齒股蠅屬

Description

幼体e of this genus are often 多态性(生物学) obligate 肉食动物s. The second and third instars are predators, and the first is also carnivorous in some species. Some species have 同类相食 final instars. The smallest larvae are under 6 mm and the largest are up to 16 mm. The abdomen has ventral welts and large 气门s with Sinuosity slits.
Adults commonly feed on the 血液 of 哺乳动物s. They are able to reopen wounds that are almost completely healed. Mouthpart 形态学(生物学) in the genus ranges from sponging mouthparts to mouths with rasping teeth. Many species have enlarged prestomal teeth. The metathorax spiracle is covered in long, thick setae. The average male Hydrotaea is 6.5-8.5 mm and the average female is 5.75-7.5 mm. They are very light brown to bluish black with large, red eyes and plumose 触角.

分布及栖息地

本属物种大多数分布在北半球古北界的欧洲、亚洲和北美洲比较和暖的地区，在非洲南部、南美洲和澳洲区亦有少数种分布。这些齿股蝇通常都在市区环境栖息，会被发酵了的东西吸引，常见于植物、粪便及分解中的腐肉，主要是死去超过十日的尸体。

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Life cycle

The 生物生命周期 of Hydrotaea rostrata has been studied in the field of 法医昆虫学. Mature flies seek out decay, preferably in material that has been dead for an extended amount of time. Masses of 蛆s, which are often characteristic of other species of flies, are not typical of H. rostrata. The larvae of this species progress through three stages, or instars, which are then followed by the formation of a 蛹. The adult fly emerges from the pupa. The developmental process from egg to adult takes between 518.4 and 1555.6 hours, according to one study in Australia. Development is more rapid in warmer temperatures of 19～30 °C（66～86 °F）. In cooler temperatures of 12～18 °C（54～64 °F）, development may take up to 64.5 days.
The larvae of another species, the black dump fly (H. aenescens), inhabit fecal material and consume other larvae, including those of 家蝇, the housefly. The black dump fly is commercially available for use in housefly control. It is also useful in forensics, as it may inhabit 尸体.
Some larvae are able to seek shelter underground in cold conditions.

Associated pathogens

Research has incriminated Hydrotaea irritans as a vector of summer mastitis, a 牛亚科 infection that can be caused by multiple suspected 细菌. The research allowed flies inoculated with select bacteria from a sample representing summer mastitis to come in contact with the udders of 家牛. The bacteria appeared in some of the cows and on the bodies of just over a third of the doctored flies. The evidence indicates that H. irritans transmits the bacterial species 金黄色葡萄球菌, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Arcanobacterium pyogenes, Peptostreptococcus indolicus, and Fusobacterium necrophorum.
H. irritans attacks many other warm-blooded animals, including humans.
H. aenescens also carries bacteria, particularly Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica.

司法科学的重要性

本属物种在世界各地司法科学个案方面有其重要性，因为这些物种的存在及数量显示了尸体现象（post-mortem interval，PMI）发生的时间。这些物种会在尸体开始分解作用之后四至五个月栖息于尸体之内。它们显示了尸体未有被火化，而且在较早期被丽蝇所栖息的期间已完结。 Hydrotaea larvae may feed on each other and on other flies, such as blow-flies.
Hydrotaea can be used to identify 药物s and to determining whether a body was relocated. Hydrotaea spinigera can make up 70% of the muscid fly population on a corpse in forested habitat. Hydrotaea rostrata may arrive at a decomposing body on the second day of decay, and may stay up to 34 days or until the body is 骨骼系统ized.