian_radio", "summary": "Christian radio is a category of radio formats that focus on transmitting programming with a Christian message . In the United States , where it is most established , many such broadcasters play contemporary Christian music , though many programs include talk or news programming covering economic , political or religious topics ." } ] }, { "value": "Seventh-day Adventist Church in Newfoundland & Labrador", "urls": [] }, { "value": "88.5 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBN-1-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBN_(AM)", "summary": "CBN is a clear-channel radio station broadcasting at 640 kHz ( AM ) from St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada , and is the local Radio One station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . CBN broadcasts with 10,000 watts , unlike most other clear-channel , Class A stations , which broadcast with 50,000 watts . Per international agreement ( NARBA ) , CBN is grandfathered at 10 kW and Class A , whereas the dominant station on this frequency throughout the Americas is KFI Los Angeles , which operates with 50 kW and Class A. CBN also broadcasts at 88.5 FM in the St. John 's area ." } ] }, { "value": "CBC Radio One", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBC_Radio_One", "summary": "CBC Radio One is the English-language news and information radio network of the publicly owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . It is commercial-free and offers local and national programming . It is available on AM and FM to 98 percent of Canadians and overseas over the Internet , and through mobile apps . A modified version of Radio One , with local content replaced by additional airings of national programming , is available on Sirius XM Satellite Radio channel 169 . It is downlinked to subscribers via SiriusXM Canada and its U.S.-based counterpart , Sirius XM Satellite Radio . In 2010 , Radio One reached 4.3 million listeners each week . It was the largest radio network in Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "news / talk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/News", "summary": "News is information about current events . This may be provided through many different media : word of mouth , printing , postal systems , broadcasting , electronic communication , or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events . Common topics for news reports include war , government , politics , education , health , the environment , economy , business , fashion , and entertainment , as well as athletic events , quirky or unusual events . Government proclamations , concerning royal ceremonies , laws , taxes , public health , and criminals , have been dubbed news since ancient times . Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news , which they satisfy by talking to each other and sharing information . Technological and social developments , often driven by government communication and espionage networks , have increased the speed with which news can spread , as well as influenced its content . The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper , which originated in China as a court bulletin and spread , with paper and printing press , to Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Talk_radio", "summary": "Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than outside music . Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual , and often feature interviews with a number of different guests . Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation , usually by broadcasting live conversations between the host and listeners who call in ( usually via telephone ) to the show . Listener contributions are usually screened by a show 's producers in order to maximize audience interest and , in the case of commercial talk radio , to attract advertisers . Generally , the shows are organized into segments , each separated by a pause for advertisements ; however , in public or non-commercial radio , music is sometimes played in place of commercials to separate the program segments . Variations of talk radio include conservative talk , hot talk , liberal talk ( increasingly known as progressive talk ) and sports talk . While talk radio has historically been associated with broadcast radio , starting around 2005 the technology for Internet-based talk-radio shows became cost effective in the form of live Internet website streaming and podcasts . Now , it is possible for an individual to use a variety of services to host an Internet-based talk-radio show without carriage by a traditional radio station . In addition , TV programming from talk and news outlets such as BBC , CNN , Bloomberg and Fox is now often available expanding the world of talk radio further . Talk radio listening is enjoyed not only on radios , but a wide variety of other devices and services including PCs using iTunes , station directories such as TuneIn , show directory smartphones with apps such as Stitcher and time-shifting services like DAR.fm ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "93.5 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CHMR-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CHMR-FM", "summary": "CHMR-FM is a campus radio station broadcasting on the campus of Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada at 93.5 MHz , Rogers Cable channel 942 and Aliant TV channel 825 . The Memorial University of Newfoundland Radio Society received approval by the CRTC in 1986 to operate on 93.5 MHz . The 93.5 frequency launched in January 1987 . The station is operated by the university 's undergraduate students ' union , MUNSU . A media fee paid by all undergraduate students at Memorial 's St. John 's campus is the primary funding for CHMR . Along with The Muse , CHMR receives two dollars from every student each semester . CHMR previously aired on cable radio at 103.7 MHz in the St. John 's area . It moved to digital cable in late 2006 , when Rogers discontinued all traditional cable FM service ." } ] }, { "value": "", "urls": [] }, { "value": "campus radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Campus_radio", "summary": "Campus radio ( also known as college radio , university radio or student radio ) is a type of radio station that is run by the students of a college , university or other educational institution . Programming may be exclusively by students , or may include programmers from the wider community in which the radio station is based . Sometimes campus radio stations are operated for the purpose of training professional radio personnel , sometimes with the aim of broadcasting educational programming , while other radio stations exist to provide alternative to commercial broadcasting or government broadcasters . Campus radio stations are generally licensed and regulated by national governments , and have very different characteristics from one country to the next . One commonality between many radio stations regardless of their physical location is a willingness - or , in some countries , even a licensing requirement - to broadcast musical selections that are not categorized as commercial hits . Because of this , campus radio has come to be associated with emerging musical trends , including genres such as punk and new wave , alternative rock , indie rock and hip hop , long before those genres become part of the musical mainstream . Campus radio stations also often provide airplay and promotional exposure to new and emerging local artists . Campus radio supported U2 and REM Many campus radio stations carry a variety of programming including news ( often local ) , sports ( often relating to the campus ) , and spoken word programming as well as general music . Often the radio format is best described as a freeform , with a lot of creativity and individualism among the disc jockeys and show hosts . A number of these radio stations have gained critical acclaim for their programming and are considered by the community in which they are embedded to be an essential media outlet . Although the term campus radio implies full-power AM or FM transmission over the air , many radio stations experiment with low-power broadcasting , closed circuit or carrier current systems , often to on-campus listeners only . Some radio stations are distributed through the cable television system on cable FM or the second audio program of a TV radio station ." } ] }, { "value": "Memorial University of Newfoundland Students ' Union", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland_Students'_Union", "summary": "Memorial University of Newfoundland Students ' Union , ( popularly known as MUNSU ) is an undergraduate student union located in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . It is the official student government representing the students of Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John 's Campus . Membership in the union is automatic and totals around 11,500 undergraduate students . MUNSU is local 35 of the Canadian Federation of Students , one of the national organizations of student unions in Canada . MUNSU is one of very few students ' unions in Canada to be directly recognized in provincial legislation as the official representatives of the student body ( see : The Memorial University Act ) ." } ] }, { "value": "94.7 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CHOZ-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CHOZ-FM", "summary": "CHOZ-FM is a Canadian radio station based in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador . Its main St. John 's transmitter broadcasts at 94.7 MHz , with additional transmitters located throughout the island . The station , known as OZFM , is one of the various media properties of the Stirling family ; this includes local television station CJON-DT ." } ] }, { "value": "OZFM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "hot adult contemporary", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Hot_adult_contemporary", "summary": "In North American music , adult contemporary music ( AC ) is a form of radio-played popular music , ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day , with varying degrees of easy listening , pop , soul , rhythm and blues , quiet storm , and rock influence . Adult contemporary is generally a continuation of the easy listening and soft rock style that became popular in the 1960s and 1970s with some adjustments that reflect the evolution of pop/rock music . Adult contemporary tends to have lush , soothing and highly polished qualities where emphasis on melody and harmonies is accentuated . It is usually melodic enough to get a listener 's attention , and is inoffensive and pleasurable enough to work well as background music . Like most of pop music , its songs tend to be written in a basic format employing a verse-chorus structure . The format is heavy on romantic sentimental ballads which mostly use acoustic instruments ( though bass guitar is usually used ) such as acoustic guitars , pianos , saxophones , and sometimes an orchestral set . The electric guitars are normally faint and high-pitched . However , recent adult contemporary music may feature synthesizers ( and other electronics , such as drum machines ) . An AC radio station may play mainstream music , but it excludes hip hop , dance tracks , hard rock , and some forms of teen pop , as these are less popular among adults , the target demographic . AC radio often targets the 25-44 age group , the demographic that has received the most attention from advertisers since the 1960s . A common practice in recent years of adult contemporary stations is to play less newer music and more hits of the past . This de-emphasis on new songs slows the progression of the AC chart ." } ] }, { "value": "Newfoundland Broadcasting", "urls": [] }, { "value": "97.5 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "VOCM-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/VOCM-FM", "summary": "VOCM-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 97.5 MHz from St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador . It is owned by Stingray Digital Group Inc . Presently the station is branded as 97.5 K-Rock and broadcasts a classic rock format , although some recent [ when ? ] rock songs [ example needed ] have lately [ when ? ] become part of the mix . On Sundays from 8am to 1pm , the station plays traditional Newfoundland folk music on the Home Brew Show . Originally launched in September 1982 , it was called VO Stereo and later as 97.5 VOFM and in the mid-1990s as Magic 97 . After a limited success with its easy listening format in the early 1980s as VO Stereo , a management decision was undertaken to pursue a younger audience . The late 1980s under the direction of manager Gary Butler and music Director Pat Murphy , the station began programming a mix of new and classic rock with great success . In less than two years , the station vaulted from last place to the number one FM station in St. John 's with a predominately young male audience . Although pleased with the results , management set about to build a stronger audience that would include more female listeners . Research [ by whom ? ]" } ] }, { "value": "97.5 K-Rock", "urls": [] }, { "value": "classic rock", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Classic_rock", "summary": "Classic rock is a radio format which developed from the album-oriented rock ( AOR ) format in the early 1980s . In the United States , the classic rock format features rock music ranging generally from the mid-1960s to the 1980s , primarily focusing on commercially successful blues rock and hard rock popularized in the 1970s AOR format . The radio format became increasingly popular with the baby boomer demographic by the end of the 1990s . Although classic rock has mostly appealed to adult listeners , music associated with this format received more exposure with younger generations of listeners with the presence of the Internet and digital downloading . Some classic rock stations also play a limited number of current releases which are stylistically consistent with the station 's sound , or by heritage acts that are still active and producing new music . Conceptually , classic rock has been analyzed by academics as an effort by critics , media , and music establishments to canonize rock music and commodify 1960s Western culture for audiences living in a post-baby boomer economy . The music predominantly selected for the format has been identified as commercially successful songs by white male acts from the Anglosphere , expressing values of Romanticism , self-aggrandizement , and politically undemanding ideologies ." } ] }, { "value": "Stingray Digital Group Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stingray_Digital_Group_Inc.", "summary": "Stingray Group , Inc. ( formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group ) is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment company based in Montreal , Quebec , with offices in the United States , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Switzerland , France , Israel , Australia and South Korea . The company broadcasts music and video content on platforms including cable and satellite television , IPTV , Internet , mobile devices and game consoles , and develops customized audio and digital services for retailers , hotels and other commercial clients . In 2018 , the company entered the terrestrial radio market by acquiring Canadian radio station group Newcap Radio for $ 506 million . Newcap 's owner , the family of Harold R. Steele , became Stingray 's largest outside shareholder as a result ." } ] }, { "value": "99.1 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CKIX-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CKIX-FM", "summary": "CKIX-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 99.1 FM in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador . The station currently broadcasts a Top 40/CHR format branded as 99.1 Hits FM . The station is owned by Stingray Digital Group Inc ." } ] }, { "value": "99.1 Hits FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "Contemporary hit radio", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Contemporary_hit_radio", "summary": "Contemporary hit radio ( also known as CHR , contemporary hits , hit list , current hits , hit music , top 40 , or pop radio ) is a radio format that is common in the United States , Brazil , United Kingdom , Ireland , Canada , New Zealand , Australia , the Philippines , Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore , China , Hong Kong , Taiwan , Japan , South Korea , Trinidad and Tobago , and South Africa , that focuses on playing current and recurrent popular music as determined by the top 40 music charts . There are several subcategories , dominantly focusing on rock , pop , or urban music . Used alone , CHR most often refers to the CHR-pop format . The term contemporary hit radio was coined in the early 1980s by Radio & Records magazine to designate top 40 stations which continued to play hits from all musical genres as pop music splintered into adult contemporary , urban contemporary and other formats . The term top 40 is also used to refer to the actual list of hit songs , and , by extension , to refer to pop music in general . The term has also been modified to describe top 50 ; top 30 ; top 20 ; top 10 ; hot 100 ( each with its number of songs ) and hot hits radio formats , but carrying more or less the same meaning and having the same creative point of origin with Todd Storz as further refined by Gordon McLendon as well as Bill Drake . The format became especially popular in the mid-sixties as radio stations constrained disc jockeys to numbered play lists in the wake of the payola scandal ." } ] }, { "value": "Stingray Digital Group Inc", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Stingray_Digital_Group_Inc.", "summary": "Stingray Group , Inc. ( formerly Stingray Digital and Stingray Digital Group ) is a publicly traded Canadian media and entertainment company based in Montreal , Quebec , with offices in the United States , the United Kingdom , the Netherlands , Switzerland , France , Israel , Australia and South Korea . The company broadcasts music and video content on platforms including cable and satellite television , IPTV , Internet , mobile devices and game consoles , and develops customized audio and digital services for retailers , hotels and other commercial clients . In 2018 , the company entered the terrestrial radio market by acquiring Canadian radio station group Newcap Radio for $ 506 million . Newcap 's owner , the family of Harold R. Steele , became Stingray 's largest outside shareholder as a result ." } ] }, { "value": "101.1 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CKSJ-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CKSJ-FM", "summary": "CKSJ-FM ( 101.1 MHz ) is a radio station broadcasting in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . Approved by the CRTC in 2003 , the station began broadcasting on February 12 , 2004 , and is the most recent radio station to have launched in that city . It is owned by Coast Broadcasting , owned by local businessman Andrew Bell . While launching as an adult contemporary station , it now defines its format as classic hits , concentrating primarily on older music . As of 2011 , the station 's classic hits format consists of music from the 1970s through 1990s . Specialty programs airing on the station include The '70s with Charlie Tuna , and Cool Jazz on the Coast hosted by Bill Sharpe . On August 1 , 2014 Coast Broadcasting was given permission to add a new FM transmitter in Clarenville , simulcasting CKSJ-FM in areas where reception of the primary signal is difficult . CKSJ-FM-1 went on the air in July 2015 at 107.5 MHz to the Clarenville area . In July 2016 , the CRTC approved a change in ownership for the station . Co-owner Andrew Bell had applied to take over 100% of the company ." } ] }, { "value": "Coast 101.1", "urls": [] }, { "value": "classic hits", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Classic_hits", "summary": "Classic hits is a radio format which generally includes songs from the top 40 music charts from the mid-1970s to the early 1990s , with music from the 1980s serving as the core of the format . Music that was popularized by MTV in the early 1980s and the nostalgia behind it is a major driver to the format . It is considered the successor to the oldies format , a collection of top 40 songs from the late 1950s through the late 1970s that was once extremely popular in the United States . The term is sometimes incorrectly used as a synonym for the adult hits format , which uses a slightly newer music library stretching from all decades to the present with a major focus on 1990s and 2000s rock and alternative songs . In addition , adult hits stations tend to have larger playlists , playing a given song only a few times per week , compared to the tighter libraries on classic hits stations . For example , KRTH , a classic hits station in Los Angeles , plays power songs up to 30 times a week , which is another differentiator compared to other formats that share songs with classic hits libraries . The classic hits format has become extremely popular in the last few years with stations like KRTH , WCBS-FM in New York , and WLS-FM in Chicago having successful ratings with this model . Classic hits was named format of the summer of 2018 by Nielsen Audio 's research team emphasizing the huge popularity of the format . In addition , the Millennial generation is listening to this format in record numbers , according to a Nielsen report . As of December 2019 there are now over 1,100 classic hits stations in the United States , the largest amount in format history ." } ] }, { "value": "Coast Broadcasting", "urls": [] }, { "value": "101.9 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBAX-FM-2", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBAX-FM", "summary": "CBAX-FM is a Canadian radio station , which broadcasts SRC 's Ici Musique network at 91.5 FM in Halifax , Nova Scotia . It was launched in 2002 . CBAX 's studios are located on Chebucto Road in Halifax , while its transmitter is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park ." } ] }, { "value": "Ici Musique", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ici_Musique", "summary": "Ici Musique ( stylized as ICI Musique ) is the French-language music radio service of Canada 's national public broadcaster , the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( Société Radio-Canada ) . It is the French equivalent of the English CBC Music , although it has a different programming focus ." } ] }, { "value": "public music", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_broadcasting", "summary": "Public broadcasting involves radio , television and other electronic-media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In many countries of the world , funding comes from governments , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most of their financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ( ranging from small shops to corporations ) , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority operate as private not-for-profit corporations . [ citation needed ] Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries a single organization runs public broadcasting . Other countries have multiple public-broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries ( with the notable exception of the United States ) . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "105.9 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBAF-FM-17", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBAF-FM-5", "summary": "CBAF-FM-5 is a French-language public radio station located in Halifax , Nova Scotia . It is part of the Ici Radio-Canada Première Network . Owned and operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation , it broadcasts at 92.3 MHz with an effective radiated power of 91,000 watts , using horizontal polarization . It is a Class C station using a non-directional antenna . The broadcast tower is located on Washmill Lake Drive in Clayton Park . The studios and offices are located on Chebucto Road in Halifax . The station also serves as the Première outlet for the Island of Newfoundland , by way of two repeaters ." } ] }, { "value": "Ici Radio-Canada Première", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_Première", "summary": "Ici Radio-Canada Première ( formerly Première Chaîne ) is a Canadian French-language radio network , the news and information service of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( known as Société Radio-Canada in French ) , the public broadcaster of Canada . It is the French counterpart of CBC Radio One , the CBC 's similar English-language radio network . The service is available across Canada , although not as widely as CBC Radio One . Only the provinces of Quebec and Ontario are served by more than one Première originating station . In all other provinces , the whole province is served by a single station with multiple transmitters . The network does , however , reach 90 percent of all Canadian francophones . Each originating station outside Montreal airs a national schedule , taken from flagship station CBF-FM , complete with opted-out local/regional shows at peak times , depending on each market . News bulletins are aired live , irrespective of location . The network may broadcast on either the AM or FM bands , depending on the market . A national version is available across North America on Sirius XM Canada channel 170 . Première was available in Europe , North Africa and the Middle East live via the Hot Bird satellite . The satellite service closed in June 2012 as part of the budget measures affecting Radio Canada International ." } ] }, { "value": "news / talk", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/News", "summary": "News is information about current events . This may be provided through many different media : word of mouth , printing , postal systems , broadcasting , electronic communication , or through the testimony of observers and witnesses to events . Common topics for news reports include war , government , politics , education , health , the environment , economy , business , fashion , and entertainment , as well as athletic events , quirky or unusual events . Government proclamations , concerning royal ceremonies , laws , taxes , public health , and criminals , have been dubbed news since ancient times . Humans exhibit a nearly universal desire to learn and share news , which they satisfy by talking to each other and sharing information . Technological and social developments , often driven by government communication and espionage networks , have increased the speed with which news can spread , as well as influenced its content . The genre of news as we know it today is closely associated with the newspaper , which originated in China as a court bulletin and spread , with paper and printing press , to Europe ." }, { "url": "/wiki/Talk_radio", "summary": "Talk radio is a radio format containing discussion about topical issues and consisting entirely or almost entirely of original spoken word content rather than outside music . Most shows are regularly hosted by a single individual , and often feature interviews with a number of different guests . Talk radio typically includes an element of listener participation , usually by broadcasting live conversations between the host and listeners who call in ( usually via telephone ) to the show . Listener contributions are usually screened by a show 's producers in order to maximize audience interest and , in the case of commercial talk radio , to attract advertisers . Generally , the shows are organized into segments , each separated by a pause for advertisements ; however , in public or non-commercial radio , music is sometimes played in place of commercials to separate the program segments . Variations of talk radio include conservative talk , hot talk , liberal talk ( increasingly known as progressive talk ) and sports talk . While talk radio has historically been associated with broadcast radio , starting around 2005 the technology for Internet-based talk-radio shows became cost effective in the form of live Internet website streaming and podcasts . Now , it is possible for an individual to use a variety of services to host an Internet-based talk-radio show without carriage by a traditional radio station . In addition , TV programming from talk and news outlets such as BBC , CNN , Bloomberg and Fox is now often available expanding the world of talk radio further . Talk radio listening is enjoyed not only on radios , but a wide variety of other devices and services including PCs using iTunes , station directories such as TuneIn , show directory smartphones with apps such as Stitcher and time-shifting services like DAR.fm ." } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] }, { "value": "106.9 FM", "urls": [] }, { "value": "CBN-FM", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBN-FM", "summary": "CBN-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting in St. John 's , Newfoundland and Labrador at 106.9 MHz . The station was launched in 1975 . It is part of the CBC 's CBC Music network . Local programming is limited to weather updates and a pre-broadcast of the local Radio One station 's Saturday afternoon cultural program , The Performance Hour , on Saturdays at 11:30 a.m . The latter airs primarily to fill time , as some Saturday afternoon programs are timed to air live in both the Atlantic and Eastern time zones . Among CBC Music stations , only CBN-FM and Halifax 's CBH-FM air any long-form local programming of this type ." } ] }, { "value": "CBC Music", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/CBC_Music", "summary": "CBC Music ( formerly known as CBC FM , CBC Stereo and CBC Radio 2 ) is a Canadian FM radio network operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . It used to concentrate on classical music and jazz . In 2007 and 2008 , the network transitioned towards a new adult music format with a variety of genres , with the classical genre generally restricted to midday hours . In 2009 , Radio 2 averaged 2.1 million listeners weekly , and it was the second largest radio network in Canada ." } ] }, { "value": "public music", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Public_broadcasting", "summary": "Public broadcasting involves radio , television and other electronic-media outlets whose primary mission is public service . In many countries of the world , funding comes from governments , especially via annual fees charged on receivers . In the United States , public broadcasters may receive some funding from both federal and state sources , but generally most of their financial support comes from underwriting by foundations and businesses ( ranging from small shops to corporations ) , along with audience contributions via pledge drives . The great majority operate as private not-for-profit corporations . [ citation needed ] Public broadcasting may be nationally or locally operated , depending on the country and the station . In some countries a single organization runs public broadcasting . Other countries have multiple public-broadcasting organizations operating regionally or in different languages . Historically , public broadcasting was once the dominant or only form of broadcasting in many countries ( with the notable exception of the United States ) . Commercial broadcasting now also exists in most of these countries ; the number of countries with only public broadcasting declined substantially during the latter part of the 20th century . [ citation needed ]" } ] }, { "value": "Canadian Broadcasting Corporation", "urls": [ { "url": "/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation", "summary": "The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation ( French : Société Radio-Canada ) , branded as CBC/Radio-Canada , is a Canadian federal Crown corporation that serves as the national public broadcaster for both radio and television . The English- and French-language service units of the corporation are commonly known as CBC and Radio-Canada , respectively . Although some local stations in Canada predate the CBC 's founding , CBC is the oldest existing broadcasting network in Canada . The CBC was established on November 2 , 1936 . The CBC operates four terrestrial radio networks : The English-Language CBC Radio One and CBC Music , and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Première and Ici Musique . ( International radio service Radio Canada International historically transmitted via shortwave radio , but since 2012 its content is only available as podcasts on its website . ) The CBC also operates two terrestrial television networks , the English-Language CBC Television and the French-Language Ici Radio-Canada Télé , along with the satellite/cable networks CBC News Network , Ici RDI , Ici Explora , Documentary Channel ( part ownership ) , and Ici ARTV . The CBC operates services for the Canadian Arctic under the names CBC North and Radio-Canada Nord . The CBC also operates digital services including CBC.ca/Ici.Radio-Canada.ca , CBC Radio 3 , CBC Music/ICI.mu and Ici.TOU.TV , and owns 20.2% of satellite radio broadcaster Sirius XM Canada , which carries several CBC-produced audio channels . CBC/Radio-Canada offers programming in English , French and eight aboriginal languages on its domestic radio service , and in five languages on its web-based international radio service , Radio Canada International ( RCI ) . However , budget cuts in the early 2010s have contributed to the corporation reducing its service via the airwaves , discontinuing RCI 's shortwave broadcasts as well as terrestrial television broadcasts in all communities served by network-owned rebroadcast transmitters , including communities not subject to Canada 's over-the-air digital television transition . CBC 's federal funding is supplemented by revenue from commercial advertising on its television broadcasts ." } ] } ], "section_title": "Radio", "section_text": "St. John 's is currently the only Canadian city served by radio stations whose call letters do not all begin with the letter C. The ITU prefix VO was assigned to the Dominion of Newfoundland before the province joined Canadian Confederation in 1949 , and three AM stations kept their existing call letters ; the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland 's VONF , however , was taken over by CBC Radio and adopted the new call sign CBN . However , radio stations in St. John 's which went to air after 1949 use the same range of prefixes ( CF–CK ) currently in use elsewhere in Canada , with the exception of VOCM-FM , which was permitted to adopt the VOCM callsign because of its corporate association with the AM station that already bore that callsign . VO also remains in use in amateur radio .", "uid": "Media_in_St._John's,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_0", "intro": "This is a list of media in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador." }