Islam dan keganasan

Stereotaip Barat

English to Malay translation
Sutton dan Vertigans menggambarkan pandangan Barat terhadap Islam sebagai berdasarkan stereotaip itu sebagai agama agama kekerasan, menggambarkan sebagai 'agama Islam
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'. Mereka mencirikan citra Islam di dunia Barat sebagai "didominasi oleh konflik, pencerobohan, 'fundamentalisme', dan keganasan keganasan berskala global."
Juan Eduardo Campo menulis bahawa, "Eropah (mempunyai) Islam dilihat dalam pelbagai cara: kadang-kadang sebagai agama mundur, kekerasan, kadang-kadang sebagai fantasi Arabian Nights, dan kadang-kadang sebagai produk yang kompleks dan perubahan sejarah dan kehidupan sosial." Robert Gleave menulis bahawa, "di tengah-tengah konsep popular Islam sebagai agama kekerasan hukuman yang dilakukan oleh rejim berharap untuk meningkatkan baik kepercayaan domestik dan antarabangsa mereka Islam.
Jawaid Quddus menegaskan bahawa "Kutipan dari Al-Quran, dikutip di luar konteks sejarah, yang digunakan untuk membuktikan anggapan bahawa Islam adalah oleh alam dan desain sebuah agama kekerasan."
Serangan 9/11 di Amerika Syarikat dan serangan baru yang lain oleh orang-orang yang seharusnya mengikuti iman Islam, telah menyebabkan banyak bukan-Muslim untuk menuntut Islam sebagai agama kekerasan. Menurut Corrigan dan Hudson, "beberapa pemimpin Kristian konservatif (mempunyai) mengeluh bahawa Islam (adalah) tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka diyakini Amerika yang Kristian." Contoh pemimpin Kristian yang menyatakan sentimen tersebut termasuk Franklin Graham dan Pat Robertson. According to a survey conducted by a research group affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention, two out of three Protestant pastors believe Islam is a "dangerous" religion.

Pandangan Islam pada keganasan

Sebagai respons terhadap kos, apologis Muslim seperti Ram Puniyani menegaskan bahawa, "Islam tidak membenarkan kekerasan tapi seperti agama-agama lain tidak percaya diri."
Mark Juergensmeyer menggambarkan ajaran Islam sebagai ambigu tentang kekerasan. Dia menegaskan bahawa, seperti semua agama, Islam kadang-kadang membolehkan untuk tenaga sementara menekankan bahawa tujuan rohani utama adalah salah satu tanpa kekerasan dan keamanan. Hood, Hill dan Spika menulis bahawa "walaupun itu akan menjadi suatu kesalahan untuk berfikir bahawa Islam sebagai agama agama kekerasan, itu akan sama-sama tidak pantas untuk gagal untuk memahami keadaan di mana orang percaya mungkin merasa benar dalam melakukan tindakan kekerasan terhadap orang-orang yang tradisi mereka merasa harus menentang."
Demikian pula, Chandra Muzaffar menegaskan bahawa, "(t) ia eksposisi Quran pada melawan pencerobohan, penindasan dan ketidakadilan meletakkan parameter di mana perang atau penggunaan kekerasan yang sah. Adakah ini bermakna bahawa seseorang boleh menggunakan Quran sebagai kriteria untuk apabila kekerasan yang sah dan jika tidak."

Sumber Islam

Islam adalah satu agama yang suci di cipta dan jadikan dengan sempurna oleh Allah s.w.t yang Maha Kuasa ke atas segala - galanya di seluruh alam. Apabila Muslimin dan Muslimah di lahirkan dan di jadikan agama Islam ke atasnya, Maka ianya di kehendaki menunaikan kehendak Allah s.w.t yang telah di tetapkan dengan nyata di dalam Al_Qur'an. Allah s.w.t yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Penyayang telah memberi petunjuk ke jalan yang lurus ke atas sekelian Muslimin dan Muslimah yang beragama Islam untuk di amalkan sesuatu perkara yang di kehendaki Allah s.w.t Maha Adil menghitung amalan ke atas segala - galanya pada perbuatan yang telah di lakukan.

Al-Qur'an

ajaran Al-Quran tentang masalah perang dan keamanan telah menjadi topik perbincangan hangat dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Di satu sisi, beberapa pengkritik mendakwa bahawa ayat-ayat tertentu dari Al-Quran hukuman tindakan ketenteraan terhadap orang-orang kafir secara keseluruhan baik selama masa hidup Muhammad dan selepas. Al-Quran mengatakan "Dan perangilah di nama agama anda dengan mereka yang memerangi kamu." On the other hand, other scholars argue that such verses of the Qur’an are interpreted out of context, dan berpendapat bahawa ketika ayat-ayat tersebut dibaca dalam konteks nampak jelas bahawa Al-Quran melarang pencerobohan, and allows fighting only in self defense.

Jihad

Jihad, sebuah istilah Islam , merupakan sebuah kewajiban agama dari Muslim. Dalam Bahasa Arab, kata jihad diterjemahkan sebagai kata benda yang bererti "perjuangan". Jihad muncul 41 kali dalam Al dan sering dalam ekspresi idiomatic "berjuang di jalan Allah (al-jihad fi sabil Allah )". A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid; the plural is mujahideen. Jihad is an important religious duty for Muslims. A minority among the Sunni scholars sometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of Islam, though it occupies no such official status. In Twelver Shi'a Islam, however, Jihad is one of the 10 Practices of the Religion.

Keganasan rumah tangga

Hubungan antara Islam dan keganasan rumah tangga masih diperdebatkan. Idea-idea yang samar dibenarkan dengan merujuk pada Al-Quran, dalam satu Surah, An-Nisa, 34, yang membahas bentuk pemukulan dalam keadaan tertentu. Beberapa ulama yang membolehkan "memukul" stres bahawa itu adalah pilihan terakhir, discountenanced, dan harus dilakukan enteng begitu banyak sehingga tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit atau kecederaan.

Ayatollah

"Perhaps the most resounding call to jihad in modern times occurred on January 21, 1979," suggest authors, as the Ayatollah Khomeini announced a Jihad against the U.S. "The people have absolute confidence in their victory in this holy war (jihad-e moqaddas)," said the Islamic icon.
Ayatollah Khomeini's "Radical Islamic Revolution executed and killed hundreds of thousands of people in the name of Radical Islam."
Iran, under the Ayatollah Khomeini, categorized the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq war as a 'Holy war'. "Khomeini's call to jihad incited thousands of Iranian teenagers to volunteer for martyrdom missions." The Basiji movement 'created' child and adult sacrifice as "holy soldiers," Blessed by Iranian mullahs' regime.
Ideologi Basiji menikmati kebangkitan Iran di bawah Presiden Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. who's a member, and the movement with a nominal strength of 12.6 million, has been present in schools since it was first created in 1979 by the Ayatollah. Basijis digunakan dalam penyelesaian pada tahun 1999, pada tahun 2003 and in the brutality of 2009 on protesters in Iran.
The group demands in training intense Quran studies, it calls for “Basij Ethics and Etiquette” and “Major Islamic Commandments.” The Basijis have been known to act in defending a strict Islamic conduct." and enforcing Sharia law. sering "penggabungan" dengan lelaki Ansar-e Hizbullah dalam menegakkan undang-undang Syariah. Dalam satu contoh, HAM aktivis menuduh bahawa Basiji militia Islam telah diperkosa dan murderd 26 tahun Elnaz Babazadeh untuk mengenakan pakaian yang tidak tepat.
Pada 19hb Ogos 1979 Ayatollah mengumumkan jihad melawan Kurdi di Iran. "Setelah jihad dinyatakan, semua lelaki lebih dari 15 harus bergabung memerangi, hotel musuh terbuka untuk rampasan."
"Ayatollah Khomeini dimainkan di nada mesianis keyakinan ini selama revolusi Iran." Ideologi "Dua Belas" dalam Syiah Islam (pulangan 12 Imam - keyakinan) itu dipanggil oleh banyak orang yang percaya bahawa Ayatollah akan "kembali" seperti mereka Mahdi (Islam Mesias). Presiden Iran Mahmoud Ahmadinejad refocuses ini mengembalikan kepercayaan Mahdi oleh kenyataan awam dan tindakan simbolik pelbagai Syiah Iraq al-Sadr tentera disebut tentera Mahdi.

Mujahedin

Pada tahun 1979 Afghanistan, pemberontak Muslim tempatan mula memerangi Soviet tentera, menyebut diri mereka 'mujahidin( pejuang suci), mereka menggunakan perang gerila.
Penulis buku perang Kudus Wilhelm Dietl direkodkan bagaimana satu Mujahed pejuang menyuruhnya menuju sebuah serangan bersenjata di Herat: "Kami senang untuk membunuh orang Rusia dan untuk dibunuh."

Taliban

Beberapa Taliban - Afghanistan "pejuang suci," telah berjuang melawan Soviet pada 1980-an. Mereka pertempuran untuk menaklukkan negeri. Many Madrassas (Islamic schools) endorse Jihad in Pakistan and in Afghanistan.
Pada 1980-an,' jihad Afghanistan telah dibiayai oleh orang Saudi.

Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein amaran perang, jihad suci melawan Amerika Syarikat pada tahun 1991. Pada tahun 2003, selepas Mac 20 US, Inggeris memimpin invasi ke Iraq, Saddam Hussein menyeru perang suci melawan "sebuah pencerobohan di tanah Islam." (memanggil tema Al-Quran: "Perangilah mereka di mana-mana ...") Tkenyataan dia menuduh pasukan koalisi melancarkan perang terhadap Islam. Nya maklumat Menteri menutup: "Oleh kerana itu, jihad adalah sebuah tugas dalam menghadapi mereka ... Mereka yang mati syahid akan dihargai di syurga Manfaatkan kesempatan, saudara-saudaraku .."

Laskar Jihad

Pertubuhan tentera Laskar Jihad disebut "untuk melancarkan perang jihad atau suci" ke Indonesia 's Maluku pulau n, dan melakukan serangan anti-Kristian di Sulawesi, kumpulan yang sama terlibat dalam keganasan pada tahun 1999 terhadap orang Kristian dan Cina in East Timor. It has been categorized as "Indonesia's Dirty Little Holy War Holy Terror.

Hezbollah

Hezbollah's spiritual guidance, Sheik Muhammed Hussein Fadlallah, who witnessing journalist says was behind the hostage crisis in Lebanon in the 1980s, said: "We see ourselves as mujihadeen who fight a Holy War." Justifying bombings, kidnapping, murder.
However British journalist Robert Fisk disputes these claims about Fadlallh:
The Americans put it about that he had blessed the suicide bomber who struck the US marine base in Beirut in 1983, killing 241 service personnel. Fadlallah always denied this to me and I believe him. Suicide bombers, however insane we regard them, don't need to be blessed; they think they are doing God's duty without any help from a marja like Fadlallah.

Omar al-Bashir

"In the present conflict in Darfur, jihad is usually interpreted as holy war by the government in Khartoum." The Sudanese National Islamic Front declared in 1992 a jihad, or holy war, against all in the Nuba Mountains who supported the SPLA." 
Sudan's leader Omar Al-Bashir, in 1997 "declared a jihad (holy war) against" Ethiopia. Accused of genocide he threatened in 2007 "to mount a jihad against United Nations peacekeepers."

Ahli Wahabbi

Para Ahli Whabbi mempunyai sejarah panjang fundamentalisme dan jihad, menyatakan perang suci pada orang lain, untuk memaksa mereka menjadi versi dimurnikan mereka menerima Islam
Pada tahun 2010, sebuah 'kekenyangan fatwa mendorong raja Saudi untuk memaksakan tepi jalan,' penganalisis Saudi politik menjelaskan: "Jika anda menyokong jihad, itu bererti anda cari perang dengan seluruh dunia."
Beberapa gerakan Islam militan Saudi Wahabi mengutip ulama untuk membenarkan keganasan. 
Grand Mufti Saudi Ibn Baz menolak keganasan. Dia menyatakan:
Dari apa yang diketahui setiap orang yang mempunyai sedikit sahaja akal sihat adalah bahawa pesawat-pesawat rampasan dan penculikan kanak-kanak dan sejenisnya adalah jenayah sangat besar, di seluruh dunia. kesan jahat mereka jauh dan luas, seperti kerugian besar dan menyebabkan ketidakselesaan yang tidak bersalah, kesan total yang tidak dapat memahami kecuali Allah.

Terrorism

Islamic terrorism is terrorism committed by Muslims, and aimed at achieving varying political ends and the advancement of Islamist goals; for example, Osama bin Laden's stated goal of ending American military presence in the Middle East and the Arabian Peninsula, overthrowing Arab regimes he considers corrupt and insufficiently religious, and stopping American support for Israel. Bombing in London 7/7 are said to be in retaliation for UK's support in the war in Iraq that began in 2003, though it can't be linked as a motive for Islamic terror plots on London, December, 2001. The Islamic terrorism attack in Madrid were "explained" as "inspired by al-Qaeda's call to punish Spain's government for supporting the Iraq war," another motive was given that Spain holds a strong appeal to Islamic militants because the southern region of Andalucia was under Muslim control for almost 800 years, and "Al-Qaeda has called on jihadists to reconquer Spain as part of a broader Muslim caliphate, or kingdom under Islamic rule."
At the 2008 Mumbai attacks, the Islamic terrorists were told by their handlers in Pakistan "that the lives of Jews were worth 50 times those of non-Jews."
The Qur'an: (8:12): "...cast terror in their hearts and strike upon their necks." The commanded to terrorize the disbelievers have been cited in motivation of Jihadi terror.
A Jihadi cleric:
"Another aim and objective of jihad is to drive terror in the hearts of the [infidels]. To terrorize them. Did you know that we were commanded in the Qur'an with terrorism? ...Allah said, and prepare for them to the best of your ability with power, and with horses of war. To drive terror in the hearts of my enemies, Allah's enemies, and your enemies. And other enemies which you don't know, only Allah knows them... So we were commanded to drive terror into the hearts of the [infidels], to prepare for them with the best of our abilities with power. Then the Prophet said, nay, the power is your ability to shoot. The power which you are commanded with here, is your ability to shoot. Another aim and objective of jihad is to kill the [infidels], to lessen the population of the [infidels]... it is not right for a Prophet to have captives until he makes the Earth warm with blood... so, you should always seek to lessen the population of the [infidels]."
Observers have also argued that the attacks are aimed at propagating Islamic culture, society and values in opposition to perceived political, imperialistic, and/or cultural influences of non-Muslims, and the Western world in particular.
There are also historical dimensions to the phenomenon, and the history of Western influence and control after the fall of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, is a common stated reason used within some terrorist groups to justify and explain its use of violence as resistive and retributive against western influences.

World domination

The strive to an 'Islamic Caliphate.' Caliph is translated from the Arabic Khalifa (خليفة ẖalīfä) meaning "successor", "substitute", or "lieutenant". It is used in the Qur'an to establish Adam's role as representative of Allah on earth. Kalifa is also used to describe the belief that man's role, in his real nature, is as khalifa or viceroy to Allah. The word is also most commonly used for the Islamic leader of the Ummah; starting with Muhammad and his line of successors.
ndeed domination's Jihadists' ultimate goal. Al-Qaeda revealed its grand plan towards an Islamic caliphate, - global domination. Abu Musab al-Zarqawi's Al-Qaeda in Iraq, has released a statement in which it explains the reasons for its terror campaign:
"We are not fighting to chase out the occupier or to save national unity and keep the borders outlined by the infidels intact," [...] "We are fighting because it is a religious duty to do it, just as it is a duty to take the Sharia [Islamic law] to the government and create an Islamic state."
"Al-Qaeda has called on jihadists to reconquer Spain as part of a broader Muslim caliphate, or kingdom under Islamic rule." Explaining why even Hamas has an eye on Spain. In the early 1990s, the GIA Algerian Armed Islamist Group, which is "well known for its radical positions and the barbaric violence of its operations, announced the restoration of the caliphate and the appointment of a caliph." With Palestinian Islamic party Hamas victory in the 2007 election, a mass gathering followed with Hamas' spokesman calling for a Caliphate. The official said Hamas seeks to create an "Islamic caliphate" in the land. Barack Obama said about radical Islamists terrorists:
The terrorists are at war with us... They kill man, woman and child; Christian and Hindu, Jew and Muslim. They seek to create a repressive caliphate. To defeat this enemy, we must understand who we are fighting against, and what we are fighting for.