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_id stringlengths 1 5	task stringclasses 6 values	src stringlengths 22 884	tgt stringlengths 1 697
68801	clarity	Clarification: In the Coptic tradition, during the liturgy, the priest circumambulates while an acolyte (altar boy) holds a cross high on the opposite side of the altar.	In the Coptic tradition, during the liturgy, the priest circumambulates while an acolyte (altar boy) holds a cross high on the opposite side.
68802	clarity	Make this easier to read: The priest along with altar servers process around the circumambulate around the interior of the church visiting each of the 14 stations.	The priest along with altar servers process around the interior of the church visiting each of the 14 stations.
68803	clarity	Make the text more understandable: Pollen is transferred from anther of one plant to stigma of another as bee collects nectar Pollen tubes are unique to plants and their structures have evolved over the history of seed plants. Pollen tube formation is complex and the mechanism is not fully understood, but is of great interest to scientists. Pollen tube formation is important for sexual reproduction to occur in seed plants. Wind, water or pollinators transport pollen grains to the female gametophyte.	Pollen is transferred from anther of one plant to stigma of another as bee collects nectar Pollen tubes are unique to plants and their structures have evolved over the history of seed plants. Pollen tube formation is complex and the mechanism is not fully understood, but is of great interest to scientists because pollen tubes transport the male gametes produced by pollen grains to the female gametophyte.
68804	clarity	Make the text more understandable: Once a pollen grain has implanted on a compatible stigma via self-incompatibility mechanisms, the germination process is initiated.	Once a pollen grain has implanted on a compatible stigma, its germination is initiated.
68805	clarity	Change to clearer wording: During this process, the pollen grain undergoes a conformational change whereupon a given section begins to protrude outwards to form a tube-like structure, known as the pollen tube.	During this process, the pollen grain begins to bulge outwards to form a tube-like structure, known as the pollen tube.
68806	clarity	Write a better readable version of the sentence: This structure rapidly descends down the length of the style via tip-directed growth, reaching rates of 1cm/h, whilst carrying two non-motile sperm cells.	The pollen tube structure rapidly descends down the length of the style via tip-directed growth, reaching rates of 1cm/h, whilst carrying two non-motile sperm cells.
68807	clarity	Use clearer wording: The Sullubawa are a Fulani clan in Northern Nigeria, the current ruling houses of Kano, Ringim and Katsina belong to the clan and another amongst the four ruling Houses of Zazzau Emirate.	The Sullubawa are a Fulani clan in Northern Nigeria, the current ruling houses of the ancient Sahelian city-states of Kano and Katsina belong to the clan and another amongst the four ruling Houses of Zazzau Emirate.
68808	clarity	Make the text more understandable: The Sullubawa are a Fulani clan in Northern Nigeria, the current ruling houses of Kano, Ringim and Katsina belong to the clan and another amongst the four ruling Houses of Zazzau Emirate.	The Sullubawa are a Fulani clan in Northern Nigeria, the current ruling houses of Kano, Ringim and Katsina belong to the clan and another amongst the four ruling Houses of Zazzau.
68809	clarity	Make this easier to read: They are said to have originated from Futa Toro, in what is now Senegal, and are associated with the Torodbe (Toronkawa)	They are said to have originated from Futa Toro, in what is now Senegal, and are cousins with the Torodbe (Toronkawa)
68810	clarity	Write a better readable version of the sentence: , the Sullubawa originated from Sissilo the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio as such they are regarded as the cousins of Toronkawa, they initially belong to the Wangarawa stock, they had Mandigo element in their ancestry and they were related to the Mandika, mandika are the descendants of the Mali Empire, the Sullubawa spoke Wakore before they became absorbed into the Fulani group losing their original language and adopting the Fulani language.	from Sissilo, the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio as such they are regarded as the cousins of Toronkawa, they initially belong to the Wangarawa stock, they had Mandigo element in their ancestry and they were related to the Mandika, mandika are the descendants of the Mali Empire, the Sullubawa spoke Wakore before they became absorbed into the Fulani group losing their original language and adopting the Fulani language.
68811	clarity	Make this sentence more readable: , the Sullubawa originated from Sissilo the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio as such they are regarded as the cousins of Toronkawa, they initially belong to the Wangarawa stock, they had Mandigo element in their ancestry and they were related to the Mandika, mandika are the descendants of the Mali Empire, the Sullubawa spoke Wakore before they became absorbed into the Fulani group losing their original language and adopting the Fulani language.	, the Sullubawa originated from Sissilo the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio. The clan became culturally assimilated with the Fulani adopting the culture and language. The ancestral origin of the descendants of the Mali Empire, the Sullubawa spoke Wakore before they became absorbed into the Fulani group losing their original language and adopting the Fulani language.
68812	clarity	Write a clarified version of the sentence: , the Sullubawa originated from Sissilo the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio as such they are regarded as the cousins of Toronkawa, they initially belong to the Wangarawa stock, they had Mandigo element in their ancestry and they were related to the Mandika, mandika are the descendants of the Mali Empire, the Sullubawa spoke Wakore before they became absorbed into the Fulani group losing their original language and adopting the Fulani language.	, the Sullubawa originated from Sissilo the husband of Cippowo a sister of Uthman Toroddo ancestor of Usman dan Fodio as such they are regarded as the cousins of Toronkawa, they initially belong to the Wangarawa stock, they had Mandigo element in their ancestry and they were related to the Mandika, mandika are the descendants of the Mali Empire and the Wangarawa mercantile tribe which dominated the gold trade in the region.
68813	clarity	Make this sentence more readable: Sullubawa clansmen later attained positions of power following the fall of the first republic ;	Sullubawa clansmen later attained positions of power following independence ;
68814	clarity	Rewrite the sentence more clearly: Madrasas were built over the expanse of the kingdom, most notably the Mahmud Gawan Madrasa at Bidar, where Persian was taught.	Madrasas were built over the expanse of the kingdom, such as the the Mahmud Gawan Madrasa at Bidar, where Persian was taught.
68815	clarity	Make the sentence clear: Richard Eaton writes that Persian was much less widely understood in the region than vernacular languages. During the turn of the 16th century, the Bahmani Sultanate splintered into the Deccan Sultanates, which were also Persianate in culture.	Richard Eaton writes that Persian was much less widely understood in the Deccan region than vernacular languages. During the turn of the 16th century, the Bahmani Sultanate splintered into the Deccan Sultanates, which were also Persianate in culture.
68816	clarity	Make this easier to read: Though Arabic largely dominates the realm of Islamic liturgy and theology in the Indian subcontinent, Persian can also be seen in some religious spheres: the dhikr sessions of Sufism often employ Persian poetry in song, and the Sufi devotional music genre of qawwali also uses Persian in parallel with local languages.	Though Arabic largely dominates the realm of Islamic liturgy and theology in the Indian subcontinent, Persian can be seen in some religious spheres: the dhikr sessions of Sufism often employ Persian poetry in song, and the Sufi devotional music genre of qawwali also uses Persian in parallel with local languages.
68817	clarity	Clarification: However, Time magazine cited a "western intelligence source" as saying that Mossad was behind the blast, and other reports, which were attributed to western intelligence services, also mentioned the involvement of Israel's intelligence services.	However, Time magazine reported claims from a "western intelligence source" as saying that Mossad was behind the blast, and other reports, which were attributed to western intelligence services, also mentioned the involvement of Israel's intelligence services.
68818	clarity	Clarification: However, Time magazine cited a "western intelligence source" as saying that Mossad was behind the blast, and other reports, which were attributed to western intelligence services, also mentioned the involvement of Israel's intelligence services.	However, Time magazine cited a "western intelligence source" that Israeli intelligence agency Mossad had orchestrated the explosion; other reports, which were attributed to western intelligence services, also mentioned the involvement of Israel's intelligence services.
68819	clarity	Make the sentence clear: Speaking to The Guardian on condition of anonymity, an official with close links to the Iranian Government in Iran said that he believed the Bid Kaneh explosion was "part of the covert war against Iran, led by Israel".	An " official with close links to the Iranian Government in Iran said that he believed the Bid Kaneh explosion was "part of the covert war against Iran, led by Israel".
68820	clarity	Write a better readable version of the sentence: Speaking to The Guardian on condition of anonymity, an official with close links to the Iranian Government in Iran said that he believed the Bid Kaneh explosion was "part of the covert war against Iran, led by Israel".	Speaking to The Guardian on condition of anonymity, an official with close links to the Iranian Government " spoke to The Guardian anonymously and claimed that the blast was "part of the covert war against Iran, led by Israel".
68821	clarity	Clarify: Resolution In the wake of attacks against the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), the Security Council today extended its mandate for two years, until 31 August 2013, condemning all terrorist attacks against it in the strongest terms.	Resolution In the wake of attacks against the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), the Security Council extended its mandate for two years, until 31 August 2013, condemning all terrorist attacks against it in the strongest terms.
68822	clarity	Make the sentence clearer: Unanimously adopting resolution 2004 (2011), the 15-member body strongly called upon all parties concerned to respect the cessation of hostilities, prevent any violation of the Blue Line and cooperate fully with UNIFIL.	The resolution was unanimously adopted, and the Security Council urged all parties concerned to respect the cessation of hostilities, prevent any violation of the Blue Line and cooperate fully with UNIFIL.
68823	clarity	Rewrite this sentence clearly: It called for the rapid finalization of Lebanons investigation into the 27 May and 26 July attacks on the Force so as to bring the perpetrators to justice, and urged all parties to abide scrupulously by their obligation to respect the safety of UNIFIL and other United Nations personnel.	The resolution called for the rapid finalization of Lebanons investigation into the 27 May and 26 July attacks on the Force so as to bring the perpetrators to justice, and urged all parties to abide scrupulously by their obligation to respect the safety of UNIFIL and other United Nations personnel.
68824	clarity	Make this sentence better readable: As promised, the Sultan of Sulu received eastern Sabah as an honorary gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war (an event which traced the roots of the North Borneo dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines in the present-day).	As promised, the Sultan of Sulu claimed eastern Sabah as an honorary gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war (an event which traced the roots of the North Borneo dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines in the present-day).
68825	clarity	Change to clearer wording: As promised, the Sultan of Sulu received eastern Sabah as an honorary gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war (an event which traced the roots of the North Borneo dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines in the present-day).	As promised, the Sultan of Sulu received eastern Sabah as a gift from the Sultan of Brunei, for the Tausugs' help during the civil war (an event which traced the roots of the North Borneo dispute between Malaysia and the Philippines in the present-day).
68826	clarity	Make the sentence clearer: A pilot study, pilot project, pilot test, or pilot experiment is a small scale preliminary study conducted in order to evaluate feasibility, duration, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.	A pilot study, pilot project, pilot test, or pilot experiment is a small scale preliminary study conducted to evaluate feasibility, duration, cost, adverse events, and improve upon the study design prior to performance of a full-scale research project.
68827	clarity	Rewrite this sentence for clarity: A pilot study is often used to test the design of the full-scale experiment which then can be adjusted.	A pilot study is used to formulate the design of the full-scale experiment which then can be adjusted.
68828	clarity	Clarify this text: Other applications In the health researchcontext, studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as pilot and feasibility studies, where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies.	Applications In the health researchcontext, studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as pilot and feasibility studies, where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies.
68829	clarity	Change to clearer wording: Other applications In the health researchcontext, studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as pilot and feasibility studies, where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies.	Other applications In clinical research, studies conducted in preparation for a future randomized controlled trial are known as pilot and feasibility studies, where pilot studies are a subset of feasibility studies.
68830	clarity	Clarification: A feasibility study asks whether something can be done, should we proceedwith it, and if so, how.	A feasibility study asks whether the study should proceed, and if so, how.
68831	clarity	Clarify the sentence: A pilot study asks the same questions, but also has a specific design feature: in a pilot study, a future study or part of a future study is conducted on a smaller scale. Sandra M Eldridge, Gillian A Lancaster, Michael J Campbell, Lehana Thabane, Sally Hopewell, Claire L Coleman, Christine M Bond.	A pilot study asks the same questions, but also has a specific design feature: in a pilot study, a future study is conducted on a smaller scale. Sandra M Eldridge, Gillian A Lancaster, Michael J Campbell, Lehana Thabane, Sally Hopewell, Claire L Coleman, Christine M Bond.
68832	clarity	Clarify: in addition to his native language of Hindko language and the Arabiclanguage from his graduate study, He was also fluent in English, Urdu, Pashto and Greek, and could read and understand Persian.	in addition to his native language of Hindko and Arabic, he was also fluent in English, Urdu, Pashto and Greek, and could read and understand Persian.
68833	clarity	Make this easier to read: 170px\|Textile doll (cotton, wool, wood) The Chancay were a pre-Columbian archeological civilization which developed between the valleys of Fortaleza, Pativilca, Supe, Huaura, Chancay, Chilln, Rimac and Lurn, on the central coast of Peru, from about CE 1000 to 1470.	170px\|Textile doll (cotton, wool, wood) The Chancay were a pre-Columbian archeological civilization which developed between the valleys of Fortaleza, Pativilca, Supe, Huaura, Chancay, Chilln, Rimac and Lurn, on the central coast of Peru, from about CE 1000 to 1470 CE.
68834	clarity	Make this sentence better readable: Parts of the southern Chancay area were conquered by the Chim in the early fifteenth century and in about 1450 A.D. the Incas were occupying both areas.	Parts of the southern Chancay area were conquered by the Chim in the early 1400s, and by about 1450 A.D. the Incas were occupying both areas.
68835	clarity	Rewrite this sentence for readability: It is believed that the Chancay had a centralized political structure, forming a small regional state.	It is believed that the Chancay had a centralized political structure and formed a small regional state.
68836	clarity	Change to clearer wording: Thus the Chancay culture declined in the fifteenth centuryto make way for the territorial expansion of the Inca Empire.	Thus the Chancay culture declined in the later 15th century, as the Inca Empire expanded into their lands.
68837	clarity	Clarify: It is adaptable to the type of land or soil at the location, and it provided a rotation between pasture and arable land which "not only produced the same amount of grain on a much reduced area, but broke the agrarian cycle of diminished returns by allowing more sheep and cattle to be kept, animals whose dung maintained" fertility.	According to one author, the rotation it provided between pasture and arable land which "not only produced the same amount of grain on a much reduced area, but broke the agrarian cycle of diminished returns by allowing more sheep and cattle to be kept, animals whose dung maintained" fertility.
68838	clarity	Change to clearer wording: 19881993: Beginnings Aniston first worked in Off-Broadway productions such as For Dear Life and Dancing on Checker's Grave, and supported herself with part-time jobs which included working as a telemarketer, waitress, and bike messenger.	19881993: Beginnings Aniston first worked in Off-Broadway productions such as For Dear Life and Dancing on Checker's Grave, and supported herself with part-time jobs including work as a telemarketer, waitress, and bike messenger.
68839	clarity	Write a readable version of the sentence: Aniston also appeared in two more failed television comedy series, The Edge and Muddling Through, and guest-starred in Quantum Leap, Herman's Head, and Burke's Law. 19942004: Friends and worldwide recognition Depressed over her four unsuccessful television shows, Aniston approached Warren Littlefield at a Los Angeles gas station asking for reassurance.	Aniston also appeared in the two failed television comedy series, The Edge and Muddling Through, and guest-starred in Quantum Leap, Herman's Head, and Burke's Law. 19942004: Friends and worldwide recognition Depressed over her four unsuccessful television shows, Aniston approached Warren Littlefield at a Los Angeles gas station asking for reassurance.
68840	clarity	Write a readable version of the sentence: The head of NBC entertainment encouraged her to continue acting, and a few months later helped cast her in Friends, a sitcom that was set to debut on NBC's 19941995 fall lineup.	The head of NBC entertainment encouraged her to continue acting, and a few months later helped cast her in Friends, a sitcom set to debut on NBC's 19941995 fall lineup.