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<s>[INST] Are c-peptide levels associated with mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients undergoing angiography : the LURIC study? [/INST] yes, In patients undergoing coronary angiography, C-peptide levels are independently associated with all cause and cardiovascular mortality as well as presence and severity of coronary artery disease. Further studies are needed to examine a potential causal role of C-peptide in atherogenesis in humans. The source for this answer is PMID: 23204248. </s>

<s>[INST] Is chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy associated with the metabolic syndrome? [/INST] yes, Abdominal obesity and hypertension seem to be the most consistent contributing components of the metabolic syndrome in patients with CIAP. Evaluation and appropriate treatment of these risk factors in patients with CIAP would be advocated. The source for this answer is PMID: 23204246. </s>

<s>[INST] Are excretions/secretions from bacteria-pretreated maggot more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms? [/INST] yes, Our results showed that the maggot ES, especially the bacteria-pretreated larva ES may provide a new insight into the treatment tool of the bacterial biofilms. The source for this answer is PMID: 23226221. </s>

<s>[INST] Do bioassay studies support the potential for iatrogenic transmission of variant Creutzfeldt Jakob Disease through dental procedures? [/INST] yes, Infectivity was higher than expected, in a wider range of oral tissues, than was allowed for in previous risk assessments. Disease was transmitted following transient exposure of the gingiva to a contaminated dental file. These observations provide evidence that dental procedures could be a route of cross-infection for vCJD and support the enforcement of single-use for certain dental instruments. The source for this answer is PMID: 23226225. </s>

<s>[INST] Is caregiver burden in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis more dependent on patients ' behavioral changes than physical disability : a comparative study? [/INST] yes, Our study has identified that behavioral changes (e.g. disinhibition, impulsivity) and caregiver stress have greater impact on caregiver burden than level and pattern of physical disability. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216745. </s>

<s>[INST] Does maintenance of S-nitrosothiol homeostasis play an important role in growth suppression of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors? [/INST] yes, The ER status in breast cancer may dictate tumor response to different nitrosative environments. Impairment of SNO homeostasis confers survival advantages to ER+ breast tumors, and these molecular mechanisms may also participate in the development of resistance against hormonal therapies that arise in this type of mammary tumors. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216744. </s>

<s>[INST] Is innate immune dysfunction associated with enhanced disease severity in infants with severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis? [/INST] yes, Infants with severe RSV bronchiolitis had increased plasma cytokine concentrations and yet impaired innate immunity cytokine production capacity, which predicted worse disease outcomes. Immune monitoring of otherwise healthy infants with RSV lower respiratory tract infection could help identify patients at risk for severe disease at the time of hospitalization. The source for this answer is PMID: 23204162. </s>

<s>[INST] Does silencing of microRNA-101 prevent IL-1β-induced extracellular matrix degradation in chondrocytes? [/INST] yes, miR-101 participates in IL-1β-induced chondrocyte ECM degradation. Down-regulating miR-101 expression can prevent the IL-1β-induced ECM degradation in chondrocytes. miR-101 probably functions by directly targeting Sox9 mRNA. The source for this answer is PMID: 23227940. </s>

<s>[INST] Are genetic variations in ADIPOQ gene associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? [/INST] yes, We conducted the first investigation of the association between the SNPs in ADIPOQ and COPD risk. Our current findings suggest that ADIPOQ may be a potential risk gene for COPD. Further studies in larger groups are warranted to confirm our results. The source for this answer is PMID: 23209832. </s>

<s>[INST] Do fish omega-3 fatty acids induce liver fibrosis in the treatment of bile duct-ligated rats? [/INST] yes, Fish omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, albeit increased tissue content of DHA, tended to increase liver fibrosis in BDL rats, decrease liver glutathione level, and compromise hepatic function; fish oil supplementation to subjects with biliary atresia might be of potential hazard and should be used with caution. The source for this answer is PMID: 23203732. </s>

<s>[INST] Do global epigenetic changes induced by SWI2/SNF2 inhibitors characterize neomycin-resistant mammalian cells? [/INST] yes, The use of neomycin-resistant genes revolutionized mammalian transfections even though questions linger about efficacy. In this study, we have demonstrated that selection of neomycin-resistant cells results in survival of only those cells that have undergone epigenetic changes, and therefore, data obtained using these resistant genes as selection markers need to be cautiously evaluated. The source for this answer is PMID: 23209606. </s>

<s>[INST] Does angiotensin ( 1-7 ) ameliorate angiotensin II-induced inflammation by inhibiting LOX-1 expression? [/INST] yes, Our findings suggest that angiotensin (1-7) prevents Ang II-induced inflammation by inhibiting LOX-1 mRNA and protein expression in ECs and may represent a novel pleiotropic effect of angiotensin (1-7). The source for this answer is PMID: 23233095. </s>

<s>[INST] Are overweight/obesity and underweight both risk factors for osteoporotic fractures at different sites in Japanese postmenopausal women? [/INST] yes, Overweight/obesity and underweight are both risk factors for fractures at different sites. Fracture risk assessment may be improved if fracture sites are taken into account and BMI is categorized. The source for this answer is PMID: 23229467. </s>

<s>[INST] Does external tube pancreatostomy reduce the risk of mortality associated with completion pancreatectomy for symptomatic fistulas complicating pancreaticoduodenectomy? [/INST] yes, External tube pancreatostomy significantly reduces the mortality associated with emergency CP. Thus, it should always be considered when deciding the treatment option in emergency surgery for severe pancreatic fistulas. The source for this answer is PMID: 23207684. </s>

<s>[INST] Does tROP2 correlate with microvessel density and poor prognosis in hilar cholangiocarcinoma? [/INST] yes, TROP2 expression correlates with microvessel density significantly and is an independent prognostic factor in human hilar cholangiocarcinoma. The source for this answer is PMID: 23207686. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the major facilitator superfamily transporter MdtM contribute to the intrinsic resistance of Escherichia coli to quaternary ammonium compounds? [/INST] yes, The results support a hitherto unidentified capacity for a single-component multidrug transporter of the major facilitator superfamily, MdtM, to function in the efflux of a broad range of QACs and thus contribute to the intrinsic resistance of E. coli to these compounds. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221628. </s>

<s>[INST] Does 3-Hydroxyphthalic anhydride-modified human serum albumin as a microbicide candidate inhibit HIV infection by blocking viral entry? [/INST] yes, Because of its broad and potent anti-HIV-1 activity, low cytotoxicity and low immunogenicity to humans, HP-HSA has great potential for further development as a microbicide to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221626. </s>

<s>[INST] Does microRNA-204-5p regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during human posterior capsule opacification by targeting SMAD4? [/INST] yes, Our data provide firm evidence of a role for miR-204-5p in the direct regulation of EMT through its targeting of SMAD4 and, consequently, TGF-β signaling. Because of its ability to repress the EMT, miR-204-5p may be a novel target for PCO therapeutic intervention. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221074. </s>

<s>[INST] Does protein leverage affect energy intake of high-protein diets in humans? [/INST] yes, We found evidence to support the protein leverage hypothesis in that individuals underate relative to energy balance from diets containing a higher protein-to-carbohydrate + fat ratio. No evidence for protein leverage effects from diets containing a lower ratio of protein to carbohydrate + fat was obtained. It remains to be shown whether a relatively low protein intake would cause overeating or would be the effect of overeating of carbohydrate and fat. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01320189. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221572. </s>

<s>[INST] Does resting-state connectivity of the sustained attention network correlate with disease duration in idiopathic generalized epilepsy? [/INST] yes, Alterations of FC in IGE patients are not limited to the frontal areas. However, as indicated by specificity analysis, patients with long history of disease show changes in FC mainly within the frontal areas. The source for this answer is PMID: 23227168. </s>

<s>[INST] Does corticosteroid-induced immunosuppression ultimately compromise the efficacy of antibiotherapy in murine Mycobacterium ulcerans infection? [/INST] no, These findings reveal a major role of the RS bactericidal activity for the resolution of M. ulcerans experimental infections even during immunosuppression, and support clinical investigation on the potential use of corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive/anti-inflammatory drugs for the management of BU patients undergoing paradoxical reactions. The source for this answer is PMID: 23209864. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pre-encoding administration of amphetamine or THC preferentially modulate emotional memory in humans? [/INST] yes, This study provides the first clear evidence that stimulant drugs can preferentially strengthen, and cannabinoids can preferentially impair, memory for emotional events in humans. Although addictive drugs do not appear to positively bias memory, the possibility remains that these drugs' effects on emotional memory could influence drug use among certain individuals. The source for this answer is PMID: 23224510. </s>

<s>[INST] Is routine screening for Cushing 's syndrome required in patients presenting with hirsutism? [/INST] no, Routine screening for CS in patients with a referral diagnosis of hirsutism is not required. For the time being, diagnostic tests for CS in hirsute patients should be limited to patients who have accompanying clinical stigmata of hypercortisolism. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221034. </s>

<s>[INST] Are umbilical cord levels of sclerostin , placental weight , and birth weight predictors of total bone mineral content in neonates? [/INST] yes, We found that UCP sclerostin levels, birth weight, and placental weight were significant predictors of neonatal BMC but found no evidence for a main role of maternal levels of α-klotho, FGF23, sclerostin, or 25(OH)D nor of UCP levels of α-klotho, FGF23, or 25(OH)D. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221033. </s>

<s>[INST] Is red cell distribution width an independent predictor of mortality in hip fracture? [/INST] yes, RDW, a widely available parameter on FBC, is independently associated with an increased risk of short- and long-term mortality following hip fracture. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221032. </s>

<s>[INST] Is metformin intake associated with better survival in ovarian cancer : a case-control study? [/INST] yes, The results of this study indicated an association of metformin intake with survival in patients with ovarian cancer. The receipt of metformin was associated with better survival, and the authors concluded that metformin is worthy of clinical trials in ovarian cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 23208739. </s>

<s>[INST] Are paediatric bone and joint infections more common in boys and toddlers : a national epidemiology study? [/INST] yes, This national study of paediatric BJIs in France showed a higher prevalence in toddlers and boys and demonstrated that the HD database can be used to study BJIs. However, the number of BJI cases was maybe overestimated by coding reactive arthritis as septic arthritis in the absence of bacterial evidence. The source for this answer is PMID: 23205841. </s>

<s>[INST] Is valgus malalignment a risk factor for lateral knee osteoarthritis incidence and progression : findings from the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative? [/INST] yes, Valgus malalignment increases the risk of knee OA radiographic progression and incidence as well as the risk of lateral cartilage damage. It may cause these effects, in part, by increasing the risk of meniscal damage. The source for this answer is PMID: 23203672. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the renoprotective effect of L-carnitine in hypertensive rats mediated by modulation of oxidative stress-related gene expression? [/INST] yes, Our results might support the use of LC to prevent hypertension-induced renal damage. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223967. </s>

<s>[INST] Does nimotuzumab promote radiosensitivity of EGFR-overexpression esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells by upregulating IGFBP-3? [/INST] yes, Nimotuzumab could enhance the RT effect of ESCC cells with a functional active EGFR pathway. In particular, the increased ESCC radiosensitivity by Nimotuzumab might be dependent on the up-regulation of IGFBP-3 through EGFR-dependent pathway. The source for this answer is PMID: 23232108. </s>

<s>[INST] Is cITED2 a novel direct effector of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma cell growth? [/INST] yes, CITED2 is a direct effector of PPARγ for tumor suppression. Cancer 2013. © 2012 American Cancer Society. The source for this answer is PMID: 23212831. </s>

<s>[INST] Is epidermal growth factor receptor related to poor survival in glioblastomas : single-institution experience? [/INST] yes, The expression of EGFR demonstrated a significantly deleterious effect on the survival of GBM patients. Therefore, approaches targeting EGFR should be considered in potential treatment methods for GBM patients, in addition to current management strategies. The source for this answer is PMID: 23225805. </s>

<s>[INST] Does minocycline reduce reactive gliosis in the rat model of hydrocephalus? [/INST] yes, Minocycline treatment is effective in reducing the gliosis and delaying the development of hydrocephalus with prospective to be the auxiliary therapeutic method of hydrocephalus. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217034. </s>

<s>[INST] Is renal uptake of 99mTc-dimercaptosuccinic acid dependent on normal proximal tubule receptor-mediated endocytosis? [/INST] yes, (99m)Tc-DMSA is filtered bound to α1-microglobulin and accumulates in the kidneys by megalin/cubilin-mediated endocytosis of the (99m)Tc-DMSA protein complex. Renal accumulation of (99m)Tc-DMSA is thus critically dependent on megalin/cubilin receptor function and therefore is a marker of proximal tubule endocytic activity. The source for this answer is PMID: 23232279. </s>

<s>[INST] Does silodosin inhibit noradrenaline-activated transcription factors Elk1 and SRF in human prostate smooth muscle? [/INST] yes, Silodosin blocks the activation of the two transcription factors, Elk1 and SRF, which is induced by noradrenaline in the human prostate. A role of α1-adrenoceptors beyond smooth muscle contraction may be considered, which includes a function in transcriptional regulation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23226423. </s>

<s>[INST] Is heat shock protein 90 an essential molecular chaperone for CB2 cannabinoid receptor-mediated signaling in trabecular meshwork cells? [/INST] yes, The data from this study establish a specific interaction between Hsp90 and the CB2 receptor in TM cells. In addition, the current study demonstrates that by interacting with the CB2 receptor, Hsp90 plays an important role as a molecular chaperone in CB2 receptor-mediated cell signaling and actin cytoskeleton rearrangement in TM cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 23233786. </s>

<s>[INST] Does overexpression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy inhibit retinal neovascularization via downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor-A expression? [/INST] yes, Our results suggest that overexpression of 15-LOX-1 inhibits RNV in a mouse model of OIR via downregulation of VEGF-A expression, and 15-LOX-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for ocular neovascularization diseases. The source for this answer is PMID: 23233787. </s>

<s>[INST] Are intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells resistant to N-methyl-D-aspartic acid excitotoxicity? [/INST] yes, Our data support the existence of an efficient survival system for ipRGCs. This system does not depend on PI3K/AKT or JAK/STAT signaling. Identification of the responsible molecular survival mechanisms may provide clues to protect "traditional" ganglion cells in diseases such as glaucoma. The source for this answer is PMID: 23233784. </s>

<s>[INST] Do everolimus-treated renal transplant recipients have a more robust CMV-specific CD8+ T-cell response compared with cyclosporine- or mycophenolate-treated patients? [/INST] yes, We observed a significant increase in (CMV-specific) effector-type CD8 and CD4 T-cell counts in everolimus-treated patients. These findings may at least in part explain the reported low incidence of CMV-related pathology in everolimus-treated patients. The source for this answer is PMID: 23222818. </s>

<s>[INST] Do oral neutrophils display a site-specific phenotype characterized by expression of T-cell receptors? [/INST] yes, To the best of the authors' knowledge, it is demonstrated for the first time that, compared with circulating neutrophils, oral neutrophils present a site-specific gene expression profile in healthy individuals. The source for this answer is PMID: 23205919. </s>

<s>[INST] Does cyclinD1 protein play different roles in modulating chemoresponses in MCF7 and MDA-MB231 cells? [/INST] yes, Our results suggest that the functions of cyclinD1 protein in modulating chemoresponses in the MCF7 and MB231 cells are independent to its function as cell cycle initiator through activation of CDK4/6. Furthermore, the signals modulated by cyclinD1 upon treatment are determined by the drug and the cellular network. The source for this answer is PMID: 23233819. </s>

<s>[INST] Does intratumoral acetic acid injection eradicate human prostate cancer tumors in a murine model? [/INST] yes, Direct injection of acetic acid successfully eradicated both tumors. This treatment option could potentially be used in humans for treatment of early localized prostate cancer and nonoperative management of locally advanced cases. This is the first report of successful local chemical therapy for prostate cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 23212295. </s>

<s>[INST] Is cluster headache associated with an increased risk of depression : a nationwide population-based cohort study? [/INST] yes, Our results showed that CH is associated with an increased risk for depression. The strength of this association is similar to that of migraine. The source for this answer is PMID: 23212294. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the major circadian pacemaker ARNT-like protein-1 ( BMAL1 ) associated with susceptibility to gestational diabetes mellitus? [/INST] yes, These data suggest that the impairment of the BMAL1 clock gene expression is closely associated with GDM susceptibility. The source for this answer is PMID: 23206673. </s>

<s>[INST] Are r-spondins involved in the ovarian differentiation in a teleost , medaka ( Oryzias latipes )? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that the Rspo-activating signaling pathway is involved in the ovarian differentiation and maintenance in medaka. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217106. </s>

<s>[INST] Is global methylation profiling in serous ovarian cancer indicative for distinct aberrant DNA methylation signatures associated with tumor aggressiveness and disease progression? [/INST] yes, Our data raise the concern that demethylating drugs that are currently being used in advanced EOC disease (representing the majority of serous EOC cases) might have adverse effects due to activation of oncogenes and prometastatic genes. Understanding the relative roles of hypomethylation and hypermethylation in cancer could have clear implications on the therapeutic use of agents targeting the DNA methylation machinery. The source for this answer is PMID: 23219462. </s>

<s>[INST] Does long-term entecavir treatment reduce hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection? [/INST] yes, Long-term ETV treatment may reduce the incidence of HCC in HBV-infected patients. The treatment effect was greater in patients at higher risk of HCC. The source for this answer is PMID: 23213040. </s>

<s>[INST] Is vascular endothelial growth factor production induced by histone deacetylase 1 and suppressed by von Hippel-Lindau protein in HaCaT cells? [/INST] yes, These data demonstrate that HDAC1, LL-37 and VHL can modulate the production of VEGF via HIF-1alpha in HaCaT cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217559. </s>

<s>[INST] Does profiling of microRNA-mRNA reveal roles of microRNAs in cervical cancer? [/INST] yes, The differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs in cervical cancer and related miRNA-gene network have been identified. They play important roles in cervical tumorigenesis and are involved in many important biological functions and signal transduction pathways. These findings lay a foundation for research on the molecular mechanism of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217399. </s>

<s>[INST] Do interleukin-18 and -12 synergistically enhance cytotoxic functions of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes? [/INST] yes, IL-18 and IL-12 can synergistically enhance cytotoxic functions of TILs from human gastric cancer. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217394. </s>

<s>[INST] Do cYP3A4 genetic polymorphisms predict cyclosporine-related clinical events in Chinese renal transplant recipients? [/INST] yes, CYP3A4 1G/1G genotype predict increased risk of acute rejection, so genetic evaluation may partly help to identify patients at risk and to modulate CsA therapy to optimize graft and patient outcomes. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217392. </s>

<s>[INST] Is when wanting to change enough : automatic appetitive processes moderate the effects of a brief alcohol intervention in hazardous-drinking college students? [/INST] no, The results support the idea that automatic mental processes may moderate the influence of brief motivational interventions on quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion. The findings suggest that intervention efficacy may be improved by utilizing implicit measures to identify those who may be responsive to brief interventions and by developing intervention elements to address the influence of automatic processes on drinking behavior. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217219. </s>

<s>[INST] Do artificial sweeteners versus regular mixers increase breath alcohol concentrations in male and female social drinkers? [/INST] yes, Mixing alcohol with a diet soft drink resulted in elevated BrACs, as compared with the same amount of alcohol mixed with a sugar-sweetened beverage. Individuals were unaware of these differences, a factor that may increase the safety risks associated with drinking alcohol. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216417. </s>

<s>[INST] Does pectin nanoparticle enhance cytotoxicity of methotrexate against HepG2 cells? [/INST] yes, This study verified that pectin can deliver methotrexate to hepatic cancer cell and provide sustained drug delivery. The cytotoxicity of methotrexate was enhanced when methotrexate was conjugated to pectin indicating the improved drug delivery to cancer cell. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216416. </s>

<s>[INST] Does perineural invasion on prostate biopsy predict adverse pathological outcome? [/INST] no, Perineural invasion on prostate needle biopsy is not predictive of radical prostatectomy outcome. Furthermore, perineural invasion on biopsy has limited predictive value for perineural invasion at radical prostatectomy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23228294. </s>

<s>[INST] Is reduced CYP2D6 function associated with gefitinib-induced rash in patients with non-small cell lung cancer? [/INST] yes, The frequency of rash was significantly higher in patients with reduced CYP2D6 activity who treated with gefitinib compared to patients with functional CYP2D6. CYP2D6 phenotypes are a risk factor for the development of rash in response to gefitinib therapy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23207012. </s>

<s>[INST] Is obesity in adolescence associated with perinatal risk factors , parental BMI and sociodemographic characteristics? [/INST] yes, The current study identified certain perinatal factors (that is, maternal pre-pregnancy obesity, maternal smoking at pregnancy, rapid infant weight gain and late introduction of solid foods at weaning) and parental characteristics (that is, younger fathers, Greek nationality, less educated and overweight parents) as important risk factors for children's overweight and obesity, indicating the multifactorial nature of their etiology and the need to extend our understanding beyond positive energy equilibrium. The source for this answer is PMID: 23232586. </s>

<s>[INST] Does safety climate reduce medication and dislodgement errors in routine intensive care practice? [/INST] yes, Safety climate apparently contributes to a reduction of medical errors that represent a particularly error-prone aspect of frontline staff performance during typical routine processes in intensive care. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223821. </s>

<s>[INST] Is the risk of hardware infection in deep brain stimulation surgery greater at impulse generator replacement than at the primary procedure? [/INST] yes, It is unclear why infection rates should be more than three times higher after IPG replacement surgery than after the de novo procedure. The former is a shorter and simpler procedure to conduct. Perhaps the use of better antimicrobial protection and rechargeable batteries may be useful strategies to reduce infections following IPG revision surgery. The source for this answer is PMID: 23207787. </s>

<s>[INST] Is asthmatic airway neutrophilia after allergen challenge associated with the glutathione S-transferase M1 genotype? [/INST] yes, The functional GSTM1 genotype promotes neutrophilic airway inflammation in humans with atopic asthma in vivo. The source for this answer is PMID: 23204253. </s>

<s>[INST] Does the proline-rich tyrosine kinase Pyk2 regulate platelet integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling? [/INST] yes, These results identify a novel pathway of integrin αIIbβ3 outside-in signaling and recognize the tyrosine kinase Pyk2 as a major regulator of platelet adhesion and spreading on fibrinogen. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216754. </s>

<s>[INST] Does relief of hypersensitivity after nerve injury from systemic donepezil involve spinal cholinergic and γ-aminobutyric acid mechanisms? [/INST] yes, Systemic administration of donepezil reduces hypersensitivity after nerve injury by increasing extracellular ACh concentration, which itself induces GABA release in the spinal cord. Activation of this spinal cholinergic-GABAergic interaction represents a promising treatment for neuropathic pain. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221863. </s>

<s>[INST] Does activation of D1 dopamine receptors induce emergence from isoflurane general anesthesia? [/INST] yes, Activation of D1 receptors by chloro-APB decreases time to emergence from isoflurane anesthesia and produces behavioral and neurophysiologic evidence of arousal during continuous isoflurane anesthesia. These findings suggest that selective activation of a D1 receptor-mediated arousal mechanism is sufficient to induce emergence from isoflurane general anesthesia. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221866. </s>

<s>[INST] Do triglyceride-based screening tests fail to recognize cardiometabolic disease in African immigrant and African-American men? [/INST] yes, Hypertriglyceridemia is a poor marker of cardiometabolic disease in men of African descent. Therefore TG-based screening tests fail to identify both African immigrants and African-American men with cardiometabolic disease. As a consequence, the opportunity for early intervention and prevention is lost. The source for this answer is PMID: 23215943. </s>

<s>[INST] Is muscle fatigue in fibromyalgia in the brain , not in the muscles : a case-control study of perceived versus objective muscle fatigue? [/INST] yes, Women with FM had shorter exhaustion times and showed fewer objective signs of muscle fatigue during an exhausting isometric shoulder abduction compared with younger HC. This indicates that perceived muscle fatigue may be of central origin and supports the notion of central nervous dysfunction as basic pathological changes in FM. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223425. </s>

<s>[INST] Does microarray-based gene expression profiling in patients with cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes define a disease-related signature and IL-1-responsive transcripts? [/INST] yes, We identified a gene expression signature that clearly distinguished CAPS patients from controls. A number of DEG were in common with other systemic inflammatory diseases such as systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The CAPS-specific gene expression classifiers also suggest incomplete suppression of inflammation at low doses of anakinra. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223423. </s>

<s>[INST] Do soft tissue sarcoma subtypes exhibit distinct patterns of acquired uniparental disomy? [/INST] yes, Our study yields a detailed map of aUPD across 9 diverse STS subtypes and suggests the potential location of several novel tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217126. </s>

<s>[INST] Is alpha B-crystallin a new prognostic marker for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma? [/INST] yes, The data suggest that αB-crystallin expression is correlated with malignant phenotypes of LSCC and it may serve as a novel prognostic factor for LSCC. The source for this answer is PMID: 23231769. </s>

<s>[INST] Does combined use of anti-ErbB monoclonal antibodies and erlotinib enhance antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of wild-type erlotinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines? [/INST] yes, Our results indicate that erlotinib increases surface expression of EGFR and/or HER2 only in EGFR-TKI sensitive NSCLC cell lines and, in turns, leads to increased susceptibility to ADCC both in vitro and in a xenograft models. The combination of erlotinib with monoclonal antibodies represents a potential strategy to improve the treatment of wild-type EGFR NSCLC patients sensitive to erlotinib. The source for this answer is PMID: 23234355. </s>

<s>[INST] Does endogenous protein C have a protective role during Gram-negative pneumosepsis ( melioidosis )? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that the mere inhibition of the anticoagulant function of APC does not interfere with its protective role during Gram-negative pneumosepsis, suggesting a more prominent role for cytoprotective effects of APC . The source for this answer is PMID: 23216621. </s>

<s>[INST] Is functional response to cardiac resynchronization therapy associated with improved clinical outcome and absence of appropriate shocks? [/INST] yes, Functional responders to CRT have a good prognosis and rarely need ICD therapy. LBBB, QRS duration ≥ 150 milliseconds and lack of chronic diuretic use predict functional response. The source for this answer is PMID: 23210664. </s>

<s>[INST] Does `` The kind peace of mind culture '' improve patient satisfaction? [/INST] yes, The sample setting was a 24-bed case mix of a Sub Acute and Acute Rehabilitation unit. Data were collected before and after implementation results that indicate the frequency of call lights decreased and patient satisfaction scores increased. The source for this answer is PMID: 23212953. </s>

<s>[INST] Does bayesian modeling of pretransplant variables accurately predict kidney graft survival? [/INST] yes, We found recipient BMI, gender, race, and donor age to be influential predictors of outcome, while wait time and human leukocyte antigen matching were much less associated with outcome. BBN enabled us to examine variables from a large database to develop a robust predictive model. The source for this answer is PMID: 23221105. </s>

<s>[INST] Is salivary antigen SP32 the immunodominant target of the antibody response to Phlebotomus papatasi bites in humans? [/INST] yes, Our findings demonstrate that PpSP32 is the immunodominant target of the antibody response to P. papatasi saliva. They also indicate that the recombinant form of PpSP32 is similar to the native one and represents a good candidate for large scale testing of human exposure to P. papatasi bites and perhaps for assessing the risk of contracting the disease. The source for this answer is PMID: 23209854. </s>

<s>[INST] Does decline in physical functioning in first 2 years after breast cancer diagnosis predict 10-year survival in older women? [/INST] yes, Older women with breast cancer who experience a large and persistent decline in PF-10 are at increased mortality risk. Future research should examine the value of clinical assessment of physical function as a marker for mortality and test interventions to prevent decline in physical function to improve post-treatment survival outcomes. The source for this answer is PMID: 23232922. </s>

<s>[INST] Does alpha-mangostin induce changes in glutathione levels associated with glutathione peroxidase activity in rat brain synaptosomes? [/INST] yes, This finding was interpreted as a modulatory action of the GSH system in preparation to exert antioxidant responses. Although FeSO(4) exhibited similar effects, these were interpreted as a compensatory response to the toxic actions of the pro-oxidant. We came to this conclusion based on our previous report where alpha-mangostin produced antiperoxidative effects and FeSO(4) produced oxidative damage to lipids. GST activity remained unaffected by both the antioxidant and the pro-oxidant. Our results suggest that alpha-mangostin is able to modulate GPx activity as a potential antioxidant strategy, thereby transiently consuming GSH levels. The source for this answer is PMID: 23232053. </s>

<s>[INST] Is initial treatment with 15 mg of prednisolone daily sufficient for most patients with subacute thyroiditis in Japan? [/INST] yes, The treatment protocol that we employed had 15 mg/day of PSL as the initial dosage for the treatment of SAT, with tapering by 5 mg every 2 weeks, and was effective and safe for Japanese patients. However, 20% of patients with SAT needed longer than 8 weeks to recover from the inflammation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23227861. </s>

<s>[INST] Is mitochondrial function involved in regulation of cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein ( apo ) A-I from murine RAW 264.7 macrophages? [/INST] yes, Acute loss of mitochondrial function, and in particular Δψm, reduces cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and dysregulates macrophage cholesterol homeostasis mechanisms. Bioavailable antioxidants, targeted to mitochondria and capable of sustaining effective mitochondrial function, may therefore prove effective in maintenance of arterial health. The source for this answer is PMID: 23227865. </s>

<s>[INST] Does clinical evaluation of pranoprofen combined with fluorometholone eye drop on postoperative reaction of corneal cross-linking? [/INST] yes, The combined use of fluorometholone and pranoprofen can significantly reduce inflammatory response, alleviate corneal irritation at early stage after CXL, effectively prevent and control the average of haze, and reduce the incidence of steroid-induced ocular hypertension after surgery．. The source for this answer is PMID: 23225837. </s>

<s>[INST] Does acetylsalicylic acid treatment until surgery reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting? [/INST] yes, Continued ASA treatment until the time of CABG reduced oxidative and inflammatory responses. Also, a likely beneficial effect upon myocardial injury was noticed. Although none of the genes known to be involved in oxidative stress or inflammation took a different expression in myocardial tissue, the genetic analysis showed interesting differences in the mRNA level. Further research in this field is necessary to understand the role of the genes. The source for this answer is PMID: 23209276. </s>

<s>[INST] Does smad7 gene transfer attenuate angiogenesis in peritoneal dialysis rats? [/INST] yes, Smad7 gene transfer via an ultrasound-microbubble-mediated system is able to attenuate peritoneal angiogenesis in a rat model of PD. Those results suggest that blockade of the TGF-β/Smad signalling pathway may represent a novel therapeutic approach to prevent PD-induced peritoneal angiogenesis. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217002. </s>

<s>[INST] Does early developmental exposure to volatile anesthetics cause behavioral defects in Caenorhabditis elegans? [/INST] yes, These data indicate that anesthetics affect neurobehavior in nematodes, extending the range of phyla in which early exposure to volatile anesthetics has been shown to cause functional neurological deficits. This implies that anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity occurs via an ancient underlying mechanism. C elegans is a tractable model organism with which to survey an entire genome for molecules that mediate the toxic effects of volatile anesthetics on the developing nervous system. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223110. </s>

<s>[INST] Is platelet derived growth factor-CC isoform associated with hemorrhagic transformation in ischemic stroke patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator? [/INST] yes, Increased PDGF-CC levels after tPA treatment is associated with HT. The source for this answer is PMID: 23218119. </s>

<s>[INST] Do cerebellar Purkinje cells exhibit increased expression of HMGB-1 and apoptosis in congenital hydrocephalic H-Tx rats? [/INST] yes, Our results suggest that cerebellar neuronal cell damage in the early postnatal period may be related to the higher expression of HMGB-1 in the Purkinje cells. The source for this answer is PMID: 23208066. </s>

<s>[INST] Do challenges in the peer review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses? [/INST] yes, The overwhelming majority of the referees do not verify, by their own independent analysis, key items related to methodology and statistical analysis of submitted systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The source for this answer is PMID: 23205871. </s>

<s>[INST] Does osteoarthritis synovial fluid activate pro-inflammatory cytokines in primary human chondrocytes? [/INST] yes, Significantly increased levels of various cytokines in synovial fluids of RA, and surprisingly of OA, patients were shown. Activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines of human chondrocytes by synovial fluids of OA patient supports a pro-inflammatory process in the pathogenesis of OA. The source for this answer is PMID: 23212731. </s>

<s>[INST] Is self-reported physical activity associated with β-cell function in Mexican American adults? [/INST] yes, An increasing level of PA is associated with a better glucose and insulin profile and enhanced β-cell function that is not explained by differences in BMI or percent body fat. Our results suggest that PA can be beneficial to β-cell function and glucose regulation independent of obesity. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223346. </s>

<s>[INST] Does directional selection on cold tolerance constrain plastic capacity in a butterfly? [/INST] no, Our results indicate that plastic capacities are not always constrained by directional selection (on cold tolerance) and therefore genetic changes in trait means, but may operate independently. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217138. </s>

<s>[INST] Does c-Src activation mediate erlotinib resistance in head and neck cancer by stimulating c-Met? [/INST] yes, Ligand-independent activation of c-Met contributes specifically to erlotinib resistance, not cetuximab resistance, in HNSCC with activated c-Src, where c-Met activation is more dependent on c-Src than on EGFR, providing an alternate survival pathway. Addition of a c-Met or c-Src inhibitor to erlotinib may increase efficacy of EGFR inhibition in patients with activated c-Src. The source for this answer is PMID: 23213056. </s>

<s>[INST] Does sLC1A5 mediate glutamine transport required for lung cancer cell growth and survival? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that SLC1A5 plays a key role in Gln transport controlling lung cancer cells' metabolism, growth, and survival. The source for this answer is PMID: 23213057. </s>

<s>[INST] Is smoking a risk factor for recurrence of intestinal stricture after endoscopic dilation in Crohn 's disease? [/INST] yes, Smoking doubles the risk of recurrent stricture formation requiring a new intervention after index dilation. Maintenance therapy with azathioprine did not influence the subsequent course and need for a new intervention. The source for this answer is PMID: 23205619. </s>

<s>[INST] Does double unit graft successfully extend the application of umbilical cord blood transplantation in adults with acute leukemia? [/INST] yes, Efficacy of transplanting adequately dosed 1- or 2-cord blood units. The source for this answer is PMID: 23223509. </s>

<s>[INST] Do red blood cell-derived microparticles isolated from blood units initiate and propagate thrombin generation? [/INST] yes, Taken together, our data show that RMPs have FXI-dependent procoagulant properties and are able to initiate and propagate TG. The anionic surface of RMPs might be the site of FXI-mediated TG amplification and intrinsic tenase and prothrombinase complex assembly. The source for this answer is PMID: 23228139. </s>

<s>[INST] Is fusion during entrainment of orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia enhanced for basal pacing sites but diminished when pacing near Purkinje system end points? [/INST] yes, These results suggest that basal VOP near the AP and far from the PS is optimal; this could be tested in patients. A denser basal ramification of PS fibers is known to exist in a minority of human hearts; our findings indicate that this unusual PS configuration is a plausible explanation for ORT cases where fusion is never observed in spite of entrainment by basal VOP near the AP. The source for this answer is PMID: 23207137. </s>

<s>[INST] Does sU11652 inhibit tyrosine kinase activity of FLT3 and growth of MV-4-11 cells? [/INST] yes, SU11652 is a potent FLT3 inhibitor which selectively targets FLT3-ITD-positive cells. It should serve as a good candidate for development of therapeutic drugs to treat AML. The source for this answer is PMID: 23216927. </s>

<s>[INST] Does bevacizumab impair hepatocyte proliferation after partial hepatectomy in a rabbit model? [/INST] yes, A single i.v. injection of bevacizumab impaired hepatocyte proliferation in a rabbit model of partial hepatectomy. The source for this answer is PMID: 23225416. </s>

<s>[INST] Do long-term evolution of the electrical stimulation levels for cochlear implant patients? [/INST] yes, We have studied the long-term evolution of the stimulation levels in cochlear implant patients. Our results show the importance of systematic measurements of the electrode impedances before the revision of the programming map. This report also highlights that the evolution of the programming maps is an important factor to be considered in order to determine an adequate calendar fitting of the cochlear implant processor. The source for this answer is PMID: 23205223. </s>

<s>[INST] Does loss of mesothelin expression by mesothelioma cells grown in vitro determine sensitivity to anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P? [/INST] yes, Most mesothelioma tumors loose mesothelin when grown in vitro and the sensitivity of these cells to SS1P is dependent on the number of mesothelin sites/cell. The source for this answer is PMID: 23225411. </s>

<s>[INST] Do mEK1 and MEK2 differentially regulate human insulin- and insulin glargine-induced human bladder cancer T24 cell proliferation? [/INST] yes, MEK1 inhibits while MEK2 contributes to normal and human insulin- and insulin glargine-induced human bladder cancer T24 cell proliferation. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217386. </s>

<s>[INST] Does microRNA-34a contribute to the protective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 against lipotoxicity in INS-1 cells? [/INST] yes, MicroRNA-34a is involved in the mechanism of GLP-1 on the modulation of beta-cell growth and survival. The source for this answer is PMID: 23217387. </s>