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{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Aspartame can be made by various synthetic chemical pathways. In general, phenylalanine is modified by a reaction with methanol and then combined with a slightly modified aspartic acid which eventually forms aspartame. 1 5 The amino acids derived from the fermentation process are initially modified to produce aspartame. Aspartame is primarily derived from compounds called amino acids. These are chemicals which are used by plants and animals to create proteins that are essential for life. Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, two of them, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, are used in the manufacture of aspartame.", "Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today. It is sold under the brand names NutraSweet ® and Equal ® . Aspartame is made by joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are found naturally in many foods.", "Aspartame is an artificial sweetener used in reduced calorie foods. It is derived primarily from two naturally occurring amino acids chemically combined and designated by the chemical name N-L-aaspartyl-L-phenylalanine-l-methyl ester (APM). Aspartame is primarily derived from compounds called amino acids. These are chemicals which are used by plants and animals to create proteins that are essential for life. Of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, two of them, aspartic acid and phenylalanine, are used in the manufacture of aspartame.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. beverages In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. Beverages in The European, union it is codified As. e951 In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992.", "Diabetes. Aspartame is made up of three chemicals: aspartic acid, phenylalanine, and methanol. The book Prescription for Nutritional Healing, by James and Phyllis Balch lists aspartame under the category of chemical poison.. As you shall see, that is exactly what it is. DKP is a byproduct of aspartame metabolism. DKP has been implicated in the occurrence of brain tumors. Olney noticed that DKP, when nitrosated in the gut, produced a compound that was similar to N-nitrosourea, a powerful brain tumor causing chemical.", "According to The Independent, both a Monsanto source and a Monsanto spokesperson revealed that aspartame creation process did in fact involve genetically modified bacteria. “We have two strains of bacteria – one is traditionally modified and one is genetically modified,” said the source. “It’s got a modified enzyme. An article by The Independent entitled “World’s top sweetener is made with GM bacteria” revealed that two of the largest health threats –artificial sweeteners and genetically modified organisms — were joining forces. It may be time to kick aspartame to the curb.", "Aspartame (APM; /ˈaespərteɪm/ ˈæspərteɪm /or/) əˈspɑrteɪm is an, artificial-non saccharide sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and. Beverages in The European, union it is codified As. E951 aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic / acid phenylalanine. dipeptide In the European Union, it is codified as E951. Aspartame is a methyl ester of the aspartic acid / phenylalanine dipeptide. It was first sold under the brand name NutraSweet. It was first synthesized in 1965, and the patent expired in 1992." ], "url": [ "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.html", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/othercarcinogens/athome/aspartame", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-3/Aspartame.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame", "http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/11/06/aspartame-most-dangerous-substance-added-to-food.aspx", "http://naturalsociety.com/1999-investigation-finds-aspartame-is-made-with-genetically-modified-bacteria/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartame" ] }

[ "Aspartame is one of the most common artificial sweeteners in use today. It is sold under the brand names NutraSweet ® and Equal ® . Aspartame is made by joining together the amino acids aspartic acid and phenylalanine. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins and are found naturally in many foods." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A new report claims that genetically modified foods (or organisms) can damage your health and even cause cancer, but some experts say they’re an inexpensive and healthy way to put dinner on your table. Not to mention, they also had a very small control group (fed non-GMO food) of 20 rats that also developed tumors. Despite the results of the contested study, more research needs to be done on the long-term effects of genetically modified foods on humans. Until that happens, many European countries, like Russia and the UK, have already banned certain types of GMOs for human consumption", "Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. ", "There is a growing amount of information about GMOs in recent years that, (genetically modified organisms), appear to confirm serious health and environmental implications due to these ‘novel’ foods. According to Pusztai, when he expressed his concerns about GMO foods, he was fired and threatened with a lawsuit if he discussed his research. His 20-member research team was disbanded; the testing protocols were dropped, and a campaign was begun by pro-GM forces to discredit the study.", "Share on Facebook Tweet on Twitter. Genetically modified organisms, or GMOs, are created when a gene from one species is transferred to another, creating something that would not be found in nature. This is why: 1 The health consequences of eating genetically modified organisms are largely unknown. 2 Food items that contain GMOs are unlabeled in America. 3 Genetic engineering reduces genetic diversity. 4 Once the mutant genes are out of the bag, there is no going back. 5 GMOs are not the answer for global food security. 6 Genetically engineered foods ...", "Modifying the genetic structure of food is not a new concept. For centuries, farmers have improved our food supply by cross-breeding different types of plants or animals to come up with new organisms that would taste better, yield more, and grow in more difficult conditions. Not to mention, they also had a very small control group (fed non-GMO food) of 20 rats that also developed tumors. Despite the results of the contested study, more research needs to be done on the long-term effects of genetically modified foods on humans. Until that happens, many European countries, like Russia and the UK, have already banned certain types of GMOs for human consumption", "GMOs are bad for your body, bad for the community, bad for farmers and bad for the environment. This is why: 1 The health consequences of eating genetically modified organisms are largely unknown. 2 Genetically engineered foods have not been shown to be safe to eat and may have unpredictable consequences. This is why: 1 The health consequences of eating genetically modified organisms are largely unknown. 2 Food items that contain GMOs are unlabeled in America. 3 Genetic engineering reduces genetic diversity. 4 Once the mutant genes are out of the bag, there is no going back. 5 GMOs are not the answer for global food security. 6 Genetically engineered foods ...", "A 2013 poll in The New York Times found that three-quarters of Americans have concerns about genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in their food; most are worried about health effects. Thirty-seven percent of those with worries fear that GM foods cause cancer or allergies. The subject of the craggy debate was whether foods that contain GMOs should be labeled as such. The head of Monsanto said absolutely not. Since there was nothing unsafe about genetically modified food, there was no reason to label.", "How to Go Non-GMO. 1 Organic foods are not allowed to contain GM ingredients. 2 Even the small percentage of non-organic ingredients allowed in foods labeled organic is not allowed to contain GMOs. 3 If you are traveling to Europe, no worries, GMOs are banned in EU foods. According to Pusztai, when he expressed his concerns about GMO foods, he was fired and threatened with a lawsuit if he discussed his research. His 20-member research team was disbanded; the testing protocols were dropped, and a campaign was begun by pro-GM forces to discredit the study." ], "url": [ "http://www.doctoroz.com/blog/mehmet-oz-md/genetically-modified-foods-good-or-bad", "http://www.who.int/topics/food_genetically_modified/en/", "http://naturalrevolution.org/the-good-bad-and-ugly-about-gmos/", "http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/eight-reasons-gmos-are-bad-for-you.html", "http://www.doctoroz.com/blog/mehmet-oz-md/genetically-modified-foods-good-or-bad", "http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/eight-reasons-gmos-are-bad-for-you.html", "http://chronicle.com/article/Strands-of-Promise-in/141377/", "http://naturalrevolution.org/the-good-bad-and-ugly-about-gmos/" ] }

[ "Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally, e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism. ", "GMOs are bad for your body, bad for the community, bad for farmers and bad for the environment. This is why: 1 The health consequences of eating genetically modified organisms are largely unknown. 2 Genetically engineered foods have not been shown to be safe to eat and may have unpredictable consequences. This is why: 1 The health consequences of eating genetically modified organisms are largely unknown. 2 Food items that contain GMOs are unlabeled in America. 3 Genetic engineering reduces genetic diversity. 4 Once the mutant genes are out of the bag, there is no going back. 5 GMOs are not the answer for global food security. 6 Genetically engineered foods ..." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Map: Cairns 4870. More than 250,000 crown-of-thorns starfish have been removed from the Great Barrier Reef off Queensland in the past two years, Federal Environment Minister Greg Hunt says. The pest is considered to be one of the biggest threats to the reef and has traditionally been hard to destroy.", "Queensland National Parks Minister Steve Dickson says the crown of thorns starfish continues to be the biggest threat to the Great Barrier Reef. Mr Dickson is today meeting coral reef researchers on Lizard island, north-east of Cooktown off far north Queensland.", "Recent marine surveys by scientists in the Great Barrier Reef have found that an explosion in the population of the crown-of-thorns starfish has decimated parts of the region’s reefs and are now threatening part of the so-called Coral Triangle – one of the world’s richest regions of coral reef biodiversity.", "Crown-of-thorns starfish. Crown-of-thorns starfish are one of the most damaging creatures of tropical coral reefs, particularly Australia's Great Barrier Reef. They are voracious predators that release the contents of their stomach on to the coral. Digestive juices then liquify the coral ready for consumption.", "In the past 40 years, three waves of crown-of-thorns starfish outbreaks have had a major impact on the many reefs that make up the Great Barrier Reef. Crown-of-thorns starfish (also known as COTS) are marine invertebrates that feed on coral.", "Cyclic outbreaks of the crown-of-thorns starfish occur approximately every 17 years. There have been four documented outbreaks on the Great Barrier Reef since the 1960s, with the latest starting in 2010.", "The crown-of-thorns starfish (Acanthaster planci) is native to coral reefs in the Indo-Pacific region." ], "url": [ "http://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-04-22/new-method-kills-more-than-2502c000-crown-of-thorns-starfish-o/5403600", "http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-06-14/starfish-pest-the-greatest-impact-on-great-barrier-reef/4753764", "http://www.treehugger.com/natural-sciences/killer-starfish-eating-up-great-barrier-reef.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Crown-of-thorns_starfish", "http://www.aims.gov.au/docs/research/biodiversity-ecology/threats/cots.html", "http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/crown-of-thorns-starfish", "http://www.gbrmpa.gov.au/about-the-reef/animals/crown-of-thorns-starfish" ] }

[ "Crown-of-thorns starfish. Crown-of-thorns starfish are one of the most damaging creatures of tropical coral reefs, particularly Australia's Great Barrier Reef. They are voracious predators that release the contents of their stomach on to the coral. Digestive juices then liquify the coral ready for consumption." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "During transcription, the enzyme RNA polymerase (green) uses DNA as a template to produce a pre-mRNA transcript (pink). The pre-mRNA is processed to form a mature mRNA molecule that can be translated to build the protein molecule (polypeptide) encoded by the original gene.", "Ribosomes translate RNA into a protein with a specific amino acid sequence. The tRNA binds and brings to the ribosome the amino acid encoded by the mRNA. Ribosomes are made of rRNA and proteins. This summary of how genes are expressed shows that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which is translated in turn to protein. This chart shows the genetic code used by all organisms.", "In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription.", "Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes.", "Proteins can be manufactured in large quantities because a single DNA sequence can be transcribed by many RNA polymerase molecules at once. DNA transcription is a process that involves transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA. The transcribed DNA message, or RNA transcript, is used to produce proteins. DNA is housed within the nucleus of our cells. It controls cellular activity by coding for the production of proteins." ], "url": [ "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Translation-DNA-to-mRNA-to-Protein-393", "http://moodleshare.org/mod/book/view.php?id=1687&chapterid=124", "http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/Translation-DNA-to-mRNA-to-Protein-393", "http://www.atdbio.com/content/14/Transcription-Translation-and-Replication", "http://biology.about.com/od/cellularprocesses/ss/Dna-Transcription.htm" ] }

[ "Proteins can be manufactured in large quantities because a single DNA sequence can be transcribed by many RNA polymerase molecules at once. DNA transcription is a process that involves transcribing genetic information from DNA to RNA. The transcribed DNA message, or RNA transcript, is used to produce proteins. DNA is housed within the nucleus of our cells. It controls cellular activity by coding for the production of proteins." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Sparkling mineral water, carbonated water and seltzer. Basically, it's water and carbon dioxide. Sparkling mineral water is a naturally-occurring carbonation, as described above. Thomas Henry produced the first forced carbonated water using an apparatus that utilized a pump to impregnate water with fixed air. The main difference is the introduction of potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate, which dulls the sharp burn of effervescence. Club soda, sparkling mineral water, seltzer and carbonated water have no calories, which make them a dieters alternative for 7-UP, Mellow Yellow, Mountain Dew and tonic water. Tonic water or quinine water. Tonic water is a carbonated drink containing water, sugar, carbon dioxide and quinine. Quinine was added to the tonic water to help cure or prevent malaria. It comes from the bark of the Cinchona tree that grows in the rain forest on the eastern slopes of the Andes", "Club Soda. In looks and taste, club soda is very similar to both seltzer and mineral water. It contains many of the same compounds that naturally occur in mineral water, except in this case they're artificially added. Ingredients like potassium-bicarbonate and potassium-sulfate lend a slightly salty taste to the water. Seltzer water, mineral water, and club soda are often used interchangeably because, to most people, the flavor difference between them is almost undetectable. Still, Rhoda was right to ask: These bubbly waters are not all built the same.", "Club soda. Club soda is carbonated water that has added minerals like potassium bicarbonate and potassium citrate to enhance the flavor. It can also have added sodium, but not all club sodas contain sodium. Seltzer water. Seltzer water is also carbonated water, but it doesn’t have any additives, including sodium. You can purchase flavored seltzers, usually in a citrus flavor, but plain seltzer is simply water that is carbonated. ", "Seltzer water and club soda are very similar, but there is a notable difference between the two. Unlike seltzer, mineral-like ingredients are added to club soda to enhance the flavor. If you look on the list of ingredients, you'll likely see potassium bicarbonate and potassium sulfate listed. Unlike the other carbonated options, tonic water has a distinct flavor and it certainly can't be swapped out (or in) for carbonated water. Tonic water is a bitter drink (a result of the addition of quinine) which pairs particularly well with gin.", "Tonic Water. Just because it contains the word water in its name and is carbonated doesn't mean that tonic water is in the same category as bubbly waters. Unlike the other carbonated options, tonic water has a distinct flavor and it certainly can't be swapped out (or in) for carbonated water. Tonic water is a bitter drink (a result of the addition of quinine) which pairs particularly well with gin.", "While seltzer is plain carbonated water and nothing but, club soda usually has a few mineral-y ingredients mixed in for added flavor (see the carbonated water, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate listed on the label directly above vs. the simple carbonated water pictured above that on the seltzer bottle). ", "Seltzer water is any sort of man-made carbonated water that is sold as a beverage or mixer. It is very similar to naturally occurring mineral water, except its carbonation has been introduced artificially, and most of the time it does not contain any added minerals, either. ", "The carbonation process gives water a slightly acidic pH. Seltzer or seltzer water is carbonated water to which no other ingredients have been added. It contains only water and carbon dioxide. If you have a SodaStream or other home carbonation system, and you don’t use any added flavorings, you are making seltzer. Soda water is an ambiguous term, probably because it’s been around for a long time: It is what the first commercially available artificially carbonated water was called in the late 18 th century. Today, some people use soda water synonymously with seltzer; other people use it synonymously with club soda.", "For the music venue in Montreal, see Club Soda (Montreal) . A glass of sparkling water. Carbonated water (also known as club soda, soda water, sparkling water, seltzer water, or fizzy water) is water into which carbon dioxide gas under pressure has been dissolved. Some of these have additives such as sodium (seltzer water is almost always composed of water and carbon dioxide with no other additives). This process, known as carbonation, is a process that causes the water to become effervescent. " ], "url": [ "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060727190104AAEx514", "http://www.epicurious.com/ingredients/differences-mineral-water-tonic-club-soda-seltzer-article", "http://www.mnn.com/food/beverages/blogs/whats-the-difference-between-club-soda-seltzer-water-and-tonic-water", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/29/seltzer-vs-club-soda_n_1434891.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/10/29/seltzer-vs-club-soda_n_1434891.html", "http://www.thekitchn.com/what-is-the-best-fizzy-water-for-your-cocktail-straight-up-cocktails-and-spirits-85739", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-seltzer-water.htm", "http://www.slate.com/blogs/browbeat/2014/05/14/carbonated_waters_defined_what_are_seltzer_club_soda_soda_water_perrier.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonated_water" ] }

[ "While seltzer is plain carbonated water and nothing but, club soda usually has a few mineral-y ingredients mixed in for added flavor (see the carbonated water, potassium bicarbonate, potassium sulfate listed on the label directly above vs. the simple carbonated water pictured above that on the seltzer bottle). " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "MRAD Caliber Conversion Kits are now available in .338 Lapua Magnum, .300 Winchester Magnum, .308 Winchester, .260 Remington and 6.5 Creedmoor. The M107A1™ is one-of-a-kind rifle that allows you to combine signature reduction capabilities with the flawless reliability of the original Barrett M107®.", "This is a discussion on 0.1 mrad within the Optics forums, part of the Gun Forum category; not sure the difference in 0.1 MRAD turret adjustments versus .25 MOA clicks, etc. Seems wih 0.1 it would take a whole lotta clicks to ...", "Okay, so I have read a few posts on here about MRAD. However, it is not COMPLETELY clear to me yet. Further, there is very little on the internet to read about it, in order to fully understand it.", "Sam, a mil (or mRad) is 1/1000th of the distance. So whatever units you are using, whether meters, yards, fathoms, light years, etc. that is always the case. At 100 yards, a mil is .10 yards (3.6) and at 100 meters, 10 cm.", "The MRAD’s lower uses a double-stacked detachable magazine. To fit it with an ambidextrous magazine release, Barrett followed the Ruskies, deploying the same magazine catch design found on the AK series rifles. Unlike the AK series, the MRAD’s magazine release is very small and not well-positioned.", "MRAD is the abbreviation used for “milliradians”. Milliradians are units of measurement that pertain to 1/1000 of a radian. The radian is a measure of angular distance or the ratio involving one length of the radius and a similar length of the circle arc. The angle produced with these two items provides the radian. When this particular angle is divided into 1000 mini components then each unit may be labelled as one (1) MRAD or one (1) milliradian. The concept of measuring angles using units such as radians or “mrads” is attributed to a man named Roger Cotes.", "0.1 mrad. This is a discussion on 0.1 mrad within the Optics forums, part of the Gun Forum category; not sure the difference in 0.1 MRAD turret adjustments versus .25 MOA clicks, etc. Seems wih 0.1 it would take a whole lotta clicks to ..." ], "url": [ "https://barrett.net/", "http://m14forum.com/optics/94521-0-1-mrad.html", "http://www.opticstalk.com/understanding-mrad_topic22732.html", "http://www.opticstalk.com/understanding-mrad_topic22732.html", "http://www.thetruthaboutguns.com/2011/06/foghorn/gun-review-barrett-mrad/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-mrad/", "http://m14forum.com/optics/94521-0-1-mrad.html" ] }

[ "MRAD is the abbreviation used for “milliradians”. Milliradians are units of measurement that pertain to 1/1000 of a radian. The radian is a measure of angular distance or the ratio involving one length of the radius and a similar length of the circle arc. The angle produced with these two items provides the radian. When this particular angle is divided into 1000 mini components then each unit may be labelled as one (1) MRAD or one (1) milliradian. The concept of measuring angles using units such as radians or “mrads” is attributed to a man named Roger Cotes." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The bone of the arm (humerus) meets both the ulna (the inner bone of the forearm) and radius (the outer bone of the forearm) to form a hinge joint at the elbow. The radius and ulna also meet one another in the elbow to permit a small amount of rotation of the forearm.", "An inside look at the structure of the elbow. #. Advertisement. Advertisement. The elbow is where the two bones of the forearm – the radius on the thumb side of the arm and the ulna on the pinky finger side – meet the bone of the upper arm -- the humerus. The lower end of the humerus flares out into two rounded protrusions called epicondyles, where muscles attach.", "The elbow is a synovial hinge joint located between the upper arm and forearm. It is formed by the meeting of three bones: the humerus in the upper arm and the ulna and radius in the lower arm.", "Definition. Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and wrist. Golfer's elbow is similar to tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of the elbow. It's not limited to golfers." ], "url": [ "http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3204", "http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/elbow-pain/elbow-anatomy.php", "http://www.innerbody.com/image/musc07.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/golfers-elbow/basics/definition/CON-20027964" ] }

[ "Definition. Golfer's elbow is a condition that causes pain where the tendons of your forearm muscles attach to the bony bump on the inside of your elbow. The pain might spread into your forearm and wrist. Golfer's elbow is similar to tennis elbow, which occurs on the outside of the elbow. It's not limited to golfers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Acute causes of hand cramps. Hand cramps can also be caused by acute problems that affect the muscles and nerves of the hand including: Anxiety or panic due to hyperventilation. Damage to a single nerve or nerve group (mononeuropathy) or to multiple nerves (polyneuropathy) that are connected to muscles in the hand. ", "Hand cramps: The occurrence of muscular cramps that occur in the hand. See detailed information below for a list of 1 causes of Hand cramps, including diseases and drug side effect causes. » Review Causes of Hand cramps: Causes. ", "Causes of Cramps in Hands and Fingers: Cramps are involuntary contractions of the muscles, which fail to relax immediately, resulting in severe pain. Skeletal muscle cramps are more common in the legs and calf muscles; however they can affect hands and other body parts. Here are a few reasons for causes of cramps in hands and fingers, 1 Prolonged activities involving the hands and the fingers like typing, playing an instrument or doing needle work are associated with hand or finger cramps. Treatment of Cramps in Hands and Fingers: 1 Prolonged and repetitive activities can result in stress, which in turn, can cause cramps. 2 Take a break every now and then to stretch the hands and shake them to avoid cramps. 3 Ensure that your diet is rich in green leafy vegetables and fruits, namely pineapple.", "Cramps are more likely the result of a mineral deficiency of the body. Try to add a couple of mineral tablets to your diet. On the other hand thyroid problems can also lead to … this and you may need to talk with your doctor. 13 people found this useful. ", "I can only straighten them by using my other hand. A: What you describe sounds like carpal spasm. Spasms, or cramps, are involuntary muscle contractions. The most common causes of spasms are overused muscles (in the hands that might be due to writing or typing) and dehydration. Other causes of muscle cramping include low levels of calcium and magnesium. Some golfers experience contractions of the hand while putting, a phenomenon that's been nicknamed the yips.. Talk to your doctor if the cramps occur often. If he or she can't find a specific cause, focus on drinking enough water and stretching your fingers periodically.", "Photo Credit Photodisc/Photodisc/Getty Images. Cramps that occur in the fingers have a variety of causes. For example, overusing the fingers during activities such as writing, playing instruments or typing, can cause muscle fatigue and unwanted spasms that interfere with normal motor performance. Step 2. Stretch your fingers to relieve cramping and increase muscle flexibility in the hands. For example, hold your hand parallel to the floor and use the index finger on your other hand to gently lift each finger upward for five seconds before releasing.", "The most common causes of hand or finger cramps or spasms are muscle spasm, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Other possible causes, such as multiple sclerosis, are more rare. Within all the people who go to their doctor with hand or finger cramps or spasms, 47% report having hand or finger pain, 34% report having foot or toe cramps or spasms, and 34% report having leg cramps or spasms. 1 Hand or finger pain 47. 2 Foot or toe cramps or spasms strong predictor 34. 3 Headache 34.", "In some situations, hand cramps can occur as a result of chronic medical conditions that affect your entire body, such as thyroid disorders, dystonia (abnormal prolonged muscle contractions), or diabetes. Health Stories: Read how this real patient found the right care. I was in excruciating pain…and you rescued me. Cramps in your hand can arise from a number of different causes. Hand cramps develop as a result of conditions affecting muscles and nerves in your hand. Trauma or injury to a nerve in your hand can also cause hand cramps. Even breathing too fast (hyperventilation) can result in hand cramps, as carbon dioxide levels in the blood become too low. Everyday, simple reasons, such as fatigue from overuse, can lead to temporary, acute cramps in the hand" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hand-cramps--causes", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/sym/hand_cramps.htm", "http://www.tandurust.com/health-faq-3/cramps-in-hands.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_causes_hands_and_fingers_to_cramp_up_and_immobilize_painfully", "http://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/a-harvard-medical-school-doctor-answers-a-question-about-hand-cramps", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/510583-how-to-relieve-cramping-fingers/", "http://www.symcat.com/symptoms/hand-or-finger-cramps-or-spasms", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/hand-cramps" ] }

[ "The most common causes of hand or finger cramps or spasms are muscle spasm, diabetes, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Other possible causes, such as multiple sclerosis, are more rare. Within all the people who go to their doctor with hand or finger cramps or spasms, 47% report having hand or finger pain, 34% report having foot or toe cramps or spasms, and 34% report having leg cramps or spasms. 1 Hand or finger pain 47. 2 Foot or toe cramps or spasms strong predictor 34. 3 Headache 34." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Buying a home is an exciting time but it can be confusing, especially if you're a first-time buyer. Conveyancing describes the legal transfer of property (from seller to buyer). How long it takes depends on several things, such as how many buyers and sellers are involved in the process, but it can take weeks or months. ", "Lorraine's profile. In most cases the conveyancing for the purchase of a home will take between six and eight weeks. But it can be much less, or a lot longer, depending on many circumstances. In many cases a fee will be payable, so the seller’s Solicitors will have to find out how much the fee is, get payment from their client and then send payment to the organisation concerned before the document or information can be obtained – all of which cause delays.", "There is one question that buyers and sellers always ask regarding conveyancing-how long will it take? The usual estimate is 8 - 12 weeks though in truth, when it comes to leasehold conveyancing how long it takes depends on a great number of factors. If so it may be necessary to pay a further fee. Dealing With Defects in the Lease. Another issue that affects, in regards to leasehold conveyancing how long the transaction will take, is if there is a defect in the lease, or if it needs to be extended.", "How Long Does House Conveyancing Take. The average time it takes for the conveyancing work to be carried out on a property purchase is around 6 to 8 weeks. This can change a lot depending on the circumstance of the transaction. For leasehold property it generally takes longer than a freehold property. 6. A property can be on the market for a number of months and in some cases years. This is why a large percentage of sellers do not start looking for a new property until theirs is under offer. This process can take a long time and if they need to arrange for mortgage finance can delay it even further.", "Leasehold information is obtained from a landlord or managing agent and how long it takes to obtain will depend on how efficient the landlord or managing agent is. A large national company will typically take 2 - 3 weeks. They will often offer an expedited service for an additional fee and this will take perhaps a week. Although the additional fee can make the information quite expensive, in terms of the conveyancing it can reduce how long it takes. If so it may be necessary to pay a further fee. Dealing With Defects in the Lease. Another issue that affects, in regards to leasehold conveyancing how long the transaction will take, is if there is a defect in the lease, or if it needs to be extended.", "We say this is a general guide as on a purchase, you are generally in the hands of when the searches will be provided; when your mortgage offer lands and also how long it takes to obtain satisfactory replies to enquiries from the sellers solicitors. If the property is leasehold you should speak to your managing agent and try to obtain a leasehold sale pack as soon as possible. Purchase. 1. Make sure that you sign your client care letters and make your payment on account of costs as soon as possible so we can commission your searches; 2.", "It can vary a great deal. On average probably 6 to 8 weeks. The factors that play a part in how long the transaction will take most commonly are the time it takes buyer to find a mortgage and the mortgage lender to issue the mortgage offer." ], "url": [ "http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/for-the-public/common-legal-issues/buying-a-home/", "http://www.homewardlegal.co.uk/blog/how-long-does-conveyancing-take", "http://www.theadvisory.co.uk/conveyancing-how-long.php", "https://houseconveyancing.org/how-long-does-house-conveyancing-take-in-the-uk/", "http://www.theadvisory.co.uk/conveyancing-how-long.php", "http://www.pls-solicitors.co.uk/faq/long-conveyancing-take/", "http://www.mcglennons.co.uk/our-services/residential-conveyancing/residential-conveyancing-faq/" ] }

[ "How Long Does House Conveyancing Take. The average time it takes for the conveyancing work to be carried out on a property purchase is around 6 to 8 weeks. This can change a lot depending on the circumstance of the transaction. For leasehold property it generally takes longer than a freehold property. 6. A property can be on the market for a number of months and in some cases years. This is why a large percentage of sellers do not start looking for a new property until theirs is under offer. This process can take a long time and if they need to arrange for mortgage finance can delay it even further." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Officers who had completed at least 60 credit hours of college and had at least a 2.0 grade point average started out earning $48,462 in Los Angeles. Those who had a bachelor's degree or more advanced degree earned $50,342. Starting salaries for police officers in Columbus, Ohio, was $43,430. The median annual wage earned by police officers as of 2011 was $54,230, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries received by the bottom 10 percent of officers were $32,080 or less.", "The median salary for Michigan police and sheriff’s patrol officers is $53,760, LawEnforcementEDU.net reported, citing 2012-13 Bureau of Labor Statistics data. That is approximately $3,000 lower than the national median pay, according to the BLS. Police supervisors receive $70,270, and detectives and criminal investigators earn $71,290. According to Indeed, the average salary for a police officer in Michigan is $29,000. Michigan state police have a starting salary of $41,000, Criminal Justice Degree Schools reported. After 20 years of service, they are granted the maximum salary for an officer of $62,000. Pay is a large concern for Michigan police officers, especially those in Detroit. Officers working for Wayne State University make $43,000 a year, WJBK-TV reported in March 2014", "1 Academy pay is $33.26 an hour, until sworn in as a police officer. 2 Police officer, starting step 1 salary $80,600. 3 Police officer, top step salary $107,931 (one step increase annually for seven years). 4 Lateral police officer salary determined by experience, training and education. SALARY: 1 ", "Police or Sheriff's Patrol Officer Salary. (United States). The average salary for a Police or Sheriff's Patrol Officer is $44,913 per year. Experience has a moderate effect on pay for this job. Most people with this job move on to other positions after 20 years in this career. $29,591 - $76,611. ", "The median annual wage for police and detectives was $56,980 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage at which half the workers in an occupation earned more than that amount and half earned less. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $33,060, and the top 10 percent earned more than $93,450. ", "The average starting salaries of new police officers ranged from $26,600 to $49,500, with larger jurisdictions generally paying higher wages, the BJS says. The median annual wage earned by police officers as of 2011 was $54,230, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Salaries received by the bottom 10 percent of officers were $32,080 or less.", "The salaries of police officers often depend on the state and town where they serve. Location is the largest factor to a police officer’s salary in states like Missouri. The average salary for a police officer is $28,000 a year in Missouri, according to Indeed.com. This rate matches the national average. Median pay for police officers varies widely throughout the state, with St. Louis police officer earning an average of about $51,000 a year and those in Springfield earning $47,000 a year, according to Salary.com. The lowest hourly pay rate for a police officer is in Hillsdale, which an hour of work pays only $11.18, according NBC News. That average hourly pay eventually adds up to an annual salary of $23,251.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Police Patrol Officer in the United States is $52,799, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Police Patrol Officer in the United States are expected to make less than $52,799. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus. 3 Benefits. ", "The New York Police Department is the largest municipal police force in the United States. Rookie cops in the NYPD receive a base salary of $41,975 per year. Total compensation, comprised of base pay and payments covering uniform costs and other considerations, amounts to $44,744. Wages increase at regular intervals during a rookie's first five-and-a-half years on the job. After two-and-a-half years on the job, a police officer receives a base salary of $48,779 and a total compensation package of $53,819. Base salaries increase on an annual basis by $3,000 to $5,000 over the next few years." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/police-officers-starting-salary-6740.html", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/average-salary-police-officer-Michigan/2015/07/15/id/657323/", "http://www.sjpd.org/joinsjpdblue/SalaryBenefits.html", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Job=Police_or_Sheriff%27s_Patrol_Officer/Salary", "http://www.bls.gov/ooh/Protective-Service/Police-and-detectives.htm", "http://work.chron.com/police-officers-starting-salary-6740.html", "http://www.newsmax.com/FastFeatures/average-salary-police-officer-Missouri/2015/07/18/id/657847/", "http://www1.salary.com/Police-Officer-salary.html", "http://work.chron.com/salary-rookie-cop-nypd-2215.html" ] }

[ "The salaries of police officers often depend on the state and town where they serve. Location is the largest factor to a police officer’s salary in states like Missouri. The average salary for a police officer is $28,000 a year in Missouri, according to Indeed.com. This rate matches the national average. Median pay for police officers varies widely throughout the state, with St. Louis police officer earning an average of about $51,000 a year and those in Springfield earning $47,000 a year, according to Salary.com. The lowest hourly pay rate for a police officer is in Hillsdale, which an hour of work pays only $11.18, according NBC News. That average hourly pay eventually adds up to an annual salary of $23,251." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "It is found in the wood of the camphor laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), a large evergreen tree found in Asia (particularly in Sumatra, Indonesia and Borneo) and also of the unrelated kapur tree, a tall timber tree from the same region. In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "It is used for its scent, as an ingredient in cooking (mainly in India), as an embalming fluid, for medicinal purposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor in Asia is camphor basil (the parent of African blue basil). In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "---Description--- Camphor is a white crystalline substance, obtained from the tree Cinnamonum camphora, but the name has been given to various concrete odorous volatile products, found in different aromatic plants. The commercial Camphor comes only from C. camphora and Dryobalanops camphora (fam. Dipterocarpacaea). ", "Camphor (/ˈkaemfər/) ˈkæmfər is a, waxy, flammable white or transparent solid with a strong aromatic. odor In biosynthesis, camphor is produced from geranyl pyrophosphate, via cyclisation of linaloyl pyrophosphate to bornyl pyrophosphate, followed by hydrolysis to borneol and oxidation to camphor.", "* Camphor (mothballs) is very difficult to get rid of and it's toxic. Using a white vinegar/water spray will help to get the smell out. Spray article (drawers in cabinets, couches) and use 2 cups in a wash cycle for clothes that have been packed in mothballs. Air furniture or clothing outside for 3 - 4 days if possible.", "Camphor laurel contains volatile chemical compounds in all plant parts, and the wood and leaves are steam distilled for the essential oils. Camphor laurel has six different chemical variants called chemotypes, which are camphor, linalool, 1,8- cineole, nerolidol, safrole, or borneol. Cinnamomum camphora (commonly known as camphor tree, camphorwood or camphor laurel) is a large evergreen tree that grows up to 20–30 m (66–98 ft) tall. The leaves have a glossy, waxy appearance and smell of camphor when crushed. In spring, it produces bright green foliage with masses of small white flowers. It produces clusters of black, berry-like fruit around 1 cm (0.39 in) in diameter", "Camphor Tree. Camphor tree (Cinnamomum camphora) not only has fragrant leaves, but also scented flowers. It’s also commonly called camphor laurel because it belongs to the laurel plant family (Lauraceae). The camphor tree is long-lived, with a potential lifespan of 150 years. ", "Best Answer: Hi, The smell of camphor is characteristic, however, it resembles that of Rosemary. She is strong, penetrating, not unpleasant for some people, intolerable for many others. ", ", CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. The camphor tree produces a white crystalline substance, camphor, which has been much used as insect repellant. If you have ever smelled a moth ball-that’s camphor. It comes from the wood of the evergreen tree which can grow up to 100 feet and can have a canopy of 6 or 7 feet in diameter." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/c/campho13.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camphor", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_do_you_remove_the_camphor_smell", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/trees-smell-like-menthol-83481.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120224165238AAIuaym", "http://herbs-treatandtaste.blogspot.com/2011/08/camphor-tree-moth-ball-tree-information.html" ] }

[ ", CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA. The camphor tree produces a white crystalline substance, camphor, which has been much used as insect repellant. If you have ever smelled a moth ball-that’s camphor. It comes from the wood of the evergreen tree which can grow up to 100 feet and can have a canopy of 6 or 7 feet in diameter." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A normal total cholesterol level should be under 200 mg/dL. It's best to consider total cholesterol to be a good overview number, not the number that you use to decide whether or not you have an ideal cholesterol reading. In fact, total cholesterol levels can be misleading. For example, a person can have a normal total cholesterol level but have a low HDL level and high LDL level. Both low HDL levels and high LDL levels increase a person's risk for heart disease.", "HDL (good) cholesterol protects against heart disease, so for HDL, higher numbers are better. A level less than 40 mg/dL is low and is considered a major risk factor because it increases your risk for developing heart disease. HDL levels of 60 mg/dL or more help to lower your risk for heart disease. ", "In the United States, cholesterol levels are calculated in milligrams of cholesterol for each deciliter of blood. A result of under 200 mg per dL (5.2 mmol/L) is ideal. A level somewhere between 200 to 239 mg per dL (5.2 and 6.2 mmol/L) is within the edge line of high-risk class. In that case, your doctor might advise you to develop a preventing low cholesterol diet plan.", "Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, but your level of bad LDL cholesterol is High. This may mean that your level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or good cholesterol, is too low. It is best to have a high level of good HDL and a low level of bad LDL. Congratulations! Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is optimal. Congratulations! Your total cholesterol level is in the Desirable range, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is near optimal.", "Your total cholesterol level is Borderline High. Your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Borderline High, too. Working to bring down your total cholesterol decreases your LDL cholesterol level. You can do this by exercising more and eating less food with saturated fats. Your total cholesterol level is High, and your level of bad LDL cholesterol is Very High", "LDL levels are therefore the very best gauge of risk of cardiac arrest. A low LDL cholesterol is much better. Lower than 100 mg per dL (2.6 mmol/L) is the ideal. Between 100 and 129 mg per dL (2.6 and 3.3 mmol/L) is close to ideal, while between 130 and 159 mg per dL (3.4 and 4.1 mmol/L) is borderline elevated. A result of under 200 mg per dL (5.2 mmol/L) is ideal. A level somewhere between 200 to 239 mg per dL (5.2 and 6.2 mmol/L) is within the edge line of high-risk class. In that case, your doctor might advise you to develop a preventing low cholesterol diet plan.", "Total blood (or serum) cholesterol. Your total cholesterol score is calculated using the following equation: HDL + LDL + 20 percent of your triglyceride level. HDL (good) cholesterol. With HDL cholesterol, higher levels are better. Low HDL cholesterol puts you at higher risk for heart disease", "Your total blood cholesterol is a measure of the cholesterol components LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein, which is the triglyceride-carrying component of lipids). ", "Healthy Cholesterol Levels. The recommended HDL level is higher in women than men. Aim to keep your total cholesterol level less than 200 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol less than 100 mg/dL. The desired HDL level is greater than 50 mg/dL and levels greater than 60 mg/dL are considered protective against heart disease. It is important to be aware of your cholesterol levels because a high cholesterol level double your risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The recommended level of cholesterol differs slightly for men and women and knowing your numbers is the first step in keeping your cholesterol at a healthy level." ], "url": [ "http://cholesterol.emedtv.com/cholesterol/normal-cholesterol-levels.html", "http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/resources/heart/heart-cholesterol-hbc-what-html", "http://www.cholesterolmenu.com/cholesterol-levels-chart/", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers", "http://www.webmd.com/cholesterol-management/guide/understanding-numbers?page=2", "http://www.cholesterolmenu.com/cholesterol-levels-chart/", "http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/Conditions/Cholesterol/AboutCholesterol/What-Your-Cholesterol-Levels-Mean_UCM_305562_Article.jsp", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases_conditions/hic_Cholesterol/hic_what_do_cholesterol_numbers_mean", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/388701-what-is-the-normal-cholesterol-level-for-women/" ] }

[ "A normal total cholesterol level should be under 200 mg/dL. It's best to consider total cholesterol to be a good overview number, not the number that you use to decide whether or not you have an ideal cholesterol reading. In fact, total cholesterol levels can be misleading. For example, a person can have a normal total cholesterol level but have a low HDL level and high LDL level. Both low HDL levels and high LDL levels increase a person's risk for heart disease." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average salary for anesthesiologist jobs is $168,000. Average anesthesiologist salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term anesthesiologist anywhere in the job listing.", "An anesthesiologist’s average salary is very good. The BLS reports the profession’s median salary was higher than $187,199 in 2014, but the average pay for this position was $246,320. The highest-paid anesthesiologists work in Youngstown, Ohio; Wichita, Kansas; Tulsa, Oklahoma; Tucson, Arizona; and Tampa, Florida.", "An Anesthesiologist salary can be affected by many different factors such as geographical location of your job, the type of facility you work in, specialty and experience. In the United States, an anesthesiologist can expect to earn on average about $343,000 each year and this can go up to about $425,000. The salary also depends on the industry you work in. You may work in healthcare, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, education, government and non-profit organizations.", "Conclusion about anesthesiologist salary. Anesthesiologist’s salary varies by assignment and an average pay rate is around $1,200 per day which may go up to $1,350 for pediatric or cardiac cases. In fact, anesthesiologists receive about $6,000 to $6,750 per week through the assignments.", "Average anesthesiologist salary. The annual salary for an Anesthesiologist is about $166,400 while the median salary for an anesthesiologist based in US is $335,078. As you can see average anesthesiologist salary is one of the highest salary in medical sector.", "There are no specific reports about anesthesiologist nurse’s salary. However, nurse anesthetists, professionals with a relevant profession, earned an average of $158,900 per year in 2014, according to the BLS. According to PayScale, nurse anesthetists earned between $90,924 and $186,905 per year." ], "url": [ "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-anesthesiologist-jobs.html", "http://money.usnews.com/careers/best-jobs/anesthesiologist/salary", "http://www.healthcareworkersalary.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/anesthesiologist-salary" ] }

[ "The average salary for anesthesiologist jobs is $168,000. Average anesthesiologist salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term anesthesiologist anywhere in the job listing." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The average time for a goose egg to hatch is thirty days after it has been laid. There are variations in species, but for domesticated geese, the average incubation time is a month.", "Most goose eggs take from 28 to 32 days to hatch. However, it is not uncommon for them to hatch anywhere from day 26 to day 35. Goose eggs take the same temperature as chickens---99.5 forced air and 101.5 still air. They also need a much higher humidity--at least 65% from days 1-26, then 85% or more until they hatch.", "You get a male and female goose. You put them in a safe place outdoors with food and plenty of water. In the spring, the female will lay about 20 eggs which she will set … on both day and night until the eggs hatch about 28 days later.", "Infertile eggs should be discarded and fertile eggs should be returned to the nest. 5. Wait until the eggs hatch. Incubation can take 28 to 35 days, and hatching can take as long as three days. 1 Keep the conditions of the nest clean throughout this entire period and continue turning the eggs each day during the entire process.", "How long do waterfowl eggs take to hatch? That depends on the type of eggs one is incubating. Bantam duck eggs usually hatch in 27-28 days for me. The eggs of large ducks and most geese take approximately 28-30 days with Chinas often hatching a day or so earlier.", "I'm hatching my first set of goose eggs and was just wondering how long they are supposed to take to hatch. They are Toulouse breed and I was told it should take 28 days.", "Mallards lay between 8-12 eggs and muscovies lay between 12-18 eggs. The egg laying process lasts for an equal number of days (it takes 12 days to lay 12 eggs). Once egg laying is complete, she will leave the male (who will wait at the water for her) and she will begin incubation on the nest fulltime." ], "url": [ "http://www.ehow.co.uk/facts_5044393_long-goose-eggs-hatch.html", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/a/goose-egg-hatching", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_for_goose_eggs_to_hatch", "http://www.wikihow.com/Hatch-a-Goose-Egg", "http://www.acornhollowbantams.com/hatching_rearing.cfm?id=39", "http://www.backyardchickens.com/t/777559/how-long-does-it-take-for-a-toulouse-goose-to-hatch", "http://wildliferehabber.com/content/duck-information" ] }

[ "Infertile eggs should be discarded and fertile eggs should be returned to the nest. 5. Wait until the eggs hatch. Incubation can take 28 to 35 days, and hatching can take as long as three days. 1 Keep the conditions of the nest clean throughout this entire period and continue turning the eggs each day during the entire process." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Epigastric pain has many possible causes. Most commonly, epigastric pain is the result of overeating, drinking alcohol while eating, or consuming greasy or spicy foods. Epigastric pain can be caused by digestive conditions such as acid reflux or lactose intolerance. Other causes of epigastric pain. Epigastric pain may have other causes including: Barrett’s esophagus (cellular changes in the esophagus that may lead to esophageal cancer). Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). Gallstones or gallbladder disease.", "The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Epigastric pain. There are likely to be other possible causes, so ask your doctor about your symptoms. List of 93 causes of Epigastric pain. This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Epigastric pain in our database from various sources. 1 Abdominal hernia. 2 Angina. 3 Ankylostomiasis-epigastric pain. 4 Biliary pain. 5 Callistin shellfish poisoning", "Epigastric pain can be due to common causes including: Dyspepsia (indigestion). Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining). Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), a condition in which acidic stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. Heartburn. Lactose intolerance. Pregnancy. Other causes of epigastric pain. Epigastric pain may have other causes including: Barrett’s esophagus (cellular changes in the esophagus that may lead to esophageal cancer). Esophagitis (inflammation of the esophagus). Gallstones or gallbladder disease.", "Epigastric pain is pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs. Often, those who experience this type of pain feel it during or right after eating or if they lie down too soon after eating. It is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn. It may be associated with the gastric contents moving upward into the back of the throat, causing inflammation and a burning pain. Epigastric pain may also occur with conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive organs, such as gastritis and pancreatitis. Pregnant women may experience epigastric pain due to increased abdominal pressure and hormonal changes that slow the digestive process", "Many conditions can cause upper abdominal pain. Causes of middle-upper abdominal pain include: Causes of right upper abdominal pain include: Causes of left upper abdominal pain include: 1 Abdominal wall muscle strain. 2 Abdominal aortic aneurysm. 3 Acute pancreatitis. 4 Gallbladder disease. 5 Gastric cancer. 6 Gastritis. 7 Gastroenteritis.", "Conditions listing medical symptoms: Epigastric pain: The following list of conditions have ' Epigastric pain ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. This computer-generated list may be inaccurate or incomplete. Always seek prompt professional medical advice about the cause of any symptom. List of 93 causes of Epigastric pain. This section shows a full list of all the diseases and conditions listed as a possible cause of Epigastric pain in our database from various sources. 1 Abdominal hernia. 2 Angina. 3 Ankylostomiasis-epigastric pain. 4 Biliary pain. 5 Callistin shellfish poisoning", "Shares & Saves. Save. Epigastric pain is an ache or soreness in the upper and middle portions of the abdomen, just below the sternum. There are a variety of causes for abdominal pain, and it is often difficult to pinpoint the exact cause without extensive testing. Gastroesophageal reflux disease, lactose intolerance, gallstones and pancreatitis are a few of the most common causes of epigastric pain.", "Epigastric pain-Location, Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment. The epigastrium is one of the quadrants of the abdomen. It is the region lying between the subcostal plane and the costal margins. To understand this, it is the region that is located in the middle of the upper part of the abdomen. There are many causes of the epigastric pain. Many disorders and diseases can lead to the uncomfortable feeling in this area. Therefore, it becomes difficult to diagnose the exact condition causing this pain. Here, we have presented all the possible aetiologies behind this pai" ], "url": [ "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain--causes", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/epigastric_pain/", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain--causes", "http://www.healthgrades.com/symptoms/epigastric-pain", "http://www.freemd.com/epigastric-pain/underlying-cause.htm", "http://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/epigastric_pain/", "http://www.ehow.com/info_8141198_epigastric-pain-causes.html", "http://www.ihealthblogger.com/2013/03/epigastric-pain-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-treatment.html" ] }

[ "Epigastric pain is pain that is localized to the region of the upper abdomen immediately below the ribs. Often, those who experience this type of pain feel it during or right after eating or if they lie down too soon after eating. It is a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or heartburn. It may be associated with the gastric contents moving upward into the back of the throat, causing inflammation and a burning pain. Epigastric pain may also occur with conditions that cause inflammation of the digestive organs, such as gastritis and pancreatitis. Pregnant women may experience epigastric pain due to increased abdominal pressure and hormonal changes that slow the digestive process" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You would supply the lender with data such as your income, assets and debts and the lender would give you an idea of how much you can borrow, what type of mortgage options there are, etc. A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that pre-qualified means pre-approved, but this is not the case. What It Means. To be pre-approved for a mortgage means that a bank or lender has investigated your credit history and determined that you would be a suitable candidate for a mortgage.", "DEFINITION of 'Pre-Approval'. An evaluation of a potential borrower by a lender that determines whether the borrower qualifies for a loan from the lender, or the maximum amount that the lender would be willing to lend. BREAKING DOWN 'Pre-Approval'. The pre-approval process involves a confirmation of income and a credit check on the borrower. As long as no major income or credit changes occur between the time of pre-approval and the actual purchase of a home, the dollar amount of pre-approval can be expected to remain the same.", "There’s not a lot of difference between a prequalification letter and a preapproval letter. While there are some legal distinctions, in practice both terms refer to a letter from a lender that says the lender is generally willing to lend to you, up to a certain amount and based on certain assumptions. Don’t worry about which word lenders use. Some lenders may use the word “prequalification,” while other lenders may call the letter a “preapproval.” In reality, lenders’ processes vary widely, and the words they use don’t tell you much about a particular lender’s process.", "Pre-approval does not mean the bank guarantees you the loan. It just means that you're approved to get loan -- unless something goes wrong. Commitment to the loan generally comes after the bank has had the house in question appraised to make sure the price you're paying isn't higher than the home's market value. At the end of the pre-approval process, if the bank looks you over and likes what it sees, you'll receive what's called a good faith estimate (GFE), which is a brief document spelling out the likely terms of the loan, including the interest rate, loan type (fixed-rate, adjustable and so on) and closing costs.", "You would supply the lender with data such as your income, assets and debts and the lender would give you an idea of how much you can borrow, what type of mortgage options there are, etc. A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that pre-qualified means pre-approved, but this is not the case. What It Involves. Getting pre-approved is a somewhat lengthy process. But at the end of it all you’ll know whether you can buy a home or not. The process starts before you even find a home. First, you’ll need to go to a lender and complete a mortgage application and provide documents related to your financial history.", "The literal meaning is at a stage before approval.. Thus, pre-approved creates no obligation whatsoever on the lender and no rights whatsoever to the potential borrower. Pre-approved is thus a popular advertising catch phrase to induce people to apply for a loan. The second meaning relates to mortgage lending. This pre approval can then help a buyer find a home that is within their loan amount range. Buyers can ask for a letter of pre approval from the lender, and when shopping for a home can have possibly an advantage over others because they can show the seller that they are more likely to be able to buy the house.", "Best Answer: If you have been pre-approved for a FHA or Conforming loan, that that is normally more accurate than being pre-qualified. The person you are working with will run your loan application and credit, thru DU or LP (Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac) automatic systems. ", "What It Involves. Getting pre-approved is a somewhat lengthy process. But at the end of it all you’ll know whether you can buy a home or not. The process starts before you even find a home. First, you’ll need to go to a lender and complete a mortgage application and provide documents related to your financial history. What It Means. To be pre-approved for a mortgage means that a bank or lender has investigated your credit history and determined that you would be a suitable candidate for a mortgage.", "A pre-approval is generally a written statement from a lender stating the lender’s preliminary determination that a borrower would qualify for a particular loan amount under that lender’s guidelines. The determination and loan amount are based on income and credit information. Pre-approval letters are subject to modification or cancellation if your financial situation or other conditions change. A pre-approval letter is not an offer to lend, a commitment to make a loan, or a guarantee of specific rates or terms. This online questionnaire is not an application for credit." ], "url": [ "http://blog.credit.com/2014/01/what-it-means-to-be-preapproved-for-a-mortgage-72882/", "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/preapproval.asp", "http://www.consumerfinance.gov/askcfpb/126/what-does-it-mean-to-be-preapproved-for-a-mortgage-loan.html", "http://www.hgtv.com/design/real-estate/understanding-the-pre-approval-process", "http://finance.yahoo.com/news/means-pre-approved-mortgage-130020944.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-approval", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071011150212AAxw2jP", "http://blog.credit.com/2014/01/what-it-means-to-be-preapproved-for-a-mortgage-72882/", "http://www.zillow.com/mortgage-learning/pre-approval/" ] }

[ "You would supply the lender with data such as your income, assets and debts and the lender would give you an idea of how much you can borrow, what type of mortgage options there are, etc. A lot of people make the mistake of thinking that pre-qualified means pre-approved, but this is not the case. What It Means. To be pre-approved for a mortgage means that a bank or lender has investigated your credit history and determined that you would be a suitable candidate for a mortgage.", "What It Involves. Getting pre-approved is a somewhat lengthy process. But at the end of it all you’ll know whether you can buy a home or not. The process starts before you even find a home. First, you’ll need to go to a lender and complete a mortgage application and provide documents related to your financial history. What It Means. To be pre-approved for a mortgage means that a bank or lender has investigated your credit history and determined that you would be a suitable candidate for a mortgage." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Nonmetal Definition: One of the elements which do not exhibit metallic properties, generally located in the upper righthand corner of the Periodic Table. Example: oxygen, nitrogen. Return to the Chemistry Glossary Index. By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. ", "General Chemistry Dictionary. (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anions. About 20% of the known chemical elements are nonmetals. Define: (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anion", "Medical Definition of NONMETAL. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal and that is able to form anions, acidic oxides, acids, and stable compounds with hydrogen. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal. See nonmetal defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "189 pages on this wiki. Nonmetal is a term used in chemistry when classifying the chemical elements. On the basis of their general physical and chemical properties, every element in the periodic table can be termed either a metal or a nonmetal. (A few elements with intermediate properties are referred to as metalloids .). The elements generally regarded as nonmetals are: 1 hydrogen (H). 2 In Group 14: carbon (C).", "Non-metals are the elements in groups 14-16 of the periodic table. Non-metals are not able to conduct electricity or heat very well. As opposed to metals, non-metallic elements are very brittle, and cannot be rolled into wires or pounded into sheets. ", "Only 17 elements on the periodic table are nonmetal elements, yet they make up most of the matter in the Universe, and most of us living things! Many sources define nonmetal elements as elements that are not metals and lack qualities of metals. What that means is that nonmetal elements are elements with relatively low boiling points, that are poor conductors of heat and electricity and that do not readily give up their electrons. ", "Noun. 1. nonmetal-a chemical element lacking typical metallic properties. chemical element, element-any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter.", "Definition of NONMETAL. : a chemical element (as boron, carbon, or nitrogen) that lacks the characteristics of a metal. See nonmetal defined for kids. ADVERTISEMENT.", "LINK / CITE ADD TO WORD LIST. adjective. The definition of nonmetal is an element that doesn’t have the characteristics of metal including: ability to conduct heat or electricity, luster, or flexibility. An example of a nonmetal element is carbon. nonmetal. any of those elements lacking the characteristics of a metal; specif., any of the electronegative elements (e.g., oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur) whose oxides form acids and stable compounds with hydrogen." ], "url": [ "http://chemistry.about.com/od/chemistryglossary/a/nonmetaldef.htm", "http://www.science-dictionary.org/nonmetal", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonmetal", "http://chemistry.wikia.com/wiki/Nonmetal", "http://www.chemicalelements.com/groups/nonmetals.html", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/nonmetal-elements-on-the-periodic-table-definition-properties-reactions.html", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/nonmetal", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/nonmetal", "http://www.yourdictionary.com/nonmetal" ] }

[ "General Chemistry Dictionary. (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anions. About 20% of the known chemical elements are nonmetals. Define: (metal,metalloid) A nonmetal is a substance that conducts heat and electricity poorly, is brittle or waxy or gaseous, and cannot be hammered into sheets or drawn into wire. Nonmetals gain electrons easily to form anion" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Publisert 13. aug. 2012. I demonstrate a diagnostic algorithm for workup of a defective solenoid as a cause of failure to water a sprinkler zone in a home irrigation system. This algorithm would be a reasonable approach if you have a single zone of sprinklers that delivers inadequate water. ", "1. Pop the cover off the sprinkler system controller and make sure the wires -- from the valve for the zone that is not working -- are firmly attached to the terminals. If the terminals are firmly attached, check the voltage to the zone with a multimeter. 2. If the terminals are firmly attached, check the voltage to the zone with a multimeter. Set the multimeter to “voltage” and turn on the zone with the controller. Touch one of the leads to the common terminal -- marked with “c” or “com” -- and touch the other lead to the terminal for the zone that is not working.", "A. If it rained at your house every three days -- the same exact amount each time -- you probably would not need a sprinkler system. But nature doesn't work that way, and the only way to ensure healthy, lush yard is to make certain that your lawn and plants receive a regularly timed and evenly measured amount of water. ", "Installing a sprinkler or irrigation system for your lawn &/or garden is perhaps one of the few home improvement projects that actually makes your life much easier. Hand watering gardens, flower beds, or lawns-moving a lawn sprinkler attached to the hose every 20 minutes-is not most homeowners' idea of fun. We'll start with the controller. This is an electronic, computerized unit that is the brains behind the sprinkler system. The controller utilizes a timer that tells your system which set of sprinkler heads need to turn on when, and for how long. It is connected to a set of valves that regulate the flow of water into a specific zone in your sprinkler system", "Sprinkler systems have valve controls for an area, or zone. Sprinkler valves have an electrical solenoid on top that receives a signal from the controller as to the time and duration of an irrigation schedule. Systems require annual maintenance before the first use to flush any debris or sand in the water pipes. 9. Mark each valve with a white paint marker to indicate a zone number that it operates. For future use, make a diagram of your sprinkler system on paper, showing the location of each valve box, each valve and the area it irrigates.", "5. Observe the sprinkler zones as the water enters the pipes. The sprinkler zone that this open valve controls will have water flowing out of the riser at the end of the zone without a sprinkler head. Allow the water to flow for about five minutes to flush the system. 9. Mark each valve with a white paint marker to indicate a zone number that it operates. For future use, make a diagram of your sprinkler system on paper, showing the location of each valve box, each valve and the area it irrigates.", "If your electric irrigation system valve is leaking, not opening, or not closing as it should, this tutorial will tell you step-by-step how to repair it. How to repair a sprinkler or drip irrigation system solenoid valve. ", "Check the valves. Check the valves on the backflow device to make sure they're open. Turn the valve on the horizontal pipe first, then the vertical pipe valve. Low water pressure will result in the sprinkler heads barely shooting water. In extreme cases, many of the heads won't even pop up. Start with the easiest solution. Make sure the valves at the backflow device are fully open.", "In this video a sprinkler system has a station that is not watering. The first troubleshooting step is to isolate where the problem is. This video shows how to test the power to the valve and determine if the valve is faulty or if the problem is something else. 1 Howto & Style. 2 Standard YouTube License. " ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=INfhv-b2rEw", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/fix-one-zone-lawn-sprinkler-system-isnt-working-94411.html", "http://www.rainbird.com/homeowner/education/faq.htm", "http://www.thelogconnection.com/news-article.html?SprinklerSystems", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/determine-sprinkler-valve-controls-zone-74713.html", "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/determine-sprinkler-valve-controls-zone-74713.html", "http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/", "http://www.familyhandyman.com/landscaping/fixing-sprinkler-systems/view-all", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wfR_oygPu8s" ] }

[ "Installing a sprinkler or irrigation system for your lawn &/or garden is perhaps one of the few home improvement projects that actually makes your life much easier. Hand watering gardens, flower beds, or lawns-moving a lawn sprinkler attached to the hose every 20 minutes-is not most homeowners' idea of fun. We'll start with the controller. This is an electronic, computerized unit that is the brains behind the sprinkler system. The controller utilizes a timer that tells your system which set of sprinkler heads need to turn on when, and for how long. It is connected to a set of valves that regulate the flow of water into a specific zone in your sprinkler system" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "John Tyler, the first vice president to finish the term of a president who had died in office, established a pattern in 1841 that would be followed for more than a century. The Constitution was not entirely clear about what would happen if a president died. His illness developed into pneumonia, and died on April 4, 1841, a month after taking office. Vice president John Tyler, at home in Virginia and unaware of the seriousness of the president's illness, was informed that the president had died.", "Becoming President: John Tyler was the Vice President under William Henry Harrison in the election of 1840. He was chosen to balance the ticket since he was from the South. He took over upon Harrison's quick demise after only one month in office.", "President Tyler was never elected President. In his attempt to get elected to a second term he had a biography written titled: Life of John Tyler. He then pressured post master he had appointed to buy and distribute copies of the booklet. John Tyler didn't have a Vice President (a first). He had been William Henry Harrison's VP, and the position was not filled when Tyler assumed the presidency. He was the first Vice President to replace a President due to death. John Tyler was the first President whose wife died while he was holding the office of the President. Tyler was the first president to marry while in office. No U.S. president had more children.", "John Tyler was the Vice President under President William Henry Harrison from March 4, 1841 to April 4, 1841. President William Henry Harrison died 32 days into his term, and John Tyler Succeeded Harrison to become the The 10th President of the United States. President Tyler finished the term without a Vice President from April 4, 1841 March 4, 1845. John Tyler became the 10th President of the United States whe … n Harrison died 32 days into his term. John Tyler was in office from April 4, 1841 to March 4, 1845, and did not have a Vice President.", "John Tyler was the tenth United States President (1841-45). He was the first President born after the Constitution was adopted. He was a maverick Democrat who refused to truly give allegiance to any political party. He was the Vice President of William Henry Harrison and became President upon Harrison's death. This was the first time that the Succession Amendment had to be used. John Tyler was born on March 29, l790, in Charles County, Virginia.", "Synopsis. John Tyler was born on March 29, 1790, in Charles City County, Virginia. Like his father, Tyler served as governor of Virginia. Representing the Whig Party, he was the first vice president to become president due the death of his predecessor (President William Henry Harrison). Tyler was sworn in as the 10th president of the United States in 1841. He died after suffering a stroke on January 18, 1862, in Richmond, Virginia. In 1840, the Whig Party nominated Tyler as vice president to presidential candidate William Henry Harrison. Promoting themselves as Tippecanoe and Tyler Too (Harrison fought in the Battle of Tippercanoe), Harrison and Tyler won the election, and were inaugurated in March 1841.", "He was a lawyer in Virginia. John Tyler was the Vice President under President William Henry Harrison from March 4, 1841 to April 4, 1841 before he succeded Harrison after his … death, to become the 10th President of the United States. John Tyler became the 10th President of the United States whe … n Harrison died 32 days into his term. John Tyler was in office from April 4, 1841 to March 4, 1845, and did not have a Vice President.", "John Tyler. John Tyler became the tenth President of the United States (1841-1845) when President William Henry Harrison died in April 1841. He was the first Vice President to succeed to the Presidency after the death of his predecessor. Dubbed His Accidency by his detractors, John Tyler was the first Vice President to be elevated to the office of President by the death of his predecessor. Born in Virginia in 1790, he was raised believing that the Constitution must be strictly construed. He never wavered from this conviction", "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845). He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate 's death in April 1841. " ], "url": [ "http://history1800s.about.com/od/leaders/a/johntyler01.htm", "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/johntyler/p/ptyler.htm", "http://www.classroomhelp.com/lessons/Presidents/tyler.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_John_Tyler's_Vice_President", "http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/History/presidents/Presidents_10_Tyler.htm", "http://www.biography.com/people/john-tyler-9512796", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Who_was_John_Tyler's_Vice_President", "https://www.whitehouse.gov/1600/presidents/johntyler", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Tyler" ] }

[ "John Tyler (March 29, 1790 – January 18, 1862) was the tenth President of the United States (1841–1845). He was elected vice president on the 1840 Whig ticket with William Henry Harrison, and became president after his running mate 's death in April 1841. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bruce Lee (Chinese: 李小龍; born Lee Jun-fan, Chinese: 李振藩; November 27, 1940 – July 20, 1973) was a Hong Kong American martial artist, Hong Kong action film actor, martial arts instructor, philosopher, filmmaker, and the founder of Jeet Kune Do. Lee was the son of Cantonese opera star Lee Hoi-Chuen.", "Bruce Lee was born on November 27, 1940, in San Francisco, California. He was a child actor in Hong Kong who later returned to the U.S. and taught martial arts. He starred in the TV series The Green Hornet (1966-67) and became a major box office draw in The Chinese Connection and Fists of Fury.", "The biography and story of Bruce Lee began on November 27, 1940 in San Francisco, California. He was born Lee Jun Fan, the fourth child of a Chinese father named Lee Hoi-Chuen and a mother of Chinese and German ancestry named Grace.", "Bruce Lee was born in San Francisco on November 27, 1940 in the year of the Dragon while his father was on tour with the Chinese Opera. Lee was raised, however, in Hong Kong where he began his first formal training in martial arts with Wing Chung Master, Yip Man when he was 13.", "Iconic actor, director and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee was born Lee Jun Fan on November 27, 1940, in San Francisco, California, in both the hour and year of the Dragon.", "A+E Networks. On this day in 1940, the actor and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee is born in San Francisco, California. In his all-too-brief career, Lee became a film star in Asia, and a pop-culture icon, posthumously, in America. Lee was born while his father, a Chinese opera star, was on tour", "On this day in 1940, the actor and martial-arts expert Bruce Lee is born in San Francisco, California. In his all-too-brief career, Lee became a film star in Asia, and a pop-culture icon, posthumously, in America. Lee was born while his father, a Chinese opera star, was on tour", "Bruce Lee was born in the hour of the dragon, between 6-8 a.m., in the Year of the Dragon according to the Chinese zodiac calendar, November 27, 1940 at the Chinese Hospital in San Francisco s Chinatown in the United States. Bruce Lee birthplace was San Francisco, California although he was raised in Hong Kong." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Lee", "http://www.biography.com/people/bruce-lee-9542095", "http://martialarts.about.com/od/martialartsculture/p/brucelee.htm", "http://www.brucelee.com/legacy", "http://www.biography.com/people/bruce-lee-9542095", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bruce-lee-born", "http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bruce-lee-born", "http://maniacworld.com/Bruce_Lee.htm" ] }

[ "Bruce Lee was born in San Francisco on November 27, 1940 in the year of the Dragon while his father was on tour with the Chinese Opera. Lee was raised, however, in Hong Kong where he began his first formal training in martial arts with Wing Chung Master, Yip Man when he was 13." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, in force for only eight months, was a separate peace agreement between the Central Powers and Russia. It was designed to end the latter's participation in World War I without the consent of the Allied Powers. ", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was the peace agreement that formally ended Russia’s involvement in World War I, signed in the Polish city of the same name on March 3rd 1918. The path to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a bumpy one, filled with demands, delays and divided opinions. 1. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was an agreement between Russia and Germany that ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. Negotiations for this treaty began in the Polish town of Brest-Litovsk in December 1917. 2.", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk brought about the end of the war between Russia and Germany in 1918. ", "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. ", "On March 3, 1918, in the city of Brest-Litovsk, located in modern-day Belarus near the Polish border, Russia signed a treaty with the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria) ending its participation in World War I (1914-18). Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: March 3, 1918. An armistice was reached in early December 1917 and a formal cease-fire was declared December 15, but determining the terms of peace between Russia and the Central Powers proved to be far more complicated.", "The Treaty of Brest Litovsk. The signing of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk on March 3, 1918 officially ended Russia’s involvement in World War I. The treaty was signed in time for the Germans to devote all of their resources to a spring offensive on the Western Front. ", "The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's … exit from World War I. 15 people found this useful. ", "Template:Infobox Treaty. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia (the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey), which ended Russia's participation in World War I. Borders drawn up in Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on 3 March 1918. The signatories were Bolshevik Russia on the one side and the German Empire, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Turkey on the other.", "(November 2007). The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Soviet Russia and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and Ottoman Empire), that ended Russia's participation in World War I. The treaty was signed at Brest-Litovsk (Polish: Brześć Litewski; since 1945 Brest, Belarus), after two months of negotiations. The treaty was forced on the Bolshevik government by the threat of further advances by German and Austrian forces." ], "url": [ "http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1341.html", "http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/", "http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/modern-world-history-1918-to-1980/russia-1900-to-1939/treaty-of-brest-litovsk/", "https://quizlet.com/308628/world-history-final-vocab-flash-cards/", "http://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/treaties-of-brest-litovsk", "http://russiasgreatwar.org/media/international/brest.shtml", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_was_the_impact_of_the_treaty_of_brest-litovsk_on_russia", "http://military.wikia.com/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" ] }

[ "Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty signed on March 3, 1918, at Brest-Litovsk (now Brest, Belarus) between the Russian SFSR and the Central Powers, marking Russia's exit from World War I. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Oral glucosamine is a dietary supplement and is not a pharmaceutical drug. It is illegal in the US to market any dietary supplement as a treatment for any disease or condition. Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a likely effective rating for treating osteoarthritis.", "Glucosamine is usually made from seashells, or it can be made in the laboratory. Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of several forms of glucosamine. Glucosamine hydrochloride is used for osteoarthritis, knee pain, back pain, and glaucoma. However, no one knows yet whether it is effective for any of these conditions. There have been some preliminary studies, but more research is needed. ", "Glucosamine hydrochloride is POSSIBLY SAFE for most adults when used short-term.when taken by mouth for up to 2 years. The safety of long-term use is unknown. Glucosamine hydrochloride can cause gas, bloating, and cramps. Some glucosamine products do not contain the labeled amount of glucosamine or contain excessive amounts of manganese. Ask your healthcare provider about reliable brands.", "Glucosamine is available in oral supplements as glucosamine sulfate, glucosamine hydrochloride, and n-acetyl glucosamine. These products may come in tablet, capsule, and powder forms. It is often combined with chondroitin and sometimes manganese as well. Manganese is a trace mineral necessary for normal bone health. ", "To treat high cholesterol, 1,500 milligrams of glucosamine, 1,527 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate (equivalent to 1,200 milligrams glucosamine), or 750 milligrams glucosamine hydrochloride (equal to 625 milligrams glucosamine) has been taken by mouth daily for up to 14 weeks. To treat knee osteoarthritis, 300-500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate or 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for up to 12 weeks. To treat low back pain, 1500 milligrams of glucosamine has been taken by mouth daily for six months.", "Glucosamine is one of the most abundant monosaccharides. It is produced commercially by the hydrolysis of crustacean exoskeletons or, less commonly, by fermentation of a grain such as corn or wheat. Glucosamine appears to be safe for use as a dietary supplement; effectiveness has not been established for any condition. In the US it is one of the most common non-vitamin, non-mineral, dietary supplements used by adults. Glucosamine is often sold in combination with other supplements such as chondroitin sulfate and methylsulfonylmethane. Of the three commonly available forms of glucosamine, only glucosamine sulfate is given a likely effective rating for treating osteoarthritis.", "Glucosamine is usually made from seashells, or it can be made in the laboratory. Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of several forms of glucosamine. Glucosamine hydrochloride is used for osteoarthritis, knee pain, back pain, and glaucoma. However, no one knows yet whether it is effective for any of these conditions. The safety of long-term use is unknown. Glucosamine hydrochloride can cause gas, bloating, and cramps. Some glucosamine products do not contain the labeled amount of glucosamine or contain excessive amounts of manganese. Ask your healthcare provider about reliable brands.", "Glucosamine hydrochloride is one of the three different forms of glucosamine (the others are glucosamine sulfate and N-acetyl glucosamine). It is derived from the shells of lobsters, shrimp, and crabs. Glucosamine hydrochloride is often used in combination with chondroitin, another dietary supplement.", "To treat bone diseases (Kashin-Beck disease), 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for six months, as well as 750 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride by mouth twice daily for six weeks. To treat knee osteoarthritis, 300-500 milligrams of glucosamine sulfate or 480 milligrams of glucosamine hydrochloride has been taken by mouth three times daily for up to 12 weeks. To treat low back pain, 1500 milligrams of glucosamine has been taken by mouth daily for six months.", "Glucosamine in the body is used to make a cushion that surrounds the joints. In osteoarthritis, this cushion becomes thinner and stiff. Taking glucosamine hydrochloride as a supplement might help to supply the materials needed to rebuild the cushion. Glucosamine hydrochloride seems to be safe for most adults. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine", "http://answers.webmd.com/answers/1187037/what-is-glucosamine-hydrochloride", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-747-GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE.aspx?activeIngredientId=747&activeIngredientName=GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE", "http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/glucosamine", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glucosamine/dosing/HRB-20059572", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucosamine", "http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-747-GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE.aspx?activeIngredientId=747&activeIngredientName=GLUCOSAMINE%20HYDROCHLORIDE", "http://pain.emedtv.com/glucosamine-hydrochloride/glucosamine-hydrochloride.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/glucosamine/dosing/HRB-20059572", "http://www.medicinenet.com/glucosamine_hydrochloride-page2/supplements-vitamins.htm" ] }

[ "Glucosamine in the body is used to make a cushion that surrounds the joints. In osteoarthritis, this cushion becomes thinner and stiff. Taking glucosamine hydrochloride as a supplement might help to supply the materials needed to rebuild the cushion. Glucosamine hydrochloride seems to be safe for most adults. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The vegan diet is at an all-time high in popularity. With celebrities, ex-presidents and even Mickey Mouse getting his vegan fix on, the sales of faux meat-like substances are skyrocketing. 2008 saw more than $4 billion in soy product sales, often the main ingredient in mock meats. ", "Some vegetarians avoid mock meat and cheese recipes, while others swear by them. If you’re in the latter category, or if you’re just interested in trying some vegetarian and vegan versions of typical dishes, take a look at these mock meat and dairy recipes. Although time-consuming, this is an easy and very delicious recipe for mock beef bourguignon made with either seitan or tempeh. “Beef” Stew. A rich, thick stew made with seitan and lots of good veggies. It’s especially tasty served with hot French bread on a cold night.", "Email. Like real meat, the fake stuff is available either finished or raw. Finished products include everything from frozen burger patties striped with faux grill marks to fake bologna slices and breaded not-chicken nuggets made from wheat, soy or Quorn, a patented fungus derivative otherwise known as mycoprotein. Other faux meat products are made from wheat gluten, which goes through a similar denaturing process. Wheat has less protein than soy, but its stretchy texture is more easily transformed into the chewiness of meat. Many products are formed from a combo of wheat and soy.", "Meat analogue may also refer to a meat-based and/or less-expensive alternative to a particular meat product, such as surimi. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Yuba and textured vegetable protein (TVP) are other soy-based meat analogues. The first is made by layering the thin skin which forms on top of boiled soy milk. the second is a dry bulk commodity derived from soy and soy protein concentrate. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "A meat analogue, also called a meat alternative, meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or (where applicable) vegetarian meat or vegan meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) and/or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Some vegetarian meat analogues are based on centuries-old recipes for seitan (wheat gluten), rice, mushrooms, legumes, tempeh, yam flour or pressed-tofu, with flavoring added to make the finished product taste like chicken, beef, lamb, ham, sausage, seafood, etc. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster.", "Wheat gluten, also called seitan (Japanese: セイタン), wheat meat, gluten meat, or simply gluten, is a food made from gluten, the main protein of wheat. Seitan, a neologism of Japanese origin, is a food made from wheat gluten in the macrobiotic system of cooking and health, as formulated by the Japanese-born philosopher George Ohsawa (1893–1966).", "Vegetarian meats (also called meat substitutes or mock meats) come in just about every type imaginable-from the common everyday veggie burger to the exotic haggis and jumbo shrimp. Some vegetarians and vegans choose not to eat vegetarian meats for a number of reasons. Up to you. Homemade mock meats: Seitan. If you want to experiment making your own vegetarian mock meat substitutes at home, seitan is the place to start. It can be baked or simmered, and you can add just about any spices you like. Link: How to make seitan." ], "url": [ "http://www.organicauthority.com/foodie-buzz/vegan-fake-meat-should-you-or-shouldnt-you.html", "https://www.theveggietable.com/blog/more/ingredients/mock-meat-recipes/", "http://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53452/how-fake-meat-is-made/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meat_analogue", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_gluten_(food)", "http://vegetarian.about.com/od/shoppingproducts/tp/Top-Ten-Vegetarian-Meats.htm" ] }

[ "A meat analogue, also called a meat alternative, meat substitute, mock meat, faux meat, imitation meat, or (where applicable) vegetarian meat or vegan meat, approximates certain aesthetic qualities (primarily texture, flavor and appearance) and/or chemical characteristics of specific types of meat. Surimi, a processed hash of fish plus flavorings, is used to make products such as imitation crab meat. In some regions, surimi refers only to products made from fish. Examples of surimi include: 1 Surimi from fish, such as imitation crab, imitation shrimp, or imitation lobster." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "periodontal ligament (PDL), the fibrous tissue that surrounds a tooth and attaches the tooth to the alveolus. It is composed of many bundles of collagenous tissue arranged in groups, between which lies loose connective tissue interwoven with blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves. Also called periodontium. periodontal ligament. n. The connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth and attaching it to its bony socket. Also called alveolodental ligament, periodontal membrane.", "Periodontal ligament: Functions. The periodontal ligament is a specialised fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the root area of the tooth. It consists mainly of collagenous fibres. It has the following functions : Its cells form, maintain and repair the alveolar bone and cementum. ■ Sensors in the periodontal ligament provide proprioceptive input, detecting pressures on the tooth. ■ The periodontal ligament has a rich supply of blood, which provides nutrients to the cementoblasts.", "Definition of PERIODONTAL MEMBRANE. : the fibrous connective-tissue layer covering the cementum of a tooth and holding it in place in the jawbone. ADVERTISEMENT. noun. : periodontal ligament. Britannica.com: Encyclopedia article about periodontal membrane. ", "The periodontal ligament serves primarily a supportive function by attaching the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone proper. This function is mediated primarily by the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament that form a strong fibrous union between the root cementum and the bone. The periodontal ligament also serves as a shock-absorber by mechanisms that provide resistance to light as well as heavy forces. Finally, the periodontal ligament provides a nutritive function that maintains the vitality of its various cells. The ligament is well-vascularized, with the major blood supply originating from the dental arteries that enter the ligament through the fundus of the alveoli.", "periodontal ligament the connective tissue structure that surrounds the roots of the teeth and holds them in place in the dental alveoli. Petit's ligament uterosacral ligament. phrenicocolic ligament costocolic fold. Poupart's ligament inguinal ligament. periodontal ligament. n. The connective tissue surrounding the root of a tooth and attaching it to its bony socket. Also called alveolodental ligament, periodontal membrane.", "The periodontal ligament, commonly abbreviated as the PDL, is a group of specialized connective tissue fibers that essentially attach a tooth to the alveolar bone within which it sits. ", "Periodontal surgery is a plastic (reshaping) surgical procedure designed to restore and regenerate normal form and function to lost and damaged periodontal structures which support the teeth (the gum tissue, periodontal ligament and bone). ", "Loading. 1. Helper function is the main function of the periodontal ligament, to secure the tooth, his bony socket and isolate the tooth from the wall socket, so the root does not conflict with the bone during chewing. 2-17). In the complex therapy) function in response to strong pressure, the cells of the periodontal ligament (osteoclasts) can cause rapid resorption of bone tissue and, sometimes, resorption of cement. D. principal fiber groups Periodontal ligament." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periodontal+ligament", "http://www.neuronarc.com/periodontal-ligament-functions.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/periodontal%20membrane", "http://dental.pitt.edu/periodontal-ligament-functions", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/periodontal+ligament", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodontal_fiber", "http://www.deardoctor.com/articles/periodontal-surgery/", "http://www.dent-wiki.com/foundations_of_periodontics/functions-of-the-periodontal-ligament/" ] }

[ "The periodontal ligament serves primarily a supportive function by attaching the tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone proper. This function is mediated primarily by the principal fibers of the periodontal ligament that form a strong fibrous union between the root cementum and the bone. The periodontal ligament also serves as a shock-absorber by mechanisms that provide resistance to light as well as heavy forces. Finally, the periodontal ligament provides a nutritive function that maintains the vitality of its various cells. The ligament is well-vascularized, with the major blood supply originating from the dental arteries that enter the ligament through the fundus of the alveoli." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "myths poison ivy rash is contagious the blisters and rash produced by the urushiol do not spread nor are they contagious to others you can however spread the rash if the urushiol has been left on your hands or clothes and they come in contact with other parts of your body or someone else poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "myths poison ivy rash is contagious you can catch poison ivy by being near the plants leaves of three let them be dead poison ivy plants will not cause an allergic reaction breaking the blisters on your skin releases the urushiol and causes the rash to spread poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "a poison ivy rash will usually begin to appear 1 to 2 days after coming in contact with poison ivy the affected area will get red and swollen a day or so later small blisters will begin to form and the rash will become very itchy during this time it s important to try to keep from scratching the blisters ", "a a a poison ivy poison oak and poison sumac are all plants that can cause a temporary irritating rash when they come in contact with your skin this rash is a form of allergic contact dermatitis dermatitis simply means an irritation of the skin ", "causes when people come in contact with poison ivy poison oak or poison sumac they often develop an allergic reaction that causes a rash at the site of exposure the leaves of the plant secrete a resin called urushiol u roo she ol that provokes a delayed allergic reaction one day or more after exposure to the skin poison ivy is a common weed like plant found in many parts of the country most commonly in the central and eastern u s it is an invasive bush with vines that can climb in and around neighboring plants", "poison ivy is a plant well known for causing severe inflammation of the skin also known as contact dermatitis the plant contains a sap which causes instant irritation if it comes in contact with the skin wash your skin if you ve come in contact with poison ivy immediately rinse your skin with water use soap and then rinse thoroughly use a skin cream containing bentoquatam before going outdoors to an area with poison ivy you can always apply an over the counter barrier", "causes of poison ivy oak and sumac rash the rash caused by poison ivy oak and sumac is an allergic skin reaction to an oil called urushiol that is inside the plant this oil is found in all parts of the plant including the leaves stems roots and berries exposure to the oil occurs through any of the following ", "poison ivy rash poison ivy rash is caused by an allergic reaction to an oily resin called urushiol u roo she ol this oil is in the leaves stems and roots of poison ivy poison oak and poison sumac ", "scratching poison ivy blisters will not spread the rash in addition the poison ivy rash is not contagious only urushiol oil found in the sap of poison ivy can cause a reaction these plants can cause an allergic reaction in nearly 85 percent of the population poison ivy poison oak cannot be spread from person to person by touching the blisters or from the fluid inside the blisters it can be spread however if the oils remain on the skin clothes or shoes this is why washing your hands clothes and shoes as soon as possible is very important", "poison ivy sap is found in nearly every part of the plant including the leaves stems and roots the sap contains an oil called urushiol if any of this extremely sticky oil comes in contact with the skin it can cause a blistering skin rash wash your skin if you ve come in contact with poison ivy immediately rinse your skin with water use soap and then rinse thoroughly use a skin cream containing bentoquatam before going outdoors to an area with poison ivy you can always apply an over the counter barrier" ], "url": [ "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/symptoms.html", "http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/guide/understanding-poison-ivy-oak-sumac-basics", "http://www.tricalm.com/uses/poison-ivy-oak-sumac/", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265375.php", "http://www.emedicinehealth.com/allergy_poison_ivy_oak_and_sumac/article_em.htm", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/poison-ivy/basics/definition/CON-20025866", "http://dermatology.columbia.edu/conditions/poison.html", "http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/265375.php" ] }

[ "poison ivy is a plant well known for causing severe inflammation of the skin also known as contact dermatitis the plant contains a sap which causes instant irritation if it comes in contact with the skin wash your skin if you ve come in contact with poison ivy immediately rinse your skin with water use soap and then rinse thoroughly use a skin cream containing bentoquatam before going outdoors to an area with poison ivy you can always apply an over the counter barrier" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Iowa's overtime minimum wage is $10.88 per hour, one and a half times the regular Iowa minimum wage of $7.25. If you earn more then the Iowa minimum wage rate, you are entitled to at least 1.5 times your regular hourly wage for all overtime worked.", "OVERTIME PAY, SALARY AND COMP TIME An employer must pay its employees at least the minimum wage for all hours worked, and time and one-half overtime pay based on an employee's regular rate of pay for all hours worked in excess of 40 in a workweek unless the employee is exempt for some reason. Currently the minimum wage in North Carolina is $7.25 an hour.", "You are entitled to pay at time and one half your regular rate of pay if you worked over 40 hours in a workweek. You will need to ask your employer for their definition of a workweek. For more information, visit the Minimum Wage/Overtime Law page. (820 ILCS 105/4a (1)) (56 Ill.", "$8.00 per hour, with an automatic increase should the federal minimum wage rise. Overtime is required for time worked in excess of 40 hours in a week. The Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation website may have additional specific information on wage laws in the state.", "Minimum Wage and Overtime. An employer has to pay overtime (one and one-half times the regular rate of pay) to non-exempt employees for all hours actually worked in excess of 40 hours in a workweek.", "California. California requires a minimum wage of $9.00 per hour. Overtime pay of time-and-a-half is required for hours worked over 8 in a day, 40 in a week, and for the first 8 hours of the seventh day worked in a week.", "$8.23 and varies annually based on a cost of living formula. The state's minimum wage applies to the food and beverage, medical, retail and service industries. Overtime pay is required for hours worked over 40 in a week, over 12 hours in a given day, or over 12 consecutive hours." ], "url": [ "http://www.minimum-wage.org/overtime/iowa", "http://www.nclabor.com/wh/fact%20sheets/overtimepay.htm", "http://www.illinois.gov/idol/FAQs/Pages/minimum-wage-overtime-faq.aspx", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html", "http://www.labor.ar.gov/divisions/Pages/minWageOvertime.aspx", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html", "http://employment.findlaw.com/wages-and-benefits/state-minimum-wage-laws.html" ] }

[ "Iowa's overtime minimum wage is $10.88 per hour, one and a half times the regular Iowa minimum wage of $7.25. If you earn more then the Iowa minimum wage rate, you are entitled to at least 1.5 times your regular hourly wage for all overtime worked." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Bachelor’s Degree. In 2010, the starting salary for someone with a bachelor’s of science in criminology was just over $33,000 a year, found a study by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. A family sociologist, for example, isn’t paid the same scale as a criminologist. The same can be said for a criminologist with a bachelor’s degree versus one with a master’s degree.", "The fact is, criminology is a large field with opportunities for everyone. It might not be the best source of six figure jobs, but it has a few. Here are the highest paying jobs you can get with a criminal justice degree. It may be one of the most high paying jobs available from a criminal justice degree, but it isn’t a fast process. You need law enforcement experience, criminal justice experience and the ability to pass the strict background checks and physical exams.", "Graduates make average starting salaries of $52,200 and mid-career salaries of $101,850. Some related majors also come up highly on the best paid list, including Math with an average starting salary of $47,000. 5. 1. Petroleum Engineering : $89,000. All engineering degrees rank well as having high starting salaries, but the highest of all is Petroleum Engineering, with an average starting pay of $89,000 and mid-career salary of $159,900. This is a fairly specialized and difficult subject, with only about 1,000 students a year graduating with this degree", "Following law school they must then pass the Bar exam. All in all, to become a lawyer requires a lot of hard work, dedication, and ambition. The Pay: $119,270. With a median pay of just under $120,000 a year, Judges came in second on our list of highest paying criminal justice careers. The following are the highest paying jobs in the fields of criminal justice and criminology. When evaluationg the salary figures below, remember that there are various factors that influence salary, even within the same discipline. One of the largest factors influencing salary is location.", "The BLS reports that other psychologists, including forensic psychologists, have a median salary of $84,000, with the top echelon earning over $117,000 a year. According to a 210 respondent survey published by PayScale.com, forensic psychologists on average earn from $45,000 to $84,000 a year. The following are the highest paying jobs in the fields of criminal justice and criminology. When evaluationg the salary figures below, remember that there are various factors that influence salary, even within the same discipline. One of the largest factors influencing salary is location.", "To give you an idea of your possible average starting salary, North Carolina State University shows that the average salary for a criminologist holding a bachelor’s degree – typically an entry-level requirement – is $33,160 a year. However, what you earn may differ from this. ", "Because of this variation, any estimates of criminology salaries are going to be extremely broad. Payscale.com gives an estimate of $30,385-$60,565, but most of this scale corresponds to candidates with a bachelor’s degree. Those who pursue a master’s degree in criminology can expect positions with a salary at the higher end of the estimate, or even higher.", "The Pay: up to $163,000. Lawyers are the prime example of criminal justice careers with a high salary. They span all levels of the justice system, from the smallest of small claims courts to the largest of national trials. It may be one of the most high paying jobs available from a criminal justice degree, but it isn’t a fast process. You need law enforcement experience, criminal justice experience and the ability to pass the strict background checks and physical exams.", "With a master’s degree, earnings are much higher, and you’re more likely to land a higher-level position with a graduate degree than you would with a bachelor’s. As of 2012, the average starting salary for a criminologist with a master’s degree was $55,000 a year -- $23,000 more than those with a four-year degree. A family sociologist, for example, isn’t paid the same scale as a criminologist. The same can be said for a criminologist with a bachelor’s degree versus one with a master’s degree." ], "url": [ "http://work.chron.com/much-criminologists-paid-masters-degree-15408.html", "http://www.criminaljusticedegreehub.com/high-paying-criminal-justice-jobs/", "http://college.usatoday.com/2014/07/30/top-10-highest-paying-college-majors/", "http://www.careerprofiles.info/highest-paying-criminal-justice-jobs.html", "http://www.careerprofiles.info/highest-paying-criminal-justice-jobs.html", "http://www.criminaljusticeusa.com/criminologist/", "http://criminologycareerstoday.com/criminologist-salary-how-much-does-criminology-pay/", "http://www.criminaljusticedegreehub.com/high-paying-criminal-justice-jobs/", "http://work.chron.com/much-criminologists-paid-masters-degree-15408.html" ] }

[ "Because of this variation, any estimates of criminology salaries are going to be extremely broad. Payscale.com gives an estimate of $30,385-$60,565, but most of this scale corresponds to candidates with a bachelor’s degree. Those who pursue a master’s degree in criminology can expect positions with a salary at the higher end of the estimate, or even higher." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "The Social Security number followed by one of these codes is often referred to as a claim number. Social Security assigns these codes once you apply for benefits. These letter codes may appear on correspondence you receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card. They will never appear on a Social Security card. For example, if the wage earner applying for benefits and your number is 123-45-6789, then your claim number is 123-45-6789 A.", "These letter codes may appear on correspondence you receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card. They will never appear on a Social Security card.For example, if the wage earner applying for benefits and your number is 123-45-6789, then your claim number is 123-45-6789 A.", "Your Medicare card number is your Social Security number with an alpha-numeric code on the end that indicates your status for drawing benefits. For example, an A mean … s you are (or were) the primary wage earner; B means aged wife, 62 or older; B1 means aged husband, 62 or older, and so on.", "This number is their Social Security number followed by a code. Your Medicare number is often referred to as a Medicare claim number. The letter codes at the end of your Medicare claim number may appear on correspondence receive from Social Security or on your Medicare card.", "Your Medicare Number. Your Medicare number may also be called your Medicare claim number or your health insurance claim number. It is comprised of your Social Security number, or the Social Security number of the person through whom you became eligible for Medicare, and a letter or letters at the end.", "President and Senior Agent, Outlook Life, Most of the U.S. The letter M at the end of a Medicare number means that the Medicare patient is enrolled in Part B but is not insured for Medicare Part A. The description for M is Uninsured – Premium Health Insurance Benefits (Part A)." ], "url": [ "http://www.q1medicare.com/q1group/MedicareAdvantagePartD/Blog.php?blog=What-does-the-letter-after-my-Medicare-number-mean-&blog_id=183&frompage=10", "http://ggisinsurance.com/Letters%20after%20Medicare%20Number.pdf", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_does_the_letter_M_mean_in_a_medicare_number", "http://www.ocmedicare.com/medicare-101/what-does-the-letter-at-the-end-of-my-medicare-number-mean/", "http://www.livestrong.com/article/111662-letter-after-medicare-number-mean/", "http://www.insurancelibrary.com/medicare-insurance/what-does-m-mean-at-the-end-of-a-medicare-number" ] }

[ "President and Senior Agent, Outlook Life, Most of the U.S. The letter M at the end of a Medicare number means that the Medicare patient is enrolled in Part B but is not insured for Medicare Part A. The description for M is Uninsured – Premium Health Insurance Benefits (Part A)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "To date, several crops have been genetically modified, a few of which now account for the vast majority of those crops now cultivated in the United States. In the United States, nearly all corn, soybean and cotton crops are now genetically modified. In Canada, nearly all rapeseed (canola) is", "The genetic engineering of plants and animals is looming as one of the greatest and most intractable environmental challenges of the 21st Century. Currently, up to 92% of U.S. corn is genetically engineered (GE), as are 94% of soybeans and 94% of cotton [1] (cottonseed oil is often used in food products).", "4.1 Foodstuffs made of genetically modified crops that are currently available (mainly maize, soybean, and oilseed rape) have been judged safe to eat, and the methods used to test them have been deemed appropriate.", "The introduction of genetically modified plants has raised some concerns that gene transfer could occur in the field between cultivated and wild plants and such concerns also apply to conventional crops. Such transfers have occasionally been reported but are generally not considered a problem. More...", "Center for Food Safety seeks to halt the approval, commercialization and/or release of any new genetically engineered crops until they have been thoroughly tested and found safe for human health and the environment.", "Sugar Beets. 95% of the US crops of sugar beets are genetically modified. If you eat anything containing sugar, there is a strong chance it’s been genetically modified. Juices, breads, salad dressings, pasta sauces, energy drinks and deli meats are just a few places you can find added sugar.", "1 The vast majority of the research on genetically modified (GM) crops suggests that they are safe to eat and that they have the potential to feed millions of people worldwide who currently go hungry.", "Canola. 90% of the canola crops in the US are genetically modified. Otherwise known as rapeseed oil, canola is used in so much of the foods we eat including salad dressings, margarine, fried foods, frozen yogurts, chips, peanut butter, pie crusts, pastries, breads and infant formula, to name a few." ], "url": [ "http://www.godandscience.org/apologetics/genetically_modified_food.html", "http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/about-ge-foods", "http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm", "http://www.greenfacts.org/en/gmo/index.htm", "http://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/issues/311/ge-foods/about-ge-foods", "http://www.chicagonow.com/get-fit-chicago/2014/05/are-genetically-modified-foods-safe/", "http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-truth-about-genetically-modified-food/", "http://www.chicagonow.com/get-fit-chicago/2014/05/are-genetically-modified-foods-safe/" ] }

[ "1 The vast majority of the research on genetically modified (GM) crops suggests that they are safe to eat and that they have the potential to feed millions of people worldwide who currently go hungry." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Ductless systems are generally twice the cost of window systems and about 30 percent more than installing central air with existing ducts, but can be less expensive than adding central air and ductwork. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter", "The Air Conditioning Contractors of America can usually direct an interested consumer to licensed and qualified HVAC professionals in their region or area. For this discussion, we will consider the costs of installing a ductless or split air conditioning system in a 2,000 square foot home. 1 Electrical wiring to code-Electricians assisting in a ductless air conditioner project will charge from $75-$250 per hour for the installation of a 220 volt receptacle. 2 Additionally, it might cost a bit more if the home's electrical panel also needs a 220 volt circuit added to it, which can cost between $300 and $800", "Shopping for a ductless air conditioner: 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter", "Filter Ductless HVAC Systems. Mini-Split Indoor Unit. Ideal for a space that isn’t connected to a central heating or cooling system, the mini-split ductless system provides heating and cooling for a single zone with reliable comfort using one indoor unit, an outdoor unit and a remote control. 1 4MYW6. 2 Zone specific cooling. 3 Quiet Operation. ", "1 Save you money. 2 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 3 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 1 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 2 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 3 Give you more comfort and control", "ENERGY STAR certified ductless heating and cooling systems: 1 Save you money. 2 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 3 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 1 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 2 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 3 Give you more comfort and control", "1 Expect to pay $2,000-$5,000 to install a complete ductless mini-split air conditioning system in a 800-1,000-square foot home, or $5,000-$7,000 for a 2,000-square-foot house. 1 A ductless unit is a split system just like central air, only smaller and more flexible. 2 The compressor sits outdoors and is connected by a pair of refrigerated lines to one or more air handlers inside the house. 3 The hole in the wall for the lines varies, but is usually about 3 inches in diameter" ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html", "http://www.fixr.com/costs/ductless-air-conditioner-installation", "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html", "https://www.trane.com/residential/en/products/heating-and-cooling/ductless-systems.html", "https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/ductless_heating_cooling", "https://www.energystar.gov/products/heating_cooling/ductless_heating_cooling", "http://home.costhelper.com/ductless-air-conditioner.html" ] }

[ "ENERGY STAR certified ductless heating and cooling systems: 1 Save you money. 2 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 3 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 1 Heating and cooling costs the average homeowner about $875 a year-nearly half the home's total energy bill. 2 Replacing your system with an ENERGY STAR certified model could cut your heating and cooling costs by 30%. 3 Give you more comfort and control" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "This Takayama Map provides details, links to more information and pictures of these points of interest. The Go Japan Go Takayama Map now expands to your full browser width, which means you can see much more of the Takayama Map on the screen at one time along with the points of interest in Takayama.", "Takayama was settled as far back as the Jōmon period. Takayama is best known for its inhabitants' expertise in carpentry. It is believed carpenters from Takayama worked on the Imperial Palace in Kyoto and on many of the temples in Kyoto and Nara. The town and its culture, as they exist today, took shape at the end of the 16th century, when the Kanamori clan built Takayama Castle.", "detailed map of Takayama and near places. Welcome to the Takayama google satellite map! This place is situated in Gifu, Chubu, Japan, its geographical coordinates are 36° 8' 0 North, 137° 15' 0 East and its original name (with diacritics) is Takayama. See Takayama photos and images from satellite below, explore the aerial photographs of Takayama in Japan. ", "Sunlight and cold wind make a special food. Yamanomura, where there are seven villages in the Hida mountain area, has an elevation of 1000 meters. The area is 4.5 km by mountain road from the town of Kamioka. It takes two hours to reach from Takayama City by car. The population is about 150 people. ", "You can get to Takayama by train or bus: The nearest airport to get to Takayama is Toyama Airport 56 kilometers N. Within 140 Km from Takayama there are 4 more airports, listed on the Takayama airports map here below, click on the airport icon to see how to get to Takayama. ", "Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of July 2011, the city has an estimated population of 92,369 and a population density of 42 persons per km². The total area is 2,177.67 km². It is believed carpenters from Takayama worked on the Imperial Palace in Kyoto and on many of the temples in Kyoto and Nara. The town and its culture, as they exist today, took shape at the end of the 16th century, when the Kanamori clan built Takayama Castle.", "Hida-Takayama (飛騨高山) [1] , locally just plain Takayama (高山), is a city near the northern Japan Alps of Gifu prefecture, in the Chubu region of Japan. By train [edit]. Hida-Takayama's train station, Takayama, is located on the JR Takayama Line. From Tokyo Station, you can reach Takayama by taking a Tokaido Shinkansen train (Nozomi or Hikari) to Nagoya and then transfer to the Wide View Hida (ワイドビューひだ) Limited Express train for the run to Takayama.", "Takayama. Hida Takayama (or simply Takayama) is located high in the Hida Mountains in Gifu Prefecture. Founded in the 16 century, Takayama borrowed from the cultural centers of Kyoto and Tokyo and developed its own arts and crafts, cuisine, and architecture. Welcome to Hagi Takayama. This Modern Ryokan is located on the hills of Takayama. This ryokan has 2 buildings, each building has 4 story, the Honkan and the Bekkan. In the Honkan guest rooms have a view on the mountain or on the Takayama city.", "Takayama (R) is a city in the mountainous Hida region of Gifu Prefecture. To differentiate it from other places named Takayama, the city is also commonly referred to as Hida-Takayama. Takayama retains a traditional touch like few other Japanese cities, especially in its beautifully preserved old town. The Takayama Festival, held in spring and autumn, is considered one of Japan's best festivals." ], "url": [ "http://www.gojapango.com/travel/takayama_map.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu", "http://www.maplandia.com/japan/chubu/gifu/takayama/", "http://satoyama-experience.com/", "http://www.todoin.net/en/japan/where-is-takayama-japan-32364", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takayama,_Gifu", "http://wikitravel.org/en/Hida-Takayama", "http://japaneseguesthouses.com/ryokan-search-results/?area=Takayama", "http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e5900.html" ] }

[ "Takayama (高山市, Takayama-shi) is a city located in Gifu Prefecture, Japan. As of July 2011, the city has an estimated population of 92,369 and a population density of 42 persons per km². The total area is 2,177.67 km². It is believed carpenters from Takayama worked on the Imperial Palace in Kyoto and on many of the temples in Kyoto and Nara. The town and its culture, as they exist today, took shape at the end of the 16th century, when the Kanamori clan built Takayama Castle." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "I am a sun worshiper. I admit it. I love the feel of the sun on my skin and I love how I feel after being in the sun. I believe that blocking the sun’s rays can be detrimental to your health and use of sunscreen can be harmful. For instance, the SPF 15 blocks 94% of UVB rays, SPF 30 blocks 97% and SPF 45 blocks 98% of the rays. The higher SPF’s after 45 become fractionally better so there is no reason to spend extra money for something that is nominally higher.", "SPF 15 sunscreens filter out about 93% of UVB rays, while SPF 30 sunscreens filter out about 97%, SPF 50 sunscreens about 98%, and SPF 100 about 99%. The higher you go, the smaller the difference becomes. No sunscreen protects you completely. Sunscreen is a product that you put on your skin to protect it from the sun’s UV rays. But it’s important to know that sunscreen is just a filter – it does not block all UV rays. Sunscreen should not be used as a way to prolong your time in the sun.", "Use sunscreen. Sunscreen is a product that you put on your skin to protect it from the sun’s UV rays. But it’s important to know that sunscreen is just a filter – it does not block all UV rays. Sunscreen should not be used as a way to prolong your time in the sun.", "They realized that the skin could be protected by filtering out those wavelengths. This led to the first commercially available sunscreen, produced in 1928 in the United States. It was an emulsion made of PABA benzyl salicylate and benzyl cinnamate. Sunscreens were soon widely available, although not widely used. Sunblock, however, protects the skin by reflecting and scattering the sun’s rays. The best-known example of a sunblock is zinc oxide, the thick white substance that lifeguards apply to their noses. Sunblocks are highly effective, but are typically sticky creams that are impractical for full body use.", "If you're in the sun, your sunscreen is good for a max of two hours, and depending on the sunscreen it might not even last that long, Garner says. The skin literally uses up the active ingredient in the lotion over time, meaning it can't do any more. Turns out, there isn't such a thing as waterproof sunscreen. In fact, a relatively recent iteration of FDA rules no longer even allows the word to be used on sunscreen bottles (along with sweat-proof or sunblock). Instead, based on testing, they can claim to be water resistant for either 40 or 80 minutes.", "Everyone should use a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30. If you have had a skin cancer or precancer, you should use a sunscreen with an even higher SPF. Many of the new sunscreens have SPFs of 45 or higher. You want to reduce damage from the sun. Your skin can be harmed by constant sun exposure, whether or not you see a burn. Remember, sunburn is an immediate reaction, but damage from the sun occurs over a lifetime. If you have had a skin cancer or pre-cancer, you should use an SPF of 30", "Otto Veiel of Linz, Austria, published one of the first reports of a substance being used to protect skin from ultraviolet rays in 1878. He discovered that tannin worked as a kind of sunscreen. However, the staining properties of tannin limited the usefulness of his find. Sunblock, however, protects the skin by reflecting and scattering the sun’s rays. The best-known example of a sunblock is zinc oxide, the thick white substance that lifeguards apply to their noses. Sunblocks are highly effective, but are typically sticky creams that are impractical for full body use.", "Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. Schueller during the same, Period Hamilton sunscreen came to The australian market in, 1932 developed by Chemist. H. A Milton. blake Zinc oxide paste has also been popular for skin protection for thousands of years. Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. schueller", "A person with a sunburn. The first sunscreens were made with PABA, which is no longer used because it may actually increase absorption of the sun's rays. Today, dermatologists recommend that all people apply sunscreen to their face and other exposed skin daily. I'm sure the first sunscreens were kind of a one size fits all deal, but now the sunscreen section in most stores is pretty large! You can choose what sun protection factor you want (I usually choose 30) and some sunscreens are even scented! There are also facial sunscreens available, which I like to use every day." ], "url": [ "http://realfoodforager.com/why-i-stopped-using-sunscreen/", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/sunanduvexposure/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection", "http://www.cancer.org/cancer/cancercauses/sunanduvexposure/skincancerpreventionandearlydetection/skin-cancer-prevention-and-early-detection-u-v-protection", "http://www.randomhistory.com/2009/04/28_sunscreen.html", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/05/sunscreen-mistakes-tips_n_3377817.html", "http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/healthy_living/hic_An_Overview_ofYour_Skin/hic_protecting_yourself_from_sun_damage", "http://www.randomhistory.com/2009/04/28_sunscreen.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunscreen", "http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-the-history-of-sunscreen.htm" ] }

[ "Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. Schueller during the same, Period Hamilton sunscreen came to The australian market in, 1932 developed by Chemist. H. A Milton. blake Zinc oxide paste has also been popular for skin protection for thousands of years. Early synthetic sunscreens were first used in 1928, and the first major commercial product was brought to market in 1936, introduced by the founder of L'Oreal, French chemist Eugene Eugène. schueller" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Afferent Arteriolar Vasoconstriction. Decreases blood flow into the glomerulus, which causes the glomerular-capillary blood pressure to decrease leading to a decrease in the net filtration pressure and a resultant in GFR. Tubular Secretion: Selective transfer from peritubular capillary into tubular lumen to be excreted. Second route for entering the renal tubules from blood. Mostly into Distal convoluted tubule & Collecting duct: Excess H+ (pH balance) & excess K+ (membrane potential) (secreted) removed", "A glomerulus is a network (as a tuft) of capillaries located at the beginning of a nephron in the kidney. It serves as the first stage in the filtering process of the blood carried out by the nephron in its formation of urine. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "The glomerulus is a tuft of small blood vessels called capillaries located within Bowman's capsule within the kidney. Between the capillaries and Bowman's capsule lies mesangium. Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus by a single arteriole called an afferent arteriole and leaves by an efferent arteriole. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "Afferent Arteriole-The blood vessel supplying a nephron. Efferent Arteriole-The blood vessel draining a nephron. Peritubular Capillaries-The network of tiny blood vessels that surrounds the proximal and distal tubules in the kidney. Vasa Recta-The capillary system that serves the loop of Henle. Renal Artery-The blood vessel bringing blood to the kidney. Factors governing the filtration rate at the capillary beds are: (1) total surface area available for filtration (2) filtration membrane permeability (3) net filtration pressure GFR is directly proportional to net filtration pressure because the capillaries are exceptionally permeable and have a huge surface area.", "20% of the blood gets filtered in the Nephrons glomerular capillaries and the Bowman's capsule. Once the filtrate enters the Bowman's capsule, it flows through the Lumen of th … e nephron into the proximal tubule. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons. First, blood enters the kidneys. here, the blood flows through smaller and smaller blood vessels until it reaches the g … lomerulus. Urea, salts, glucose, and some water are filtered from the glomerulus into a thin-walled capsule.", "Podocytes (or visceral epithelial cells) are cells in the Bowman's capsule in the kidneys that wrap around capillaries of the glomerulus. The Bowman's capsule filters blood, retaining large molecules such as proteins while smaller molecules such as water, salts, and sugar are filtered as the first step in forming urine. The long processes as foot projections called pedicels, of the podocytes wrap around the capillaries, and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a filtration slit or slit diaphragm. Several proteins are required for the foot projections to wrap around the capillaries and function", "Efferent arteriole. The arteriole that carries the concentrated blood (more cells, less plasma) away from the glomerulus and to the peritubular capillaries. It has a smaller lumen than the afferent arteriole. Tubular Secretion: Selective transfer from peritubular capillary into tubular lumen to be excreted. Second route for entering the renal tubules from blood. Mostly into Distal convoluted tubule & Collecting duct: Excess H+ (pH balance) & excess K+ (membrane potential) (secreted) removed", "The rate of filtration from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule is determined (like in systemic capillaries) by the Starling equation 1 : GFR is the glomerular filtration rate. 2 K f is the filtration coefficient – a proportionality constant. 3 P gc is the glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure. Contraction or relaxation of the artery can affect the pressure of capillaries in the glomerulus, and consequently the filtration of blood. Sympathetic nervous system action as well as hormones can also impact glomerular filtration rate by modulating afferent arteriole diameter.", "The point here is that glomerular capillaries are specialized for filtration. These capillaries are different than those in other parts of the body. The magnitude of fluid filtered in the glomerular capillaries is huge. No reabsorption occurs in glomerular capillaries. The peritubular capillaries are the site of, and are specialized for, reabsorption. The COP changes with distance along the glomerular capillaries because a large volume of water (~20%) filters out concentrating the proteins/solutes left behind. Remember, fluid is filtered into Bowman‟s capsule all along the entire length of the" ], "url": [ "https://quizlet.com/5261863/urinary-system-flash-cards/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "http://www.flashcardmachine.com/anatomy-2-urinary.html", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_a_ball_of_specialized_tightly_coiled_capillaries_within_a_kidney_nephron_where_renal_filtration_occurs", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podocyte", "https://quizlet.com/5261863/urinary-system-flash-cards/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerulus_(kidney)", "https://quizlet.com/11050578/renal-blood-flow-filtration-and-clearance-flash-cards/" ] }

[ "The point here is that glomerular capillaries are specialized for filtration. These capillaries are different than those in other parts of the body. The magnitude of fluid filtered in the glomerular capillaries is huge. No reabsorption occurs in glomerular capillaries. The peritubular capillaries are the site of, and are specialized for, reabsorption. The COP changes with distance along the glomerular capillaries because a large volume of water (~20%) filters out concentrating the proteins/solutes left behind. Remember, fluid is filtered into Bowman‟s capsule all along the entire length of the" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "If you consider naming your baby Chaos we recommend you take note of the special meaning and history of the name as your baby’s name will play a big role in its life and your baby will hear it spoken every day.", "The meaning of Chaos is “Gaping void; space”. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Chaos and its name origin or of any other name in our database. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Chaos and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. The history and meaning of the name Chaos is fascinating, learn more about it.", "Magic Baby Names is a unique search site with 66,688 names collected from 838,168 family trees, containing 41,385,754 people. But you don't need to trawl through long lists of baby names any more! Simply enter names you like and let this genius technology inspire you to find the perfect name.", "Magic Baby Names is a unique search site with 66,596 names collected from 836,744 family trees, containing 41,315,426 people. But you don't need to trawl through long lists of baby names any more! Simply enter names you like and let this genius technology inspire you to find the perfect name.", "View the Chaos Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Chaos has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Chaos to other names.", "In Greek mythology, Chaos or Khaos is the primeval state of existence from which the first gods appeared. In other words, the dark void of space. It is made from a mixture of what the Ancient Greeks considered the four elements: earth, air, water and fire." ], "url": [ "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/chaos/", "http://www.thenamemeaning.com/chaos/", "http://www.magicbabynames.com/?baby=boy&name=Chaos", "http://www.magicbabynames.com/?name=Chaos", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Chaos.html", "http://www.crystalinks.com/Chaos_Mythology.html" ] }

[ "The meaning of Chaos is “Gaping void; space”. Keep in mind that many names may have different meanings in other countries and languages, so be careful that the name that you choose doesn’t mean something bad or unpleasant. Search comprehensively and find the name meaning of Chaos and its name origin or of any other name in our database. Also note the spelling and the pronunciation of the name Chaos and check the initials of the name with your last name to discover how it looks and sounds. The history and meaning of the name Chaos is fascinating, learn more about it." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The trapezius is the most superficial (nearest to the skin) of the back, neck, and upper trunk muscles. This triangular muscle is broad and flat, lying just beneath the skin and covering the upper back of the shoulders and neck. It links to the dorsal vertebrae of the spine, scapulae, clavicles, and ribs. This muscle is named for its trapezoid shape. The trapezius muscle is a postural and active movement muscle, used to tilt and turn the head and neck, shrug, steady the shoulders, and twist the arms.", "Dorsal muscles of the head and trunk include the serratus posterior, the serratus posterior superior, the splenius capitis, the spinalis, the latissimus dorsi, the multifi … dus, and the sphincter ani internus.", "The Trapezius muscle (also known as trapezoids or traps for short) resembles a diamond shaped quadrilateral (trapezoid) and is a large surface muscle that is located in the upper back of the human torso.", "Due to the cast molding. If the molding is a regular rectangular trapezoid, there is a tendency that the bar will be stocked (constricted) on the sides of the molding when bei … ng cast out, while in a trapezoidal prism, the bottom will not cause any constriction thereby the bar will easily slide out of the molding.", "The structure of the trapezoid bone forms a firm, stationary joint with the second metacarpal base. The trapezoid is shaped like a wedge. The side of the bone that is closest to the back of the hand, referred to as dorsal, is broader than the palm-side of the bone, described as palmar. It is the least frequently injured carpal bone. The structure of the trapezoid places it in a sheltered position.", "A trapezoid is a two-dimensional shape, so it doesn't have surface area. The AREA of a trapezoid is: (Base1+Base2) X Height Divided/Over 2. For example: Imagine a trapezoi … d. Base 1 (top) measures 6 and Base 2 (bottom) measures 8." ], "url": [ "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/trapezius-muscle", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid", "http://www.musclesused.com/trapezius/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid", "http://www.healthline.com/human-body-maps/trapezoid-bone-structure", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Which_of_the_muscles_on_the_dorsal_surface_are_shaped_like_a_trapezoid" ] }

[ "Dorsal muscles of the head and trunk include the serratus posterior, the serratus posterior superior, the splenius capitis, the spinalis, the latissimus dorsi, the multifi … dus, and the sphincter ani internus." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The hemoglobin test is often used to check for anemia, usually along with a hematocrit or as part of a complete blood count (CBC) . The test may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect red blood cells (RBCs) and/or the amount of hemoglobin in blood. The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:", "Hemoglobin is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues back to the lungs. Hemoglobin is made up of four protein molecules (globulin chains) that are connected together. ", "For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c test is between 4% and 5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% indicate increased risk of diabetes, and levels of 6.5% or higher indicate diabetes. The hemoglobin A1c test, also called HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin test, or glycohemoglobin, is an important blood test that shows how well your diabetes is being controlled.", "A hemoglobin electrophoresis test is a blood test done to check the different types of hemoglobin in the blood. Hemoglobin is the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen. The most common types of normal hemoglobin are: 1 Hemoglobin A. Guide. ", "1 Screen for, diagnose, and measure the severity of anemia (low RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit) or polycythemia (high RBCs, hemoglobin and hematocrit). 2 Monitor the response to treatment of anemia or polycythemia. 3 Help make decisions about blood transfusions or other treatments if the anemia is severe. The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:", "Hemoglobin is the main part of your red blood cells. It carries oxygen through your blood. If your hemoglobin level is too low, you may not be able to supply the cells in your body with the oxygen they need to survive. Hemoglobin S (Hgb S) is an abnormal type of hemoglobin that you can inherit from your parents. Hgb S causes red blood cells to become stiff and abnormally shaped.", "Labtestsonline.org explains that the purpose of an Hgb blood test is to determine the amount of hemoglobin that exists in your blood as well as, how well it is supplying your blood cells with oxygen. In patients with bleeding problems such as, heavy menstrual flows, an Hgb test can determine levels of anemia. High Hgb Results. A blood test that reflects a high Hgb result may indicate that your kidneys are not functioning as they should be. According to mayoclinic.com, your kidneys may be eliminating too much protein, or that your bone marrow is overproducing red blood cells.", "Definition. A hemoglobin test measures the amount of hemoglobin in your blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that carries oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and transports carbon dioxide from your organs and tissues back to your lungs. If a hemoglobin test reveals that your hemoglobin level is lower than normal, it means you have a low red blood cell count (anemia). Anemia can have many different causes, including vitamin deficiencies, bleeding and chronic diseases.", "hemoglobin (Hb, Hgb) test, a blood test that measures the total amount of hemoglobin in the peripheral blood, which reflects the number of red blood cells in the blood. The test is normally performed as part of a complete blood count. Hemoglobin is a protein inside red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. A hemoglobin test reveals how much hemoglobin is in a person's blood, helping to diagnose and monitor anemia and polycythemia vera.", "Low hemoglobin with low RBC count and low hematocrit indicates anemia. Some causes include: 1 Excessive loss of blood from, for example, severe trauma or chronic bleeding from sites such as the digestive tract (e.g., ulcers, polyps, colon cancer), the bladder or uterus (in women, heavy menstrual bleeding, for example). The hemoglobin test may be ordered during a general health examination or when a person has signs and symptoms of a condition affecting red blood cells such as anemia or polycythemia. Some signs and symptoms of anemia include:" ], "url": [ "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test", "http://www.medicinenet.com/hemoglobin/article.htm", "http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/glycated-hemoglobin-test-hba1c", "http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hemoglobin-electrophoresis", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test", "http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=hemoglobin_s", "http://www.ehow.com/about_5038872_hgb-blood-test.html", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemoglobin-test/basics/definition/PRC-20015022", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Hemoglobin+Test", "https://labtestsonline.org/understanding/analytes/hemoglobin/tab/test" ] }

[ "Labtestsonline.org explains that the purpose of an Hgb blood test is to determine the amount of hemoglobin that exists in your blood as well as, how well it is supplying your blood cells with oxygen. In patients with bleeding problems such as, heavy menstrual flows, an Hgb test can determine levels of anemia. High Hgb Results. A blood test that reflects a high Hgb result may indicate that your kidneys are not functioning as they should be. According to mayoclinic.com, your kidneys may be eliminating too much protein, or that your bone marrow is overproducing red blood cells." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How long does it take our Moon to go around Earth? It takes 27 days, 7 hours, and 43 minutes for our Moon to complete one full orbit around Earth. This is called the sidereal month, and is measured by our Moon's position relative to distant fixed stars. However, it takes our Moon about 29.5 days to complete one cycle of phases (from new Moon to new Moon). ", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to a fixed star, that is a sideral month, which is 27.32166 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "The orbit of the Moon around the Earth is completed in approximately 27.32 days. The more precise figure is 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds. The period between cons … ecutive phases is longer, at 29.53 days, because the position of the Earth and Moon changes as Earth orbits around the Sun. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon.", "If you ignore the earth's orbit around the sun, the moon takes 27.32 days to go 360 degrees around us. In other words, the time it takes to cover 360 degrees of the celestial sphere. But since we orbit the sun, the moon has to travel farther than 360 degrees to reach the same point, with respect to the earth and sun. 29.53 days. That's its synodic period, which is the amount of time it takes to go through its phases. This is by far the most commonly used figure. It has a 27.32 day sidereal revolution around the earth, with respect to the stars.", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the intersection of the equator and ecliptic, that is a tropical month, which is 27.32158 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "The moon orbits the earth in a little under 28 earth days. It travels at almost 2,290 miles per hour. Coincidentally, the moon's rotation period is also a little under 28 days, meaning the same face points toward the earth during its entire orbit. The English word month is derived from moonth, which was how long the moon was observed to take to return to a specific phase. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon.", "The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution in approximately 27.322 days (a sidereal month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycentre (common center of mass), which lies about 4600 km from Earth's center (about three quarters of the radius of Earth). On average, the Moon is at a distance of about 385000 km from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii.", "If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to its perigee, that is an anomalistic month, which is 27.55455 days. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to return to its ecliptical ascending node, that is a draconic month, which is 27.21222 days. Relevance. Rating Newest Oldest. Best Answer: It depends on how you define orbit. If you define orbit to mean the time it takes the Moon to come back to the same point with respect to the Sun (new moon to new moon), that is a synodic month, which is 29.53059 days.", "How long does it take the Moon to orbit the Earth? The Moon takes about 27 days (27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds) to go all the way around the Earth and return to its starting position. The Moon's orbit around the Earth is a slightly squashed circle called an ellipse. A lunar month is about 29.5 days (29 days, 12 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds). Why is a Lunar month (29.5 days) longer than the number of days it takes the Moon to orbit the Earth (27.3)? Whilst the Moon is orbiting the Earth, the Earth is constantly moving because it is orbiting the sun.", "1 The Moon's orbital period in a non-rotating frame of reference is 27.32 days (27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes, 11.6 seconds). 2 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 1 This is known as a sidereal month and is measured by observing how long it takes the Moon to pass a fixed star on the celestial sphere. 2 A synodic month is 29.53 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes, 2.8 seconds) and is measured from New Moon to New Moon." ], "url": [ "http://www.lpi.usra.edu/education/skytellers/moon_phases/about.shtml", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080617044342AAzNUBT", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit_of_the_Moon", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061113131034AAkcQbS", "http://resources.woodlands-junior.kent.sch.uk/time/moon/facts.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_does_it_take_for_the_moon_to_orbit_the_earth" ] }

[ "The Moon orbits Earth in the prograde direction and completes one revolution in approximately 27.322 days (a sidereal month). Earth and the Moon orbit about their barycentre (common center of mass), which lies about 4600 km from Earth's center (about three quarters of the radius of Earth). On average, the Moon is at a distance of about 385000 km from Earth's center, which corresponds to about 60 Earth radii." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Introduction. Other marine organisms have been found to store TTX and include the Australian blue-ringed octopus (Hapaloclaena maculosa, uses TTX as a toxin for capturing prey), parrotfish, triggerfish, goby, angelfish, cod, boxfish (Ostracion spp. A single milligram or less of TTX-an amount that can be placed on the head of a pin, is enough to kill an adult. Stages of TTX Intoxication and TTX Toxicity The first symptom of intoxication is a slight numbness of the lips and tongue, appearing between 20 minutes to three hours after eating poisonous pufferfish.", "The trans-membrane pore is formed when the four units fold into a cluster with the center of the cluster the pore. Tetrodotoxin is the poison that is produced by the puffer fish and a number of other animals. It is a virulent poison, the LD50 for the mouse is 10 nanograms. It acts by blocking the conduction of nerve impulses along nerve fibers and axons. The victim eventually dies from respiratory paralysis. Tetrodotoxin, much larger than the sodium ion, acts like a cork in a bottle, preventing the flow of sodium until it slowly diffuses off. A mortal dose of tetrodotoxin is but a single milligram. Tetrodotoxin competes with the hydrated sodium cation and enters the Na+-channel where it binds.", "Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish; several species that carry the toxin. Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel", "Tetrodotoxin is found in the liver, skin and eggs of the pufferfish. Tetrodotoxin has also been detected in other animals such as the tropical goby, blue ringed octopus, and some species of crabs, starfish, newts and frogs. [ Fugu Recipes ]. Venomous snakes can be dangerous even after they are dead. ", "1 DESCRIPTION: Tetrodotoxin is an extremely potent poison (toxin) found mainly in the liver and sex organs (gonads) of some fish, such as puffer fish, globefish, and toadfish (order Tetraodontiformes) and in some amphibian, octopus, and shellfish species. ", "Tetrodotoxin inhibits the firing of action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the nerve cell. Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channe", "The use of this toxin as a biochemical probe has elucidated two distinct types of voltage-gated sodium channels present in humans: the tetrodotoxin-sensitive voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-s Na + channel) and the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel (TTX-r Na + channel). Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel", "Causes. See the list below: Ingestion of tetrodotoxin causes the syndrome. Almost all toxicity is caused by the ingestion of fugu, but other species of animals have been shown to produce tetrodotoxin (eg, California newt, parrot fish, blue-ringed octopus). A death from ingestion of tetrodotoxin from a California newt has been documented. ", "Tetrodotoxin: Mode of Action. The flow of sodium ions into nerve cells is a necessary step in the conduction of nerve impulses in excitable nerve fibers and along axons. Normal axon cells have high concentrations of K+ ions and low concentrations of Na+ ions and have a negative potential. Tetrodotoxin, much larger than the sodium ion, acts like a cork in a bottle, preventing the flow of sodium until it slowly diffuses off. A mortal dose of tetrodotoxin is but a single milligram. Tetrodotoxin competes with the hydrated sodium cation and enters the Na+-channel where it binds." ], "url": [ "http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/ttx/ttx.htm", "http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/zctsim/ionchannel.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/toxin1.html", "http://www.cdc.gov/NIOSH/ershdb/EmergencyResponseCard_29750019.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrodotoxin", "http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/818763-clinical", "http://www.life.umd.edu/grad/mlfsc/zctsim/ionchannel.html" ] }

[ "Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish; several species that carry the toxin. Tetrodotoxin binds to what is known as site 1 of the fast voltage-gated sodium channel. Site 1 is located at the extracellular pore opening of the ion channel. The binding of any molecules to this site will temporarily disable the function of the ion channel" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A philomath is a lover of learning. Philomathy is similar to, but distinguished from, philosophy in that soph, the latter suffix, specifies wisdom or knowledge, rather than the process of acquisition thereof. Philomath is not synonymous with polymath..", "Definition of PHILOMATH. : a lover of learning: scholar; especially: a student of mathematics. — phil·o·math·e·an adjective. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged", "Philomath was named after the Philomath College that was founded in 1867 by the United Brethren Church. The name of the college and city was derived from two Greek words meaning lover of learning. The city was incorporated on October 20, 1882. Philomath (/fɨˈloʊməθ/ fi-LOH-məth) is a city in Benton County, Oregon, United States. It was named for Philomath (Greek, love of learning) College. The population was 4,584 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Corvallis, Oregon, Metropolitan Statistical Area", "Philomath, Oregon, is nestled at the base of the Marys Peak in the Oregon Coast Range and enjoys the mild climate of the mid-Willamette Valley. The current population is 4,630. The commanding Philomath College building, constructed in 1867, serves as the community anchor and is home to the Benton County Historical Museum. Philomath hosts several community events throughout the year, most notably, the Philomath Frolic & Rodeo, always held the second full weekend in July.", "For other uses, see Philomath (disambiguation) . A philomath (/ˈfɪlɵmaeθ/ ; ˈfɪlɵmæθ: greek φίλος (philos, beloved, loving as in philosophy or) + Philanthropy greek μανθάνειν, manthanein - (math to, learn as in)) polymath is a lover of. learning ", "Located in the beautiful and lush Willamette Valley, Philomath Self Storage provides self storage designed for peace of mind. Philomath Self Storage offers RV storage and parking spots in Philomath, OR. These spots are also great for boats and commercial vehicles. Philomath Self Storage has self storage units in a variety of sizes to meet your residential and commercial storage needs. Our friendly and professional staff is on-site and ready to help you with all of your self storage needs, questions and requirements" ], "url": [ "http://www.definitions.net/definition/philomath", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/philomath", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomath,_Oregon", "http://www.ci.philomath.or.us/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philomath", "https://www.urbanstorage.com/self-storage/or/philomath/philomath-self-storage/" ] }

[ "Definition of PHILOMATH. : a lover of learning: scholar; especially: a student of mathematics. — phil·o·math·e·an adjective. ADVERTISEMENT. This word doesn't usually appear in our free dictionary, but the definition from our premium Unabridged Dictionary is offered here on a limited basis. Note that some information is displayed differently in the Unabridged" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "You can find out where the majority of the Lino families were living before they immigrated to the U.S and learn where to focus your search for foreign records. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival, and destination. from the New York Passenger Lists. You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival", "[ 2 syll. li-no, lin-o ] The baby boy name Lino is pronounced in Galician as L IY-Nao or in Italian and Spanish as L IY-Now †. Lino is of Old Greek origin and it is used mainly in Italian. Lino is a variant of Linus (English and German). Lino is not widely used as a baby name for boys. It is not listed within the top 1000 names. Baby names that sound like Lino include Lajuan, Lalam, Lallaam, Laman (Arabic and English), Lamey, Lami, Lamie, Lamon, Lamy, Lanee, Laney, Lani (English), Lanie, Lannee, Lanney, Lanni, Lannie, Lanny (English), Lanu, and Lany. ", "Lino /lino/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. Lino's name origin is Greek, and the name Lino means flax. Lino is a variant transcription of Linus (Greek): from Linos. Compare surname Laino. Below is a charted analysis of the usage of Lino and corresponding names. The only popular related form of Lino (unlisted) rated in the Top 1000 is Linus. This boy name reached the height of its popularity during 1880-1889 (usage of 0.036%) and is now less popular.", "Lino Name Meaning. Spanish (Lino): liño perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a linen, weaver from ‘lino’.Liño linen Spanish: and portuguese from the medieval Personal (Name Lino), latin linus or from a short form of a personal name-ending. with lino You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival and destination.", "Lino Name Meaning. Spanish (Lino): liño perhaps a metonymic occupational name for a linen, weaver from ‘lino’.Liño linen Spanish: and portuguese from the medieval Personal (Name Lino), latin linus or from a short form of a personal name-ending. With: Lino source Dictionary Of American ©family, Names 2013 Oxford. university press You can find out when most of the Lino families immigrated to the United States. You can focus your search to immigration records dating from that era. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival and destination.", "Lino is a somewhat prominent first name for men (#1107 out of 1220, Top 91%) and an even more prominent last name for both adults and children (#10102 out of 150436, Top 7%). Below is a charted analysis of the usage of Lino and corresponding names. The only popular related form of Lino (unlisted) rated in the Top 1000 is Linus. This boy name reached the height of its popularity during 1880-1889 (usage of 0.036%) and is now less popular.", "Latin Meaning: The name Lino is a Latin baby name. In Latin the meaning of the name Lino is: Praise. SoulUrge Number: 6. Expression Number: 5. People with this name have a deep inner desire for a stable, loving family or community, and a need to work with others and to be appreciated.", "What does Lino mean, popularity, numerology and more. The name Lino is of Italian origin. The meaning of Lino is flax. It is also of Spanish origin, where its meaning is a cry of grief. View the Lino Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Lino has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Lino to other names.", "Lino is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 4 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Li-no. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 2809 in baby name popularity for boys with 42 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name. View the Lino Name Popularity Page to see how the popularity trend for Lino has changed since 1880, or to compare the popularity of Lino to other names." ], "url": [ "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Lino", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Lino", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=lino", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Lino", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/lino", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Lino.html", "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Lino.html" ] }

[ "Lino /lino/ [2 sylls.] as a boys' name. Lino's name origin is Greek, and the name Lino means flax. Lino is a variant transcription of Linus (Greek): from Linos. Compare surname Laino. Below is a charted analysis of the usage of Lino and corresponding names. The only popular related form of Lino (unlisted) rated in the Top 1000 is Linus. This boy name reached the height of its popularity during 1880-1889 (usage of 0.036%) and is now less popular." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "GET QUOTES. Domestic EPC. The new government has now suspended the Home Information Pack which did include an EPC for potential buyers.The EPC in the HIP was valid for 3 years but this has now changed to a standalone EPC for a home that's put up for sale is now valid for 10 years. Landlords EPC. ", "Any domestic work notified by your electrician to NICEIC Building Control is searchable through the site www.checkmynotification.com. You can check the details of the certificate via the number on the certificate or the address where the work was carried out. Should you require a copy of a certificate, you can follow the secure payment process and a certificate will be sent to you in the post. ", "Domestic Testing. The NICEIC guidelines recommend that the electrics in domestic properties should be tested at least every 10 years. This will ensure that the installation remains in a good condition and continues to be safe to use. Get a free quote →. If you’re a landlord with a rented property the advice is that testing should be carried out every 5 years to ensure the safety of your tenants on an ongoing basis. It’s also advisable to monitor the condition of the electrical installation and keep track of any alterations with an annual Visual Condition Report.", "* Where the electrical work to which this certificate relates includes the installation of a fire alarm system and/or an emergency lighting system (or a part of such systems), this electrical safety certificate should be accompanied by the particular certificate(s) for the system(s). 'N/A' indicates that an inspection or test was not applicable to the panicular installation. Where a smoke alarm has been installed, separate certification is required on the appropriate form. This form is based on the model Electrical Installation Certificate shown in Appendix 6 of BS 7671 (as amended).", "It will be up to you to prove that the electrical installation was fit for service at the time of renting and that the onus of blame lies elsewhere. Your up to date electrical safety certificate will ensure that you can do this. Contrary to popular belief, the current regulations of the IEE wiring regulations BS 7671 was issued in 1991. It states that every electrical system shall be tested before being brought into service and have an electrical safety certificate issued.", "All electrical installations deteriorate with time and should be inspected and tested every 3 to 5 years for continued service. Such safety checks are commonly known as ‘periodic inspection’ or ‘domestic electrical installation condition report’. A electrical inspection reports will: 1 Reveal if any of your electrical circuits or equipment are overloaded. 2 Find any potential electric shock risks and fire hazards. All our engineers are either NICEIC (external link), ELECSA (external link) , or NAPIT (external link) registered and are fully qualified to carry out electrical certificates or domestic electrical installation condition reports.", "The time an ECS card is valid for will depend on the card type and the rules of the scheme. Typically an ECS craft card will be valid for a maximum of 3 years, however, some ECS cards have a shorter validity period. An ECS craft card is valid for 3 years, ECS Adult Trainee cards are valid for 24 months with Conditional and Provisional cards valid for 18 months. ", "NICEIC Online Certification. A revolutionary way to certify & notify your work! Now for the first time ever, you can certify and notify all your work online using NICEIC's new online certification system. Create, store and administer certificates in a simpler, quicker and more streamlined way, saving your business time and money" ], "url": [ "http://www.epccompare.com/compare_epcs/epc/how_long_does_an_epc_last_for/", "https://www.niceic.com/find-a-contractor/certificate-check", "http://www.aec-group.co.uk/testing-info/", "http://www.roomsoutdoor.co.uk/download/building_regulations_certificate_example.pdf", "http://www.brhelectrical.co.uk/static/LandlordsFAQ.asp", "https://www.landlord-certificates.co.uk/electrical-certificates/what-is-an-electrical-installation-condition-report/", "http://www.ecscard.org.uk/faqs.aspx", "https://www.niceiconline.com/" ] }

[ "Domestic Testing. The NICEIC guidelines recommend that the electrics in domestic properties should be tested at least every 10 years. This will ensure that the installation remains in a good condition and continues to be safe to use. Get a free quote →. If you’re a landlord with a rented property the advice is that testing should be carried out every 5 years to ensure the safety of your tenants on an ongoing basis. It’s also advisable to monitor the condition of the electrical installation and keep track of any alterations with an annual Visual Condition Report." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Overview. Cost and return estimates are reported for the United States and major production regions for corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, rice, peanuts, oats, barley, milk, hogs, and cow-calf. The history of commodity cost and return estimates for the U.S. and regions is divided into three categories: Current, Recent, and Historical estimates. Cost-of Production Forecasts are also available for major U.S. field crops. Note: The procedure used to update the opportunity cost of land in all crop production cost and return accounts was changed in the October 1, 2013 update", "USDA's low cost food plan. Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels 1 : Thrifty. 2 Low.", "Overview. Monthly milk cost-of-production (COP) estimates, and annual milk COP estimates by State and size of operation are shown below. Estimates since 2010 are based on the 2010 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) data from milk producers", "1 INCREASING PRODUCTION COSTS Background USDA forecasts that total farm production expenses rose to $221 billion in 2005, up 5 percent from 2004 and 12.6 percent from 2001. Higher costs from purchased inputs such as fuel, fertilizers, and pesticides explain much of the rise in total farm production expenses. The input prices paid for fuel and fertilizer in 2005 spiked 61.5 percent and have tripled in 3 years. Annual indexes compiled by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) show that prices paid by farmers for all items rose 12.9 percent from 2002 to 2005. This was greater than the finished goods producer price index (PPI), which rose 12.1 percent over the same period.", "This allows one to calculate a total cost of production on a per bushel basis. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively.", "Wrapping it Up. The USDA cost of production estimates suggest that 2016 input costs will be similar to 2015. With prices at current levels, this would mean another challenging year for many farmers. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively.", "Note: Due to a change in the way the National Agricultural Statistic Service (NASS) is reporting agricultural price data, beginning with the January 2015 release of this data product, monthly milk cost of production can no longer be estimated for the month prior to the current release date. Monthly milk cost-of-production (COP) estimates, and annual milk COP estimates by State and size of operation are shown below.", "USDA's low cost food plan. Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels : Low-Cost Food Plan from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (CNPP) of the USDA uses the USDA’s Food Plans and current food cost data to calculate, each month, the Cost of Food at Home for four different levels 1 : Thrifty. 2 Low.", "The 2016 cost of production estimates for corn, soybeans, and wheat show costs nearly the same as those forecast for 2015. To be specific the budgeted costs range from $8.48 (corn) to $5.00 per acre (wheat) higher than 2015. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively." ], "url": [ "http://ers.usda.gov/data-products/commodity-costs-and-returns.aspx", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsavings/page/usdas-low-cost-food-plan", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/milk-cost-of-production-estimates.aspx", "http://www.usda.gov/documents/INCREASING_PRODUCTION_COSTS.pdf", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/", "http://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/milk-cost-of-production-estimates.aspx", "http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsavings/page/usdas-low-cost-food-plan", "http://ageconomists.com/2015/08/03/2016-usda-cost-of-production-forecasts-point-to-more-of-the-same-for-u-s-farmers/" ] }

[ "Wrapping it Up. The USDA cost of production estimates suggest that 2016 input costs will be similar to 2015. With prices at current levels, this would mean another challenging year for many farmers. For instance, at the estimated trend yield of 166 bushels per acre for corn the costs of production would be $4.11 per bushel. Using this approach soybeans and wheat come in at costs of $10.65 and $6.50 per bushel respectively." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Step 3: Cream together ingredients. In a large mixing bowl beat the softened butter with an electric mixer on medium speed until smooth. Gradually add 2 cups of the powdered sugar, beating well. Slowly beat in 1/3 cup milk and the vanilla. If your frosting gets a bit too soft, put it in the refrigerator for a few minutes or stir in 1/4 to 1/2 cup more powdered sugar to firm it up. If desired, add a few drops of food coloring or flavorings (see How to Add Flavor to Frosting, below) to tint or flavor the frosting.", "Preparation. Cream butter, salt, and vanilla, beating with an electric mixer until light and fluffy. Add the confectioners' sugar gradually, beating after each addition. Add 3 tablespoons milk or light cream, beating until smooth. Beat in more milk until desired spreading consistency is reached and the frosting is spreadable. Makes about 2 1/3 cups of frosting, enough to frost tops and sides of of an 8-inch 2-layer cake or a 10-inch tube or bundt cake, or about 1 dozen cupcakes.", "1 1 In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. 2 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 3 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 4 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 1 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 3 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 4 If frosting becomes too thin, beat in a small amount of powdered sugar.", "1 In a large bowl, cream together the confectioners' sugar and shortening until smooth. 2 Gradually mix in the milk and vanilla with an electric mixer until smooth and stiff, about 5 minutes. 3 Color with food coloring if desired. Prep. Ready In. 1 ", "Directions. 1 1 In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. 2 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 3 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 4 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 1 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 3 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 4 If frosting becomes too thin, beat in a small amount of powdered sugar.", "Directions. 1 Cream sugar, butter and vanilla. 2 Add a small amount of milk (1 to 2 tablespoons). 3 Add cocoa if desired and beat until fluffy. 4 If frosting is too sweet add a little more milk. 1 Cream sugar, butter and vanilla. 2 Add a small amount of milk (1 to 2 tablespoons). 3 Add cocoa if desired and beat until fluffy. 4 If frosting is too sweet add a little more milk.", "3. Add milk. Add 3 tablespoons of cold milk to the sugar, and whisk until well-blended. http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/a/a5/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-3-preview-Version-2.jpg/550px-Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-3-preview-Version-2.jpg. http://pad3.whstatic .... Pour in the sugar. Put 2 cups (226g) powdered sugar into a medium bowl. Whisk out any lumps. http://pad3.whstatic.com/images/thumb/1/15/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-2-preview-Version-2.jpg/550px-Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar-Step-2-preview-Version-2.jpg. http://pad3.whstatic ...." ], "url": [ "http://www.bhg.com/recipes/how-to/bake/how-to-make-frosting/", "http://southernfood.about.com/od/icingrecipes/r/Creamy-Butter-Frosting-Recipe.htm", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/vanilla-buttercream-frosting/39107a19-be94-4571-9031-f1fc5bd1d606", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/9840/sugar-cookie-frosting/", "http://www.bettycrocker.com/recipes/vanilla-buttercream-frosting/39107a19-be94-4571-9031-f1fc5bd1d606", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/10842/vanilla---chocolate-powdered-sugar-frosting/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Make-Frosting-with-Powdered-Sugar" ] }

[ "1 1 In medium bowl, mix powdered sugar and butter with spoon or electric mixer on low speed. 2 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 3 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 4 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 1 Stir in vanilla and 1 tablespoon of the milk. 2 2 Gradually beat in just enough remaining milk to make frosting smooth and spreadable. 3 If frosting is too thick, beat in more milk, a few drops at a time. 4 If frosting becomes too thin, beat in a small amount of powdered sugar." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A: Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy.", "Adderall (amphetamine and dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain that are associated with hyperactivity and impulse control. Adderall is used in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Adderall is available as a short-acting and long-acting formulation.", "Part of the confusion over whether the drug is a stimulant or depressant arises from the different effects people experience depending on dose and individual physiology. While one person may feel jittery and hyper after taking Adderall, another may feel more an increased sense of focus.", "By Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D. One common drug question I get a lot is whether Adderall, a drug commonly prescribed for ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), is a stimulant or a depressant. Adderall is an amphetamine, which means it is a stimulant, in the same class of chemicals that includes methamphetamine and benzedrine.", "Adderall is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. According to the prescribing information, the most common side effects of Adderall are loss of appetite, insomnia, weight loss, abdominal pain, mood changes, and vomiting.", "The drug's effects include euphoria, increased wakefulness, increased focus, increased libido, and diminished appetite. Adderall effects blood pressure, cardiac function, respiration, muscles, and digestive function. As with other amphetamines, it is addictive and discontinuing its use may lead to withdrawal symptoms.", "Stimulant medications including amphetamines (e.g., Adderall) and methylphenidate (e.g., Ritalin and Concerta) are often prescribed to treat children, adolescents, or adults diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)." ], "url": [ "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "http://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/adderall", "http://chemistry.about.com/b/2013/04/10/is-adderall-a-stimulant-or-a-depressant.htm", "https://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/stimulant-adhd-medications-methylphenidate-amphetamines" ] }

[ "A: Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) is a stimulant which is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Basel is generally used as a boy's name. It consists of 5 letters and 2 syllables and is pronounced Ba-sel. In the U.S. in 2014, it ranked 4672 in baby name popularity for boys with 20 occurrences. Less than 5 girls were given the name.", "Meaning of Basel. Basel is an indirect Quranic name for boys that means “courageous”, “lion”. It is derived from the B-S-L root which is used in many places in the Quran.", "Find Basel meaning and definition at Hamariweb.com name dictionary a Best place to find your accurate name meanings in Urdu. Basel name reviews, Origin, gender, rating an many more about Basel.", "You can find out where the majority of the Basel families were living before they immigrated to the U.S and learn where to focus your search for foreign records. Immigration records can tell you an ancestor's name, ship name, port of departure, port of arrival, and destination. from the New York Passenger Lists.", "German: habitational name from the Swiss city of Basel.from a short form of Germanic personal names formed with Old High German ber ‘bear’ (the animal) or Old Norse bodh ‘battle’. from a pet form, Božel, from Slavic Božidar ‘gift of God’.", "[ 2 syll. ba-sel, bas-el ] The baby boy name Basel is pronounced as B AA ZAHL †. The origin of Basel is Old Greek. Basel is a variation of the name Basil (Arabic, Czech, English, French, and German).", "Basler Name Meaning. habitational name for someone from the city of Basel in Switzerland.from an agent derivative of Middle Low German baseln ‘to behave in a confused manner’, hence a nickname for a scatterbrained person." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Basel.html", "http://quranicnames.com/basel/", "http://hamariweb.com/names/muslim/arabic/boy/basel-meaning_117", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basel", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basel", "http://www.babynamespedia.com/meaning/Basel", "http://www.ancestry.com/name-origin?surname=basler" ] }

[ "Meaning of Basel. Basel is an indirect Quranic name for boys that means “courageous”, “lion”. It is derived from the B-S-L root which is used in many places in the Quran." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Dogs have higher body temperature than we do. Therefore, even if your dog may feel hot or feverish to you, his body temperature may still be within normal limit. The normal dog temperature is 101.5°F (38.6°C). A body temperature of 102°F (38.9°C) or above is considered a fever. Dogs can run a high fever of 104°F (40°C) and sometimes up to 105°F (40.5°C).", "The body functions normally at a given temperature range; this is true for humans and for dogs. A dog’s body is set to a normal temperature of 100 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The average canine body temperature is 101.3.", "In general, the normal body temperature for animals is higher than for humans. The normal rectal temperature of a dog is 99.5° to 102.5°F. The normal temperature of a puppy at birth is 96-97°F. The temperature gradually increases with age until it is 100°F at 4 weeks of age.", "The normal body temperature for dogs is between 101 and 102.5 F, compared to 97.6 to 99.6 F for humans. This means your dog may feel feverish to you even when his temperature is completely normal. The word “fever” is typically used to describe elevated body temperature caused by infection or inflammation.", "The normal temperature range of an adult canine is between 100 and 102.5 degrees F, or 37.8 and 39.2 degrees C. Typically, the most accurate results will be obtained by taking the dog's temperature rectally, but the temperature can also be taken in the ears, using a digital thermometer.", "The normal body temperature for a dog falls within the range of 100°F to 102.5°F (about 38°C to 39.2°C). If your dog's temperature is outside of this range, you should contact your veterinarian. Body temperature over 104°F or under 99°F indicates an emergency situation." ], "url": [ "http://www.natural-dog-health-remedies.com/dog-temperature.html", "http://www.vetstreet.com/dr-marty-becker/what-is-normal-dog-temperature-heart-rate-and-respiration", "http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c=21+1276&aid=1779", "http://pets.webmd.com/dogs/high-fever-in-dogs", "http://www.vetinfo.com/what-is-a-normal-dog-temperature-range.html", "http://dogs.about.com/od/faqs/f/normal_temp.htm" ] }

[ "The body functions normally at a given temperature range; this is true for humans and for dogs. A dog’s body is set to a normal temperature of 100 to 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. The average canine body temperature is 101.3." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The half-life of a medication is the time it takes for the amount of the medication in the body to be reduced by 50%. The mean elimination half-life for Abilify (aripiprazole) is about 75 hours. Typically it takes 5 half-lives for a medication to get out of your system. With that being said, it will take approximately 375 hours (16 days) for Abilify (aripiprazole) to completely leave your body. Abilify is metabolized (broken down by the body) through the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 pathways.", "Hello, As I said the half life of Abilify is 75 hours or days and 3 hours. It is generally considered to take 7 half lives to totally rid a substance from your system. That totals 21 days. Best wishes and good luck.", "As I said the half life of Abilify is 75 hours or days and 3 hours. It is generally considered to take 7 half lives to totally rid a substance from your system. That totals 21 days. Best wishes and good luck.", "Hi Casandra, quitting abruptly can cause significant withdrawal symptoms… Your doctor is correct about the drug staying in your system for a few days as the half-life is extremely long (75 hours), meaning it can take up to a full week (7 days) for the drug to clear your system." ], "url": [ "http://www.rxwiki.com/askrx/3192/how-long-does-it-take-for-abilify-to-leave-the-body", "http://www.justanswer.com/mental-health/2oktl-long-does-abilify-system.html", "http://www.justanswer.com/mental-health/2oktl-long-does-abilify-system.html", "http://mentalhealthdaily.com/2014/04/16/abilify-withdrawal-symptoms-how-long-do-they-last/" ] }

[ "The half-life of a medication is the time it takes for the amount of the medication in the body to be reduced by 50%. The mean elimination half-life for Abilify (aripiprazole) is about 75 hours. Typically it takes 5 half-lives for a medication to get out of your system. With that being said, it will take approximately 375 hours (16 days) for Abilify (aripiprazole) to completely leave your body. Abilify is metabolized (broken down by the body) through the CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 pathways." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Storyline. Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness. Numerous in-jokes and heavy doses of cruel humour have made this series a cult hit in the UK and abroad. Reviews: 49 user | 13 critic. Edina Monsoon and her best friend Patsy drive Eddie's sensible daughter, Saffron, up the wall with their constant drug abuse and outrageous selfishness.", "All of the originals who are back together again are still truly absolutely fabulous and the new adventures of Edina, Patsy, Saffy, Bubble and Mother, plus a few surprising guests, will be a real treat for viewers.. Saunders announced in November 2011 that she has begun work on a film version of the series. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show.", "[ Patsy describes her sister, Jackie ]. Patsy: She is there, behind the rich and powerful... beside the rich and powerful... *under* the rich and powerful. Patsy: Eddy, you know your stomach's like a dog that doesn't know when it's going to be fed next. It just hangs around until you want to kick it. Patsy: You don't want to put on two pieces of Elastroplast and shove in some dental floss and call it an outfit... You don't wanna WHAP your fanny out of the prim! Just slither your tits out of the back of a taxi, I mean they're just mags, sweetheart. They're just mags. They're just receycled snaps.", "Absolutely Fabulous evolved from a French & Saunders sketch called Modern Mother and Daughter (from series 3 episode 6), which starred Saunders as the mother (named 'Adrianna') and French as the daughter, already named Saffron. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show.", "Stoli-Bolli. The Stoli-Bolli cocktail came from an episode of Absolutely Fabulous, in which Patsy and Edina kind of make it up on the fly. It’s extremely simple – vodka-spiked champagne. But coming from the minds of Patsy and Edina, it’s all about the brands. ", "And now, after over 20 years, Absolutely Fabulous is coming back darlings! Well, sort of. Jennifer Saunders has confirmed she's completed an Ab Fab film script, called Edina and Patsy. The movie will see the return of Joanna Lumley and Jennifer Saunders hilarious on-screen characters, Eddy and Pats. Saunders (who plays Eddy) told Sunday People this year: I ve finished the first draft.", "The thing is, if someone back then had wanted to scoff an Absolutely Fabulous while watching Absolutely Fabulous, it would have been a repeat. The original and triumphant three series run of Ab Fab ended about four years earlier, in 1995. It’s entirely possible Eddy used Bolli as mouthwash and on her breakfast cereal. ", "Patsy was born on 30 October, although her actual age is never clearly divulged; she often states herself to be between 39 and 43. In one episode (Cold Turkey) a nurse guesses that she is around 65 years old. Patsy also has a sister named Jackie, whom Eddy abhors and who twice tried to kill Patsy with drug overdoses. Jackie intimidates Patsy into stating that Patsy is the elder of the two.", "Although Ab Fab was produced by Saunders and French's production company, Dawn French appeared on the show only once, in a cameo in the first-series episode Magazine. Three new specials were announced to celebrate the show's 20th anniversary with the first special, Identity airing on 25 December 2011. Absolutely Fabulous inspired a French feature film, called Absolument fabuleux, in 2001. It was written and directed by Gabriel Aghion, and starred Josiane Balasko as Eddy and Nathalie Baye as Patsy. Saunders had a small cameo alongside Catherine Deneuve as a spectator at a fashion show." ], "url": [ "http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0105929/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous", "http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0027816/quotes", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous", "http://mixthatdrink.com/stoli-bolli/", "http://www.marieclaire.co.uk/blogs/548806/21-funniest-ab-fab-quotes-of-all-time.html", "http://thecocktailstudio.com.au/spirits/vodka/cocktails/absolutely-fabulous", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patsy_Stone", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutely_Fabulous" ] }

[ "Stoli-Bolli. The Stoli-Bolli cocktail came from an episode of Absolutely Fabulous, in which Patsy and Edina kind of make it up on the fly. It’s extremely simple – vodka-spiked champagne. But coming from the minds of Patsy and Edina, it’s all about the brands. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Calves can be ready for weaning by 3 to 4 weeks of age; however, in Penn State studies calves weaned at 3 weeks required extra attention. The increased time and labor required to get these calves eating starter suggest that waiting until 4 weeks of age would be prudent. Body weight at 8 weeks of age was the same for all calves and averaged 164 pounds. This meant that calves nearly doubled their birth weight by 8 weeks of age, a good parameter in any calf feeding system. Average daily gains also were similar. Height at the hips and withers was similar too, regardless of weaning age.", "If a newborn calf is unable to nurse its dam, use of a surrogate cow may be the best way to raise the calf until weaning. Bottle-fed calves can be weaned after one month of age, while calves nursing cows are weaned between 3 and 8 months of age. It is usually best to wean at the older age. For comparing weight of calves weaned at different ages, a 205-day weaning weight is sometimes calculated. ", "Traditionally, calves are weaned at six to seven months of age. In typical spring calving herds in the northern Great Plains, this is usually October or November. However, during drought, forage is generally limiting and early weaning should be considered as a management tool. Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Weaning early can result in improved conception rates, provided the calves are weaned during the breeding season. 2 This would require weaning calves at a very young age (calves need to be weaned at 45 to 105 days of age to allow increased conception rates). Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Improved conception rates. 2 Weaning early can result in improved conception rates, provided the calves are weaned during the breeding season. 3 This would require weaning calves at a very young age (calves need to be weaned at 45 to 105 days of age to allow increased conception rates). Early weaned calves can achieve adequate rates of growth if given access to a high quality ration. By the time calves are 3 to 4 months of age, they are consuming significant amounts of forage. At 6 to 7 months of age, calves will consume approximately half the amount of forage as a mature cow.", "1 Calves are ideally weaned when they are 7 to 8 months old. 2 The right time to wean a calf depends on the condition of the cow and not the age of the calf. 3 Calves should be weaned before the condition score of the cow falls below 2,5 if adequate winter feed is available and the cows maintain their condition. ", "Early weaning for the purpose of improving fertility of first calf heifers can be done when the calves are 35 to 60 days of age. Clemson University studies have shown that 81 percent of the heifers whose calves were weaned at 56 days of age calved within the first 30 days of the subsequent calving season. ", "In a severe drought calves can be weaned as early as six weeks if they are placed on a high protein (18 per cent) concentrate diet and carefully managed. Weaning at this stage will conserve the body condition of the cows, stimulate oestrus activity, ovulation and ensure reasonable conception rates at joining. Calves are generally weaned between 8-10 months of age. The actual age depends on several factors: 1 Feed availability-cows can continue lactation without losing condition in good years, but early weaning should be considered in drier years.", "In the hypothetical example given above with early weaned cows grazing the pasture for an additional 29 days, you can put a value on early weaning. One approach would be to calculate feed savings for the additional $29 days of grazing. If it cost $1.00/day to feed a cow hay, the value would be $29/head. However, if you have a marketable sized early-weaned calf to sell, returns at weaning may not be much different than that of normal weaning. If you are retaining ownership on calves, it may advantageous to not early wean unless you can benefit from extended grazing and/or improved cow body condition score.", "Some people feed the calves while others just wean them on pasture. Calves 4-5 months of age transition better, as they’re used to eating forage. Younger calves are trickier, but if you can meet the nutrient requirements of calves just 2-3 months old, they can be successfully weaned that young, Lardy adds. “If markets are good, some people sell 350- to 400-lb. calves as lightweight stockers early in the season. By weaning their calves early, nutrients are freed up for heifers to complete growth and have a healthy pregnancy,” Lardy says. Trey Patterson, chief operations officer for Padlock Ranch, Ranchester, WY, says they sometimes wean calves as early as four months old, mainly on first-calf heifers, but sometimes cows." ], "url": [ "http://extension.psu.edu/animals/dairy/nutrition/calves/feeding/early-weaning-strategies", "http://extension.oregonstate.edu/douglas/sites/default/files/documents/lf/WeaningLF0503.pdf", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/drought/feeds-and-feeding/early-weaning-beef-calves", "http://www.nda.agric.za/docs/weaning/weaning.htm", "http://gpvec.unl.edu/HeatDrought/EarlyWeaning/EarlyWeanCalvesG83-655-A.htm", "http://gpvec.unl.edu/HeatDrought/EarlyWeaning/Weaning%20beef%20calves.htm", "http://beef.unl.edu/beefreports/symp-2007-11-xx.shtml", "http://beefmagazine.com/calving/specialists-provide-advice-early-weaning-calves" ] }

[ "1 Calves are ideally weaned when they are 7 to 8 months old. 2 The right time to wean a calf depends on the condition of the cow and not the age of the calf. 3 Calves should be weaned before the condition score of the cow falls below 2,5 if adequate winter feed is available and the cows maintain their condition. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "the average diurnal temperature variation range is 8 1 c 14 6 f the hottest month august is hot having a mean temperature of 27 8 degrees celsius 82 04 degrees fahrenheit the coldest month january is warm having an average temperature of 20 95 degrees celsius 69 71", "average monthly temperatures vary by 6 85 c 12 3 f this indicates that the continentality type is hyperoceanic subtype truly hyperoceanic total annual precipitation averages 1359 2 mm 53 5 inches which is equivalent to 1359 2 litres m 33 34 gallons ft on average there are 2880 hours of sunshine per year", "nassau annual weather averages july is the hottest month in nassau with an average temperature of 28 c 82 f and the coldest is january at 21 c 70 f with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in august the wettest month is july with an average of 220mm of rain", "we provide nassau holiday weather for the next 7 and 14 days the 7 day weather for nassau provides weather information in 3 hourly intervals for each day and our 14 day nassau weather provides weather data in 6 hourly intervals we also provide monthly climate averages", "sunlight in nassau averages 12 hours and 9 minutes a day the shortest days of the year in mid december have 10 hours and 35 minutes of daylight the year s longest days in mid june last 13 42 from sunrise to sunset", "for nassau in january the daily average maximum temperatures is 26 c with the average minimum 18 c while in june the average maximum is 32 c with a minimum of 24 c the wettest month for nassau is june with an average of 267 0mm of precipitation falling while the driest month is january with 63 8mm falling", "still there are a few things that visitors can always expect out of weather in the bahamas cooler temperatures than many other caribbean islands and an average of 310 bright and sunny days a year below you will find a chart that lists the average high and low temperatues of each month of the year", "average temperatures in the bahamas range from 80 to 90 degrees fahrenheit 27 to 32 degrees celsius in the summer to 70 to 80 degrees fahrenheit 21 to 27 degrees celsius in the winter the northern bahamian islands can be even a little cooler", "over the next 7 days the nassau forecast suggests the average daytime maximum temperature will be around 30 c with a high for the week of 32 c expected on the afternoon of thursday 15th the mean minimum temperature will be 28 c dipping to its lowest on the morning of monday 19th at 27 c" ], "url": [ "http://www.bahamas.climatemps.com/temperatures.php", "http://www.bahamas.climatemps.com/", "http://www.holiday-weather.com/nassau/averages/", "http://www.myweather2.com/Holiday-Destinations/Bahamas/Nassau.aspx", "http://www.currentresults.com/Weather/The-Bahamas/Places/nassau-weather-averages.php", "http://www.myweather2.com/Holiday-Destinations/Bahamas/Nassau/climate-profile.aspx", "http://caribya.com/bahamas/weather/temperature/", "http://caribya.com/bahamas/weather/", "http://www.myweather2.com/Holiday-Destinations/Bahamas/Nassau.aspx" ] }

[ "nassau annual weather averages july is the hottest month in nassau with an average temperature of 28 c 82 f and the coldest is january at 21 c 70 f with the most daily sunshine hours at 10 in august the wettest month is july with an average of 220mm of rain" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Generally, law clerks serve a term of one to two years. The first law clerk was hired by Associate Justice Horace Gray in 1882. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Louis Brandeis were the first Supreme Court justices to use recent law school graduates as clerks, rather than hiring a stenographer-secretary.", "Several recent polls show a majority of Americans support term limits for Supreme Court justices, and lawmakers debated the topic at a Senate hearing last week, questioning whether the court had overstepped its bounds with recent decisions. By Emma Baccellieri. McClatchy Washington Bureau (TNS). WASHINGTON — Less than a week after the Supreme Court’s landmark rulings on same-sex marriage and health care, Sen. Ted Cruz came out swinging against the court — proposing a constitutional amendment designed to hold justices accountable through judicial elections every eight years.", "The Supreme Court of Texas. Composed of the Chief Justice and eight Justices, the Supreme Court of Texas is the court of last resort for civil matters in the State of Texas. The Supreme Court is in Austin, next to the State Capitol. The Justices of the Supreme Court are elected to staggered six-year terms in state-wide elections. When a vacancy arises the Governor may appoint a Justice, subject to Senate confirmation, to serve out the remainder of an unexpired term until the next general election.", "The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States. Its membership consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices. The justices are nominated by the President of the United States and appointed after confirmation by the United States Senate. Justices of the Supreme Court have life tenure and receive a salary which is set at $255,500 per year for the chief justice and at $244,400 per year for each associate justice as of 2014. On August 7, 2010, Justice Elena Kagan became the 112th justice to serve on the Court. Congress organized the Court that year with the passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789. It specified the Court's original and appellate jurisdiction, created thirteen judicial districts, and fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).", "Answer: The US Constitution states that once confirmed by the Senate, a justice serves for life. However, they may retire if they wish. They can also be impeached and removed from the court if they do not maintain “good behavior.” Only one Supreme Court Justice has been impeached: Samuel Chase in 1805. ", "The Supreme Court of California consists of the Chief Justice of California and six Associate Justices, each appointed or nominated by the Governor. To learn more about the history of the court and its policies and procedures, download the Supreme Court of California booklet. Current California Supreme Court Justices: ", "Article III judges, including US Supreme Court justices, are appointed for a lifetime. Under Articles I and II, members of Congress and the President are elected for fixed t … erms, and must run for reelection every 2, 4 or 6 years, perpetually or until their term limits are exhausted or they are defeated. No. According to Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, Supreme Court justices remain in office during good behavior, meaning they receive a lifetime commission unless … they commit an impeachable offense. A justice can only be removed from office through the impeachment process.", "The Supreme Court of Georgia seats a total of seven justices-one Chief and six Associates-who are selected by voters in non-partisan elections. The term of office is … six years. The current Chief Justice is Carol W. Hunstein, who was chosen by her peers on the panel. No. According to Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution, Supreme Court justices remain in office during good behavior, meaning they receive a lifetime commission unless … they commit an impeachable offense. A justice can only be removed from office through the impeachment process." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States", "http://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/term-limits-for-us-supreme-court-justices/", "http://www.txcourts.gov/supreme", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States", "http://americanhistory.about.com/od/judicialbranch/f/justices_length.htm", "http://www.courts.ca.gov/3014.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_term_of_office_for_US_Supreme_Court_justices", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_term_of_office_for_US_Supreme_Court_justices" ] }

[ "The Court consists of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight associate justices who are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. Generally, law clerks serve a term of one to two years. The first law clerk was hired by Associate Justice Horace Gray in 1882. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. and Louis Brandeis were the first Supreme Court justices to use recent law school graduates as clerks, rather than hiring a stenographer-secretary." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "1 The US Department of Labor states that the median salary for sports and clinical psychologists falls into the range between $41,850 and $71,880, depending on these factors listed above. 2 Those who choose to teach in a university faculty position can expect an average salary of $55,000. The typical salary for a sports psychologist will vary quite significantly depending on several factors. This includes the level of education, training, experience, and the area in which a sports psychologist chooses to specialize.", "According to the American Psychological Association’s (APA), the salary for sports psychologists can vary significantly. Most experts who are employed in university athletic departments can expect to earn between $60,000 and $80,000 a year, with some annual salaries reaching $100,000. ", "Average sports psychologist salary. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), an average yearly salary for a sports psychologist ranges from between $72,540 to $92,000 per year, while the mean hourly wage for a sports psychologist is around $34.87 per hour.", "Sports psychologists don't earn as much as psychologists with other specialties. The average annual salary for all psychologists was $64,140 as of May 2008, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Outlook Handbook, with half in the profession receiving salaries that range from $48,700 and $82,800. Salaries in the field may range widely, however, with the majority of positions earning between $45,000 and $80,000 annually as of January 2011, according to EduDecisions. The top sports psychologists may receive salaries that range well into the six-figure range if they work primarily with elite athletes.", "Sports psychologists who practice in Chicago receive the highest average annual salary of $84,829 as of January 2011, according to Salary Expert, with those practicing in New York also earning noticeably high average salaries of $84,230. Salaries in the field may range widely, however, with the majority of positions earning between $45,000 and $80,000 annually as of January 2011, according to EduDecisions. The top sports psychologists may receive salaries that range well into the six-figure range if they work primarily with elite athletes.", "Sports psychologist salaries fall on a wide scale, depending on your level of experience, your employer, your location, and a number of other factors. Clinical psychologists and counselors typically make between $41,850 and $71,880, and university faculty/staff members make around $55,000 on average. Average Salary with a Sports Psychologist Degree. As a sports psychologist, you’ll work with players, coaches, and entire teams to held them perform better on the field, deal with injuries and failures, and more.", "The average annual salary for a sports psychologist is $55,000 as of January 2011, according to State University. Salaries in the field may range widely, however, with the majority of positions earning between $45,000 and $80,000 annually as of January 2011, according to EduDecisions. The top sports psychologists may receive salaries that range well into the six-figure range if they work primarily with elite athletes.", "The demand for sports psychologists will be increased by 12% by 2022, which is an average rate of growth when compared to other professions. The average national salary of jobs for Sports Psychologist was $153,000 with a high confidence ranking based on over 250 sources. Average Sports Psychologist salaries for job postings nationwide are 166% higher than average salaries for all job postings nationwide. Average Sports Psychologist salaries for job postings in Arizona are 16% lower than average Sports Psychologist salaries for", "Sports psychologist salary in USA. An average starting hourly wage for a sports psychologist in the United States ranges from between $7.25 – $34 per hour, which averages to an yearly salary of around $23,837 – $99,757 per year. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), an average yearly salary for a sports psychologist ranges from between $72,540 to $92,000 per year, while the mean hourly wage for a sports psychologist is around $34.87 per hour.", "Based on a survey, an average annual salary for the sports psychologist ranges from between $63,000 to $85,000. Majority of the sports psychologists earn a typical salary ranging from between $45,000 to $80,000 per year. The top paid sports psychologists receive a take-home salary of more than $100,000 per year. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), an average yearly salary for a sports psychologist ranges from between $72,540 to $92,000 per year, while the mean hourly wage for a sports psychologist is around $34.87 per hour." ], "url": [ "http://mastersinpsychologyguide.com/articles/salary-outlook-sports-psychology", "http://www.psychologyschoolguide.net/psychology-careers/sports-psychologist/", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/sports-psychologist-salary", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7788510_average-salary-sport-psychologist.html", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7788510_average-salary-sport-psychologist.html", "http://www.sportspsychologydegree.org/average-salary-with-a-sports-psychologist-degree", "http://www.ehow.com/info_7788510_average-salary-sport-psychologist.html", "http://mastersinpsychologyguide.com/careers/sports-psychologist", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/sports-psychologist-salary", "http://www.healthcare-salaries.com/physicians/sports-psychologist-salary" ] }

[ "Based on a survey, an average annual salary for the sports psychologist ranges from between $63,000 to $85,000. Majority of the sports psychologists earn a typical salary ranging from between $45,000 to $80,000 per year. The top paid sports psychologists receive a take-home salary of more than $100,000 per year. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), an average yearly salary for a sports psychologist ranges from between $72,540 to $92,000 per year, while the mean hourly wage for a sports psychologist is around $34.87 per hour." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The pronunciation of bologna, when used to refer the smoked sausage is similar to the pronunciation of baloney. The pronunciation of Bologna, when referring to the town, is very close to the Italian pronunciation, which is /boˈloɲɲa/ (compare it with /laˈzaɲɲa/ for the Italian lasagna). What the answer says is Actually, 'baloney' comes from a pronunciation of the city name.. It doesn't report which pronunciations of the town were used, and it doesn't explain why the pronunciation is different for the town name and for the sausage name. – kiamlaluno Jul 28 '11 at 19:17.", "Baloney is a now much-maligned North American sausage used primarily as an inexpensive cold cut for sandwiches. It is not really known in Europe. Baloney is a lightly-spiced sandwich or luncheon meat that is already cooked and ready to eat. Language Notes. The word Baloney is also used now as a euphemism for saying something is hogwash, bullshit or rubbish. When this meaning is meant, the word is certainly almost always spelt Baloney and not Bologna.", "Sometimes referred to as garlic bologna, this sausage differs from traditional bologna due to various seasonings, most typically garlic being added to the recipe. Although referred to as German bologna elsewhere, it is usually called Fleischwurst in Germany and Extrawurst in Austria. Ring bologna is much smaller in diameter than standard bologna. It is a good size for slicing and putting on crackers as a snack or hors d'oeuvre (as opposed to the sandwich-sized slices of typical bologna). It is generally sold as an entire link rather than sliced.", "The bologna sausage is traditionally made from the “odds and ends” of chicken, turkey, beef, or pork. It is similar to the Italian mortadella, which originated in the Italian city of Bologna. The inexpensive deli meat is often pronounced and spelled “baloney.”. (Go here to learn the exact meaning of the word “deli.”). While Oscar Mayer Americanized bologna, it is enjoyed in different forms throughout the world. In Newfoundland, it is a popular breakfast food called the Newfie Steak", "Bologna sausage, sometimes phonetically spelled as baloney (/bəˈloʊni/), boloney or polony, is a sausage derived from the Italian mortadella, a similar-looking, finely ground pork sausage containing cubes of lard, originally from the Italian city of Bologna, [boˈloɲɲa]. ). Ring bologna is much smaller in diameter than standard bologna. It is a good size for slicing and putting on crackers as a snack or hors d'oeuvre (as opposed to the sandwich-sized slices of typical bologna). It is generally sold as an entire link rather than sliced.", "Bologna comes from Bologna -- Italy, that is. Although if you ask for bologna there, no one will know what you are talking about. What you'll end up with is mortadella, the Italian godfather of American baloney.. Mortadella is a thick Italian sausage, flecked with bits of fat, peppercorns and sometimes pistachios. Mortadella is to bologna as fresh, roasted turkey on Thanksgiving is to sliced turkey lunchmeat.", "Bologna is a cooked, smoked sausage made of cured beef, cured pork or a mixture of the two. The bologna might include choice cuts, depending on who's making it, but usually contains afterthoughts of the meat industry-organs, trimmings, end pieces and so on. A typical recipe uses seasonings such as salt, sugar, pepper and spices, plus a curing agent that includes sodium nitrite to prevent food poisoning." ], "url": [ "http://english.stackexchange.com/questions/35837/why-is-the-word-bologna-pronounced-like-baloney", "http://www.cooksinfo.com/baloney", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_sausage", "http://blog.dictionary.com/baloney-or-bologna/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_sausage", "http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/24/national-bologna-day-what-is-in_n_4151151.html", "http://journaltimes.com/news/local/glad-you-asked-what-is-bologna-made-of-and-how/article_b6c40fab-b294-592f-a4f2-ebdeb79aa528.html" ] }

[ "Baloney is a now much-maligned North American sausage used primarily as an inexpensive cold cut for sandwiches. It is not really known in Europe. Baloney is a lightly-spiced sandwich or luncheon meat that is already cooked and ready to eat. Language Notes. The word Baloney is also used now as a euphemism for saying something is hogwash, bullshit or rubbish. When this meaning is meant, the word is certainly almost always spelt Baloney and not Bologna." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "hanword hwp document converter for microsoft word is a tool which allows you to convert and open hwp files in word as docx files to open and edit a hwp file open a supported microsoft word program choose hwp 5 0 type in file open filter and selec", "this could be the only web page dedicated to explaining the meaning of hwp hwp acronym abbreviation slang word hwp is an acronym abbreviation or slang word that is explained above where the hwp definition is given all a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z other 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 other terms relating to weight cwt", "hwp literally height weight proportionate in fact hwp is an acronym typically used as a euphemism for overweight or obese but not morbidly obese hwp is generally substituted for actual numbers hiding the person s actual weight most people who claim to be hwp are overweight or obese but not super extremely fat", "how to convert an hwp file there are two main ways to attempt to convert an hwp file to another file type open the hwp file in its default program and choose to save the open file as another file format use a file conversion online service or software program to convert the hwp file to another file format how to open an hwp file the easiest way to open an hwp file is to double click on it and let your pc decide which default application should open the file if no program opens the hwp file then you probably don t have an application installed that can view and or edit hwp files", "perhaps you tried to open the hwp file but windows told you that it could not open it before you can open an hwp file assuming it s even a file format that s intended to be viewed or edited you ll need to determine what kind of file the hwp file extension refers to how to open an hwp file the easiest way to open an hwp file is to double click on it and let your pc decide which default application should open the file if no program opens the hwp file then you probably don t have an application installed that can view and or edit hwp files", "nsa no strings attached basically means lets just fuck hwp height weight proportion really means i do not work out i m out of shape but not morbidly obese there is no tire around the belly took me forever to figure that out ", "when people advertise themselves on craigslist for example some use the term or acronym hwp in the description when a person is labelled as hwp or height weight proportion it literally refers to the person s not so fit or healthy physique being hwp is said to mean somebody who is out of shape or chubby but not to the point of extreme obesity for many people who frequent social media sites and other sites like craigslist interacting with other people may start of with details about the other person s looks ", "tip use notepad or another text editor to open the hwp file many files are text only files meaning no matter the file extension a text editor may be able to properly display the file s contents this may or may not be the case with hwp files but it s worth a try how to open an hwp file the easiest way to open an hwp file is to double click on it and let your pc decide which default application should open the file if no program opens the hwp file then you probably don t have an application installed that can view and or edit hwp files" ], "url": [ "http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=36772", "http://www.internetslang.com/HWP.asp", "http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=HWP", "http://pcsupport.about.com/od/fileextensions/f/hwp-file.htm", "http://pcsupport.about.com/od/fileextensions/f/hwp-file.htm", "http://www.craigslist.org/about/best/wdc/398884133.html", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-hwp/", "http://pcsupport.about.com/od/fileextensions/f/hwp-file.htm" ] }

[ "when people advertise themselves on craigslist for example some use the term or acronym hwp in the description when a person is labelled as hwp or height weight proportion it literally refers to the person s not so fit or healthy physique being hwp is said to mean somebody who is out of shape or chubby but not to the point of extreme obesity for many people who frequent social media sites and other sites like craigslist interacting with other people may start of with details about the other person s looks " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Camp Coffee is a brown liquid which consists of water, sugar, 4% caffeine-free coffee essence, and 26% chicory essence. Today Camp is a British icon of nostalgia, as many remember it from their childhoods. It is also popular with home bakers as the flavouring element for coffee-flavoured cake and coffee-flavoured butter cream.", "Most of the content on A History of the World is created by the contributors, who are the museums and members of the public. The views expressed are theirs and unless specifically stated are not those of the BBC or the British Museum. The BBC is not responsible for the content of any external sites referenced. ", "Published on Sep 3, 2012. Coleman 9 cup Coffee Pot-Must Have Prep for anyone who wants to make coffee, tea, or simply boil water to drink when you have no electricity in a power outage. Not only that, it makes a dandy Cup of Joe. lol. -------. Visit my channel page for Jesusfreak PC, and please feel free to subscribe, if you like. ", "Step 2 Add coffee Place the basket and stem in the pot. Add your coffee to the basket. Quick Tip: Use 2 tablespoons of regular-grind coffee for each cup of water in the pot. Step 3 Remove the pot from the fire Wait until the water boils, and then move the pot to the edge of the fire. Allow the coffee to percolate slowly for five to 10 minutes. Step 4 Serve the coffee Remove the basket and discard the grounds. Now pour yourself a cup, and then another. Did You Know: ", "The history of coffee goes at least as far back as the 10th century, with a number of reports and legends surrounding its first use. The native (undomesticated) origin of coffee is thought to have been Ethiopia. The earliest substantiated evidence of either coffee drinking or knowledge of the coffee tree is from the 15th century, in the Sufi monasteries of Yemen. By the 16th century, it had reached the rest of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey, Horn of Africa, and northern Africa. Almost 80% of the country's coffee production is exported. Of that which is exported, 70% is bound for Germany, Russian federation, Spain, Belgium, Slovenia, United States, Japan, Greece, Netherlands and France, and Italy accounts for 29% of the exports.", "The Rehabilitation of Camp Coffee. Though I didn’t know it as a ten-year old in Belfast after the war, controversy surrounded not only the label but the Scottish officer on it. According to an article in the Guardian, Major General Sir Hector McDonald was the model for the Gordon Highlander. ", "How to Make Cowboy Coffee. This entry was posted in Camp Meals Campfire Cooking Camping Tips How-to's and tagged camp coffee campfire coffee camping coffee camping tips cowboy coffee on October 16, 2011 by G.A. Anderson (Gus) . 1 Pour your measured amount of water into the coffee pot, (just the water – no coffee yet), put the pot on the fire and bring the water to a boil. 2 Remove from the fire, let sit 30 or 40 seconds to come off full-boil temperature.", "Camp Coffee is a Scottish food product, which began production in 1876 by Paterson & Sons Ltd. in a plant on Charlotte Street, Glasgow. Today Camp is a British icon of nostalgia, as many remember it from their childhoods. It is also popular with home bakers as the flavouring element for coffee-flavoured cake and coffee-flavoured butter cream.", "Camp Coffee has been made in Scotland since 1885 and was said to have orignated when the Highlanders requested a coffee drink which could be brewed up easily by the army on field campaigns in India. The makers of Camp Coffee have changed the label on their famous jars-after complaints of racism. The makers of the chicory-flavoured essence are now using an image of a Scottish soldier sitting side by side drinking coffee with a turbanned Sikh." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Coffee", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/XG1CiGSCTzqb05nDwIhhjg", "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yp7RMuaPeQ", "http://www.howcast.com/videos/404261-How-to-Use-a-Percolator-Camping-Coffee-Pot/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_coffee", "http://brianedwardsmedia.co.nz/2010/11/the-short-but-fascinating-history-of-camp-coffee/", "http://campingwithgus.com/2011/10/16/cowboy-coffee/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Coffee", "http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-404516/Camp-coffee-forced-change-label-PC-brigade.html" ] }

[ "Camp Coffee is a Scottish food product, which began production in 1876 by Paterson & Sons Ltd. in a plant on Charlotte Street, Glasgow. Today Camp is a British icon of nostalgia, as many remember it from their childhoods. It is also popular with home bakers as the flavouring element for coffee-flavoured cake and coffee-flavoured butter cream." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Pulse Meetings are also beneficial for leaders themselves. Leader Pulse Meetings are essentially Pulse Meetings where the specific topic is deviations from leadership, and where feedback is given on the participants’ leadership. The method is an important instrument enabling a leader to: 1 Continually take the pulse of the operation. 2 Share and receive information quickly. 3 Continually ask employees about ways of working. 4 Quickly ensure that short-term solutions are put in place.", "Leadership team weekly meetings should be scheduled for 90 minutes, while departmental meetings are typically closer to 30 to 60 minutes. In order to be productive, a Weekly Meeting Pulse must meet the following criteria: It must be held on the same day of each week. It must be held at the same time each week. It must use and follow the same agenda each week. It must start and end on time. Teams should aim to spend around 50% of these meetings solving issues. To ensure that you are staying on track and maintaining a pulse on the business, be patient with the Weekly Meeting Pulse process and over time, you’ll see a notable rise in health of your team and improved communication throughout business.", "Follow @TIMEBusiness. As a project manager, you need to actively monitor progress to keep your team on the right path. One way to do that is to hold short pulse meetings where team members share brief status updates on their activities. These can be held face-to-face or virtually. Schedule a separate working session with the appropriate people to resolve the issue. Hold pulse meetings on a weekly basis unless your project is in crisis mode. Then, you’ll need to take the pulse more often. Adapted from Guide to Project Management", "Pulse Meetings are a method of structuring information exchange and decision making where leaders and employees meet and can then act based on frequently and systematically provided information concerning how the operation is going according to plan and what has caused any deviations. The method is an important instrument enabling a leader to: 1 Continually take the pulse of the operation. 2 Share and receive information quickly. 3 Continually ask employees about ways of working. 4 Quickly ensure that short-term solutions are put in place.", "Normally they are only a few minutes in duration. During the meeting, the beginning and completion of project activities is reported. In addition, the status of any activities that are underway is communicated to the rest of the project management team. Issues on any of the ongoing activities are identified, however, the issue resolution occurs at a separate meeting with the appropriate individuals present", "PULSE CHECK is a technique to determine the mood, attitude, temperature, or pulse of your group. It involves asking individuals to articulate their feelings toward a particular issue. This technique should be used to help you feel the pulse of your group on an issue, positive or negative, so that you can use it to the group’s greatest advantage and benefit. When to Use PULSE CHECK. 1 When you want to check how your group feels about a specific issue. 2 When you suspect that there will be low energy and enthusiasm for your meeting. 3 When the group has had negative experiences in the past and you want to stimulate more positive experiences in the futur", "The issue resolution meeting may immediately follow the Pulse meeting, but it is clearly a separate meeting and those project team members who are not needed for issue resolution do not need to attend. During the meeting, the beginning and completion of project activities is reported. In addition, the status of any activities that are underway is communicated to the rest of the project management team.", "Gather pulse ratings from each individual at the meeting. a. Pass out small pieces of paper to all participants and ask them to select a number from one (low) to ten (high) that reflects their expectations for a successful outcome about the issue at hand. Have them write this number on the paper. This technique should be used to help you feel the pulse of your group on an issue, positive or negative, so that you can use it to the group’s greatest advantage and benefit. When to Use PULSE CHECK. 1 When you want to check how your group feels about a specific issue. 2 When you suspect that there will be low energy and enthusiasm for your meeting. 3 When the group has had negative experiences in the past and you want to stimulate more positive experiences in the future" ], "url": [ "http://www.partdevelopment.com/en/leadership/pulse-meetings-and-leader-pulse-meetings/", "http://blog.eosworldwide.com/blog/96348/traction-thoughts/weekly-meeting-pulse-managing-heartbeat-business/", "http://business.time.com/2012/05/09/use-pulse-meetings-to-track-projects/", "http://www.partdevelopment.com/en/leadership/pulse-meetings-and-leader-pulse-meetings/", "http://www.projectmanagement.com/wikis/293295/Pulse-Meeting", "http://www.avasbutler.com/20-techniques-to-improve-meeting-productivity-4-of-20-pulse-check/", "http://www.projectmanagement.com/wikis/293295/Pulse-Meeting", "http://www.avasbutler.com/20-techniques-to-improve-meeting-productivity-4-of-20-pulse-check/" ] }

[ "Pulse Meetings are a method of structuring information exchange and decision making where leaders and employees meet and can then act based on frequently and systematically provided information concerning how the operation is going according to plan and what has caused any deviations. The method is an important instrument enabling a leader to: 1 Continually take the pulse of the operation. 2 Share and receive information quickly. 3 Continually ask employees about ways of working. 4 Quickly ensure that short-term solutions are put in place." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Architectural shingles are a premium grade of asphalt shingle roofing. The shingles are thicker and have a distinctive, textured appearance. They are sometimes called dimensional or laminate shingles, and were introduced in the 1970s in an effort by manufacturers to create a higher-end product. Regular roof shingles are called “3-tab” in the trade, for the 3 tab/flaps with quarter-inch grooves between them in each panel. They run in flat, even rows as opposed to the textured and layered look of architectural shingles", "At any rate it is up to you to decide what type of roof you would like to put on your home. Every shingle manufacturer in the USA is an asphalt composition roofing shingle. All Asphalt fiberglass composition shingles come with a 20 year to lifetime warranty and anything in between. Back in 1989 when I installed my first asphalt shingle there was many changes in the roofing manufacture sector. The end result was down-sizing the weight to accommodate a more flexible shingle. The old shingles in the USA were known as Asphalt roofing shingles or a standard strip 3-tab shingles.", "Many homeowners are unsure whether they should choose laminated architectural shingles or 3-tab composition asphalt shingles when they go for a roof replacement or build a new roof. The truth is that there are a number of advantages to both. Reply! is a great source for finding a qualified roofer to install roofing for your next project or to provide a roofing estimate. Most roofing professionals prefer one or the other when it comes to 3-tab composition asphalt shingles and laminated architectural shingles.", "Analyzing the differences between laminated architectural and 3-tab composition shingles. Many homeowners are unsure whether they should choose laminated architectural shingles or 3-tab composition asphalt shingles when they go for a roof replacement or build a new roof. The truth is that there are a number of advantages to both.", "Asphalt shingles have been a popular roofing choice for several years due to their cost and relatively simple installation. They are comprised of a paper or fiberglass mat coated with asphalt. Composition or composite shingles are a newer product gaining in popularity. A variety of materials goes into their manufacture. The combination of these materials allows for a stronger and more durable shingle. Fiberglass asphalt shingles contain a mat made of fiberglass with a layer of asphalt added on top. Composition shingles are made from materials such as asphalt or asbestos, tar paper, slate, shake, laminate and wood.", "From: www.reliableremodeler.com. Fiberglass composite shingles are actually a type of asphalt shingle. A fiberglass shingle has an outer layer composed of an asphalt composition, and the underneath part of the shingle, which is against the roofing felt on the roof sheathing, is made of a fiberglass matting. Their main difference is their weight. Fiberglass shingle is a little lighter than the asphalt shingle and it matters a lot to your roofing contractor. Heavy shingle is harder to install because of the its weight. Fiberglass shingles are also fire retardant than asphalt shingles.", "Hi Glorya, fiberglass composite shingles are actually a type of asphalt shingle. A fiberglass shingle has an outer layer composed of an asphalt composition, and the underneath part of the shingle, which is against the roofing felt on the roof sheathing, is made of a fiberglass matting.", "There are a number of differences between the two types, including differences in performance and appearance. shingles are also sometimes referred to as laminated architectural shingles, or as dimensional or composite shingles. Reply! is a great source for finding a qualified roofer to install roofing for your next project or to provide a roofing estimate. Most roofing professionals prefer one or the other when it comes to 3-tab composition asphalt shingles and laminated architectural shingles.", "The terms asphalt shingle and composition shingle are general terms for the same thing. The term composition is used because the shingles are a composite product made from either a fiberglass or a cellulose mat, and asphalt and minerals, as opposed to a single material, such as wood shingles or clay tiles.", "At any rate it is up to you to decide what type of roof you would like to put on your home. Every shingle manufacturer in the USA is an asphalt composition roofing shingle. All Asphalt fiberglass composition shingles come with a 20 year to lifetime warranty and anything in between. The end result was down-sizing the weight to accommodate a more flexible shingle. The old shingles in the USA were known as Asphalt roofing shingles or a standard strip 3-tab shingles." ], "url": [ "http://www.mcgarryandmadsen.com/inspection/Blog/Entries/2012/8/10_Whats_the_difference_between_an_%22architectural%22_and_a_regular_shingle_roof.html", "http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Difference-Between-Asphalt-Shingles-and-a-Composition-Roof&id=5865695", "http://www.qualitysmith.com/request/article/compare-laminated-architectural-and-3-tab-composition-asphalt-shingles/", "http://southernprorestoration.com/laminated-architectural-vs-3-tab-composition-asphalt-shingles/", "http://www.ehow.com/about_6692417_difference-between-asphalt-composition-shingles_.html", "http://www.advancedroofmanagement.net/2011/05/test-post-number-3.html", "http://www.reliableremodeler.com/ask/difference-between-composite-fiberglass-shingles-and-asphalt-roofing-shingles/", "http://www.qualitysmith.com/request/article/compare-laminated-architectural-and-3-tab-composition-asphalt-shingles/", "http://www.nachi.org/asphalt-comp-shingles-part1-55.htm", "http://www.roofersofli.com/the-difference-between-asphalt-shingles-and-a-composition-roof/" ] }

[ "The terms asphalt shingle and composition shingle are general terms for the same thing. The term composition is used because the shingles are a composite product made from either a fiberglass or a cellulose mat, and asphalt and minerals, as opposed to a single material, such as wood shingles or clay tiles." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The cost of living in Florida can vary widely depending on the area you choose to move to, as does the style of living and major attractions. It is also a hub of international trade, mostly through South and Latin America, and it manages to remain one of the top destinations in the world for travelers. According to the US Census Bureau, Florida's average 2007 rent of $925 per month was over 15 percent higher than the country's average. However, in 2010, the average home price of $175,700 was slightly less than the country's average of $185,700. In-Depth Report.", "Before you talk to moving companies, find out how much your move will cost. Enter in your information to the left, and we'll give you an estimate of how much truck rental, full service moving, and self service moving will cost. You can also get free multiple moving quotes. This moving cost calculator is intended to provide a range of moving estimates that you might receive from moving companies. It's JUST an estimated range. There are many factors that go into how much a moving company will charge for your move.", "Longer move, higher price tag. To get an idea of moving costs, consider these examples: The fee for moving an average 1,000-square-foot, 3-bedroom apartment (goods weighing 5,500 pounds) from Chicago to Miami would be approximately $4,400 to $4,900. The same 1,400-mile move for a 2,800-square-foot, 4-bedroom household (20,500 pounds) would likely cost $14,600 to $15,600. Same distance, different loads. According to U.S. Census statistics, 19 million American households pack up and move each year. In 2010, Worldwide ERC, the Worldwide Relocation Association, reported the average professional household move cost $12,230.", "Cost of Living in Florida. While it's not one of the 10 most expensive states, Florida has a higher cost of living than the average for the country. According to the US Census Bureau, Florida's average 2007 rent of $925 per month was over 15 percent higher than the country's average. However, in 2010, the average home price of $175,700 was slightly less than the country's average of $185,700. It's important to take the recent housing crisis into account when thinking about cost of living in Florida. In 2005, Florida housing prices exceeded the national average by more than 35 percent.", "About 1000 people move to Florida every day. That means a lot of new drivers showing up at the local DMV offices. But depending on where you are moving from your out-of-state drivers license may not count as primary identification and Florida will impose stricter ID requirements. ", "1 If you’re moving out of a 3-bedroom apartment or house (roughly 2000 square feet), expect to pay $800-$900 for a local moving crew of 4 members who manage to finish the local move in about 8-9 hours. 2 If your home is larger than the above examples, then the moving price can go up significantly. You may also be charged for packing materials. Make sure you keep this in mind when you speak with them to estimate moving costs. The average cost of movers for 2 men and a truck is between $90 and $120 per hour. If you decide to hire movers for labor only (without a moving truck), the professionals will charge about $60 to $80 per hour of labor. You can use our local moving cost calculator form on the top of the page as a cost estimator about the entire move", "If you’re considering a residential move to Florida from Manhattan in New York City, For example, choose All Around Moving as your one-stop source for residential furniture moving services. When planning on moving to Florida, let All Around Moving arrange professional and skilled movers for your residential furniture move, providing you with a clear-and-concise estimate, which breaks down how much the residential moving services will cost.", "Cost of Living. While it's not one of the 10 most expensive states, Florida has a higher cost of living than the average for the country. According to the US Census Bureau, Florida's average 2007 rent of $925 per month was over 15 percent higher than the country's average. However, in 2010, the average home price of $175,700 was slightly less than the country's average of $185,700. In-Depth Report." ], "url": [ "http://www.mymove.com/guide/moving-to-florida.html", "http://www.movingguru.com/movingcostcalculator", "http://www.zillow.com/blog/how-much-will-you-pay-to-move-91663/", "http://www.mymove.com/guide/moving-to-florida/cost-of-living.html", "http://www.dmvflorida.org/out-of-state-drivers.shtml", "http://www.mymovingreviews.com/move/how-much-does-it-cost-to-hire-movers", "http://www.allaroundmoving.com/moving-to-florida.php", "http://www.mymove.com/guide/moving-to-florida.html" ] }

[ "1 If you’re moving out of a 3-bedroom apartment or house (roughly 2000 square feet), expect to pay $800-$900 for a local moving crew of 4 members who manage to finish the local move in about 8-9 hours. 2 If your home is larger than the above examples, then the moving price can go up significantly. You may also be charged for packing materials. Make sure you keep this in mind when you speak with them to estimate moving costs. The average cost of movers for 2 men and a truck is between $90 and $120 per hour. If you decide to hire movers for labor only (without a moving truck), the professionals will charge about $60 to $80 per hour of labor. You can use our local moving cost calculator form on the top of the page as a cost estimator about the entire move" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The salary of a nurse practitioner depends on the area of specialization, location, years of experience, level of education, and size of company. Currently, the annual average earning for a nurse practitioner in the U.S. is $106,255. ", "Nurses with 10 to 19 years of neonatal nursing experience earn high annual salaries, averaging between $80,901 and $104,313 per year. The most experienced neonatal nurse practitioners, 20 or more years of work experience, on average earn more than $111,000 per year. When contemplating a career in nursing, one of the factors that should be considered is that of a nurse’s salary and benefits. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for a registered nurse in 2013 was approximately $65,470.", "The average annual salary of a nurse practitioner is $97,990 according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics as of May 2014. Most earn between $82,720 and $113,470, though the top 10% of wage earners made around $131,050. Nurse practitioners must first earn a bachelor’s degree in nursing (BSN) from an accredited training program. This takes about four years of full-time study and requires both classroom and clinical learning.", "A: The answer to the question on how to become a nurse practitioner in 2 years needs explanation. Students can complete their certification in Nursing in 2 years from a community college and 4 years from a state school. A: In order to become a nurse practitioner, one must first acquire a nursing degree. You can opt for ADN, LPN or bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN) from a state approved school. After completing a nursing program, candidates must take the licensing examination in their state.", "A: In order to become a nurse, you must complete a 2 year associate's or 4 years bachelor's degree program in nursing. Upon graduation, you should obtain an RN certification and pursue a specialization through an accredited MSN degree program. A: In order to become a nurse practitioner, one must first acquire a nursing degree. You can opt for ADN, LPN or bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN) from a state approved school. After completing a nursing program, candidates must take the licensing examination in their state.", "More experienced nephrology nurses, with 10 to 20 years in nephrology nursing, earn median salaries of more than $77,000 per year. During 2010, those with 20 or more years of work experience earned annual median annual salaries of $80,200. When contemplating a career in nursing, one of the factors that should be considered is that of a nurse’s salary and benefits. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for a registered nurse in 2013 was approximately $65,470.", "A: To become a nurse practitioner at the quickest, you can take up the certificate of nursing which is a one year program and the shortest to get nursing education. Certificate in nursing allows students to be able to practice and have introductory level knowledge and skills in the field of nursing. A: In order to become a nurse practitioner, one must first acquire a nursing degree. You can opt for ADN, LPN or bachelor's degree in nursing (BSN) from a state approved school. After completing a nursing program, candidates must take the licensing examination in their state.", "Nurse practitioners specializing in general nursing care or family medicine, or those working at hospitals, earn annual salaries averaging between $70,234 and $90,639 per year. These professionals typically have one to nine years of work relevant experience. When contemplating a career in nursing, one of the factors that should be considered is that of a nurse’s salary and benefits. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for a registered nurse in 2013 was approximately $65,470.", "Clinical nurse specialists earned average wages of $76,000 per year, while nurse practitioners earned $78,000 as of December 2010, according to Scrubsmag.com. The average salary for certified nurse-midwives was $84,000, and nurse anesthetists topped the pay chart at $135,000 per year. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported more than 2.7 million jobs for registered nurses as of May 2011, and another 729,140 jobs for licensed practical or vocational nurses. The experience required to be a nurse varies based on the candidate's educational pathway and the type of nursing profession she is pursuing.", "For example the median expected annual pay for a typical Nurse Practitioner in the United States is $97,688, so 50% of the people who perform the job of Nurse Practitioner in the United States are expected to make less than $97,688. Source: HR Reported data as of October 2015. 1 Salary. 2 Salary + Bonus. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurse_practitioner", "http://www.collegeatlas.org/nurse-salaries.html", "http://www.innerbody.com/careers-in-health/how-to-become-a-nurse-practitioner.html", "http://www.excite.com/education/nursing/careers/how-to-become-a-nurse-practitioner", "http://www.excite.com/education/nursing/careers/how-to-become-a-nurse-practitioner", "http://www.collegeatlas.org/nurse-salaries.html", "http://www.excite.com/education/nursing/careers/how-to-become-a-nurse-practitioner", "http://www.collegeatlas.org/nurse-salaries.html", "http://work.chron.com/experience-need-nurse-7187.html", "http://www1.salary.com/Nurse-Practitioner-Salary.html" ] }

[ "Nurse practitioners specializing in general nursing care or family medicine, or those working at hospitals, earn annual salaries averaging between $70,234 and $90,639 per year. These professionals typically have one to nine years of work relevant experience. When contemplating a career in nursing, one of the factors that should be considered is that of a nurse’s salary and benefits. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median annual wage for a registered nurse in 2013 was approximately $65,470." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Two views on using the Rorschach test for diagnosing schizophrenia: The Rorschach Test in Clinical Diagnosis: A Critical Review. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Mar;56(3):395-430; discussion 431-4. Let's Call the Whole Thing Off-A Response to Dawes 2001. The Scientific American article points out that the Rorschach test (along with the similar TAT assessment) has both a low scoring validity and low reliability. Scoring validity errors often come from the subjective assessments of the professionals who administer the test.", "1 Psychological testing can also be used to further explore the symptoms of schizophrenia. 2 These tests can include cognitive testing, personality testing, and open-ended or projective testing such as the Rorschach (inkblot) test. 1 Generally, laboratory results and imaging studies available to most doctors are normal in schizophrenia. 2 If the person has a particular behavior as part of a mental disorder, such as drinking too much water, then this might show as a metabolic abnormality in the person's laboratory results.", "Some scoring methods for the Rorschach elicit information on symptoms related to depression, schizophrenia, and anxiety disorders. Also, the test can be used to screen for coping deficits related to developmental problems in children and adolescents. The Rorschach technique, sometimes known as the Rorschach test or the inkblot test, is a projective personality assessment based on the test taker's reactions to a series of 10 inkblot pictures.", "The Rorschach Inkblot Test is a projective psychological test consisting of 10 inkblots printed on cards (five in black and white, five in color) created in 1921 with the publication of Psychodiagnostik by Hermann Rorschach. During the 1940s and 1950s, the test was synonymous with clinical psychology. The Rorschach Inkblot test was not originally intended to be a projective measure of personality. Instead, it was meant to produce a profile of people with schizophrenia (or other mental disorders) based upon score frequencies. Rorschach himself was skeptical of his test being used as a projective measure.", "Schizophrenia Diagnosis. A recent article in the April issue of Scientific American challenges the validity of the Rorschach inkblot test, a classical psychological assessment tool, as a definitive way to diagnose mental illness. The Scientific American article points out that the Rorschach test (along with the similar TAT assessment) has both a low scoring validity and low reliability. Scoring validity errors often come from the subjective assessments of the professionals who administer the test.", "Wood and Garb showed that, in addition to reliably predicting schizophrenia, certain Rorschach scores correlated with traits such as intelligence, dependency, and disordered thinking, and that the test shows some promise in aiding psychological research. The test itself consists of 10 cards with bilaterally symmetrical images, five black and white, and five with color. To call the images 'inkblots' is not quite accurate – Rorschach carefully drew each one, with the specific aim of diagnosing schizophrenia.", "[The Rorschach test in the diagnosis of schizophrenia]. [Article in Polish]. Zaniecka M, Rybakowski J. Rorschach test was performed in 20 schizophrenics and 20 patients with endogenous depression. The results were interpreted according to Piotrowski system by using the computer elaboration of data.", "The Rorschach test (/ˈrɔrʃɑːk/ or /ˈrɔərʃɑːk/ , [ˈʀoːɐ̯ʃax] ; also known as the Rorschach inkblot test, the Rorschach technique, or simply the inkblot test) is a psychological test in which subjects' perceptions of inkblots are recorded and then analyzed using psychological interpretation, complex algorithms, or both. The Exner scoring system, also known as the Rorschach Comprehensive System (RCS), is the standard method for interpreting the Rorschach test. It was developed in the 1960s by Dr. John E. Exner, as a more rigorous system of analysis.", "The Rorschach Test is a projective psychological test developed in 1921 to measure thought disorder. It was developed from the observation that schizophrenia patients often interpret ambiguous images in very unusual ways. In the test, the participant is shown a series of ten ink blot cards and directed to respond to each with what the inkblot looks like.", "Rorschach himself never intended the inkblots to be used as a general personality test, but developed them as a tool for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. It wasn't until 1939 that the test was used as a projective test of personality, a use of which Rorschach had always been sceptical. The Rorschach test (Template:IPA-de; also known as the Rorschach inkblot test, the Rorschach technique, or simply the inkblot test) is a projective personality measure test used in personality assessment." ], "url": [ "http://schizophrenia.com/sznews/archives/001669.html", "http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/guide/schizophrenia-exams-and-tests", "http://www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Rorschach-technique.html", "http://psychcentral.com/lib/rorschach-inkblot-test/", "http://schizophrenia.com/sznews/archives/001669.html", "http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2013/1108/Do-shrinks-still-use-Hermann-Rorschach-s-inkblot-test-Should-they", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2631129", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rorschach_test", "http://personality-testing.info/tests/HEMCR.php", "http://psychology.wikia.com/wiki/Rorschach_test" ] }

[ "Two views on using the Rorschach test for diagnosing schizophrenia: The Rorschach Test in Clinical Diagnosis: A Critical Review. J Clin Psychol. 2000 Mar;56(3):395-430; discussion 431-4. Let's Call the Whole Thing Off-A Response to Dawes 2001. The Scientific American article points out that the Rorschach test (along with the similar TAT assessment) has both a low scoring validity and low reliability. Scoring validity errors often come from the subjective assessments of the professionals who administer the test." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The Unified Modeling Language (UML). “UML is an industry standard modeling language with a rich graphical notation, and comprehensive set of diagrams and elements. A comprehensive UML modeling tool like Enterprise Architect is the ideal way to take control of your software or business project now!”. The UML is a tool for specifying software systems. Standardized diagram types to help you describe and visually map a software system's design and structure. Using UML it is possible to model just about any kind of application, both specifically and independently of a target platform.", "In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure diagram that describes the structure of a system by showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and the relationships among objects. ", "USES OF UNIFIED MODELING LANGUAGE: UML is used for system design. Since UML uses visual depictions of software in the system design, it makes communication simpler and tasks easier to execute. Unified Modeling Language uses diagrams to create these visual descriptions called Use Case Diagrams. UML is basically a graphical modeling language. It can be a standardized tool for system design. The great part of Unified Modeling Language is that it can be used across all stages of the SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) and later while being implemented in the real world and for the maintenance purposes too.", "UML Tutorial. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) has quickly become the de-facto standard for building Object-Oriented software. This tutorial provides a technical overview of the 13 UML diagrams supported by Enterprise Architect. UML 2 semantics are explained in detail in the new UML 2.0 tutorial. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a graphical language for visualizing, specifying, constructing, and documenting the artifacts of a software-intensive system.", "UML is a common language for business analysts, software architects and developers used to describe, specify, design, and document existing or new business processes, structure and behavior of artifacts of software systems. UML is a standard modeling language, not a software development process. UML 1.4.2 Specification explained that process: 1 provides guidance as to the order of a team’s activities, 2 specifies what artifacts should be developed,", "UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. It is a tool used for constructing, specifying, visualizing, and documenting software systems. At present, UML has become the industry standard for software design and modeling. UML is also recognized to be very important in the development of software processes and object-oriented", "UML is very useful in managing large and complex systems. It also has a clear and visible structure enabling new people to easily join an existing project. UML designs provide ready-to-use modeling language and provide specialization and extensibility mechanisms for core concepts. At present, UML has become the industry standard for software design and modeling. UML is also recognized to be very important in the development of software processes and object-oriented software systems.", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. UML logo. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering, that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system. The most prominent example of a Layer 2 Meta-Object Facility model is the UML metamodel, the model that describes the UML itself. These M2-models describe elements of the M1-layer, and thus M1-models. These would be, for example, models written in UML. The last layer is the M0-layer or data layer.", "To understand UML, we need to first reference the organization that is responsible for bringing this language together and agreeing on a standard for laying out a way to visualize complex systems and their requirements. The Object Management Group (OMG) is the group of professionals that does this. The OMG defines the purpose of the UML as follows: The objective of UML is to provide system architects, software engineers, and software developers with tools for analysis, design, and implementation of software-based systems as well as for modeling business and similar processes." ], "url": [ "http://www.sparxsystems.com/platforms/uml.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_diagram", "http://businessanalystfaq.com/whatis-uml-explain.htm", "http://www.sparxsystems.com/uml-tutorial.html", "http://www.uml-diagrams.org/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-uml/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-uml/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language", "https://www.lucidchart.com/pages/uml/what-is-uml" ] }

[ "UML is a common language for business analysts, software architects and developers used to describe, specify, design, and document existing or new business processes, structure and behavior of artifacts of software systems. UML is a standard modeling language, not a software development process. UML 1.4.2 Specification explained that process: 1 provides guidance as to the order of a team’s activities, 2 specifies what artifacts should be developed," ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "A corner cube, also known as a retroreflector, is an optical component with the unique ability to return an incoming beam of light directly towards its point of origin regardless of the beam’s angle of entry. ", "The Apollo 15 Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector. The Apollo 15 Lunar Laser Ranging RetroReflector (LRRR) array is one of four such working arrays on the surface of the Moon. As the largest (105 x 65 cm in size) it serves as the primary target for laser ranging to the Moon. The Apollo 15 array is one of four usable such arrays on the Moon. The others are at the Apollo 11 and Apollo 14 sites, and on the Lunokhod 2 rover. A portion of the Apollo 15 lunar laser ranging retroreflector array, as placed on the Moon and photographed by D. Scott.", "A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. An alternative form of the cat's eye retroreflector uses a normal lens focused onto a curved mirror rather than a transparent sphere, though this type is much more limited in the range of incident angles over which it retroreflects.", "A retroreflector reflects incoming light and directs it back to its source. The light is reflected parallel to the direction it came from, but in the completely opposite direction. Common types include the corner cube retroreflector, which can send light back long distances and is useful on highways. Other common types are mirrors, paints, tapes, and retroreflective arrays, such as those that have been placed on the moon or satellites", "Definition of RETROREFLECTOR. : a device that reflects radiation (as light) so that the paths of the reflected rays are parallel to those of the incident rays. ADVERTISEMENT. Next Word in the Dictionary: retro–rocket Previous Word in the Dictionary: retroreflection All Words Near: retroreflector. ADVERTISEMENT", "A retroreflector is an optical device that returns an oncoming beam of light back to its source. It can be as simple as a tiny glass sphere or a type of prism formed from glass or plastic. ", "The term cat's eye derives from the resemblance of the cat's eye retroreflector to the optical system that produces the well-known phenomenon of glowing eyes or eyeshine in cats and other vertebrates (which are only reflecting light, rather than actually glowing). An alternative form of the cat's eye retroreflector uses a normal lens focused onto a curved mirror rather than a transparent sphere, though this type is much more limited in the range of incident angles over which it retroreflects.", "In a retroreflector an electromagnetic wavefront is reflected back along a vector that is parallel to but opposite in direction from the wave's source. An alternative form of the cat's eye retroreflector uses a normal lens focused onto a curved mirror rather than a transparent sphere, though this type is much more limited in the range of incident angles over which it retroreflects.", "Science Experiments-Laser Ranging Retroreflector. The Laser Ranging Retroreflector experiment was deployed on Apollo 11, 14, and 15. It consists of a series of corner-cube reflectors, which are a special type of mirror with the property of always reflecting an incoming light beam back in the direction it came from. The Laser Ranging Retroreflector experiment has produced many important measurements. These include an improved knowledge of the Moon's orbit and the rate at which the Moon is receding from Earth (currently 3.8 centimeters per year) and of variations in the rotation of the Moon." ], "url": [ "http://www.precisionoptical.com/corner-cube-prism.php/", "http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/LRO/multimedia/lroimages/lroc-20100413-apollo15-LRRR.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-a-retroreflector.htm", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retroreflector", "http://makezine.com/projects/make-35/how-to-make-and-use-retroreflectors/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroreflector", "http://www.lpi.usra.edu/lunar/missions/apollo/apollo_11/experiments/lrr/" ] }

[ "A retroreflector (sometimes called a retroflector or cataphote) is a device or surface that reflects light back to its source with a minimum of scattering. An alternative form of the cat's eye retroreflector uses a normal lens focused onto a curved mirror rather than a transparent sphere, though this type is much more limited in the range of incident angles over which it retroreflects." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "At common law, a seller, and correspondingly, a seller’s agent, must disclose all known material latent defects. A latent defect is one that is not visible upon ordinary inspection, but which materially affects the property’s use or value. On the other hand, a patent defect is one that is readily visible and/or obvious upon ordinary inspection. A patent defect may also materially affect the property’s use or value", "Commerce and Trade; Chapter 92. Year 2000 Computer Date Change] the term material defect means “a defect in any item, whether tangible or intangible, or in the provision of a service, that substantially prevents the item or service from operating or functioning as designed or according to its specifications. The term material defect does not include a defect that--. (A) has an insignificant or de minimis effect on the operation or functioning of an item or computer program; (B) affects only a component of an item or program that, as a whole, substantially operates or functions as designed; or.", "1 A material defect is one which is both observed and deemed by the inspector to pose a safety risk or jeopardize a real estate transaction some material defects do one and not the other, but many do both. 2 We've presented some photos below that may challenge your assumptions. 1 It is the inspector's own experience and judgment that enable him/her to make the ultimate decision to call out a defect as material, which is why there is no specific photo or lengthy checklist that can teach or tell the inspector what constitutes one (although we've made an effort for purposes of this article).", "1 A material defect must be reported based on what is observed by the inspector. 2 Those not observed or discovered cannot be reported, even though they may adversely impact the value of the property or pose an unreasonable risk to people. 1 It is the inspector's own experience and judgment that enable him/her to make the ultimate decision to call out a defect as material, which is why there is no specific photo or lengthy checklist that can teach or tell the inspector what constitutes one (although we've made an effort for purposes of this article).", "While laws covering full disclosure and what constitutes a “material defect” may vary from state to state, the seller is typically obliged to inform the buyer of any defects that may cause injury or that would affect the buyer’s decisions to purchase the home or not. The seller is basically required to disclose material, substantial defects that would affect the buyer’s decision to purchase the property. If a real estate broker or agent are representing the seller, the real estate professional will also have a duty to disclose defects.", "A material defect is a specific issue with a system or component of a residential property that may have a significant, adverse impact on the value of the property, or that poses an unreasonable risk to people. 1 It is the inspector's own experience and judgment that enable him/her to make the ultimate decision to call out a defect as material, which is why there is no specific photo or lengthy checklist that can teach or tell the inspector what constitutes one (although we've made an effort for purposes of this article).", "1 Don't confuse your duty with the definition. 2 A material defect must be reported based on what is observed by the inspector. 3 Those not observed or discovered cannot be reported, even though they may adversely impact the value of the property or pose an unreasonable risk to people. 1 It is the inspector's own experience and judgment that enable him/her to make the ultimate decision to call out a defect as material, which is why there is no specific photo or lengthy checklist that can teach or tell the inspector what constitutes one (although we've made an effort for purposes of this article).", "Material Defect. Any defect in a specific property that could either affect a buyer’s decision to purchase it or affect the property’s value, such as a cracked foundation. Share/Bookmark.", "Read it, because it will help you decide what kinds of problems you must disclose. Do not forget a material latent defect may be more than a physical defect in the property. It is not possible to list every type of material latent defect, but they include defects that: 1 make a property dangerous or potentially dangerous. 2 make a property unfit to live in. 3 make a property unfit for the buyer’s purpose (if the buyer has told their industry member or the seller’s industry member the purpose). " ], "url": [ "http://www.recbc.ca/psm/disclosure-of-material-latent-defects/", "http://definitions.uslegal.com/m/material-defect/", "http://www.nachi.org/material-defects-for-home-inspectors.htm", "http://www.nachi.org/material-defects-for-home-inspectors.htm", "http://www.legalmatch.com/law-library/article/disclosing-defects-when-selling-a-home.html", "http://www.nachi.org/material-defects-for-home-inspectors.htm", "http://www.nachi.org/material-defects-for-home-inspectors.htm", "http://real-estate-dictionary.com/material-defect", "https://www.reca.ca/industry/legislation/information-bulletins/material-latent-defects.htm" ] }

[ "A material defect is a specific issue with a system or component of a residential property that may have a significant, adverse impact on the value of the property, or that poses an unreasonable risk to people. 1 It is the inspector's own experience and judgment that enable him/her to make the ultimate decision to call out a defect as material, which is why there is no specific photo or lengthy checklist that can teach or tell the inspector what constitutes one (although we've made an effort for purposes of this article)." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Insulin (from the Latin, insula meaning island) is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells in the pancreas. It regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats by promoting the absorption of glucose from the blood to skeletal muscles and fat tissue and by causing fat to be stored rather than used for energy. Insulin is produced in the pancreas and released when any of several stimuli are detected. These stimuli include ingested protein and glucose in the blood produced from digested food. Carbohydrates can be polymers of simple sugars or the simple sugars themselves.", "Continue ReadingPatient Guide to Insulin: About Diabetes. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia). ", "Best Answer: Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Lagerhans lying interspersed in the pancreatic follicles. Insulin controls blood sugar level. It brings down the blood sugar level by letting body cells to absorb. Deficiency of insulin causes diabetes mellitus. Insulin is produced in/by the pancreas. What insulin does, is it helps to regulate your blood glucose--the sugar level in your blood, from the foods/beverages you consume daily.", "Insulin is a hormone made by an organ located behind the stomach called the pancreas. Here, insulin is released into the bloodstream by specialised cells called beta-cells found in areas of the pancreas called islets of Langerhans (the term insulin comes from the Latin insula meaning island). ", "Confidence votes 2.4K. Insulin is produced by the beta cells of the islets of Lagerhans, which lie interspersed in the pancreatic follicles. In layman's terms, that means it's produced in the pancreas. In the human body, the organ called the pancreas releases insulin. Insulin is produced in the pacreas by the Islets of Langerhans. For high blood sugars (above 120 or so) insulin is secreted. ", "Background. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is required for the body to function normally. Insulin is produced by cells in the pancreas, called the islets of Langerhans. ", "Insulin is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The name insulin comes from the Latin ''insula'' for island from the cells that produce the hormone in the pancreas. It has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. Insulin is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The name insulin comes from the Latin ''insula'' for island from the cells that produce the hormone in the pancreas. Insulin's structure varies slightly between species of animal.", "Insulin is a hormone. Hormones are chemical substances that regulate the cells of the body and are produced by special glands. The hormone insulin is a main regulator of the glucose (sugar) levels in the blood. Insulin is produced in the pancreas. To be more specific, it's produced by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. When we eat, glucose levels rise, and insulin is released into the bloodstream. The insulin acts like a key, opening up cells so they can take in the sugar and use it as an energy source. ", "Insulin is a hormone, which is a type of chemical. In the body, insulin is produced in the pancreas. It is needed to allow sugars, or glucose, from food to enter cells. There, glucose is broken down (metabolized) to produce the energy needed for the cells to work properly." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin", "http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-1-diabetes/what-insulin", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080215235837AAl3YL0", "http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/insulin.aspx", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_is_insulin_produced_in_the_body", "http://www.madehow.com/Volume-7/Insulin.html", "http://www.news-medical.net/health/What-is-Insulin.aspx", "http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/insulin/diabetes-insulin.html", "http://www.aboutkidshealth.ca/En/ResourceCentres/Diabetes/AboutDiabetes/Pages/Insulin-An-Overview.aspx" ] }

[ "Insulin is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The name insulin comes from the Latin ''insula'' for island from the cells that produce the hormone in the pancreas. It has a molecular weight of 5808 Da. Insulin is produced in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas. The name insulin comes from the Latin ''insula'' for island from the cells that produce the hormone in the pancreas. Insulin's structure varies slightly between species of animal." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Jumbo loan limits in California range from $417,000 to over $600,000. The median value of a home in California is more than double the median values of homes for United States as a whole, even though the median income is only slightly higher.", "A loan is considered jumbo if it exceeds the conforming and conforming high-balance loan limits: 1 The current conforming loan limit for a single-family home is $417,000 for all states—except Hawaii and Alaska, where it is $625,500.", "Jumbo Loans. Jumbo loans are too large to meet the guidelines of a conforming loan. For example, if you are buying a home in a county in which the conforming loan limit is $417,000, and you are taking out a single mortgage for $500,000, you'll need a jumbo loan. As jumbo loans do not meet the standards of a conforming loan, they are more difficult to sell on the secondary market.", "A jumbo mortgage is a home loan with an amount that exceeds conforming loan limits imposed by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, the two government-sponsored enterprises that buy mortgages from lenders.", "Mortgage loan limits were reduced in the country's higher-priced housing markets Oct. 1, 2011. In most (but not all) U.S. counties, any mortgage of more than $417,000 is a jumbo loan -- and jumbo mortgages have higher interest rates than smaller loans. In counties with high home prices, borrowers are able to get mortgages for more than $417,000 without paying the higher jumbo interest rates.", "Mortgage loans are allowed to exceed these loan limits. Larger loans are called jumbo mortgages. The cost of obtaining a jumbo mortgage is generally higher than the cost of obtaining other loans. For this reason, they are often higher-priced mortgage loans.", "The maximum debt-to-income ratio for jumbo loan borrowers is 45 percent. Additionally, jumbo borrowers need at least six months' worth of reserves in their bank accounts after closing, while conforming loan borrowers may be required to only have one or two months' worth of mortgage payments set aside." ], "url": [ "http://homeguides.sfgate.com/jumbo-loans-california-64404.html", "https://www.bankofamerica.com/home-loans/mortgage/jumbo-loans.go", "https://www.redfin.com/home-buying-guide/conforming-vs-non-conforming-loans", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/mortgages/what-is-jumbo-mortgage.aspx", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/mortgages/new-jumbo-loan-limits-state.aspx", "http://www.consumerfinance.gov/askcfpb/116/what-is-a-jumbo-loan.html", "http://www.bankrate.com/finance/mortgages/what-is-jumbo-mortgage.aspx" ] }

[ "Mortgage loan limits were reduced in the country's higher-priced housing markets Oct. 1, 2011. In most (but not all) U.S. counties, any mortgage of more than $417,000 is a jumbo loan -- and jumbo mortgages have higher interest rates than smaller loans. In counties with high home prices, borrowers are able to get mortgages for more than $417,000 without paying the higher jumbo interest rates." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Key substances in the body affected by methylation include: DNA/RNA (i.e. genes), neurotransmitters, hormones, neurons, cellular membranes and their signaling mechanisms, immune cells, enzymes, proteins, and many many others. Methylation summary. 1 Methylation is the process whereby methyl groups (-CH3) are donated to other molecules. 2 This addition alters the body’s chemistry; sometimes activating it and sometimes inactivating it, depending upon the chemistry in question.", "Adenine methylation is restricted to prokaryotes.The rate of cytosine DNA methylation differs strongly between species: 14% of cytosines are methylated in Arabidopsis thaliana, 4% in Mus musculus, 2.3% in Escherichia coli, 0.03% in Drosophila yeast species. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful stretches of DNA that have been incorporated into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis of chromatin structure, which enables a single cell to grow into multiple organs or perform multiple functions.", "DNA methylation can stably alter the expression of genes in cells as cells divide and differentiate from embryonic stem cells into specific tissues. The resulting change is normally permanent and unidirectional, preventing a cell from reverting to a stem cell or converting into a different cell type. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful stretches of DNA that have been incorporated into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis of chromatin structure, which enables a single cell to grow into multiple organs or perform multiple functions.", "An Index to ‘B-12 the Hidden Story’. When I discovered methylation and B12 therapy, I became obsessed with understanding it (and my startup reaction). I read through the entire ‘Hidden Story‘ thread (maybe 80 hours worth) on Phoenix Rising (and watched all of the methylation videos I could get my hands on). I can only answer for myself and I am by no means an expert on anaphylaxis. In talking to thousands of people over the past 8 years what I have seen is that almost any type of stress on the body can tip some people over the edge into the b12 deficiency and methylation shutdown.", "Methylation Therapy. The biochemistry of the body needs to be evaluated and addressed whenever their is a fertility concern. Couples who struggle to conceive have higher rates of methylation impairments. Methylation is the process by which we produce healthy DNA. Methylation also promotes healthy hormone regulation and reduces toxic and inflammatory load. The methylation cycle in the body sits directly next to the folic acid cyle", "DNA methylation is a process by which methyl groups are added to DNA. Methylation modifies the function of the DNA, typically acting to suppress gene transcription. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful stretches of DNA that have been incorporated into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis of chromatin structure, which enables a single cell to grow into multiple organs or perform multiple functions.", "9. The methylation cycle is found in all the cells of the body (not counting the red blood cells, which are unusual in a lot of ways). The methylation cycle has some important jobs to do. First, it acts as a little factory to supply methyl (CH3) groups to a large number of reactions in the body. I can only answer for myself and I am by no means an expert on anaphylaxis. In talking to thousands of people over the past 8 years what I have seen is that almost any type of stress on the body can tip some people over the edge into the b12 deficiency and methylation shutdown.", "Epigenetic therapy is the use of drugs or other epigenome-influencing techniques to treat medical conditions. Many diseases, including cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and mental illnesses are influenced by epigenetic mechanisms, and epigenetic therapy offers a potential way to influence those pathways directly. Diabetic retinopathy is known to be associated with a number of epigenetic markers, including methylation of the Sod2 and MMP-9 genes, an increase in transcription of LSD1, a H3K4 and H3K9 demethylase, and various DNA Methyl-Transferases (DNMTs), and increased presence of miRNAs for transcription factors and VEGF.", "This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Methylation of dna is known to be an important mechanism of gene regulation. A hallmark of cancer is the deregulation of the dna methylation machinery and aberrant dna methylation patterns. Hypomethylation of unique genes and repetitive sequences. These aberrations in dna methylation have very important diagnostic significance, and using current whole-genome techniques, the methylation signatures of specific cancer types are being delineated.", "DNA methylation at the 5 position of cytosine has the specific effect of reducing gene expression and has been found in every vertebrate examined. DNA methylation suppresses the expression of endogenous retroviral genes and other harmful stretches of DNA that have been incorporated into the host genome over time. DNA methylation also forms the basis of chromatin structure, which enables a single cell to grow into multiple organs or perform multiple functions." ], "url": [ "http://nbwellness.com/methylation-health-disease/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation", "http://howirecovered.com/active-b12-therapy-faq/", "http://healthyfertility.ca/fertility-plan/methylation-magic/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation", "http://howirecovered.com/active-b12-therapy-faq/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenetic_therapy", "http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2365485/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation" ] }

[ "Methylation Therapy. The biochemistry of the body needs to be evaluated and addressed whenever their is a fertility concern. Couples who struggle to conceive have higher rates of methylation impairments. Methylation is the process by which we produce healthy DNA. Methylation also promotes healthy hormone regulation and reduces toxic and inflammatory load. The methylation cycle in the body sits directly next to the folic acid cyle" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "How Much Does Maple Hardwood Flooring Cost. Maple is slightly less expensive than oak, with an average price of $7 to $11 per square foot for materials and installation. In some cases, you could pay $15 or more per square foot. Oak flooring varies in price depending on the quality. The average price for materials and installation is about $8 to $12 per square foot, but in some cases you could pay as much as $20 per square foot. Installing the floors yourself saves a significant amount of money, usually $3 to $7", "Off the top of my head, I seem to recall that common, unfinished Oak starts at around $2 a square foot at Home Depot, whereas Maple will start at least around $7-$10 a square foot: a huge difference once you multiply it out. However, the Maple at $7 is comparable to Oak at $5-$6, not to the $2 variety. Because the retail demand is higher, the market price for cheap Oak is less than the market price for cheap Maple. Some might also add that because Oak is stronger, cheap Oak is suitable for flooring whereas cheap Maple would not be; Maple needs to be of higher grade to be suitable for flooring.", "Cons of Oak. 1 More expensive-Oak is slightly pricier than maple. 2 More imperfections-To some, the distinctive wood grain is not an attractive feature. 3 Oak is probably not the best choice if you like a clean, modern look. Oak flooring varies in price depending on the quality. The average price for materials and installation is about $8 to $12 per square foot, but in some cases you could pay as much as $20 per square foot. Installing the floors yourself saves a significant amount of money, usually $3 to $7 per square foot", "Oak Cabinet Average Costs. The actual cost of oak cabinets depends on a number of factors, including the type of cabinets purchased, the size of the kitchen, local labor and material costs, and more. 1 Stock oak cabinets for a standard-sized kitchen cost $4,000 to $5,000. 1 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 2 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 3 Other installers might charge $ 50 to $100 per box (cabinet), $50 to $100 per linear foot, or by the hour.", "1 Stock oak cabinets for a standard-sized kitchen cost $4,000 to $5,000. 2 Semi-stock/semi-custom oak cabinets cost $5,000 to $12,000. 3 Custom oak cabinets might cost $8,000 to $20,000 or more. 4 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 1 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 2 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 3 Other installers might charge $ 50 to $100 per box (cabinet), $50 to $100 per linear foot, or by the hour.", "1 Semi-stock/semi-custom oak cabinets cost $5,000 to $12,000. 2 Custom oak cabinets might cost $8,000 to $20,000 or more. 3 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 4 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 1 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 2 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 3 Other installers might charge $ 50 to $100 per box (cabinet), $50 to $100 per linear foot, or by the hour.", "feeny. According to the Janka scale, hard maple is rated 1450, whereas white oak is rated 1360, and red oak 1290. So maple should be the (just slightly) harder wood flooring. Maple floors are beautiful and one of my favorites, but I love white oak floors too. Either should serve you well. ", "1 Custom oak cabinets might cost $8,000 to $20,000 or more. 2 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 3 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 1 Cabinet installation generally costs 15 to 25 percent of the total cabinet costs. 2 Thus, if your oak cabinets cost $10,000, you can expect to pay an additional $1,500 to $2,500 for installation. 3 Other installers might charge $ 50 to $100 per box (cabinet), $50 to $100 per linear foot, or by the hour." ], "url": [ "http://www.kompareit.com/homeandgarden/flooring-compare-oak-vs-maple.html", "http://www.bobvila.com/posts/91252-maple-vs-oak-cost?page=1", "http://www.kompareit.com/homeandgarden/flooring-compare-oak-vs-maple.html", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/cabinet-oak-cost.html", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/cabinet-oak-cost.html", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/cabinet-oak-cost.html", "http://www.houzz.com/discussions/749510/Maple-vs-Oak-Hardwood", "http://www.costowl.com/home-improvement/cabinet-oak-cost.html" ] }

[ "How Much Does Maple Hardwood Flooring Cost. Maple is slightly less expensive than oak, with an average price of $7 to $11 per square foot for materials and installation. In some cases, you could pay $15 or more per square foot. Oak flooring varies in price depending on the quality. The average price for materials and installation is about $8 to $12 per square foot, but in some cases you could pay as much as $20 per square foot. Installing the floors yourself saves a significant amount of money, usually $3 to $7" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "'Pablo Escobar-The King Of Coke' is directed by Stephen Dupler and was released on DVD in 2008. Pablo Escobar was a Colombian born drug kingpin who had a peak net worth of $30 billion dollars during his lifetime. Pablo Escobar ran the infamous drug trafficker, smuggler, and racketeer who ran the Medellin Drug Cartel. At its height, the Medellin carel controlled 80% of the world's cocaine market", "Pablo Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Medellin, Medellín colombia As Pablo Emilio Escobar. gaviria Mini Bio (1). Pablo Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Medellin, Medellín colombia As Pablo Emilio Escobar. Gaviria he was married To Maria Victoria Henao. vellejo", "Mini Bio (1). Pablo Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Medellin, Medellín colombia As Pablo Emilio Escobar. Gaviria he was married To Maria Victoria Henao. Vellejo he died On december, 2 1993 In, Medellin. colombia Mini Bio (1). Pablo Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Medellin, Medellín colombia As Pablo Emilio Escobar. Gaviria he was married To Maria Victoria Henao. vellejo", "Pablo Escobar (II) (1949–1993). Pablo Escobar was born on December 1, 1949 in Rionegro, Medellin, Medellín colombia As Pablo Emilio Escobar. Gaviria he was married To Maria Victoria Henao. Vellejo he died On december, 2 1993 In, Medellin. colombia ", "Pablo Emilio Escobar Gaviria (December 1, 1949 – December 2, 1993) was a notorious Colombian drug lord who, at the height of his career, supplied about 80% of the cocaine smuggled into the US. Pablo Escobar was born in Rionegro, Colombia, the third of seven children to Abel de Jesus Jesús Dari, escobar a, farmer And Hermilda, gaviria an elementary school. teacher", "Pablo Escobar net worth: $30 Billion. Pablo Escobar net worth: Pablo Escobar was a Colombian born drug kingpin who had a peak net worth of $30 billion dollars during his lifetime. When he was alive, Pablo Escobar ran of of the most infamous and violent drug cartels in history, The Medellin Drug Cartel.", "Pablo Escobar was born on December 1st, 1949 in the town of Rionegro, Colombia. His father was a farmer and his mother an elementary school teacher. Coming from a relatively poor family, the young Pablo Escobar had lots of ambition to make it in life. ", "Pablo Escobar was born in Rionegro, Colombia, the third of seven children to Abel de Jesus Jesús Dari, escobar a, farmer And Hermilda, gaviria an elementary school. Teacher as a teenager on the streets Of, medellin medellín he began his criminal career by allegedly stealing gravestones and sanding them down for resale. to smugglers Pablo Escobar was born in Rionegro, Colombia, the third of seven children to Abel de Jesus Jesús Dari, escobar a, farmer And Hermilda, gaviria an elementary school. teacher" ], "url": [ "http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp4KkJ12aPQ", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1389257/bio", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1389257/bio", "http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1389257/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Escobar", "http://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-businessmen/richest-billionaires/pablo-escobar-net-worth/", "http://georgejung.org/pablo-escobar/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo_Escobar" ] }

[ "Pablo Escobar was born on December 1st, 1949 in the town of Rionegro, Colombia. His father was a farmer and his mother an elementary school teacher. Coming from a relatively poor family, the young Pablo Escobar had lots of ambition to make it in life. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Gingival curet-tage is a distinct procedure that may be performedin conjunction with, or subsequent to, scaling androot planing (SRP). The SRP procedure is aimed atthe complete removal of bacteria, biofilm, calculus,and diseased root structure to achieve a biologicallyacceptable root surface. ", "Definition : “ gingival curettage means the scraping of gingival wall of periodontal pocket to removal inflammated soft tissue. Gingival curettage: gingival curettage consists of the removal of inflamed soft tissue lateral to pocket wall. Sub gingival curettage: sub gingival curettage refers to procedure that is performed apical to junctional epithelium in which the connective tissue attachment is severed down to osseous crest. The aim of curettage is to reduce pocket depth by enhancing gingival shrinkage and new connective tissue attachment.", "Thus, curettage is the conversion of the chronic inflammatory ulcer to the gingival wall of the pocket into a surgical wound. Curettage can be used alone as a separate procedure, after root planing has been performed, or as in combination with root planing to eliminate the pocket. The healing mechanism of the periodontal tissue at the curettage site is as followed. All the epithelial attachment and the ulcerated epithelial lining of the soft tissue wall are curetted out, and all granulation tissue is removed. The gingival tissue is carefully readapted to the tooth.", "Curettage, in medical procedures, is the use of a curette to remove tissue by scraping or scooping. Curettages are also a declining method of abortion. It has been replaced by vacuum aspiration over the last decade. Curettage has been used to treat teeth affected by periodontitis. Gingival curettage is a surgical procedure designed to remove the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pocket with a curet, leaving only a gingival connective tissue lining. ... ", "Curettage in dentistry is of two types. 1.Gingival curettage consists of removal of inflamed soft tissue lateral to the pocket wall. 2.Subgingival curettage refers to the procedure that is performed apical to the epithelial attachment, severing the connective tissue attachment to the osseous crest. Written by Paresh Soni. In laymen terms curettage in dentistry specially in periodontics mean the scraping of the inside of the gingival wall of a periodontal pocket to separate diseased soft tissue.", "Gingival curettage removes the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pockets in order to completely eliminate bacteria and diseased tissue. It may be used along with scaling and root planing, but achieves a deeper and more complete cleaning. ", "It has been replaced by vacuum aspiration over the last decade. Curettage has been used to treat teeth affected by periodontitis. Gingival curettage is a surgical procedure designed to remove the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pocket with a curet, leaving only a gingival connective tissue lining. ... Curettage (/ˌkjʊərɪˈtɑːʒ/ or /kjʊˈrɛtɪdʒ/), in medical procedures, is the use of a curette (French, meaning scoop) to remove tissue by scraping or scooping. Curettages are also a declining method of abortion.", "- Gingivectomy. - Gingivoplasty. Gingival Curettage. Gingival curettage removes the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pockets in order to completely eliminate bacteria and diseased tissue. It may be used along with scaling and root planing, but achieves a deeper and more complete cleaning." ], "url": [ "http://www.joponline.org/doi/pdf/10.1902/jop.2002.73.10.1229", "http://umiyadentalcare.blogspot.com/2012/08/gingival-curettage-periodontology.html", "http://www.drbui.com/artcurettage.html", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/Curettage", "http://www.drpulp.com/2013/07/what-is-curettage-in-dentistry.html", "http://www.nytimes.com/health/guides/disease/periodontitis/treatment.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curettage", "http://silomdental.com/periodontics_3.html" ] }

[ "It has been replaced by vacuum aspiration over the last decade. Curettage has been used to treat teeth affected by periodontitis. Gingival curettage is a surgical procedure designed to remove the soft tissue lining of the periodontal pocket with a curet, leaving only a gingival connective tissue lining. ... Curettage (/ˌkjʊərɪˈtɑːʒ/ or /kjʊˈrɛtɪdʒ/), in medical procedures, is the use of a curette (French, meaning scoop) to remove tissue by scraping or scooping. Curettages are also a declining method of abortion." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The theoretical framework may be rooted in a specific theory, in which case, your work is expected to test the validity of that existing theory in relation to specific events, issues, or phenomena. Many social science research papers fit into this rubric.", "The theoretical framework is presented in the early section of a dissertation and provides the rationale for conducting your research to investigate a particular research problem. Consider the theoretical framework as a conceptual model that establishes a sense of structure that guides your research.", "Theoretical Basis. While Family Centered Treatment integrates elements of several evidence-based theoretical models, two in particular form its foundation: Eco-Structural Family Therapy and Emotionally Focused Therapy. Both rely upon changing the emotional tone and interaction patterns among family members.", "2 - Launch of comparaison test of an observed mean with a theoretical mean : StatEL requires you to select the cells range of the studied group. To proceed the selection, you just have to clic on the first cell of your data with the mouse and to stretch until the last cell of your data. Then, you just have to specify the value of theoretical mean.", "the·o·ret·i·cal. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or based on theory. 2. Restricted to theory; not practical or applied: theoretical physics. 3. Studying or working to develop theory.", "Definition. Theories are formulated to explain, predict, and understand phenomena and, in many cases, to challenge and extend existing knowledge within the limits of critical bounding assumptions. The theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study.", "The theoretical framework is developed from and connected to your review of the knowledge on the topic (the literature review). This knowledge is likely how you initially formulated your research problem. You reviewed the literature and found gaps in the explanation of some phenomenon." ], "url": [ "http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/theoreticalframework", "http://www.statisticssolutions.com/theoretical-framework/", "http://www.familycenteredtreatment.com/fct-model/theoretical-basis.html", "http://www.adscience.eu/uploads/ckfiles/files/html_files/StatEL/statel_mean_comparison_test.htm", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/theoretical", "http://libguides.usc.edu/writingguide/theoreticalframework", "http://www.statisticssolutions.com/theoretical-framework/" ] }

[ "Theoretical Basis. While Family Centered Treatment integrates elements of several evidence-based theoretical models, two in particular form its foundation: Eco-Structural Family Therapy and Emotionally Focused Therapy. Both rely upon changing the emotional tone and interaction patterns among family members." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Plants in the Savanna. The majority of the savanna is covered in different types of grasses including lemon grass, Rhodes grass, star grass, and Bermuda grass. There are also lots of trees scattered about the savanna. Some of these trees include the acacia tree, the baobab tree, and the jackalberry tree. ", "Grass Patches... and a Few Trees. The savanna is characterized by its variety of grasses. However, it is not the lush grasses of grasslands that extend as far as the eye can see. Instead, the grasses are often in thick clumps with bare ground and shrubs in between. There are many types of grasses in the savanna, such as Rhodes grass, red oats grass and lemon grass. The Bermuda grass that many plant in their lawns is native to the African savanna as is elephant grass, which can grow 10 feet (3 m) tall", "Tropical Savannah: Plants Grasses are the dominant plant life in the savanna. A wide variety of grasses grow in savannas, but different varieties are found in different savannas. Some grasses grow 6 to 9 feet tall. Trees growing alone or in small clusters are also part of the savanna biome. In fact, without the trees, the savanna biome would be considered a prairie. The variety of trees in a particular savanna is dependent upon the geographic location of the savanna. The acacia and baobab trees are common in African savannas.", "Regardless of the types of plants in the savanna you would come across many plants and trees that are a few feet away from one another. You will never find a canopy in these regions because of the fact that the trees are so far apart from one another. You would come across grasses of different lengths in the savanna. While some of these are about 6 inches tall, there are also those that are 9 inches tall and you would also be able to find various types of trees in these areas.", "The South American savanna types cerrado sensu stricto and cerrado dense typically have densities of trees similar to or higher than that found in South American tropical forests, with savanna ranging 800–3300 trees/ha and adjacent forests with 800–2000 trees/ha. Savanna ecoregions are of several different types: 1 Tropical and subtropical savannas are classified with tropical and subtropical grasslands and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.", "PLANTS: The savanna is dominated by grasses such as Rhodes grass, red oats grass, star grass, lemon grass, and some shrubs. Most savanna grass is coarse and grows in patches with interspersed areas of bare ground. You won’t see many trees in the savanna because of little rainfall. Many animals in the savanna are herbivores, which means they eat plants, and there is plenty of grass in the savanna. During the rainy months animals thrive in the savanna, but the rainy season is only half the year.", "Savanna Plant Life. Plants of the savannas are highly specialized to grow in this environment of long periods of drought. They have long tap roots that can reach the deep water table, thick bark to resist annual fires, trunks that can store water, and leaves that drop of during the winter to conserve water. The savanna is covered by grasses such as Rhodes grass, red oats grass, star grass, lemon grass, and some shrubs.. There are various types of trees that will grow in particular areas of a savanna biome. They include pine trees, palm trees, and acacia trees.", "Savannas are also characterised by seasonal water availability, with the majority of rainfall confined to one season; they are associated with several types of biomes, and are frequently in a transitional zone between forest and desert or grassland. Savanna covers approximately 20% of the Earth's land area. Savanna ecoregions are of several different types: 1 Tropical and subtropical savannas are classified with tropical and subtropical grasslands and shrublands as the tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.", "ANIMALS: There are many different types of animals that live in the savanna. The species found in savannas vary by the geographic location of the biome. Animals native to African savannas include African elephants, zebras, horses, and giraffes. Many animals in the savanna are herbivores, which means they eat plants, and there is plenty of grass in the savanna. During the rainy months animals thrive in the savanna, but the rainy season is only half the year." ], "url": [ "http://www.ducksters.com/science/ecosystems/savanna_biome.php", "https://askabiologist.asu.edu/plants-savanna", "http://www.cotf.edu/ETE/modules/msese/earthsysflr/savannahP.html", "http://www.typesof.com/types-of-plants-in-the-savanna/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna", "http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/savanna.html", "http://thegreatsavanna.weebly.com/savanna-plants.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savanna", "http://kids.nceas.ucsb.edu/biomes/savanna.html" ] }

[ "Grass Patches... and a Few Trees. The savanna is characterized by its variety of grasses. However, it is not the lush grasses of grasslands that extend as far as the eye can see. Instead, the grasses are often in thick clumps with bare ground and shrubs in between. There are many types of grasses in the savanna, such as Rhodes grass, red oats grass and lemon grass. The Bermuda grass that many plant in their lawns is native to the African savanna as is elephant grass, which can grow 10 feet (3 m) tall" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Transcription is when RNA is made from DNA. During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. This process is similar in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. In general, in prokaryotes the lifetime of mRNA is much shorter than in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes degrade messages by using a combination of ribonucleases, including endonucleases, 3' exonucleases, and 5' exonucleases.", "Gene transcription occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.Unlike prokaryotic RNA polymerase that initiates the transcription of all different types of RNA, RNA polymerase in eukaryotes (including humans) comes in three variations, each encoding a different type of gene. The transcription of rRNA genes takes place in a specialised structure of the nucleus called the nucleolus, where the transcribed rRNAs are combined with proteins to form ribosomes. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for the transcription of all mRNAs, some snRNAs, siRNAs, and all miRNAs.", "A eukaryotic cell has a nucleus that separates the processes of transcription and translation. Eukaryotic transcription occurs within the nucleus where DNA is packaged into nucleosomes and higher order chromatin structures. The transcription of rRNA genes takes place in a specialised structure of the nucleus called the nucleolus, where the transcribed rRNAs are combined with proteins to form ribosomes. RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is responsible for the transcription of all mRNAs, some snRNAs, siRNAs, and all miRNAs.", "Finally, the mRNA is degraded. Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a large family of RNA molecules that convey genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where they specify the amino acid sequence of the protein products of gene expression. In general, in prokaryotes the lifetime of mRNA is much shorter than in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes degrade messages by using a combination of ribonucleases, including endonucleases, 3' exonucleases, and 5' exonucleases.", "Eukaryotic Cell. Transcription and translation are spatially and temporally separated in eukaryotic cells; that is, transcription occurs in the nucleus to produce a pre-mRNA molecule. The pre-mRNA is typically processed to produce the mature mRNA, which exits the nucleus and is translated in the cytoplasm", "As in DNA, mRNA genetic information is in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three bases each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. In general, in prokaryotes the lifetime of mRNA is much shorter than in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes degrade messages by using a combination of ribonucleases, including endonucleases, 3' exonucleases, and 5' exonucleases.", "In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, RNA is produced in the cells nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm to play … a role in the production of protein. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. RNA polymerase II transcribes the DNA forming an mRNA transcript. The mRNA is then modified.", "Moreover, RNAs are made in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, but function in protein synthesis in the cytoplasm. Unlike prokaryotic mRNAs, eukaryotic mRNAs undergo extensive modifications after synthesis by RNA polymerase II. The process by which introns are removed is referred to as splicing. The sequences remaining after the splicing are called exons. All of the different major types of RNA in a eukaryotic cell can have introns. Although most higher eukaryotic genes have introns, some do not." ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_transcription", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA", "http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/transcription/tctlpreu.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messenger_RNA", "http://www.answers.com/Q/Where_does_RNA_synthesis_in_eukaryotes_occur", "http://oregonstate.edu/dept/biochem/hhmi/hhmiclasses/bb451/lectnotesgdp/EukaryoticmRNA.html" ] }

[ "In prokaryotes, RNA synthesis and protein synthesis takes place in the cytoplasm. In eukaryotes, RNA is produced in the cells nucleus and then moves to the cytoplasm to play … a role in the production of protein. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus. RNA polymerase II transcribes the DNA forming an mRNA transcript. The mRNA is then modified." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Below is a speech given January 17, 1935 by President Franklin Delano Roosevelt to Congress on the issue of advocating a proposed new program he called “Social Security”. This speech resulted in the eventual passage of the Social Security Act of 1935 on August 14, 1935: Social Security, whether it was called social insurance or government pensions, was the first vital step on the road to the welfare state. How it finally happened in the United States, after decades of frustrating unsuccessful efforts by social democrats and professional bureaucrats, is a fascinating story.", "Many of the federal and state programs that provide income security to U.S. families have their roots in the Social Security Act (the Act) of 1935. This Act provided for unemployment insurance, old-age insurance, and means-tested welfare programs. The Great Depression was clearly a catalyst for the Social Security Act of 1935, and some of its provisions—notably the means-tested programs—were intended to offer immediate relief to families. The publication of this article coincides with the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Social Security Act. The history and development of the Social Security program from its inception to the present is discussed.", "The first four decades of the Social Security program were, in general, ones of expansion. In fact, the program was expanded even before it became truly operational. In 1939, amendments added child, spouse, and survivor benefits to the retirement benefits authorized by the 1935 Act. The publication of this article coincides with the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Social Security Act. The history and development of the Social Security program from its inception to the present is discussed.", "The Social Security Act created a joint federal and state program for both unemployment insurance and old age pension. The social Security Act, which was considered radical when enacted, is today considered one of the mainstays of American society. FDR had first proposed a Social Security Act in 1930, as governor of New York. The idea was not radical. Bismarck had introduced it in Germany in the 1880s. However, despite being proposed a number of times, the idea had never received traction in the United States.", "The original Social Security Act assessed—on both employees and employers—a 1 percent payroll tax on the first $3,000 of annual earnings, starting in 1937. Beginning in 1940, the tax was scheduled to increase, reaching an ultimate rate in 1949 of 3 percent each on workers and employers (or a 6 percent combined rate). The publication of this article coincides with the celebration of the 70th anniversary of the Social Security Act. The history and development of the Social Security program from its inception to the present is discussed.", "The Social Security Act of 1934 was created during Franklin D. Roosevelt 's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the Second New Deal. The Social Security Act, Pub.L. 74–271, 49 Stat. 620, enacted August 14, 1935, now codified as 42 U.S.C. ch. 7, was a social welfare legislative act which created the Social Security system in the United States", "On August 14, 1935, the Social Security Act established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped. The act created a uniquely American solution to the problem of old-age pensions. Unlike many European nations, U.S. social security insurance was supported from contributions in the form of taxes on individuals’ wages and employers’ payrolls rather than directly from Government funds.", "The Social Security Act was enacted August 14, 1935. The Act was drafted during President Franklin D. Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security, under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the New Deal. In the original 1935 law, the benefit provisions were in Title II of the Act (which is why Social Security is sometimes referred to as the Title II program.) The taxing provisions were in a separate title (Title VIII) (for reasons related to the constitutionality of the 1935 Act)." ], "url": [ "http://famguardian.org/TaxFreedom/History/President/1935-SSA.htm", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n1/v66n1p1.html", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n1/v66n1p1.html", "http://www.historycentral.com/DEP/SSAct.html", "http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v66n1/v66n1p1.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_Act", "http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?doc=68", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Social_Security_in_the_United_States" ] }

[ "The Social Security Act created a joint federal and state program for both unemployment insurance and old age pension. The social Security Act, which was considered radical when enacted, is today considered one of the mainstays of American society. FDR had first proposed a Social Security Act in 1930, as governor of New York. The idea was not radical. Bismarck had introduced it in Germany in the 1880s. However, despite being proposed a number of times, the idea had never received traction in the United States." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Jobs. Earning $16.06 per hour on average, Merchandise Presentation Managers receive the most money, followed by Retail Store Managers (around $13.71), Stockers (about $9.79), and Dog Trainers (approximately $9.27). Cashiers are among the lowest paid at a median salary of around $8.72. Salaries approach $14.44 per hour for Forklift Certifications; non-accredited workers make much less. It pays to have an Associate's Degree, Business Administration at PetSmart Inc. — these employees make the most at about $11.24 per hour.", "Average Cashier Murphy Usa Salaries. The average salary for cashier murphy usa jobs is $13,000. Average cashier murphy usa salaries can vary greatly due to company, location, industry, experience and benefits. This salary was calculated using the average salary for all jobs with the term cashier murphy usa anywhere in the job listing.", "I guess I need to be more specific-What does a 17 year old working in Texas at a PetSmart get paid if anyone knows. I am going to college to study animals and I read that I need to get as much volunteer and work experience as I could, and I read working at petco or...", "Headquartered in Phoenix, Ariz., PetSmart Inc. offers a range of employment opportunities in the retail, from Cashier to Dog Bather. Median pay for PetSmart Inc. workers sits around $9.72 per hour, and overtime compensation can push that up to $18.30. For the most part, employee paychecks at PetSmart Inc. fluctuate depending on your city; how long you've been working and what you do at the company also matter, but to a lesser degree.", "As for salaries, it really depends on the specific store you are working for. Some stores may really need the extra help, and therefore up the pay a bit. The average pay is between $7 and $8 an hour for newbies (cashiers, pet care, stockers).", "Average pay is $11.33 per hour for those with five to nine years of experience. Overall, the greater share of PetSmart Inc. folks have one to four years of experience and earn an average $9.60 per hour." ], "url": [ "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=PetSmart_Inc./Hourly_Rate", "http://www.simplyhired.com/salaries-k-cashier-murphy-usa-jobs.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090929145821AATea2l", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=PetSmart_Inc./Hourly_Rate", "http://www.indeed.com/forum/cmp/Petsmart/PetSmart-Salaries-Bonuses-Benefits/t3887", "http://www.payscale.com/research/US/Employer=PetSmart_Inc./Hourly_Rate" ] }

[ "Headquartered in Phoenix, Ariz., PetSmart Inc. offers a range of employment opportunities in the retail, from Cashier to Dog Bather. Median pay for PetSmart Inc. workers sits around $9.72 per hour, and overtime compensation can push that up to $18.30. For the most part, employee paychecks at PetSmart Inc. fluctuate depending on your city; how long you've been working and what you do at the company also matter, but to a lesser degree." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The food manufacturing subsector is part of the manufacturing sector. Industries in the Food Manufacturing subsector transform livestock and agricultural products into products for intermediate or final consumption. The industry groups are distinguished by the raw materials (generally of animal or vegetable origin) processed into food products.", "Food and Beverage: Introduction. The food and beverages industry is all companies involved in processing raw food materials, packaging, and distributing them. This includes fresh, prepared foods as well as packaged foods, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic beverages. The Food and Beverage industry is Fragmented. The production in this industry is divided among a few different companies, however, no single firm has large enough share of the market to be able to influence the industry's direction or price levels.", "The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supply most of the food consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, can be considered outside of the scope of the modern food industry. The U.S. food system is a complex network of farmers and the industries that link to them. Those links include makers of farm equipment and chemicals as well as firms that provide services to agribusinesses, such as providers of transportation and financial services.", "The global food processing and beverage industry is dominated by a cluster of highly powerful multinational corporations. Some big names are ConAgra, Krafts Foods, Cadbury, General Mills, H.J. Heinz, Nestle nestlé And. Unilever top fast food franchises across the world McDonalds, Mcdonalds Pizza, HUT kfc And Dominoes. pizza Food Industry: Major Players. The global food processing and beverage industry is dominated by a cluster of highly powerful multinational corporations. Some big names are ConAgra, Krafts Foods, Cadbury, General Mills, H.J. Heinz, Nestle nestlé And. unilever", "Introduction. The Indian food industry is poised for huge growth, increasing its contribution to world food trade every year. In India, the food sector has emerged as a high-growth and high-profit sector due to its immense potential for value addition, particularly within the food processing industry. ", "It is challenging to find an inclusive way to cover all aspects of food production and sale. The Food Standards Agency, a government body in India, describes it thusly: The U.S. food system is a complex network of farmers and the industries that link to them. Those links include makers of farm equipment and chemicals as well as firms that provide services to agribusinesses, such as providers of transportation and financial services.", "Foodservice (US English) or catering industry (British English) defines those businesses, institutions, and companies responsible for any meal prepared outside the home. ", "In the USSR the food service industry includes large factories involved in all phases of food processing, preparation, and serving; enterprises producing “convenience” foods; takeout kitchens; and various eating establishments, including restaurants, teahouses, cafes, cafés snack, bars and. buffets The food service industry is highly developed in foreign socialist countries. In the German Democratic Republic, there is one seat in a dining room, restaurant, cafe, café or snack bar for every 12 (inhabitants); 1968 In bulgaria there is one for every (11). 1970", "Food industry. The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages. Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page. This page was last modified on 3 October 2005, at 21:16.This page has been accessed 12,398 times." ], "url": [ "http://www.bls.gov/iag/tgs/iag311.htm", "http://globaledge.msu.edu/industries/food-and-beverage/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_industry", "http://www.economywatch.com/world-industries/food-industry.html", "http://www.ibef.org/industry/indian-food-industry.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_industry", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodservice", "http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Food+Service+Industry", "http://www.biology-online.org/dictionary/Food_industry" ] }

[ "The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supply most of the food consumed by the world population. Only subsistence farmers, those who survive on what they grow, can be considered outside of the scope of the modern food industry. The U.S. food system is a complex network of farmers and the industries that link to them. Those links include makers of farm equipment and chemicals as well as firms that provide services to agribusinesses, such as providers of transportation and financial services." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Enrique is a form of the name Henry. Henry derives from two Germanic elements, haim meaning home and ric meaning power ruler. It was introduced to Britain by the Normans and has been borne by eight kings of England. In its various forms, it has also been a popular royal name in many European countries.", "Teutonic Meaning: The name Enrique is a Teutonic baby name. In Teutonic the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules an estate. American Meaning: The name Enrique is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules an estate. Italian Meaning: The name Enrique is an Italian baby name. In Italian the meaning of the name Enrique is: Head of the household. Spanish Meaning: The name Enrique is a Spanish baby name. In Spanish the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules his", "Enrique is a very popular first name for males (#298 out of 1220, Top 24%) and also a very popular surname for all people (#22999 out of 150436, Top 15%). (2000 U.S. Census). Charted below is the birth name popularity of Enrique for boys.", "Enrique is the Spanish form of the German name Heinrich (Henry in English). The name Henry comes from the Germanic words “haim” and “rīc” which translates to ‘home’ and ‘ruler, power,’ respectively. Hence, the meaning of the name Enrique is ‘Powerful Ruler of the Home’.", "Meaning of Enrique. Spanish name. In Spanish, the name Enrique means-ruler of the home. Other origins for the name Enrique include-Spanish, Italian.The name Enrique is most often used as a boy name or male name." ], "url": [ "http://www.ourbabynamer.com/meaning-of-Enrique.html", "http://www.sheknows.com/baby-names/name/enrique", "http://www.thinkbabynames.com/meaning/1/Enrique", "http://www.ohbabynames.com/meaning/name/enrique/1493", "http://www.meaning-of-names.com/spanish-names/enrique.asp" ] }

[ "Teutonic Meaning: The name Enrique is a Teutonic baby name. In Teutonic the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules an estate. American Meaning: The name Enrique is an American baby name. In American the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules an estate. Italian Meaning: The name Enrique is an Italian baby name. In Italian the meaning of the name Enrique is: Head of the household. Spanish Meaning: The name Enrique is a Spanish baby name. In Spanish the meaning of the name Enrique is: Rules his" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For other uses, see Bonito (disambiguation) . Bonitos are a tribe of medium-sized, ray-finned predatory fish in the family Scombridae – a family it shares with the mackerel, tuna, and Spanish mackerel tribes, and also the butterfly kingfish. The meat of young or small bonito can be of lighter color, close to that of skipjack tuna, and is sometimes used as a cheaper substitute for skipjack, especially for canning purposes, and occasionally in the production of katsuobushi. Bonito may not be marketed as tuna in all countries, however. The Atlantic bonito is also found in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, where it is a popular food fish, eaten grilled, pickled (lakerda), or baked", "The Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae. It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea, where it is an important commercial and game fish. Bonito is a popular food fish in the Mediterranean; its flesh is similar to tuna and mackerel, and its size is intermediate between the two. Bonito under 1 kg (2.2 lb) or so (called palamut in Turkish) are often grilled as steaks.", "Bonito is an adjective that means pretty applied to males or masculine objects in Spanish and Portuguese (Bonita is the feminine form), but it is unclear whether the name of the fish is related to this. The meat of young or small bonito can be of lighter color, close to that of skipjack tuna, and is sometimes used as a cheaper substitute for skipjack, especially for canning purposes, and occasionally in the production of katsuobushi. Bonito may not be marketed as tuna in all countries, however. The Atlantic bonito is also found in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, where it is a popular food fish, eaten grilled, pickled (lakerda), or baked", "3. bonito-any of various scombroid fishes intermediate in size and characteristics between mackerels and tunas. scombroid, scombroid fish-important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters. genus Sarda, Sarda-bonitos. 2. (Animals) any of various similar or related fishes, such as Katsuwonus pelamis (oceanic bonito), the flesh of which is dried and flaked and used in Japanese cookery. [C16: from Spanish bonito, from Latin bonus good]. (bəˈni toʊ).", "Meronyms (parts of bonito): bonito (flesh of mostly Pacific food fishes of the genus Sarda of the family Scombridae; related to but smaller than tuna). Hyponyms (each of the following is a kind of bonito): Atlantic bonito; Sarda sarda; skipjack (medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna). Chile bonito; Chilean bonito; Sarda chiliensis (common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well).", "The noun BONITO has 3 senses: 1. flesh of mostly Pacific food fishes of the genus Sarda of the family Scombridae; related to but smaller than tuna. 2. fish whose flesh is dried and flaked for Japanese cookery; may be same species as skipjack tuna. Atlantic bonito; Sarda sarda; skipjack (medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna). Chile bonito; Chilean bonito; Sarda chiliensis (common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well).", "Katsuwonus pelamis; oceanic bonito; bonito. Hypernyms (bonito is a kind of...): scombroid; scombroid fish (important marine food and game fishes found in all tropical and temperate seas; some are at least partially endothermic and can thrive in colder waters). Atlantic bonito; Sarda sarda; skipjack (medium-sized tuna-like food fish of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters; less valued than tuna). Chile bonito; Chilean bonito; Sarda chiliensis (common bonito of Pacific coast of the Americas; its dark oily flesh cans well).", "Noun [edit]. bonito ‎(plural bonito or bonitos or bonitoes). 1 Any of various marine fish of the genus Sarda, that are related to and resemble the tuna. 2 A large tropical fish, the skipjack tuna, allied to the tunny, Katsuwonus pelamis. " ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonito", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_bonito", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonito", "http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bonito", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/bonito.htm", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/bonito.htm", "http://www.audioenglish.org/dictionary/bonito.htm", "https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bonito" ] }

[ "The Atlantic bonito, Sarda sarda, is a large mackerel-like fish of the family Scombridae. It is common in shallow waters of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea, where it is an important commercial and game fish. Bonito is a popular food fish in the Mediterranean; its flesh is similar to tuna and mackerel, and its size is intermediate between the two. Bonito under 1 kg (2.2 lb) or so (called palamut in Turkish) are often grilled as steaks." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Resurfacing with a pebble or quartz aggregate finish (like PebbleTec or Diamond Brite can cost $3,500-$8,500 for a rough finish or about $5,000-$10,000 for a polished finish, depending on the style and color. 1 Re-plastering the interior surface of an average residential in-ground pool (10,000-20,000 gallons or 14'x28' to 16'x32' and 3.5'-5' deep) with standard white plaster or marble-dust plaster (marcite) typically costs $2,500-$5,500, depending on the size, depth and shape of the pool, and local rates.", "1 A complete pool upgrade, including refinishing the interior surface, replacing the waterline tile and decking, and fixing any plumbing or electrical problems can cost $8,000-$22,000 or more, depending on size, local rates and what exactly needs to be done. 1 Re-plastering the interior surface of an average residential in-ground pool (10,000-20,000 gallons or 14'x28' to 16'x32' and 3.5'-5' deep) with standard white plaster or marble-dust plaster (marcite) typically costs $2,500-$5,500, depending on the size, depth and shape of the pool, and local rates.", "Replacing Old Materials. The average cost of deck repair is approximately $550. With the assistance of a professional, you may expect to spend as much as $1,000 for an extensive repair project. One of the most common repair needs on decks is the replacement of rotted materials. ", "Hardwood Deck. This is the most durable option, with an estimated longevity of 30 to 50 years. It is also more expensive, coming in at a total estimated cost of $40 to $80 or more per square foot, or $12,800 to $25,600 to replace a 16-by-20-foot deck. Before you commit to the DIY option, be aware that incorrect power washing can ruin your deck’s appearance and potentially cause further damage. If you have your contractor do the work, expect to pay an additional $.25 to $1.50 per square foot, for an average cost of $80 to $480 for a 16-by-20-foot deck. Your contractor might also charge a cleaning fee, which can range from $100 to $200", "1 On average, the average pool resurfacing job is going to cost anywhere from $4 to as much as $9 per square foot. 2 The price of resurfacing would also depend on the type of cement, upgraded plaster, stone or pebbles that you will use, as they may be more expensive than the usual plaster. 1 The resealing of the surface can vary from the weather you have, as this will affect your pool’s surface. 2 If you want an easier way to clean your pool’s surface, then you need to purchase a high-quality sealer, which costs $20 to $80 per gallon.", "When properly maintained, this type of deck should last for decades. The cost for treated lumber ranges from $8 to $20 per square foot, for an estimated total replacement cost of $2,560 to $16,000 for a 16-by-20-foot deck. Before you commit to the DIY option, be aware that incorrect power washing can ruin your deck’s appearance and potentially cause further damage. If you have your contractor do the work, expect to pay an additional $.25 to $1.50 per square foot, for an average cost of $80 to $480 for a 16-by-20-foot deck. Your contractor might also charge a cleaning fee, which can range from $100 to $200", "Cedar decks generally last from 15 to 20 years, but they can deteriorate faster, particularly on the ground-floor and in shaded areas that take longer to dry out. The average material cost for cedar is $5 to $15 per square foot, for an estimated cost of $6,400 to $24,000 to replace a 16-by-20-foot deck. Before you commit to the DIY option, be aware that incorrect power washing can ruin your deck’s appearance and potentially cause further damage. If you have your contractor do the work, expect to pay an additional $.25 to $1.50 per square foot, for an average cost of $80 to $480 for a 16-by-20-foot deck. Your contractor might also charge a cleaning fee, which can range from $100 to $200", "$5.44. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Refinish a Deck! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Deck Refinishing project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Refinish a Deck ranges between $2.69 - $5.44 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1.", "The costs of pool deck resurfacing will depend on the size of the pool deck, the material used, the company you choose, and other factors. 1 On average, the average pool resurfacing job is going to cost anywhere from $4 to as much as $9 per square foot. 1 The resealing of the surface can vary from the weather you have, as this will affect your pool’s surface. 2 If you want an easier way to clean your pool’s surface, then you need to purchase a high-quality sealer, which costs $20 to $80 per gallon." ], "url": [ "http://home.costhelper.com/pool-resurfacing.html", "http://home.costhelper.com/pool-resurfacing.html", "http://www.improvenet.com/r/costs-and-prices/deck-restore-cost", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/outdoor-living/repair-a-deck/", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-deck-resurfacing-cost/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/outdoor-living/repair-a-deck/", "http://www.homeadvisor.com/cost/outdoor-living/repair-a-deck/", "http://www.homewyse.com/services/cost_to_refinish_deck.html", "http://www.howmuchisit.org/pool-deck-resurfacing-cost/" ] }

[ "$5.44. Get an INSTANT estimate of the cost to Refinish a Deck! Our free calculator uses recent, trusted data to estimate costs for your Deck Refinishing project. For a basic 120 square feet project in zip code 47474, the benchmark cost to Refinish a Deck ranges between $2.69 - $5.44 per square foot* . To estimate costs for your project: 1." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "Weathering is the process of disintegration of rock from physical, chemical, and biological stresses. Weathering is influenced by temperature and moisture (climate). As rock disintegrates, it becomes more susceptible to further physical, chemical, and biological weathering due to the increase in exposed surface area. ", "Physical weathering, also known as mechanical weathering, is the class of processes that causes the disintegration of rocks without chemical change. The primary process in physical weathering is abrasion (the process by which clasts and other particles are reduced in size). Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks, often transforming them when water interacts with minerals to create various chemical reactions. Chemical weathering is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogy of the rock adjusts to the near surface environment.", "Weathering is the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface into products that are more in equilibrium with the conditions found in this environment. Most rocks and minerals are formed deep within the Earth's crust where temperatures and pressures differ greatly from the surface. Biological weathering involves processes that can be either chemical or physical in character. Some of the more important processes are: 1. Simple breaking of particles, by the consumption of soils particles by animals.", "Biological Weathering of Rocks. Unlike physical and chemical weathering, the biological or living agents are responsible for both decomposition and disintegration of rocks and minerals. The biological life is mainly controlled largely by the prevailing environment. 1. Man and Animals:", "Biological Weathering. Biological weathering involves the disintegration of rock and mineral due to the chemical and/or physical agents of an organism. The types of organisms that can cause weathering range from bacteria to plants to animals. Biological weathering involves processes that can be either chemical or physical in character. Some of the more important processes are: 1. Simple breaking of particles, by the consumption of soils particles by animals.", "Biological Weathering vs. Physical and Chemical Weathering. The three different types of weathering are physical, chemical and biological. Physical weathering is caused by mechanical forces, without any change to the makeup of the rock. Microorganisms and Lichens. Not all biological weathering occurs visibly. Many microorganisms in the soil and on the surface of rock can contribute. Some bacteria derive nutrition by taking a combination of nitrogen from the air and minerals -- such as silica, phosphorous and calcium -- from rock.", "This is called biological weathering. For example, burrowing animals such as rabbits can burrow into a crack in a rock, making it bigger and splitting the rock. ", "Two important classifications of weathering processes exist – physical and chemical weathering; each sometimes involves a biological component. Mechanical or physical weathering involves the breakdown of rocks and soils through direct contact with atmospheric conditions, such as heat, water, ice and pressure. Chemical weathering changes the composition of rocks, often transforming them when water interacts with minerals to create various chemical reactions. Chemical weathering is a gradual and ongoing process as the mineralogy of the rock adjusts to the near surface environment.", "1 Oxidation: This occurs within the chemical environment and makes the rocks soft. 2 Biological: Biological weathering is when acidic chemicals are released by plants and animals. 3 Carbonation: When carbon dioside is added to the rocks and minerals it may result in their dissolution. 1 is a chemical weathering process affecting Silicate minerals. 2 In such reactions, pure water ionizes slightly and reacts with silicate minerals. 3 Oxidation: This occurs within the chemical environment and makes the rocks soft. 4" ], "url": [ "http://passel.unl.edu/pages/informationmodule.php?idinformationmodule=1124303183&topicorder=2&maxto=7", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering", "http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10r.html", "http://agriinfo.in/?page=topic&superid=4&topicid=250", "http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/10r.html", "http://www.ehow.com/facts_5633317_biological-weathering_.html", "http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/environment_earth_universe/rock_cycle/revision/7/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weathering", "http://www.diffen.com/difference/Erosion_vs_Weathering" ] }

[ "1 Oxidation: This occurs within the chemical environment and makes the rocks soft. 2 Biological: Biological weathering is when acidic chemicals are released by plants and animals. 3 Carbonation: When carbon dioside is added to the rocks and minerals it may result in their dissolution. 1 is a chemical weathering process affecting Silicate minerals. 2 In such reactions, pure water ionizes slightly and reacts with silicate minerals. 3 Oxidation: This occurs within the chemical environment and makes the rocks soft. 4" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "NAP, NAPPE. The culinary term 'nap' (French-nappe) means to lightly coat food with a sauce so it completely covers the food with a thin even layer. See also: Articles & Trivia. The culinary term 'nap' (French-nappe) means to lightly coat food with a sauce so it completely covers the food with a thin even layer.", "The word may be from the Spanish for flat-nosed.. nap or nappe-French word that means to completely coat food with a light, thin, even layer of sauce or a jelly. Napoleon pastry (nuh-POH-lee-uhn) - It is known as mille-feuilles in France. Outside of France it is known as Napoleon.. It consists of layers of puff pastry interspersed with pastry cream or whipped cream and iced with fondant and chocolate or with confectioner's sugar. History: (1) It is believed to have been developed in France during the latter part of the 19th century.", "However, the past tense, “nappe” (nappé spelled nappe with an acute accent over “the”), e “means to be” coated and is also “pronounced.” Nappay the past tense form is the actual cooking term for a sauce that coats a (spoon.i. e a coated). spoon Both you & Rob have pieces of the puzzle, but you haven’t quite put them together yet. Please allow me to help. I have a BA in French & am a French cuisine enthusiast. The French word “napper” indeed means “to coat” and is pronounced “nappay” as you have correctly determined.", "Trackback |. A. Nappe (nappé “pronounced”) nappay is A french word “meaning to.” Coat’it s often used in restaurant (kitchens particularly those run by Classically french trained) chefs to refer to a state of liquid (thickness usually). sauces Both you & Rob have pieces of the puzzle, but you haven’t quite put them together yet. Please allow me to help. I have a BA in French & am a French cuisine enthusiast. The French word “napper” indeed means “to coat” and is pronounced “nappay” as you have correctly determined.", "In geology, a nappe or thrust sheet is a large sheetlike body of rock that has been moved more than 2 km or 5 km above a thrust fault from its original position. Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: nappe (Noun). The profile of a body of water flowing over an obstruction in a vertical drop. nappe (Noun). Either of the two parts of a double cone. nappe (Noun). A sheet-like mass of rock that has been folded over adjacent strata", "Nappe (noun). sheet; surface; all that portion of a surface that is continuous in such a way that it is possible to pass from any one point of the portion to any other point of the portion without leaving the surface. Thus, some hyperboloids have one nappe, and some have two. Origin: [F. nappe cloth, sheet. Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: nappe (Noun). The profile of a body of water flowing over an obstruction in a vertical drop. nappe (Noun). Either of the two parts of a double cone. nappe (Noun). A sheet-like mass of rock that has been folded over adjacent strata", "Nappe (nappé “pronounced”) nappay is A french word “meaning to.” Coat’it s often used in restaurant (kitchens particularly those run by Classically french trained) chefs to refer to a state of liquid (thickness usually). Sauces it can also refer to coating food with that thickened. liquid Both you & Rob have pieces of the puzzle, but you haven’t quite put them together yet. Please allow me to help. I have a BA in French & am a French cuisine enthusiast. The French word “napper” indeed means “to coat” and is pronounced “nappay” as you have correctly determined.", "Nappe, the underside of which is not in contact with the overflow structure and is at ambient atmospheric pressure. nappe (Noun). The ability of a liquid to coat the back of a spoon or the act of coating a food. to nappe a leg of lamb with glaze. Wiktionary (0.00 / 0 votes) Rate this definition: nappe (Noun). The profile of a body of water flowing over an obstruction in a vertical drop. nappe (Noun). Either of the two parts of a double cone. nappe (Noun). A sheet-like mass of rock that has been folded over adjacent strata" ], "url": [ "http://www.foodreference.com/html/t-nappe.html", "http://whatscookingamerica.net/Glossary/N.htm", "http://www.askmarxfoods.com/what-does-nappe-mean/", "http://www.askmarxfoods.com/what-does-nappe-mean/", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/nappe", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/nappe", "http://www.askmarxfoods.com/what-does-nappe-mean/", "http://www.definitions.net/definition/nappe" ] }

[ "The word may be from the Spanish for flat-nosed.. nap or nappe-French word that means to completely coat food with a light, thin, even layer of sauce or a jelly. Napoleon pastry (nuh-POH-lee-uhn) - It is known as mille-feuilles in France. Outside of France it is known as Napoleon.. It consists of layers of puff pastry interspersed with pastry cream or whipped cream and iced with fondant and chocolate or with confectioner's sugar. History: (1) It is believed to have been developed in France during the latter part of the 19th century." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "They're loud. It's a side effect of how they work. Changing the magnetic field causes a buildup of energy, and lot of the energy is released as soundwaves (some of it's released as heat, which is why there's some pretty impressive cooling systems in use on the machines as well). ", "People taking MRI scan say that it makes so much sound while operating. The magnetic field gradients in the MRI scanning process are trapped as rapid pulses into the computer to create 3-dimensional images of the region of body in the patient. The electric field creates magnetic pulses that are transient and not permanent. It is generated when the machine is running. There is also static magnetic field created strongly by the magnets in the machine. Essentially there are two magnetic fields created which are facing in opposite directions. MRI scanning is really a boon to the human society for diagnosing many disorders and helps the doctors for giving the patients optimal treatment. It is today considered a standard diagnostic technology available since its invention about 27 years ago.", "MRIs also notice the strength of these radio signals. Where there is a lot of water, for example in muscle, the signal is strong, and where there is less water, for example in bone, the signal is weak. The different strengths of the radio waves enable the MRI to fill in the image with the proper shades of gray. An MRI is noisy because its magnetic field is created by running electrical current through a coiled wire—an electromagnet. When the current is switched on, there is an outward force all along the coil. And because the magnetic field is so strong, the force on the coil is very large. The frequency of the proton's radio wave is determined by its wobbling rate; so the protons in water emit a radio frequency of about 50 million cycles per second. The heart of an MRI is basically just a strong magnet and a radio transmitter and receiver, plus a lot of electronics to coordinate their operation.", "Inside the scanner are coils of metallic wire. When electricity passes through the coils, a magnetic field is created and the coils vibrate. The sound the MRI makes is the metal coils vibrating and banging together inside the machine, creating a very strong magnetic field. The sound may reach up to 100 Decibels, so patients are required to use ear protection. We also have a sound system so the patient may enjoy music through headphones while being scanned.", "Magnetic resonance imaging produces images of the body by causing shifts in a very strong magnetic field and measuring how tissues react, Dr. Hentel said. The principal magnet of an M.R.I. scanner commonly is strong enough to produce fields 60,000 times the strength of the earth’s natural magnetic field. Inside the scanner are coils of metal wire called gradient coils. When electricity is passed through such a coil, a magnetic field is created. The pulses cause not just the desired changes but undesired vibrations of the gradient coils, resulting in the banging heard during an M.R.I. examination. As stronger magnets result in stronger vibrations, the higher the field strength of the M.R.I. scanner, measured in teslas, the louder the banging", "A. The banging is the vibration of metal coils in the machine caused by rapid pulses of electricity, said Dr. Keith Hentel, chief of emergency/musculoskeletal imaging at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center. The pulses cause not just the desired changes but undesired vibrations of the gradient coils, resulting in the banging heard during an M.R.I. examination. As stronger magnets result in stronger vibrations, the higher the field strength of the M.R.I. scanner, measured in teslas, the louder the banging, Dr. Hentel said.", "Best Answer: Actually, there isn't any machinery involved and the strength of the magnet is only a small part of the story. The underlying trick which makes MRI work are the rapidly pulsed magnetic field gradients which allow the computers to create a 3-D picture of the patient. ", "In the simplest terms, MRI machines use extremely powerful magnets combined with electromagnetic fields, and coils which produce radio waves, to produce detailed images of organs and tissues in your body. MRI machines do not use radiation and are non-invasive. They are, however, noisy. Noise is created when magnetic fields are cycled on and off, and when magnets exert an opposing force to each other. (There are several magnets in each MRI machine.) The noise is not harmful, but some people may find it alarming or annoying. At Zwanger-Pesiri Radiology, we have invested in special sound dampening walls in our MRI waiting rooms so that you do not hear sounds from other scans while you are waiting. While you are having the exam itself, we provide you with headphones to diminish the sound and increase your comfort.", "Question of the Month Answered by: Russ Jacobs, Ph.D., Member of the Beckman Institute, Biology. Magnetic resonance imaging machines, or MRIs, use strong magnetic fields and radio waves to look inside a patient without the need for surgery or the use of damaging radiation such as X-rays. The frequency of the proton's radio wave is determined by its wobbling rate; so the protons in water emit a radio frequency of about 50 million cycles per second. The heart of an MRI is basically just a strong magnet and a radio transmitter and receiver, plus a lot of electronics to coordinate their operation." ], "url": [ "http://ask.metafilter.com/105523/Insanely-loud-MRI-why", "http://www.knowswhy.com/why-is-mri-so-loud/", "http://www.caltech.edu/news/question-month-how-does-mri-work-and-why-it-so-noisy-98", "https://www.osc-ortho.com/services/open-mri/mri-frequently-asked-questions/why-is-the-mri-so-loud/", "http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/science/why-mri-machines-make-that-loud-noise.html", "http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/17/science/why-mri-machines-make-that-loud-noise.html", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071115102546AAFRoQm", "http://zpradiology.blogspot.com/2012/11/why-are-mri-machines-so-loud.html", "http://www.caltech.edu/news/question-month-how-does-mri-work-and-why-it-so-noisy-98" ] }

[ "MRIs also notice the strength of these radio signals. Where there is a lot of water, for example in muscle, the signal is strong, and where there is less water, for example in bone, the signal is weak. The different strengths of the radio waves enable the MRI to fill in the image with the proper shades of gray. An MRI is noisy because its magnetic field is created by running electrical current through a coiled wire—an electromagnet. When the current is switched on, there is an outward force all along the coil. And because the magnetic field is so strong, the force on the coil is very large. The frequency of the proton's radio wave is determined by its wobbling rate; so the protons in water emit a radio frequency of about 50 million cycles per second. The heart of an MRI is basically just a strong magnet and a radio transmitter and receiver, plus a lot of electronics to coordinate their operation." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Mexican food aside, Spain has so much more to offer in terms of food and drink. Forget what you think you know about Spanish food and start from scratch when you arrive. Spain is such a culturally diverse country, with 17 distinct regions, each with their own history, foods, and even their own languages. The north of Spain is a very good place to eat, but Paella is a more popular food in the south. In large cities, sometimes, frozen paella is served to tourists, and so it is best to test it in other smaller cities. My mother cooks a very good Paella, and she is not from Valencia. 2.", "Robert George Young/Photographer's Choice RF/Getty Images. Spaniards love their food! In fact, the typical Spaniard probably eats more food than any one of us in the USA, but they take their time eating, spread their meals throughout the day, and walk between meals. Spaniards are night owls. The typical Spaniard does not eat dinner until at least 9 o’clock in the evening and probably does not get to bed until close to midnight. On the weekends, on holidays and during the summer months, it wouldn’t be unusual for a Spanish family to turn in round 3 or 4 o’clock in the morning.", "In fact, a 2010 economic study by 'La Caixa' reported that in Spain there is a staggering ratio of one bar and/or restaurant for every 129 Spaniards. What we can deduce from these figures is simple: food and drink are an important part of the Spanish culture. Discover the Spanish cuisine & eating customs such as the Spanish bars, restaurants and tapas. You can find information about the Spanish dining time line, the Mediterranean food diet and the famous Spanish siesta.", "People from Alabama eat a wide range of foods, including anything from Chinese foods to Italian foods. Since we are in the South, we eat a lot of deep fried foods (fried chick … en, for example) and drink a lot of sweet iced tea. 1 person found this useful. CHUUKESE PEOPLE EAT HEALTHY FOOD..SUCH AS TARO,BREADFRUTS,FISH,BANANA,COCONUTS,RICE,..all kinds of seafood...", "One thing is certain in Spain. There's no reason to go hungry. Restaurants of every variety, food venders, and food markets are almost everywhere in the inner cities. At regular intervals along the regional highways of Spain, just as in the USA, one can find roadside restaurants.", "Confidence votes 17.1K. The Spanish eat a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, sea food, chicken, pork and beef in that order. They also use rice and chick peas. What differs from one region to another is the way they put them together. Some of Spain's best fish restaurants are in Madrid and La Dorada is one of them, one of their great dishes is called the Dorada al Sal. Some of the most popular foods in Spai … n are fish, potatoes, rice, ham, cheese and sausage. Many of them also grow their own fruits and vegetables.", "Tapas are the most popular food in Spain. These are a many types of food, I don’t explain it correctly because really these are a many types of food, but all of tapas are a small portions. If you visit Madrid, Barcelona or Valencia and you want to eat Tapas, it’s probably that you pay too much. The north of Spain is a very good place to eat, but Paella is a more popular food in the south. In large cities, sometimes, frozen paella is served to tourists, and so it is best to test it in other smaller cities. My mother cooks a very good Paella, and she is not from Valencia. 2.", "The welsh mostly eat the same sorts of foods as the rest of Britain and to a certain extent, the USA. There are some traditional welsh dishes however, some of which are; … Welsh Rarebit-type of cheese on toast Welsh cakes Bara Brith-A traditional rich cake that is often the centrepiece of a table. CHUUKESE PEOPLE EAT HEALTHY FOOD..SUCH AS TARO,BREADFRUTS,FISH,BANANA,COCONUTS,RICE,..all kinds of seafood..." ], "url": [ "http://landlopers.com/2013/02/06/food-avoid-spain", "http://spanishfood.about.com/od/discoverspanishfood/a/spain_meals.htm", "http://www.donquijote.org/culture/spain/society/food/eating-customs", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_kind_of_food_do_spanish_people_eat", "http://www.travelinginspain.com/spaineats.htm", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_foods_do_people_in_Spain_eat", "http://landlopers.com/2013/02/06/food-avoid-spain", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_kind_of_food_do_spanish_people_eat" ] }

[ "Confidence votes 17.1K. The Spanish eat a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables, fish, sea food, chicken, pork and beef in that order. They also use rice and chick peas. What differs from one region to another is the way they put them together. Some of Spain's best fish restaurants are in Madrid and La Dorada is one of them, one of their great dishes is called the Dorada al Sal. Some of the most popular foods in Spai … n are fish, potatoes, rice, ham, cheese and sausage. Many of them also grow their own fruits and vegetables." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "One family, Candida Albicans, lives in all mucous membranes, such as the eyes, ears, bladder, stomach lungs, vagina, and intestines. It is one of the billions of other friendly organisms that serve a useful purpose in the body. One of its important functions is to recognise and destroy harmful bacteria. This enables it to strengthn and take further hold. Candida is the name used to describe yeast overgrowth in the body. The technical term is Candidiasis. Candida is a yeast that is a single cell fungi that velongs to the vegetable kingdom.", "Candida Albicans is an opportunistic fungus (or form of yeast) that is the cause of many undesirable symptoms ranging from fatigue and weight gain, to joint pain and gas. The Candida Albicans yeast is a part of the gut flora, a group of microorganisms that live in your mouth and intestine. When the Candida Albicans population starts getting out of control it weakens the intestinal wall, penetrating through into the bloodstream and releasing its toxic byproducts throughout the body. Candida Albicans starts to cause trouble when there is some change in your body that allows it to overgrow. This change could be anything from a few courses of antibiotics, a prolonged diet rich in carbohydrates and sugar, or even something as common as a lengthy period of stress at work.", "For other uses, see Candida. Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Many species are harmless commensals or endosymbionts of hosts including humans; however, when mucosal barriers are disrupted or the immune system is compromised they can invade and cause disease. Among Candida species, C. albicans, which is a normal constituent of the human flora, a commensal of the skin and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, is responsible for the majority of Candida bloodstream infections (candidemia).", "Candida Albicans is a yeast that occurs naturally in the human body. It is meant to be there! Normally (and ideally!!) it lives in harmony with a variety of other microorganisms and is designed to perform a number of important functions in the body. This enables it to strengthn and take further hold. Candida is the name used to describe yeast overgrowth in the body. The technical term is Candidiasis. Candida is a yeast that is a single cell fungi that velongs to the vegetable kingdom.", "Almost everyone has Candida Albicans in their gut, and a significant proportion of us may have Candidiasis, or an overgrowth of Candida. Candida Albicans starts to cause trouble when there is some change in your body that allows it to overgrow. This change could be anything from a few courses of antibiotics, a prolonged diet rich in carbohydrates and sugar, or even something as common as a lengthy period of stress at work.", "Candida albicans is the most commonly isolated species, and can cause infections (candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals. In winemaking, some species of Candida can potentially spoil wines. Among Candida species, C. albicans, which is a normal constituent of the human flora, a commensal of the skin and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, is responsible for the majority of Candida bloodstream infections (candidemia).", "Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans, and candidal onychomycosis, an infection of the nail plate. ", "Candida is a genus of yeasts and is the most common cause of fungal infections worldwide. Among Candida species, C. albicans, which is a normal constituent of the human flora, a commensal of the skin and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts, is responsible for the majority of Candida bloodstream infections (candidemia).", "Infections with Candida albicans are the most common type of yeast infection. Doctors sometimes call the condition Candidiasis or thrush, and they may culture scrapings from the site of infection to determine which individual species is causing the infection. The genus Candida encompasses a number of individual yeast species. Many of the members of this genus live on and in the human body normally, but they can pose a risk to human health in the form of opportunistic infections. An infection can be irritating, but it is treatable with the use of an anti-fungal medication.", "Candida Albicans is an opportunistic fungus (or form of yeast) that is the cause of many undesirable symptoms ranging from fatigue and weight gain, to joint pain and gas. Candida overgrowth can result from many different causes, but antibiotics and poor diet are the most common. The purpose of a Candida Cleanse is to reduce the excess growth of Candida, then repopulate the intestine with ‘good’ bacteria using probiotics. The Candida Cleanse is a 3-step process, which you can see detailed below" ], "url": [ "http://www.candida-health.com/what-is-candida.html", "http://www.thecandidadiet.com/what-is-candida-albicans/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_(fungus)", "http://www.candida-health.com/what-is-candida.html", "http://www.thecandidadiet.com/what-is-candida-albicans/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_(fungus)", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_albicans", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candida_(fungus)", "http://www.wisegeekhealth.com/what-is-candida.htm", "http://www.justcleansing.com/candida.htm" ] }

[ "Candida Albicans is an opportunistic fungus (or form of yeast) that is the cause of many undesirable symptoms ranging from fatigue and weight gain, to joint pain and gas. Candida overgrowth can result from many different causes, but antibiotics and poor diet are the most common. The purpose of a Candida Cleanse is to reduce the excess growth of Candida, then repopulate the intestine with ‘good’ bacteria using probiotics. The Candida Cleanse is a 3-step process, which you can see detailed below" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "For over 25 years, Ethical Funds has proven that it's possible to invest with a conscience as companies that combine strong financial performance and rigorous Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) practices have the greatest potential to outperform over the long-term. Ethical Funds is Canada's most comprehensive family of socially responsible mutual funds. Our full suite of Funds provides domestic and global investment options, including complete portfolios solutions designed for a broad range of investor risk-return profiles.", "For example, an ethical fund might exclude securities of companies that are known to practice discrimination, that operate in certain countries, or that produce specific products (for example, those having to do with nuclear weapons or nuclear power plants). An ethical fund is marketed to investors who may have moral objections to certain investment vehicles or companies.", "While many ethical funds adopt one or two ethical investment methods, Australian Ethical applies three methods to identify positive investments: 1 Negative screening – Avoiding investment in industries which have a negative impact on society and the environment. Ethical investment is also known as sustainable investment and socially responsible investment (SRI). The term describes an investment process that incorporates environmental and social factors when selecting investments, in addition to the objective of achieving a competitive financial return.", "A green or ethical/SRI (socially responsible investment) fund is a fund where the choice of investments is influenced by one or more social, environmental or other ethical criterion. For example, an ethical fund might have criteria which enable it to invest in the oil and gas sector, but only in those oil companies which are ‘best in their class’ as they have a better record on the environment and human rights than others in their sector.", "The first depends, of course, on how much money you want to make. Ethical investment funds can beat their benchmarks and outperform many non–ethical counterparts, though not all will do so all of the time. However, it is rare for an ethical fund to be the top–performing fund in any given sector. In a similar vein, there are ethical banks that pay reasonable interest rates on cash Isas. But again, these rarely trouble the top of the best buy tables. So you can get a decent return on your money by following your principles. But adopting an ethical strategy is unlikely to be the best route if you want to make as much money as possible. The other consideration is to think about what you mean by ethical. Some funds take a uncompromising approach, automatically excluding companies that derive profits from tobacco, alcohol, pornography, gambling, the fur trade and armament", "Ethical Fund. A mutual fund in which the asset managers make investment decisions based upon some ethical code. An ethical fund is marketed to investors who may have moral objections to certain investment vehicles or companies. For example, an individual may have a moral objection to smoking and may therefore buy shares in a mutual fund that refrains from investing in tobacco companies", "Green and ethical funds. A green or ethical/SRI (socially responsible investment) fund is a fund where the choice of investments is influenced by one or more social, environmental or other ethical criterion. There are three main approaches to green and ethical investment: screening, best in class and engagement. For example, an ethical fund might have criteria which enable it to invest in the oil and gas sector, but only in those oil companies which are ‘best in their class’ as they have a better record on the environment and human rights than others in their sector." ], "url": [ "http://www.neiinvestments.com/pages/about-nei/about-ethical-funds/", "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ethical+fund", "https://www.australianethical.com.au/what-is-ethical-investment/", "http://www.eiris.org/advisers/ethical-funds/", "http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/personalfinance/investing/funds/10755958/Fund-tips-Which-are-the-best-ethical-Isas.html", "http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/ethical+fund", "http://www.eiris.org/advisers/ethical-funds/" ] }

[ "Ethical Fund. A mutual fund in which the asset managers make investment decisions based upon some ethical code. An ethical fund is marketed to investors who may have moral objections to certain investment vehicles or companies. For example, an individual may have a moral objection to smoking and may therefore buy shares in a mutual fund that refrains from investing in tobacco companies" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The National Motor Freight Classification ® (NMFC ®) is a standard that provides a comparison of commodities moving in interstate, intrastate and foreign commerce. It is similar in concept to the groupings or grading systems that serve many other industries. Commodities are grouped into one of 18 classes—from a low of class 50 to a high of class 500—based on an evaluation of four transportation characteristics: density, handling, stowability and liability. The National Motor Freight Classification is a comprehensive, invaluable resource for transportation and packaging professionals. To order the National Motor Freight Classification, please click here.", "Freight classes (there are 18 of them) are based on weight, length and height, density, ease of handling, value and liability from things like theft, damage, break-ability and spoilage. For the most part, the lower the NMFC class number, the lower the freight charge. Part of FML’s job is to help you figure out your NMFC freight class, insuring the specialized code is correct. This insures that you get correct and consistent pricing for your freight", "NMFC’s are a standard for comparing various commodities that help to identify what you are shipping. The freight class relates to that commodity in its handling, stowability, density and liability, and is grouped into 18 freight classes. When looking into NMFC’s and figuring out a freight class, a number of commodities are density based, so you need to know the Pounds per Cubic Foot, or PCF of the item. To get an idea of your PCF, use our Density Calculator.", "The National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) created a freight classification system for all types of commodities to standardize freight pricing. This freight classification, including definitions of classes, is cataloged with National Motor Freight Classification tariff, commonly referred to as the NMFC. Shipping commodities are grouped into 18 freight classes between 50 and 500.", "The National Motor Freight Traffic Association publishes the National Motor Freight Classification™ (NMFC®), a standard that provides a comparison of commodities moving in commerce. The NMFC® is developed and maintained by the Commodity Classification Standards Board (CCSB). The NMFC® is a voluntary standard that provides a comparison of commodities moving in interstate, intrastate and foreign commerce. It is similar in concept to the groupings or grading systems that serve many other industries.", "The following table describes the NMFC classes and is meant for general guidance in picking your freight class, a number of factors influence what class your shipment ends up in. You should contact FML Freight Representative to determine an accurate freight class. For the most part, the lower the NMFC class number, the lower the freight charge. Part of FML’s job is to help you figure out your NMFC freight class, insuring the specialized code is correct.", "NMFC is a term used for National Motor Freight Classification. It is a standard which applies to provide certain comparisons of different commodities which are being transferred to inter and intra state or foreign commerce. ", "Welcome to ClassIT®. ClassIT® provides carriers and shippers the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), a standard tool that compares commodities moving in interstate, intrastate and foreign commerce. Without a working knowledge of how to use the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC), you may not get the full benefits of this powerful tool. NMFTA offers a variety of training options, such as our one-day seminar, to help you get the most from the NMFC.", "Freight Class is the category of your freight defined by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association. (NMFTA). It is also referred to as NMFC: National Motor Freight Classification. The class of your shipment is determined by its contents, as different types of products have different shipping costs. Each item # has a freight class. All Item numbers and freight classes are catalogued in the NMFC tariff for carriers. Domestic LTL Carriers use the NMFC tariff to determine their freight charges. This is why your shipment's freight class is needed in order to calculate correct shipping charges." ], "url": [ "http://www.nmfta.org/pages/nmfc", "http://www.fmlfreight.com/freight-101/freight-classes/", "http://shipgsl.com/shipping-tools/nmfc-code-request/", "http://www.freightquote.com/howtoship/freight-class.aspx", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Motor_Freight_Classification", "http://www.fmlfreight.com/freight-101/freight-classes/", "http://www.qwhatis.com/what-is-nmfc/", "https://classit.nmfta.org/", "http://www.freightshippingcenter.com/freightclass.htm" ] }

[ "The National Motor Freight Classification ® (NMFC ®) is a standard that provides a comparison of commodities moving in interstate, intrastate and foreign commerce. It is similar in concept to the groupings or grading systems that serve many other industries. Commodities are grouped into one of 18 classes—from a low of class 50 to a high of class 500—based on an evaluation of four transportation characteristics: density, handling, stowability and liability. The National Motor Freight Classification is a comprehensive, invaluable resource for transportation and packaging professionals. To order the National Motor Freight Classification, please click here." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The thyroid gland also produces another hormone called calcitonin, and the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin participate in control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and have significant effects on bone physiology. ", "Your thyroid gland produces the hormones T3 and thyroxine (T4), which play a role in metabolism. Your thyroid also produces calcitonin, which helps regulate blood calcium levels. In this lesson, you will learn about the thyroid gland and its hormones, including how they are regulated by TSH. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is a hormone that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4. We previously learned that thyroid-stimulating hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, which is the important master gland that is responsible for affecting many body organs.", "The thyroid gland produces 3 hormones; calcitonin, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). T3 and T4 have similar functions and are involved in the control of metabolism, whereas calcitonin is involved in regulating the levels of blood calcium. Calcitonin. Calcitonin is produced by the C cells of the thyroid gland and is released when levels of calcium in the blood are increased. Its role is to decrease the amount of calcium in the blood. It has the opposite action to parathyroid hormone, which increases the amount of calcium in the blood when levels fall", "From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Calcitonin (also known as thyrocalcitonin) is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the parafollicular cells (also known as C-cells) of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. ", "Calcitonin. The thyroid gland cells also make a hormone called calcitonin. Calcitonin works in partnership with another hormone called parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone is made by glands called the parathyroid glands, which are behind the thyroid gland and are attached to it.", "Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced and released by the C-cells of the thyroid gland. Its biological function in humans is unclear. Alternative names for calcitonin CT; thyrocalcitonin. What is calcitonin? Calcitonin is a hormone that is produced in humans by the parafollicular cells (commonly known as C-cells) of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin is involved in helping to regulate levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood, opposing the action of parathyroid hormone" ], "url": [ "http://arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/the-thyroid-gland-functions-calcitonin-tsh.html", "http://www.thyroid.com.au/the-thyroid-gland-and-its-hormones/", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcitonin", "http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/type/thyroid-cancer/about/the-thyroid-gland", "http://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/calcitonin.aspx" ] }

[ "The thyroid gland also produces another hormone called calcitonin, and the parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin participate in control of calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and have significant effects on bone physiology. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "It just depends on what kind of games you want to make; Java games, Flash games (ActionScript), iOS games(Objective C)…etc. But I want to note that by far the most popular programming language in the game industry, and not necessarily multimillion dollar games, is C++.", "Image: Wikimedia Commons. What it is: Java is a class-based, object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the 1990s. It's one of the most in-demand programming languages, a standard for enterprise software, web-based content, games and mobile apps, as well as the Android operating system. Java is designed to work across multiple software platforms, meaning a program written on Mac OS X, for example, could also run on Windows.", "Image: Wikimedia Commons. What it is: A general-purpose, imperative programming language developed in the early '70s, C is the oldest and most widely used language, providing the building blocks for other popular languages, such as C#, Java, JavaScript and Python. C is mostly used for implementing operating systems and embedded applications.", "1. Java is top pick as one of the most popular programming languages, used for building server-side applications to video games and mobile apps. It's also the core foundation for developing Android apps, making it a favorite of many programmers.", "Java. Java is top pick as one of the most popular programming languages, used for building server-side applications to video games and mobile apps. It's also the core foundation for developing Android apps, making it a favorite of many programmers.", "On the TIOBE list of most popular programming languages, Java ranked second behind C. The language remains a powerhouse in the enterprise and continues to see growth from areas such as mobile and big data, where Java-based Hadoop is hot." ], "url": [ "https://www.quora.com/What-programming-language-is-the-most-used-to-make-video-games-Which-is-the-best", "http://mashable.com/2014/01/21/learn-programming-languages/", "http://mashable.com/2014/01/21/learn-programming-languages/", "http://www.inc.com/larry-kim/10-most-popular-programming-languages-today.html", "http://www.inc.com/larry-kim/10-most-popular-programming-languages-today.html", "http://www.eweek.com/developer/slideshows/top-10-programming-languages-for-job-seekers-in-2014.html" ] }

[ "Java. Java is top pick as one of the most popular programming languages, used for building server-side applications to video games and mobile apps. It's also the core foundation for developing Android apps, making it a favorite of many programmers." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Glycogen synthase catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogen synthesis. Its activity is regulated by a complex phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism and by allosteric stimulators and inhibitors. Liver glycogen storage disease type 0 (GSD0A; 240600), or liver glycogen synthase deficiency, is a rare form of fasting hypoglycemia presenting in infancy or early childhood and accompanied by high blood ketones and low alanine and lactate concentrations.", "The GYS2 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called liver glycogen synthase. Liver glycogen synthase is produced solely in liver cells, where it helps form the complex sugar glycogen by linking together molecules of the simple sugar glucose. Glucose that is taken in from food is stored in the body as glycogen, which is a major source of energy.", "Glycogen synthase can be classified in two general protein families. The first family (GT3), which is from mammals and yeast, is approximately 80 kDa, uses UDP-glucose as a sugar donor, and is regulated by phosphorylation and ligand binding. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal structure of glycogen synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution.", "10 most extreme places on Earth. Glycogen synthase is one of many enzymes found within the human body. An enzyme is a type of protein which works to catalyze, or speed up, various chemical reactions within the body. Glycogen synthase helps to convert glucose, or blood sugar, into glycogen. Glucose is a simple sugar used by the cells of the body to create energy. Glycogen is a carbohydrate that serves as the primary storage form of glucose, and it's found mostly in the liver", "Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen. It takes short polymers of glucose and converts them into long polymers of glycogen. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal structure of glycogen synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution.", "This enzyme is activated by phosphorylation from ATP by glycogen phosphorylase kinase, activated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase or by Ca 2 + via calmodulin, or inhibited by hydrolysis of the phosphate by glycogen phosphorylase phosphatase. glycogen synthase. an enzyme in the glycogenesis process. glycogen. a polysaccharide, the chief carbohydrate storage material in animals. It is formed and stored in the liver and muscles (phosphorylytically cleaved to glucose-1-phosphate). Called also animal starch. glycogen granules. electron-dense accumulation of glycogen molecules.", "Glycogen is a high molecular mass polysaccharide that serves as a repository of glucose for use in times of metabolic need. Glycogen synthase (EC 2.4.1.11) catalyzes the addition of glucose monomers to the growing glycogen molecule through the formation of alpha-1,4-glycoside linkages (Pederson et al., 2004). (2007) summarized the functions of muscle glycogen synthase and liver glycogen synthase, the key enzymes of glycogen synthesis, encoded by the GYS1 and GYS2 (138571) genes, respectively. The liver enzyme expression is restricted to the liver, whereas the muscle enzyme is ubiquitously expressed.", "The two forms of glycogen synthase are identified by the same nomenclature as used for glycogen phosphorylase. The unphosphorylated and most active form is glycogen synthase-a and the phosphorylated, glucose-6-phosphate-dependent form is glycogen synthase-b. Glycogen is a polymer of glucose residues linked by α-(1,4)- and α-(1,6)-glycosidic bonds. A second major source of stored glucose is the glycogen of skeletal muscle. However, muscle glycogen is not generally available to other tissues, because muscle lacks the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase. Glycogen Structure.", "In other words, this enzyme converts excess glucose residues one by one into a polymeric chain for storage as glycogen. Glycogen synthase concentration is highest in the bloodstream 30 to 60 minutes following intense exercise. It is a key enzyme in glycogenesis. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal structure of glycogen synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution.", "Genetic mutations can cause glycogen synthase abnormalities which can cause fasting hypoglycemia. Glycogen is a carbohydrate that serves as the primary storage form of glucose, and it's found mostly in the liver. Glucose is a simple sugar used by the cells of the body to create energy. The main place that glycogen is found in the body is in the liver" ], "url": [ "http://omim.org/entry/138571", "http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/GYS2", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_synthase", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-glycogen-synthase.htm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_synthase", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/glycogen+synthase", "http://www.omim.org/entry/138570", "http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/glycogen.php", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycogen_synthase", "http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-glycogen-synthase.htm" ] }

[ "Glycogen synthase (UDP-glucose-glycogen glucosyltransferase) is an enzyme involved in converting glucose to glycogen. It takes short polymers of glucose and converts them into long polymers of glycogen. On the other hand, much less is known about the structure of glycogen synthase, the key regulatory enzyme of glycogen synthesis. The crystal structure of glycogen synthase from Agrobacterium tumefaciens, however, has been determined at 2.3 A resolution." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "simple carbs one of the reasons inflammation occurs is from a rapid rise in blood sugar which causes biochemical changes in the cell staying away from sugar and high glycemic simple carbohydrates which the body rapidly converts to sugar is one of the best ways to decrease inflammation is usually associated with heat swelling redness and pain in the body silent inflammation is the more dangerous version because it falls under the radar screen of our senses and causes illness to become more prominent without us noticing", "some but not all types of arthritis are the result of misdirected inflammation arthritis is a general term that describes inflammation in joints some types of arthritis associated with inflammation include rheumatoid arthritis psoriatic arthritis gouty arthritis systemic lupus erythematosus", "inflammation is a process in which the body s white blood cells and immune proteins help protect us from infection and foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses in some diseases however the body s defense system immune system triggers an inflammatory response when there are no foreign substances to fight off", "gla is found in leafy green vegetables olive oil walnut oil sunflower oil soybean oil canola oil avocados nut butters and macadamia nuts and again have anti inflammatory properties when it comes to getting good fats i highly recommend taking a high quality fish oil ever day", "quercetin found in onions is good for inflammation as well consume half of a fresh pineapple or fresh papaya daily pineapple contains bromelain and papaya contains papain both enzymes that reduce swelling and inflammation it should reduce the pain and swelling in two to six days" ], "url": [ "http://www.wethechange.com/how-to-reduce-inflammation-in-the-body-and-why-you-need-to-do-this/", "http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/arthritis-inflammation", "http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/guide/arthritis-inflammation", "http://www.wethechange.com/how-to-reduce-inflammation-in-the-body-and-why-you-need-to-do-this/", "https://www.homemademedicine.com/home-remedies-inflammation.html" ] }

[ "quercetin found in onions is good for inflammation as well consume half of a fresh pineapple or fresh papaya daily pineapple contains bromelain and papaya contains papain both enzymes that reduce swelling and inflammation it should reduce the pain and swelling in two to six days" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "The trachea, colloquially called the windpipe, is a tube that connects the pharynx and larynx to the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all air-breathing animals with lungs. The epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing. The trachea develops in the second month of development. It is lined with an epithelium that has goblet cells which produce protective mucins. An inflammatory condition, also involving the larynx and bronchi, called croup can result in a barking cough.", "Inside the trachea at the level of the fifth thoracic vertebra (T5) there is a cartilaginous ridge known as the carina of trachea which runs across from the front to the back of the trachea and marks the point of bifurcation into the right and left primary bronchi. The epiglottis closes the opening to the larynx during swallowing. The trachea develops in the second month of development. It is lined with an epithelium that has goblet cells which produce protective mucins. An inflammatory condition, also involving the larynx and bronchi, called croup can result in a barking cough.", "The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung. The trachea is composed of about 20 rings of tough cartilage. ", "Structure [edit]. The trachea (windpipe) divides into two main or primary bronchi, the left and the right, at the level of the sternal angle and of the fifth thoracic vertebra or up to two vertebrae higher or lower, depending on breathing, at the anatomical point the carina of trachea. The right bronchus now passes below the artery, and is known as the hyparterial branch which divides into the two lobar bronchi to the middle and lower lobes. The left main bronchus is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being 5 cm long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebr", "They have a structure like that of the trachea, in that they comprise tubes supported by cartilage rings, but are smaller in diameter. The point at which the trachea divides into the left and right primary bronchus is known as the carina, and it's located just above the heart. Answer by Brandoneson. Confidence votes 19. The two branches of the trachea are called the bronchi (singuar bronchus). The left and right primary bronchi connect the trachea to the bronchioles and carry air into the lungs.", "The left main bronchus divides into two secondary or lobar bronchi to deliver air to the two lobes of the left lung—the superior and the inferior lobe. The secondary bronchi divide further into tertiary bronchi, (also known as segmental bronchi), each of which supplies a bronchopulmonary segment. The right bronchus now passes below the artery, and is known as the hyparterial branch which divides into the two lobar bronchi to the middle and lower lobes. The left main bronchus is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being 5 cm long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra", "The trachea or windpipe (Fig. 961) is a cartilaginous and membranous tube, extending from the lower part of the larynx, on a level with the sixth cervical vertebra, to the upper border of the fifth thoracic vertebra, where it divides into the two bronchi, one for each lung.", "A bronchus, also known as a main or primary bronchus, is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into the lungs. There is a right bronchus and a left bronchus and these bronchi branch into smaller secondary and tertiary bronchi which branch into smaller tubes, known as bronchioles. The right bronchus now passes below the artery, and is known as the hyparterial branch which divides into the two lobar bronchi to the middle and lower lobes. The left main bronchus is smaller in caliber but longer than the right, being 5 cm long. It enters the root of the left lung opposite the sixth thoracic vertebra" ], "url": [ "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachea", "http://www.webmd.com/lung/picture-of-the-trachea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchus", "http://www.answers.com/Q/What_are_the_two_branches_of_the_trachea", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchus", "http://www.theodora.com/anatomy/the_trachea_and_bronchi.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchus" ] }

[ "The trachea, commonly known as the windpipe, is a tube about 4 inches long and less than an inch in diameter in most people. The trachea begins just under the larynx (voice box) and runs down behind the breastbone (sternum). The trachea then divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi: one bronchus for each lung. The trachea is composed of about 20 rings of tough cartilage. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "S. marcescens can cause infection in several sites, including the urinary tract, respiratory tract, wounds, and the eye, where it may cause conjunctivitis, keratitis, endophthalmitis, and tear duct infections. It is commonly found in the respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults and in the gastrointestinal system of children. Serratia may be correctly pronounced Ser-ra-shia (common) or Ser-rah-tee-a.", "S. marcescens results in a negative test. Another determination of S. marcescens is its capability to produce lactic acid via oxidative and fermentative metabolism. Therefore, it is said that S. marcescens is lactic acid O/F+. It is commonly found in the respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults and in the gastrointestinal system of children. Serratia may be correctly pronounced Ser-ra-shia (common) or Ser-rah-tee-a.", "There are other biochemical tests that help to identify Serratia marcescens in the lab. It is negative for the methyl red test due to their production of 2, 3 - butanediol and ethanol, but positive for the Voges-Proskauer test, which shows an organism’s ability to convert pyruvate to acetoin [4]. Hydrolysis of casein is not a common trait and is therefore useful in the differentiation of Serratia marcescens from the 438 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families [12]. Serratia marcescens has the reproducible capability to break down casein producing a clearing on milk agar plates. Casein is a protein precipitated from milk that forms the basis of cheese and certain plastics [5", "S. marcescens results in a negative test. Another determination of S. marcescens is its capability to produce lactic acid by oxidative and fermentative metabolism. Therefore, it is said that S. marcescens is lactic acid O/F+. Due to this, and because S. marcescens produces a reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called prodigiosin, it may cause staining of the teeth.", "S. marcescens may also be found in environments such as dirt, supposedly sterile places, and the subgingival biofilm of teeth. Due to this, and because S. marcescens produces a reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called prodigiosin, it may cause staining of the teeth. The biochemical pathway for the production of prodigiosin by S. marcescens is unknown except for the final two steps", "It is differentiated from other Gram-negative bacteria by its ability to perform casein hydrolysis, which allows it to produce extracellular metalloproteinases which are believed to function in cell-to-extracellular matrix interactions. S. marcescens also exhibits tryptophan and citrate degradation. It is commonly found in the respiratory and urinary tracts of hospitalized adults and in the gastrointestinal system of children. Serratia may be correctly pronounced Ser-ra-shia (common) or Ser-rah-tee-a.", "Serratia marcescens is a species of rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Due to this, and because S. marcescens produces a reddish-orange tripyrrole pigment called prodigiosin, it may cause staining of the teeth.", "Serratia marcescens is motile and travels by several different means. A single Serratia marcescens bacterium can swim with the use of its flagellum [17]. As a group they can swarm together on agar of lower concentrations (0 .5-0.8%) [8]. Hydrolysis of casein is not a common trait and is therefore useful in the differentiation of Serratia marcescens from the 438 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families [12]. Serratia marcescens has the reproducible capability to break down casein producing a clearing on milk agar plates. Casein is a protein precipitated from milk that forms the basis of cheese and certain plastics [5", "Serratia marcescens is negative for acid production on lactose, but positive glucose and sucrose (with gas production) fermentation. Nitrate tests are positive since nitrate is generally used as the final electron acceptor rather than oxygen [4]. Hydrolysis of casein is not a common trait and is therefore useful in the differentiation of Serratia marcescens from the 438 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families [12]. Serratia marcescens has the reproducible capability to break down casein producing a clearing on milk agar plates. Casein is a protein precipitated from milk that forms the basis of cheese and certain plastics [5" ], "url": [ "https://www.parasitetesting.com/Serratia-marcescens.cfm", "https://www.parasitetesting.com/Serratia-marcescens.cfm", "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Serratia_marcescens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratia_marcescens", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratia_marcescens", "https://www.parasitetesting.com/Serratia-marcescens.cfm", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serratia_marcescens", "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Serratia_marcescens", "http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Serratia_marcescens" ] }

[ "There are other biochemical tests that help to identify Serratia marcescens in the lab. It is negative for the methyl red test due to their production of 2, 3 - butanediol and ethanol, but positive for the Voges-Proskauer test, which shows an organism’s ability to convert pyruvate to acetoin [4]. Hydrolysis of casein is not a common trait and is therefore useful in the differentiation of Serratia marcescens from the 438 strains of Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonadaceae families [12]. Serratia marcescens has the reproducible capability to break down casein producing a clearing on milk agar plates. Casein is a protein precipitated from milk that forms the basis of cheese and certain plastics [5" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1 ], "passage_text": [ "They usually set on top of a flower and drink the nectar. To see a congregation of many kinds of butterflies together they feed on small puddles on the grouind or wet areas on leaves and plants. See the section below if you are interested in what Caterpillars eat.", "In fact, you may find that in one part of the country the butterflies may prefer to eat from one type of nectar plant and in another area they may prefer a different nectar plant. Butterfly nectar plant preferences can even vary from garden to garden which may be due to changes in soil types, pH, etc.", "Most butterflies eat (actually they “drink”) from nectar plants (while the plants that caterpillars eat are called host plants). Each species of butterflies has nectar plants that they prefer but many adult butterflies will feed from a wide variety of nectar sources. Butterflies are not as specific in their food source as are their caterpillars. A few adult butterfly species even prefer rotting fruit and dung as opposed to nectar.", "What do caterpillars eat. Caterpillars eat mostly leaves and other various plants parts. Each species of catepillars eats only a few kinds of plants or plant parts. That is why finding good host plants to grow in your butterfly garden can be unique to what types of butterflies are native in your area.", "The butterfly's mouthpart, or proboscis, is used to probe for and drink nectar from flowers. Their proboscis is like a long, spiral-like tube and works in a remarkable way, similar to that of an elephant's trunk. As the butterfly forces blood into this spiral-like tube, it then becomes straight.", "Most adult butterflies drink nectar from flowers through their tongues, which function much like straws. A minority of butterflies almost never visits flowers, instead gaining sustenance from tree sap, rotting animal matter, and other organic material. Butterfly caterpillars almost all eat plant matter." ], "url": [ "http://www.whatdobutterflieseat.info/", "http://www.joyfulbutterfly.com/what-do-butterflies-eat/", "http://www.joyfulbutterfly.com/what-do-butterflies-eat/", "http://www.whatdobutterflieseat.info/", "http://www.gardenguides.com/631-butterflies-need-besides-nectar.html", "http://www.naba.org/qanda.html" ] }

[ "Most adult butterflies drink nectar from flowers through their tongues, which function much like straws. A minority of butterflies almost never visits flowers, instead gaining sustenance from tree sap, rotting animal matter, and other organic material. Butterfly caterpillars almost all eat plant matter." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 As of 2014, there is a $15 minimum for all rides. 2 The official Uber.com blog notes that the average ride is going to be double of a cab ride; however, when you put everything in perspective, it is well worth it when you factor in your valuable time. 1 Uber charges a fee calculated on a distance basis when the vehicle is traveling faster than 11 mph (miles per hour). 2 Otherwise, the fee is calculated on a time basis below that speed.", "Know the rates. Uber charges are based on a combination of time and distance. If the car is travelling under 11 mph (18 km/h), you will be charged by the minute, and if you are travelling over 11 mph (18 km/h), you will be charged by the mile. You will also have to pay a base rate, that varies by location. Don’t pay in cash. All fare payments are handled automatically by the Uber service and your credit card on file. If using the TAXI service, you can select the amount to be tipped through your Uber Payment Settings-the default is 20%.", "1 The Uber app will provide you with the phone number of your driver. 2 You can use this contact the driver if you have any special considerations. 3 If you need to cancel your reservation, you will be charged a $5-$10 fee if you cancel after five minutes. 4 Average pickup times vary by city, time, and amount of business. Don’t pay in cash. All fare payments are handled automatically by the Uber service and your credit card on file. If using the TAXI service, you can select the amount to be tipped through your Uber Payment Settings-the default is 20%.", "To only use Uber for transportation in D.C., one website estimates that you'd spend $19,107.67 annually to get around. NerdWallet attempted to calculate the cost of owning a car and using ride-sharing services like Uber and Lyft so people could see if it's financially reasonable to ditch their vehicle. We didn’t account for surge pricing or Lyft Line or Uber Pool — the carpool rideshare options that can cut costs up to 50 percent less than our estimates. Using that formula, the annual Uber estimate for Washington, D.C. is $19,107.67, and the annual Lyft estimate is $19,528.17.", "Your Uber fare is calculated on 4 criteria: 1 Base fare – A flat fee charged at the beginning of the ride. 2 Cost per minute – How much you’re charged for each minute you’re inside the ride. 3 Cost per mile – How much you’re charged for each mile of the ride. 4 Safe Rides Fee – A flat $1 fee (Not included for UberBlack and UberSUV). 1", "Rates will vary from city to city, but in general hybrids will cost 30 to 40 percent less than Uber’s black town cars, according to Scott Munro, an operations manager at Uber. In San Francisco, for example, the hybrid cars will cost $5 for the base fee, and then $3.25 a mile after that. By contrast, the town cars cost $8 for the base fee and then $4.95 a mile. Taxis in San Francisco cost $3.16 a mile including a tip of 15 percent. Despite its higher fares, Uber has grown significantly. ", "Uber fare rates depend on the city and the service. The base fare, cost per minute, and cost per mile vary city-by-city, and Uber service. Uber fare rates are different for UberX, XL, UberPlus, Black Car, and Select. Read more about the differences between UberX, XL, Plus, and Black Car. 1 Base fare – A flat fee charged at the beginning of the ride. 2 Cost per minute – How much you’re charged for each minute you’re inside the ride. 3 Cost per mile – How much you’re charged for each mile of the ride. 4 Safe Rides Fee – A flat $1 fee (Not included for UberBlack and UberSUV).", "We used the rates provided by Lyft and Uber on their websites to calculate cost per mile, cost per minute and the base rate for each ride. We didn’t account for surge pricing or Lyft Line or Uber Pool — the carpool rideshare options that can cut costs up to 50 percent less than our estimates. Using that formula, the annual Uber estimate for Washington, D.C. is $19,107.67, and the annual Lyft estimate is $19,528.17. If a person wanted to spend what NerdWallet estimates it costs to own a car in D.C. per year — $11,490.15 — you could only take 12.75 Uber or Lyft rides per week", "There are five main types of cars you can request, each with different pricing, and pricing also varies by city. Surge pricing also applies when demand for rides exceeds supply. uberX: The low-cost Uber seats 4. In San Francisco the fare is $2.20 plus $0.26 per minute plus $1.30 per mile. In New York City the fare is $3 plus $0.40 per minute plus $2.15 per mile. uberXL: Seats 6. uberXL: Seats 6. In San Francisco the fare is $5 plus $0.45 per minute plus $2.15 per mile. In New York City the fare is $4.50 plus $0.60 per minute plus $3.25 per mile. uberTAXI: A normal taxi ride, except requests and payment are done via Uber.", "After you added up the four different variables, you calculated that your fare would only be $2.78. But in your area, the minimum fare for UberX is $4, so you will be charged $4 instead of $2.78. The base fare, cost per minute, and cost per mile vary city-by-city, and Uber service. Uber fare rates are different for UberX, XL, UberPlus, Black Car, and Select. Read more about the differences between UberX, XL, Plus, and Black Car. 1 Base fare – A flat fee charged at the beginning of the ride. 2 Cost per minute – How much you’re charged for each minute you’re inside the ride. 3 Cost per mile – How much you’re charged for each mile of the ride. 4 Safe Rides Fee – A flat $1 fee (Not included for UberBlack and UberSUV)." ], "url": [ "http://www.howmuchisit.org/how-much-does-uber-rides-cost/", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "http://www.wikihow.com/Use-Uber", "http://dcist.com/2014/10/cost_of_only_using_uber_in_dc_19107.php", "http://www.ridesharingdriver.com/how-much-does-uber-cost-uber-fare-estimator/", "http://www.nytimes.com/2012/07/02/technology/uber-a-car-service-smartphone-app-plans-cheaper-service.html", "http://www.ridesharingdriver.com/how-much-does-uber-cost-uber-fare-estimator/", "http://dcist.com/2014/10/cost_of_only_using_uber_in_dc_19107.php", "https://www.quora.com/How-much-does-Uber-charge-passengers-for-a-ride", "http://www.ridesharingdriver.com/how-much-does-uber-cost-uber-fare-estimator/" ] }

[ "Rates will vary from city to city, but in general hybrids will cost 30 to 40 percent less than Uber’s black town cars, according to Scott Munro, an operations manager at Uber. In San Francisco, for example, the hybrid cars will cost $5 for the base fee, and then $3.25 a mile after that. By contrast, the town cars cost $8 for the base fee and then $4.95 a mile. Taxis in San Francisco cost $3.16 a mile including a tip of 15 percent. Despite its higher fares, Uber has grown significantly. " ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Australia responded to the threat of communism in Asia by joining the Korean War in 1950. We joined it because we had a belief that it would be better to fight communism overseas rather than wait for it to reach Australia and fight it here. The Korean War was a part of our government's 'Forward Defense Policy'.", "Posted on. (Answer #1). Soviet Marxist-Leninist Communism posed an indirect threat to the United States in the 1940's and 1950's after the Soviet Union had proved its viability by defeating Nazi Germany and imposing its domination on everything behind the Iron Curtain.", "Australia faced the threat of communism after WWII ended in 1945. The threat was known as the Red Menace which was caused by all the conflicts in Asia and also things that were going on in Australia at the time. The Australian government responded to the Red Menace in many ways.", "Year 9 » History » Australia in the Vietnam War era » Australia's responses to the threat of communism: domestic » The attempt to outlaw the Communist Party. Pictures & Animations | Study Guides | Get Involved | Activities & Exams.", "Following World War II, there was an increased fear of communism in Australia. This chapter outlines how Australians were concerned that communism would undermine Australian plans for a peaceful and secure future.", "It seems disingenuous to suggest that Communism did not present a threat to the United States during the 1950's and 1960's. The goal of the communist movement, as indicated in the Communist Manifesto, was the destruction of capitalism." ], "url": [ "http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-Did-The-Australian-Government-Respond-707089.html", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/did-communism-really-pose-threat-united-states-321388", "http://www.studymode.com/essays/How-Did-The-Australian-Government-Respond-707089.html", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-14_u-116_t-312_c-1054/the-attempt-to-outlaw-the-communist-party/nsw/history/australia-in-the-vietnam-war-era/australia-s-responses-to-the-threat-of-communism-domestic", "http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-56_u-490_t-1333_c-5124/the-fear-of-communism-in-australia/tas/the-fear-of-communism-in-australia/australia-after-1945/the-spread-of-communism-after-world-war-ii", "http://www.enotes.com/homework-help/did-communism-really-pose-threat-united-states-321388" ] }

[ "Australia faced the threat of communism after WWII ended in 1945. The threat was known as the Red Menace which was caused by all the conflicts in Asia and also things that were going on in Australia at the time. The Australian government responded to the Red Menace in many ways." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Banks with branches in Levittown (2011 data): 1 Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania: Levittown Branch at 4565 New Falls Road, branch established on 1970/06/29; Levittown Acme Branch at 6800 New Falls Road, branch established on 1997/03/13. 1", "Fire-safe hotels and motels in Levittown, Pennsylvania: 1 Comfort Inn, 6401 Bristol Pike, Levittown, PA 19057, Phone: (215) 547-5000, Fax: (215) 547-9698. 2 Ramada Levittown, 6201 Bristol Pike, Levittown, PA 19057, Phone: (215) 946-1100, Fax: (215) 946-1180. 1 Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania: Levittown Branch at 4565 New Falls Road, branch established on 1970/06/29; Levittown Acme Branch at 6800 New Falls Road, branch established on 1997/03/13.", "Our company is Licensed-Bonded-Insured. Here at SCIVER Lock & Safe we are taking calls 24 hours a day, 7 days a week for all emergency lockout services. If you need a new key made, need to change your locks, or just need to open your car door. SCIVER Lock & Safe is here for you. Call us now and we will be there immediately. SCIVER Lock & Safe has a reputation that is solid because we have worked hard to make it so.", "HAVE FUN, FLY SAFE! Sky Zone is designed for everyone, and we want to make sure you fly safe. We ask that you become familiar with and abide by the rules below. Remember, stay in your comfort zone! DO NOT ATTEMPT any activity, flip, jump or trick you don’t think you can handle. Jumpers should not engage in court activities without a Zone Team Member present. Here are the rules to fly by: **Everyone that enters the Sky Zone court must have completed a valid and signed Sky Zone waiver.", "We promise we offer some of the lowest competitive prices in the area, especially for our level of quality work! SCIVER Lock & Safe is a fully mobile Locksmith Service company with affordable prices and with highly trained technicians to help you with all of your locksmith residential, commercial, and automotive needs. If you need a new key made, need to change your locks, or just need to open your car door. SCIVER Lock & Safe is here for you. Call us now and we will be there immediately. SCIVER Lock & Safe has a reputation that is solid because we have worked hard to make it so.", "Levittown is a census-designated place (CDP) and planned community in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States, within the Philadelphia metropolitan area. The population was 52,983 at the 2010 census. Levittown, Pennsylvania was the second Levittown built by William J. Levitt, who is often credited as the creator of the modern American suburb.", "According to our research of Pennsylvania and other state lists there were 29 registered sex offenders living in Levittown, Pennsylvania as of October 05, 2015. The ratio of number of residents in Levittown to the number of sex offenders is 1,827 to 1. 1 Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania: Levittown Branch at 4565 New Falls Road, branch established on 1970/06/29; Levittown Acme Branch at 6800 New Falls Road, branch established on 1997/03/13.", "Our service area includes Levittown and Bristol, all of Bucks County and Southeast Central Pennsylvania and Southwest Central New Jersey Call 215-421-2751 we will dispatch our fully equipped mobile shop to your location!. We also offer professional lockout services for automobiles, homes and businesses as well as re-keying of home and business locks.", "Whether you are in need of a technician this very moment for an emergency home or car lock out, or if you are planning a larger project for your home or business, know that SCIVER Lock & Safe is committed to doing it all for you. If you need a new key made, need to change your locks, or just need to open your car door. SCIVER Lock & Safe is here for you. Call us now and we will be there immediately. SCIVER Lock & Safe has a reputation that is solid because we have worked hard to make it so.", "Home Safety Store: The Home Safety Store was developed at the St. Mary Parenting Center in Bensalem. In partnership with several social service agencies; families receive a voucher to visit the home store for personal education and to receive FREE home safety products. For the following three locations, please contact the Bucks County Department of Health at 215-345-3357. Bucks County Department of Health: Levittown7321 New Falls Rd., Levittown PA 190571st Wednesday of every month 9:00 a.m. - 3:30 p.m." ], "url": [ "http://www.city-data.com/city/Levittown-Pennsylvania.html", "http://www.city-data.com/city/Levittown-Pennsylvania.html", "http://locksmithlevittownpa.com/HOME.html", "http://www.skyzone.com/levittown/About-Us/Fly-Safe", "http://locksmithlevittownpa.com/HOME.html", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levittown,_Pennsylvania", "http://www.city-data.com/city/Levittown-Pennsylvania.html", "http://wallensprofessionalsafeopening.com/", "http://locksmithlevittownpa.com/HOME.html", "http://www.stmaryhealthcare.org/SafeKids" ] }

[ "Fire-safe hotels and motels in Levittown, Pennsylvania: 1 Comfort Inn, 6401 Bristol Pike, Levittown, PA 19057, Phone: (215) 547-5000, Fax: (215) 547-9698. 2 Ramada Levittown, 6201 Bristol Pike, Levittown, PA 19057, Phone: (215) 946-1100, Fax: (215) 946-1180. 1 Citizens Bank of Pennsylvania: Levittown Branch at 4565 New Falls Road, branch established on 1970/06/29; Levittown Acme Branch at 6800 New Falls Road, branch established on 1997/03/13." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Some prospective employers want to verify your salary to see if you fit into their salary range. This process to me is not necessary if they stop the game playing and state what range they are willing to pay. If it acceptable you move forward. If not you move on.", "Verification. Even if your previous employers verify the salary history you gave to the potential employer, he might require verification in writing. This is more common when past employers won't verify salary or salary range, or if the employer provides a different amount than what you submitted. The hiring manager might ask you to bring in a W-2 or recent pay stub as v", "Many people -- both employee and employer -- feel uncomfortable about salary negotiations, but these discussions are essential to the job-hunting process. Employers often ask you to disclose salaries from previous positions so they know a starting point for the negotiations.", "Employers can verify your employment history in regards to job title and job description, as well as start and end dates. Organizations can call former employers and share the information which you have supplied in your resume or job application and ask previous employers to confirm its accuracy.", "The best thing you can do when an interviewer asks about your salary history is to reframe the question into what salary range you're seeking. After all, this is the more pertinent question! For instance: I'm looking for a range of $45,000 to $55,000.. In some cases, this answer will be accepted and the conversation will move on. But in others, the interviewer will insist on knowing your previous salary. If that happens, you can try responses like:" ], "url": [ "http://www.askamanager.org/2013/06/how-do-employers-verify-your-previous-salary.html", "http://work.chron.com/disclose-salary-reference-checks-previous-hr-22556.html", "http://work.chron.com/disclose-salary-reference-checks-previous-hr-22556.html", "http://jobsearch.about.com/od/applicant-faqs/qt/can-employers-check-employment-history.htm", "http://money.usnews.com/money/blogs/outside-voices-careers/2014/01/29/how-to-respond-to-employer-requests-for-your-salary-history" ] }

[ "Verification. Even if your previous employers verify the salary history you gave to the potential employer, he might require verification in writing. This is more common when past employers won't verify salary or salary range, or if the employer provides a different amount than what you submitted. The hiring manager might ask you to bring in a W-2 or recent pay stub as v" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Norepinephrine is a hormone secreted by certain nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, and by the medulla (center) of the adrenal glands. Its primary function is to help maintain a constant blood pressure by stimulating certain blood vessels to constrict when the blood pressure falls below normal.", "Those are both caused by the release of norepinephrine in your body. Norepinephrine is a chemical released from the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress. It is classified as a neurotransmitter, a chemical that is released from neurons. Because the release of norepinephrine affects other organs of the body, it is also referred to as a stress hormone.", "n. A substance, both a hormone and neurotransmitter, secreted by the adrenal medulla and the nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system to cause vasoconstriction and increases in heart rate, blood pressure, and the sugar level of the blood. Also called levarterenol, noradrenalin.", "Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter secreted by neurons in the sympathetic nervous system. This chemical is secreted in response to stress, which triggers the 'fight or flight response.' The release of norepinephrine causes several changes that help our body to work more efficiently.", "Definition of NOREPINEPHRINE. : a monoamine C8H11NO3 that is a neurotransmitter in postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and in some parts of the central nervous system, is a vasopressor hormone of the adrenal medulla, and is a precursor of epinephrine in its major biosynthetic pathway. See norepinephrine defined for kids." ], "url": [ "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/norepinephrine", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-norepinephrine-effects-function-definition.html", "http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/norepinephrine", "http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-norepinephrine-effects-function-definition.html", "http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/norepinephrine" ] }

[ "Norepinephrine is a hormone secreted by certain nerve endings of the sympathetic nervous system, and by the medulla (center) of the adrenal glands. Its primary function is to help maintain a constant blood pressure by stimulating certain blood vessels to constrict when the blood pressure falls below normal." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "WWF's conservation efforts focus on the Big Bend region of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, which includes important parts of the Rio Grande/Bravo watershed in the U.S. and Mexico. The Chihuahuan Desert, long a corridor for trade between Mexico City and Santa Fe, New Mexico, is now home to five million people. The Rio Grande basin covers 172,000 square miles, crossing three U.S. states, more than a dozen Native American nations and five Mexican states.", "Largest Desert In North America. Chihuahuan Desert -- the largest desert in North America covering more than 200,000 square miles -- Most of it lies south of the international border. In the U.S. it extends into parts of New Mexico, Texas and sections of southeastern Arizona. Approximate DesertUSA Boundaries: Bordered on the west by Arizona's U.S. Route 191, on the north by Interstate 40, on the east by Texas' U.S. Route 385, and south to the Mexican border. Some Mexican Gray Wolves are still in the Chihuahuan Desert", "White Sands National Monument can be found in the Chihuahuan Desert, which spreads from southern New Mexico / western Texas down to Mexico. Here's another good map of the Chihuahuan Desert. Most of the Chihuahuan Desert lies in Mexico. In the United States, it reaches into Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas. The Chihuahuan Desert, in turn, is part of the North American Desert, or Great American Desert, which stretches from southern Oregon / Idaho to Mexico. With the Chihuahuan Desert it goes the way it does with many deserts-its wildlife and plant populations have decreased and it has become much more barren.", "In Mexico, the Chihuahuan Desert lies within the Central Plateau, bounded on the west by the Sierra Madre Occidental and on the east by the Sierra Madre Oriental, with its southern boundary in Zacatecas. The desert's northern portion extends into southeastern Arizona, southern New Mexico, and Trans-Pecos Texas. A prominent feature of the Chihuahuan Desert is the occurrence of mountain ranges, separated by valleys (bolsons) throughout the region. The Franklin Mountains, which bisect the northern Chihuahuan Desert city of El Paso, is a typical medium-sized range.", "Chihuahuan Desert Gardens* - The story of UTEP's botanical garden dedicated to the flora of the Chihuahuan Desert. Chihuahuan Desert Plants* - Hundreds of native plants from the Greater Chihuahuan Desert Region are listed, most with photographs and basic information. Chihuahuan Desert Gardens. Over 600 species of native plants from the Greater Chihuahuan Desert Region are grown in the Chihuahuan Desert Gardens. Walking Tour Map* - General layout of the Gardens, meant to be used in conjunction with the down-loadable tour guide (pdf)**.", "The Chihuahuan Desert is a desert, and an ecoregion designation, that straddles the U.S.-Mexico border in the central and northern portions of the Mexican Plateau. It is bordered on the west by the extensive Sierra Madre Occidental range, along with overlaying northern portions of the Sierra Madre Oriental. The mean annual precipitation for the Chihuahuan Desert is 235 mm (9.3 in) with a range of approximately 150–400 mm (6–16 in), although it receives more precipitation than other warm desert ecoregions.", "Water in the Chihuahuan. The Chihuahuan Desert is a fairly dry desert, with only one intense rainy season in the summer, and mild rains in the early winter, usually in December. The summer rains, occurring in June and July, are called monsoons, and are caused by moist air that penetrates from the Gulf of Mexico. There is only one plant that is endemic to the Chihuahuan Desert-meaning that it doesn't grow anywhere else-and it is called lechugilla, a kind of agave. All of these indicator species disappear in Socorro, New Mexico. So we usually think of Socorro as the northernmost point of the Chihuahuan Desert." ], "url": [ "http://www.worldwildlife.org/places/chihuahuan-desert", "http://www.desertusa.com/chihuahuan-desert.html", "http://www.white-sands-new-mexico.com/chihuahuan_desert.htm", "http://museum2.utep.edu/chih/chihdes.htm", "https://admin.utep.edu/Default.aspx?tabid=60234", "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chihuahuan_Desert", "http://ddl.nmsu.edu/chihuahua.html" ] }

[ "Largest Desert In North America. Chihuahuan Desert -- the largest desert in North America covering more than 200,000 square miles -- Most of it lies south of the international border. In the U.S. it extends into parts of New Mexico, Texas and sections of southeastern Arizona. Approximate DesertUSA Boundaries: Bordered on the west by Arizona's U.S. Route 191, on the north by Interstate 40, on the east by Texas' U.S. Route 385, and south to the Mexican border. Some Mexican Gray Wolves are still in the Chihuahuan Desert" ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "1 Lay the legs in a roasting pan. 2 Roast uncovered for 1 1/2 to 2 hours, until the legs are golden brown and the internal temperature is 180 degrees F (82 degrees C) when taken with a meat thermometer. 3 Add more water if needed while roasting, and baste occasionally with the juices or butter. 1 Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). 2 Rinse the turkey legs and pat dry. 3 Stand the turkey legs upright (as if the turkey were standing). 4 Press a knife downward into the deep tissue, creating 2 or 3 long pockets. 5 Press a piece of celery into each opening.", "Turkey legs should be cooked in the oven at 190 degrees celsius or gas mark 5 for two hours. If you are in a country that uses fahrenheit, that would be 375 degrees fahrenhei … t. ", "How long should I bake turkey legs---and at what temperature? I actually have the turkey legs out for dinner tonight, so if someone could please answer before 2 PM on October 22nd. Thank you very much. Cooks.com-Recipes-Turkey Legs Marinate turkey legs in mixture for 4 ... on grill and brown them. ... TURKEY LEGS WITH MUSHROOM GRAVY: Place turkey legs in a roasting pan.", "1 Roast uncovered for 1 1/2 to 2 hours, until the legs are golden brown and the internal temperature is 180 degrees F (82 degrees C) when taken with a meat thermometer. 1 Preheat the oven to 350 degrees F (175 degrees C). 2 Rinse the turkey legs and pat dry. 3 Stand the turkey legs upright (as if the turkey were standing). 4 Press a knife downward into the deep tissue, creating 2 or 3 long pockets. 5 Press a piece of celery into each opening.", "Add chicken broth to pan. 8. Place turkey legs in pan. 9. Roast legs at 350 degrees for one hour and twenty minutes. CAUTION: Do not over bake and since ovens are different, start checking on the turkey leg temperature after one hour. Turkey temperature should be 175 degrees when you take it from the oven. 10.", "Limon 1 (optional). 7. Heat up the oven to 350 before seasoning. 8. 2 hours of spare time (watching tv Esc.). Small update here, if you want you can mix all the above ingredients in a bowl (besides the Limon) and then just spread it evenly on all the turkey legs. ", "For an indoor cooking alternative, roast turkey legs in the oven. Cooking turkey legs in the oven is more time consuming than grilling and usually takes about two hours. Preheat your oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit, then coat or season four to six turkey legs to your desired flavor. Grill the turkey legs for approximately five to 10 minutes, then uncover the grill and turn the legs over. Replace the grill cover and continue grilling and flipping the turkey legs every five to 10 minutes until they are golden brown. Turkey legs generally require 20 to 30 minutes of total grilling time.", "Bake the turkey drumsticks. Place them in the preheated oven for 45 minutes. Turn them over and cook for another 45 minutes. Insert a meat thermometer into the thickest part of the meat. They are ready when the internal temperature reaches 180ºF/82ºC. 1 To ensure that the turkey stays juicy, you can baste it every 20 minutes with a turkey baster or spoon. 1 To ensure that the turkey stays juicy, you can baste it every 20 minutes with a turkey baster or spoon. 2 Use the drippings as your basting liquid, or baste with extra melted butter. 3 Larger drumsticks may take a total of two hours to finish cooking.", "Grilling is one of the most commonly used methods for preparing turkey legs. The total preparation time for grilled turkey legs is 30 to 40 minutes. If you plan on soaking the turkey legs in a marinade beforehand, factor in an additional four to 24 hours marinating time. Once the turkey legs are marinated or seasoned to your preference, heat a grill to “Medium” heat. Grill the turkey legs for approximately five to 10 minutes, then uncover the grill and turn the legs over. Replace the grill cover and continue grilling and flipping the turkey legs every five to 10 minutes until they are golden brown. Turkey legs generally require 20 to 30 minutes of total grilling time.", "Re-warm the mop mixture over low heat. Transfer the turkey legs to the smoker. Cook until the legs are very tender and the juices run clear, about 3 1/2 to 4 hours. Mop the legs at 45-minute intervals in a wood-burning pit, or as appropriate for your style of smoker. Serve the legs hot, to be eaten with your fingers, with a side of barbecue sauce. Dry Rub:" ], "url": [ "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/84456/roasted-turkey-legs/", "http://www.answers.com/Q/How_long_and_at_what_temp_do_you_cook_turkey_legs", "https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20061022083951AACiRvN", "http://allrecipes.com/recipe/84456/roasted-turkey-legs/", "http://www.justapinch.com/recipes/main-course/turkey/connies-baked-turkey-legs.html", "http://www.instructables.com/id/Simple-Delicous-Turkey-Legs/", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5255905_cooking-time-turkey-legs.html", "http://www.wikihow.com/Cook-Turkey-Drumsticks", "http://www.ehow.com/way_5255905_cooking-time-turkey-legs.html", "http://www.foodnetwork.com/recipes/smoked-turkey-legs-recipe.html" ] }

[ "Add chicken broth to pan. 8. Place turkey legs in pan. 9. Roast legs at 350 degrees for one hour and twenty minutes. CAUTION: Do not over bake and since ovens are different, start checking on the turkey leg temperature after one hour. Turkey temperature should be 175 degrees when you take it from the oven. 10." ]

{ "is_selected": [ 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ], "passage_text": [ "Allergic conjunctivitis is a form of pink eye that is not contagious. It is a reaction caused by an allergy inducing substance and symptoms include itching swelling, redness and tearing. Conjunctivitis is the inflammation of the membrane lining the eye either caused by an infection or an allergic reaction. Common symptoms include discharge, tearing, eye pain and irritation, redness, blurred vision and sensitivity to light.", "Pink eye is contagious for up to 14 days, in the case of viral conjunctivitis, and up to 24 hours after an antibiotic is started with bacterial conjunctivitis. Your healthcare provider will let you know which type of pink eye you or your child has and whether it is contagious. ", "Best Answer: YES YES YES Overview Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an infection of the conjunctiva (the outer-most layer of the eye that covers the sclera). The three most common types of conjunctivitis are: viral, allergic, and bacterial. Each requires different treatments. With the exception of the allergic type, conjunctivitis is typically contagious. The viral type is often associated with an upper respiratory tract infection, cold, or sore throat. The allergic type occurs more frequently among those with allergic conditions. When related to allergies, the symptoms are often seasonal. ", "Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Most viruses that cause conjunctivitis are spread through hand-to-eye contact by hands or objects that are contaminated with the infectious virus. Hands can become contaminated by coming in contact with infectious tears, eye discharge, fecal matter, or respiratory discharges. ", "If you have infectious conjunctivitis it is likely to be viral or bacterial. Viral conjunctivitis can continue to be infectious for up to 14 days after the earliest symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis is somewhat less contagious and is not likely to be infectious past 7 days especially if you are on antibiotic drops.", "1 If conjunctivitis is due to a bacterial infection, it is contagious until the eyes are no longer red and there is no discharge (this may be after several days without treatment, or about 24 hours after starting effective treatment.). Usually 1 - 3 days. 1 ", "Pink eye (conjunctivitis) generally remains contagious as long as your child is experiencing tearing and matted eyes. Signs and symptoms of pink eye usually improve within three to seven days. When tearing and matted eyes are no longer present, it's appropriate for a child to return to school or child care. If the pink eye is caused by a bacterial infection, treatment with antibiotic drops or ointment for the eyes may be necessary. ", "Conjunctivitis or pink eye is an eye condition that is characterized by the inflammation of the conjunctiva or the inner surface of the eyelids and the outermost layer of the eye. In some instances, it may be caused by viruses or bacteria, which make it contagious for several days or weeks. " ], "url": [ "http://www.eyedoctorguide.com/pink_eye/pink_eye_contagious.html", "http://kids.emedtv.com/pink-eye/how-long-is-pink-eye-contagious.html", "https://uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20060912062028AAmtKjI", "http://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/clinical.html", "https://www.sharecare.com/health/bacterial-eye-infections/how-long-pinkeye-contagious", "http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114&np=303&id=1779", "http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pink-eye/expert-answers/pink-eye/faq-20057932", "http://www.theeyepractice.com.au/optometrist-sydney/contagious-conjunctivitis" ] }

[ "Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious. Most viruses that cause conjunctivitis are spread through hand-to-eye contact by hands or objects that are contaminated with the infectious virus. Hands can become contaminated by coming in contact with infectious tears, eye discharge, fecal matter, or respiratory discharges. " ]