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idealizations

assumptions made with no regard to their truth-aptness and often with full knowledge of their falsity

action of representing something as perfect or without flaws

pro tanto duty

defeasible duty

all-things-considered duty

definite description

refers to the one and only

affirmed without doubt

folk physics

intuitive understating of the behavior of physical objects

people's body

equivalence testing

establishes that differences are small enough not to matter

establishes that difference is null

hobbes’s theory of matter

materialism

authoritarianism

contractualism

ethical theory that bases morality on what rational people would agree to

ethical theory that bases morality on what is in the fine print of licensing agreements

normative ethics

prescriptive ethics

descriptive ethics

logicism

the position that mathematics is grounded in logic

the position that logic is a branch of mathematics

moral realism

the view that morality is mind-independent

morally realistic

the absolute

the totality of what exists

the category defined as the union of all apparent categories

the hard problem

explaining the possibility of philosophical zombies

physicalism

epistemology of intuition

the study of how intuition can be justified or constitute knowledge

the intuitions used in epistemology

epistemic justification

rational warrant

legal permit

normic support

justification

normal support

infimum

greatest lower bound

minimum

final cause

telos

last cause in a sequence of causes

credence

subjective probability

objective probability

entertainment

leisure

art

the scientific method

hypothesis, testing, results, conclusion

the method by which science is made and truth is discovered

empty name

a proper name without a referent

a name that consists of zero characters

the enneads

magnum opus of plotinus

ancient work on psychological typology

felicity

successful speech

happiness

dispositional essentialism

essential dispositions

existential essentialism

knowledge

factive mental state

justified true belief

the republic

plato's republic

the american republic

concept

fregean sense

meaning of a word

meaning

semantics

syntax

unity, plurality, totality

kant's categories of quantity

unit, plural, total

the veil of ignorance

the starting point of social organization

endnotes

simulation hypothesis

the matrix

matrix algebra

ontological pluralism

there are multiple ways of being

value pluralism

unity

oneness

singleness

coincident objects

lumpl and goliath

david and caesar

perception

experience

reputation

adverbialism

sellars’ theory of perception

sense-data

gettier cases

cases where a subject has a true justified belief but it's not knowledge

gettier's suitcases

stoicism

teaches the development of self-control and fortitude to overcome destructive emotions, emphasizing reason, virtue, and wisdom.

epicureanism

formal epistemology

bayesian epistemology

formular epistemology

constructive logic

intuitionistic logic

constructive log ick

discursive rationality

universal pragmatics

intelligent conversation

falsifiability

scientific theories are continually tested and refined through experimentation.

verificationism

concepts

categories

kinds

an example of wittgenstein's seventh thesis in the tractatus logico-philosophicus.

truth-apt statements about the history of religion.

logical propositions as used in catholic dogmatic theology.

all giraffes are reptiles

no non-reptiles are giraffes

all non-reptiles are giraffes

brain in a vat

computers can control the brain separated from the body

neuralink microchips can show subjective experiences

epistemic relativism

relative truth

cultural relativism

objective list theories of well-being

theory of well-being that holds there are certain goods that all humans ought to prudentially seek

theory of well-being that holds there are strict goals that every human should have

sample space

set of possible outcomes

sample size

evil demon

external world skepticism

devil

principle of sufficient reason

everything must have a reason or cause

sufficient, reasonable principles

self-consciousness

apperception (as in kant)

conscience

perfect subset

closed subset with no isolated points

subset with perfect set property

cambridge properties

extrinsic properties

cambridge real estates

schopenhauer's limitations of scientific knowledge

schopenhauer's occult qualities of science

schopenhauer's subjectivity of knowledge

epistemic justification

rational warrant

moral obligation

marxism

scientific socialism

hegel

immanent realism

the view that universals are a part of the concrete physical world.

the view that the things in our immediate perception are real.

categoricity

unique model up to isomorphism

determinacy

heraclitus's philosophy

a school of thought emphasising impermanence and the principle of the logos

thales

the view that all propositions are true

trivialism

the view that all propositions are false

critical incident

moral dilemma

hermeneutics

weakness of will

failure to choose to do what one had been intending to do

inability to make free choices

common sense

universally accepted beliefs

common knowledge

material cause

that of which it is made

material conditional

she suffered moral injury

she experienced negative emotions from compromising her moral values

she was upset because someone betrayed her

large cardinal

cardinals greater than the inaccessible

cardinals greater than the countable

utilitarianism

consequentialism

only intentions matter

metametaphysics

the study of the the study of ultimate reality

metaontology

responsibility

duties and rights of human interaction

socialism

utilitarianism

consequentialism

satisficing

conceive

imagine

procreate

a priori

independent of experience

consciousness

jack and the indians

dilemma by bernard williams

colonialism

ethical

moral

correct

anomalous monism

non-reductive physicalism

neutral monism

i don't know what it is like to be a bat.

i don't have bat's phenomenal consciousness as bat does.

i don't know what resembles a bat.

blue notebook

one of wittgenstein's note taking books

students used these for exams at uc berkeley

natural law theory of jurisprudence

commands from the state can be validly binding laws only if they are not morally wrong

court decisions must obey the physical laws of nature

confirmatory research

testing predictions of theories

exploratory research

a naturalistic approach to law; it is the view that jurisprudence should emulate the methods of natural science

legal realism

a non-naturalistic approach to law; it is the view that jurisprudence should not emulate the methods of natural science

properties we discover in objects are dependent on the way that those objects appear to us not necessarily something they possess "in themselves"

idealism

properties we discover in objects are not dependent on the way that those objects appear but necessarily something they possess "in themselves"

ecological theory

theory about the relationships among living things and their environments

environmentalist ideas

reductionism

a philosophical view according to which phenomena can be explained or reduced to simpler or fundamental phenomena

reductive materialist theories of consciousness

kant's formula for the kingdom of ends

treat others as though we are already in a kingdom of ends

treat others as if they will fail us, so we are prepared to care for them

metaethical moral relativism

moral judgements do not have truth-values absolutely, but only relative to cultures, traditions, shared practices, etc.

the view that morality is relative to metaethics

derridean deconstruction

literary-hermeneutical technique developed by derrida

french, architectural scheme of controlled demolition named after the philosopher, derrida

epistemic peer

epistemic equal

epistemic onlooker

osr

ontic structural realism

orca

cosmogony

any view about the origin of the cosmos

cosmology

intensions

meanings

intentions

thick and thin

positive and negative definitions

overweight and underweight

disposition to believe

tendency to accept

ability to know

eliminativism

mind-brain identity theory

metaphysical nihilism

dynamic nominalism about social kind

there are no social properties but they somehow have causal power to the people categorized as such and in turn affect the classifications too

there are no social kinds

logic

theory of reasoning

logo

a priori knowledge

self-evident truths known without experience

empirical knowledge

eudaimonia

flourishing

euthanasia

quine's criterion for ontological commitment

to be is to be the value of a bound variable

what has existence is what nominalists believe has existence not what realists believe

theological fatalism

because god knows everything, and because everything that is known is determined to be true, there can be no free will

if god exists, then that would be fatal for us