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pubtator-central-bigbio-kb-2022-12-18

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[ { "id": "17284730_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Approximation of total visceral adipose tissue with a single magnetic resonance image." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "17284730_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: A single axial image measured between the 4th and 5th lumbar vertebrae (L4-L5) is most frequently chosen to approximate total abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume, but growing evidence suggests that this measurement site is not ideal. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine the single magnetic resonance (MR) image that best approximates the total VAT volume in a biracial sample of healthy subjects. DESIGN: We used contiguous abdominal MR images to measure VAT area and summed them to determine total VAT volume. The sample included 820 healthy men and women (n = 692 whites, 128 blacks) aged 18-88 y. RESULTS: A range of MR images had equally high correlations with total VAT in each race and sex group. The image 6 cm above L4-L5 (L4-L5 + 6) was within the best equivalent range for all race and sex groups. The L4-L5 + 6 image crossed the L3 vertebra in 85% of subjects and crossed the L2-L3 intervertebral space or the L2 vertebra for 15% of subjects. Linear regression models indicated that the L4-L5 + 6 image explained 97% of the variance in total abdominal VAT volume, and additional covariates did not increase the R(2) value significantly. The L4-L5 image explained 83% of the variance in VAT volume, and the covariates accounted for an additional 7% of the variance. Rank-order values for VAT can change if total VAT volume is approximated by a single image area. Whereas 25% of subjects changed rank by >or=10% with the L4-L5 image, only 3% changed rank to that degree with the L4-L5 + 6 image. CONCLUSIONS: A single MR image located approximately at the L3 vertebra can accurately estimate total VAT volume in blacks and whites of both sexes." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 1769 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17284730_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17284730_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16876871_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Patterning the developing diencephalon." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 39 ] ] }, { "id": "16876871_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The diencephalon is the embryonic precursor to the caudal forebrain. The major diencephalic derivative is the thalamus, which functions as a relay station between the cortex and lower nervous system structures. Although the diencephalon has been recognized as a vital brain region, our understanding of its development remains superficial. In this review, we discuss recent progresses in understanding one essential aspect of diencephalic development, diencephalic patterning. Signaling centers identified in the zona limitans intrathalamica and along the dorsal and ventral midlines have emerged as essential organizers in diencephalic patterning. The cumulative data reveal that the diencephalon shares some developmental principles with more caudal brain regions, whereas other mechanisms are unique to this region." ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 858 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16876871_MESH:D007027_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diencephalic" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007027" } ] }, { "id": "16876871_MESH:D007027_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diencephalic" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007027" } ] }, { "id": "16876871_MESH:D007027_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diencephalic" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 504 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007027" } ] }, { "id": "16876871_MESH:D007027_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diencephalic" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 676 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007027" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17000182_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Assessing dietary intake: new ideas and better approaches." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "17000182_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 59 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30713713_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cell therapy for ARDS: efficacy of endobronchial versus intravenous administration and biodistribution of MAPCs in a large animal model." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "30713713_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Introduction: Bone marrow-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are adult allogeneic adherent stem cells currently investigated clinically for use in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). To date, there is no agreement on which is the best method for stem cells delivery in ARDS. Here, we compared the efficacy of two different methods of administration and biodistribution of MAPC for the treatment of ARDS in a sheep model. Methods: MAPC were labelled with [18F] fluoro-29-deoxy-D-glucose and delivered by endobronchial (EB) or intravenous route 1 hour after lipopolysaccharide infusion in sheep mechanically ventilated. PET/CT images were acquired to determine the biodistribution and retention of the cells at 1 and 5 hours of administration. Results: The distribution and retention of the MAPC was dependent on the method of cell administration. By EB route, PET images showed that MAPC remained at the site of administration and no changes were observed after 5 hours, whereas with intravenous route, the cells had broad biodistribution to different organs, being the lung the main organ of retention at 1 and 5 hours. MAPC demonstrated an equal effect on arterial oxygenation recovery by either route of administration. Conclusion: The EB or intravenous routes of administration of MAPC are both effective for the treatment of ARDS in an acute sheep model, and the effect of MAPC therapy is not dependent of parenchymal integration or systemic biodistribution." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1623 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MAPCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute respiratory distress syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 335 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MAPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_9940_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D005947_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D008070_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008070" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_9940_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MAPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_MESH:D012128_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ARDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1490, 1494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012128" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_9940_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "sheep" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9940" } ] }, { "id": "30713713_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MAPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32517825_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unit cohesion during deployment and post-deployment mental health: is cohesion an individual- or unit-level buffer for combat-exposed soldiers?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 143 ] ] }, { "id": "32517825_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Unit cohesion may protect service member mental health by mitigating effects of combat exposure; however, questions remain about the origins of potential stress-buffering effects. We examined buffering effects associated with two forms of unit cohesion (peer-oriented horizontal cohesion and subordinate-leader vertical cohesion) defined as either individual-level or aggregated unit-level variables. METHODS: Longitudinal survey data from US Army soldiers who deployed to Afghanistan in 2012 were analyzed using mixed-effects regression. Models evaluated individual- and unit-level interaction effects of combat exposure and cohesion during deployment on symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and suicidal ideation reported at 3 months post-deployment (model n's = 6684 to 6826). Given the small effective sample size (k = 89), the significance of unit-level interactions was evaluated at a 90% confidence level. RESULTS: At the individual-level, buffering effects of horizontal cohesion were found for PTSD symptoms [B = -0.11, 95% CI (-0.18 to -0.04), p < 0.01] and depressive symptoms [B = -0.06, 95% CI (-0.10 to -0.01), p < 0.05]; while a buffering effect of vertical cohesion was observed for PTSD symptoms only [B = -0.03, 95% CI (-0.06 to -0.0001), p < 0.05]. At the unit-level, buffering effects of horizontal (but not vertical) cohesion were observed for PTSD symptoms [B = -0.91, 90% CI (-1.70 to -0.11), p = 0.06], depressive symptoms [B = -0.83, 90% CI (-1.24 to -0.41), p < 0.01], and suicidal ideation [B = -0.32, 90% CI (-0.62 to -0.01), p = 0.08]. CONCLUSIONS: Policies and interventions that enhance horizontal cohesion may protect combat-exposed units against post-deployment mental health problems. Efforts to support individual soldiers who report low levels of horizontal or vertical cohesion may also yield mental health benefits." ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 2035 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32517825_MESH:D040921_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic stress disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D040921" } ] }, { "id": "32517825_MESH:D000275_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "32517825_MESH:D000275_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1250, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "32517825_MESH:D000275_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1609, 1628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26789626_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Impact of Adjuvant Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Treatment on Patients with High-Grade T1 Bladder Cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "26789626_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of adjuvant intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) treatment in patients with high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 207 consecutive patients who underwent transurethral resection for high-grade T1 transitional cell carcinoma of bladder at our institution between January 1, 2005 and December 31, 2012. Of those patients, 77 underwent early cystectomy without BCG instillation and were excluded from the analysis. The overall survival and cancer-specific mortality were compared in 2 different therapy options groups (group of patients who received adjuvant BCG instillation vs. the group of patients who did not receive BCG therapy). Overall mortality was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, univariate comparisons were made with the log rank test. The cumulative incidence of deaths from bladder cancer (BC) was determined by univariate and multivariate competing risk analysis. Cox proportional hazard models for competing risks were used to study the combined effects of the variables on BC-specific mortality. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival in patients with BCG instillation vs. patients who did not receive BCG therapy was 74 vs. 28% (p = 0.0016). In the univariate analysis, the adjuvant intravesical BCG treatment was associated with decreased cancer-specific mortality (p = 0.0062). In the multivariable analysis, the age and the BCG instillation were independent factors of overall survival (hazard ratio 0.26, 95% CI 0.15-0.46, p < 0.0001) and cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio 0.29, 95% CI 0.12-0.71, p = 0.0067). CONCLUSION: Dispensing from adjuvant intravesical BCG treatment is associated with increased overall- and disease-specific mortality in patients with T1 high-grade transitional cell carcinoma of bladder. This observation confirms that adjuvant BCG instillation is a crucial part of treatment in this patient population." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 2055 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26789626_33892_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Bacillus Calmette-Guerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 56 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bacillus Calmette-Guerin" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma of bladder" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 337 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma of bladder" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 516 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 641 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 757 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 796 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 820 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 848 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 976, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "BC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1267, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D009369_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1472, 1481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1543, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D009369_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1665 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1675, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1786, 1789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D003643_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1859, 1868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1872, 1880 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_MESH:D001749_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma of bladder" ], "offsets": [ [ 1918, 1938 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001749" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_33892_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "BCG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1980, 1983 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "33892" } ] }, { "id": "26789626_9606_39", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 2036, 2043 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12212164_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Study of parturient-controlled epidural blockade for labor analgesia]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 71 ] ] }, { "id": "12212164_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "To explore the feasibility of parturient-controlled epidural blockade for labor analgesia, 44 primiparas requesting labor analgesia (Group I) were selected for testing the above method according to the ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) Class I or II. Forty-six primiparas were selected as control (Group II). The conditions of control group were similar to those of Group I in all aspects except labor analgesia. The results showed that in Group I labor pain was significantly relieved 5 minutes after anesthesia, and almost eliminated 15 minutes after anesthesia; 95% parturients achieved adequate analgesia. Systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were significantly decreased 5 minutes after anesthesia but still in normal range. The uterine contraction, labor process, delivery mode, postpartum hemorrhage, side effects and neonatal Apgar's score had no significant difference between the two groups. It is suggested that the parturient-controlled epidural blockade is efficiently applied to labor analgesia." ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 1122 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12212164_MESH:D000699_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D000699_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D000699_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D000699_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 490 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D048949_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 527, 537 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048949" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D006470_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemorrhage" ], "offsets": [ [ 909, 919 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "12212164_MESH:D000699_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "labor analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000699" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3457060_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Medical and dental school faculties working together. The interrelation of medicine and dentistry in total health care." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 119 ] ] }, { "id": "3457060_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 120 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12657738_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dynamin: the endosymbiosis ring of power?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "12657738_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 42 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4917891_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Autoradiographic study of the influence of the male hormone on leucine incorporation in the genital tract of white mice]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "4917891_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 123 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4917891_MESH:D007930_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leucine" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007930" } ] }, { "id": "4917891_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18183277_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Determination of HCV infection stage in a group of seropositive patients from Maracaibo, Venezuela by measurement the antibody avidity index of anti-HCV IgG]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 159 ] ] }, { "id": "18183277_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To identify HCV infection stage in a group of seropositive patients from Maracaibo, Venezuela, using the measurement of IgG antibody avidity technique. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used a modification suggest by Leon et. al.(1997) of the normal protocol of ELISA Ortho HCV 3.0 Kit. This protocol modification was make two parallel assays for each sample adding new wash step using 6M Urea for one of parallel assays. RESULTS: The average AI (Avidity index) of 19 HCV seropositive patients found was 55 +/- 23,8%. Also, it was found that three (15,79%) of these patients were in primoinfection stage by HCV, seven (36,84%) were in past o chronic stage and nine (47,36%) were in chronic stage. The new cases ratio calculated for the investigation period was 1/5, this mean that for each five patients diagnosed with HCV, only one was in the acute phase of infection. CONCLUSION: Data from this study provides new information about epidemiology of HCV in the area." ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 1128 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18183277_MESH:D006526_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HCV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_MESH:D006526_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HCV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006526" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_MESH:D014508_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Urea" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 555 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014508" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 647, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18183277_MESH:D007239_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10884449_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dietary potassium intake and stroke mortality." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 46 ] ] }, { "id": "10884449_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An inverse relationship of dietary potassium to stroke mortality in a small community has been previously reported. To further assess this association in a larger sample, we examined data from the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiological Follow-up Study. METHODS: We analyzed baseline data during 1971-1975 and follow-up through 1992. Dietary potassium intake, determined by 24-hour dietary recall at baseline, was available for 9866 subjects. Stroke mortality was recorded through 1992 follow-up. RESULTS: Mean age and dietary potassium at baseline were 55 years and 2084 mg/d; blacks reported significantly lower potassium intake than whites (1606 versus 2178 mg/24 h). During an average of 16.7 years of follow-up, there were 304 stroke deaths. For men, stratified by tertile of dietary potassium intake, age-adjusted stroke mortality rates per 1000 person-years for the lowest dietary potassium group were significantly higher than for the highest intake group, for both whites (1.94 versus 1.17; relative risk, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.32 to 2.14) and blacks (5.08 versus 1.19; relative risk, 4.27; 95% CI, 1.88 to 9. 19). For women, there was no significant difference in stroke mortality between similar levels of potassium intake for either whites (1.61 versus 1.42; relative risk, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.84 to 1.66) or blacks (2.46 versus 3.04; relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.21 to 2. 01). After stratification by hypertensive status, stroke mortality rates were significantly different by tertile of dietary potassium only for hypertensive men. There was no stroke mortality difference by potassium intake among hypertensive women or nonhypertensive men and women. Multivariate analysis, in which we controlled for caloric intake and other baseline cardiovascular risk factors, revealed that only among black men and hypertensive men was lower dietary potassium intake a predictor of stroke mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The previous finding of an association of increasing dietary potassium intake with decreasing stroke mortality has been detected only among black men and hypertensive men in this study." ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 2206 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 562 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 572 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 867 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 911 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D006973_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1519, 1531 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1540, 1546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1547, 1556 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1614, 1623 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D006973_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1633, 1645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1646, 1649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1664, 1670 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1671, 1680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1695, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D006973_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1730 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1731, 1736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1764, 1769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1915, 1918 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D006973_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1923, 1935 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1936, 1939 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1958, 1967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_38", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1990, 1996 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1997, 2006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D011188_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2082, 2091 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011188" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D020521_41", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 2115, 2121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D003643_42", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2122, 2131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_43", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 2167, 2170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_MESH:D006973_44", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 2175, 2187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "10884449_9606_45", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 2188, 2191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26835940_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Proximity-effect correction for 3D single-photon optical lithography." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "26835940_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A proximity-effect-correction (PEC) algorithm for three-dimensional (3D) single-photon gray-scale photolithography is proposed and numerically analyzed in this paper. The gray-scale dose assigned to every point within the photoresist volume is optimized to guarantee that the fabricated 3D patterns are as close to the designed patterns as possible. PEC optimizations for 3D woodpile geometries using low and high absorption photoresist are simulated. Spatial resolution of the proposed PEC algorithm is numerically studied. We also investigated the efficacy of our algorithm on a variety of related 3D geometries." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 684 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17407497_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Difference in magnitude of psychostimulant-induced extracellular norepinephrine in the ventral tegmental area contributes to discrepant prefrontal dopamine outflow." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 164 ] ] }, { "id": "17407497_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The dopamine (DA) efflux in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) can be modulated by the interaction between afferent norepinephrine (NE) and somatodendritic DA in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). However, it is unclear how locally administered amphetamine (AMPH) or cocaine in the VTA results in discrepant response of DA efflux in the mPFC. In this study, intra-VTA infusion of AMPH (1000 microM) or cocaine (200 microM) in anesthetized rats was employed to study the concurrent profile of extracellular DA level in the VTA and mPFC. In addition, the extracellular NE levels during the intra-VTA infusion of these two psychostimulants were analyzed to compare their effects on prefrontal DA efflux. During the intra-VTA infusion of AMPH, both extracellular DA and NE increased significantly in the VTA (270 +/- 12% and 819 +/- 40%, respectively). Meanwhile, the DA efflux in the mPFC elevated significantly. During the intra-VTA infusion of cocaine, the extracellular DA and NE in the VTA also increased (271 +/- 21% and 150 +/- 15%, respectively). However, the DA efflux decreased significantly in the mPFC. Noteworthy, the increase of extracellular NE in the VTA was much more robust via AMPH infusion, as compared with cocaine. It is suggested that AMPH and cocaine enhance the extracellular NE concentrations in the VTA in different magnitudes, which in turn contribute to discrepant profiles of distal DA efflux in the mPFC." ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 1596 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17407497_MESH:D009638_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 155 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dopamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 169, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D009638_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 322, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amphetamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AMPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D003042_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 439 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AMPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D003042_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 574 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_10116_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 673 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 857 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AMPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 903 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 926 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D003042_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AMPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D003042_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D000661_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AMPH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000661" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D003042_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cocaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1435 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003042" } ] }, { "id": "17407497_MESH:D004298_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1574, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004298" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1474301_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Survival of persons with AIDS in Kentucky." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "1474301_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Of all reported Kentucky adult/adolescent cases of AIDS (124) with diagnosis dates from July 1, 1990, through June 30, 1991, 33% died within three months of diagnosis. To discern possible reasons for these very short survival times, information was analyzed from the CDC AIDS Confidential Case Report of the 124 patients and from the hospital charts of the 29 patients who were reported as having died within the month of or the month following diagnosis. Data suggested that survival for three months appears to be less likely for blacks, for males, and for those 30 through 34 years old. In the cohort the first diagnosis of AIDS was made at 40 different hospitals and the patients presented to 77 different physicians. Of chart-reviewed patients, 16 of the 29 (55.1%) were previously known to be HIV-positive. The most commonly identified likely reason for short survival time from AIDS diagnosis to death was that the diagnosis had been previously missed (10 of the 29 patients--34%). The study showed that many known to be HIV-positive for some time had apparently received little or no care for their infection from testing until diagnosis with AIDS. Medical review of patient charts suggested that scatter of caregivers may have resulted in some errors in diagnosis and treatment decisions. Also, considerable numbers of persons with HIV infection are either not utilizing the existing HIV counseling, testing, and follow-up systems or are not receiving medical care for their infection once it is identified." ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 1559 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1474301_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 791 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D003643_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1016, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1159 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D000163_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AIDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000163" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1218, 1225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1371, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D015658_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HIV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015658" } ] }, { "id": "1474301_MESH:D007239_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7952358_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Various indications for artificial aqueous drainage systems (Molteno implant)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 78 ] ] }, { "id": "7952358_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In reoperations the draining effect of a Molteno Implant can be enhanced by a \"sandwich\" arrangement or a \"bleb to bleb\" anastomosis. Molteno implants can also be inserted via a pars plana trepanation and can control juvenile glaucoma. They are also compatible with anterior chamber lenses and corneal transplants." ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 393 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7952358_MESH:D005901_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "glaucoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005901" } ] }, { "id": "7952358_MESH:D003316_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "corneal" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003316" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36031925_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Development of a procedure-specific tool for skill assessment in left- and right-sided laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "36031925_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "AIM: To 1) develop an assessment tool for laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision (LCME) and 2) report evidence of its content validity. METHOD: Assessment statements were revealed through 1) semi-structured expert interviews and 2) consensus by the Delphi method, both involving an expert panel of five LCME surgeons. All experts were interviewed and then asked to rate LCME describing statements from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Responses were returned anonymously to the panel until consensus was reached. Statements were directly included as content in the assessment tool if >=60% of the experts responded 'agree' or 'strongly agree' (ratings 4 and 5), with the remaining responses being 'neither agree nor disagree' (rating 3). Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for expert agreement evaluation. All included statements were subsequently reformulated as tool items and approved by the experts. RESULTS: Four Delphi rounds were performed to reach consensus. Disagreement was reported for statements describing instrument handling around pancreas; visualisation of landmarks before inferior mesenteric artery ligation; lymphadenectomy around the inferior mesenteric artery, and division of the terminal ileum and transverse colon. ICC in the last Delphi-round was 0.84. The final tool content included 73 statements, converted to 48 right- and 40 left-sided items for LCME assessment. CONCLUSION: A procedure-specific, video-based tool, named Complete Mesocolic Excision Competency Assessment Tool (CMECAT), has been developed for LCME skill assessment. In the future, we hope it can facilitate assessment of LCME surgeons, resulting in improved patient outcome after colon cancer surgery." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 1861 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36031925_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1818, 1825 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36031925_MESH:D015179_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1840, 1852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23994185_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "ALX 1393 inhibits spontaneous network activity by inducing glycinergic tonic currents in the spinal ventral horn." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "23994185_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are activated by glycine and facilitate chloride influx into neurons. Glycinergic transmission might be either mediated by synaptic or extrasynaptic glycine receptors. While phasic neurotransmission is provided by a synaptic pathway, activation of extrasynaptic glycine receptors induces tonic inhibition. The glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2) regulates the uptake of glycine into presynaptic boutons. It is not determined yet, whether inhibition of GlyT2 by ALX 1393 can produce inhibition of spinal motoric networks and, whether phasic or tonic glycinergic inhibition is mostly enhanced. METHODS: We investigated the effect of ALX 1393 on spontaneous action potential firing activity by extracellular recordings in the ventral horn area of organotypic spinal cultures. Additionally, using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique, we defined the influence of GlyT2 inhibition on tonic and phasic glycinergic transmission in commissural interneurons of the ventral horn. RESULTS: GlyT2 inhibition by ALX 1393 potently reduced neuronal action potential activity in a concentration-dependent manner (n=211). The half maximal effect of ALX 1393 was observed at 100 +- 31 nM. Moreover, 88.3 +- 2.6% of the action potential activity was suppressed at 1 muM. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings unveiled that ALX 1393 (200 nM) induced a tonic current (-45.7 +- 11.6 pA, n=5) that was significantly reversed by application of the competitive glycine receptor antagonist strychnine. Contrastingly, phasic glycinergic transmission was not augmented by GlyT2 inhibition (charge transferred per time period for control conditions: 1.1 +- 0.1 pC, n=7, for ALX 1393: 0.9 +- 0.2 pC, n=7, p>0.05). CONCLUSION: GlyT2 inhibition induced glycinergic tonic currents, which might be the underlying mechanism for the observed suppression of spontaneous action potential activity by ALX 1393 in the spinal ventral horn. Silencing neuronal action potential activity by blocking GlyT2 might be a novel principle to inhibit locomotor circuits in the ventral horn area and to induce muscle relaxation." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 2231 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D013331_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Strychnine" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013331" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D002712_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002712" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "glycine transporter 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 616 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1018, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 1291, 1299 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 1459, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D005998_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glycine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1591, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005998" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:D013331_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "strychnine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1619, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013331" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1699, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1851, 1856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_MESH:C539864_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ALX 1393" ], "offsets": [ [ 2017, 2025 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C539864" } ] }, { "id": "23994185_9152_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GlyT2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2111, 2116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9152" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "82203_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mutagenic and antimutagenic effects of bleomycin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 77 ] ] }, { "id": "82203_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 78 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "82203_MESH:D001761_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bleomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001761" } ] }, { "id": "82203_4932_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27043190_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Decoding Polo-like kinase 1 signaling along the kinetochore-centromere axis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 76 ] ] }, { "id": "27043190_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Protein kinase signaling along the kinetochore-centromere axis is crucial to assure mitotic fidelity, yet the details of its spatial coordination are obscure. Here, we examined how pools of human Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) within this axis control signaling events to elicit mitotic functions. To do this, we restricted active Plk1 to discrete subcompartments within the kinetochore-centromere axis using chemical genetics and decoded functional and phosphoproteomic signatures of each. We observe distinct phosphoproteomic and functional roles, suggesting that Plk1 exists and functions in discrete pools along this axis. Deep within the centromere, Plk1 operates to assure proper chromosome alignment and segregation. Thus, Plk1 at the kinetochore is a conglomerate of an observable bulk pool coupled with additional functional pools below the threshold of microscopic detection or resolution. Although complex, this multiplicity of locales provides an opportunity to decouple functional and phosphoproteomic signatures for a comprehensive understanding of Plk1's kinetochore functions." ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 1164 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27043190_5347_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Polo-like kinase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Polo-like kinase 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 806 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] }, { "id": "27043190_5347_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Plk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5347" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25025785_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Physiotherapy in the northern territory." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ] }, { "id": "25025785_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A brief history of health care in the Northern Territory is reviewed to indicate how the present state was derived." ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 156 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23588917_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Conservative approach to isolated cricoid cartilage fracture]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "23588917_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Isolated cricoid fracture is encountered rarely during the clinical follow-up. A 71-year-old female patient was referred to emergency service with complaints of fall from height, and urgent tracheotomy was performed due to dyspnea. During the examination, isolated fractures of the cricoid cartilage were identified. With the conservative approach, the patient remained symptom-free and was discharged after decannulation." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 486 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23588917_MESH:D050724_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cartilage fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050724" } ] }, { "id": "23588917_MESH:D050723_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "23588917_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23588917_MESH:D004417_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004417" } ] }, { "id": "23588917_MESH:D050723_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fractures" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] }, { "id": "23588917_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26706536_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anti-biofilm activity of chitosan gels formulated with silver nanoparticles and their cytotoxic effect on human fibroblasts." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 124 ] ] }, { "id": "26706536_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The development of multi-species biofilms in chronic wounds is a serious health problem that primarily generates strong resistance mechanisms to antimicrobial therapy. The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent has been studied previously. However, their cytotoxic effects limit its use within the medical area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm capacity of chitosan gel formulations loaded with AgNPs, using silver sulfadiazine (SSD) as a standard treatment, on strains of clinical isolates, as well as their cytotoxic effect on human primary fibroblasts. Multi-species biofilm of Staphylococcus aureus oxacillin resistant (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained from a patient with chronic wound infection were carried out using a standard Drip Flow Reactor (DFR) under conditions that mimic the flow of nutrients in the human skin. Anti-biofilm activity of chitosan gels and SSD showed a log-reduction of 6.0 for MRSA when chitosan gel with AgNPs at a concentration of 100 ppm was used, however it was necessary to increase the concentration of the chitosan gel with AgNPs to 1000 ppm to get a log-reduction of 3.3, while the SSD showed a total reduction of both bacteria in comparison with the negative control. The biocompatibility evaluation on primary fibroblasts showed better results when the chitosan gels with AgNPs were tested even in the high concentration, in contrast with SSD, which killed all the primary fibroblasts. In conclusion, chitosan gel formulations loaded with AgNPs effectively prevent the formation of biofilm and kill bacteria in established biofilm, which suggest that chitosan gels with AgNPs could be used for prevention and treatment of infections in chronic wounds. The statistic significance of the biocompatibility of chitosan gel formulations loaded with AgNPs represents an advance; however further research and development are necessary to translate this technology into therapeutic and preventive strategies." ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 2139 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26706536_MESH:D012834_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "silver" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012834" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D012834_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "silver nanoparticles" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012834" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AgNPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D012837_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "silver sulfadiazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012837" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D012837_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SSD" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012837" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 722 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_1280_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Staphylococcus aureus" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 790 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1280" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D010068_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxacillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 800 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010068" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_287_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Pseudomonas aeruginosa" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "287" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 868 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 897 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1116, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_-_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AgNPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1242, 1250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_-_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AgNPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1640, 1648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AgNPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1678, 1683 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D048271_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chitosan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1790, 1798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D048271" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_-_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AgNPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1809, 1814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26706536_MESH:D007239_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 1861, 1871 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19119347_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "What teenagers want: Tips on working with today's youth." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "19119347_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 57 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19471778_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Tension pneumothorax in post-anesthetic care unit: case report.]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "19471778_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The incidence of pneumothorax after penetrating chest trauma is 100%. Tension pneumothorax, a high mortality rate condition, may be triggered, among other causes, by pulmonary injury not previously identified, and may also be associated to mechanical ventilation. This report presents a case of tension pneumothorax diagnosed in the Post-Anesthetic Care Unit (PACU). CASE REPORT: A 34-year-old black male patient, physical status ASA I E, victim of gunshot wound was submitted to explorative laparotomy and right femoral artery and vein exploration under general balanced anesthesia with rapid sequence induction. The patient kept hemodynamically stable throughout the procedure. However, in the PACU patient presented hemodynamic instability with respiratory failure, sweating, tachycardia and hypertension. Chest CT-scan revealed right hemopneumothorax, which was immediately drained. Patient was then transferred to the Intensive Care Unit, where he progressively improved to be discharged from the hospital 22 days later, without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Tension pneumothorax is a fatal condition which may be easily identified through clinical and radiological evaluations. It should be always suspected in the presence of chest trauma and, in this case, immediate chest drainage should be performed prior to mechanical ventilation or any surgical procedure." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 1455 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19471778_MESH:D011030_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tension pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D011030_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D002637_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chest trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002637" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D011030_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tension pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 164, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D055370_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D055370" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D011030_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tension pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 409 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_42528_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PACU" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "42528" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 499, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 719 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_42528_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PACU" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "42528" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D012131_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "respiratory failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 842, 861 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012131" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D013610_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 884 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013610" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D006973_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 889, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D006468_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "right hemopneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 948 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006468" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D011030_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Tension pneumothorax" ], "offsets": [ [ 1151, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011030" } ] }, { "id": "19471778_MESH:D002637_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chest trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002637" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27653076_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Interview: Evaluating the impact of the of the Mais Medicos (More Doctors) Program: how can we measure outcomes?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 112 ] ] }, { "id": "27653076_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 113 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1173011_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Non-specific immunologic reactivity in stroke]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 48 ] ] }, { "id": "1173011_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 49 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1173011_MESH:D020521_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32593139_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Recurrent cardiac arrest in a medical doctor: Role of history taking in today's era of technology." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "32593139_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 99 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32593139_MESH:D006323_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18128315_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The mortality from cancer of the skin and lip in certain occupations." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "18128315_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 70 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18128315_MESH:D003643_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 13 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "18128315_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "18128315_23049_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "lip" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "23049" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12688076_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pain control: did Dr. Lewis cross the line?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] }, { "id": "12688076_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 44 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12688076_MESH:D010146_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11903894_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Social and genetic characteristics of geographically isolated populations in the ant Formica cinerea." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "11903894_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The ant Formica cinerea in northern Europe has geographically isolated populations that were examined using five microsatellite loci. The populations differ widely regarding the social organization of colonies. Based on genetic relatedness (r) among worker nest mates, the populations were classified as M type with monogynous (single queen) colonies (r > 0.59), as P type with polygynous colonial networks (r < 0.1), or as intermediate with weakly polygynous colonies (0.16 < r < 0.47). The social types showed weak geographical clustering, but the overall distribution indicated that the shift between the social types has occurred several times. The geographically isolated populations had slightly reduced levels of genetic diversity compared to populations from areas where the species is abundant and continuously distributed. Many of the isolated populations consisted of monogynous or weakly polygynous colonies, making their effective population sizes small, and some of them also showed weak bottleneck effects. The overall level of microsatellite diversity within populations was relatively high and differentiation among populations low, indicating recent connections. Isolation of populations may thus be a new phenomenon resulting from reduction of suitable habitats. At the local level, we obtained limited support from a group of nearby subpopulations in southern Finland to the hypothesis that the P type is connected to restricted dispersal. Other P type populations did not, however, show similar elevated levels of differentiation." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1653 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11903894_609761_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Formica cinerea" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "609761" } ] }, { "id": "11903894_609761_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Formica cinerea" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "609761" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6759455_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A quantitative in vivo comparison of six contrast agents by digital subtraction angiography." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "6759455_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) technology can now visualize many significant arterial structures from intravenous injections of contrast media. Image quality of these DSA studies is related to contrast agent enhancement. This study compares contrast agents of differing iodine concentration, viscosity, and osmolarity. A technique is described that utilizes a scanned projection digital radiographic system to compare quantitatively degrees of intra-arterial opacification after the administration of six intravenous contrast agents: iothalamate (at four different concentrations and in combinations with two different cations), diatrizoate, and ioxaglate. The quantitative arterial enhancement was compared in dogs utilizing an extra-period latin-square multiple change-over clinical trial design. The contrast agents span a range of organically bound iodine from 282 mg I/ml. When rate and volume of contrast agent injected are held constant, intra-arterial opacification is directly a function of the iodine concentration (mg I/ml) of the agent injected, while osmolarity and viscosity have no effect on opacification. These studies support the use of agents with high iodine concentration for maximum vascular visualization." ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 1328 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007455_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007483_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iothalamate" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 645 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007483" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D003973_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "diatrizoate" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 740 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003973" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007485_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ioxaglate" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007485" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_9615_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dogs" ], "offsets": [ [ 811, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007455_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007455_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] }, { "id": "6759455_MESH:D007455_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iodine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007455" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25404524_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Active and sedentary behaviours in children aged 7 to 10 years old: the urban and rural contexts, Brazil." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "25404524_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Although the effects of physical activity (PA) on health and wellness are well-established, incorporating sedentary behaviours in the daily lives of populations from high- and medium-income countries is becoming increasingly common. Regardless of other factors, the area of residence can influence the physical activity level and sedentary behaviours. The aim of this study was to identify and analyse active and sedentary behaviours and factors associated with physical activity in two different geographical areas in south-eastern Brazil. METHODS: 1.770 schoolchildren aged 7-10 years old were studied. Parents or caregivers completed a validated questionnaire on PA and sedentary behaviours. Screen time (ST) was calculated from the time spent watching television, playing video games and using the computer. The level of active PA (>300 minutes per week) was identified and compared between the areas of study. Parametric and non-parametric tests and Poisson regression model with robust variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Compared to schoolchildren from the urban area, those from the rural area showed a higher percentage of compliance with the PA recommendations (87 vs. 69.7%) and screen time <2 h (34.8 vs. 18.8%) and less participation in supervised PA. Active commuting to school was more common among schoolchildren from urban areas, although using a bicycle was more common in rural areas. The characteristics of children who do not meet the recommended weekly PA are as follows: being female, living in urban areas, being overweight, not using video games or performing supervised PA. Total ST as well as daily use of television and the computer was not associated with physical activity level in the present sample. Participation in supervised physical activities in both areas was found to increase the prevalence of being active in the areas studied. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that while schoolchildren from rural areas are more active and spend less time on sedentary activities than those from the urban area, the time spent in sedentary behaviors, such as watching television, playing video games and using the computer, is high in both contexts, and it is not associated with physical activity recommendation compliance." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 2406 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25404524_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25404524_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1563, 1571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15516151_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Medication overuse headache from antimigraine therapy: clinical features, pathogenesis and management." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "15516151_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Medication overuse headache (MOH) is being recognised more often in headache, neurology and primary care clinics, but is still frequently overlooked. The most significant factor in the development of MOH is the lack of widespread awareness and understanding on the part of clinicians and patients. While the diagnosis of MOH may be suspected clinically, it can only be confirmed in retrospect. Diagnosis may take > or =3 months because of the need for prolonged observation after cessation of medication. Diagnosis must be based on observation of patterns of headaches and medication use, remembering that MOH is only seen in patients with migraine and not in those without. MOH should be viewed as an entity that is caused or propagated by frequently used medication taken for headache symptomatic relief. Because of easy availability and low expense, the greatest problem appears to be associated with barbiturate-containing combination analgesics and over-the-counter caffeine-containing combination analgesics. Even though triptan overuse headache is not encountered with great frequency, all triptans should be considered potential inducers of MOH. There are several different theories regarding the aetiology of MOH, including: (i) central sensitisation from repetitive activation of nociceptive pathways; (ii) a direct effect of the medication on the capacity of the brain to inhibit pain; (iii) a decrease in blood serotonin due to repetitive medication administration with attendant upregulation of serotonin receptors; (iv) cellular adaptation in the brain; and (v) changes in the periaqueductal grey matter. The principal approach to management of MOH is built around cessation of overused medication. Without discontinuation of the offending medication, improvement is almost impossible to attain. A three-step approach to treating patients with analgesic rebound headaches includes: (i) a bridging or transition programme; (ii) nonpharmacological measures; and (iii) prophylactic medication started early in the course of treatment (after offending medication is successfully discontinued). The best management advice is to raise awareness and strive for prevention. Prophylactic medications should be initiated for patients having > or =2 headache days per week. Anticipatory medication use should be discouraged and migraine-specific therapy should be considered as early as possible in the natural history of patients' headaches. Reduction in headache risk factors should include behavioural modification approaches to headache control earlier in the natural history of migraine." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 2698 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "antimigraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 130 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headaches" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D008881_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008881" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:C032232_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "barbiturate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C032232" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D002110_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002110" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D014363_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1130, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014363" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D051271_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "overuse headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051271" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D014363_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "triptans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1200, 1208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014363" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D010146_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1498 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D012701_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "serotonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D012701_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "serotonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012701" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1947, 1955 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headaches" ], "offsets": [ [ 1979, 1988 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2332, 2340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 2356, 2364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D008881_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2434, 2442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008881" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2528, 2536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headaches" ], "offsets": [ [ 2538, 2547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 2562, 2570 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D006261_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "headache" ], "offsets": [ [ 2638, 2646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006261" } ] }, { "id": "15516151_MESH:D008881_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2689, 2697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008881" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23824103_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Protocol-based image-guided salvage brachytherapy. Early results in patients with local failure of prostate cancer after radiation therapy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 139 ] ] }, { "id": "23824103_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: To assess the overall clinical outcome of protocol-based image-guided salvage pulsed-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy failure particularly regarding feasibility and side effects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighteen consecutive patients with locally recurrent prostate cancer (median age, 69 years) were treated during 2005-2011 with interstitial PDR brachytherapy (PDR-BT) as salvage brachytherapy after radiotherapy failure. The treatment schedule was PDR-BT two times with 30 Gy (pulse dose 0.6 Gy/h, 24 h per day) corresponding to a total dose of 60 Gy. Dose volume adaptation was performed with the aim of optimal coverage of the whole prostate (V100 > 95 %) simultaneously respecting the protocol-based dose volume constraints for the urethra (D0.1 cc < 130 %) and the rectum (D2 cc < 50-60 %) taking into account the previous radiation therapy. Local relapse after radiotherapy (external beam irradiation, brachytherapy with J-125 seeds or combination) was confirmed mostly via choline-PET and increased PSA levels. The primary endpoint was treatment-related late toxicities--particularly proctitis, anal incontinence, cystitis, urinary incontinence, urinary frequency/urgency, and urinary retention according to the Common Toxicity Criteria. The secondary endpoint was PSA-recurrence-free survival. RESULTS: We registered urinary toxicities only. Grade 2 and grade 3 toxicities were observed in up to 11.1 % (2/18) and 16.7 % (3/18) of patients, respectively. The most frequent late-event grade 3 toxicity was urinary retention in 17 % (3/18) of patients. No late gastrointestinal side effects occurred. The biochemical PSA-recurrence-free survival probability at 3 years was 57.1 %. The overall survival at 3 years was 88.9 %; 22 % (4/18) of patients developed metastases. The median follow-up time for all patients after salvage BT was 21 months (range, 8-77 months). CONCLUSION: Salvage PDR-brachytherapy of the prostate following local failure after radiation therapy is a treatment option with a low rate of genitourinary side effects and no late gastrointestinal side effects. The treatment efficacy in the first 3 years is promising." ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 2339 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23824103_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D011471_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "local failure of prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D011471_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 295 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENTS" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D011471_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 451, 466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011471" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D002794_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "choline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002794" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D064420_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1262, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D014549_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "incontinence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1303, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014549" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D003556_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cystitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003556" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D014549_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "urinary incontinence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014549" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D064420_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1422, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D064420_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1529, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D064420_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1566, 1576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1635, 1643 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D064420_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1696, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1745, 1753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1942, 1950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_MESH:D009362_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1961, 1971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] }, { "id": "23824103_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2007, 2015 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4330878_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Oat cell carcinoma and bronchial carcinoid]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "4330878_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 46 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4330878_MESH:D001984_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma and bronchial carcinoid" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001984" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10949032_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Essential role of p38alpha MAP kinase in placental but not embryonic cardiovascular development." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 96 ] ] }, { "id": "10949032_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "p38alpha MAP kinase is activated in response to many cellular stresses and also regulates the differentiation and/or survival of various cell types in vitro, including skeletal muscle cells and cardiomyocytes. Here we show that targeted inactivation of the mouse p38alpha gene results in embryonic lethality at midgestation correlating with a massive reduction of the myocardium and malformation of blood vessels in the head region. However, this defect appears to be secondary to insufficient oxygen and nutrient transfer across the placenta. When the placental defect was rescued, p38alpha(-/-) embryos developed to term and were normal in appearance. Our results indicate that p38alpha is required for placental organogenesis but is not essential for other aspects of mammalian embryonic development." ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 900 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10949032_1432_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p38alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1432" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_1432_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p38alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1432" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_26416_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p38alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26416" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_MESH:D020964_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "embryonic lethality" ], "offsets": [ [ 385, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020964" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_MESH:D010100_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_26416_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p38alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "26416" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_1432_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p38alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1432" } ] }, { "id": "10949032_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 877 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24261145_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "International Academy of Compounding Pharmacists. Legislative/regulatory update. Preserving patient access--compounders on Capitol Hill 2013!" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 141 ] ] }, { "id": "24261145_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 142 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24261145_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8442686_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Dipyridamole thallium imaging in patients being considered for vascular procedures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 83 ] ] }, { "id": "8442686_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We routinely performed intravenous dipyridamole thallium imaging and resting radionuclide ventriculography on 190 patients being considered for elective vascular procedures. Patients with thallium redistribution underwent coronary arteriography. Patients in group 1 (n = 78) had clinical evidence of coronary artery disease, and patients in group 2 (n = 112) had no history or electrocardiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. The frequency of thallium redistribution was not significantly different in the two groups (45% in group 1 and 46% in group 2). Coronary arteriography identified severe three-vessel or left main disease in eight patients (10%) in group 1 and 16 patients (14%) in group 2. Selection of patients for dipyridamole thallium imaging prior to vascular reconstruction should be based on whether or not documentation of the extent of coronary artery disease would influence therapy rather than on clinical indicators of coronary disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 1048 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8442686_MESH:D004176_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004176" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D013793_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013793" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D004176_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004176" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D013793_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013793" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D013793_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013793" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 330, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D003324_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 413, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D003324_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 517 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D013793_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 544 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013793" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 731, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D004176_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 817, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004176" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D013793_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "thallium" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 838 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013793" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D003324_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 968 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "8442686_MESH:D003324_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "coronary disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25045446_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Prostate volume measurement by transrectal ultrasonography: comparison of height obtained by use of transaxial and midsagittal scanning." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "25045446_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare prostate volume measured by transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) between transaxial scanning and midsagittal scanning. We tried to determine which method is superior. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 968 patients who underwent TRUS for diagnosis of any diseases related to the prostate were included in this study. When measuring prostate volume by TRUS, we conducted the measurements two ways at the same time in all patients: by use of height obtained by transaxial scanning and by use of height obtained by midsagittal scanning. Prostate volume was calculated by using the ellipsoid formula ([heightxlengthxwidth]xpi/6). RESULTS: For prostate volume measured by TRUS, a paired t-test revealed a significant difference between using height obtained by transaxial scanning and that obtained by midsagittal scanning in all patients (28.5+-10.1 g vs. 28.7+-9.9 g, respectively, p=0.004). However, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of prostate volume more than 20 g (known benign prostatic enlargement [BPE]) between the two methods by chi-square test (90.5% [n=876], 90.8% [n=879], respectively; p=0.876). When analyzed in the same way, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of prostate volume more than 30 g (generally, high-risk BPE) between the two methods (34.5% [n=334], 36.3% [n=351], respectively; p=0.447). CONCLUSIONS: Although prostate volume by TRUS differed according to the method used to measure height, that is, transaxial or midsagittal scanning, we conclude that there are no problems in diagnosing BPE clinically by use of either of the two methods." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1792 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25045446_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25045446_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25045446_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25045446_MESH:D011472_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "prostatic enlargement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011472" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15252325_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis is a pancreatic lesion of IgG4-related systemic disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "15252325_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 99 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15252325_MESH:D010195_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] }, { "id": "15252325_MESH:D010195_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pancreatic lesion" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010195" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "281801_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of unilateral sympathectomy on the ocular response of the rabbit eye to laser irradiation of the iris." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "281801_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 110 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29744423_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "3D additive-manufactured nanocomposite magnetic scaffolds: Effect of the application mode of a time-dependent magnetic field on hMSCs behavior." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 143 ] ] }, { "id": "29744423_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Over the past few years, the influence of static or dynamic magnetic fields on biological systems has become a topic of considerable interest. Magnetism has recently been implicated to play significant roles in the regulation of cell responses and, for this reason, it is revolutionizing many aspects of healthcare, also suggesting new opportunities in tissue engineering. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of the application mode of a time-dependent magnetic field on the behavior of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) seeded on 3D additive-manufactured poly(e-caprolactone)/iron-doped hydroxyapatite (PCL/FeHA) nanocomposite scaffolds." ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 804 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29744423_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 655 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29744423_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "poly(e-caprolactone)" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29744423_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron-doped hydroxyapatite" ], "offsets": [ [ 743, 768 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "29744423_MESH:D008209_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 773 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008209" } ] }, { "id": "29744423_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "FeHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34568542_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The importance of side branch preservation in the treatment of chronic total occlusions with bifurcation lesions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "34568542_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the predictive factors for suboptimal result in side branch (SB) in chronic total occlusion (CTO) bifurcation lesions and clinical outcomes of patients with suboptimal result in SB. Background: There is little evidence on the optimal strategy for bifurcation lesions in CTO. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 314 consecutive bifurcation lesions in CTO with SB >= 2.5 mm in 3 hospitals from March 2010 to June 2018. Patients were divided into the two groups based on the suboptimal SB treatment (SST) and optimal SB treatment (OST) groups. The baseline characteristics, procedural and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups. This study also evaluated the predictors of suboptimal result in SB. Results: Suboptimal result in SB occurred in 47 cases. Presence of stenosis in SB, bifurcations located within the occluded segment and sub-intimal tracking at SB ostium was an independent predictor of suboptimal result in SB. The cumulative incidence of target lesion revascularization (TLR) in all lesions was not significantly different between the two groups, however, TLR in right coronary artery (RCA) was significantly higher in the SST group. In the Cox regression analysis, suboptimal result in SB in RCA and sub-intimal tracking were independent predictors of TLR for MB. In patients with bifurcations located within the occluded segment, usage of two-stent technique was significantly lower in the SST group. Conclusions: Meticulous procedures are required for SB preservation to improve not only SB prognosis but also MB, especially in RCA." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 1728 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34568542_MESH:C535338_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic total occlusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535338" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_MESH:C535338_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CTO" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535338" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_MESH:C535338_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CTO" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535338" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_MESH:C535338_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CTO" ], "offsets": [ [ 515, 518 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535338" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_MESH:D003251_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stenosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003251" } ] }, { "id": "34568542_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1461, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1553594_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Suppression of proteoglycan synthesis in chondrocyte cultures derived from canine intervertebral disc." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 102 ] ] }, { "id": "1553594_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Chondrocytes were dissociated enzymatically from canine nucleus pulposus. After attaining monolayer growth, the cells were subpassaged and incubated with sodium salicylate, indomethacin, or sodium meclofenamate (10(-2) M to 3 x 10(-6) M). When incubated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug concentrations mimicking therapeutic plasma levels, proteoglycan synthesis was significantly suppressed. After 24 hours of incubation, there was a 15% decrease in radioactive sulfate (35SO4) incorporation for salicylate (10(-3) M), a 29% decrease for indomethacin (3 x 10(-6) M), and a 75% decrease for sodium meclofenamate (10(-5) M). This inhibition was both dose- and time-dependent. Despite the effect of these nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on quantitative proteoglycan synthesis, there was no demonstrable effect of these drugs on the size of proteoglycan monomers or the degree to which proteoglycan aggregate formation occurred." ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 1040 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1553594_9615_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "canine" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_9615_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "canine" ], "offsets": [ [ 152, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D012980_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium salicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012980" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D007213_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007213" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D008469_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium meclofenamate" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008469" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "radioactive sulfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 580 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "35SO4" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D012459_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "salicylate" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 617 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012459" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D007213_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007213" } ] }, { "id": "1553594_MESH:D008469_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium meclofenamate" ], "offsets": [ [ 701, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008469" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32297885_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Visible light induced 3-position-selective addition of arylpropiolic acids with ethers via C(sp3)-H functionalization." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 118 ] ] }, { "id": "32297885_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Although the 2-position-selective decarboxylative coupling or addition of arylpropiolic acids with cyclic ethers has been intensively investigated, selective functionalization of arylpropiolic acids at the 3-position is still a big challenge. Herein, an intriguing and mild method for visible light induced regioselective addition of arylpropiolic acids by attacking exclusively at the 3-position with cyclic/acyclic ethers was developed. A variety of 3,3-bis-substituted acrylic acids were successfully obtained in moderate to excellent yields. A plausible reaction mechanism involving an energy transfer induced radical addition in the presence of visible light and photocatalyst was proposed." ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 814 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32297885_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arylpropiolic acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_MESH:D004987_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethers" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 86 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004987" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_488135_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C(sp3)-H" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "488135" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arylpropiolic acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_MESH:D004988_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclic ethers" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004988" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arylpropiolic acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "arylpropiolic acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclic/acyclic ethers" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "32297885_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "3,3-bis-substituted acrylic acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28891559_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Immune homeostasis: Regulatory ILCs don't rely on FOXP3." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "28891559_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 57 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28891559_50943_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FOXP3" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "50943" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16804163_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "On the enhancement of anti-neurotoxin antibody production by subcomponents HA1 and HA3b of Clostridium botulinum type B 16S toxin-haemagglutinin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 145 ] ] }, { "id": "16804163_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 146 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16804163_1491_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Clostridium botulinum" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1491" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10007494_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Measures of ionicity of alkaline-earth oxides from the analysis of ab initio cluster wave functions." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "10007494_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 101 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10007494_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alkaline-earth oxides" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31047666_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Automated chromatographic method with fluorescent detection to determine biogenic amines and amino acids. Application to craft beer brewing process." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] }, { "id": "31047666_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The combined determination of biogenic amines and amino acids is a challenge for food scientists. In this research, a new methodology for the automatic on-line precolumn derivatization and determination of 8 biogenic amines and 9 precursor amino acids by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography with fluorescent detection has been developed. The method derivatized the analytes with o-phthaldialdehyde and achieved the separation of the 17 derivatives in less than 15 min, obtaining good quality parameters (limits of detection varied between 7.00 and 210 mug L-1, and RSD intraday ranged between 1.5 and 6.0%). The optimization of the derivatization procedure has been carried out employing an experimental design and the Surface Response Methodology. The method has been validated and applied to wine and beer, obtaining good recuperation percentages (72.3-138.4%). Also, samples collected during the fermentation of a craft beer, as well as a bottled sample of the same batch, have been analyzed, to monitor the changes in the profile of biogenic amines and amino acids." ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 1227 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31047666_MESH:D000588_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] }, { "id": "31047666_MESH:D000588_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] }, { "id": "31047666_MESH:D000588_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] }, { "id": "31047666_MESH:D009764_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "o-phthaldialdehyde" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 555 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009764" } ] }, { "id": "31047666_MESH:D000588_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "amines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000588" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35717536_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lymph node metastasis fuels systemic disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 45 ] ] }, { "id": "35717536_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The functional impact of lymph node (LN) metastasis on systemic tumor progression has been a controversial question for decades. In their recent paper published in Cell, Reticker-Flynn et al. demonstrate that sequential evasion of natural killer (NK) cell control and interferon (IFN)-dependent epigenetic adaptation enhances the probability of LN metastasis. Further, they show that, once formed, LN metastases expand systemic peripheral tolerance and promote distant organ metastasis." ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 532 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35717536_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35717536_MESH:D009362_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009362" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3425153_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Measuring screening skills in gynecologic cytology. Results of voluntary self-assessment." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "3425153_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "When the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act (CLIA) was passed in 1967, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) became interested in evaluating screening performance in cytodiagnosis. Finding no validated performance measurement methods that could be used on a national scale, the CDC initiated a program of sequential investigations to develop information that would describe the state of the art in microscopic performance in gynecologic cytopathology. The first of these experiments developed a method, the Self-Assessment Workshop, to measure performance at the microscope by using sets of glass slides. This paper describes the method, its validation process and participant performance over a 15-year period. Study results indicated that cytotechnologists and pathologists tended to correctly identify specimens (slides) in the negative and benign reaction categories in up to 95% of responses, but on slides of dysplasia they made 12% of their calls too low. Carcinomas in situ and invasive squamous cancers were undercalled in only about 5% of responses, but endometrial adenocarcinomas and other rare malignancies were undercalled in as much as 20%. The self-assessment technique is a practical, useful tool for identifying cytology personnel with serious deficiencies in cell location/identification skills and is well accepted by cytotechnologists and pathologists. However its limitations should be kept in mind: screening results from this simulated test should not be extrapolated to routine work performance; the screening time limit of five minutes per slide may adversely affect performance; and, finally, these results may reflect state-of-the-art performance only in voluntary, not mandatory, settings." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 1809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3425153_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participant" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3425153_MESH:C536170_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dysplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1006, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536170" } ] }, { "id": "3425153_MESH:D002278_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Carcinomas in situ" ], "offsets": [ [ 1054, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002278" } ] }, { "id": "3425153_MESH:D002294_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "invasive squamous cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002294" } ] }, { "id": "3425153_MESH:D016889_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endometrial adenocarcinomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1155, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016889" } ] }, { "id": "3425153_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1198, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36226934_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Choix therapeutiques des hypertendus et diabetiques en milieu rural : Une etude mixte dans deux zones de sante de l'Est de la Republique Democratique du Congo]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 161 ] ] }, { "id": "36226934_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Therapeutic choices of hypertensive and diabetics in rural areas: A mixed study in two health zones in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo. BACKGROUND: One third of patients in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) do not use the formal health system to access healthcare. AIM: In this manuscript we analyse the therapeutic decisions of hypertensive and diabetic patients in rural eastern DRC and the reasons for these decisions. SETTING: The study was conduct in two health zones (HZ) in South Kivu (Bagira and Walungu), DRC. METHODS: A mixed-methods convergent study was conducted from November 2018 to December 2018. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire and qualitative data were collected using focus groups. The quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and a Fischer exact test, while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Out of 382 subjects declaring a chronic pathology, hypertensives and diabetics represented 21.5% and 7.9%, respectively. Health facilities were the first therapeutic choice of the chronically affected persons. The alternative therapeutic choices found were the use of prayer rooms, consultation with traditional healers and self-medication. Poverty, ignorance, the pharmaceutical business, and the socio-cultural dimension of the disease are the main causes of alternative therapeutic choices for hypertensives and diabetics. CONCLUSION: To ensure appropriate care for patients with chronic diseases in rural areas, it is important to establish a bridge of regulated collaboration between the formal and informal health sector." ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 1796 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36226934_MESH:D006973_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D003920_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D006973_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 509, 521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D003920_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 526, 534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D006973_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1133 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D003920_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "persons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D006973_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertensives" ], "offsets": [ [ 1566, 1579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D003920_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1638, 1646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "36226934_MESH:D002908_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 1652, 1668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002908" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12187634_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Quantitative evaluation of functional mitral insufficiency in dilated cardiomyopathy: morphological and functional correlations]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 130 ] ] }, { "id": "12187634_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Angiography and echo-color Doppler imaging are routinely used for the semiquantitative grading of functional mitral regurgitation (MR) in dilated cardiomyopathy. However, in case of severe regurgitation the results obtained using these two methods are discrepant. We propose quantitative echocardiographic evaluation and the related morphological parameters of remodeling of the ventricular and mitral apparatuses for the estimate of severe regurgitation. METHODS: Fifty-two patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and functional MR (28 males, 24 females, ejection fraction < or = 40%) were evaluated by means of echocardiography for a total of 73 echocardiograms (basal and 21 at the sixth month). The echo measurements included the left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, ejection fraction, area jet/left atrial area, diastolic and systolic mitral annulus areas and fractional contraction (MAC, %), systolic tenting area (TA, cm2, area enclosed between the annular plane and mitral leaflets), systolic tethering length (TL, cm, papillary tips and intervalvular fibrosa distance); quantitative Doppler (using the mitral and aortic stroke volumes) and PISA methods were averaged to calculate the regurgitant volume (RV, ml/beat), regurgitant fraction (RF, %), and effective regurgitant orifice (ERO, mm2). RESULTS: The strongest correlation with ERO, RV and RF was obtained with systolic TA (beta = 0.40, 0.67 and 0.60; SE 1.68, 1.56 and 1.38; p = 0.01, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively) and MAC (beta = -0.33, -0.61 and -0.61; SE 0.31, 0.31 and 1.49; p = 0.03, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0001, respectively). We did not find any correlation with ejection fraction (p = NS). The following values were found to be indicative of severe functional MR: ERO > or = 40 mm2, RV > or = 49 ml/beat, RF > or = 57%, MAC < or = 12.5%, TA > or = 7.7 cm2, and TL > or = 4.7 cm. CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any significant correlation between the quantitative functional MR echo parameters and systolic dysfunction. The major determinants of ERO, RV and RF were the loss of MAC and larger systolic TAs. These parameters are significantly proportional to the severity of functional MR as assessed by the semiquantitative criteria commonly adopted in the clinical practice. We propose the values of ERO, RV, RF, TA, MAC and TL as indicative of severe functional MR." ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 2507 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mitral insufficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D002311_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dilated cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002311" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional mitral regurgitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D002311_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dilated cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 303 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002311" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D002311_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "dilated cardiomyopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 654 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002311" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 659, 672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D054143_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systolic mitral annulus" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054143" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D020521_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aortic stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1282, 1295 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1892, 1905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2104, 2117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D006331_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systolic dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 2138, 2158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2314, 2327 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] }, { "id": "12187634_MESH:D008944_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "functional MR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2493, 2506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008944" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25985877_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Genetic testing of leiomyoma tissue in women younger than 30 years old might provide an effective screening approach for the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome (HLRCC)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 190 ] ] }, { "id": "25985877_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We have studied the viability of targeted molecular screening for the identification of female patients with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome. Affected patients harbor a germ-line heterozygous mutation of the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. Clinically, some patients present with aggressive renal cell carcinoma. Concerning women, in almost all cases, this is preceded by symptomatic uterine leiomyoma. We aimed to identify women operated on for symptomatic leiomyoma by the age of 30. Archived paraffin-embedded leiomyoma tissue was tested for the FH gene mutation in 14 cases. Two patients with multiple leiomyomas and with the confirmed germ-line mutations c.1433_1434dupAAA, p.(Lys477dup) and c.953A>T, p.(His318Leu) were identified and enrolled in a surveillance program. Statistically significant correlation between the presence of multiple uterine leiomyomas (more than seven in our experience) and the FH gene mutation was found. The immunohistochemical expression pattern, of simultaneous FH absence and S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) positivity, correlated with the results of the molecular genetic study in only one case. The histomorphologically simultaneous detection of enlarged nucleoli with a clear halo of leiomyocyte nuclei, their fibrillary cytoplasm, the presence of eosinophilic globules, and staghorn vessels proved to be only a partially sensitive indicator of HLRCC-associated leiomyoma and fully correlated with immunohistochemistry and molecular genetic study only in one case. Molecular genetic testing is presently the only reliable diagnostic tool able to identify HLRCC patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the presence of multiple leiomyomas in women with the FH gene mutation who are younger than 30 years old should be confirmed in larger scale studies. The applied targeted molecular screening protocol proved to be effective, resulting in identification of two positive patients out of fourteen tested individuals." ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 2176 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyoma tissue" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C535516_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535516" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C535516_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HLRCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535516" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C535516_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535516" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fumarate hydratase" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 450 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FH" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C538614_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggressive renal cell carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 532 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538614" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 650 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D010232_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "paraffin" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010232" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 743 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FH" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 827, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_tmVar:p|DUP|1433_1434|K|;HGVS:p.1433_1434dupK;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:2271_20", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "c.1433_1434dupAAA" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|DUP|1433_1434|K|;HGVS:p.1433_1434dupK;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_tmVar:p|DUP|477|)|;HGVS:p.477dup);VariantGroup:2;CorrespondingGene:2271_21", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "p.(Lys477dup)" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|DUP|477|)|;HGVS:p.477dup);VariantGroup:2;CorrespondingGene:2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_tmVar:c|SUB|A|953|T;HGVS:c.953A>T;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:2271;RS#:755449276;CA#:1478568_22", "type": "DNAMutation", "text": [ "c.953A>T" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 926 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:c|SUB|A|953|T;HGVS:c.953A>T;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:2271;RS#:755449276;CA#:1478568" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_tmVar:p|SUB|H|318|L;HGVS:p.H318L;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:2271;RS#:755449276;CA#:1478568_23", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "p.(His318Leu)" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|H|318|L;HGVS:p.H318L;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:2271;RS#:755449276;CA#:1478568" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1077, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1132, 1134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1222 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C511650_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "S-(2-succino)cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C511650" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C511650_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2SC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1258, 1261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C511650" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C535516_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HLRCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535516" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1620, 1629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:C535516_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HLRCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1818 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C535516" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1819, 1827 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_MESH:D007889_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leiomyomas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1899 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007889" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1903, 1908 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_2271_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1918, 1920 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2271" } ] }, { "id": "25985877_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2132, 2140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15753379_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Iterative microarray and RNA interference-based interrogation of the SRC-induced invasive phenotype." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "15753379_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Src kinase has long been recognized as a factor in the progression of colorectal cancer and seems to play a specific role in the development of the metastatic phenotype. In spite of numerous studies conducted to elucidate the exact role of Src in cancer progression, downstream targets of Src remain poorly understood. Gene expression profiling has permitted the identification of large sets of genes that may be functionally interrelated but it is often unclear as to which molecular pathways they belong. Here we have developed an iterative approach to experimentally reconstruct a network of gene activity regulated by Src and contributing to the invasive phenotype. Our strategy uses a combination of phenotypic anchoring of gene expression profiles and loss-of-function screening by way of RNA-mediated interference. Using a panel of human colon cancer cell lines exhibiting differential Src-specific activity and invasivity, we identify the first two levels of gene transcription responsible for the invasive phenotype, where first-tier genes are controlled by Src activity and the second-tier genes are under the influence of the first tier. Specifically, perturbation of first-tier gene activity by either pharmacologic inhibition of Src or RNA-mediated interference-directed knockdown leads to a loss of invasivity and decline of second-tier gene activity. The targeting of first-tier genes may be bypassed altogether because knockdown of second-tier genes led to a similar loss of invasive potential. In this manner, numerous members of a \"transcriptional cascade\" pathway for metastatic activity have been identified and functionally validated." ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 1756 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15753379_6714_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SRC" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_MESH:D015179_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colorectal cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 171, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_MESH:D009369_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 390, 393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_MESH:D015179_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 958 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015179" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 997 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 1168, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_6714_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Src" ], "offsets": [ [ 1343, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6714" } ] }, { "id": "15753379_MESH:D009361_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "loss of invasivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1406, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009361" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9333109_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Endogenous angiotensin II does not contribute to sympathetic venoconstriction in dorsal hand veins of healthy humans." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "9333109_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Sympathetically mediated venoconstriction is augmented by exogenously administered angiotensin II. This study was designed to assess whether endogenous angiotensin II influences sympathetically mediated venous tone. METHODS: Responses of dorsal hand veins to local intravenous administration of subsystemic doses of losartan, an angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonist, were assessed with use of a well-validated displacement technique in eight healthy male volunteers. In a four-phase study, responses to local infusions of angiotensin II (4 to 64 ng/min) and norepinephrine (1 to 128 ng/min) or to sympathetic venoconstriction produced by a single deep breath were compared in the presence of either saline placebo or 30 microg/min losartan. Each phase of the study was conducted on a separate day, in random order, and each phase was separated by at least 1 week. RESULTS: Angiotensin II (p = 0.03) and norepinephrine (p < 0.001) caused dose-dependent venoconstriction. Losartan attenuated the venoconstriction induced by angiotensin II (p = 0.048) but had no effect on the responses to norepinephrine or the venoconstriction induced by a single deep breath. CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to exogenously administered angiotensin II, basal endogenous angiotensin II does not influence sympathetically mediated venoconstriction in healthy humans. However, endogenous angiotensin II may have a role in circumstances of renin-angiotensin system activation, such as salt depletion." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1606 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9333109_183_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 25 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D019808_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D009638_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 707 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D004417_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deep breath" ], "offsets": [ [ 782, 793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004417" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D019808_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D009638_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D019808_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Losartan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1105, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019808" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D009638_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "norepinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009638" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_MESH:D004417_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deep breath" ], "offsets": [ [ 1281, 1292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004417" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "humans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1467, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9333109_183_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "angiotensin II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1495, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "183" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18740431_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "CERVICITIS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS TREATMENT." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "18740431_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18740431_MESH:D002575_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CERVICITIS" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002575" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29331690_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of depressive symptoms on the evolution of neuropsychological functions over the course of adolescence." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "29331690_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "INTRODUCTION: Comprehensive understanding of the association between depression and neuropsychological functioning over the course of adolescence requires developmentally sensitive assessment through longitudinal data. The aim of current study is to examine the concurrent and subsequent effects of depressive symptoms on the initial level and evolution of four neuropsychological functioning domains (i.e., spatial working memory, delayed recall memory, perceptual reasoning, and inhibitory control). METHOD: Depressive symptoms and neuropsychological functioning were assessed over the course of four years in a sample of 3826 Canadian adolescents. A series of multilevel models estimated the between-person, within-person, and lagged within-person effects of depressive symptoms on each domain of neuropsychological functioning. RESULTS: Findings suggest that current year and past year depressive symptoms were associated with poorer performance in delayed recall memory and perceptual reasoning tasks. Likewise, past year depressive symptoms were associated with poorer spatial working memory performance. These detrimental effects were stronger in early adolescence. LIMITATIONS: The current study examined the presence of sub-clinical depressive symptoms but not clinical depression. Moreover, although depressive symptoms and neuropsychological functions were assessed using widely used, valid, and reliable computer-based instruments, the results may not match the accuracy of clinician-based assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Our results underline the necessity of early intervention for young adolescents to decrease the harms associated with depression. The effect of early-onset depression on the underlying neural substrates of neuropsychological functioning merits further investigation." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 1905 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 180, 190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 429 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D008569_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "recall memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008569" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D008569_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "recall memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008569" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depressive symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1757, 1767 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "29331690_MESH:D000275_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1795, 1805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30621814_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Drug resistance in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in South Korea: comparison with pulmonary tuberculosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "30621814_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of and trends in drug resistance in extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) and pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS: We retrospectively analysed the results of phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) in culture-confirmed TB patients from January 2010 to December 2014 at seven university hospitals in South Korea. RESULTS: Of 5599 patients included, 320 (5.7%) were classified in the EPTB group and 5279 (94.3%) in the PTB group. The proportion of EPTB among all TB cases had gradually increased from 2010 to 2014 (P = 0.004). Among both new and previously treated patients, there were no significant differences in rates of resistance to any kind of anti-tuberculosis drug between the EPTB and PTB groups. The trends in drug resistance rates among new patients were similar in both the EPTB and PTB groups. The rates of multidrug-resistant TB among new patients gradually decreased in both groups (P = 0.031 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of and trends in drug resistance among new patients are not significantly different between patients with EPTB and those with PTB." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 1240 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D013725_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013725" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014376_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tuberculosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014376" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EPTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 834 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 842 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 897, 905 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "EPTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 935 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 943 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D013725_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 985, 987 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013725" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 998, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30621814_MESH:D014397_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PTB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014397" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8898898_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Affinity labeling of Escherichia coli histidyl-tRNA synthetase with reactive ATP analogues. Identification of labeled amino acid residues by matrix assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 203 ] ] }, { "id": "8898898_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Recent affinity labeling studies have revealed that dimeric histidyl-tRNA synthetase from Escherichia coli displayed half-of-the-sites reactivity toward labeling with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate [Kalogerakos, T., Hountondji, C., Berne, P. F., Dutka, S. & Blanquet, S. (1994) Biochimie (Paris) 76, 33-44]. In the present report, affinity labeling studies were conducted by using other ATP analogues such as pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine (pyridoxal-ppAdo), pyridoxal 5'-triphospho-5'-adenosine (pyridoxal-pppAdo), pyridoxal 5'-diphosphate (pyridoxal-P2) and 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyladenosine (FSO2BzAdo). The histidine-dependent isotopic [32P]PP/ATP exchange activity of His-tRNA synthetase was rapidly and completely lost upon incubation with either pyridoxal-ppAdo, pyridoxal-pppAdo or pyridoxal-P2, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. Complete inactivation of His-tRNA synthetase corresponded to the incorporation of 2.8 mol of either pyridoxal-ppAdo or pyridoxal-P2/mol dimeric synthetase. Incubation of His-tRNA synthetase with FSO2BzAdo also resulted in a complete inactivation of the synthetase. However, contrasting with the pyridoxal derivatives, the plot of the residual enzymatic activity against the amount of covalently bound FSO2BzAdo appeared biphasic. In the early stages of inactivation, the relationship between the amount of residual activity and FSO2BzAdo incorporation was linear and extrapolated to a stoichiometry of 1.1 mol reagent/mol His-tRNA synthetase, suggesting that the labeling of one subunit was sufficient to inactivate one dimeric His-tRNA synthetase molecule. At longer incubation periods, additional reagent incorporation occurred and culminated at 2.5 mol label/mol His-tRNA synthetase. Excess of MgATP protected the enzyme against inactivation by either studied reagent. The labeled amino acid residues were identified by matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionization mass spectrometry, by measuring the peptide mass increase caused by the reagents. An identical set of four lysyl residues (Lys2, Lys118, Lys369 and Lys370 of His-tRNA synthetase) was found attached to pyridoxal-ppAdo or pyridoxal-P2. In addition, pyridoxal-ppAdo labeled the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal alanine. In a His-tRNA synthetase sample having incorporated 2.5 mol FSO2BzAdo/mol), the labeled amino acid residues were Lys118, Lys196, Tyr262 (or Tyr263), Lys369 and Lys377. Whatever the used reagent, Lys118 appeared to be the predominantly labeled residue, Lys118 belongs to fragment 112-124 (RHERPQK-GRYRQF) corresponding to motif 2 of class 2 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The other modified lysyl residues (lysines 369, 370 and 377) are close to the catalytic motif 3, in the C-terminal region of the synthetase. Tyr262 and Tyr263 belong to a fragment 256-263 (LVRGLDYY) highly conserved among all known His-tRNA synthetase primary structures. Examination of the recently solved structure of crystalline E. coli His-tRNA synthetase [Amez, J. G., Harris, D. C., Mitschler, A., Rees, B., Francklyn, C. S. & Moras, D. (1995) EMBO J. 14, 4143-4155] shows that, with the exception of lysines 369, 370 and 377, the location of which may account for peculiar accessibility and reactivity, all the amino acid residues identified in this study map near the enzyme nucleotide-binding site, at the N-terminal catalytic domain of the synthetase." ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 3570 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8898898_562_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000255_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_562_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Escherichia coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D011732_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal 5'-phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011732" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000241_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 631, 640 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000241_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "adenosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 696 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000241" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "histidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 823 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:C000615311_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "32P" ], "offsets": [ [ 844, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000615311" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000255_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-ppAdo" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-pppAdo" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 989 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-P2" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:C025364_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium borohydride" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C025364" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-ppAdo" ], "offsets": [ [ 1154, 1169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-P2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D011730_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal" ], "offsets": [ [ 1349, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011730" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 1676, 1679 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 1782, 1785 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 1920, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000255_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MgATP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1951, 1956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000255" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lysyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 2228, 2233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_6383671_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Lys2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2244, 2248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6383671" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys118" ], "offsets": [ [ 2250, 2256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_tmVar:p|SUB|K|369,370|H;HGVS:p.K369,370H;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:132949_23", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "Lys369 and Lys370 of His" ], "offsets": [ [ 2258, 2282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|K|369,370|H;HGVS:p.K369,370H;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:132949" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-ppAdo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2322, 2337 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-P2" ], "offsets": [ [ 2341, 2353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyridoxal-ppAdo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2368, 2383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D000409_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alanine" ], "offsets": [ [ 2432, 2439 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000409" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 2446, 2449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys118" ], "offsets": [ [ 2554, 2560 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys196" ], "offsets": [ [ 2562, 2568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyr262" ], "offsets": [ [ 2570, 2576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyr263" ], "offsets": [ [ 2581, 2587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys369" ], "offsets": [ [ 2590, 2596 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys377" ], "offsets": [ [ 2601, 2607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_35", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys118" ], "offsets": [ [ 2636, 2642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lys118" ], "offsets": [ [ 2693, 2699 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D008239_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lysines" ], "offsets": [ [ 2844, 2851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008239" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_38", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyr262" ], "offsets": [ [ 2950, 2956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_-_39", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Tyr263" ], "offsets": [ [ 2961, 2967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_MESH:D006639_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "His" ], "offsets": [ [ 3041, 3044 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006639" } ] }, { "id": "8898898_562_41", "type": "Species", "text": [ "E. coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 3141, 3148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "562" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19179161_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "EUS: state of the art in the USA." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 33 ] ] }, { "id": "19179161_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 34 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4404559_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Significance of cell interactions in production of graft versus host splenomegaly." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "4404559_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 83 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4404559_MESH:D006086_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "graft versus host splenomegaly" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006086" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30035214_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unpacking the polarization of workplace skills." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ] }, { "id": "30035214_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Economic inequality is one of the biggest challenges facing society today. Inequality has been recently exacerbated by growth in high- and low-wage occupations at the expense of middle-wage occupations, leading to a \"hollowing\" of the middle class. Yet, our understanding of how workplace skills drive this process is limited. Specifically, how do skill requirements distinguish high- and low-wage occupations, and does this distinction constrain the mobility of individuals and urban labor markets? Using unsupervised clustering techniques from network science, we show that skills exhibit a striking polarization into two clusters that highlight the specific social-cognitive skills and sensory-physical skills of high- and low-wage occupations, respectively. The connections between skills explain various dynamics: how workers transition between occupations, how cities acquire comparative advantage in new skills, and how individual occupations change their skill requirements. We also show that the polarized skill topology constrains the career mobility of individual workers, with low-skill workers \"stuck\" relying on the low-wage skill set. Together, these results provide a new explanation for the persistence of occupational polarization and inform strategies to mitigate the negative effects of automation and offshoring of employment. In addition to our analysis, we provide an online tool for the public and policy makers to explore the skill network: skillscape.mit.edu." ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 1533 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6158615_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Electrometric method of measuring intragastric pH]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 52 ] ] }, { "id": "6158615_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 53 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25405363_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Recent trends in global emissions of hydrochlorofluorocarbons and hydrofluorocarbons: reflecting on the 2007 adjustments to the Montreal Protocol." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 146 ] ] }, { "id": "25405363_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Global-scale atmospheric measurements are used to investigate the effectiveness of recent adjustments to production and consumption controls on hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol) and to assess recent projections of large increases in hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) production and emission. The results show that aggregate global HCFC emissions did not increase appreciably during 2007-2012 and suggest that the 2007 Adjustments to the Montreal Protocol played a role in limiting HCFC emissions well in advance of the 2013 cap on global production. HCFC emissions varied between 27 and 29 kt CFC-11-equivalent (eq)/y or 0.76 and 0.79 GtCO2-eq/y during this period. Despite slower than projected increases in aggregate HCFC emissions since 2007, total emissions of HFCs used as substitutes for HCFCs and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) have not increased more rapidly than rates projected [Velders, G. J. M.; Fahey, D. W.; Daniel, J. S.; McFarland, M.; Andersen, S. O. The Large Contribution of Projected HFC Emissions to Future Climate Forcing. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2009, 106, 10949-10954] for 2007-2012. HFC global emission magnitudes related to this substitution totaled 0.51 (-0.03, +0.04) GtCO2-eq/y in 2012, a magnitude about two times larger than emissions reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) for these HFCs. Assuming accurate reporting to the UNFCCC, the results imply that developing countries (non-Annex I Parties) not reporting to the UNFCCC now account for nearly 50% of global HFC emissions used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Global HFC emissions (as CO2-eq) from ODS substitution can be attributed approximately equally to mobile air conditioning, commercial refrigeration, and the sum of all other applications." ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 2024 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25405363_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrochlorofluorocarbons" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrofluorocarbons" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrochlorofluorocarbons" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 315 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HCFCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_MESH:D010126_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Ozone" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 388 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010126" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "hydrofluorocarbon" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HFC" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 492 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HCFC" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HCFC" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "HCFCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_MESH:D017402_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chlorofluorocarbons" ], "offsets": [ [ 1031, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017402" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_MESH:D017402_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CFCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017402" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_MESH:D010126_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ozone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1802, 1807 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010126" } ] }, { "id": "25405363_MESH:D002245_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1862, 1865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28606750_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Error thresholds for RNA replication in the presence of both point mutations and premature termination errors." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "28606750_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We consider a spatial model of replication in the RNA World in which polymerase ribozymes use neighbouring strands as templates. Point mutation errors create parasites that have the same replication rate as the polymerase. We have shown previously that spatial clustering allows survival of the polymerases as long as the error rate is below a critical error threshold. Here, we additionally consider errors where a polymerase prematurely terminates replication before reaching the end of the template, creating shorter parasites that are replicated faster than the functional polymerase. In well-known experiments where Qbeta RNA is replicated by an RNA polymerase protein, the virus RNA is rapidly replaced by very short non-functional sequences. If the same thing were to occur when the polymerase is a ribozyme, this would mean that termination errors could potentially destroy the RNA World. In this paper, we show that this is not the case in the RNA replication model studied here. When there is continued generation of parasites of all lengths by termination errors, the system can survive up to a finite error threshold, due to the formation of travelling wave patterns; hence termination errors are important, but they do not lead to the inevitable destruction of the RNA World by short parasites. The simplest assumption is that parasite replication rate is inversely proportional to the strand length. In this worst-case scenario, the error threshold for termination errors is much lower than for point mutations. We also consider a more realistic model in which the time for replication of a strand is the sum of a time for binding of the polymerase, and a time for polymerization. When the binding step is considered, termination errors are less serious than in the worst case. In the limit where the binding time is dominant, replication rates are equal for all lengths, and the error threshold for termination is the same as for point mutations." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 2072 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27402025_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Meanings for Sex and Commitment Among First Semester College Men and Women: A Mixed-Methods Analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "27402025_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The purpose of this study was to replicate and extend research on the meanings for sex and commitment using a sample of first semester college students (N = 268). We examined responses to a series of open-ended questions about participants' meanings for sex and how they described these meanings as connected with relationship commitment. Our qualitative analyses replicated those of Olmstead, Billen, Conrad, Pasley, and Fincham (2013). Our largest group was the Committers (sex is indicative of love and trust and occurs after commitment is developed in a relationship), followed by Flexibles (sex can hold deep personal meaning, but can also be purely for pleasure and isn't always connected with commitment), and then Recreationers (sex is a basic need or purely for pleasure and is not associated with commitment). Groups were then examined based on demographic characteristics and pre-college hookup experience. Groups were found to differ by gender, relationship status and type, religiosity, and pre-college hookup experience. For example, a greater proportion of women than men were in the Committers group, whereas a greater proportion of men than women were in the Flexibles and Recreationers groups. Those in the Committers group had fewer pre-college hookup partners than Flexibles and Recreationers; however, Flexibles and Recreationers did not differ in number of pre-college hookup partners. We then followed up (at the end of the semester) with a subsample (n = 73) of participants to examine whether meanings for sex and commitment remained stable or changed over a brief period of time. The majority (82.2 %) of participants' meanings remained stable. For those whose meanings shifted, meanings became more consistent with those of the Committers group than the other two groups. Implications for research and sexual and relationship education are discussed." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1979 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "27402025_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Men" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Women" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1185, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1251, 1254 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1588, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "27402025_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1733, 1745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17267067_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "SGA: a grammar-based alignment algorithm." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ] }, { "id": "17267067_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "As the cost of genome sequencing continues to drop, comparison of large sequences becomes tantamount to our understanding of evolution and gene function. Rapid genome alignment stands to play a fundamental role in furthering biological understanding. In 2002, a fast algorithm based on statistical estimation called super pairwise alignment (SPA) was developed by Shen et al. The method was proved to be much faster than traditional dynamic programming algorithms, while it suffered small drop in accuracy. In this paper, we propose a new method based on SPA that target analysis of large-scale genomes. The new method, named super genome alignment (SGA), applies Yang-Keiffer coding theory to alignment and results in a grammar-based algorithm. SGA has the same computational complexity as its predecessor SPA, and it can process large-scale genomes. SGA is tested by using numerous pairs of microbial and eukaryotic genomes, which serve as the benchmark to compare it with the competing BLASTZ method. When compared with BLASTZ, the result shows that SGA is significantly faster by at least an order of magnitude (for some genome pairs the differences is as large at two orders of magnitude), and suffers on average only about 1% loss of the similarity of alignment." ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 1310 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16530996_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Anti-plasmodial activity and toxicity of extracts of plants used in traditional malaria therapy in Meru and Kilifi Districts of Kenya." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 134 ] ] }, { "id": "16530996_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The methanol and aqueous extracts of 10 plant species (Acacia nilotica, Azadirachta indica, Carissa edulis, Fagaropsis angolensis, Harrissonia abyssinica, Myrica salicifolia, Neoboutonia macrocalyx, Strychnos heningsii, Withania somnifera and Zanthoxylum usambarensis) used to treat malaria in Meru and Kilifi Districts, Kenya, were tested for brine shrimp lethality and in vitro anti-plasmodial activity against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum (NF54 and ENT30). Of the plants tested, 40% of the methanol extracts were toxic to the brine shrimp (LD(50)<100micro/ml), while 50% showed in vitro anti-plasmodial activity (IC(50)<100microg/ml). The methanol extract of the stem bark of N. macrocalyx had the highest toxicity to brine shrimp nauplii (LD(50) 21.04+/-1.8microg/ml). Methanol extracts of the rest of the plants exhibited mild or no brine shrimp toxicity (LD(50)>50microg/ml). The aqueous extracts of N. macrocalyx had mild brine shrimp toxicity (LD(50) 41.69+/-0.9microg/ml), while the rest were lower (LD(50)>100microg/ml). The methanol extracts of F. angolensis and Zanthoxylum usambarense had IC(50) values <6microg/ml while the aqueous ones had values between 6 and 15microg/ml, against both chloroquine-sensitive and resistant P. falciparum strains. The results support the use of traditional herbs for anti-malarial therapy and demonstrate their potential as sources of drugs." ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 1575 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16530996_MESH:D064420_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D008288_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malaria" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008288" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_138033_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Acacia nilotica" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 205 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "138033" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_124943_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Azadirachta indica" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "124943" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_992661_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Carissa edulis" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "992661" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_1762910_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Fagaropsis angolensis" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1762910" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_126910_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Withania somnifera" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "126910" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_2562172_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Zanthoxylum" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2562172" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D008288_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malaria" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008288" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_5843_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Plasmodium falciparum (NF54" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5843" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D000432_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 688 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000432" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D000432_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000432" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D064420_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 904 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D000432_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Methanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 960, 968 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000432" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D064420_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1046 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D064420_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D000432_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1222, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000432" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_2562172_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Zanthoxylum usambarense" ], "offsets": [ [ 1261, 1284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "2562172" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_MESH:D002738_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "chloroquine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002738" } ] }, { "id": "16530996_5833_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "P. falciparum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1425, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "5833" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32572677_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Building a Methodological Foundation for Impactful Urban Planetary Health Science." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "32572677_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Anthropogenic environmental change will heavily impact cities, yet associated health risks will depend significantly on decisions made by urban leaders across a wide range of non-health sectors, including transport, energy, housing, basic urban services, and others. A subset of planetary health researchers focus on understanding the urban health impacts of global environmental change, and how these vary globally and within cities. Such researchers increasingly adopt collaborative transdisciplinary approaches to engage policy-makers, private citizens, and other actors in identifying and evaluating potential policy solutions that will reduce environmental impacts in ways that simultaneously promote health, equity, and/or local economies-in other words, maximising 'co-benefits'. This report presents observations from a participatory workshop focused on challenges and opportunities for urban planetary health research. The workshop, held at the 16th International Conference on Urban Health (ICUH) in Xiamen, China, in November 2019, brought together 49 participants and covered topics related to collaboration, data, and research impact. It featured research projects funded by the Wellcome Trust's Our Planet Our Health (OPOH) programme. This report aims to concisely summarise and disseminate participants' collective contributions to current methodological practice in urban planetary health research." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 1497 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32572677_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "32572677_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11137013_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "S-phase cyclins are required for a stable arrest at metaphase." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 62 ] ] }, { "id": "11137013_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A critical DNA damage checkpoint in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an arrest at the metaphase stage of mitosis. Here we show that the S-phase cyclins Clb5 and Clb6 are required for this arrest. Strains lacking Clb5 and Clb6 are hypersensitive to DNA damage. Furthermore, in the presence of the DNA alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) over 50% of clb5 clb6 mutants by-passed the metaphase checkpoint and arrested instead with separated sister chromatids. Levels of Pds1, an inhibitor of anaphase that accumulates following DNA damage, were similar in the wild-type and mutant strains following MMS treatment. Furthermore, unlike wild-type cells, clb5 clb6 mutants undergo nuclear division despite the presence of nuclear non-degradable Pds1. Our results suggest a novel role for the S-phase cyclins Clb5 and Clb6 in maintaining sister chromatid cohesion during a metaphase arrest, perhaps by regulating Pds1 activity." ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 987 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11137013_MESH:D006323_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_4932_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D006323_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 130, 136 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_856237_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb5" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 214 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "856237" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_853003_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb6" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 223 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "853003" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D006323_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_856237_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb5" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "856237" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_853003_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb6" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "853003" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D004342_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypersensitive" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 302 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004342" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D008741_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methyl methanesulfonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008741" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D008741_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MMS" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008741" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_856237_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "clb5" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "856237" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_853003_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "clb6" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "853003" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_851691_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Pds1" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "851691" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D008741_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MMS" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008741" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_856237_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "clb5" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "856237" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_853003_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "clb6" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "853003" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_851691_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Pds1" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 810 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "851691" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_856237_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb5" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 873 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "856237" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_853003_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Clb6" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "853003" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_MESH:D006323_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "arrest" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006323" } ] }, { "id": "11137013_851691_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Pds1" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "851691" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5235251_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The effect of the addition of Bordetella parapertussis suspensions on the protective power of the pertusis component of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 158 ] ] }, { "id": "5235251_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 159 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5235251_MESH:D014917_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pertusis component of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014917" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31074223_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Improving the Quality of Hypertension Management: Multifaceted Approach." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 72 ] ] }, { "id": "31074223_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 73 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31074223_MESH:D006973_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34037891_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Groundwater nitrate and fluoride profiles, sources and health risk assessment in the coal mining areas of Salt Range, Punjab Pakistan." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 134 ] ] }, { "id": "34037891_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "To assess the loading profiles of groundwater nitrate (NO3-) and fluoride (F-), their spatial distributions, geochemistry and associated health risks were determined for 131 groundwater samples from eastern (ESR), central (CSR) and Trans-Indus Salt Ranges (TSR) in Pakistan. Groundwater NO3- concentrations were 0.2-308 mg/L (mean 59 mg/L) in ESR, 2.7-203 mg/L (mean 73 mg/L) in CSR and 1.1-259 mg/L (mean 69 mg/L) in the TSR. Forty-one %, 57% and 36% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 50 mg/L NO3-. Likewise, groundwater F- concentrations ranged from 0.1-1.8 mg/L (mean 0.6 mg/L), 0.1-2.7 mg/L (mean 0.9 mg/L) and 0.3-2.5 mg/L (mean 1.6 mg/L) mg/L in the ESR, CSR and TSR sites, respectively. In this case, 3%, 17% and 27% of the ESR, CSR and TSR samples, respectively, exceeded the WHO and Pak-NEQs permissible limit of 1.5 mg/L F. Oxidation of coal and coal waste resulted in the release of NO3- to groundwater. By contrast, enrichment of F- in groundwater was due to dissolution and cation exchange processes. Elevated values of the Higher Pollution Index (PI) and Health Risk Index (HRI) reflect a non-acceptable carcinogenic risk for drinking water NO3- and F- which should be addressed on a priority basis to protect human health." ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 1436 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34037891_MESH:D009566_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009566" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_MESH:D005459_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 32 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_MESH:D009566_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009566" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NO3" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_MESH:D005459_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "fluoride" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 208 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005459" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NO3" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NO3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_MESH:D063646_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinogenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1329 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_MESH:D014867_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 1348, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NO3-" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34037891_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1423, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6962932_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Significance of chromosomal studies in leukemia: karyotype analysis of 28 cases of leukemia and 2 cases of myelofibrosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "6962932_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 122 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6962932_MESH:D007938_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 47 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007938" } ] }, { "id": "6962932_MESH:D007938_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007938" } ] }, { "id": "6962932_MESH:D055728_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "myelofibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D055728" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19457293_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Young people and sexual risk-taking behaviour in Central England." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "19457293_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Sexually transmissible infections and the rate of teenage pregnancy in the UK are among the highest in the industrialised world. Research has suggested that high rates of risk-taking behaviours may account for the concerning increase in the rates of sexually transmissible infections and higher rates of teenage pregnancy in the UK. METHODS: This cross-sectional analysis investigated the sexual risk-taking behaviours of a group of sexually active 12-15-year-old school pupils from a single county in Central England (n = 493). Data were analysed to investigate the sexual risk activity of adolescents, urban/rural location, and gender. RESULTS: In this sample, rural students were more likely than their urban counterparts to have used drugs or alcohol the first time they had sex. Female students were more likely than male students to report ever having had sex without contraception. Male students were more likely than female students to have ever had a one night stand. CONCLUSIONS: As expected there were differences in sexual risk-taking behaviour between pupils in urban and rural locations, and males and females. In most cases these differences were consistent with previous research on general trends, with a few exceptions that can be meaningfully interpreted using previous research in this area. In future, researchers may wish to investigate the underlying factors that determine these differences in risk-taking behaviour." ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 1518 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19457293_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "people" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19457293_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19457293_MESH:D007239_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 361 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19457293_MESH:D000438_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 832 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13096139_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "PUBLIC Health Service." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 22 ] ] }, { "id": "13096139_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 23 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30523895_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Recent progress in synthesis, properties, and applications of hexagonal boron nitride-based heterostructures." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 109 ] ] }, { "id": "30523895_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Featuring an absence of dangling bonds, large band gap, low dielectric constant, and excellent chemical inertness, atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is considered an ideal candidate for integration with graphene and other 2D materials. During the past years, great efforts have been devoted to the research of h-BN-based heterostructures, from fundamental study to practical applications. In this review we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis, novel properties, and potential applications of h-BN-based heterostructures, especially the synthesis technique. Firstly, various approaches to the preparation of both in-plane and vertically stacked h-BN-based heterostructures are introduced in detail, including top-down strategies associated with exfoliation transfer processes and bottom-up strategies such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-based growth. Secondly, we discuss some novel properties arising in these heterostructures. Several promising applications in electronic and optoelectronic devices are also reviewed. Finally, we discuss the main challenges and possible research directions in this field." ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 1244 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "boron nitride" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "boron nitride" ], "offsets": [ [ 251, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "h-BN" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:D006108_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "graphene" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 334 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006108" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 347 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "h-BN" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "h-BN" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 630 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] }, { "id": "30523895_MESH:C017282_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "h-BN" ], "offsets": [ [ 778, 782 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C017282" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1792942_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pamidronate reduces PTH-mediated bone loss in a gene transfer model of hyperparathyroidism in rats." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 99 ] ] }, { "id": "1792942_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We evaluated spinal and femoral bone mass and density utilizing dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in rats in which severe hyperparathyroidism was produced by the expression of the gene for human PTH-(1-84) (hPTH). This gene was incorporated into a retroviral vector that was transfected into fibroblasts which were subsequently injected into their peritoneal cavities. Further, we examined the effect of the administration of pamidronate on bone mass and density in the presence of extremely high concentrations of hPTH. Three groups of rats were studied. Groups 1 and 2 receive the hPTH-secreting fibroblasts; group 2 subsequently received pamidronate (2.5 mg/kg IV) 18 and 27 days after receiving the fibroblasts. These animals developed levels of hPTH greater than 1.0 microgram/liter and became hypercalcemia within 20 days. These animals became lethargic and were significantly lower in weight than age-matched controls (group 3, p less than 0.05). After accounting for the animal weight there was a further significant decrease in bone mineral content and density (BMC and BMD) on day 29 attributable to hPTH-mediated bone loss. Treatment with pamidronate resulted in a higher BMC of the lumbar spine than in the untreated animals, with elevated concentrations of hPTH. The BMD was significantly higher at both the lumbar spine and femur in the pamidronate-treated animals (p less than 0.05). The CV of paired measurements of BMD was 2.7% at the spine and 1.5% of a femur, respectively. The BMC of the lumbar spine and femur was closely correlated with the ashed weight of the same bones (r = 0.92 and 0.85, respectively)." ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 1734 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1792942_MESH:D000077268_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pamidronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077268" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_24694_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24694" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D006961_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 90 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006961" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_10116_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D006961_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 247 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006961" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D000077268_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pamidronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 532, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077268" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 625 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D000077268_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pamidronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077268" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 860 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D006934_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypercalcemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 918 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006934" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D000077268_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pamidronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1256, 1267 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077268" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_5741_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hPTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1376, 1380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "1792942_MESH:D000077268_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pamidronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077268" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34821103_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[The effects of aerobic exercise plus spirulina polysaccharide supplement on learning and memory function of diabetes rats and its mechanism]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 142 ] ] }, { "id": "34821103_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Objective: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise plus spirulina polysaccharide(SP) supplement on the related protein expressions of p75NTR signal in hippocampal and the improvement of learning and memory of type 2 diabetes rats. Methods: The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by fed high-fat diet for four weeks together with intraperitoneal injecting a low dose of STZ. The model rats were randomly divided into diabetic model group(B),diabetic exercise group(C),diabetic+SP group(D)and diabetic exercise+SP group(E), another normal control group(A)without any intervention was set up,12 rats in each group. The rats in Group C and E were treated with intervention of swimming training for six weeks. The rats in Group D and E were treated with SP intragastrically for 6 weeks. Learning and memory abilities were observed by Morris water maze test. The hippocampus cell apoptosis was observed by Tunnel staining, and BDNF content and the expressions of p75NTR, cleaved caspase-3 of hippocampus were tested by ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. At the same time, the changes of blood glucose and levels of serum insulin were examined. Results: (1)Compared with Group A at different time points, the body weight of Group B was decreased significantly(P<0.01). Compared with Group B at different time points, the body weight of Group C,D and E had no difference (P>0.05). Compared with Group A, levels of the blood glucose and serum insulin Group B were increased significantly(P<0.01).Compared with Group B, the levels in the intervention groups were decreased significantly (P<0.01); (2)Compared with Group A, the escape latencies of Group B were prolonged significantly(P<0.01), platform quadrant residence duration and the times of crossing platform were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with Group B, the escape latencies of the intervention groups were shortened (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and the times of crossing platform were increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01). (3)Compared with Group B, the neural cells apoptosis of the intervention rats was decreased, and the protein expressions of p75NTR and cleaved caspase-3 were decreased (P<0.05 or P<0.01), however the expression of BDNF was increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise and SP supplement can improve the learning-memory ability of type 2 diabetes rats, and the improvement effect of exercise combined with SP is markedly better than that of exercise and SP alone, the mechanism might be related to better regulating p75NTR signal related protein expressions and then inhibiting apoptosis in hippocampus of rats with type 2 diabetes." ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 2800 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34821103_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "spirulina polysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "spirulina polysaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 233 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24596_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p75NTR" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24596" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 374 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 379 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D013311_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "STZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 533 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013311" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 585 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 637, 639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 660 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 757 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 910, 912 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D007859_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Learning and memory abilities" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007859" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D014867_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "water" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014867" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24225_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BDNF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1082, 1086 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24225" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24596_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p75NTR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24596" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_25402_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25402" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D005947_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1273, 1280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D005947_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005947" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 2215, 2219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24596_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p75NTR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2266, 2272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24596" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_25402_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 2285, 2294 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "25402" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24225_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BDNF" ], "offsets": [ [ 2356, 2360 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24225" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2442, 2444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2506, 2514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_35", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 2515, 2519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2574, 2576 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:C000604007_37", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2622, 2624 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000604007" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_24596_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "p75NTR" ], "offsets": [ [ 2684, 2690 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24596" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_10116_39", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 2774, 2778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "34821103_MESH:D003920_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diabetes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2791, 2799 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003920" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14668415_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Skeletal development is regulated by fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 signalling dynamics." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "14668415_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Ligand-dependent signalling pathways have been characterised as having morphogen properties where there is a quantitative relationship between receptor activation and response, or threshold characteristics in which there is a binary switch in response at a fixed level of receptor activation. Here we report the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based transgenic system in which a hypermorphic mutation has been introduced into the murine Fgfr1 gene. These mice exhibit cranial suture and sternal fusions that are exacerbated when the BAC copy number is increased. Surprisingly, increasing mutant BAC copy number also leads to the de novo appearance of digit I polydactyly in the hind limb and transformations of the vertebrae. Polydactyly is accompanied by a reduction of programmed cell death in the developing hind limb. Candidate gene analysis reveals downregulation of Dkk1 in the digit I field and upregulation of Wnt5a and Hoxd13. These findings show that Fgfr1-mediated developmental pathways exhibit differing signalling dynamics, whereby development of the cranial sutures and sternum follows a morphogen mode, whereas development of the vertebral column and the hind limbs has threshold signalling properties." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 1327 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14668415_14182_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fibroblast growth factor receptor 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14182" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_14182_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fgfr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14182" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_MESH:D003643_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_13380_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Dkk1" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 985 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "13380" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_22418_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Wnt5a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1027, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "22418" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_15433_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hoxd13" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15433" } ] }, { "id": "14668415_14182_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fgfr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1070, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "14182" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19602823_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Infected hepatic cyst treated with percutaneous transhepatic drainage." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 70 ] ] }, { "id": "19602823_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Simple hepatic cysts are common benign lesions that are usually asymptomatic and require no treatment. However, complications can occur. This report describes a patient with an infected hepatic cyst treated with percutaneous transhepatic drainage. A 64-year-old woman presented at a nearby hospital because of acute right-upper-quadrant pain, mild left-lower-quadrant pain, diarrhea, and fever. She was admitted and received intravenous antibiotics for 1 week, but symptoms persisted. She was, therefore, referred to our hospital. On admission, ultrasonography demonstrated multiple hepatic cysts. One 13-cm lesion was hypoechoic, unlike the other simple cysts, which were anechoic. Computed tomography showed that the density of the hypoechoic cyst was slightly higher than that of the other cysts. The wall of the cyst was thickened and showed contrast enhancement. On initial laboratory tests the serum C-reactive protein concentration was 18.49 mg/dL, and the white-cell count was 13,300/microL. An infected hepatic cyst was suspected, and percutaneous transhepatic drainage of the cyst was performed. A catheter was inserted into the cyst, and dark red fluid was obtained. The right-upper-quadrant pain gradually resolved after drainage. An infected hepatic cyst was diagnosed, and system antibiotics were administered. However, the mild left-lower-quadrant pain persisted. No pathogens were isolated from the drainage fluid. Minocycline hydrochloride (200 mg) was injected, and the catheter was clamped for 30 minutes, once daily for 3 days. The serum C-reactive protein concentration was 1.78 mg/dL, and the white-cell count was 5,700/microL. The left-lower-quadrant pain resolved, and colonoscopic examination revealed multiple diverticula of the sigmoid colon. Infection has not recurred, and the hepatic cyst has not become larger." ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 1912 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19602823_MESH:D056486_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Infected hepatic cyst" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D056486_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 91 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 232, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D056486_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected hepatic cyst" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D010146_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 412 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D010146_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 439, 443 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D003967_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "diarrhea" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 453 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003967" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D005334_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005334" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D056486_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic cysts" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D056486" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_1401_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D007239_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1082 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D010146_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1274, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D007239_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D010146_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D008911_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Minocycline hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 1502, 1527 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008911" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_1401_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1629, 1647 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D010146_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1745, 1749 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "19602823_MESH:D007239_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1841, 1850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19181307_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Self-rumination, self-reflection, and depression: self-rumination counteracts the adaptive effect of self-reflection." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "19181307_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Self-focused attention has adaptive and maladaptive aspects: self-reflection and self-rumination [Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D. (1999). Private self-consciousness and the Five-Factor Model of personality: distinguishing rumination from reflection. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 284-304]. Although reflection is thought to be associated with problem solving and the promotion of mental health, previous researches have shown that reflection does not always have an adaptive effect on depression. Authors have examined the causes behind this inconsistency by modeling the relationships among self-reflection, self-rumination, and depression. One hundred and eleven undergraduates (91 men and 20 women) participated in a two-time point assessment with a 3-week interval. Statistical analysis with structural equation modeling showed that self-reflection significantly predicted self-rumination, whereas self-rumination did not predict self-reflection. With regard to depression, self-reflection was associated with a lower level of depression; self-rumination, with a higher level of depression. The total effect of self-reflection on depression was almost zero. This result indicates that self-reflection per se has an adaptive effect, which is canceled out by the maladaptive effect of self-rumination, because reflectors are likely to ruminate and reflect simultaneously." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1514 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 841 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "19181307_MESH:D000275_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4707416_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Reversible hearing loss due to ethacrynic acid in occult renal failure. Case report." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] }, { "id": "4707416_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 85 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4707416_MESH:D034381_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hearing loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D034381" } ] }, { "id": "4707416_MESH:D004976_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethacrynic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004976" } ] }, { "id": "4707416_MESH:D051437_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "occult renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D051437" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26234557_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients: insights from a specialist atrial fibrillation clinic." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 139 ] ] }, { "id": "26234557_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) are broadly preferable to vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) given their overall net clinical benefit. We report an audit of the profile of OAC usage and adverse events in patients attending a specialist AF clinic. METHODS: Patients attending our specialist AF clinic who were commenced on NOACs for SPAF between January 2013 and August 2014 were included and electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed between August 2014 and November 2014, to collect demographic, clinical and outcome data. Outcomes included cerebrovascular and bleeding events, death, switching between NOACs or to VKA, dose changes, cessation of NOACs and the reasons for these. To provide perspective, descriptive comparisons were made with a historical cohort of warfarin users attending the specialist AF clinic prior to the introduction of NOACs. RESULTS: We report data on 813 patients as follows: (i) 233 consecutive patients (mean (standard deviation) age 74 (10) years, 45.1% female) initiated on NOACs, with median (interquartile range) CHA2 DS2 -VASc score 3 (2-5) and HAS-BLED score 1 (1-2); and (ii) a historical cohort of 580 patients on warfarin (mean (SD) age 75 (10) years, 42.1% female) with broadly similar demographics. Overall, 54.5% (127/233) were started on rivaroxaban, 22.7% (53/233) on dabigatran and 22.7% on apixaban. Two patients experienced a transient ischaemic attack; 31 patients (13%) contributed to 37 documented bleeding events of which five bleeds (in four patients, 1.7%) were classified as major. There were seven deaths; cause of death was not available for three and the others were not related to NOACs. Eighteen (7.7%) patients switched NOACs, 2 (0.9%) patients switched to warfarin and 8 (3.4%) had their NOACs stopped. There were no ischaemic strokes in the NOAC cohort, compared with nine in the warfarin cohort, with a similar rate of major bleeding (1.7% for NOACs and 1.6% for warfarin). There were more gastrointestinal haemorrhages in the NOAC cohort (3.4% vs. 0.7% with warfarin). CONCLUSION: In this specialist AF clinic, patients prescribed NOACs had a favourable adverse event profile with good efficacy for stroke prevention, with a low rate of cessation or switch to warfarin." ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 2479 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014812_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin K" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014812" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 83 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014812_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin K" ], "offsets": [ [ 156, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014812" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014812_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "vitamin K" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014812" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D020521_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 264, 270 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "OAC" ], "offsets": [ [ 402, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 442 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 494 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D002561_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cerebrovascular" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 802 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002561" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D006470_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D003643_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1012, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1129, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1406 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D000069552_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "rivaroxaban" ], "offsets": [ [ 1527, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069552" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D000069604_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dabigatran" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000069604" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:C522181_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "apixaban" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C522181" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1596, 1604 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D007511_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischaemic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1629, 1638 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007511" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D006470_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D006470_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeds" ], "offsets": [ [ 1724, 1730 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1740, 1748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D003643_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 1799, 1805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D003643_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1816, 1821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1908, 1916 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_35", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1942, 1950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_36", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1963, 1971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D002544_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischaemic strokes" ], "offsets": [ [ 2024, 2041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002544" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_38", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2088, 2096 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D006470_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 2134, 2142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006470" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2172, 2180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D006471_41", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "gastrointestinal haemorrhages" ], "offsets": [ [ 2199, 2228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006471" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_42", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2268, 2276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D001281_43", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "AF" ], "offsets": [ [ 2310, 2312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001281" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_9606_44", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2321, 2329 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D020521_45", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 2409, 2415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] }, { "id": "26234557_MESH:D014859_46", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 2470, 2478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014859" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2245851_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Neurological symptoms related to gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, low estrogen, or?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "2245851_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 91 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7210280_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Double-fractures of the lower leg (author's transl)]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "7210280_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 55 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30845231_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The mechanism on phosphorylation of Hsp20Ser16 inhibit GA stress and ER stress during OGD/R." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] }, { "id": "30845231_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Recent research has demonstrated that small heat shock protein (sHsp) phosphorylation plays a variety of roles in neural cells. While the phosphorylation of serine 16 (Ser16) is blocked, Hsp20 no longer has neuroprotective effects. To further investigate the mechanism underlying this process, oxygen-glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R) was used with human SH-SY5Y cells and mouse N2a neuroblastoma cells. When SH-SY5Y and N2a cells were transfected with pEGFP-Hsp20(WT), pEGFP-Hsp20(S16A), and pEGFP-Hsp20(S16D) plasmids, the Golgi apparatus (GA) became more swollen and scattered, and many small fragments formed in the MOCK and S16A groups after OGD/R (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) network was reduced, and the lamellar structure increased. However, these changes were not as obvious in the WT and S16D groups. Additionally, after OGD/R, Golgi Stress related protein contents were increased in the WT and S16D groups compared with the MOCK and S16A groups (P < 0.05). However, ER Stress related protein contents were decreased in the WT and S16D groups compared with the MOCK and S16A groups (P < 0.05). Our study demonstrates that Hsp20 phosphorylation on Ser16 protects against not only OGD/R-induced GA fragmentation in SH-SY5Y cells and N2a cells via Golgi stress but also OGD/R-induced ER structural changes in SH-SY5Y cells via ER stress. These findings suggest that Hsp20 is a potential drug target for ischemia stroke treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 1564 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30845231_126393_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 64 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|Allele|S|16;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_4", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "serine 16" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 259 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|Allele|S|16;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_126393_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000860_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "oxygen-glucose deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 413 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606_9", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SH-SY5Y" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_10090_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090_11", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "N2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D009447_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neuroblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 499 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009447" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606_13", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SH-SY5Y" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090_14", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "N2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 527 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_243912_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "243912" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_243912_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 584 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "243912" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_17", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16A" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_243912_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "243912" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_19", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16D" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_20", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16A" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_22", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16D" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 962 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 972, 978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_25", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1033, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_26", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_28", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|D;HGVS:p.S16D;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393_29", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "S16A" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|S|16|A;HGVS:p.S16A;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_126393_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606_32", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SH-SY5Y" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090_33", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "N2a" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0470;NCBITaxID:10090" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:C536050_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "OGD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C536050" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606_36", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "SH-SY5Y" ], "offsets": [ [ 1444, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0019;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D000079225_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 1465, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000079225" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_126393_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Hsp20" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "126393" } ] }, { "id": "30845231_MESH:D020521_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemia stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1553 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020521" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21352243_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effects of dose and period of neonatal alcohol exposure on the context preexposure facilitation effect." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ] }, { "id": "21352243_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Alcohol exposure in the rat on postnatal days (PD) 4 to 9 is known to partially damage the hippocampus and to impair hippocampus-dependent behavioral tasks. We previously reported that PD4 to 9 alcohol exposure eliminated the context preexposure facilitation effect (CPFE) in juvenile rats, a hippocampus-dependent variant of contextual fear conditioning. In the CPFE, context exposure and immediate shock occur on successive occasions and this produces conditioned freezing relative to a control group that is not preexposed to the training context. Here, we extend our earlier findings by examining the effects of neonatal alcohol administered at multiple doses or over different neonatal exposure periods. METHOD: Rat pups (male and female) were exposed to a single binge dose of alcohol at one of 3 doses (2.75, 4.00, or 5.25 g/kg/d) over PD4 to 9 (Experiment 1) or to 5.25 g over PD4 to 6 or PD7 to 9 (Experiment 2). Sham-intubated (SI) and undisturbed (UD) rats served as controls. On PD31, rats were preexposed to either the training context (Pre) or an alternate context (No-Pre). On PD32, rats received an immediate unsignaled footshock (1.5 mA, 2 seconds) in the training context. Finally, on PD33, all rats were returned to the training context and tested for contextual freezing over a 5-minute period. RESULTS: Undisturbed- and SI-Pre rats showed the CPFE, i.e., context preexposure facilitated contextual conditioning, relative to their No-Pre counterparts. The immediate shock deficit was present in all No-Pre groups, regardless of previous alcohol exposure. In Experiment 1, blood alcohol level was negatively correlated with contextual freezing. Group 2.75 g-Pre did not differ from controls. Group 4.00 g-Pre froze significantly less than Groups UD- and SI-Pre but more than Group 5.25-Pre, which showed the immediate shock deficit. In Experiment 2, alcohol exposure limited to PD7 to 9, but not PD4 to 6, disrupted the CPFE. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration of dose-related impairment on a hippocampus-dependent task produced by neonatal alcohol exposure in the rat. Exposure period effects support previous studies of alcohol and spatial learning. The CPFE is a more sensitive behavioral task that can be used to elucidate developmental alcohol-induced deficits over a range of alcohol doses that are more relevant to human exposure levels." ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 2489 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 405 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 741, 748 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 899, 906 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1457, 1459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D012769_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "shock deficit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012769" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1889, 1891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D012769_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "shock deficit" ], "offsets": [ [ 1953, 1966 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012769" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1985, 1992 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2186, 2193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_10116_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 2210, 2213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2267, 2274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2386, 2393 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D009461_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficits" ], "offsets": [ [ 2402, 2410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_MESH:D000438_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 2427, 2434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "21352243_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 2467, 2472 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7316605_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Intraindividual variability of concanavalin A binding to the plasmalemma of human spermatozoa." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "7316605_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Certain characteristics of the sperm plasmalemma were studied using 10 ejaculates from the same subject. Measurements of membrane glycoconjugates binding by FTC Con A were made on samples with equal numbers of motile spermatozoa which had been selected by migration in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4). Scatchard plots showed that the association constant for Con A binding to membrane glycoconjugate varied between ejaculates, but in 9 of 10 cases the number of receptor sites for this lectin was constant with only one class of receptor." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 636 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7316605_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7316605_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate buffered saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 389 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24327409_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Osteochondral lesions of the elbow." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 35 ] ] }, { "id": "24327409_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Osteochondral lesions of the elbow are injuries that disrupt the cartilage and subjacent bone, and they most commonly involve the capitellum. The staging, prognosis, and treatment of osteochondral lesions in the elbow are based on a combination of radiographic, magnetic resonance imaging, and arthroscopic findings. Radiographic staging includes the radiolucent, separation, and free (advanced) stages. MR imaging features of instability include cysts, osteochondral fracture, T2 hyperintense rim, subchondral plate defects, and fluid-filled osteochondral defects. Finally, arthroscopic grading of osteochondral lesions increases in severity based on findings of softened cartilage, cartilage fissuring, exposed bone, loose but nondisplaced fragments, and eventually displaced fragments resulting in intra-articular bodies. This pictorial review focuses on osteochondral lesions in the capitellum and trochlea including osteochondritis dissecans, Panner disease, and acute trauma." ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 1017 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondral lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondral fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 490, 512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondral defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondral lesions increases" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondral lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 894, 915 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D010007_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "osteochondritis dissecans" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010007" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D003141_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Panner disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 984, 998 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "24327409_MESH:D014947_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33580953_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Joint Alignment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "33580953_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested that overweight/obesity (OW/OB) impairs the normal alignment of children and adolescents' musculoskeletal system. However, to date, no study has systematically reviewed or quantified the effect of OW/OB on the development of joint malalignments in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to systematically review the association between OW/OB and joint alignment in children and adolescents and to quantify the evidence on whether children and adolescents with OW/OB have a higher risk of developing joint malalignments than their peers of normal weight. METHODS: PubMed and Web of Science databases were systematically searched from inception to March 9, 2020. Studies investigating the association between OW/OB and joint alignment in children and adolescents were selected. Nonoriginal articles, participants with movement pattern diseases, and adolescents studied while pregnant were excluded. Two independent reviewers conducted the study selection and data extraction. Qualitative synthesis of evidence and random effect meta-analyses (risk ratio [RR]) were performed. RESULTS: Seventy-three studies (5 longitudinal and 68 cross-sectional) met the inclusion criteria involving 1,757,107 children and adolescents. There was consistent evidence supporting associations of OW/OB with rounded shoulder, lumbar hyperlordosis, genu valgum, and flatfoot. Our meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents with OW/OB had a significantly higher risk of lumbar hyperlordosis (RR = 1.41), genu valgum (RR = 5.92), flatfoot (RR = 1.49), and any joint malalignment (RR = 1.68) when compared with their peers of normal weight. The presence of genu valgum and flatfoot were the most robust results. CONCLUSION: Based on these findings, OW/OB is associated with the presence of joint malalignments in children and adolescents. IMPACT: This is the first study that has systematically reviewed the effect of OW/OB on the development of joint malalignments in children and adolescents." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 2117 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33580953_MESH:D009765_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 482 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 514 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 579 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 853 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 877, 885 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 951 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_MESH:D008268_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "movement pattern diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008268" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_MESH:C563613_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lumbar hyperlordosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1445, 1465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C563613" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1524, 1532 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_MESH:C563613_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lumbar hyperlordosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1595, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C563613" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1872, 1877 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1936, 1944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_1009_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "OW/OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 2041, 2046 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1009" } ] }, { "id": "33580953_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 2092, 2100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35644562_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Root and canal morphology of the permanent anterior dentition in a Black South African population using cone-beam computed tomography and two classification systems." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 165 ] ] }, { "id": "35644562_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "PURPOSE: This study investigated the root and canal morphology of the permanent anterior dentition in a Black South African population. METHODS: In total 2,343 permanent anterior teeth were evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography images and described according to the Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classifications. Demographic information, root number and internal canal morphology were recorded. Age and sex associations were made using Fisher's exact test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: All anterior teeth were single-rooted (100%). The most frequent configuration in maxillary anteriors was a single canal (Vertucci Type I/1MXA1). In mandibular anteriors, single canal configurations (Type I/1MDA1) predominated, however 36.6% of mandibular central and 33.9% of lateral incisors displayed two canals. Older subjects (>40 years) demonstrated single canals more than younger subjects (P = 0.0004). Females displayed variations more compared to males (P = 0.002). The two classifications were found to be comparable for evaluation of permanent anterior teeth. Complex configurations were better described using the newer system. CONCLUSION: The permanent anterior teeth of this population exhibited exclusively single roots and diverse internal characteristics. Clinicians should be aware of anatomical variations, particularly in mandibular incisors, as these may result in adverse endodontic outcomes if not taken into consideration by the treating practitioner." ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 1622 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35644562_CVCL:0062_0", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "MDA1" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 858 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:0062" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22726275_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "IgG3 deficiency and severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "22726275_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: The severity of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza (H1N1 pdm 09) in immune deficient children is unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate this in a case of complete IgG3 deficiency complicated by pneumonia and asthma attack. METHODS: The clinical parameters of the IgG3 deficiency patient were compared with those of four control patients using 95% confidence intervals. These control patients were selected from 71 patients admitted due to pneumonia or bronchitis caused by H1N1 pdm 09, and were chosen according to age, absence of pretreatment with oseltamivir before admission, presence of a past history of asthma, use of antibiotics, and combination of inhalation of a beta2 agonist and treatment with i.v. methylprednisolone for asthma attack. RESULTS: The IgG3 deficiency patient had significantly longer duration of admission and period of oseltamivir, with a significantly decreased pulse oxygen saturation and increased maximum serum C-reactive protein, creatine kinase and urinary excretion of beta2-microglobulin/creatinine, compared with the controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Complete IgG3 deficiency is possibly associated with severity of the clinical course of pneumonia and asthma attack in children suffering from H1N1 pdm 09." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 1332 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22726275_3502_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3502" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D007153_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 5, 15 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_114727_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_114727_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_3502_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 257 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3502" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D007153_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D011014_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 293 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011014" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D001249_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_3502_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 357 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3502" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D007153_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 368 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 369, 376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 481 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 512 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D011014_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011014" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D001991_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bronchitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001991" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_114727_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "H1N1" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "114727" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D053139_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oseltamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 650 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D053139" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D001249_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 705 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D008775_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "methylprednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 818 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008775" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D001249_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 829 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_3502_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3502" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D007153_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 867, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D053139_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oseltamivir" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 947 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D053139" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D010100_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 986, 992 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_1401_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "C-reactive protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1401" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_567_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta2-microglobulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "567" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D003404_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "creatinine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1113, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003404" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_3502_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "IgG3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1190 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3502" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D007153_31", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007153" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D011014_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pneumonia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011014" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_MESH:D001249_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1279, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] }, { "id": "22726275_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1304 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18791338_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Nutritional status of elderly surgical patients]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 50 ] ] }, { "id": "18791338_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to assess nutritional status of aged surgical patients, to determine the prevalence of malnutrition and factors associated with it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 156 patients aged 45 years and more, treated at the Departments of Surgery and Urology of Kaunas 2nd Clinical Hospital, were enrolled in the study. Elderly group (aged 65 years and more) consisted of 99 patients, and middle-aged group (45 to 64 years old) of 57 patients. The following anthropometric measurements were performed: weight, height, mid-arm circumference; hemoglobin, serum albumin level, and total lymphocyte count were determined. Standard assessment scales included Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, Geriatric Depression Scale, and Mini Mental State Exam. Statistical analysis was performed with the help of SPSS 12.0. RESULTS: Malnutrition was diagnosed in 53.5% of older patients and in 15.8% of middle-aged patients (P<0.05). Obesity was diagnosed in 32.3% of elderly patients and in 40.4% of middle-aged patients (P<0.05). Among men, obese patients made up 20%, among women - 54.4% (P<0.05). Malnutrition was more prevalent among elderly patients who underwent urgent operations than in patients who underwent planned operations (69.6% and 34.1%, respectively; P<0.05) and among elderly patients with impaired cognitive functions than among those without impaired cognitive functions (in 100% of patients with medium impaired cognitive function, in 59.3% of patients with mild impaired cognitive function, and in 44.4% of patients with unimpaired cognitive function, P<0.05). Malnourished elderly patients had lower functional level than the remaining (IADL score of 3.97 and 4.75 for men, 5.38 and 6.89 for women, respectively; P<0.05). The prevalence of malnutrition did not differ significantly in the groups of older patients with depression, probable depression and not depressed patients - 75.0%, 57.7%, and 46.7%, respectively (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Malnutrition was diagnosed more frequently in elderly surgical patients than in middle-aged patients. Obesity was more common in women than in men. The prevalence of obesity was not associated with age. Malnutrition in elderly surgical patients was associated with poor functional status, impaired cognitive function, and urgent operation." ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 2377 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18791338_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D044342_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malnutrition" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044342" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_213_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "albumin" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 648 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "213" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D000275_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 787, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 958 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 995 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D009765_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1006, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D009765_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obese" ], "offsets": [ [ 1115, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1227 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1376 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D003072_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired cognitive functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1382, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D003072_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired cognitive functions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1464 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1477, 1485 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D003072_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired cognitive function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1498, 1525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1547 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D003072_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired cognitive function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1558, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1603, 1611 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1678, 1686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1766, 1769 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1789, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D044342_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malnutrition" ], "offsets": [ [ 1837, 1849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044342" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1902, 1910 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D000275_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1916, 1926 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D000275_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1937, 1947 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000275" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1966, 1974 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_35", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2101, 2109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2130, 2138 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D009765_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2140, 2147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 2167, 2172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_39", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 2181, 2184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D009765_40", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 2204, 2211 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_9606_41", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2274, 2282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18791338_MESH:D003072_42", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "impaired cognitive function" ], "offsets": [ [ 2327, 2354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003072" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "31097258_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Scientific Statement From the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, the American Heart Association, and the American College of Cardiology." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 207 ] ] }, { "id": "31097258_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an evidence-based intervention that uses patient education, health behavior modification, and exercise training to improve secondary prevention outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. CR programs reduce morbidity and mortality rates in adults with ischemic heart disease, heart failure, or cardiac surgery but are significantly underused, with only a minority of eligible patients participating in CR in the United States. New delivery strategies are urgently needed to improve participation. One potential strategy is home-based CR (HBCR). In contrast to center-based CR services, which are provided in a medically supervised facility, HBCR relies on remote coaching with indirect exercise supervision and is provided mostly or entirely outside of the traditional center-based setting. Although HBCR has been successfully deployed in the United Kingdom, Canada, and other countries, most US healthcare organizations have little to no experience with such programs. The purpose of this scientific statement is to identify the core components, efficacy, strengths, limitations, evidence gaps, and research necessary to guide the future delivery of HBCR in the United States. Previous randomized trials have generated low- to moderate-strength evidence that HBCR and center-based CR can achieve similar improvements in 3- to 12-month clinical outcomes. Although HBCR appears to hold promise in expanding the use of CR to eligible patients, additional research and demonstration projects are needed to clarify, strengthen, and extend the HBCR evidence base for key subgroups, including older adults, women, underrepresented minority groups, and other higher-risk and understudied groups. In the interim, we conclude that HBCR may be a reasonable option for selected clinically stable low- to moderate-risk patients who are eligible for CR but cannot attend a traditional center-based CR program." ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 2141 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "31097258_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_MESH:D002318_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiovascular disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002318" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_MESH:D003324_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "ischemic heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 497, 519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003324" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_MESH:D006333_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "heart failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006333" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1677, 1685 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1846, 1851 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "31097258_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2052, 2060 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18564673_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "User charges in public health care: clouded wisdom." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 51 ] ] }, { "id": "18564673_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 52 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18860568_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Bagneres-de-Bigorre (Hautes-Pyrenees) calcium sulphate station at half altitude (550 m.)" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "18860568_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 89 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18860568_MESH:D002133_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002133" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20592251_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Toll-like receptor control of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in human plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 111 ] ] }, { "id": "20592251_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Microbial infection triggers the endogenous production of immunosuppressive glucocorticoid (GC) hormones and simultaneously activates innate immunity through toll-like receptors (TLRs). How innate immune cells integrate these 2 opposing signals in dictating immunity or tolerance to infection is not known. In this study, we show that human plasmacytoid predendritic cells (pDCs) were highly sensitive to GC-induced apoptosis. Strikingly, they were protected by microbial stimulation through TLR-7 and TLR-9, but not by microbial-independent stimuli, such as interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, or CD40-ligand. This protection was dependent on TLR-induced autocrine tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-alpha, which collectively increased the expression ratio between antiapoptotic genes (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, BIRC3, CFLAR) versus proapoptotic genes (Caspase-8, BID, BAD, BAX). In particular, virus-induced Bcl-2 up-regulation was dependent on autocrine interferon-alpha. Using small interfering RNA technology, we demonstrated that Bcl-2 and CFLAR/c-flip were essential for TLR-induced protection of pDCs from GC-induced caspase-8-mediated apoptosis. Our results demonstrate a novel property of the TLR pathway in regulating the interface between GC and innate immunity and reveal a previously undescribed mechanism of GC resistance." ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 1475 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20592251_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_MESH:D007239_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_MESH:D007239_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 404 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 452 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_51284_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TLR-7" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 609 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "51284" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_54106_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TLR-9" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "54106" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_3562;1437_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-3, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3562;1437" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_959_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CD40-ligand" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 750 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "959" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_MESH:D009336_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autocrine tumor necrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 821 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009336" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_596_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 936, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_598_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-xL" ], "offsets": [ [ 943, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "598" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_330_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BIRC3" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 956 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "330" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_8837_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CFLAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8837" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_841_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Caspase-8" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "841" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_637_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BID" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "637" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_581_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "BAX" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1016 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "581" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_596_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1053 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_596_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Bcl-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "596" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_8837_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CFLAR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1189 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8837" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_8837_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "c-flip" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8837" } ] }, { "id": "20592251_841_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-8" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "841" } ] } ]

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