尼泊尔最高法院

组成

最高法院由首席法官，20位法官。首席法官由宪法议会推荐，尼泊尔总统任命。获得推荐的大法官需要再最高法院至少担任三年法官。最高法院的法官也是由宪法会议推荐，由尼泊尔总统任命。大法官和法官的任命同时需要经过国会的听证会认可。

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The administrative head of the Supreme Court is the Chief Registrar. In addition to the Chief Registrar, one Registrar and four Joint-Registrar are appointed to led different departments of the Supreme Court and offer administrative assistance to the Court. Officers of the Supreme Court are appointed by Government of Nepal under the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission.
Justices of the Supreme Court are appointed from among the judges who have worked for seven years as judges of the High Courts, or Gazetted first class officer of Judicial Service for minimum 12 years or have worked as any Senior Advocate or Advocate with minimum practicing experience of fifteen years, or a distinguished 法学家 who has worked for minimum 15 years in the judicial or legal field.
Justices of the Supreme Court hold their office till the age of sixty-five. They may be removed through an Impeachment (motion) passed by a two third majority of the House of Representatives on the ground of incompetence or bad moral conduct or dishonesty. The Chief Justice and the Justices may resign from office at any time by submitting resignation to the President.
The 最高法院 was formed on 2013 BS(1956 AD). The first Chief Justice of Nepal was Hari Prasad Pradhan.

权力与职能

The Supreme Court has both 司法机构 and extra judicial powers. The judicial powers include the power of hearing the writ petitions, the power of hearing 上诉, the power of reviewing its own 决断s, the power to revise the 决断s delivered by the Court of Appeal and the power to try certain cases (as specified by law). The Supreme Court also has power of making 程序法, administration of all the Court of Appeal and all the District Courts, formulating policies and programs regarding judicial administration, managerial reforms in various courts, the publication and dissemination of the Supreme Court decisions.

司法权力

The Supreme Court has judicial powers as follows.

Power to decide constitutionality of the law

Article 133(1) of the 宪法 confers power upon the Supreme Court to declare void either ab initio or from the date of its decision any statutory provision on the ground of inconsistency with the 宪法 or unreasonable restriction on the enjoyments of the 基本权s of the 公民

Power to try Certain Cases

In accordance with Article 133 (4) of the 宪法 and section 7 of the Supreme Court Act, the Supreme Court could try certain cases. Exceptionally this power is limited to hear the cases relating to contempt of the Supreme Court and its subordinate courts. Article 102(3) and s.7(1) of the Supreme Court Act 1991 has provided that the authority to 刑罚 wrongdoers with an amount of up to NRs. 10,000 or imprisonment of maximum period of one year or both if the court finds an accused is in contempt.

Benches

The judicial power of the Supreme Court is used through the composition of the various types of Benches. They are called as Single Bench, Division Bench, Full Bench and Special Bench. Jurisdictions of the different benches are as follows.

Special Bench

The Special Bench is composed of three or more 正义s.

Full Bench

The Full Bench is composed of three or more 正义s. The 司法管辖权 of the full bench is to render the final decision upon the cases which have not unanimity in the decision of the division bench or the cases which is referred to the full bench because of presence of serious issue of interpretation of 法律 or legal principles by division bench or by the Chief Justice. The chief justice may refer any cases to the full bench if he thinks the case is fit to be heard by the full bench.

Division Bench

The Bench composed by two 正义s is called division bench. Most of the cases run through this bench. The 司法管辖权 of this bench is to hear the appeal filed after the decision of the Court of Appeal, to hear the writ petition registered under the Article 133(2) of the Constitution, to make review of its own 决断s and to make revision of the decision of the court of Appeal as specified by the 法律.

Single Bench

Single Bench is formed of a single 正义. Prima facie hearing of the writ petition, petition filed against the interim and interlocutory order of the inferior 法院, petition against the order of the Registrar concerning procedure of the cases and any other application which does not falls under the 司法管辖权 of the special, full or division bench falls under the 司法管辖权 of the single bench.

其他司法权Extra Judicial Powers

The extra judicial powers of the Supreme Court are as follows.

Power of Making Rules

The Supreme Court has the power to make rules on the procedural, managerial and administrative functions of the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal and the District Courts. Section 11 of the Supreme Court Act, 1991 has authorized the Supreme Court to make 程序法 relating to the Supreme Court, while section 31 of the Administration of Justice Act has empowered it to make rules relating to the Court of Appeal and the District Courts. Under the said statutory authority the Supreme Court has issued the Supreme Court Rules and Court of Appeal Rules in 1991 and the District Court Rules in 1995. Rule making power is exercised by the Full Court of the Supreme Court.

Power to Formulate Judicial Policies

Full Court is the principal policy making body of the Indian 司法机构 which consist of all the 正义s of the Supreme Court. On many occasions the Supreme Court has formulated policies and developed plans and programmes towards judicial reforms and court management system. Besides, the Chief Justice and the Registrar have also key role in formulating judicial policies.

Strategic Plan of the Nepalese Judiciary

Nepalese Judiciary has second five year's strategic plan (2009-2013). This strategic plan was adopted by the full court of the Supreme Court. The Strategic Plan has defined the Vision, Mission, Values and Core Functions of the Nepalese Judiciary, which are as follows.
Vision :
To establish a system of justice which is independent, competent, inexpensive, speedy, and easily accessible to the public and worthy of public trust and thereby to transform the concept of the rule of law and human rights into a living reality and thus ensure justice to all.
Mission :
To impart fair and impartial justice in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution, the laws and the recognized principles of justice.
Values :
Allegiance to the Constitution, Independence and Autonomy, Duty towards Society, Accessibility of Justice, Competent Justice, High ethical standard, Representation and Inclusiveness and Ownership.
Core Functions :
Adjudication,Execution of Judgment and Supervision and Monitoring
The Plan has projected twelve area of strategic intervention which are as follows:
1: To reform case management process so as to make adjudication process effective.
2: To make execution of judgment simple, speedy and effective.
3: To develop human resources. 
4: To develop infrastructure of court and manage logistics.
5: To institutionalize the application of information and media technology. 
6: To strengthen inspection and supervision system.
7: Reform in security management.
8: To preserve the values of judicial independence, accountability and autonomy.
9: To institutionalize research regarding adjudication, justice system and judicial reform.
10: To strengthen and institutionalize relation with stakeholders of the justice sector. 
11: Increase access to justice and increase public trust. 
12: To strengthen institutional capacity of courts and tribunals.