Orang Belanda

Pengaruh di dunia

Walaupun bandingan bilangan mereka kecil, orang Belanda sudah tentu membuat tanda-tanda mereka di dunia, seperti yang kita ketahui sekarang.

Diaspora Belanda

Emigrants dari Belanda sejak Perang Dunia Kedua kebanyakannya berhijrah ke Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, dan hingga 1970an ke Afrika Selatan, dan pendatang Belanda dapat dijumpai di kebanyakan negara yang telah berkembang. Dalam beberapa bekas tanah jajahan Belanda dan penelokaan perdagangan, ada beberapa kumpulan etnik yang setengah keturunan Belanda.

Belanda di Asia

Orang Belanda telah ada kesan yang profound pada pengembangan Asia, terutamanya Asia Tenggara, Taiwan dan Jepun. Dalam beberapa cases orang Belanda adalah orang Eropah yang sering kali penduduk asli bertemu. Oleh kerana itu telah ada sesetengah considerable ethnic stereotyping. Orang Jepun mengambarkan orang Belanda sebagai orang berambut merah yang tidak beradat dan dalam bahasa Melayu nama panggilan untuk Kera berkantan adalah "Monyet Belanda".

Keturunan

Setelah Revolusi Indonesia, kebanyakan orang Belanda telah samada melarikan diri atau dibuang secara paksa dari Indonesia. Meraka adalah dan akan tetapi kacukan Eropah-Indonesia. Sejak adanya VOC pada tahap terawal beberapa ombak kebanyakan lelaki Belanda berkeputusan untuk tinggal di kepulauan sekarang dikenali sebagai Indonesia. Sepanjang kehadiran Belanda beberapa bilangan penduduk Serani berbahasa Belanda mengembangkan yang apa dikenali sebagai Indo atau Indo-Eropah. Hari ini kebanyakan kumpulan ini tinggal di Belanda.

Diaspora Belanda

Sejak Perang Dunia II, Emigrasi Belanda terutamnya berhijrah ke Amerika Syarikat, Kanada, Australia, New Zealand, (hingga zaman 1970an) ke Afrika Selatan. Kini pendatang Belanda dapat ditemui di kebanyakan negara terbangun. Di beberapa tanah jajahan dan penelokaan perdagangan Belanda, ada kumpulan etnik terpencil yang mempunyai darah penuh atau separuh Belanda.

Eropah Timur

During the Ostsiedlung, Germans and Dutch settled east of the Elbe and Saale rivers, regions largely inhabited by Polabian Slavs. After the capture of territory along the Elbe and Havel Rivers in the 1160s, Dutch settlers from flooded regions in Holland used their expertise to build dikes in Brandenburg. From the 13th to the 15th centuries, Prussia invited several waves of Dutch and Frisians to settle throughout the country (mainly along the Baltic Sea coast)
In the early-to-mid 1500s, Mennonites began to move from the Low Countries (especially Friesland and Flanders) to the Vistula delta region in Royal Prussia, seeking religious freedom and exemption from military service. When the Prussian government eliminated exemption from military service on religious grounds, the Mennonites emigrated to Russia. They were offered land along the Volga River. Some settlers left for Siberia in search for fertile land. The Russian capital itself, Moscow, also had a number of Dutch immigrants, mostly working as craftsmen. Arguably the most famous of which was Anna Mons the mistress of Peter the Great.
Historically Dutch also lived directly East of the German border, most have since been assimilated (apart from ~40,000 recent border migrants), especially since the establishment of Germany itself in 1872. Cultural marks can still be found though. In some villages and towns a Dutch Reformed church is present, and a number of border districts (such as Cleves, Borken and Viersen) have towns and village with an etymologically Dutch origin. In the area around Cleves (Ger.Kleve, Du. Kleef) traditional dialect is Dutch, rather than surrounding (High/Low) German. More to the South, cities historically housing many Dutch traders have retained Dutch exonyms for example Aachen (Aken) and Cologne/Köln (Keulen) to this day.

Afrika Selatan

In South Africa, the Dutch settled the Cape in 1652. Initially the settlement was meant as a re-supply point and way station for Dutch East India Company vessels on their way back and forth between the Netherlands and the East Indies. The support station gradually became a settler community. However, the rural inhabitants of the colony soon began to dislike the power held by the Dutch India Company (it stopped the colony's policy of open immigration, monopolized trade, combined the administrative, legislative and judicial powers into one body, told the farmers what crops to grow, demanded a large percentage of every farmer's harvest, and harassed them.) Slowly these farmers moved away from the Cape, eventually becoming known as 'trekboers', and settled deeper into South Africa and eventually Namibia. Today the Boers and Cape Dutch are known collectively as the Afrikaners, while the descendants of Cape Dutch and local black women are known as the Basters.
Their main language is Afrikaans, a form of creolized Dutch, which was considered a Dutch dialect until the late 19th century. Afrikaans and Dutch are mutually intelligible, though this relation can in some fields (such as lexicon, spelling and grammar) be asymmetric, as it is easier for Dutch-speakers to understand Afrikaans than it is for Afrikaans-speakers to understand Dutch.

Asia Tenggara

Sejak abad ke-16, telah adanya kehadiran Belanda di Asia Tenggara, Taiwan dan Jepun. Pada banyak kes orang Belanda adalah bangsa Eropah bpertama yang penduduk asli akan bertemu. Di antara 1602 dan 1796, VOC mengirim hampir sejuta Eropah untuk bekerja di Asia. Kebanyakan mati kerana penyakit atau dapat mencari jalan pulang ke Eropah, tetapi sesetengah mereka membuatkan Indies tanah air baru mereka. Interaksi di antara orang Belanda dan penduduk asli terutamanya mengambil tempat di Sri Lanka dan Kepulauan Indonesia moden. Kerap kalinya askar-askar Belanda berkahwin dengan wanita tempatan dan tinggal di tanah jajahan. Dari abad ke abad adanya penduduk bertuturan Belanda yang agak besar yang berketurunan kacukan Belanda dan Indonesia, dikenali sebagai Orang Indo atau Belanda-Indonesia. Pengusiran orang Belanda pada Pemberontakan Indonesia selanjutnya, bermakna bahawa kebanyakan kumpulan kininya menetap di Belanda.