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[ { "id": "11748376_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Chemoprevention of mammary, cervix and nervous system carcinogenesis in animals using cultured Panax ginseng drugs and preliminary clinical trials in patients with precancerous lesions of the esophagus and endometrium." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 218 ] ] }, { "id": "11748376_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The anticarcinogenic effects and mechanisms of the biotechnological drugs of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer cultivated in Russia, bioginseng, panaxel and panaxel- 5, were studied. Bioginseng was produced from a tissue culture of ginseng root cultured on standard medium, whereas panaxel and panaxel-5 were produced from ginseng tissue root cultures using standard mediums enriched with 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide and 1-hydroxygermatran-monohydrate respectively. All three ginseng drugs inhibited the development of mammary tumors induced by intramammary injections of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) in rats, the development of the brain and spinal cord tumors induced by transplacental administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) in rats, and the development of uterine, cervical and vaginal tumors induced by intravaginal applications of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in mice. The ginseng drugs induced the cytotoxic activity of macrophages in mice, enhanced T-lymphocyte rosette formation in guinea pigs exposed to cyclophosphamide, and stimulated the production of thyroid hormones in rats. These mechanisms may contribute to the anticarcinogenic action of the ginseng drugs. The organic germanium compounds present in panaxel and panaxel-5 did not potentiate the anticarcinogenic or immuno- stimulatory effects as much as biogeinseng. Preliminary clinical trials with panaxel and bioginseng were carried out in patients with precancerous lesions of the esophagus and endometrium. Panaxel was found to have a strong therapeutic effect in patients suffering from chronic erosive esophagitis. Bioginseng induced the regression of adenomatous-cystic hyperplasia of the endometrium in some patients. Thus, we conclude that the drugs of ginseng appear to hold considerable promise for future cancer chemoprevention." ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 2043 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11748376_MESH:D063646_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nervous system carcinogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D063646" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Panax ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Panax ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 296, 309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_52773_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "A. Meyer" ], "offsets": [ [ 312, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "52773" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 540 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 634 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1-hydroxygermatran-monohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 701 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 751 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D008770_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-methyl-N-nitrosourea" ], "offsets": [ [ 790, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008770" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D008770_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "MNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008770" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10116_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 822, 826 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D013120_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "spinal cord tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 879 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013120" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D005038_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 945 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005038" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D005038_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ENU" ], "offsets": [ [ 947, 950 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005038" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10116_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D014625_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vaginal tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 1006, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014625" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "7,12-dimethylbenz" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:C034020_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "anthracene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C034020" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D015127_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DMBA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015127" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10090_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_23", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 1112, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10090_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1175, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10141_25", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pigs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1224, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D003520_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1263 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003520" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_10116_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 1318, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 1394, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D005857_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "germanium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005857" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "panaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1459 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "panaxel-5" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_-_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Panaxel" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1771, 1779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D004938_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "esophagitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1811, 1822 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004938" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D011125_36", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenomatous-cystic hyperplasia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1861, 1891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011125" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_9606_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1919, 1927 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_4054_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "ginseng" ], "offsets": [ [ 1965, 1972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4054" } ] }, { "id": "11748376_MESH:D009369_39", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 2020, 2026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30668563_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Top-down inputs drive neuronal network rewiring and context-enhanced sensory processing in olfaction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "30668563_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Much of the computational power of the mammalian brain arises from its extensive top-down projections. To enable neuron-specific information processing these projections have to be precisely targeted. How such a specific connectivity emerges and what functions it supports is still poorly understood. We addressed these questions in silico in the context of the profound structural plasticity of the olfactory system. At the core of this plasticity are the granule cells of the olfactory bulb, which integrate bottom-up sensory inputs and top-down inputs delivered by vast top-down projections from cortical and other brain areas. We developed a biophysically supported computational model for the rewiring of the top-down projections and the intra-bulbar network via adult neurogenesis. The model captures various previous physiological and behavioral observations and makes specific predictions for the cortico-bulbar network connectivity that is learned by odor exposure and environmental contexts. Specifically, it predicts that-after learning-the granule-cell receptive fields with respect to sensory and with respect to cortical inputs are highly correlated. This enables cortical cells that respond to a learned odor to enact disynaptic inhibitory control specifically of bulbar principal cells that respond to that odor. For this the reciprocal nature of the granule cell synapses with the principal cells is essential. Functionally, the model predicts context-enhanced stimulus discrimination in cluttered environments ('olfactory cocktail parties') and the ability of the system to adapt to its tasks by rapidly switching between different odor-processing modes. These predictions are experimentally testable. At the same time they provide guidance for future experiments aimed at unraveling the cortico-bulbar connectivity." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 1936 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30668563_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10214387_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Sudden death of epileptic patients]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 37 ] ] }, { "id": "10214387_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "DEFINITION: Sudden unexpected death in an epileptic patient which no likely cause--head trauma, drowning, grand mal, bronchial aspiration, suffocation--and no anatomic or toxicologic condition which could clearly explain the death. A seizure reported by witnesses or suspected from clinical signs observed prior to death and compatible with the definition raises the problematic of the relationship with sudden death. INCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS: Sudden death is estimated to occur in 1 out of 450 to 2000 epileptic patients, giving an annual incidence of 0.55 to 9.3 per 1000 patients. Such a wide incidence range can be explained by the difficulties in providing a rigorous definition of sudden death and more importantly by the heterogeneous nature of the population at risk. The risk of sudden death is clearly related to the severity of the epilepsy. It is observed in young adults with symptomatic, often difficult to treat epilepsy. Death is frequently observed during sleep. PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL HYPOTHESES: The circumstances of sudden death in the epileptic patient illustrate the complex relationships existing between seizures and irreversible cardiorespiratory dysfunction. Neurogenic lung edema is frequently observed at autopsy and has been confirmed by experimental data. Experimental work and clinical observations would suggest that central apnea, associated with cardiac dysrhythmia could be involved. Other risk factors, including sleep, compliance to treatment, arrhythmogenic effect of certain antiepileptics and the consequences of repeated seizures on the myocardium may also play a role." ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 1646 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death of epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003643_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 73 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D006259_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "head trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006259" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003643_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 263, 268 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D012640_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizure" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003643_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "death" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003645_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 442, 454 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003645_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 484, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 552 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 561 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 614, 622 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003645_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003645_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 840 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 891 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epilepsy" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 975 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003643_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Death" ], "offsets": [ [ 977, 982 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D003645_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sudden death" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003645" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004827_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "epileptic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1101 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004827" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D012640_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1164, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D009461_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiorespiratory dysfunction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1219 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009461" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D004487_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Neurogenic lung edema" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004487" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D001049_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "apnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001049" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D001145_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cardiac dysrhythmia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1435 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001145" } ] }, { "id": "10214387_MESH:D012640_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "seizures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1606 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012640" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20460156_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Modulation of G-protein coupled receptor sample quality by modified cell-free expression protocols: a case study of the human endothelin A receptor." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 148 ] ] }, { "id": "20460156_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "G-protein coupled receptors still represent one of the most challenging targets in membrane protein research. Here we present a strategic approach for the cell-free synthesis of these complex membrane proteins exemplified by the preparative scale production of the human endothelin A receptor. The versatility of the cell-free expression system was used to modulate sample quality by alteration of detergents hence presenting different solubilization environments to the synthesized protein at different stages of the production process. Sample properties after co-translational and post-translational solubilization have been analysed by evaluation of homogeneity, protein stability and receptor ligand binding competence. This is a first quality evaluation of a membrane protein obtained in two different cell-free expression modes and we demonstrate that both can be used for the production of ligand-binding competent endothelin A receptor in quantities sufficient for structural approaches. The presented strategy of cell-free expression protocol development could serve as basic guideline for the production of related receptors in similar systems." ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 1303 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20460156_1909_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "G-protein coupled receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1909" } ] }, { "id": "20460156_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "20460156_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6197484_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rapid expansion of human cytotoxic T cell clones: growth promotion by a heat-labile serum component and by various types of feeder cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 137 ] ] }, { "id": "6197484_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Culture conditions are described that result in rapid expansion of cloned cytotoxic T cells of human origin. A combination of allogeneic lymphocytes and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B cells (B-LCL) as irradiated feeder cells resulted in a 10-fold higher cell yield than obtained by use of either feeder cell alone. The large cell numbers obtained in a relatively short period of time facilitate in vitro and in vivo experimentation. Further enhancement of cell proliferation was obtained by the use of fresh human serum not heat-inactivated before use. This suggests the presence of a heat-labile growth stimulating factor or factors in human serum. Round-bottomed microtitre wells were found to give best culture results. Plating and harvesting of cells cultured in wells was facilitated by a specially designed culture flask. Addition of leucoagglutinin (purified phytohaemagglutinin) to the culture medium resulted in an approximately 3-fold higher cell yield. Optimal culture results were obtained when all the above factors were combined. It was possible to expand single cytotoxic T cells to up to 10(9) cells in about 30 days with full retention of cytolytic activity and target cell specificity. T cell clones have now been cultured for more than 70 generations." ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 1416 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "6197484_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_T cell_1", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_MESH:D020031_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "EBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 314 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020031" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 659 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 788 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "6197484_T cell_6", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8957560_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evidence for the Hebbian hypothesis in experience-dependent physiological plasticity of neocortex: a critical review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "8957560_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Over the past decade, the number of experimental papers reporting physiological plasticity in primary neocortical regions, following certain types of controlled sensory experience, have increased greatly. These reports have been characterized by specific changes in receptive fields of individual neurons and/or the distributions of receptive fields across cortical maps. There is a widespread belief these types of plasticities have underlying Hebbian/covariance induction mechanisms. This belief appears to be based mainly on: (a) indirect evidence, largely from experiments on the kitten visual cortex, indicating that Hebbian induction mechanisms could be involved in neocortical plasticity; (b) the observation that some types of plasticity in systems other than neocortex follow Hebbian rules of induction; and (c) the adaptability of Hebbian induction mechanisms to models of neural plasticity. In addition, some experiments have directly tested the role of Hebbian induction mechanisms in experience-dependent neocortical plasticity. The present review critically analyzes these (and related) experiments, in order to evaluate the evidence for the Hebbian Hypothesis in experience-dependent physiological plasticity of neocortex. First, we present a set of criteria to show the involvement of a Hebbian process in any form of plasticity. Next, we compare evidence from each primary neocortical region to these criteria. Finally, we examine unresolved issues. While selected developmental studies are included, emphasis is placed on plasticity in the adult neocortex. It is concluded that there is some evidence meeting the criteria for the Hebbian hypothesis in neocortical plasticity. However, this evidence is quite limited considering the popular belief in the validity of the Hebbian hypothesis." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 1925 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "13706708_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of certain liquid organopolysiloxanes on cholesterol atherosclerosis of the rabbit." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "13706708_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 91 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "13706708_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "organopolysiloxanes" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "13706708_MESH:D002784_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 59 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002784" } ] }, { "id": "13706708_MESH:D050197_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050197" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "19160220_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Interventions for haemolytic uraemic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 86 ] ] }, { "id": "19160220_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) are related conditions with similar clinical features of variable severity. Survival of patients with HUS and TTP has improved greatly over the past two decades with improved supportive care for patients with HUS and by the use of plasma exchange (PE) with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) for patients with TTP. Separate pathogenesis of these two disorders has become more evident, but management overlaps. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the benefits and harms of different interventions for HUS and TTP separately, in patients of all ages. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), conference proceedings, reference lists of articles and text books and contact with investigators were used to identify relevant studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any interventions for HUS or TTP in patients of all ages. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three authors independently extracted data and evaluated study reporting quality using standard Cochrane criteria. Analysis was undertaken using a random effects model and results expressed as risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). MAIN RESULTS: For TTP, we found six RCTs (331 participants) evaluating PE with FFP as the control. Interventions tested included antiplatelet therapy (APT) plus PE with FFP, FFP transfusion and PE with cryosupernatant plasma (CSP). Two studies compared plasma infusion (PI) to PE with FFP and showed a significant increase in failure of remission at two weeks (RR 1.48, 95% 1.12 to 1.96) and all-cause mortality (RR 1.91, 95% 1.09 to 3.33) in the PI group. Seven RCTs were undertaken in children with HUS. None of the assessed interventions used (FFP transfusion, heparin with or without urokinase or dipyridamole, shiga toxin binding protein and steroids) were superior to supportive therapy alone, for all-cause mortality, neurological/extrarenal events, renal biopsy changes, proteinuria or hypertension at the last follow-up visit. Bleeding was significantly higher in those receiving anticoagulation therapy compared to supportive therapy alone (RR 25.89, 95% CI 3.67 to 182.83). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: PE with FFP is still the most effective treatment available for TTP. For patients with HUS, supportive therapy including dialysis is still the most effective treatment. All studies in HUS have been conducted in the diarrhoeal form of the disease. There were no RCTs evaluating the effectiveness of any interventions on patients with atypical HUS who have a more chronic and relapsing course." ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 2750 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "haemolytic uraemic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Haemolytic uraemic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 275 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 284 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 292 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 474 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 480, 483 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 669 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1370, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D003643_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1754, 1763 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1839, 1847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1853, 1856 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D006493_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "heparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1916, 1923 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006493" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D004176_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "dipyridamole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1953, 1965 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004176" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D013256_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "steroids" ], "offsets": [ [ 1999, 2007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013256" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D003643_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 2066, 2075 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011507_28", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "proteinuria" ], "offsets": [ [ 2131, 2142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011507" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D006973_29", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 2146, 2158 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006973" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D011697_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "TTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 2423, 2426 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011697" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_31", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2432, 2440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2446, 2449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2543, 2546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_9606_34", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 2678, 2686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "19160220_MESH:D000743_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HUS" ], "offsets": [ [ 2701, 2704 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000743" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22878172_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Optical frequency domain imaging to reveal an angiographically inapparent very late stent thrombosis as the cause of an acute coronary syndrome." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 144 ] ] }, { "id": "22878172_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 145 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22878172_MESH:D013927_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013927" } ] }, { "id": "22878172_MESH:D054058_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute coronary syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054058" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30662694_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Program and Book of the 15th Interuniversity Institute of Myology Meeting - Assisi (Italy), 2018." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 97 ] ] }, { "id": "30662694_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 98 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21642348_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Phylogenetic affiliations of members of the heterogeneous lichen-forming fungi of the genus Lecidea sensu Zahlbruckner (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 149 ] ] }, { "id": "21642348_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The genus Lecidea Ach. sensu lato (sensu Zahlbruckner) includes almost 1200 species, out of which only 100 species represent Lecidea sensu stricto (sensu Hertel). The systematic position of the remaining species is mostly unsettled but anticipated to represent several unrelated lineages within Lecanoromycetes. This study attempts to elucidate the phylogenetic placement of members of this heterogeneous group of lichen-forming fungi and to improve the classification and phylogeny of Lecanoromycetes. Twenty-five taxa of Lecidea sensu lato and 22 putatively allied species were studied in a broad selection of 268 taxa, representing 48 families of Lecanoromycetes. Six loci, including four ribosomal and two protein-coding genes for 315- and 209-OTU datasets were subjected to maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The resulting well supported phylogenetic relationships within Lecanoromycetes are in agreement with published phylogenies, but the addition of new taxa revealed putative rearrangements of several families (e.g. Catillariaceae, Lecanoraceae, Lecideaceae, Megalariaceae, Pilocarpaceae and Ramalinaceae). As expected, species of Lecidea sensu lato and putatively related taxa are scattered within Lecanoromycetidae and beyond, with several species nested in Lecanoraceae and Pilocarpaceae and others placed outside currently recognized families in Lecanorales and orders in Lecanoromycetidae. The phylogenetic affiliations of Schaereria and Strangospora are outside Lecanoromycetidae, probably with Ostropomycetidae. All species referred to as Lecidea sensu stricto based on morphology (including the type species, Lecidea fuscoatra [L.] Ach.) form, with Porpidia species, a monophyletic group with high posterior probability outside Lecanorales, Peltigerales and Teloschistales, in Lecanoromycetidae, supporting the recognition of order Lecideales Vain. in this subclass. The genus name Lecidea must be redefined to apply only to Lecidea sensu stricto and to include at least some members of the genus Porpidia. Based on morphological and chemical similarities, as well as the phylogenetic relationship of Lecidea pullata sister to Frutidella caesioatra, the new combination Frutidella pullata is proposed here." ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 2381 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21642348_88632_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 167 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 680 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1298, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1713, 1720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea fuscoatra" ], "offsets": [ [ 1784, 1801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 2057, 2064 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_88632_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea" ], "offsets": [ [ 2100, 2107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "88632" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_1042393_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Lecidea pullata" ], "offsets": [ [ 2276, 2291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1042393" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_284108_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Frutidella caesioatra" ], "offsets": [ [ 2302, 2323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "284108" } ] }, { "id": "21642348_1042393_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Frutidella pullata" ], "offsets": [ [ 2345, 2363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1042393" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9718336_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Evidence for at least two major loci influencing human fatness." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "9718336_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The genetics of human fatness has been the subject of many recent studies, motivated by the increased morbidity and mortality associated with obesity, as well as the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. The body-mass index (BMI) and fat mass (FM), measured by underwater weighing, were assessed for 1,630 individuals from approximately 300 families from phase 1 of the Quebec Family Study. The two phenotypes are highly correlated ( approximately .8) in adults, and previous segregation analysis revealed evidence for a recessive major gene for each trait. In our study, we utilized bivariate segregation analysis to determine the source(s) of phenotypic correlation-namely, a pleiotropic major gene, shared familial factors/polygenes, or shared nontransmitted environmental factors. Analysis was performed by use of the Pedigree Analysis Package, with extensions to the bivariate case. Tests of hypotheses provided evidence for two pleiotropic recessive loci, together accounting for 64% and 47% of the variance in BMI and FM, respectively. Under the model, all sources of phenotypic correlation were significant: 73% of the covariance was attributed to the pleiotropic major loci, 8% to residual familial effects, and 19% to nontransmitted environmental factors. The high degree of genetic identity between the two traits is not surprising, since the BMI often is used as a surrogate for FM; however, simultaneous analysis of both phenotypes enabled the detection of a second major locus, which apparently does not affect extreme overweight (as does the primary major locus) but which affects variation in the \"normal\" range." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 1703 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9718336_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_MESH:D005218_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fatness" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005218" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_MESH:D005218_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fatness" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 93 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005218" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_MESH:D009765_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_MESH:D009765_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 277 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009765" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_2331_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 321 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2331" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_2331_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1100, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2331" } ] }, { "id": "9718336_2331_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "FM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1468 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2331" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20638452_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Importance of vaccination habit and vaccine choice on influenza vaccination among healthy working adults." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 105 ] ] }, { "id": "20638452_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This randomized cluster trial was designed to improve workplace influenza vaccination rates using enhanced advertising, choice of vaccine type (intranasal or injectable) and an incentive. Workers aged 18-49 years were surveyed immediately following vaccination to determine factors associated with vaccination behavior and choice. The questionnaire assessed attitudes, beliefs and social support for influenza vaccine, demographics, and historical, current, and intentional vaccination behavior. Of the 2389 vaccinees, 83.3% received injectable vaccine and 16.7% received intranasal vaccine. Factors associated with previous influenza vaccination were older age, female sex, higher education and greater support for injectable vaccine (all P<.02). Current influenza vaccination with intranasal vaccine vs. injectable vaccine was associated with higher education, the study interventions, greater support for the intranasal vaccine and nasal sprays, less support of injectable vaccine, more negative attitudes about influenza vaccine, and a greater likelihood of reporting that the individual would not have been vaccinated had only injectable vaccine been offered (all P<.01). Intentional vaccine choice was most highly associated with previous vaccination behavior (P<.001). A key to long term improvements in workplace vaccination is to encourage first time influenza vaccination through interventions that include incentives, publicity and vaccine choice." ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 1564 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10666843_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Hereditary hemochromatosis--new developments after discovery of the HFE gene]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "10666843_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is an autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism, resulting in an increased iron deposition and multiorgan failure. Recently a candidate gene of HH, termed HFE, has been identified on chromosome 6, coding for a protein homologous to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Two mutations of the hemochromatosis gene leading to an exchange of cysteine to tyrosine at aminoacid 282 and histidine to asparagine at aminoacid 63, are retained responsible for the development of hereditary hemochromatosis. The Cys282Tyr-mutation disrupts a disulfid bond and thus abrogates binding of the mutant HFE-protein to beta 2-microglobulin and its presentation on the cell surface. The His63Asp-mutation seems to play a role in pH-regulated dissociation of the transferrin receptor/transferrin complex in the lysosome. Mutations of the HFE-protein alter the affinity of the transferrin receptor for its ligand transferrin and may thus cause an intracellular accumulation of iron. Knowledge of the responsible gene allows a molecular diagnosis of HH. The new genetic marker can be used for screening and confirmation of HH reducing the need for confirmatory liver biopsies. Compared to standard screening parameters like ferritin and transferrin saturation genetic testing will allow the diagnosis of HH in an early, asymptomatic state before iron accumulation has occurred. As a normal life expectancy of patients with HH can be achieved if iron reduction is initiated early, genetic testing may thus be of great benefit for patients with HH." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1662 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hereditary hemochromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_3077_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HFE" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3077" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hereditary hemochromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D019189_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019189" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D007501_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D009102_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiorgan failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 231 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009102" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_3077_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HFE" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 276 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3077" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_6_9", "type": "Chromosome", "text": [ "chromosome 6" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "unknown", "db_id": "6" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hemochromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_tmVar:p|SUB|C|282|Y;HGVS:p.C282Y;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1800562;CA#:113795_11", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "cysteine to tyrosine at aminoacid 282" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 513 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|C|282|Y;HGVS:p.C282Y;VariantGroup:0;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1800562;CA#:113795" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_tmVar:p|SUB|H|63|N;HGVS:p.H63N;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1799945_12", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "histidine to asparagine at aminoacid 63" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 557 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|H|63|N;HGVS:p.H63N;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1799945" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hereditary hemochromatosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 633 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_-_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "disulfid" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 677 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_3077_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HFE" ], "offsets": [ [ 724, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3077" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_567_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta 2-microglobulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "567" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_tmVar:p|SUB|H|63|D;HGVS:p.H63D;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1799945;CA#:113797_17", "type": "ProteinMutation", "text": [ "His63Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "tmVar", "db_id": "tmVar:p|SUB|H|63|D;HGVS:p.H63D;VariantGroup:1;CorrespondingGene:3077;RS#:1799945;CA#:113797" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_7037_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transferrin receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 881, 901 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7037" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_7018_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 913 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7018" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_3077_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HFE" ], "offsets": [ [ 956, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3077" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_7037_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transferrin receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 994, 1014 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7037" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_7018_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1041 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7018" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D007501_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_24", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_7018_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transferrin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1353, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7018" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1420, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D007501_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1466 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_9606_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1525, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_30", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1539, 1541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D007501_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "iron" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007501" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_9606_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10666843_MESH:D006432_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1659, 1661 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006432" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21166511_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Unresolved issues in the management of endometrial cancer." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "21166511_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Endometrial cancers are the most common gynecological malignancies in developed countries. Surgery is the main treatment modality but radiotherapy and, increasingly, chemotherapy are used to treat women with advanced disease and those at high risk of recurrence. Although the treatment of endometrial cancer is becoming increasingly evidence based, there remains a lack of consensus in several aspects of management. These include issues related to the type and extent of surgery and the role of adjuvant treatments as well as more conservative treatment options for younger women. This article discusses these unresolved issues, the current evidence in these areas, and highlights where current research is attempting to answer some of the outstanding questions." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 822 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21166511_MESH:D016889_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endometrial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 57 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016889" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_MESH:D016889_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Endometrial cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016889" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 125 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 256, 261 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_MESH:D020178_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "advanced disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 267, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D020178" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_MESH:D016889_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endometrial cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 366 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D016889" } ] }, { "id": "21166511_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28872606_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Hypophosphite/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Hybrids: Preparation and Flame-Retardant Application in Thermoplastic Polyurethane." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "28872606_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A series of aluminum hypophosphite (AHPi)/graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C3N4) (designated as CAHPi) hybrids were prepared, followed by incorporation into thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The introduction of CAHPi hybrids into TPU led to a marked reduction in the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR), total heat release, weight loss rate, smoke production rate and total smoke production (TSP). For instance, pHRR and TSP decreased by 40% and 50% for TPU/CAHPi20. Furthermore, the increasing fire growth index and decreasing fire performance index were obtained for TPU/CAHPi systems, suggesting reduced fire hazards. It was found that improved fire safety of TPU nanocomposites was contributed by condensed phase and gas phase mechanisms. On one hand, g-C3N4 accelerated the thermal decomposition of AHPi for the formation of more char layers. On the other hand, g-C3N4 induced AHPi to generate more free radical capture agents when exposed to flame, besides protecting AHPi against thermal oxidation." ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 1128 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28872606_MESH:C011206_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Carbon Nitride" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C011206" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_MESH:D011140_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Polyurethane" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 121 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011140" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "aluminum hypophosphite" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "AHPi" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_MESH:D006108_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "graphite" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006108" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_MESH:C011206_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon nitride" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C011206" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_MESH:D011140_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polyurethane" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011140" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_-_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TPU" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 310 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_MESH:D015431_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "weight loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015431" } ] }, { "id": "28872606_-_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "TPU" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "25819808_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Detecting and monitoring the symptoms of Parkinson's disease using smartphones: A pilot study." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 94 ] ] }, { "id": "25819808_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Remote, non-invasive and objective tests that can be used to support expert diagnosis for Parkinson's disease (PD) are lacking. METHODS: Participants underwent baseline in-clinic assessments, including the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and were provided smartphones with an Android operating system that contained a smartphone application that assessed voice, posture, gait, finger tapping, and response time. Participants then took the smart phones home to perform the five tasks four times a day for a month. Once a week participants had a remote (telemedicine) visit with a Parkinson disease specialist in which a modified (excluding assessments of rigidity and balance) UPDRS performed. Using statistical analyses of the five tasks recorded using the smartphone from 10 individuals with PD and 10 controls, we sought to: (1) discriminate whether the participant had PD and (2) predict the modified motor portion of the UPDRS. RESULTS: Twenty participants performed an average of 2.7 tests per day (68.9% adherence) for the study duration (average of 34.4 days) in a home and community setting. The analyses of the five tasks differed between those with Parkinson disease and those without. In discriminating participants with PD from controls, the mean sensitivity was 96.2% (SD 2%) and mean specificity was 96.9% (SD 1.9%). The mean error in predicting the modified motor component of the UPDRS (range 11-34) was 1.26 UPDRS points (SD 0.16). CONCLUSION: Measuring PD symptoms via a smartphone is feasible and has potential value as a diagnostic support tool." ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 1690 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 721 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D009127_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "rigidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 787 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009127" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 920 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participant" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 992 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 999 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1073, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1301 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "25819808_MESH:D010300_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1596, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "8872910_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Adaptation of TCR expression vectors for the construction of mouse-human chimeric MBP-specific TCR transgenes." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "8872910_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "T cell receptor (TCR) transgenic mice have been used extensively to study T cell development in vivo. Such studies have demonstrated high levels of expression of the TCR transgenes. Although a number of human T cell receptors appear to play a role in the development of autoimmune diseases, in vitro studies have proven inadequate for investigation of their putative pathogenicity. Several groups have reported the isolation of myelin basic protein (MBP)-reactive T cell clones from patients with multiple sclerosis and many of the T cell receptors from such clones have been well characterized. Since a number of inbred mouse strains have demonstrated susceptibility to a similar T cell-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease known as EAE, a useful animal model is likely to be generated by expressing human MBP-specific TCR in susceptible mice. As a first step toward this goal we have cloned a number of TCR genes into an expression vector previously used for murine TCR genes. Here we report the development of a rapid cloning system for the generation of mouse-human chimeric TCR transgene constructs and the use of this system for the production of MBP-specific TCR transgenes. Human MBP-specific TCR transgenic mice will provide a unique system for the investigation of T cell-mediated demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS)." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 1467 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "8872910_6962_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_29278_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "expression vectors" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29278" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 85 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_328483_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "T cell receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "328483" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_328483_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 128, 131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "328483" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "transgenic mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_9", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_29278_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29278" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_11", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 314, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_13", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_MESH:D001327_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "autoimmune diseases" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001327" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "myelin basic protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 561, 564 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_17", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 602 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_MESH:D009103_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "multiple sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 626 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009103" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_20", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 643, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 737 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_22", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 792, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_MESH:D003711_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammatory demyelinating disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 842 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003711" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 919, 924 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 938, 941 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_27", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 961 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_29278_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1041, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "29278" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_30", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_328483_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1086, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "328483" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_32", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1176, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_33", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1187 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1197, 1200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1271, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_9606_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1300, 1305 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_4155_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1306, 1309 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4155" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_6962_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TCR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6962" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_10090_40", "type": "Species", "text": [ "transgenic mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 1323, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_T cell_41", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "T cell" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "T cell" } ] }, { "id": "8872910_MESH:D003711_42", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "demyelinating disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003711" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2813249_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Growth and development of broiler breeders. 2. Independent effects of dietary formulation versus body weight on skeletal and muscle growth." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 139 ] ] }, { "id": "2813249_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The relationship between body weight gain, nutrient intake, and skeletal and muscle growth in broiler breeder pullets was studied in two experiments. A total of 720 and 540 pullets were started in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively. In the first study, growing pullets were fed either a 15% protein, 2,885 kcal ME/kg pullet grower diet or a 23% protein, 3,133 kcal ME/kg broiler starter diet from 2 to 16 wk of age. Within each dietary treatment, there were three body weight groupings (light, control, heavy) achieved by manipulating weekly feed allowances. At 8, 12, and 16 wk of age, 12 pullets from each diet and body weight grouping were killed for muscle [pectoralis major] and skeletal (shank, keel, tibia, clavicle) measurements. As body weight increased, so did skeletal growth, but there were no significant differences in skeletal measurements related to diet. At 12 and 16 wk of age, pullets fed the broiler starter diet had significantly larger p. major muscles. In Experiment 2, growing pullets were fed restricted diets: 1) the 15% protein grower diet (control), 2) the broiler starter diet adjusted weekly to the same calculated calorie intake as that obtained with the grower diet (broiler starter calorie), or 3) the broiler starter diet adjusted to the same calculated protein intake as the grower ration (broiler starter protein). At 16 wk, there were no significant differences between body weight or skeletal measurements of the control and broiler starter calorie treatments. Pullets in the broiler starter calorie treatment did have significantly larger pectoralis muscles and less abdominal fat than those fed the 15% grower diet. Pullets in the broiler starter protein treatment were significantly lighter and had shorter bones, less abdominal fat, and smaller p. major muscles than those in the control treatment." ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 1979 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2813249_9157_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "p. major" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9157" } ] }, { "id": "2813249_9157_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "p. major" ], "offsets": [ [ 1926, 1934 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9157" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16159932_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D suppresses circulating levels of parathyroid hormone in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and coexistent sarcoidosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 150 ] ] }, { "id": "16159932_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "CONTEXT: PTH is excessively secreted to develop hypercalcemia and accelerate bone turnover in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. PTH stimulates the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] that in turn suppresses the synthesis of PTH in parathyroid cells. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to clarify whether 1,25(OH)2D indeed inhibits circulating levels of PTH and influences bone turnover, even in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENT: We evaluated PTH levels in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism and coexistent sarcoidosis whose serum 1,25(OH)2D levels were independent of PTH. INTERVENTIONS AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The present case was treated with prednisolone before and after surgical resection of parathyroid adenoma, and Ca-regulating hormones and bone markers were measured. RESULTS: Serum Ca and PTH levels significantly decreased after parathyroid surgery, whereas serum 1,25(OH)2D levels remained high. Prednisolone administration promptly decreased serum 1,25(OH)2D levels and reciprocally increased PTH levels despite consistent serum Ca levels either before or after surgery. PTH levels were negatively correlated with serum 1,25(OH)2D levels before and after surgery. Urine N-telopeptides, serum osteocalcin, and bone-type alkaline phosphatase all decreased to physiological ranges after parathyroid surgery. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that 1,25(OH)2D indeed inhibits the production of PTH not to exacerbate hypercalcemia in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. Furthermore, PTH but not 1,25(OH)2D may primarily be involved in the stimulation of bone turnover." ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 1817 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16159932_MESH:C097949_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C097949" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "parathyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 89 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D049950_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "primary hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049950" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D012507_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sarcoidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 149 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012507" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 163 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D006934_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypercalcemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006934" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D049950_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "primary hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049950" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 291 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:C097949_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 344 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C097949" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 399, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 496 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 586 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D049950_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "primary hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 592, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049950" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "PATIENT" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 667 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 687 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D049950_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "primary hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049950" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D012507_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "sarcoidosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012507" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_22", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 801 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D011239_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "prednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 890 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011239" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D010282_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "parathyroid adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 930, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010282" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1032, 1035 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D011239_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Prednisolone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1153 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011239" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1317, 1320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_632_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "osteocalcin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "632" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_33", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1591, 1601 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1636, 1639 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D006934_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypercalcemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006934" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1677, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_MESH:D049950_37", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "primary hyperparathyroidism" ], "offsets": [ [ 1690, 1717 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D049950" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_5741_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PTH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1732, 1735 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5741" } ] }, { "id": "16159932_-_39", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "1,25(OH)2D" ], "offsets": [ [ 1744, 1754 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3362112_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "IgG4 FAST test in food allergic individuals: preliminary results." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 65 ] ] }, { "id": "3362112_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "We feel that one, the double blind oral food provocation protocol offers a reliable, realistic and objective method to make an observation and correlation of specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to food allergy; second, these preliminary results thus far suggest a lack of \"correlation\" between history and skin tests, although there appears to be a better \"correlation\" between history and in vitro tests; third, these studies demonstrate a lack of \"correlation\" between skin tests and the presence of specific IgE and IgG4 antibodies to milk; and fourth, in spite of the positive symptom scores of the subjects, there was no direct relation between the numerical values of specific IgE and IgG4 milk antibodies to the oral milk provocation results." ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 812 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3362112_MESH:D005512_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "food allergic" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005512" } ] }, { "id": "3362112_MESH:D004342_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "food allergy" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 272 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D004342" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "27023953_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Combating MRSA: the drug-resistant \"superbug.\" Bacteria that don't succumb to the usual antibiotics give everyone the jitters. But there's a lot we can do to keep the upper hand." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 180 ] ] }, { "id": "27023953_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 181 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10899395_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cortical interleukin-1 beta elevation after traumatic brain injury in the rat: no effect of two selective antagonists on motor recovery." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 136 ] ] }, { "id": "10899395_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Interleukin-1 is an inflammatory cytokine implicated in secondary responses to traumatic brain injury. We utilized a specific IL-beta enzyme-linked immunoadsorbant assay to examine the expression of IL-beta after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat. IL-beta was significantly elevated in the ipsilateral injured cortex at 4 h after injury. Increased levels of IL-beta were also observed at 12, 24 and 72 h after injury, although such changes did not reach statistical significance. To determine whether injury-induced IL-beta expression may contribute to subsequent neurological impairment, we treated rats with either of two structurally different, selective IL-1 antagonists and monitored neurological recovery 1, 7 and 14 days later. Intracerebroventricular treatment with either the endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (10 microg) at 15 min, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h after injury or soluble IL-1 receptors (10 microg) at 15 min, 4 and 8 h after injury did not significantly alter outcome in a series of motor tasks. These data suggest that cortical elevations of IL-beta follow traumatic brain injury, but they may not contribute to subsequent neurological impairment." ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 1323 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10899395_24494_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "interleukin-1 beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 27 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24494" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D000070642_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 77 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D000070642_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 216, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D001930_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 387 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001930" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_10116_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D009422_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurological impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 716, 739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_10116_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 756 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D000070642_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "traumatic brain injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000070642" } ] }, { "id": "10899395_MESH:D009422_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neurological impairment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1299, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009422" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15530229_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sexual health entering primary care: is prevention better than cure?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] }, { "id": "15530229_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 69 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30311517_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Gender, Escalatory Tendencies, and Verbal Aggression in Intimate Relationships." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "30311517_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This study examined the relationship between gender, escalatory tendencies, and the use of verbal aggression among four types of heterosexual dyads: couples with no verbal aggression, man-only verbal aggression, woman-only verbal aggression, and both-partner verbal aggression. The study was based on a community sample of 65 couples (130 men and women). The findings show that while there is no gender difference in the prevalence and incidence of verbal aggression, there is a difference in the levels of motivation to put one's partner \"in his or her place\" and avoid a confrontation with one's partner. Thus, there is a gender difference in escalatory tendency. This difference is evident in the greater motivation to put one's partner in his or her place observed among women, as compared with men, and in the lower motivation to avoid confrontation observed among women, as compared with men. Moreover, unlike among men, among women, the motivation to put one's partner in his place is higher than the motivation to avoid confrontation. It follows that the escalatory tendency among women is greater than the escalatory tendency among men. The findings also demonstrate significant gender differences in motivations and escalatory tendencies within the different types of dyads examined. These findings establish the relationship between escalation and aggression and also provide a glimpse into the mechanisms that sustain that relationship." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 1528 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30311517_MESH:D013064_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Verbal Aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013064" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D001523_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 188 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D001523_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D013064_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "verbal aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013064" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "woman" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D001523_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D001523_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 432 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D013064_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "verbal aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 546 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013064" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 860 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 882 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 955 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1005 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1013, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_16", "type": "Species", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 1221, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "30311517_MESH:D001523_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1439, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29021758_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Acute Neuromuscular Adaptations in the Postural Control of Patients with Parkinson's Disease after Perturbed Walking." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] }, { "id": "29021758_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Patients suffering from Parkinson's disease (PD) present motor impairments reflected in the dynamics of the center of pressure (CoP) adjustments during quiet standing. One method to study the dynamics of CoP adjustments is the entropic half-life (EnHL), which measures the short-term correlations of a time series at different time scales. Changes in the EnHL of CoP time series suggest neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. In this study, we sought to investigate the immediate changes in the EnHL of CoP adjustments of patients with PD during one session of perturbed (experimental group) and unperturbed treadmill walking (control group). A total of 39 patients with PD participated in this study. The experimental group (n = 19) walked on a treadmill providing small tilting of the treadmill platform. The control group (n = 20) walked without perturbations. Each participant performed 5-min practice followed by three 5-min training blocks of walking with or without perturbation (with 3-min resting in between). Quiet standing CoP data was collected for 30 s at pre-training, after each training block, immediately post-training, and after 10 min retention. The EnHL was computed on the original and surrogates (phase-randomized) CoP signals in the medio-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) directions. Data was analyzed using four-way mixed ANOVA. Increased EnHL values were observed for both groups (Time effect, p < 0.001) as the intervention progressed, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in the control of posture. The EnHL of surrogate signals were significantly lower than for original signals (p < 0.001), confirming that these adaptations come from non-random control processes. There was no Group effect (p = 0.622), however by analyzing the significant Group by Direction by Time interaction (p < 0.05), a more pronounced effect in the ML direction of the perturbed group was observed. Altogether, our findings show that treadmill walking decreases the complexity of CoP adjustments, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in balance control during a short training period. Further investigations are required to assess these adaptations during longer training intervals." ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 2326 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29021758_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_MESH:D010300_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's Disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 92 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_MESH:D010300_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Parkinson's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_MESH:D010300_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 165 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 662 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_MESH:D010300_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 670 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_9606_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 797 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_MESH:D010300_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 803, 805 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "29021758_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participant" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "24277112_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "From the Journal archives: Understanding the mechanism(s) regulating hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction: how an early study has led to novel translational approaches." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 166 ] ] }, { "id": "24277112_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "UNLABELLED: Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) is a fundamental physiological process whereby ventilation/perfusion matching is optimized through the constriction of the pulmonary circulation supplying poorly ventilated lung units. In their 1981 paper in the Journal, Noble, Kay, and Fisher used a series of animal experiments to show that alveolar carbon dioxide (CO2) plays a critical role in the regulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. At physiological concentrations, CO2 potentiates the HPV response, and the absence of alveolar CO2 blunts HPV. The enhancement of HPV by CO2 resulted in reduced perfusion of specific hypoxic lung regions, thereby improving systemic oxygenation in lung-ventilated dogs. AUTHORS: William H. Noble, J. Colin Kay, Joseph A. Fisher CITATION: Can Anaesth Soc J 1981; 28: 422-30. PURPOSE: To determine the dominant effect of variations in alveolar carbon dioxide tension on hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The group found that 1) increasing alveolar carbon dioxide concentrations enhanced hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction; 2) this enhancement improved oxygenation in ventilated dogs with regional alveolar hypoxia; and 3) this enhanced oxygenation was not due to increased cardiac output. CONCLUSIONS: Increased alveolar carbon dioxide enhances hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. In clinical scenarios where hypoventilated or hypoxic lung regions exist, e.g., one-lung ventilation or lung consolidation, permissive hypercapnea may improve oxygenation." ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 1693 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 218 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 522, 536 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 658 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 675, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 731 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "HPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 755 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 759, 762 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_9615_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dogs" ], "offsets": [ [ 885, 889 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D017827_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Joseph A" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 940 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017827" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1077 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1089, 1123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1228, 1262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_9615_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "dogs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9615" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D000860_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1354 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000860" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D002245_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbon dioxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002245" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D008171_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1486, 1520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "24277112_MESH:D007040_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypoventilated or hypoxic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1550, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007040" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22811053_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Creativity and psychiatric disorders: exploring a marginal area]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 66 ] ] }, { "id": "22811053_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Creativity is an important human quality on which many of man's achievements are based. AIM: To give a historical and cultural context, to facilitate meaningful scientific research into the link between creativity and psychiatric disorders. METHOD: Review of relevant literature. RESULTS: The possibility of a link between creativity and psychiatric vulnerability was first discussed in antiquity. Modern interest in the subject stems from the romantic era and acquired a scientific aura in the 19th century. In the 20th century creativity and psychopathology became still further entangled as a result of the influence that mentally disturbed artists exerted on art. The history of the Prinzhorn collection illustrates many aspects of this interaction. Psychometric, psychodiagnostic and genetic research supports a link between creativity and psychiatric illness within the bipolar-psychotic continuum, with schizotypy/thymotypy as prototypes of creativity-related disorders. Evolutionary hypotheses connect the schizophrenia paradox to a survival advantage obtained as a result of enhanced creative ability. Neuro-aesthetics explains the neurologic correlates of the aesthetic experience on the basis of the features of the visual system. CONCLUSION: A specific challenge for scientific research in this complex and heterogeneous area is appropriate operationalisation of creativity and psychiatric illness within an truly artistic context. There is a continuing need for meaningful definitions and measurement instruments and for a multidisciplinary collaboration." ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 1647 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "22811053_MESH:D001523_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 37 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 111 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D001523_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 318 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D001523_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D001523_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 943 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D011618_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "bipolar-psychotic" ], "offsets": [ [ 955, 972 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011618" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D012559_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1093, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012559" } ] }, { "id": "22811053_MESH:D001523_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "psychiatric illness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1469, 1488 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001523" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33371070_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Diagnostic value of microRNA-25 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer in Chinese population: A systematic review and meta-analysis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 137 ] ] }, { "id": "33371070_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that microRNA-25 (miR-25) plays a key role in the occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Many studies have shown that there is a significant increment of miR-25 in circulating blood of patients with NSCLC. The meta-analysis aims to explore diagnostic value of miR-25 in NSCLC in Chinese population. METHODS: PubMed, Web of science, Excerpta Medica Database, China national knowledge infrastructure and China Wanfang database were searched to collect studies upon correlation between miR-25 and diagnosis of the patients with NSCLC until April 2020. Combined sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio and area under receiver operating characteristic curve were calculated by Stata 15.0 software. Literature assessment was conducted according to quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies, and documents with scores above or equal to 11 were included in this meta-analysis. RESULTS: Six studies were included, including 480 cases with NSCLC and 451 healthy controls. The combined sensitivity (0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.69~0.80), specificity (0.81, 95% CI: 0.76~0.86), positive likelihood ratio (4.04, 95% CI: 3.14~5.20), negative likelihood ratio (0.31, 95% CI: 0.25~0.37), diagnostic odds ratio (13.09, 95% CI: 9.37~18.29) and area under curve (0.85, 95% CI: 0.82~0.88) indicated that miR-25 had desirable diagnostic accuracy for NSCLC. CONCLUSION: MiR-25 can be applied in diagnosis of NSCLC and has potential of becoming a biomarker for detection of patients with early NSCLC in Chinese population." ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 1782 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "33371070_407014_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "microRNA-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D008175_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008175" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "microRNA-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 193 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 201 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "non-small cell lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 283 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 290 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 364 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 408 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 479 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_9606_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 723 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "miR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 1567, 1573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1612, 1617 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_407014_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MiR-25" ], "offsets": [ [ 1631, 1637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "407014" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1669, 1674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_9606_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1742 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "33371070_MESH:D002289_21", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "NSCLC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1754, 1759 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002289" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9414352_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Variation in results of measurement repetition of human characteristics and activities." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "9414352_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The analysis of measurement variation in Ergonomics/Human Factors research reflects different approaches such as those prevalent in either the technical sciences or in the social sciences. The distinction is often a consequence of different types of measuring, for example measuring 'at' human beings as opposed to measuring 'through' human beings. In measuring 'at' human beings, as in anthropometrics, the measurement can be repeated several times. This allows the dispersion in results to be demonstrated via their standard deviation, as is usual in the technical sciences. In measuring 'through' human beings as, for example, in their performance in force exertion, a test-retest design is often adopted, i.e. a single repetition through several subjects in order to anticipate carry-over. In a number of research papers which were scrutinised, test-retest dispersion seems to have been analysed incompletely, ambiguously or incorrectly. In this paper a more appropriate way to specify within-subject dispersion is proposed, taking into account the dispersion patterning throughout the subjects. The relevance of studying this patterning is discussed, in terms of insight into human control, setting margins in design and for limiting the number of measurement repetitions per subject." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1377 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9414352_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 381 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 428 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 460 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 693 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "9414352_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1269, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "12198381_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Effect of alcohol on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by macrophages in the presence of rat serum." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 110 ] ] }, { "id": "12198381_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: It is suggested that endotoxin, proinflammatory cytokines, and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) play an important role in the development of alcoholic liver disease. Our previous study showed that splenic macrophages were important for endotoxin uptake and excessive production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in rats given large amounts of alcohol. To determine the pathophysiological roles of macrophages in alcoholic liver disease, we examined the effect of ethanol on TNF-alpha secretion of rat Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages in the presence or absence of LBP. METHODS: Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and peritoneal macrophages were isolated from male Sprague Dawley rats. After the preculture in the medium containing 0, 10, 50, and 100 mmol/liter of ethanol, TNF-alpha secretion by these cells incubated with 100 ng/ml of endotoxin in the presence or absence of LBP (1% rat serum) was determined. RESULTS: In the absence of LBP, an addition of ethanol to the medium suppressed TNF-alpha secretion of alveolar macrophages. Kupffer cells and peritoneal macrophages were less affected. Addition of LBP led to marked enhancement (7- to 24-fold) of TNF-alpha secretion of macrophages either with or without ethanol in the medium. Although ethanol tended to suppress TNF-alpha secretion of these cells, alveolar macrophages were less affected in the presence of LBP. CONCLUSIONS: Serum LBP enhances the secretion of TNF-alpha by macrophages. Alveolar macrophages may be important for excessive production of TNF-alpha in chronic alcoholics with endotoxemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 1726 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000438_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 17 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_10116_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 103 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "lipopolysaccharide-binding protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 220 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D008108_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcoholic liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 295 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008108" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_103694380_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "103694380" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_103694380_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "103694380" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_10116_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 447 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000438_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alcohol" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000438" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D008108_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "alcoholic liver disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008108" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000431_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 611 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_10116_13", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 628 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_10116_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Sprague Dawley rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 825, 844 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000431_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 925, 932 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 943 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1040 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_10116_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1048 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1099, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000431_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1119, 1126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1152, 1161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1328 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000431_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1377, 1384 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D000431_26", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "ethanol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1416 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000431" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1436, 1445 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1531, 1534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_29469_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "LBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1555, 1558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29469" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1585, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_24835_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TNF-alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 1677, 1686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "24835" } ] }, { "id": "12198381_MESH:D019446_32", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "endotoxemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1714, 1725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019446" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7361452_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "In vitro formation of the concatemeric DNA of bacteriophage T3 and its biological activity in the in vitro packaging reaction." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 126 ] ] }, { "id": "7361452_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 127 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7361452_10759_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bacteriophage T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10759" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9607734_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Empirical therapy of infections in neutropenic patients." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ] }, { "id": "9607734_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 57 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9607734_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "9607734_MESH:D009503_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "neutropenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 46 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009503" } ] }, { "id": "9607734_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 55 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18634936_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Is adhesive cementation of endodontic posts necessary?" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 54 ] ] }, { "id": "18634936_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Recently, the appropriate, durable bond of adhesive systems and composite resin cements to retain endodontic posts was challenged. The question arises whether it would be possible to place glass fiber posts in a less technique sensitive conventional nonadhesive approach. The influence of nonadhesive, self-adhesive, and etch-and-rinse systems on load capability of postendodontic restorations was studied. Human maxillary central incisors were divided into 4 groups (n = 10). Teeth were endodontically treated and restored by using glass fiber posts luted with different cements/composite resin combinations: (1) RelyX Unicem (3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany)/Clearfil Core (Kuraray Europe, Duesseldorf, Germany), (2) RelyX Unicem/LuxaCore, (3) zinc phosphate cement/Clearfil, and (4) LuxaCore (DMG, Hamburg, Germany)/Clearfil. A 2 mm-ferrule preparation was performed. All specimens received adhesively luted all-ceramic crowns and were exposed to thermal cycling and mechanical loading before subsequent static loading. Significant differences between the experimental groups regarding load capability and fracture patterns were observed. The conventional non-adhesive post cementation is less reliable to withstand simulated functional forces compared to adhesive approaches." ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 1328 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18634936_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Human" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 467 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18634936_MESH:C043952_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "zinc phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 809 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C043952" } ] }, { "id": "18634936_MESH:D050723_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fracture" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D050723" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1400253_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Functional roles assigned to the periplasmic, linker, and receiver domains of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirA protein." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "1400253_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "VirA and VirG activate the Agrobacterium tumefaciens vir regulon in response to phenolic compounds, monosaccharides, and acidity released from plant wound sites. VirA contains an amino-terminal periplasmic domain and three cytoplasmic domains: a linker, a protein kinase, and a phosphoryl receiver. We constructed internal deletions of virA that truncate one or more domains and tested the ability of the resulting proteins to mediate environmentally responsive vir gene activation in vivo. The periplasmic domain is required for sensing of monosaccharides (in agreement with earlier results), while the linker domain is required for sensing of phenolic compounds and acidity. The phosphoryl receiver domain of VirA plays an inhibitory role in signal transduction that may be modulated by phosphorylation. The carboxy terminus of the protein was also dispensable for tumorigenesis, while the periplasmic domain was required." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1046 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1400253_358_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "358" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_6381972_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VirA" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6381972" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_6381972_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VirA" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 126 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6381972" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_1224329_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VirG" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 135 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "1224329" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_358_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Agrobacterium tumefaciens" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 174 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "358" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_MESH:D009005_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "monosaccharides" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009005" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_6381972_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VirA" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6381972" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_6381972_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "virA" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 462 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6381972" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_MESH:D009005_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "monosaccharides" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 678 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009005" } ] }, { "id": "1400253_6381972_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "VirA" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 837 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6381972" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2716936_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Initial experiences with implanted drug pumps for continuous intrathecal calcitonin therapy in therapy-resistant pain]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 120 ] ] }, { "id": "2716936_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The hormone calcitonin has proved itself for some years in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. In addition to its known influence on calcium exchange it gives vise to an analgesic effect within the central nervous system and this follows systemic administration or after bolus intrathecal injection. Two patients with chronic non malignant pain are presented in whom continuous delivery pumps have been used for intrathecal Lachs-Calcitonin (Karil, Fa. Sandoz)." ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 587 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2716936_796_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calcitonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 84 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "796" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_MESH:D010146_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_796_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calcitonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "796" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_MESH:D059350_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 197, 209 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D059350" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_MESH:D002118_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 266 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 438 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_MESH:D010146_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 470 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010146" } ] }, { "id": "2716936_796_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Calcitonin" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "796" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "20725530_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Microfluidic Multicompartment Device for Neuroscience Research." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 63 ] ] }, { "id": "20725530_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "This paper describes and characterizes a novel microfabricated neuronal culture device. This device combines microfabrication, microfluidic, and surface micropatterning techniques to create a multicompartment neuronal culturing device that can be used in a number of neuroscience research applications. The device is fabricated in poly(dimethylsiloxane), PDMS, using soft lithography techniques. The PDMS device is placed on a tissue culture dish (polystyrene) or glass substrate, forming two compartments with volumes of less than 2 muL each. These two compartments are separated by a physical barrier in which a number of micron-size grooves are embedded to allow growth of neurites across the compartments while maintaining fluidic isolation. Cells are plated into the somal (cell body) compartment, and after 3-4 days, neurites extend into the neuritic compartment via the grooves. Viability of the neurons in the devices is between 50 and 70% after 7 days in culture; this is slightly lower than but comparable to values for a control grown on tissue culture dishes. Healthy neuron morphology is evident in both the devices and controls. We demonstrate the ability to use hydrostatic pressure to isolate insults to one compartment and, thus, expose localized areas of neurons to insults applied in soluble form. Due to the high resistance of the microgrooves for fluid transport, insults are contained in the neuritic compartment without appreciable leakage into the somal compartment for over 15 h. Finally, we demonstrate the use of polylysine patterning in combination with the microfabricated device to facilitate identification and visualization of neurons. The ability to direct sites of neuronal attachment and orientation of neurite outgrowth by micropatterning techniques, combined with fluidically isolated compartments within the culture area, offers significant advantages over standard open culture methods and other conventional methods for manipulating distinct neuronal microenvironments." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 2073 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "20725530_MESH:C013830_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "poly(dimethylsiloxane)" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C013830" } ] }, { "id": "20725530_MESH:D011137_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polystyrene" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 523 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011137" } ] }, { "id": "20725530_MESH:D011107_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "polylysine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1604, 1614 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D011107" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9683694_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Breathhold MR urography: comparison between HASTE and RARE in healthy volunteers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 81 ] ] }, { "id": "9683694_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The purpose of our study was to determine relative values of rapid acquisition relaxation enhancement (RARE) and half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin-echo (HASTE) sequences in breathhold magnetic resonance (MR) urography in healthy volunteers under nonobstructive conditions of the urinary tract. A total of 20 healthy volunteers underwent MR urography with breathhold RARE and HASTE sequences at 1.5 T. For evaluation, the urinary tract was divided into nine segments on each side. Visualization of segments and artifacts was scored and the intensity ratios (InR) were determined. The upper five urinary segments were sufficiently visualized with RARE and significantly better with HASTE (renal calices, p = 0.002-0.037). The middle and lower ureter was sufficiently delineated both with RARE and HASTE, but HASTE images were statistically superior (p = 0.009-0.041). Both in RARE and HASTE images, the lower ureter was frequently superimposed by bowel contents and bowel motion. Superimposition of genital organs degraded image quality in eight of ten female volunteers. InRs were superior with HASTE in the kidney and ureter (p = 0.0003-0.0125). RARE InRs were higher in the bladder (p = 0.0008-0.014). We concluded that neither the RARE nor the HASTE sequences allowed the evaluation of the entire urinary tract under nonobstructive conditions. Although it cannot entirely replace intravenous urography, MR urography seems to lend itself to combination with other MR techniques, particularly in the investigation of pelvic or retroperitoneal disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 1647 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9683694_MESH:C538370_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pelvic or retroperitoneal disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1613, 1646 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C538370" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "6490020_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "[Apropos of drug addicts. Challenges of participation and education for public health]." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 87 ] ] }, { "id": "6490020_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Community participation to improve the health of the population and to control disease is nowadays strongly recommended by the World Health Organization. How should such participation be implemented? Certain important conditions for its implementation have been underrated. Among them, self confidence is of great importance. Experts are sometimes too specialized and cannot grasp the various implications of certain activities. In health education the need to maintain and reinforce the self-esteem of those concerned has been repeatedly stressed recently. When one deals with drug addicts the difficulty of obtaining their participation is compounded. Many drug addicts often claim that they are bored, that the life they lead is dull. The author indicates that he has no miraculous recipe to offer but he believes it is extremely important that drug addicts be helped to recover their self-esteem since most of them have lost confidence in themselves, a factor which explains failures." ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 1076 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32455793_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Roles of Actin in the Morphogenesis of the Early Caenorhabditis elegans Embryo." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 79 ] ] }, { "id": "32455793_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The cell shape changes that ensure asymmetric cell divisions are crucial for correct development, as asymmetric divisions allow for the formation of different cell types and therefore different tissues. The first division of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo has emerged as a powerful model for understanding asymmetric cell division. The dynamics of microtubules, polarity proteins, and the actin cytoskeleton are all key for this process. In this review, we highlight studies from the last five years revealing new insights about the role of actin dynamics in the first asymmetric cell division of the early C. elegans embryo. Recent results concerning the roles of actin and actin binding proteins in symmetry breaking, cortical flows, cortical integrity, and cleavage furrow formation are described." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32455793_176793_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Actin" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 14 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "176793" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_6239_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6239" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_6239_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Caenorhabditis elegans" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6239" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_176793_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "actin" ], "offsets": [ [ 472, 477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "176793" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_176793_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "actin" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 629 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "176793" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_6239_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "C. elegans" ], "offsets": [ [ 690, 700 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "6239" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_176793_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "actin" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 753 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "176793" } ] }, { "id": "32455793_176793_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "actin" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 763 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "176793" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36267190_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Comparative transcriptome profiling reveals a network of differentially expressed genes in Asia II 7 and MEAM1 whitefly cryptic species in response to early infection of Cotton leaf curl Multan virus." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 200 ] ] }, { "id": "36267190_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) is a whitefly-vectored begomovirus that poses ramping threat to several economically important crops worldwide. The differential transmission of CLCuMuV by its vector Bemisia tabaci mainly relies on the type of whitefly cryptic species. However, the molecular responses among different whitefly cryptic species in response to early CLCuMuV infection remain elusive. Here, we compared early-stage transcriptomic profiles of Asia II 7 and MEAM1 cryptic species infected by CLCuMuV. Results of Illumina sequencing revealed that after 6 and 12 h of CLCuMuV acquisition, 153 and 141 genes among viruliferous (VF) Asia II 7, while 445 and 347 genes among VF MEAM 1 whiteflies were differentially expressed compared with aviruliferous (AVF) whiteflies. The most abundant groups of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among Asia II 7 and MEAM1 were associated with HTH-1 and zf-C2H2 classes of transcription factors (TFs), respectively. Notably, in contrast to Asia II 7, MEAM1 cryptic species displayed higher transcriptional variations with elevated immune-related responses following CLCuMuV infection. Among both cryptic species, we identified several highly responsive candidate DEGs associated with antiviral innate immunity (alpha glucosidase, LSM14-like protein B and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase), lysosome (GPI-anchored protein 58) and autophagy/phagosome pathways (sequestosome-1, cathepsin F-like protease), spliceosome (heat shock protein 70), detoxification (cytochrome P450 4C1), cGMP-PKG signaling pathway (myosin heavy chain), carbohydrate metabolism (alpha-glucosidase), biological transport (mitochondrial phosphate carrier) and protein absorption and digestion (cuticle protein 8). Further validation of RNA-seq results showed that 23 of 28 selected genes exhibited concordant expression both in RT-qPCR and RNA-seq. Our findings provide vital mechanistic insights into begomovirus-whitefly interactions to understand the dynamics of differential begomovirus transmission by different whitefly cryptic species and reveal novel molecular targets for sustainable management of insect-transmitted plant viruses." ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 2368 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36267190_MESH:D007239_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 157, 166 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_223252_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cotton leaf curl Multan virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "223252" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_223252_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Cotton leaf curl Multan virus" ], "offsets": [ [ 201, 230 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "223252" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_7038_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Bemisia tabaci" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 422 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "7038" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D007239_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CLCuMuV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D007239_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 708 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D014693_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "VF" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D014693_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "VF" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 892 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014693" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:C062694_8", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DEGs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1051 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C062694" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D007239_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CLCuMuV infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1339 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:C062694_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "DEGs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C062694" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D010728_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphoenolpyruvate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010728" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:C537277_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "GPI-anchored" ], "offsets": [ [ 1557, 1569 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C537277" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:C068152_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cGMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1735, 1739 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C068152" } ] }, { "id": "36267190_MESH:D002241_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "carbohydrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1784, 1796 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002241" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "36424237_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The Elephant in the Room: Bicuspid Aortic Valvulopathy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "36424237_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 56 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "36424237_9783_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Elephant" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 12 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9783" } ] }, { "id": "36424237_MESH:C562388_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Bicuspid Aortic Valvulopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C562388" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "32218827_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "SMAD3 promotes ELK3 expression following transforming growth factor beta-mediated stimulation of MDA-MB231 cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 113 ] ] }, { "id": "32218827_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a secreted cytokine whose aberrant spatiotemporal expression is related to cancer progression and metastasis. While TGFbeta acts as a tumor suppressor in normal and premalignant stages, TGFbeta functions as a tumor promoter during the malignant phases of tumor progression by prompting cancer cells to undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which enhances tumor cell invasion and ultimately promotes metastasis to other organs. Extensive studies have been performed to uncover the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying TGFbeta inducing EMT in cancer cells. Here, we suggested that ELK3, which encodes a protein that orchestrates invasion and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer cells, is a downstream target of TGFbeta-SMAD3 in MDA-MB231 cells. ELK3 expression was increased in a time-dependent manner upon TGFbeta treatment. Chemical and molecular inhibition of the TGFbeta receptor blocked the ability of TGFbeta to induce ELK3 expression. Small interfering RNA-mediated suppression analysis revealed that SMAD3 induces TGFbeta signaling to express ELK3. Moreover, the results of the luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that SMAD3 directly binds to the SMAD-binding element on the promoter of ELK3 to activate gene expression following TGFbeta stimulation. We concluded that ELK3 is a novel downstream target of TGFbeta-SMAD3 signaling in aggressive breast cancer cells." ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 1596 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "32218827_4088_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SMAD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4088" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7124_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "transforming growth factor beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 72 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_CVCL_0062;NCBITaxID:9606_3", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "MDA-MB231" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0062;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7124_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Transforming growth factor-beta" ], "offsets": [ [ 114, 145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7124" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 154 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 240 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 293, 298 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 373 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 419 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 451 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumor" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 702 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D009369_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 719, 725 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 761 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D001943_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 861 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_4088_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SMAD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 903, 908 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4088" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_CVCL_0062;NCBITaxID:9606_20", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "MDA-MB231" ], "offsets": [ [ 912, 921 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_0062;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 929, 933 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 998 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1051, 1058 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1091, 1098 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_4088_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SMAD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1192, 1197 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4088" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1206, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_4088_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SMAD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1356 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4088" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1423 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1462, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_2004_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ELK3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1501, 1505 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2004" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_7039_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGFbeta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1538, 1545 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7039" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_4088_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "SMAD3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1546, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4088" } ] }, { "id": "32218827_MESH:D001943_35", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "aggressive breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1589 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11029111_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Using multicriteria methods in environmental planning and management." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 69 ] ] }, { "id": "11029111_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "In environmental planning and decision processes several alternatives are analyzed in terms of multiple noncommensurate criteria, and many different stakeholders with conflicting preferences are involved. Based on our experience in real-life applications, we discuss how multicriteria decision aid (MCDA) methods can be used successfully in such processes. MCDA methods support these processes by providing a framework for collecting, storing, and processing all relevant information, thus making the decision process traceable and transparent. It is therefore possible to understand and explain why, under several conflicting preferences, a particular decision was made. The MCDA framework also makes the requirements for new information explicit, thus supporting the allocation of resources for the process." ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 879 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1253452_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The sulphite precipitation method for fibrinogen measurement; its use on small samples in the presence of fibrinogen degradation products." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 138 ] ] }, { "id": "1253452_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A technique based on precipitation by sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) has been developed for measuring the fibrinogen concentration of small (100 mul) samples. This technique offers technical advantages over the thrombin-clotting method, especially when measuring dilute solutions. Measurements made with the sulphite technique on fibrinogen solutions on plasma samples were not significantly different from those obtained with the thrombin-clotting method." ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 589 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1253452_2244_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fibrinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2244" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_2244_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fibrinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2244" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_MESH:C025026_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sodium sulphite" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 192 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C025026" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Na2SO3" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 200 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_2244_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fibrinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2244" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_2147_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_2244_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "fibrinogen" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 473 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2244" } ] }, { "id": "1253452_2147_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "thrombin" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 572 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2147" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "23477341_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Gross and fine motor skills in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 82 ] ] }, { "id": "23477341_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "OBJECTIVE: Chemotherapy treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) may disrupt motor development, with suggestions that gross and fine motor deficits are different depending on time since treatment. METHODS: Thirty-seven participants aged between 2.5 to 5 years at the time of diagnosis were assessed using the Movement Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd Edition (MABC-2) and the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 2nd Edition, Short Form (BOT-2 SF), and divided into groups (i.e., months-off-treatment): (1) 0-12, (2) 13-24, and (3) 25-60 for comparison. RESULTS: MABC-2 and BOT-2 SF mean total scores fell within the average range. Twenty-six percent of the sample performed in the impaired range on the MABC-2. Group 2 had significantly lower Manual Dexterity scores than the normative population and lower BOT-2 SF scores than Group 1. CONCLUSION: Most children treated for ALL display appropriate motor skills, yet around a quarter experience general motor difficulties. Time-off-treatment did not affect the prevalence of motor impairments on any measure." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 1165 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "23477341_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 39 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23477341_MESH:D054198_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 81 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054198" } ] }, { "id": "23477341_MESH:D054198_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukaemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 150 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D054198" } ] }, { "id": "23477341_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "participants" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23477341_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Children" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 441 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "23477341_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 969 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "29771943_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Cross-talk between human airway epithelial cells and 3T3-J2 feeder cells involves partial activation of human MET by murine HGF." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 128 ] ] }, { "id": "29771943_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "There is considerable interest in the ex vivo propagation of primary human basal epithelial stem/progenitor cells with a view to their use in drug development, toxicity testing and regenerative medicine. These cells can be expanded in co-culture with mitotically inactivated 3T3-J2 murine embryonic feeder cells but, similar to other epithelial cell culture systems employing 3T3-J2 cells, the aspects of cross-talk between 3T3-J2 cells and human airway basal cells that are critical for their expansion remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated secreted growth factors that are produced by 3T3-J2 cells and act upon primary human airway basal cells. We found robust production of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) from fibroblast feeder cells following mitotic inactivation. Consistent with the limited cross-species reactivity of murine HGF on the human HGF receptor (MET; HGFR), MET inhibition did not affect proliferative responses in human airway basal cells and HGF could not replace feeder cells in this culture system. However, we found that murine HGF is not completely inactive on human airway epithelial cells or cancer cell lines but stimulates the phosphorylation of GRB2-associated-binding protein 2 (GAB2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Although HGF induces phosphorylation of STAT6 tyrosine 641 (Y641), there is no subsequent STAT6 nuclear translocation or STAT6-driven transcriptional response. Overall, these findings highlight the relevance of cross-species protein interactions between murine feeder cells and human epithelial cells in 3T3-J2 co-culture and demonstrate that STAT6 phosphorylation occurs in response to MET activation in epithelial cells. However, STAT6 nuclear translocation does not occur in response to HGF, precluding the transcriptional activity of STAT6." ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 1968 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "29771943_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 109 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_79811_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MET" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "79811" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 123 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_15234_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 127 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15234" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_5", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_MESH:D064420_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 297 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_10090_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_CVCL:M891_8", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "-J2 cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 517 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:M891" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_CVCL:M891_9", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "-J2 cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 565 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:M891" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_CVCL:M891_11", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "-J2 cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 745 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL:M891" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_3082_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "hepatocyte growth factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 847 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3082" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_15234_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15234" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_10090_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 977 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_15234_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 981 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15234" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_4233_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1007 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4233" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_79811_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MET" ], "offsets": [ [ 1009, 1012 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "79811" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_4233_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGFR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4233" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_79811_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MET" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "79811" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1083 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_3082_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3082" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_10090_24", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1189, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_15234_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1196, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "15234" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1230, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_MESH:D009369_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1263, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9846_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GRB2-associated-binding protein 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1352 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9846" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9846_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "GAB2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9846" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "signal transducer and activator of transcription 6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1421 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_3082_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1433, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3082" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_MESH:D014443_34", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "tyrosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1470, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014443" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1514, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_36", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1545, 1550 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_10090_37", "type": "Species", "text": [ "murine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1678, 1684 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_9606_38", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1702, 1707 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1767, 1772 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_79811_40", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "MET" ], "offsets": [ [ 1811, 1814 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "79811" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_41", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1856, 1861 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_3082_42", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "HGF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1914, 1917 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3082" } ] }, { "id": "29771943_6778_43", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "STAT6" ], "offsets": [ [ 1962, 1967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "6778" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "30241218_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Peliosis Hepatis Simulates Liver Metastases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] }, { "id": "30241218_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 45 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "30241218_MESH:D010382_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Peliosis Hepatis Simulates Liver Metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010382" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "33004644_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Helping Babies Survive and Empowering Midwives and Nurses to Provide Quality Newborn Care." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 90 ] ] }, { "id": "33004644_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 91 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28774808_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Efficient removal of toxic phosphate anions from aqueous environment using pectin based quaternary amino anion exchanger." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 121 ] ] }, { "id": "28774808_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Pectin based quaternary amino anion exchanger (Pc-QAE) was prepared using simple crosslinking polymerization method. This anion exchanger was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Pc-QAE was applied for the removal of phosphate anion from the aqueous solution. The adsorption process which was pH dependent showed maximum adsorption of phosphate anions at pH 7. Pc-QAE showed good monolayer adsorption capacity for phosphate anions which demonstrated its good capability towards Langmuir isotherm model. Moreover, the adsorption was evaluated thermodynamically and the negative value of Gibbs free energy (-1.791KJ/mol) revealed the spontaneity of adsorption process. The value of DeltaH and DeltaS were found to be 15.28 and 49.48KJ/mol, respectively representing the endothermic nature and enhancement in degree of freedom due to the adsorption process." ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 1070 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28774808_MESH:D010710_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 36 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "28774808_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pc-QAE" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774808_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate anion" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 446 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774808_MESH:D010710_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 558 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] }, { "id": "28774808_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Pc-QAE" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 581 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28774808_MESH:D010710_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "phosphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010710" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "22838293_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Preventive medicine for health care workers." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] }, { "id": "22838293_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 45 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "9338555_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Asthma caused by occupational exposure to pectin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 49 ] ] }, { "id": "9338555_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 50 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "9338555_MESH:D001249_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "15181212_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A novel family of cys-rich membrane proteins mediates cadmium resistance in Arabidopsis." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 88 ] ] }, { "id": "15181212_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread pollutant that is toxic to plant growth. However, only a few genes that contribute to Cd resistance in plants have been identified. To identify additional Cd(II) resistance genes, we screened an Arabidopsis cDNA library using a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) expression system employing the Cd(II)-sensitive yeast mutant ycf1. This screening process yielded a small Cys-rich membrane protein (Arabidopsis plant cadmium resistance, AtPcrs). Database searches revealed that there are nine close homologs in Arabidopsis. Homologs were also found in other plants. Four of the five homologs that were tested also increased resistance to Cd(II) when expressed in ycf1. AtPcr1 localizes at the plasma membrane in both yeast and Arabidopsis. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing AtPcr1 exhibited increased Cd(II) resistance, whereas antisense plants that showed reduced AtPcr1 expression were more sensitive to Cd(II). AtPcr1 overexpression reduced Cd uptake by yeast cells and also reduced the Cd contents of both yeast and Arabidopsis protoplasts treated with Cd. Thus, it appears that the Pcr family members may play an important role in the Cd resistance of plants." ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 1278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "15181212_MESH:D003545_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cys" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 21 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003545" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cadmium" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cadmium" ], "offsets": [ [ 89, 96 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 206 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd(II)" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 279 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_7", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd(II)" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 417 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_11", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 433 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_12", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 513, 524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "cadmium" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 636 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_-_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd(II)" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 758 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_838053_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AtPcr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "838053" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 852 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 854, 865 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_838053_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AtPcr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 894 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "838053" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_-_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd(II)" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 921 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_838053_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AtPcr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 985 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "838053" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_-_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd(II)" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1026 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_838053_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "AtPcr1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "838053" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_25", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1060 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_26", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 1071, 1076 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 1104, 1106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_4932_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "yeast" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "4932" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_3702_29", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Arabidopsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1145 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "3702" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 1171, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] }, { "id": "15181212_MESH:D002104_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Cd" ], "offsets": [ [ 1254, 1256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002104" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11698369_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The default state of the membrane-localized histidine kinase PrrB of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 is in the kinase-positive mode." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 130 ] ] }, { "id": "11698369_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The PrrBA two-component activation system of Rhodobacter sphaeroides plays a major role in the induction of photosynthesis gene expression under oxygen-limiting or anaerobic conditions. The PrrB histidine kinase is composed of two structurally identifiable regions, the conserved C-terminal kinase/phosphatase domain and the N-terminal membrane-spanning domain with six transmembrane helices framing three periplasmic and two cytoplasmic loops. Using a set of PrrB mutants with lesions in the transmembrane domain, we demonstrate that the central portion of the PrrB transmembrane domain including the second periplasmic loop plays an important role in both sensing and signal transduction. Signal transduction via the transmembrane domain is ultimately manifested by controlling the activity of the C-terminal kinase/phosphatase domain. The extent of signal transduction is determined by the ability of the transmembrane domain to sense the strength of the inhibitory signal received from the cbb(3) terminal oxidase (J.-I Oh, and S. Kaplan, EMBO J. 19:4237-4247, 2000). Therefore, the intrinsic (\"default\") state of PrrB is in the kinase-dominant mode. It is also demonstrated that the extent of prrB gene expression is subject to the negative autoregulation of the PrrBA system." ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 1412 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "11698369_3718684_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PrrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 65 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_272943_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 98 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "272943" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_1063_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Rhodobacter sphaeroides" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 199 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "1063" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_MESH:D010100_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010100" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_3718684_4", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PrrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 325 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_3718684_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PrrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 591, 595 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_3718684_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PrrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_3718684_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PrrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1249, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] }, { "id": "11698369_3718684_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "prrB" ], "offsets": [ [ 1329, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "3718684" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7205274_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "A gas chromatographic method for the determination of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid, N-acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid and their distributions in the brain and other organs of various species of animals." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 233 ] ] }, { "id": "7205274_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "A simple and sensitive gas-chromatographic method for the determination of N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid (NA-Asp), N-acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid (NA-Asp-Glu) and beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid (beta-CG) was developed. The organ, regional and phylogenetic distributions of these compounds were studied. NA-Asp and NA-Asp-Glu were highly concentrated in nervous tissue, and less than 1% of the amounts in the nervous tissues were found in non-nervous organs. These two compounds showed a reciprocal relationship in their regional distribution in mature brains, but such a relationship was not evident or was even reversed in immature brains. The two compounds also showed different developmental changes in different regions of the brain. Fish brain contained a relatively high concentration of NA-Asp, but only a trace amount of NA-Asp-Glu. By contrast, a 10 times higher concentration of NA-Asp-Glu than NA-Asp was found in frog brain. Reptilian brain contained similar amounts of each compound. Avian and mammalian brain had NA-Asp at a roughly 10 times higher concentration than NA-Asp-Glu. beta-CG occurred at the highest concentration in the immature brain of rat and guinea pig, but disappeared in the mature brains. The adult frog brain, however, contained a large amount of beta-CG. In the adult rat, testis contained the highest concentration of beta-CG." ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 1595 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 78 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 116 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C018491_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C018491" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-acetyl-L-aspartic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N-acetyl-alpha-aspartylglutamic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp-Glu" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C018491_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-citryl-L-glutamic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 425 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C018491" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_139818_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta-CG" ], "offsets": [ [ 427, 434 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "139818" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 541 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp-Glu" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 556 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:D001224_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001224" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp-Glu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp-Glu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1121, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1143 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 1239, 1248 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_MESH:C000179_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1265 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C000179" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_-_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "NA-Asp-Glu" ], "offsets": [ [ 1314, 1324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_139818_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta-CG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1326, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "139818" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_10116_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1397, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_10141_20", "type": "Species", "text": [ "guinea pig" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10141" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_139818_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta-CG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1514, 1521 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "139818" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_10116_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rat" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "7205274_139818_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "beta-CG" ], "offsets": [ [ 1587, 1594 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "139818" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35992782_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Case report: immunotherapy successfully treated brain metastasis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and literature review." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 122 ] ] }, { "id": "35992782_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Brain metastasis from intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is extremely rare, and no standard therapeutic strategy has been established. Camrelizumab is a programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor that has been widely studied in treating liver cancer. Combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy are a promising approach for treating advanced iCCA. Despite that immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based neoadjuvant therapy on iCCA has shown a significant response rate and resection rate, few reports have shown the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy in treating brain metastasis from iCCA. Although PD-1 inhibitors such as pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or camrelizumab are increasingly applied in clinic practice to treat multiple malignancies, to the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of an iCCA patient with brain metastasis successfully treated with a combined immunotherapy and targeted therapy. The patient is a 54-year-old man with metastatic iCCA in brain treated though camrelizumab plus lenvatinib therapy with a complete response (CR). By the time of writing, he has had a progression-free survival of 17.5 months and did not experience any severe side effects related to this therapy. Camrelizumab plus lenvatinib therapy showed favorable efficacy and manageable toxicity for this patient with advanced iCCA and could be of interest for more prospective randomized trials to further verify the potential clinical benefits." ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 1578 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35992782_MESH:D018281_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018281" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:D018281_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 176 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D018281" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_5133_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "programmed cell death protein 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 311 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5133" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_5133_3", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PD-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 317 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5133" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:D006528_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 382 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006528" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_5133_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "PD-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 734, 738 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5133" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:C582435_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pembrolizumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 771 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C582435" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:D000077594_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nivolumab" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 782 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077594" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:D009369_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 949 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1056 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:C531958_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lenvatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1141, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C531958" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:C531958_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lenvatinib" ], "offsets": [ [ 1359, 1369 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C531958" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_MESH:D064420_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D064420" } ] }, { "id": "35992782_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "18041423_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Plasma levels of nitric oxide in children with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary blood flow." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 107 ] ] }, { "id": "18041423_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Development of pulmonary hypertension commonly accompanies congenital heart disease; nitric oxide (NO) is evidently an important mediator of pulmonary vascular reactivity. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the effect of pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with congenital heart disease on NO production. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors measured plasma levels of nitric oxide-related compounds in 28 patients, aged 3 months to 12 years with congenital heart disease (CHD) and increased pulmonary blood flow. Blood samples were obtained during their cardiac catheterization. The subjects were subsequently divided into two groups, namely: group 1 CHD were those with left-to-right shunt; and group 2, CHD with right-to-left shunt. RESULTS: Four patients had severe pulmonary hypertension (mean pulmonary arterial pressure > 60 mmHg). The total levels of NO-related compounds between the two groups were not statistically different as well as the levels in pre- and post-pulmonary artery. In patients with left-to-right shunt with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension, the levels of total NO-related compounds were directly correlated with the level of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.67; p-value < 0.05, and r = 0.75; p-value < 0.05). Additionally, in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension, the levels of total NO-related compounds decreased when compared to the levels in patients with mild to moderate pulmonary hypertension. CONCLUSION: The present results suggested that the hemodynamic status of the pulmonary circulation in congenital heart defect is at least partly correlated with the blood levels of nitric oxide." ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 1779 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "18041423_MESH:D009569_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitric oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009569" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 157 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 203 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D009569_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitric oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 205, 217 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009569" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PH" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 355 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D009569_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitric oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 487 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009569" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital heart disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 553, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 579, 582 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 761 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006331_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "CHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 815 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006331" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_15", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 864 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 898 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_17", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1102, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_18", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1180 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_19", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1403, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_20", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1424, 1446 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_9606_21", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006976_22", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "pulmonary hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006976" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D006330_23", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "congenital heart defect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1687, 1710 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006330" } ] }, { "id": "18041423_MESH:D009569_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "nitric oxide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1766, 1778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009569" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "7030395_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Simian liver alcohol dehydrogenase: isolation and characterization of isoenzymes from Macaca mulatta." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 101 ] ] }, { "id": "7030395_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Like human liver alcohol dehydrogenase, that of Macaca mulatta can be purified and separated into anodic and cathodic pyrazole-insensitive and cathodic pyrazole-sensitive enzyme forms. Their inhibition by 4-methylpyrazole and their substrate specificities are analogous to those observed for the corresponding isoenzymes of human liver. However, on the basis of data available so far, the physiochemical and compositional characteristics, i.e., molecular weight, zinc content, and dimeric structure, of all simian alcohol dehydrogenase forms are virtually identical with those of other mammalian alcohol dehydrogenases studied up to now. Zinc is essential for their enzymatic function, as demonstrated by inhibition with chelating agents." ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 840 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "7030395_MESH:D008108_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver alcohol dehydrogenase" ], "offsets": [ [ 7, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008108" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_9544_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Macaca mulatta" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 100 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9544" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_MESH:D008108_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver alcohol dehydrogenase" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008108" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_9544_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Macaca mulatta" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9544" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_MESH:C031280_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C031280" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_MESH:C031280_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "pyrazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 262 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C031280" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_MESH:D000077604_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "4-methylpyrazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 323 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000077604" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_9606_8", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_10327_9", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alcohol dehydrogenase" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 637 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "10327" } ] }, { "id": "7030395_9606_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mammalian" ], "offsets": [ [ 688, 697 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "35234209_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Development and Validity Testing of an Assessment Tool for Oncofertility Barriers in Multidisciplinary Healthcare Providers on the Breast Cancer Team." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 150 ] ] }, { "id": "35234209_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary healthcare providers, especially clinical nurses, lack a valid tool to assess the comprehensive barriers affecting oncofertility care in breast cancer treatment. PURPOSE: The aims of the research were to develop a self-assessment scale on oncofertility barriers and test its validity and reliability. METHODS: This was a methodological study. The initial 36 items of the developed Oncofertility Barrier Scale (OBS) were generated through qualitative study and a review of the literature. This scale was further refined using expert validity (n = 10), face validity (n = 10), and item analysis (n = 184). Exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring and direct oblimin rotation was used to determine the construct validity. The reliability of the OBS was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest analyses. RESULTS: The mean item-level and scale-level content validity indices of the initial OBS were higher than .96. The data were shown to be feasible for the factor analysis, and a six-factor solution was chosen that accounted for approximately 57.6% of the total variance. These factors included (a) lack of information and education, (b) rigid thinking toward oncofertility care, (c) cancer patient stereotypes, (d) fertility risk, (e) insufficient support, and (f) interrupted oncofertility care. The Cronbach's alpha of the 27-item OBS was .91, and the test-retest reliability coefficient was .55. CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The final version of the developed OBS has acceptable reliability, content validity, and construct validity. This scale is appropriate for use in research and clinical practice settings to identify the barriers to fertility cancer care that should be resolved by the breast cancer care team." ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 1939 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "35234209_MESH:D001943_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Breast Cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 144 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "35234209_MESH:D001943_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] }, { "id": "35234209_MESH:D009369_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35234209_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patient" ], "offsets": [ [ 1400, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "35234209_MESH:D009369_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1872, 1878 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "35234209_MESH:D001943_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 1915, 1928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001943" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "3964888_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Nephrogenic adenoma in children." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ] }, { "id": "3964888_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Nephrogenic adenoma is a rare, benign lesion of the bladder, occurring as an epithelial response to infection or trauma. Characteristically, it presents as a papillary lesion resembling a low grade, low stage transitional cell carcinoma. Although usually occurring in adults, there have been 5 reports in children, in whom the adenoma occurred following either surgery or localized inflammation. We report on 2 additional children with nephrogenic adenoma, including one who presented with a bladder mass and total occlusion of the ipsilateral ureter, while in the other it was found incidentally during closure of a vesicovaginal fistula. Successful treatment consisted of transurethral resection and low dose suppressive antibiotics. Nephrogenic adenoma, while rare in children, appears to be a uroepithelial metaplastic response to trauma or inflammation and is treated best by conservative management." ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 938 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "3964888_MESH:D000236_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Nephrogenic adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D000236_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Nephrogenic adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 52 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D007239_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D014947_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 152 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D009369_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 346 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D000236_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 367 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D007249_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 427 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_9606_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 463 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D000236_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "nephrogenic adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 488 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D014516_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "occlusion of the ipsilateral ureter" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014516" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D014719_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "vesicovaginal fistula" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 671 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014719" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D000236_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Nephrogenic adenoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 788 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D000236" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_9606_14", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 812 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D014947_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "trauma" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 874 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014947" } ] }, { "id": "3964888_MESH:D007249_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 890 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5037679_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Tumour-associated antigens. Potential application in research, tumour therapy and tumour prevention." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 100 ] ] }, { "id": "5037679_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 101, 101 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5037679_MESH:D009369_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumour" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 69 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "5037679_MESH:D009369_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "tumour" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "28110079_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Isomelezitose formation by glucansucrases." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 42 ] ] }, { "id": "28110079_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Several glucansucrases were surveyed for their ability to produce isomelezitose, a trisaccharide with the structure alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (1 6) beta-D-fructofuranosyl (2 1) alpha-D-glucopyranoside. Nearly all strains tested, with one exception, produced at least trace levels of isomelezitose. Yields were low but significant, ranging from less than 1% to approximately 5% based on sucrose. This trisaccharide may arise in either of two ways: glucopyranosyl transfer to the 6Fru-OH position of sucrose, or to the anomeric OH position of isomaltulose. This study indicates that isomelezitose formation may be a general phenomenon of many glucansucrase reactions." ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 709 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "28110079_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isomelezitose" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 122 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_MESH:D014312_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trisaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 126, 139 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014312" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha-D-glucopyranosyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 181 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_-_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "beta-D-fructofuranosyl" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 212 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "alpha-D-glucopyranoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_-_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isomelezitose" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 340 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_MESH:D013395_6", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 430, 437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_MESH:D014312_7", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "trisaccharide" ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D014312" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_9278_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Fru" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 526 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "9278" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_MESH:D013395_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "sucrose" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 549 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D013395" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_MESH:C008189_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isomaltulose" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 597 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C008189" } ] }, { "id": "28110079_-_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "isomelezitose" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 638 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "21449589_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Highly Z-selective asymmetric 1,4-addition reaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones with alkynyl carbonyl compounds catalyzed by chiral guanidines." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 135 ] ] }, { "id": "21449589_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "An asymmetric 1,4-addition reaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones with alkynyl carbonyl compounds was developed, and, for the first time, high enantiomeric and geometric control was achieved to afford the thermodynamically unstable Z-isomer predominantly using chiral guanidine catalysts bearing a hydroxy group at the appropriate position. The method provides synthetically useful gamma-butenolide ester bearing a chiral quaternary stereogenic center." ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 578 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "21449589_-_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5H-oxazol-4-ones" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 71 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21449589_MESH:D006146_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "guanidines" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006146" } ] }, { "id": "21449589_-_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "5H-oxazol-4-ones" ], "offsets": [ [ 175, 191 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] }, { "id": "21449589_MESH:D019791_3", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "guanidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 403 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D019791" } ] }, { "id": "21449589_-_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "gamma-butenolide ester" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 530 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "-" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "34159192_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "i4mC-EL: Identifying DNA N4-Methylcytosine Sites in the Mouse Genome Using Ensemble Learning." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 93 ] ] }, { "id": "34159192_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "As one of important epigenetic modifications, DNA N4-methylcytosine (4mC) plays a crucial role in controlling gene replication, expression, cell cycle, DNA replication, and differentiation. The accurate identification of 4mC sites is necessary to understand biological functions. In the paper, we use ensemble learning to develop a model named i4mC-EL to identify 4mC sites in the mouse genome. Firstly, a multifeature encoding scheme consisting of Kmer and EIIP was adopted to describe the DNA sequences. Secondly, on the basis of the multifeature encoding scheme, we developed a stacked ensemble model, in which four machine learning algorithms, namely, BayesNet, NaiveBayes, LibSVM, and Voted Perceptron, were utilized to implement an ensemble of base classifiers that produce intermediate results as input of the metaclassifier, Logistic. The experimental results on the independent test dataset demonstrate that the overall rate of predictive accurate of i4mC-EL is 82.19%, which is better than the existing methods. The user-friendly website implementing i4mC-EL can be accessed freely at the following." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 1203 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "34159192_MESH:C039052_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N4-Methylcytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C039052" } ] }, { "id": "34159192_10090_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "Mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 61 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34159192_MESH:C039052_2", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "N4-methylcytosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 161 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C039052" } ] }, { "id": "34159192_10090_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "mouse" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10090" } ] }, { "id": "34159192_MESH:D007859_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "learning algorithms" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 740 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007859" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "17203008_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Mechanisms of Disease: leukotrienes and lipoxins in scleroderma lung disease--insights and potential therapeutic implications." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 126 ] ] }, { "id": "17203008_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Scleroderma interstitial lung disease (SLD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis. Although the pathogenesis of SLD is not clear, excessive fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration are the main histologic features of this disorder. Leukotrienes and lipoxins are two functionally different classes of lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids. Leukotrienes are potent proinflammatory mediators and directly and indirectly stimulate fibroblast chemotaxis, proliferation, and collagen synthesis. Lipoxins counter-regulate the proinflammatory actions of leukotrienes and activate resolution of the inflammatory response. In addition, lipoxins inhibit growth-factor-induced fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. Studies using bronchoalveolar lavage have revealed that there is an overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic leukotrienes in the lungs of patients with SLD, and that leukotriene levels correlate with inflammatory indices within the lungs. Moreover, the increased levels of leukotrienes in these patients are not balanced by an upregulation of anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic lipoxins. Unopposed actions of leukotrienes might, therefore, induce chronic inflammation and fibrosis in the lungs of SLD patients. Accordingly, pharmacologic correction of a leukotriene-lipoxin imbalance using leukotriene inhibitors or lipoxin analogs might be a new approach to the treatment of SLD." ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 1572 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_0", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 35 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D008171_2", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "scleroderma lung disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 76 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008171" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Scleroderma interstitial lung disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 169 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D003643_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_9606_6", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 228 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D012595_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "systemic sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 252 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D012595" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 286 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D005355_9", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 319 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_10", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 418 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 431 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015777_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "eicosanoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 506 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015777" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 520 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 666 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 727 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_16", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 803 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_9606_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1044, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_20", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotriene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1058, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_23", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1270, 1278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_24", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotrienes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D007249_25", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1359 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007249" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D005355_26", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1372 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_27", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1389, 1392 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_9606_28", "type": "Species", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_29", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotriene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1446, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_30", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1458, 1465 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D015289_31", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "leukotriene" ], "offsets": [ [ 1482, 1493 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D015289" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D044045_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "lipoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1515 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D044045" } ] }, { "id": "17203008_MESH:D017563_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "SLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1568, 1571 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D017563" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "26802603_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Smad2 increases the apoptosis of activated human hepatic stellate cells induced by TRAIL." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 89 ] ] }, { "id": "26802603_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "The activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) plays a critical role in the development of liver fibrosis. The induction of apoptosis in activated HSCs during the recovery phase of hepatic fibrosis represents a potential anti-fibrotic therapy. We have previously shown that Smad2 protects against hepatic fibrogenesis; however, the role of Smad2 in the regulation of activated HSC apoptosis remains unknown. We hypothesized that Smad2 regulates the apoptosis of activated HSCs, leading to the resolution of liver fibrosis. To test this hypothesis, the livers of rats were harvested at 0 and 4 weeks after hepatic fibrosis was established by CCl4 injection. Furthermore, TGF-beta1-activated HSCs were treated with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) following the silencing or overexpression of Smad2. Both the phosphorylation of Smad2 and TRAIL were detected in fibrotic liver tissues. The results of TUNEL and alpha-SMA double-staining showed an increase in the apoptosis of activated HSCs during the spontaneous recovery phase. The knockdown of Smad2 reduced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in TGF-beta1-activated human LX-2 cells and resulted in an increased expression of alpha-SMA and collagen I (Col. I). In contrast, the overexpression of Smad2 increased TRAIL-induced HSC apoptosis and reduced the expression of alpha-SMA and Col. I. The mechanisms underlying these findings were associated with the Smad2-mediated down-regulation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), resulting in enhanced caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. In conclusion, Smad2 enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis in activated HSCs, which facilitates the resolution of hepatic fibrosis." ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 1783 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "26802603_4087_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 5 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 48 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_8743_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 88 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8743" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D008103_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D008103_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 288 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_5", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 370 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 525 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D008103_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "liver fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 612 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_10116_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "rats" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 657 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "10116" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D005355_10", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 712 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D005355" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D002251_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "CCl4" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 736 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002251" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_59086_12", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGF-beta1" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 770 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "59086" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_8743_13", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 859 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8743" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_246775_14", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 861, 866 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "246775" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_29357_15", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 918 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29357" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_29357_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 948, 953 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "29357" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_246775_17", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 963 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "246775" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_58_18", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-SMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1030, 1039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_19", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1166, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_8743_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1180, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8743" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_7040_21", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TGF-beta1" ], "offsets": [ [ 1207, 1216 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "7040" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_9606_22", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_CVCL_5792;NCBITaxID:9606_23", "type": "CellLine", "text": [ "LX-2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1233, 1237 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "cellosaurus", "db_id": "CVCL_5792;NCBITaxID:9606" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_58_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-SMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1362 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_8743_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8743" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_58_27", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "alpha-SMA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "58" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_28", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1519, 1524 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_331_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein" ], "offsets": [ [ 1553, 1592 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "331" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_331_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "XIAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1594, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "331" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_836_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "caspase-3" ], "offsets": [ [ 1623, 1632 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "836" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_4087_32", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Smad2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1672, 1677 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4087" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_8743_33", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "TRAIL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1687, 1692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "8743" } ] }, { "id": "26802603_MESH:D008103_34", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hepatic fibrosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1766, 1782 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008103" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "4930786_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Lack of response of serum growth hormone to metyrapone." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] }, { "id": "4930786_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 56, 56 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "4930786_2688_0", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 40 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "2688" } ] }, { "id": "4930786_MESH:D008797_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "metyrapone" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 54 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D008797" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "14829794_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The time factor in studies of the outcome of chronic disease." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 61 ] ] }, { "id": "14829794_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 62 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "14829794_MESH:D002908_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "chronic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002908" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10919265_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Characterization of neuropeptide Y-mediated corticotropin-releasing factor synthesis and release from human placental trophoblasts." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 131 ] ] }, { "id": "10919265_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a CRF secretagogue for human placental cells in culture. We have studied the involvement of intracellular calcium and calcium-dependent signaling in the NPY-induced CRF release in trophoblastic cells. The incubation of trophoblasts with NPY for 3 and 8 h led to a dose-dependent increase in CRF secretion. Also, NPY stimulated synthesis of this peptide hormone upon an 8-h incubation period. BIBP3226, a selective Y1 receptor antagonist, and pertussis toxin (PTX) eliminated these effects. NPY-stimulated CRF secretion was mostly prevented by loading cells with BAPTA-AM, suggesting that elevation of intracellular calcium is responsible for the increase of CRF secretion. However, this calcium chelator had no effect on CRF synthesis. Furthermore, U-73122, a phospholipase C-betas (PLC) inhibitor or xestospongin C, an inositol triphosphate receptor (InsP3-R) blocker, have partially prevented the effect of NPY on CRF synthesis and secretion. Therefore, the increase in CRF synthesis and secretion rely in part on the release of calcium from intracellular store. Interestingly, SKF 96365, an inhibitor of store operated calcium (SOC) influx, also partially blocked the NPY stimulatory effect on CRF release but not its synthesis, suggesting that calcium influx is also involved in this stimulation. In the syncytiotrophoblast, known to possess a NPY-activated protein kinase C (PKCs) activity, NPY also stimulated calcium calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2) activities. In the present study, we observed that bisindolylmaleimide (BIM), a nonspecific PKCs inhibitor partially prevented the NPY-induced CRF release. On the other hand, autocamtide-2 related inhibitory peptide (AIP), a CaMKII inhibitor, prevented most of the stimulatory effect of NPY on both CRF synthesis and release. Go6976, an inhibitor of the conventional and mu PKCs and PD 098059, an inhibitor of the ERK cascade, had no effect on neither CRF synthesis nor release. Altogether, these results support a Y1 receptor-mediated PTX-sensitive induction on CRF synthesis and release by NPY from human placental trophoblasts. The stimulation of CRF synthesis by NPY seems to depend mainly on a PLC-beta to InsP3-R axis and on CaMKII activity. Also, the release of CRF depends on the PLC-beta to InsP3-R axis and CaMKII activity but also entails the participation of a calcium-independent PKCs." ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 2552 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10919265_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 102, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_1", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "Neuropeptide Y" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 146 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_2", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_9606_3", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 184 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_4", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 269 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_5", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 281 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_6", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 312 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_7", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 396 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_8", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 471 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C092926_9", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BIBP3226" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 556 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C092926" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_10", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 649 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C070379_11", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BAPTA-AM" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 726 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C070379" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_12", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 778 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_13", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C060229_14", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "U-73122" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 912 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C060229" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C511704_15", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "xestospongin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C511704" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_16", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1065, 1068 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_17", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C063159_18", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "SKF 96365" ], "offsets": [ [ 1236, 1245 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C063159" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_19", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1278, 1285 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_20", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1327, 1330 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_21", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_22", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1504, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_23", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1552, 1555 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_818_24", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "calmodulin kinase II" ], "offsets": [ [ 1580, 1600 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_818_25", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CaMKII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_5595;5594_26", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK1/2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1646, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5595;5594" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C088060_27", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "bisindolylmaleimide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1705, 1724 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C088060" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C088060_28", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "BIM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1726, 1729 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C088060" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_29", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1785, 1788 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_818_30", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CaMKII" ], "offsets": [ [ 1879, 1885 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_31", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 1941, 1944 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:C081021_32", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "Go6976" ], "offsets": [ [ 1980, 1986 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:C081021" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D010300_33", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "PD" ], "offsets": [ [ 2037, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D010300" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_5594_34", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "ERK" ], "offsets": [ [ 2068, 2071 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "5594" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_35", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 2246, 2249 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_9606_36", "type": "Species", "text": [ "human" ], "offsets": [ [ 2255, 2260 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_4852_37", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "NPY" ], "offsets": [ [ 2321, 2324 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "4852" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_818_38", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CaMKII" ], "offsets": [ [ 2385, 2391 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_818_39", "type": "Gene", "text": [ "CaMKII" ], "offsets": [ [ 2471, 2477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_gene", "db_id": "818" } ] }, { "id": "10919265_MESH:D002118_40", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 2527, 2534 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "10130918_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "The health of the world's children: reality and prospects." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 58 ] ] }, { "id": "10130918_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "For the children of some of the world's poorest and most populous countries things are getting better. Aids education and control programmes coupled with the spread of political democracy are the main reasons for the sharp fall in infant and child mortality rates. The health of the world's children and why it has improved in some parts of the world--and why it has deteriorated in others--are observed and discussed by the author from an economic, health, political and social point of view." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 552 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "10130918_9606_0", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 34 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10130918_9606_1", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 75 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10130918_9606_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "child" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 306 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] }, { "id": "10130918_MESH:D003643_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 316 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003643" } ] }, { "id": "10130918_9606_4", "type": "Species", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9606" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "11869691_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Pharmacoeconomics for surgeons." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 31 ] ] }, { "id": "11869691_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 32 ] ] } ]

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[ { "id": "16021982_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Sacred disease of our times: failure of the infectious disease model of spongiform encephalopathy." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 98 ] ] }, { "id": "16021982_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "BACKGROUND: Public health and agricultural policy attempts to keep bovine spongiform encephalopathy out of North America using infectious disease containment policies. Inconsistencies of the infectious disease model as it applies to the spongiform encephalopathies may result in failure of these policies. METHODS: Review of historical, political and scientific literature to determine the appropriate disease model of spongiform encephalopathy. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Spongiform encephalopathy has always occurred sporadically in man and other animals. Hippocrates may have described it in goats and cattle. Transmission of spongiform encephalopathy between individuals is too uncommon for it to be usefully considered an infection. Spongiform encephalopathy is a somatic disorder whose dissemination within a host or transmission between individuals is more like cancer than infectious disease. Spongiform encephalopathy transmission within a species is facilitated in comparison to transmission between species so that cannibalism may amplify the prevalence of the disease. CONCLUSION: Agricultural policy should be directed toward an absolute prohibition on occult cannibalism and away from surveillance, quarantine and slaughter, the principal measures of infectious disease containment used to control bovine spongiform encephalopathy." ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 1437 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "16021982_MESH:D003141_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 62 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_1", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 97 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_9913_2", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 166, 172 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_3", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 198 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D003141_4", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 244 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D003141_5", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_6", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathies" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 363 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_7", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 543 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_8", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 590 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_9925_9", "type": "Species", "text": [ "goats" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9925" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_9913_10", "type": "Species", "text": [ "cattle" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 703 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_11", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 746 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D007239_12", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 828 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007239" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D007562_13", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "Spongiform encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 830, 855 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D007562" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D009369_14", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 961, 967 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D009369" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D003141_15", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 991 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_16", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1004, 1018 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D003141_17", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "infectious disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D003141" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_9913_18", "type": "Species", "text": [ "bovine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "ncbi_taxon", "db_id": "9913" } ] }, { "id": "16021982_MESH:D001927_19", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "encephalopathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1422, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D001927" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "5081074_title", "type": "title", "text": [ "Rehydration as a diagnostic and therapeutic measure in hypercalcemia including an assessment of the calcium-lowering effect of porcine calcitonin." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 146 ] ] }, { "id": "5081074_abstract", "type": "abstract", "text": [ "" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 147 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "5081074_MESH:D006934_0", "type": "Disease", "text": [ "hypercalcemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 68 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D006934" } ] }, { "id": "5081074_MESH:D002118_1", "type": "Chemical", "text": [ "calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "mesh", "db_id": "MESH:D002118" } ] } ]

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