齒股蠅屬

Description

幼體e of this genus are often 多態性 (生物學) obligate 肉食動物s. The second and third instars are predators, and the first is also carnivorous in some species. Some species have 同類相食 final instars. The smallest larvae are under 6 mm and the largest are up to 16 mm. The abdomen has ventral welts and large 氣門s with Sinuosity slits.
Adults commonly feed on the 血液 of 哺乳動物s. They are able to reopen wounds that are almost completely healed. Mouthpart 形態學 (生物學) in the genus ranges from sponging mouthparts to mouths with rasping teeth. Many species have enlarged prestomal teeth. The metathorax spiracle is covered in long, thick setae. The average male Hydrotaea is 6.5-8.5 mm and the average female is 5.75-7.5 mm. They are very light brown to bluish black with large, red eyes and plumose 觸角.

分布及棲息地

本屬物種大多數分布在北半球古北界的歐洲、亞洲和北美洲比較和暖的地區，在非洲南部、南美洲和澳洲區亦有少數種分布。這些齒股蠅通常都在市區環境棲息，會被發酵了的東西吸引，常見於植物、糞便及分解中的腐肉，主要是死去超過十日的屍體。

已隱藏部分未翻譯部分，歡迎參與翻譯。

Life cycle

The 生物生命週期 of Hydrotaea rostrata has been studied in the field of 法醫昆蟲學. Mature flies seek out decay, preferably in material that has been dead for an extended amount of time. Masses of 蛆s, which are often characteristic of other species of flies, are not typical of H. rostrata. The larvae of this species progress through three stages, or instars, which are then followed by the formation of a 蛹. The adult fly emerges from the pupa. The developmental process from egg to adult takes between 518.4 and 1555.6 hours, according to one study in Australia. Development is more rapid in warmer temperatures of 19～30 °C（66～86 °F）. In cooler temperatures of 12～18 °C（54～64 °F）, development may take up to 64.5 days.
The larvae of another species, the black dump fly (H. aenescens), inhabit fecal material and consume other larvae, including those of 家蠅, the housefly. The black dump fly is commercially available for use in housefly control. It is also useful in forensics, as it may inhabit 屍體.
Some larvae are able to seek shelter underground in cold conditions.

Associated pathogens

Research has incriminated Hydrotaea irritans as a vector of summer mastitis, a 牛亞科 infection that can be caused by multiple suspected 細菌. The research allowed flies inoculated with select bacteria from a sample representing summer mastitis to come in contact with the udders of 家牛. The bacteria appeared in some of the cows and on the bodies of just over a third of the doctored flies. The evidence indicates that H. irritans transmits the bacterial species 金黃色葡萄球菌, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Peptostreptococcus indolicus, and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
H. irritans attacks many other warm-blooded animals, including humans.
H. aenescens also carries bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.

司法科學的重要性

本屬物種在世界各地司法科學個案方面有其重要性，因為這些物種的存在及數量顯示了屍體現象（post-mortem interval，PMI）發生的時間。這些物種會在屍體開始分解作用之後四至五個月棲息於屍體之內。牠們顯示了屍體未有被火化，而且在較早期被麗蠅所棲息的期間已完結。 Hydrotaea larvae may feed on each other and on other flies, such as blow-flies.
Hydrotaea can be used to identify 藥物s and to determining whether a body was relocated. Hydrotaea spinigera can make up 70% of the muscid fly population on a corpse in forested habitat. Hydrotaea rostrata may arrive at a decomposing body on the second day of decay, and may stay up to 34 days or until the body is 骨骼系統ized.