Didsbury

Kajian nama tempat

Didsbury memperoleh namanya dari Anglo-Saxon Dyddi's burg, mungkin merujuk kepada seorang lelaki yang dikenali sebagai Dyddi yang kubu kuat atau perbandaran itu berada  di tebing rendah yang menghadap ke tempat di mana Sungai Mersey dapat dikelilingi. Pada abad ke-13, Didsbury telah dirujuk sebagai Dydesbyre, Dydesbiri, Didsbury atau Dodesbury.

Gereja Paroki

Piagam yang diberikan pada kira-kira 1260 menunjukkan bahawa kilang penggilingan jagung beroperasi di Didsbury, di sepanjang Sungai Mersey, tetapi rujukan terawal kepada Didsbury ada dalam dokumen yang bertarikh 1235, merekodkan geran tanah untuk membina sebuah gereja kecil. Gereja ini dinamakan Gereja St James pada tahun 1855. Ia menjalani pengubahsuaian utama pada tahun 1620 dan sekali lagi pada abad ke-19, walaupun kebanyakan bangunan batu hari ini kelihatan dari abad ke-17. Parsonage telah dibina di sebelah salah satu daripada dua rumah awam yang diapit hijau desa berdekatan, Ye Olde Cock Inn, yang dipanggil kerana penggunaan ayam liar yang biasa berlaku di sana. Parsonage tidak lama lagi mendapat reputasi kerana dihantui; hamba-hamba enggan tidur di premis itu, dan ia ditinggalkan pada tahun 1850. Alderman tempatan Fletcher Moss membeli rumah itu pada tahun 1865, dan tinggal di dalamnya selama lebih dari 40 tahun. Pada tahun 1902, beliau memasang sebuah gerbang yang lengkap dengan pintu besi tempa yang dibeli dari jarak yang tidak lama lagi akan dirobohkan Spread Eagle Hotel di pusat Manchester yang pernah dimiliki olehnya, di pintu masuk ke taman parsonage, yang, kerana reputasi bangunan itu, dikenali secara tempatan sebagai "pintu ke Neraka". Parsonage menjadi muzium, kini ditutup, tetapi taman-taman masih terbuka untuk umum. Kawasan sekitar St James 'Church mempunyai kepekatan tertinggi bangunan tersenarai di Manchester, di luar pusat bandar.

Sungai Mersey

Didsbury adalah salah satu daripada beberapa tempat di antara Stretford dan Stockport di mana Sungai Mersey dapat dikelilingi, yang menjadikannya penting untuk pergerakan pasukan semasa Perang Saudara Inggeris, di mana Manchester berada di pihak Parlimen. Panglima Raja, Prince Rupert, menempatkan dirinya di Didsbury Ees, ke selatan Barlow Moor. Juga mungkin Bonnie Prince Charlie melintasi Mersey di Didsbury pada tahun 1745, di Jacobite berjalan dari selatan dari Manchester ke Derby, dan sekali lagi di tempat berundur berikutnya.

Immigresen dari Eropah

Pendatang Yahudi mula tiba di Manchester dari akhir abad ke-18, pada mulanya menetap di pinggir bandar di utara bandar. Dari tahun 1890-an dan seterusnya, kebanyakan mereka berpindah ke apa yang dilihat sebagai pinggir bandar yang lebih "canggih" di selatan, seperti Withington dan Didsbury. Kemasukan pendatang Yahudi membawa Didsbury Barat dijuluki sebagai "Yidsbury" dan Jalan Palatine, jalan utama melalui Didsbury Barat, "Jalan Palestin".

Abad ke-19 dan ke-20

Semasa pengembangan Zaman Victoria di Manchester, Didsbury berkembang sebagai penyelesaian yang makmur; beberapa rumah dari zaman masih wujud di Wilmslow Road antara kampung Didsbury dan Parrs Wood ke timur dan Withington di utara, tetapi mereka kini telah ditukarkan ke rumah dan pejabat kejururawatan. Pembukaan Midland Railway pada tahun 1880 menyumbang sangat kepada pertumbuhan pesat penduduk Didsbury, dengan stesen di Didsbury dan Withington and West Didsbury menawarkan sambungan kereta api mudah ke Manchester Central. Barisan ini ditutup pada tahun 1967, walaupun bangunan stesen Didsbury kekal berdiri sehingga perobohannya pada tahun 1980-an. Jam stesen dan pancutan air telah terselamat, didedikasikan kepada doktor tempatan dan kempen untuk golongan miskin, Dr. J. Milson Rhodes.
On 28 April 1910, French pilot Louis Paulhan landed his Farman biplane in Barcicroft Fields, Pytha Fold Farm, on the borders of Withington, Burnage and Didsbury, at the end of the first flight from London to Manchester in under 24 hours, with one short overnight stop at Lichfield. Arriving at 5:30 am, Paulhan beat the British contender, Claude Grahame-White, winning a £10,000 prize offered by the Daily Mail. This was the first powered flight into Manchester from any point outside the city. Two special trains were chartered to the newly built but unopened Burnage railway station to take spectators to the landing, many of whom had stood throughout the night. Paulhan's progress was followed throughout by a special train carrying his wife, Henri Farman and his mechanics. Afterwards his train took the party to a civic reception given by the Lord Mayor of Manchester in the town hall. A house in Paulhan Road, constructed in the 1930s near the site of his landing, is marked by a blue plaque to commemorate his achievement.

Sejarah sivik

Pada awal abad ke-13, Didsbury terletak di dalam manor Withington, sebuah kawasan feudal yang turut merangkumi perbandaran Withington, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Moss Side, Rusholme, Burnage, Denton and Haughton, yang diperintah oleh Hathersage, Longford dan Tatton keluarga, dan dalam sempadan daerah bersejarah Lancashire. Didsbury tetap berada di dalam kawasan of Withington selama beberapa abad.
Menjelang 1764, Didsbury digambarkan sebagai bandar dalam haknya sendiri. Ia menjadi paroki sivil pada tahun 1866, dan pada 1876 dimasukkan ke dalam Daerah Sanitasi Urban Withington, digantikan pada tahun 1894 oleh penciptaan Daerah Urban Withington. Withington Urban District adalah subdivision dari daerah pentadbiran Lancashire, yang diwujudkan sebagai sebahagian daripada peruntukan Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1894. Pada tahun 1904, Daerah Urban Withington disatukan ke bandar dan daerah di Manchester, dan Didsbury diserap ke Manchester , walaupun ia kekal sebagai paroki sivil sehingga tahun 1910. Berikutan Akta Kerajaan Tempatan 1972, Manchester menjadi bandar metropolitan di daerah metropolitan Manchester Raya.

Perwakilan politik

Didsbury berada di kawasan parlimen Manchester Withington, dan diwakili oleh Ahli Parlimen Jeff Smith, ahli Parti Buruh.
Sehingga tahun 2004, sebahagian besar kawasan itu membentuk wad Dewan Majlis Manchester City dengan seksyen West Didsbury yang terkandung dalam wad Barlow Moor. Walau bagaimanapun, perubahan sempadan pada tahun 2004 mengakibatkan Didsbury dipecah terutamanya di antara dua wad baru Didsbury East dan Didsbury West manakala bahagian kecil Didsbury Barat dimasukkan ke dalam wad baru Chorlton Park.  Didsbury East diwakili oleh ahli majlis Buruh James Wilson, Andrew Simcock dan Kelly Simcock. Didsbury West diwakili oleh ahli majlis Buruh Josie Teuber dan David Ellison dan Demokrat Liberal John Leech. Semua wad di Manchester memilih ketiga dalam kitaran empat tahunan.

Geografi

Didsbury, at 53°24′59″N 2°13′51″W (53.4166, −2.2311), is south of the midpoint of the Greater Manchester Urban Area, 4.5 batu (7.2 km) south of Manchester city centre. To the north, Didsbury is bordered by Withington, Chorlton-cum-Hardy and Burnage, to the west by Northenden, to the east and south-east by Heaton Mersey and Cheadle, and by Gatley to the south.
The River Mersey forms Didsbury's southern and southwestern boundaries and certain stretches of the river also demarcate the boundaries of the City of Manchester. The area is generally considered to be roughly enclosed by Princess Parkway to the west, Kingsway to the east and the Ball Brook, just north of Lapwing Lane/Fog Lane to the north. This northern boundary is marked by a boundary stone in the front garden wall of a house on the west side of Wilmslow Road. A "country trail" passes from West Didsbury to East, named the Trans Pennine Trail (National Cycle Route 62). It was sited along a disused railway track, as part of a nationwide initiative to promote cycling.
Didsbury's built environment has developed around the areas of East Didsbury, West Didsbury, and Didsbury Village, which separates the two. The Albert Park conservation area, covering much of West Didsbury, places planning restrictions on development, alterations to buildings, and pruning of trees. The areas adjacent to the Mersey lie within the river's flood plain, and so have historically been prone to flooding after heavy rainfall. The last major flooding was in the late 1960s. In the 1970s extensive flood mitigation work carried out along the Mersey Valley through Manchester has helped to speed up the passage of floodwater. Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden also acts as an emergency flood basin, storing floodwater until it can be safely released back into the river. Parts of the local flood plain, much of Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden, the whole of near by Didsbury Park and many of the listed buildings in the area are grouped into the St. James' Conservation area, which is centred on Wilmslow Road, just south of Didsbury Village.

Culture

The original site of Didsbury Village is in the conservation area now known as Didsbury St James, about half a mile (1 km) to the south of what is today's village centre. The old village green is now the beer garden of The Didsbury public house.
The traditional independent retailers are gradually being replaced by multi-national firms, raising fears that Didsbury may lose its individual identity and become a "clone town". However, independent traders continue to thrive, especially in West Didsbury, which celebrates its independent spirit each year with the two-day Westfest festival. The 200-year-old Peacock's Funeral Parlour, one of the few pre-Victorian buildings in the village and regarded by some as the centrepiece of the village, was demolished in the summer of 2005 to make way for a new branch of Boots the Chemists. The owner, United Co-op, blamed changing demographics for the closure of the funeral parlour; with more and more homes being occupied by young professional people, the death rate was falling in the area.

Green areas

The Fletcher Moss Botanical Garden is a 21-ekar (85,000 m²) recreational park south of the village centre. It is named after local Alderman Fletcher Moss, who donated the park to the city of Manchester in 1919. In 2008, it won the Green Flag Award, the national standard for parks and green spaces in England, an award it has held since 2000.
Didsbury Park was also a winner of the Green Flag Award in 2008. It is a community park in Didsbury village centre that comprises a bowls area, crèche, football pitch and play area. Once a year, at the Didsbury Festival, pupils from local schools dress up to a theme and meet in the playground of St. Catherine's Primary School, in East Didsbury, from where they parade to Didsbury Park.
Marie Louise Gardens is a relatively small park to the west of the centre of Didsbury. The park was originally owned by the Silkenstadt family as part of the grounds of their house. The land was bequeathed to the people of Manchester by Mrs Silkenstadt in 1904 in memory of her daughter, Marie Louise. The park was at the centre of controversy in 2007 after Manchester City Council proposed to sell a portion of it to a private property developer.

Metrolink

Proposals had existed since the 1980s to re-open the disused railway line which passes through Didsbury as part of the Manchester Metrolink light rail system. Under these proposals, Didsbury Station was to re-open under the name of Didsbury Central or Didsbury Village.
These extension plans were rejected by the government in 2004, due to escalating costs. New plans were drawn up in 2007, with at least some of the money required for the construction of the line planned to come from the proposed Manchester Congestion Charge, which was overwhelmingly rejected by public vote in 2008.
In May 2009, AGMA agreed to the provision of additional funding that secured the construction of Metrolink to the area. This included additional stops at Withington, Burton Road, West Didsbury, Didsbury Village and East Didsbury.
Final government approval for government funding for the Chorlton cum Hardy – East Didsbury Metrolink extension using a closed railway line was granted in March 2010 by Transport Minister Sadiq Khan. The line through to East Didsbury opened on 23 May 2013.

Education

Didsbury has a non-selective education system, assessed by the SATs exam. There are seven primary schools and two state comprehensive secondary schools. The Barlow RC High School is one of those chosen by Manchester Council to benefit from funding made available in wave 4 of the government's Building Schools for the Future programme, a national scheme for the refurbishment and remodelling of every secondary school in England. It is planned to replace all the current buildings, which date back to 1951. Parrs Wood and The Barlow were two of only six schools in Manchester to achieve the Manchester Inclusion Standard in 2007, awarded by Manchester Council to those schools doing innovative work to ensure that all their pupils are able to participate fully in the school's activities.

There are two centres of further and higher education in Didsbury: The Manchester College, (formerly City College Manchester) Fielden Campus, which was opened in 1972 by Margaret Thatcher, offers a variety of courses including communication and technology; and Manchester Metropolitan University's Didsbury Campus, the former Didsbury School of Education, is home to the faculties of health, social care, and education, along with the Broomhurst Hall of Residence.

Sukan

Didsbury Sports Centre, on Wilmslow Road, is a part of the Manchester Metropolitan University campus. It provides a fitness suite and classes and facilities for badminton and tennis.
Didsbury has two rugby union clubs, Toc H R.F.C. and Old Bedians. Toc H, founded in 1924, plays at Simons Fields, on Ford Lane. Its first team plays in the North Lancashire and Cumbria league. The club runs four senior teams and a youth section, and has run a 10-a-side competition every May since 1951, as a charity fund raiser for local hospices. Old Bedians is based in East Didbury, and was founded in 1954. It regularly fields three senior teams as well as a junior section. Desmond Pastore, believed to be the oldest rugby player in the world, was a founder member of the club, and later became its president. Formerly a player for Sale and Cheshire, Desmond played his last game for Manchester club Egor on his 91st birthday. Bedians AFC (an amateur football club founded in 1928) share the Underbank Farm ground with Old Bedians RUFC.
Didsbury Cricket Club fields three Saturday teams and two Sunday teams. The first eleven plays in the Cheshire County ECB Premier League. As well as the five senior teams, the club also has a junior section catering for players between 7 and 18 years of age, and has recently formed a Women's section. It is also home to Manchester Waconians Lacrosse Club and Didsbury Grey's Women's Hockey Team, which do not actually play at the site but at grounds in Belle Vue, that were designed for the XVII Commonwealth Games. Northern Tennis Club, in West Didsbury, is one of Manchester's few racquet clubs; it annually plays host to an Association of Tennis Professionals tournament in July.

Perkhidmatan awam

Hospital Komuniti Withington, dibuka pada tahun 2005, menduduki sebahagian daripada tapak Hospital Withington yang dahulunya (dan lebih besar), yang dibangunkan di tapak rumah kerja rumah kerja yang sebahagiannya bangunannya masih jelas.
Didsbury dilindungi oleh Bahagian Manchester Selatan Manchester Police.
 The Towers, yang kini dikenali sebagai Shirley Institute, pernah menjadi rumah jurutera Daniel Adamson - penggerak di belakang projek Manchester Ship Canal - dan tempat di mana keputusan untuk membina terusan itu diambil. Rumah ini direka oleh arkitek Salford Thomas Worthington, untuk penerbit dan pemilik Manchester Guardian, John Edward Taylor.

Orang terkenal

Daniel Adamson, promoter of the Manchester Ship Canal, lived at the Towers (blue plaque – once the Shirley Institute) on Wilmslow Road from 1874 until his death in 1890. His Grade II listed home, designed by Thomas Worthington for John Edward Taylor, the editor and proprietor of the Manchester Guardian, was the venue for the 1882 meeting at which it was decided to construct the ship canal project.
Kathleen Ollerenshaw DBE, mathematician, local politician, co-founder of the Royal Northern College of Music
Emily Williamson, a pioneer of wildlife protection, was a resident of Didsbury from 1882 to 1912. She founded the Plumage League in 1889 and went on to co-found the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) in 1904. In 1989 a plaque was placed on her former home, the Croft, to honour her work on the centenary of her organisation.
Sidney Bernstein and Denis Forman who created Granada Television Manchester also lived in Didsbury during their work requirements at the Granada Studios in Manchester.
Kirsty Howard was the final runner to carry the Queen's Baton at the opening of the 2002 Commonwealth Games, when she was chaperoned by England football captain David Beckham. Born with a rare condition in which her heart is back-to-front, she has been a resident in Didsbury's Francis House Hospice, for which she has raised over £5 million.
Lord Marcus Joseph Sieff, the chairman of Marks & Spencer from 1972 to 1982, was born in Didsbury in 1913.
Francis French, author and noted space historian, grew up in Didsbury, and attended the same school as noted poet and novelist Sophie Hannah.
Carol Ann Duffy, the first female Poet Laureate, lives in West Didsbury as of 2009.
Nigel Henbest – astronomer, author and television producer – was born in West Didsbury in 1951.
Martin Lewis was born in Withington and spent his earliest years growing up in Didsbury.