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Mechanical Calculators, Mechanische Rechenmaschinen, Mechanische rekenmachines
| http://w-hasselo.nl/mechn/ |
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<title>Acts of Gord: Love the Gord, Fear the Gord</title>
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<td><img src="dklink/link.gif" usemap="#Map" border="0" width="132" height="101"><br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="Annoy">
<img src="dklink/annoy.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Wrath">
<img src="dklink/wrath.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Villainy">
<img src="dklink/villain.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Vengeance">
<img src="dklink/vengeanc.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Propaganda">
<img src="dklink/propagan.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Victory">
<img src="dklink/victory.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Proclamations">
<img src="dklink/proclaim.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Chronicles">
<img src="dklink/chronicl.gif" border="0" width="169" height="40"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="Justice">
<img src="dklink/justice.gif" border="0" width="170" height="40"></a></a> </td>
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<table align="right" width="520" border="0">
<tr>
<td><center>
<p><img src="tittle.gif" width="276" height="202"></p>
</center>
<p> </p>
<p><img src="dkletter/a.gif" width="31" height="38">h Gord…
Who is this Gord? Well, let me tell you about Gord.</p>
<p><img src="dkletter/i.gif" width="31" height="37"><font FACE="Times New Roman"> took it
upon myself to bring the slobbering masses into my embrace, and
occasionally one aspiring demigod stood above the rest, and proved
himself worthy of the name Owner. One of my most promising Keepers
of the Retail Faith was The Gord. "Go," I said unto The Gord. "Go,
and continue to give to the masses what they so richly deserve!" And
he did.</p>
</font>
<p><img src="dkletter/b.gif" width="32" height="37"><font FACE="Times New Roman">ut the
story was not yet over. For some time The Gord and I concurrently
kept The Retail Faith. His Establishment maintained, surpassed and
soon eclipsed mine in sheer Consumer Idiocy. Tales were told that
begged disbelief. "No one," we thought, "Is really that stupid." But
the stories continued, and the cries of the wretched grew louder and
more plentiful. The stories were true: The Gord had become an Owner
in Hell. Witness after Witness held forth tales of lunacy and mental
vacuousness.</p>
</font><font FACE="Times New Roman">
<p><img src="dkletter/a.gif" width="31" height="38">nd when I travelled from the hallowed
halls of my Game Store and visited the Game Store of The Gord, the
truth became apparent. I have no cause to disbelieve the veracity of
the tales told here. The truth, it would certainly seem, is contained
herein. Go now, and read of The Gord, and know that he has walked the
path of the Game Store Owner, and that he has suffered for all of us.</p>
</font>
<p><img src="dkletter/i.gif" width="31" height="37"> knew him as Gord. These were his
stories.</p>
<p>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<p>
<center>
<a href="mailto:%67ord%40actsofgord.co%6d">
<img src="mailgord.gif" border="0" width="145" height="82"></a>
</center>
<br>
<br>
<center>
<a href="Donate/index.htm">
<img border="0" src="Donate/x-click-but7[1].gif" width="72" height="29"></a><br>
</center>
<br>
<br>
</p>
<p><font size="4">Last Update: </font> </p>
<p>August 8, 2012:</p>
<p>1. Now that pretty much everyone who has ever ordered a book in the past has got
their's, I am selling the extra copies that were printed. If you want what is basically a
hardcover version of this site, make a payment via PayPal to gord@actsofgord.com.</p>
<p>2. Please ensure you include your address. Canada: $22, US: $24, and worldwide: $29.
Basically, it's $19 plus shipping. US$ or CA$ are fine as the currencies are equal.</p>
<p>February 8, 2012:</p>
<p>1. For those who never received your book, please email me your
PayPal receipt and a copy of the book you paid for years ago will be sent
to you. I assure you that the reason you didn't get your book is because
PayPal hates you more than you can possibly imagine. Or me. Perhaps both.</p>
<p>2. Once the last of the pre-paid books have been shipped, there will be
a limited number of copies left over for people who would like to basically buy
the site in hardcover paper form. However, no copies will be sold until essentially
the last of the pre-ordered books have been shipped.</p>
<p>3. Gord's personal web set is currently being blocked by his ISP until
the new fibre line is run to the house. Telus allows people to run servers from their home,
but they block port 80 on DSL connections. <a href="http://aog.2y.net/">
http://aog.2y.net/</a> </p>
<p>4. There is no new content to speak of. Though a related site on how not
to run a business may be done in the coming months, because if there is one thing I don't
know what to do, it's how to run a business. Less humour, more just an amazing list of
how I can't do anything right.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="4">Really old news:</font></p>
<p><img border="0" src="/stephanie.JPG" align="right">I really should get
a current email address for Stephanie if I am going to be suggesting people
contact her. I wonder if I told her we're on for
dinner when I am in Korea at the end of the month. Why do I not yet have
a personal assistant who confirms these things for me?</p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
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<td valign="top">
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<area href="Annoy" shape="polygon" coords="127, 96, 126, 48, 102, 48, 71, 75, 73, 96">
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|
Acts of Gord: Love the Gord, Fear the Gord
| | | | | | |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- |
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| --- |
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h Gord…
Who is this Gord? Well, let me tell you about Gord.
took it
upon myself to bring the slobbering masses into my embrace, and
occasionally one aspiring demigod stood above the rest, and proved
himself worthy of the name Owner. One of my most promising Keepers
of the Retail Faith was The Gord. "Go," I said unto The Gord. "Go,
and continue to give to the masses what they so richly deserve!" And
he did.
ut the
story was not yet over. For some time The Gord and I concurrently
kept The Retail Faith. His Establishment maintained, surpassed and
soon eclipsed mine in sheer Consumer Idiocy. Tales were told that
begged disbelief. "No one," we thought, "Is really that stupid." But
the stories continued, and the cries of the wretched grew louder and
more plentiful. The stories were true: The Gord had become an Owner
in Hell. Witness after Witness held forth tales of lunacy and mental
vacuousness.
nd when I travelled from the hallowed
halls of my Game Store and visited the Game Store of The Gord, the
truth became apparent. I have no cause to disbelieve the veracity of
the tales told here. The truth, it would certainly seem, is contained
herein. Go now, and read of The Gord, and know that he has walked the
path of the Game Store Owner, and that he has suffered for all of us.
knew him as Gord. These were his
stories.
Last Update:
August 8, 2012:
1. Now that pretty much everyone who has ever ordered a book in the past has got
their's, I am selling the extra copies that were printed. If you want what is basically a
hardcover version of this site, make a payment via PayPal to gord@actsofgord.com.
2. Please ensure you include your address. Canada: $22, US: $24, and worldwide: $29.
Basically, it's $19 plus shipping. US$ or CA$ are fine as the currencies are equal.
February 8, 2012:
1. For those who never received your book, please email me your
PayPal receipt and a copy of the book you paid for years ago will be sent
to you. I assure you that the reason you didn't get your book is because
PayPal hates you more than you can possibly imagine. Or me. Perhaps both.
2. Once the last of the pre-paid books have been shipped, there will be
a limited number of copies left over for people who would like to basically buy
the site in hardcover paper form. However, no copies will be sold until essentially
the last of the pre-ordered books have been shipped.
3. Gord's personal web set is currently being blocked by his ISP until
the new fibre line is run to the house. Telus allows people to run servers from their home,
but they block port 80 on DSL connections. <http://aog.2y.net/>
4. There is no new content to speak of. Though a related site on how not
to run a business may be done in the coming months, because if there is one thing I don't
know what to do, it's how to run a business. Less humour, more just an amazing list of
how I can't do anything right.
Really old news:
I really should get
a current email address for Stephanie if I am going to be suggesting people
contact her. I wonder if I told her we're on for
dinner when I am in Korea at the end of the month. Why do I not yet have
a personal assistant who confirms these things for me?
|
| |
|
| |
| http://www.actsofgord.com/ |
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<meta name="Author" content="Richard Loxley">
<title>Richard Loxley - Risk game on Apple Macintosh</title>
<LINK REL=stylesheet TYPE="text/css" href="/oldstylesheet.css"></a>
</head>
<body>
<p class=centre>
<a href="/" class=navbar>
Home
</a>
<a href="http://www.greenvideo.co.uk/" class=navbar>
Video editing
</a>
<a href="/contact/" class=navbar>
Contact details
</a>
<a href="/fun/" class=navbar>
Fun stuff
</a><p><br>
<H1>The 1986 Risk game on the Apple Macintosh</H1>
<p>
If you played around with the original Apple Mac (or Mac Plus) in the late 80's, you may
remember the Risk game:
<p>
<center>
<img src="risk1.gif" alt="Configuring the players">
</center>
<p>
<center>
<img src="risk2.gif" alt="Playing the game">
</center>
<p>
Now I have a Mac SE and a Mac Classic, along with all my old disks, but I never boot them
up these days.
<p>
I long to play Risk though, and none of the new versions have quite the
same feel as the old ones, so I occasionally get a Mac down from my loft and boot it up for a
few games.
<p>
I recently decided to try out an emulator and see if I could copy the game over to a modern computer.
To cut a long story short, I succeeded, and to save you the effort, I offer you the following
downloads:
<p class="indent">
<a href="risk.zip">Mac Plus emulator for Windows including Risk game</a>
<p>
<p class="indent">
<a href="risk_osx_64.zip">Mac Plus emulator for newer 64 bit Mac OS X including Risk game</a>
<p>
<p class="indent">
<a href="risk_osx_64_big_quiet.zip">Mac Plus emulator for newer 64 bit Mac OS X including Risk game (starts with bigger window and volume turned down)</a>
<p>
<p class="indent">
<a href="risk_osx_32.zip">Mac Plus emulator for older 32 bit Mac OS X including Risk game</a>
<p>
The zip file contains <a href="http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/">Mini vMac</a>,
emulating a Mac Plus, along with the Mac Plus ROM, and a minimal Mac Plus System 6.0.8 boot disk containing
the Risk program. It also contains a shortcut which will start the emulator and boot
from the disk image in one go. Just click the "Risk" icon to get going!
<p>
<b>Please note that to use the Mac Plus ROM legally, you must own an Apple Mac computer with
the appropriate ROM.</b>
<p>
I would also like to point out that the Risk game was written by <b>Antonie J. Engel</b>
a.k.a. <b>Tone Engel</b>, and is copyright
to him. As far as I can tell from my research, there was never any way to purchase a copy, and
it freely circulated amongst Mac owners. If Tone does not approve of his program being distributed
in this way, please <a href="/contact/">contact me</a> and I will
remove the download.
<p>
The version of Risk here has been slightly modified by me (back in the early 90's) to give more
interesting player names than "Player 1", etc. I seem to remember I used a resource editor to
do this.
<p>
If you get bitten by the bug to play with Mac nostaglia, check out
<a href="http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/">Mini vMac</a> further, and add a larger hard disk
to your emulator.
<p>
If you still have your old Mac and want to transfer files over to the emulator, you need to
format a 1.44 MB floppy on the Mac, copy the files onto that, and then use
<a href="http://www.emulators.com/download.htm#UTILITIES">Gemulator Explorer</a> to read the
Mac disk on a Windows PC - use the "Create Image File From Physical Disk" option to create a ".dsk"
file that Mini vMac can open.
<p>
<b>
I have now found a website that emulates a Mac Plus in a web browser, and it includes the original Risk game in the Games folder! Check it out <a href="https://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/pce-js-apps/">here</a>.
</b>
<p>
Incidentally, I only found
<a href="http://www.grenier-du-mac.net/fiches/risk1.htm">one other website</a> describing this
Risk game.
<em>[Edit: that site is now gone, but there is <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120126115951/http://www.grenier-du-mac.net/fiches/risk1.htm">an archived copy here</a>.]</em>
Surely more people remember and love this game!
<p>
If you have any questions or comments
<a href="/contact/">I'd love to hear them</a>.
</body>
</html>
|
Richard Loxley - Risk game on Apple Macintosh
[Home](/)
[Video editing](http://www.greenvideo.co.uk/)
[Contact details](/contact/)
[Fun stuff](/fun/)
# The 1986 Risk game on the Apple Macintosh
If you played around with the original Apple Mac (or Mac Plus) in the late 80's, you may
remember the Risk game:
Now I have a Mac SE and a Mac Classic, along with all my old disks, but I never boot them
up these days.
I long to play Risk though, and none of the new versions have quite the
same feel as the old ones, so I occasionally get a Mac down from my loft and boot it up for a
few games.
I recently decided to try out an emulator and see if I could copy the game over to a modern computer.
To cut a long story short, I succeeded, and to save you the effort, I offer you the following
downloads:
[Mac Plus emulator for Windows including Risk game](risk.zip)
[Mac Plus emulator for newer 64 bit Mac OS X including Risk game](risk_osx_64.zip)
[Mac Plus emulator for newer 64 bit Mac OS X including Risk game (starts with bigger window and volume turned down)](risk_osx_64_big_quiet.zip)
[Mac Plus emulator for older 32 bit Mac OS X including Risk game](risk_osx_32.zip)
The zip file contains [Mini vMac](http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/),
emulating a Mac Plus, along with the Mac Plus ROM, and a minimal Mac Plus System 6.0.8 boot disk containing
the Risk program. It also contains a shortcut which will start the emulator and boot
from the disk image in one go. Just click the "Risk" icon to get going!
**Please note that to use the Mac Plus ROM legally, you must own an Apple Mac computer with
the appropriate ROM.**
I would also like to point out that the Risk game was written by **Antonie J. Engel**
a.k.a. **Tone Engel**, and is copyright
to him. As far as I can tell from my research, there was never any way to purchase a copy, and
it freely circulated amongst Mac owners. If Tone does not approve of his program being distributed
in this way, please [contact me](/contact/) and I will
remove the download.
The version of Risk here has been slightly modified by me (back in the early 90's) to give more
interesting player names than "Player 1", etc. I seem to remember I used a resource editor to
do this.
If you get bitten by the bug to play with Mac nostaglia, check out
[Mini vMac](http://minivmac.sourceforge.net/) further, and add a larger hard disk
to your emulator.
If you still have your old Mac and want to transfer files over to the emulator, you need to
format a 1.44 MB floppy on the Mac, copy the files onto that, and then use
[Gemulator Explorer](http://www.emulators.com/download.htm#UTILITIES) to read the
Mac disk on a Windows PC - use the "Create Image File From Physical Disk" option to create a ".dsk"
file that Mini vMac can open.
**I have now found a website that emulates a Mac Plus in a web browser, and it includes the original Risk game in the Games folder! Check it out [here](https://jamesfriend.com.au/pce-js/pce-js-apps/).**
Incidentally, I only found
[one other website](http://www.grenier-du-mac.net/fiches/risk1.htm) describing this
Risk game.
*[Edit: that site is now gone, but there is [an archived copy here](https://web.archive.org/web/20120126115951/http://www.grenier-du-mac.net/fiches/risk1.htm).]*
Surely more people remember and love this game!
If you have any questions or comments
[I'd love to hear them](/contact/).
| https://www.richardloxley.com/oldsite/fun/risk/ |
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<meta content="World map with links to photos and detailed descriptions of various types of domestic plugs and sockets." name="description"><title>Museum of Plugs and Sockets: Overview</title></head><body style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);" link="#0000ff" vlink="#0000ff">
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<table style="width: 816px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
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<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 521px; text-align: center;"><b><font color="#990000" face="Arial" size="+3">Overview of<br>
plugs and sockets</font></b></td>
<td style="width: 45px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a href="SiteMap.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 40px; height: 41px;" alt="navigation icon" src="NavIcons/UpArrowSiteMap.gif"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;"><small><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">site</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
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<td style="width: 45px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a href="index.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 41px; height: 41px;" alt="navigation icon" src="NavIcons/HomePlug.gif"></a></td>
<td style="width: 45px; text-align: center; vertical-align: top;"><a href="Overview_3hd.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 41px; height: 41px;" alt="navigation icon" src="NavIcons/MapPlug_3phase.gif"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;"><small><span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">heavy</span><br style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">
<span style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">duty</span></small> <br>
</span></small></td>
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<p> </p>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="816">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<center><b><font face="Arial">The world map below shows
standards of domestic plugs. Click on a <a href="#plugs">plug</a> for
details. <br>
An illustrated overview of domestic <a href="Overview-socket-standards.html" target="_blank">socket standards</a>
is given on a separate page.<br>
<a href="#other">Other types</a> of plugs and sockets
are listed below.<br>
<a name="plugs"></a></font></b></center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="100%">
<center> <map name="TypeMap5"><area shape="rect" coords="411,369,489,463" href="Thai_3polePlugs.html"><area shape="rect" coords="617,374,704,483" href="IEC60906-1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="194,343,277,426" href="Italian1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="209,20,285,133" href="Danish1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="101,343,178,446" href="Swiss1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="507,369,592,486" href="Australian1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="351,23,453,108" href="Israeli1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="12,166,99,260" href="Schuko1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="123,20,189,141" href="British1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="26,268,86,356" href="French1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="285,371,390,487" href="OldBritish1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="13,4,98,75" href="Europlug4.html"><area shape="rect" coords="13,82,98,157" href="Europlug1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="516,8,661,106" href="NorthAm1.html"><area shape="rect" coords="11,368,90,496" href="CEE-standard.html">
</map>
<img alt="World map with plug standards" src="MapImages/TypeMap.jpg" naturalsizeflag="3" usemap="#TypeMap5" ismap="ismap" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 715px; height: 500px;"></center>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="width: 816px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 100%;"> <font face="Arial" size="-1">Nearly
each type of
plug is used in a number of countries. </font><font face="Arial" size="-1">An inventory of countries with their types of
plugs and
sockets is given in the <br>
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.iec.ch/world-plugs">IEC list</a>
of </font><font face="Arial" size="-1">World Plugs. The IEC uses
letters A-N to indicate plug types. Letters and corresponding standards
are <a href="#A-N">listed below</a>.</font><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<a name="other"></a><br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 816px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: center;"><big><font color="#990000" face="Arial" size="-1"><big><br>
More plugs and sockets are displayed on
the following pages</big></font><font face="Arial" size="-1"><big>:</big></font></big></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 816px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100px; height: 84px;"><a href="General-info.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Information image" src="MapImages/Info.jpg"></a><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 308px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="General-info.html">General
information</a><br>
<small>Development of plugs, sockets, safety aspects. <br>
Wiring techniques. Certification and quality marks.<br>
Information about plug manufacturers.<br>
</small></span></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 308px; text-align: right;"><font face="Arial"><a href="ContEUR_overview.html">Classic, continental
European
plugs</a>*</font><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Material made in Germany and
elsewhere, including special and uncommon
types (1910s-'70s).</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; width: 100px; text-align: right;"><a href="ContEUR_overview.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Classic plug image" src="MapImages/ClassicPlug.jpg"></a><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; height: 84px;"><a href="NonStandard.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Terko socket" src="MapImages/Terko.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="NonStandard.html"><font face="Arial">Uncommon plugs and
sockets</font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Material, used for special purposes,
that deviates from standards shown in the above map</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><a href="ApplConn_overview.html"><font face="Arial">Appliance
couplers</font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Classic porcelain and Bakelite
connectors, and modern appliance couplers, as IEC 60320.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><a href="ApplConn_overview.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Krania appliance connector" src="MapImages/ApplConn_Krania.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; height: 84px;"><a href="Unusual.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Wylex plug" src="MapImages/WylexPlug.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="Unusual.html"><font face="Arial">Phased out plugs and sockets</font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Examples of outdated domestic types<br>
found in Britain and Greece.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><a href="AdapPlugs.html"><font face="Arial">Adapter plugs</font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Useful when
traveling;
makes an alien outlet accessible to the type of plugs in your country.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><a href="AdapPlugs.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Multi-standard adapter plug" src="MapImages/AdapterPlug.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; height: 84px;"><a href="MultiSockets.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Chinese multi-standard socket" src="MapImages/Multi-socket.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="MultiSockets.html"><font face="Arial">Multi-standard sockets</font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">Sockets with outlets
for different types of plugs,<br>
used in countries that allow several standards.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><font face="Arial"><a href="Depot1.html">Depot</a><br>
</font><small style="font-family: Arial;">Plugs and sockets that
doesn't<br>
match to any of the categories</small><font face="Arial" size="-1">.</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;"><a href="Depot1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Hook plug, small" src="MapImages/HookPlug.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 816px;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><big>*
<small>More
examples of classic material are shown on pages devoted to standards
(see map above) and country-specific pages (see below). </small><br>
</big></font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 816px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="4">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 180px; text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">Country-specific
pages</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 46px;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 590px; height: 40px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><big style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"><small style="color: black;">For various reasons pages have been added that
are devoted to a single country. <br>
Click on a
flag for images of local plugs and sockets.</small></big></font></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 810px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center; height: 75px;"><a href="Argentina1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="flag of Argentina" src="MapImages/Flag-AR.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Argentina</span></small>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><a href="Brazil1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="flag of Brazil" src="MapImages/Flag-BR.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Brazil</span></small><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><br>
</span> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><a href="Chile1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Chile" src="MapImages/Flag-CL.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Chile</span></small> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><a href="China1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of China" src="MapImages/Flag-CN.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">China</span></small><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="Czech1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Czech Republic" src="MapImages/Flag-CZ.jpg"></a><br>
Czech Rep.<br>
</span></small> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><a href="Greece1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Greece" src="MapImages/Flag-GR.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Greece</span></small><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"><a href="Japan1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Japan" src="MapImages/Flag-JP.jpg"></a><br>
Japan</span></small> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><a href="Dutch_classic1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of the Netherlands" src="MapImages/Flag-NL.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Netherlands</span></small>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><a href="Russia1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="flag of Russia" src="MapImages/Flag-RU.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Russia</span></small> <small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 810px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 75px; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><a href="Czech1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Slovakia" src="MapImages/Flag-SK.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Slovakia</span></small></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><small><span style="font-family: Arial;"></span></small><a href="SouthAfrica1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of South Africa" src="MapImages/Flag-ZA.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">South Africa<br>
</span></small></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><a href="Spain1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="Flag of Spain" src="MapImages/Flag-ES.jpg"></a><br>
<small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Spain</span></small> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><a href="Argentina1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 48px;" alt="flag of Uruguay" src="MapImages/Flag-UY.jpg"></a><small><span style="font-family: Arial;">Uruguay</span></small> </td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; width: 90px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table style="width: 816px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 130px;"><a href="UnknownSpecimen.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 128px; height: 80px;" alt="Tripoliki adapter outlet" src="MapImages/Tripoliki_adapter.jpg"></a></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; width: 556px;"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);"></span><font face="Arial"><a href="UnknownSpecimen.html">Plugs
and sockets that are missing or unknown</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">A collection is never complete. The
'most wanted' items are summarized.<br>
Other items in the museum collection are of unkown origin. <br>
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Have a look, it might be that
you can help me. </span></font><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 130px;"><a href="UnknownSpecimen.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 80px; height: 80px;" alt="Question mark socket" src="MapImages/QuestionMark_socket.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p> </p>
<table style="width: 816px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><big style="color: rgb(153, 153, 153);"><font face="Arial"><small><span style="color: rgb(153, 0, 0);">The museum has a separate wing for ...</span>
<br>
<br>
</small></font></big><a href="Overview_3hd.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 760px; height: 80px;" alt="Heavy duty plugs" src="MapImages/Row8heavyDutyPlugs.jpg"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table style="width: 816px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; width: 738px;"><font face="Arial"><small><a href="Overview_3hd.html"><big>Single and
three-phase plugs and sockets for non-industrial heavy duty applications</big></a><big><br>
<br>
as electric ranges, dryers etc., equipment in workshops, farms and
outdoors.</big><br>
<br>
Note that a five pin plug is used for navigation to this wing, see
example right.</small></font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; text-align: left; width: 72px;"><a href="Overview_3hd.html"><img title="3-phase/heavy duty overview page" style="border: 0px solid ; width: 40px; height: 41px;" alt="3-phase navigation plug" src="NavIcons/MapPlug_3phase.gif"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><a name="A-N"></a> </p>
<hr>
<br>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="816">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="100%"> <font face="Arial" size="-1"> Occasionally
domestic
plug </font><font face="Arial" size="-1">standards</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">
are indicated with capital letters A - O. It is an unofficial
classification system. The museum does not use the system,
but for your convenience links between letter codes and corresponding
pages
of the website are given below.<br>
</font> </td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<table style="width: 700px; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px; height: 100px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="NorthAm1.html">Types A/B</a><br>
<br>
<a href="NorthAm1.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type B plug" src="MapImages/Profile_B.gif"></a><br>
NEMA<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">N.America</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Europlug1.html">Type C</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Europlug1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type C plug" src="MapImages/Profile_C.gif"></span></a><br>
CEE 7/16<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Europe</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="OldBritish1.html">Type D</a><br>
<br>
<a href="OldBritish1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type D plug" src="MapImages/Profile_D.gif"></span></a><br>
BS 546<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">UK, India</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="French1.html">Type E</a><br>
<br>
<a href="French1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type E plug" src="MapImages/Profile_E.gif"></span></a><br>
CEE 7/6<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">France</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Schuko1.html">Type F</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Schuko1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type F plug" src="MapImages/Profile_F.gif"></span></a><br>
CEE 7/4<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Germany</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="British1.html">Type G</a><br>
<br>
<a href="British1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type G plug" src="MapImages/Profile_G.gif"></span></a><br>
BS 1363<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">UK</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Israeli1.html">Type H</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Israeli1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type H plug" src="MapImages/Profile_H.gif"></span></a><br>
SI 21<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Israel</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Australian1.html">Type I</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Australian1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type I plug" src="MapImages/Profile_I.gif"></span></a><br>
AS 3112<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Australia</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Swiss1.html">Type J</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Swiss1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type J plug" src="MapImages/Profile_J.gif"></span></a><br>
SEV 1011<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Switzerland</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; width: 67px;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Danish1.html">Type K</a><br>
<br>
<a href="Danish1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type K plug" src="MapImages/Profile_K.gif"></span></a><br>
107-2-D1<br>
Denmark</font></td>
</tr><tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 20px;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; height: 100px; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Italian1.html">Type L</a><br>
<br>
</font><a href="Italian1.html"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Italian1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type L plug" src="MapImages/Profile_L.gif"></span></a></font></a><font face="Arial" size="-1"><br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">
CEI 23-50<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Italy</font><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Italian1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></a></font><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="OldBritish1.html">Type M</a><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="OldBritish1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 39px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type N plug" src="MapImages/Profile_M.gif"></span></a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">
BS 546<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">S.Africa</font><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="IEC60906-1.html">Type N</a><br>
<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="IEC60906-1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type N plug" src="MapImages/Profile_N.gif"></span></a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="IEC60906-1.html"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"></span></a></font><font face="Arial" size="-1">
IEC60906<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">S.Africa</font></td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><a href="Thai_3polePlugs.html">Type O</a><br>
<br>
</font><a href="Thai_3polePlugs.html"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><span style="text-decoration: underline;"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 35px; height: 38px;" alt="Profile type E plug" src="MapImages/Profile_TH.gif"></span></font></a><br>
<font face="Arial" size="-1">TIS 1662549<br>
</font><font face="Arial" size="-1">Thailand</font><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
<td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center;"><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<p> </p>
<table style="width: 750px;" border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="width: 750px;"><big style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><b style="font-weight: bold;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><big>D</big></font></b></big><big style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"><b style="font-weight: bold;"><font face="Arial" size="-1"><big>isclaimer</big></font></b></big><font face="Arial" size="-1"> This website is a
digital <i>museum</i>.
Legends to illustrations etc. are not to be regarded as instruction
manuals. We refer to documentation that comes with plugs and sockets
for information about the proper and safe use of these devices. <br>
</font>
<div style="text-align: center; color: rgb(153, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;"><font face="Arial" size="-1">If in
any doubt, consult a qualified electrician !<br>
</font>
<div style="text-align: left;"><small style="font-weight: normal; color: black;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">While
every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this website, the
author assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is
any
liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of information
contained herein.</span></small><br>
</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
<p> </p>
<center>
<hr></center>
<blockquote>
<center>
<table style="width: 816px;" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="44">
<center><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 40px; height: 41px;" alt="navigation icon" src="NavIcons/PrevPlug_grey.gif" naturalsizeflag="3"></center>
</td>
<td style="width: 342px; text-align: center;"> <font color="#999999" face="Arial" size="+2">D i g i t a l
M u s e u m o f</font> </td>
<td style="width: 44px; text-align: center;"><a href="Overview.html"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 40px; height: 41px;" alt="navigation icon" title="Home pag" src="NavIcons/UpArrow2.gif"></a></td>
<td style="width: 342px; text-align: center;"><font color="#999999" face="Arial" size="+2">P l u g s a n
d S o c k e t s</font></td>
<td width="44">
<center><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 40px; height: 41px;" alt="next" title="Type A/B page" src="NavIcons/NextPlug_grey.gif" naturalsizeflag="3"> </center>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</center>
</blockquote>
<hr><br>
<br>
</body></html> |
Museum of Plugs and Sockets: Overview
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|
World map with plug standards |
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| Nearly
each type of
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sockets is given in the
[IEC list](https://www.iec.ch/world-plugs)
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doesn't
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| \*
More
examples of classic material are shown on pages devoted to standards
(see map above) and country-specific pages (see below).
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| Country-specific
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Click on a
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| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Tripoliki adapter outlet](UnknownSpecimen.html) | [Plugs
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A collection is never complete. The
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[Heavy duty plugs](Overview_3hd.html) |
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| [Single and
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as electric ranges, dryers etc., equipment in workshops, farms and
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Note that a five pin plug is used for navigation to this wing, see
example right. | [3-phase navigation plug](Overview_3hd.html) |
---
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| --- |
| Occasionally
domestic
plug standards
are indicated with capital letters A - O. It is an unofficial
classification system. The museum does not use the system,
but for your convenience links between letter codes and corresponding
pages
of the website are given below.
|
| | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Types A/B](NorthAm1.html)
[Profile type B plug](NorthAm1.html)
NEMA
N.America | [Type C](Europlug1.html)
[Profile type C plug](Europlug1.html)
CEE 7/16
Europe | [Type D](OldBritish1.html)
[Profile type D plug](OldBritish1.html)
BS 546
UK, India | [Type E](French1.html)
[Profile type E plug](French1.html)
CEE 7/6
France | [Type F](Schuko1.html)
[Profile type F plug](Schuko1.html)
CEE 7/4
Germany | [Type G](British1.html)
[Profile type G plug](British1.html)
BS 1363
UK | [Type H](Israeli1.html)
[Profile type H plug](Israeli1.html)
SI 21
Israel | [Type I](Australian1.html)
[Profile type I plug](Australian1.html)
AS 3112
Australia | [Type J](Swiss1.html)
[Profile type J plug](Swiss1.html)
SEV 1011
Switzerland | [Type K](Danish1.html)
[Profile type K plug](Danish1.html)
107-2-D1
Denmark |
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | [Type L](Italian1.html)
[[Profile type L plug](Italian1.html)](Italian1.html)
CEI 23-50
Italy | [Type M](OldBritish1.html)
[Profile type N plug](OldBritish1.html)
BS 546
S.Africa | [Type N](IEC60906-1.html)
[Profile type N plug](IEC60906-1.html)
IEC60906
S.Africa | [Type O](Thai_3polePlugs.html)
[Profile type E plug](Thai_3polePlugs.html)
TIS 1662549
Thailand | | | |
---
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Legends to illustrations etc. are not to be regarded as instruction
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If in
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While
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author assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is
any
liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of information
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<title>Speleologist, Spelunker or Caver?</title>
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<CENTER><H3>Speleologist, Spelunker or Caver?</H3></CENTER>
<P><H4> What is the difference between a speleologist, a spelunker and a caver? These are a
few terms you might want to know what they mean before you start flinging them
around.</H4></P>
<CENTER><table COLS=6><tr>
<td><IMG SRC="martely.gif" WIDTH=100></td>
<td><IMG SRC="luella.jpg" WIDTH=100></td>
<td><IMG SRC="jhbretz.jpg" WIDTH=100></td>
<td><IMG SRC="vineyard.jpg" WIDTH=100></td>
<td><IMG SRC="tex.jpg" WIDTH=100></td>
<td><IMG SRC="don.jpg" WIDTH=100></td>
</tr></table></CENTER>
<H2><B>Speleologist--</B></H2>
<P><H4> This word has its roots in the beginnings of modern, systematic
caving. Martel
attributes its origin to Emile Riviere in 1890--as a derivation of the French form
"speleologie." Martel was by education a lawyer, not a scientist, and early speleology
was seen more as branch of geography, than one of the more traditionally experimental
sciences. The coining of the words, speleology and speleologist seems to have been
an attempt to legitimize what was a questionable exercise in the minds of most surface
dwellers.</H4></P>
<P><H4> Speleology has always been an interdisciplinary science, requiring one to have at least a
smattering of geology, hydrology, biology, chemistry, climatology and survey techniques in addition
to whatever specialty one has.</H4></P>
<P><H4> Most early speleologists were amateurs, not trained scientists, and even today, it is rare to find a
degree in speleology or karst processes. The 1950's saw the rise of legitimate speleology, as
scientific methods began to be applied to caves and cave life. Many experts in the field are trained
as geologists, hydrologists, biologists, surveyors, are teachers, or employees of land management
concerns such as parks or commercial caves. Some speleologists even today are largely self-
educated in the field, with jobs having nothing to do with natural resources.</H4></P>
<P><H4> What distinguishes a speleologist from a spelunker or a caver is data. Whether it be maps, reports,
drawings, photos, or full-blown scientific research, a speleologist aims for state of the art
professional standards in his or her data production. A cave trip from which a speleologist learns
nothing is a wasted effort, and the scientific bent frowns on purely recreational caving. Even so,
many speleologists begin as cavers, "graduating" to speleologists as some aspect of the cave
environment becomes their own personal niche for investigation.</H4></P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="kids.jpg"></CENTER>
<H2>Spelunker--</H2>
<P><H4> A spelunker, technically, is a person who goes in caves. Originally derived
from the Latin<I> spelunca</I>, (and the related Greek <I>speleios</I>), it comes from the Middle
English word, spelunk, meaning cave or grotto. The word, spelunk, apparently went out
of common use about 1600, though the adjective, speluncar (pertaining to caves)
continued into the mid-19th Century. The name of the French bulletin of <B>Le Societe de
Speleologie</B>*--founded by Edouard-Alfred Martel in 1895--was <I>Spelunca</I>. The first
modern usage of spelunker in America was probably that reported by Clay Perry in
Underground New England in 1939, describing a group of men and boys engaged in "a
more or less systematic study of the caves and old mines of the area" who called
themselves Spelunkers. Life magazine in the early 1940's may have been the first
widespread use of the term in print in an article named, "Life Goes Spelunking."
Through the 1950's, spelunker was apparently used as the generic term--with no good
or bad connotations. A movie shown at the 1955 NSS Convention by William
Hugstrunk, was entitled, "The Spelunkers." The MSM (Missouri School of Mines)
Spelunker's Club was founded during this era, and the name continues to be used by
that MSS grotto. Other popular publications of the '50s refer to spelunkers and
spelunking without the slightest blush.</H4></P>
<P><H4> Sometime in the 1960s (according to Joe Walsh, and probably during an earlier
upsurge of interest in venturing underground), spelunker began to take on the
connotation of rank amateur, while those "in the know" but not degreed scientists began
to refer to themselves as cavers. Steve Knutson (editor of American Caving Accidents)
makes the same distinction in a 1995 article given at a Risk Management conference:<BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE>..."Note that I use the term "spelunker" to denote someone untrained and
unknowledgeable in current exploration techniques, and "caver" for those who
are."</BLOCKQUOTE></H4></P>
<P><H4> Spelunker, at this time, carries with it the image of a tennis-shod explorer, caving in
cotton clothing by the light of a hand held flashlight, with butane lighters for backups.
They are notorious for descending freehand, on cotton or manila rope, with little
thought for the ascent. Pushing Coleman lanterns in crawlways is another favorite
spelunker trick. Spelunkers differ from novice cavers in that (usually) the novice is
attempting to learn correct techique. According to Clive Keen of British Columbia,
"calling someone a spelunker up here is a serious insult." In the States, one wishing to
be taken seriously avoids the word in self-reference, corrects others who accuse him or
her of being a spelunker, and proudly displays the bumper sticker, "Cavers Rescue
Spelunkers."</H4></P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="jogene.jpg" WIDTH=225></CENTER>
<B><H2>Caver--<H2></B>
<P><H4>So what is a caver? Unlike spelunkers, whose skills are questionable, and speleologists, who
seem distinctly serious and un-fun, a caver may be considered the middle of the road cave
explorer.Cavers enjoy caves for their own sake, and most people whose interest in caving is
primarily recreational consider themselves cavers. Cavers often possess the best technical skills
in moving safely underground, and many of the innovations in new equipment have been
invented by cavers.</H4></P>
<P><H4> Cavers are known as the discoverers and explorers of new caves, the people who ridgewalk and
dig, rig rope and cave dive, driven by the hope of virgin passage just ahead.</H4></P>
<P><H4> Cavers will survey and map, just for the privilege of naming the passages with some awful pun.
Some cavers are ardent photographers, not so much for documentation, as for slideshows and
videos to entertain fellow cavers.</H4></P>
<P><H4> On a more serious note, one subset of cavers have become expert at cave search and rescue in
order to provide a safety net for fellow cavers. These cavers are often called out by local fire and
police forces to effect rescues for which the paid emergency services are ill-equipped, and rarely
trained. So they get out of bed in the middle of the night, and travel long distances to rescue
perfect strangers for no other reason than they have the know-how.<P>
Some cavers become well-known as speleologists. Others become that strange creature known
as a speleopolitician who tries to conserve caves by dealing with the various landowner and cave
controlling agencies. And others disdain notoriety, and simply cave because they enjoy it. A great
love of caves and their critters drives them--and they work to preserve their private paradise, with no
thought or interest in others except for their caving buddies.</H4></P>
<P><H4>So now that you know the difference--what are you? A Spelunker? A Speleologist? or A
Caver?</H4></P>
<P><H4> *As this was created in US ASCII, I did not have access to French accent marks. Sorry. Special thanks
to Joe Walsh, Bill Mixon, Clive Keen and others for assistance.</H4></P>
<P><H4><EM>E.A. Martel photo courtesy http://www.kliebhan.de/spelhist/, Owen photo from Missouri Conservationist, Bretz photo from Smithsonian Magazine.</EM></H4></P>
<P><H5><IMG SRC="copyr.gif" height=15 width=15> 2003 Jo Schaper.</H5></P>
<img SRC=webworml.gif WIDTH=208>
<HR>
<A HREF="http://members.socket.net/~joschaper/webster.html">Return to Webster's Home Cave.</A></H4></P>
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</HTML>
|
Speleologist, Spelunker or Caver?
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | | |
### Speleologist, Spelunker or Caver?
#### What is the difference between a speleologist, a spelunker and a caver? These are a
few terms you might want to know what they mean before you start flinging them
around.
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | |
## **Speleologist--**
#### This word has its roots in the beginnings of modern, systematic
caving. Martel
attributes its origin to Emile Riviere in 1890--as a derivation of the French form
"speleologie." Martel was by education a lawyer, not a scientist, and early speleology
was seen more as branch of geography, than one of the more traditionally experimental
sciences. The coining of the words, speleology and speleologist seems to have been
an attempt to legitimize what was a questionable exercise in the minds of most surface
dwellers.
#### Speleology has always been an interdisciplinary science, requiring one to have at least a
smattering of geology, hydrology, biology, chemistry, climatology and survey techniques in addition
to whatever specialty one has.
#### Most early speleologists were amateurs, not trained scientists, and even today, it is rare to find a
degree in speleology or karst processes. The 1950's saw the rise of legitimate speleology, as
scientific methods began to be applied to caves and cave life. Many experts in the field are trained
as geologists, hydrologists, biologists, surveyors, are teachers, or employees of land management
concerns such as parks or commercial caves. Some speleologists even today are largely self-
educated in the field, with jobs having nothing to do with natural resources.
#### What distinguishes a speleologist from a spelunker or a caver is data. Whether it be maps, reports,
drawings, photos, or full-blown scientific research, a speleologist aims for state of the art
professional standards in his or her data production. A cave trip from which a speleologist learns
nothing is a wasted effort, and the scientific bent frowns on purely recreational caving. Even so,
many speleologists begin as cavers, "graduating" to speleologists as some aspect of the cave
environment becomes their own personal niche for investigation.
## Spelunker--
#### A spelunker, technically, is a person who goes in caves. Originally derived
from the Latin *spelunca*, (and the related Greek *speleios*), it comes from the Middle
English word, spelunk, meaning cave or grotto. The word, spelunk, apparently went out
of common use about 1600, though the adjective, speluncar (pertaining to caves)
continued into the mid-19th Century. The name of the French bulletin of **Le Societe de
Speleologie**\*--founded by Edouard-Alfred Martel in 1895--was *Spelunca*. The first
modern usage of spelunker in America was probably that reported by Clay Perry in
Underground New England in 1939, describing a group of men and boys engaged in "a
more or less systematic study of the caves and old mines of the area" who called
themselves Spelunkers. Life magazine in the early 1940's may have been the first
widespread use of the term in print in an article named, "Life Goes Spelunking."
Through the 1950's, spelunker was apparently used as the generic term--with no good
or bad connotations. A movie shown at the 1955 NSS Convention by William
Hugstrunk, was entitled, "The Spelunkers." The MSM (Missouri School of Mines)
Spelunker's Club was founded during this era, and the name continues to be used by
that MSS grotto. Other popular publications of the '50s refer to spelunkers and
spelunking without the slightest blush.
#### Sometime in the 1960s (according to Joe Walsh, and probably during an earlier
upsurge of interest in venturing underground), spelunker began to take on the
connotation of rank amateur, while those "in the know" but not degreed scientists began
to refer to themselves as cavers. Steve Knutson (editor of American Caving Accidents)
makes the same distinction in a 1995 article given at a Risk Management conference:
..."Note that I use the term "spelunker" to denote someone untrained and
unknowledgeable in current exploration techniques, and "caver" for those who
are."
#### Spelunker, at this time, carries with it the image of a tennis-shod explorer, caving in
cotton clothing by the light of a hand held flashlight, with butane lighters for backups.
They are notorious for descending freehand, on cotton or manila rope, with little
thought for the ascent. Pushing Coleman lanterns in crawlways is another favorite
spelunker trick. Spelunkers differ from novice cavers in that (usually) the novice is
attempting to learn correct techique. According to Clive Keen of British Columbia,
"calling someone a spelunker up here is a serious insult." In the States, one wishing to
be taken seriously avoids the word in self-reference, corrects others who accuse him or
her of being a spelunker, and proudly displays the bumper sticker, "Cavers Rescue
Spelunkers."
**## Caver--**
#### So what is a caver? Unlike spelunkers, whose skills are questionable, and speleologists, who
seem distinctly serious and un-fun, a caver may be considered the middle of the road cave
explorer.Cavers enjoy caves for their own sake, and most people whose interest in caving is
primarily recreational consider themselves cavers. Cavers often possess the best technical skills
in moving safely underground, and many of the innovations in new equipment have been
invented by cavers.
#### Cavers are known as the discoverers and explorers of new caves, the people who ridgewalk and
dig, rig rope and cave dive, driven by the hope of virgin passage just ahead.
#### Cavers will survey and map, just for the privilege of naming the passages with some awful pun.
Some cavers are ardent photographers, not so much for documentation, as for slideshows and
videos to entertain fellow cavers.
#### On a more serious note, one subset of cavers have become expert at cave search and rescue in
order to provide a safety net for fellow cavers. These cavers are often called out by local fire and
police forces to effect rescues for which the paid emergency services are ill-equipped, and rarely
trained. So they get out of bed in the middle of the night, and travel long distances to rescue
perfect strangers for no other reason than they have the know-how.
Some cavers become well-known as speleologists. Others become that strange creature known
as a speleopolitician who tries to conserve caves by dealing with the various landowner and cave
controlling agencies. And others disdain notoriety, and simply cave because they enjoy it. A great
love of caves and their critters drives them--and they work to preserve their private paradise, with no
thought or interest in others except for their caving buddies.
#### So now that you know the difference--what are you? A Spelunker? A Speleologist? or A
Caver?
#### \*As this was created in US ASCII, I did not have access to French accent marks. Sorry. Special thanks
to Joe Walsh, Bill Mixon, Clive Keen and others for assistance.
#### *E.A. Martel photo courtesy http://www.kliebhan.de/spelhist/, Owen photo from Missouri Conservationist, Bretz photo from Smithsonian Magazine.*
##### 2003 Jo Schaper.
---
[Return to Webster's Home Cave.](http://members.socket.net/~joschaper/webster.html)
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<tr><td ><center><font color="white"><h2><b><i>A SMALL COLLECTION OF ANTIQUE SILVER<br> AND
OBJECTS OF VERTU<br>THE WHAT IS? SILVER DICTIONARY</i></b></h2></center></td>
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<i><font color="#000091"><h1>FIGURAL AND LITERAL TRADE MARKS<br/>ON AMERICAN SILVER<br/>INITIAL LETTERS: A - B - C - D - E </h1></font></i>
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<font color="#000091"><h3>The trademark (or trade mark) is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business
organization, or other legal entity to signify that the products or
services, to consumers with which the trademark appears, originate from a unique source, and to
distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.<br/>
In many cases the manufacturers of American electroplated or sterling silver did not use
the firm name in their trade mark, preferring a figural or a graphic symbol, often accompanied by the
initials of the firm (one or more).<br/>
This feature, while often obtaining a pleasing visual effect, makes difficult the identification of the
manufacturer.<br/>
The objective of these pages is to offer a quick reference to the directory listing the manufacturers in alphabetic
order.<br/>
Click on the <i>mark</i> to obtain a wider image and on the <i>silversmith's name</i> to read further details about the manufacturer
(location, activity, dates, etc.)</h3></font></td></tr>
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<i><b>LITERAL MARKS - INITIAL LETTERS</i>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGA" target="_blank"> A </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGB" target="_blank"> B </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGC" target="_blank"> C </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGD" target="_blank"> D </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGE" target="_blank"> E</a>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGF" target="_blank"> F </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGG" target="_blank"> G </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGH" target="_blank"> H </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGI" target="_blank"> I </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGJ" target="_blank"> J </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGK" target="_blank"> K </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGL" target="_blank"> L</a>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGM" target="_blank"> M </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGN" target="_blank"> N </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGO" target="_blank"> O </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGP" target="_blank"> P </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGQ" target="_blank"> Q </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGR" target="_blank"> R </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGS" target="_blank"> S</a>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGT" target="_blank"> T </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGU" target="_blank"> U </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGV" target="_blank"> V </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGW" target="_blank"> W </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ" target="_blank"> X </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ" target="_blank"> Y </a>-<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ" target="_blank"> Z</a>
</b></font></div></td>
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<i><b>FIGURAL MARKS</i>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ANCHOR" target="_blank">anchors</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ANIMAL" target="_blank">animals</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ARROW" target="_blank">arrows</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#BELL" target="_blank">bells</a>,
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#BIRD" target="_blank">birds and wings</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CANDELA" target="_blank">candelabra</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CROSS" target="_blank">crosses</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CROWN" target="_blank">crowns</a>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#FANTA" target="_blank">fantastical entities</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#HORSE" target="_blank">horses</a/>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#HUMAN" target="_blank">human figures</a>,
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#KEYS" target="_blank">keys</a>,
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#LION" target="_blank">lions</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#MUSICAL" target="_blank">musical instruments</a>
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#PLANT" target="_blank">plants and vegetables</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#STAR" target="_blank">stars </a> <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#SWORD" target="_blank">swords axes blades</a>,
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#TOOL" target="_blank">tools</a>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#WINDMILL" target="_blank">windmills<a/>,
<a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#WINGS" target="_blank">wings<a/>, <a href="DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#OTHER" target="_blank">others</a></b></font></div></td>
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<i><b>THE DIRECTORY OF</i>
<a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html" target="_blank">STERLING SILVER MAKERS</a> <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKS.html" target="_blank">SILVERPLATE MAKERS</a>
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<font size="5"><b><a name="FIGA"> ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: A</b></font>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="541TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="541TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="161" height="100" alt="trade mark: BERNARD ABEL CO" title="trade mark: BERNARD ABEL CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(A) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#ABEL" target="_blank">BERNARD ABEL CO</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="1TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="1TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="210" height="100" alt="trade mark: ALVIN CORPORATION" title="trade mark: ALVIN CORPORATION"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(A) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#ALVI" target="_blank">ALVIN CORPORATION</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="2TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="2TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="195" height="100" alt="trade mark: AMSTON SILVER CO INC" title="trade mark: AMSTON SILVER CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(A) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMST" target="_blank">AMSTON SILVER CO INC</a><br>Meriden, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="30TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="30TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="210" height="100" alt="trade mark: ALBERT COLES & CO" title="trade mark: ALBERT COLES & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(A C) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#COLE" target="_blank">ALBERT COLES & CO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="160TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="160TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="254" height="100" alt="trade mark: AMERICAN EMBLEM COMPANY" title="trade mark: AMERICAN EMBLEM COMPANY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(AE CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMER" target="_blank">AMERICAN EMBLEM COMPANY</a><br>Utica, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="202TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="202TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="151" height="100" alt="trade mark: HEINTZ ART METAL SHOP" title="trade mark: HEINTZ ART METAL SHOP"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(AHMS) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSH.html#HEIN" target="_blank">HEINTZ ART METAL SHOP</a><br>Buffalo, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="79TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="79TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="173" height="100" alt="trade mark: ALPHONSE LA PAGLIA" title="trade mark: ALPHONSE LA PAGLIA"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">A L) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSL.html#LAPA" target="_blank">ALPHONSE LA PAGLIA</a><br>Meriden, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="161TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="161TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="268" height="100" alt="trade mark: AMES MFG COMPANY" title="trade mark: AMES MFG COMPANY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(AMC) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMES" target="_blank">AMES MFG COMPANY</a><br>Chicopee, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="193TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="193TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="239" height="100" alt="trade mark: ARTHUR R. GEOFFROY" title="trade mark: ARTHUR R. GEOFFROY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(ARG) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSG.html#GEOF" target="_blank">ARTHUR R. GEOFFROY</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
</table>
<table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="1" bgcolor="white" bordercolor="#000091" >
<font size="5"><b><a name="FIGB"> ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: B</b></font>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="393TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="393TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="138" height="100" alt="trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO" title="trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5"> (B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALT" target="_blank">BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO</a><br>Baltimore, MD</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="280TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="280TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="221" height="100" alt="trade mark: C.E. BARKER MFG CO" title="trade mark: C.E. BARKER MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BARKE" target="_blank">C.E. BARKER MFG CO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="332TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="332TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="565" height="100" alt="trade mark: E. & J. BASS" title="trade mark: E. & J. BASS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BASS" target="_blank">E. & J. BASS</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="352TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="352TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="399" height="100" alt="trade mark: BATTIN & CO" title="trade mark: BATTIN & CO"></a>
<a href="353TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="353TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="369" height="100" alt="trade mark: BATTIN & CO" title="trade mark: BATTIN & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BATT" target="_blank">BATTIN & CO</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="361TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="361TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="113" height="100" alt="trade mark: BOYDEN - MINUTH CO" title="trade mark: BOYDEN - MINUTH CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BOYD" target="_blank">BOYDEN - MINUTH CO</a><br>Chicago, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="165TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="165TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="174" height="100" alt="trade mark: THOMAS G. BROWN & SONS" title="trade mark: THOMAS G. BROWN & SONS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BROW" target="_blank">THOMAS G. BROWN & SONS</a><br>Newark, NJ and New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="360TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="360TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="360" height="100" alt="trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD" title="trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD"></a>
<a href="359TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="359TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="350" height="100" alt="trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD" title="trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B and B9) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BLAN" target="_blank">PORTER BLANCHARD</a><br>Gardner, MA and Burbank, Pacoima and Calabasas, CA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="525TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="525TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="291" height="100" alt="trade mark: W.J. BRAITSCH &a CO" title="trade mark: W.J. BRAITSCH & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B&CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.html#BRAIT" target="_blank">W.J. BRAITSCH & CO</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="7TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="7TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="287" height="100" alt="trade mark: BALDWIN & MILLER" title="trade mark: BALDWIN & MILLER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B & M) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BALD" target="_blank">BALDWIN & MILLER INC</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="905TRADEMARKBRAINARDbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="905TRADEMARKBRAINARD.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="184" height="100" alt="trade mark: BRAINARD & WILSON" title="trade mark: BRAINARD & WILSON"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B&W) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.html#BRAI" target="_blank">BRAINARD & WILSON</a><br>Danbury, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="16TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="16TRADEMAR.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="202" height="100" alt="trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO" title="trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.HTML#BENE" target="_blank">BENEDICT MFG CO</a><br>East Syracuse, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="358TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="358TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="196" height="100" alt="trade mark: BINDER BROS. INC." title="trade mark: BINDER BROS. INC."></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.HTML#BIND" target="_blank">BINDER BROS. INC.</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="13TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="13TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="230" height="100" alt="trade mark: BARDEN BLAKE & CO" title="trade mark: BARDEN BLAKE & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BB & CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BLAK" target="_blank">BARDEN BLAKE & CO</a><br>Plainsville</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="38TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="38TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="285" height="100" alt="trade mark: BAILEY & CO" title="trade mark: BAILEY & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BBB) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BAIL" target="_blank">BAILEY & CO</a><br>Philadelphia, PA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="162TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="162TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="149" height="100" alt="trade mark: BECHT & HARTL INC." title="trade mark: BECHT & HARTL INC."></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BH) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BECH" target="_blank">BECHT & HARTL INC.</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="749TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="749TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="182" height="100" alt="trade mark: BATES & KLINKE INC" title="trade mark: BATES & KLINKE INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BK conjoined -B reverse-) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BATE" target="_blank">BATES & KLINKE INC</a><br>Attleboro, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="15TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="15TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="135" height="100" alt="trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO" title="trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BMCo) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BENE" target="_blank">BENEDICT MFG CO</a><br>East Syracuse, New York</h4></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="22TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="22TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="345" height="100" alt=
"trade mark: BREADNER CO LTD" title="trade mark: BREADNER CO LTD"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">B M CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BREA" target="_blank">BREADNER CO LTD</a><br>Hull, Quebec, Canada</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="282TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="282TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="181" height="100" alt=
"trade mark: BENEDICT-PROCTOR MFG CO" title="trade mark: BENEDICT-PROCTOR MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B P) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BENEPRO" target="_blank">BENEDICT-PROCTOR MFG CO</a><br>Trenton, Ontario, Canada</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="17TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="17TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="328" height="100" alt="trade mark: BERNARD RICE'S SONS" title="trade mark: BERNARD RICE'S SONS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B R S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSQS.HTML#RICE" target="_blank">BERNARD RICE'S SONS</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="251TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="251TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="229" height="100" alt="trade mark: BALTIMORE SILVERSMITHS MFG CO" title="trade mark: BALTIMORE SILVERSMITHS MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALTI" target="_blank">BALTIMORE SILVERSMITHS MFG CO</a><br>Baltimore, MD</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="251TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="251TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="229" height="100" alt="trade mark: SCHOFIELD CO INC" title="trade mark: SCHOFIELD CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(B S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSS.HTML#SCHO" target="_blank">SCHOFIELD CO INC</a><br>Baltimore, MD</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="11TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="11TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="112" height="100" alt="trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO" title="trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO"></a>
<a href="279TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="279TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="548" height="100" alt="trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO" title="trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO"></a>
<a href="542TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="542TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="357" height="100" alt="trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC" title="trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BSC) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BARB" target="_blank">BARBOUR SILVER CO</a><br>Hartford, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="18TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="18TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="303" height="100" alt="trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC" title="trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC"></a>
</td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BSC) (B S CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.HTML#BIRM" target="_blank">BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC</a><br>Yalesville, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="394TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="394TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="197" height="100" alt="trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO" title="trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5"> (B.S.S. CO.) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALT" target="_blank">BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO</a><br>Baltimore, MD</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="338TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="338TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="338" height="100" alt="trade mark: BARSTOW & WILLIAMS" title="trade mark: BARSTOW & WILLIAMS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(BW intertwined) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BARS" target="_blank">BARSTOW & WILLIAMS</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
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<font size="5"><b><a name="FIGC"> ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: C</b></font>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="33TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="33TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="305" height="100" alt="trade mark: CRESCENT SILVERWARE MFG CO INC" title="trade mark: CRESCENT SILVERWARE MFG CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.HTML#CRES" target="_blank">CRESCENT SILVERWARE MFG CO INC</a><br>Port Jervis, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="32TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="32TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="213" height="100" alt="trade mark: CORBELL & Company" title="trade mark: CORBELL & Company"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C & Co) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.HTML#CORB" target="_blank">CORBELL & Company</a></font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="757TRADEMARKCHAPINbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="757TRADEMARKCHAPIN.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="176" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHAPIN & HOLLISTER CO" title="trade mark: CHAPIN & HOLLISTER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C & H) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CHAP" target="_blank">CHAPIN & HOLLISTER CO</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="651TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="651TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="395" height="100" alt="trade mark: COLES & REYNOLDS" title="trade mark: COLES & REYNOLDS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C & R) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#COLES" target="_blank">COLES & REYNOLDS</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="516TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="516TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="360" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHAS BREWER" title="trade mark: CHAS BREWER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C.B. & CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BREWE" target="_blank">CHAS BREWER</a><br>NYC/Middletown, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="169TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="169TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="265" height="80" alt="trade mark: CODDING BROS & HEILBORN" title="trade mark: CODDING BROS & HEILBORN"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CB&H) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#CODD" target="_blank">CODDING BROS & HEILBORN</a><br>North Attleboro, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="26TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="26TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="198" height="100" alt="trade mark: CELLINI CRAFT LTD" title="trade mark: CELLINI CRAFT LTD"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C C) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CELL" target="_blank">CELLINI CRAFT LTD</a><br>Chicago, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="167TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="167TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="398" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHARTERS, CANN & DUNN" title="trade mark: CHARTERS, CANN & DUNN"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CC&D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CANN" target="_blank">CHARTERS, CANN & DUNN</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="486TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="486TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="348" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHARLES C.SHAVER" title="trade mark: CHARLES C.SHAVER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C C S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSS.html#SHAV" target="_blank">CHARLES C.SHAVER</a><br>Utica, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="28TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="28TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="117" height="100" alt="trade mark: JOHN CHATTELLIER" title="trade mark: JOHN CHATTELLIER"></a>
<a href="545TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="545TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="143" height="100" alt="trade mark: JOHN CHATTELLIER" title="trade mark: JOHN CHATTELLIER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C J) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#CHATT" target="_blank">JOHN CHATTELLIER</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="221TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="221TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="330" height="80" alt="trade mark: C. KLANK & SONS" title="trade mark: C. KLANK & SONS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CK&So) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSK.html#KLAN" target="_blank">C. KLANK & SONS</a><br>Baltimore MD</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="24TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="24TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="258" height="100" alt="trade mark: CAMPBELL-METCALF SILVER CO" title="trade mark: CAMPBELL-METCALF SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C M) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CAMP" target="_blank">CAMPBELL-METCALF SILVER CO</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="111TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="111TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="275" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS" title="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS"></a>
<a href="340TRADENAMEbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="340TRADENAME.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="258" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS" title="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS"></a>
<a href="401TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="401TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="196" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS" title="trade mark: CHAS M. ROBBINS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C M R) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSRDUE.html#ROBB" target="_blank">CHAS M. ROBBINS</a><br>Attleboro, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="34TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="34TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="128" height="100" alt="trade mark: CURRIER & ROBY" title="trade mark: CURRIER & ROBY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C R) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#CURRI" target="_blank">CURRIER & ROBY</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="467TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="467TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="234" height="100" alt="trade mark: C. RAY RANDALL & CO" title="trade mark: C. RAY RANDALL & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CRR) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSR.html#RANDAL" target="_blank">C. RAY RANDALL & CO</a><br>North Attleboro, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="31TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="31TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="248" height="100" alt="trade mark: CONCORD SILVERSMITHS LTD" title="trade mark: CONCORD SILVERSMITHS LTD"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#CONC" target="_blank">CONCORD SILVERSMITHS LTD</a><br>Concord, NH</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="390TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="390TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="178" height="100" alt="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO INC." title="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO INC."></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#CROW" target="_blank">CROWN SILVER CO INC.</a><br>Brookline, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="481TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="481TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="131" height="100" alt="trade mark: CARL SCHON" title="trade mark: CARL SCHON"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CS intertwined) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSS.html#SCH" target="_blank">CARL SCHON / CARL SCHON INC.</a><br>Baltimore, MD</font></td></tr
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="500TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="500TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="121" height="80" alt="trade mark: S.COTTLE & Co" title="trade mark: S.COTTLE & Co"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CS interwined) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#COTT" target="_blank">S.COTTLE & Co</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="288TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="288TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="167" height="100" alt="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC" title="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC"></a>
<a href="289TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="289TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="162" height="100" alt="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC" title="trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CSC) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#Crow" target="_blank">CROWN SILVER CO. INC</a><br/>Brookline, MA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="286TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="286TRADEMARK2.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="398" height="100" alt="trade mark: COLONIAL SILVER COMPANY INC" title="trade mark: COLONIAL SILVER COMPANY INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CSCo) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#COLO" target="_blank">COLONIAL SILVER COMPANY INC</a><br/>Portland, ME</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="29TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="29TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="97" height="100" alt="trade mark: CHICAGO SILVER CO" title="trade mark: CHICAGO SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CS CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CHIC" target="_blank">CHICAGO SILVER CO</a><br>Chicago, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="531TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="531TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="372" height="100" alt="trade mark: SEARS ROEBUCK & CO" title="trade mark: SEARS ROEBUCK & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CSP) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSS.html#SEAR" target="_blank">SEARS ROEBUCK & CO</a><br>Chicago, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="584TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="584TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="138" height="100" alt="trade mark: CONTINENTAL SHEFFIELD SILVER CO" title="trade mark: CONTINENTAL SHEFFIELD SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(C.S.S.CO.) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#CONT" target="_blank">CONTINENTAL SHEFFIELD SILVER CO</a><br>Brooklyn, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="337TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="337TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="258" height="100" alt="trade mark: THE THOMAE CO" title="trade mark: THE THOMAE CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(CT intertwined) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSTUV.html#THOM" target="_blank">THE THOMAE CO</a><br>Attleboro, MA</font></td></tr>
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<font size="5"><b><a name="FIGD"> ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: D</b></font>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="374TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="374TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="307" height="100" alt="trade mark: DEITSCH BROS" title="trade mark: DEITSCH BROS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#DEITBRO" target="_blank">DEITSCH BROS</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="502TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="502TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="127" height="100" alt="trade mark: DEPASSE MFG CO" title="trade mark: DEPASSE MFG CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#DEPA" target="_blank">DEPASSE MFG CO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="556TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="556TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="112" height="100" alt="trade mark: DODGE INC." title="trade mark: DODGE INC."></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSDE.html#DODGEINC" target="_blank">DODGE INC.</a><br>Los Angeles, CA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="554TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="554TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="270" height="100" alt="trade mark: HALL & HEWSON" title="trade mark: HALL & HEWSON"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSH.html#HALLHEW" target="_blank">HALL & HEWSON</a><br>Albany, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="3TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="3TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="305" height="100" alt="trade mark: DAVID ANDERSEN" title="trade mark: DAVID ANDERSEN"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D A) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSDUE.html#ANDE" target="_blank">DAVID ANDERSEN</a><br>Oslo, Norway</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="39TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="39TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="252" height="100" alt="trade mark: DUNKIRK SILVERSMITHS INC" title="trade mark: DUNKIRK SILVERSMITHS INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSDDUE.html#DUNK" target="_blank">DUNKIRK SILVERSMITHS INC</a><br>Meriden, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="40TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="40TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="98" height="100" alt="trade mark: WM. B. DURGIN CO" title="trade mark: WM. B. DURGIN CO"></a>
<a href="375TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="375TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="190" height="100" alt="trade mark: WM. B. DURGIN CO" title="trade mark: WM. B. DURGIN CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSDDUE.html#DURG" target="_blank">WM. B. DURGIN CO</a><br>Concord, NH and Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="36TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="36TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="315" height="100" alt="trade mark: DOMINICK & HAFF" title="trade mark: DOMINICK & HAFF"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D&H) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#DOMI" target="_blank">DOMINICK & HAFF</a><br>New York</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="176TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="176TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="315" height="100" alt="trade mark: DOMINICK & HAFF" title="trade mark: WILLIAM L. DeMATTEO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(deM) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#WLDM" target="_blank">WILLIAM L. DeMATTEO</a><br>Alexandria, VA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="403TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="403TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="129" height="100" alt="trade mark: HAMILTON & DIESINGER" title="trade mark: HAMILTON & DIESINGER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(DH intertwined) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSH.html#HAMIDI" target="_blank">HAMILTON & DIESINGER</a><br>Philadelphia, PA</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="178TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="178TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="360" height="100" alt="trade mark: DOMINION JEWELRY MANUFACTURING CO" title="trade mark: DOMINION JEWELRY MANUFACTURING CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(DJ) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#DOMIN" target="_blank">DOMINION JEWELRY MANUFACTURING CO</a><br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="503TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="503TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="96" height="100" alt="trade mark: DEPASSE, PEARSALL SILVER CO" title="trade mark: DEPASSE, PEARSALL SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(DP) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSD.html#DEPA" target="_blank">DEPASSE, PEARSALL SILVER CO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="901TRADEMARKDERBYBISI.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="901TRADEMARKDERBY.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="374" height="100" alt="trade mark: DERBY SILVER CO" title="trade mark: DERBY SILVER CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(D S P Co) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSDE.html#DERB" target="_blank">DERBY SILVER CO</a><br>Derby (Birmingham) CT</font></td></tr>
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<font size="5"><b><a name="FIGE"> ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: E</b></font>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="44TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="44TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="368" height="100" alt="trade mark: P.W. ELLIS & CO" title="trade mark: P.W. ELLIS & CO"></a>
<a href="414TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="414TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="303" height="100" alt="trade mark: P.W. ELLIS & CO" title="trade mark: P.W. ELLIS & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(E) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#ELLIS" target="_blank">P.W. ELLIS & CO</a><br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="46TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="46TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="143" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELLMORE SILVER CO INC" title="trade mark: ELLMORE SILVER CO INC"></a>
<a href="783TRADEMARKELLMOREbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="783TRADEMARKELLMORE.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="224" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELLMORE SILVER CO INC" title="trade mark: ELLMORE SILVER CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(E) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#ELLM" target="_blank">ELLMORE SILVER CO INC</a><br>Meriden, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="45TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="45TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="173" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELLIS-BARKER SILVER COMPANIES" title="trade mark: ELLIS-BARKER SILVER COMPANIES"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(E&Co) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSE.html#ELLI" target="_blank">ELLIS-BARKER SILVER COMPANIES</a><br>England & New York</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="376TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="376TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="184" height="100" alt="trade mark: ANNA EICHER" title="trade mark: ANNA EICHER"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EA) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#EICH" target="_blank">ANNA EICHER</a><br>Park Ridge, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="691TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="691TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="128" height="100" alt="trade mark: E.A. BLISS CO" title="trade mark: E.A. BLISS CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EACo) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.html#BLIS" target="_blank">E.A. BLISS CO</a><br>Meriden, CT</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="560TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="560TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="173" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELGIN-AMERICAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY" title="trade mark: ELGIN-AMERICAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EAM) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#ELGIN" target="_blank">ELGIN-AMERICAN MANUFACTURING COMPANY</a><br>Elgin, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="8TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="8TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="183" height="100" alt="trade mark: EDWARD BALL CO" title="trade mark: EDWARD BALL CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(E B) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BALLED" target="_blank">EDWARD BALL CO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="181TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="181TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="253" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELECTRIC CHAIN COMPANY OF CANADA" title="trade mark: ELECTRIC CHAIN COMPANY OF CANADA"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(ECCO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#ELEC" target="_blank">ELECTRIC CHAIN COMPANY OF CANADA</a><br>Toronto, Ontario, Canada</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="142TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="142TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="563" height="100" alt="trade mark: E.G. WEBSTER & SON" title="trade mark: E.G. WEBSTER & SON"></a>
<a href="336TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="336TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="498" height="100" alt="trade mark: E.G. WEBSTER & SON" title="trade mark: E.G. WEBSTER & SON"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EGW&S) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSTZQUATTRO.html#WEBS" target="_blank">E.G. WEBSTER & SON</a><br>New York and Brooklyn</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="364TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="364TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="194" height="100" alt="trade mark: EDWARD H. BREESE" title="trade mark: EDWARD H. BREESE"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EHB) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BREE" target="_blank">EDWARD H. BREESE</a><br>Arlington Heights and Chicago, IL</font></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="446TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="446TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="88" height="100" alt="trade mark: JOSEPH MAYER & BROS" title="trade mark: JOSEPH MAYER & BROS"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EJT) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSMN.html#MAYE" target="_blank">JOSEPH MAYER & BROS</a><br>Seattle, WA</h4></td></tr>
<tr><td width="50%">
<a href="326TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="326TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="109" height="100" alt="trade mark: EISENBERG-LOZANO" title="trade mark: EISENBERG-LOZANO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EL) <a href="AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSE.html#EISEN" target="_blank">EISENBERG-LOZANO</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
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<a href="47TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="47TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="187" height="100" alt="trade mark: ELGIN SILVERSMITHS CO INC" title="trade mark: ELGIN SILVERSMITHS CO INC"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EL SIL CO) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#ELGI" target="_blank">ELGIN SILVERSMITHS CO INC</a><br>New York, NY</font></td></tr>
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<a href="437TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="437TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="117" height="100" alt="trade mark: ERIK MAGNUSSEN" title="trade mark: ERIK MAGNUSSEN"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EM stylized) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSMN.html#MAGN" target="_blank">ERIK MAGNUSSEN</a><br>Providence, RI</font></td></tr>
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<a href="180TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="180TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="161" height="100" alt="trade mark: EASTWOOD-PARK COMPANY" title="trade mark: EASTWOOD-PARK COMPANY"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(EP) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSE.html#EASTW" target="_blank">EASTWOOD-PARK COMPANY</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
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<a href="476TRADEMARKbis.jpg" target="_blank"> <img src="476TRADEMARK.jpg" align="left" hspace="2" vspace="0" border="0" width="245" height="100" alt="trade mark: SCHARLING & CO" title="trade mark: SCHARLING & CO"></a></td>
<td width="50%"><font size="5">(E-Z OPE) <a href="AMERICANSILVERMARKSS.html#SCHARLI" target="_blank">SCHARLING & CO</a><br>Newark, NJ</font></td></tr>
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<font color="#000091" size="4">This is a page of <i>'The What is? Silver Dictionary'</i> of <i>A Small Collection of
Antique Silver and Objects of vertu</i>, a 1500 pages richly illustrated website offering all you need to know about
antique silver, sterling silver, silverplate, Sheffield plate, electroplate silver,
silverware, flatware, tea services and tea complements, marks and hallmarks, articles,
books, auction catalogs, famous silversmiths (Tiffany, Gorham, Jensen, Elkington),
history, oddities ...<br>
<a href="index.html" target="_blank" title="go to home page (English)"><i>HOME</i></a> - <a href="sitemap.html" target="_blank"><i>SITE MAP</i></a> - <a href="silverdictionary.html" target="_blank"><i>SILVER DICTIONARY</i></a> - <a href="PRIVACY.html" target="_blank" title="go to 'privacy' page"><i>COOKIES CONSENT AND PRIVACY</i></a></font></td></tr>
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<center><b><i><font size="6" color="#400000" ><A HREF="index.html" target="_blank" title="go to home page (English)">HOME</a> -
<a href="silverdictionary.html" target="_blank" title="go to Silver Dictionary">SILVER DICTIONARY</a> -
<a href="sitemaphallmarks.html" target="_blank" title="go to silver Marks and Hallmarks Directory">HALLMARKS (STERLING)</a> -
<a href="sitemaphallmarks.html" target="_blank" title="go to silver Marks Directory">MARKS (SILVERPLATE)</a> -
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<a href="sitemaparticles.html" target="_blank" title="go to my articles about silver">ARTICLES</a> -
<a href="sitemapmycollection.html" target="_blank" title="go to my silver collection (not for sale)"> MY COLLECTION</a> -
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FIGURAL AND LITERAL TRADE MARKS ON AMERICAN SILVER: A-E
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| ***A SMALL COLLECTION OF ANTIQUE SILVER AND
OBJECTS OF VERTUTHE WHAT IS? SILVER DICTIONARY*** |
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
| *FIGURAL AND LITERAL TRADE MARKS* |
| |
| --- |
| The trademark (or trade mark) is a distinctive sign or indicator used by an individual, business
organization, or other legal entity to signify that the products or
services, to consumers with which the trademark appears, originate from a unique source, and to
distinguish its products or services from those of other entities.
In many cases the manufacturers of American electroplated or sterling silver did not use
the firm name in their trade mark, preferring a figural or a graphic symbol, often accompanied by the
initials of the firm (one or more).
This feature, while often obtaining a pleasing visual effect, makes difficult the identification of the
manufacturer.
The objective of these pages is to offer a quick reference to the directory listing the manufacturers in alphabetic
order.
Click on the *mark* to obtain a wider image and on the *silversmith's name* to read further details about the manufacturer
(location, activity, dates, etc.) |
| |
| --- |
|
***LITERAL MARKS - INITIAL LETTERS***
[A](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGA)-[B](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGB)-[C](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGC)-[D](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGD)-[E](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html#FIGE)
[F](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGF)-[G](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGG)-[H](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGH)-[I](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGI)-[J](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGJ)-[K](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGK)-[L](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFL.html#FIGL)
[M](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGM)-[N](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGN)-[O](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGO)-[P](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGP)-[Q](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGQ)-[R](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGR)-[S](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAMS.html#FIGS)
[T](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGT)-[U](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGU)-[V](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGV)-[W](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGW)-[X](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ)-[Y](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ)-[Z](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSATZ.html#FIGZ)
|
| |
| --- |
|
***FIGURAL MARKS***
[anchors](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ANCHOR), [animals](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ANIMAL), [arrows](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#ARROW), [bells](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#BELL),
[birds and wings](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#BIRD), [candelabra](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CANDELA), [crosses](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CROSS), [crowns](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG1.html#CROWN)
[fantastical entities](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#FANTA), [horses](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#HORSE)
[human figures](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#HUMAN),
[keys](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#KEYS),
[lions](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#LION), [musical instruments](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG2.html#MUSICAL)
[plants and vegetables](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#PLANT), [stars](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#STAR) [swords axes blades](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#SWORD),
[tools](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#TOOL), [windmills,
[wings, [others](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#OTHER)](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#WINGS)](DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSAFIG3.html#WINDMILL) |
| |
| --- |
|
***THE DIRECTORY OF***
[STERLING SILVER MAKERS](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html) [SILVERPLATE MAKERS](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKS.html)
|
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
**ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: A**| [trade mark: BERNARD ABEL CO](541TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (A) [BERNARD ABEL CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#ABEL)Providence, RI |
| [trade mark: ALVIN CORPORATION](1TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (A) [ALVIN CORPORATION](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#ALVI)Providence, RI |
| [trade mark: AMSTON SILVER CO INC](2TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (A) [AMSTON SILVER CO INC](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMST)Meriden, CT |
| [trade mark: ALBERT COLES & CO](30TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (A C) [ALBERT COLES & CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSCDUE.html#COLE)New York, NY |
| [trade mark: AMERICAN EMBLEM COMPANY](160TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (AE CO) [AMERICAN EMBLEM COMPANY](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMER)Utica, NY |
| [trade mark: HEINTZ ART METAL SHOP](202TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (AHMS) [HEINTZ ART METAL SHOP](AMERICANSILVERMARKSH.html#HEIN)Buffalo, NY |
| [trade mark: ALPHONSE LA PAGLIA](79TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | A L) [ALPHONSE LA PAGLIA](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSL.html#LAPA)Meriden, CT |
| [trade mark: AMES MFG COMPANY](161TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (AMC) [AMES MFG COMPANY](AMERICANSILVERMARKS.html#AMES)Chicopee, MA |
| [trade mark: ARTHUR R. GEOFFROY](193TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (ARG) [ARTHUR R. GEOFFROY](AMERICANSILVERMARKSG.html#GEOF)New York, NY |
**ALPHABETICAL LETTER MARK: B**| [trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO](393TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALT)Baltimore, MD |
| [trade mark: C.E. BARKER MFG CO](280TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [C.E. BARKER MFG CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BARKE)New York, NY |
| [trade mark: E. & J. BASS](332TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [E. & J. BASS](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BASS)New York, NY |
| [trade mark: BATTIN & CO](352TRADEMARKbis.jpg)
[trade mark: BATTIN & CO](353TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [BATTIN & CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BATT)Newark, NJ |
| [trade mark: BOYDEN - MINUTH CO](361TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [BOYDEN - MINUTH CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BOYD)Chicago, IL |
| [trade mark: THOMAS G. BROWN & SONS](165TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B) [THOMAS G. BROWN & SONS](AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BROW)Newark, NJ and New York, NY |
| [trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD](360TRADEMARKbis.jpg)
[trade mark: PORTER BLANCHARD](359TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B and B9) [PORTER BLANCHARD](AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BLAN)Gardner, MA and Burbank, Pacoima and Calabasas, CA |
| [trade mark: W.J. BRAITSCH &a CO](525TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B&CO) [W.J. BRAITSCH & CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.html#BRAIT)Providence, RI |
| [trade mark: BALDWIN & MILLER](7TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B & M) [BALDWIN & MILLER INC](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BALD)Newark, NJ |
| [trade mark: BRAINARD & WILSON](905TRADEMARKBRAINARDbis.jpg) | (B&W) [BRAINARD & WILSON](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.html#BRAI)Danbury, CT |
| [trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO](16TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B B) [BENEDICT MFG CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.HTML#BENE)East Syracuse, NY |
| [trade mark: BINDER BROS. INC.](358TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B B) [BINDER BROS. INC.](AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.HTML#BIND)New York, NY |
| [trade mark: BARDEN BLAKE & CO](13TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BB & CO) [BARDEN BLAKE & CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BLAK)Plainsville |
| [trade mark: BAILEY & CO](38TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BBB) [BAILEY & CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BAIL)Philadelphia, PA |
| [trade mark: BECHT & HARTL INC.](162TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BH) [BECHT & HARTL INC.](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BECH)Newark, NJ |
| [trade mark: BATES & KLINKE INC](749TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BK conjoined -B reverse-) [BATES & KLINKE INC](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.html#BATE)Attleboro, MA |
| [trade mark: BENEDICT MFG CO](15TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BMCo) [BENEDICT MFG CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BENE)East Syracuse, New York |
| [trade mark: BREADNER CO LTD](22TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | B M CO) [BREADNER CO LTD](AMERICANSILVERMARKSBDUE.html#BREA)Hull, Quebec, Canada |
| [trade mark: BENEDICT-PROCTOR MFG CO](282TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B P) [BENEDICT-PROCTOR MFG CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BENEPRO)Trenton, Ontario, Canada |
| [trade mark: BERNARD RICE'S SONS](17TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B R S) [BERNARD RICE'S SONS](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSQS.HTML#RICE)New York, NY |
| [trade mark: BALTIMORE SILVERSMITHS MFG CO](251TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B S) [BALTIMORE SILVERSMITHS MFG CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALTI)Baltimore, MD |
| [trade mark: SCHOFIELD CO INC](251TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B S) [SCHOFIELD CO INC](AMERICANSILVERMARKSS.HTML#SCHO)Baltimore, MD |
| [trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO](11TRADEMARKbis.jpg)
[trade mark: BARBOUR SILVER CO](279TRADEMARKbis.jpg)
[trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC](542TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BSC) [BARBOUR SILVER CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSB.html#BARB)Hartford, CT |
| [trade mark: BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC](18TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BSC) (B S CO) [BIRMINGHAM SILVER CO INC](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSBDUE.HTML#BIRM)Yalesville, CT |
| [trade mark: BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO](394TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (B.S.S. CO.) [BALTIMORE STERLING SILVER CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BALT)Baltimore, MD |
| [trade mark: BARSTOW & WILLIAMS](338TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (BW intertwined) [BARSTOW & WILLIAMS](AMERICANSILVERMARKSB.HTML#BARS)Providence, RI |
|
| [trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC](288TRADEMARKbis.jpg)
[trade mark: CROWN SILVER CO. INC](289TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (CSC) [CROWN SILVER CO. INC](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#Crow) |
| [trade mark: COLONIAL SILVER COMPANY INC](286TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (CSCo) [COLONIAL SILVER COMPANY INC](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#COLO) |
| [trade mark: CHICAGO SILVER CO](29TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (CS CO) [CHICAGO SILVER CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSC.html#CHIC)Chicago, IL |
| [trade mark: SEARS ROEBUCK & CO](531TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (CSP) [SEARS ROEBUCK & CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSS.html#SEAR)Chicago, IL |
| [trade mark: CONTINENTAL SHEFFIELD SILVER CO](584TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (C.S.S.CO.) [CONTINENTAL SHEFFIELD SILVER CO](AMERICANSILVERPLATEMARKSCDE.html#CONT)Brooklyn, NY |
| [trade mark: THE THOMAE CO](337TRADEMARKbis.jpg) | (CT intertwined) [THE THOMAE CO](AMERICANSILVERMARKSTUV.html#THOM)Attleboro, MA |
|
| https://www.silvercollection.it/DICTIONARYTRADEMARKSUSA.html |
<html>
<head>
<title>a dither</title>
<style type='text/css'>
@import url(../pippin.css);
@import url(../new.css);
#page{background-color:inherit;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id='top'>
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<div id='location'><a style='color:black;text-decoration:none' href='http://pippin.gimp.org/'>Øyvind Kolås</a>
<span style='float:right;'> pippin@gimp·org</span>
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<p><b>a dither</b> algorithm; small, spatially stable,
based on magic numbers and arithmetic.
</p>
<p>GIF animations and eink benefit from the spatial stableness; since
fewer pixels change during partial changes,
The tiny code size; and not LUT makes it suited for small footprint code/logic size implementations.</p>
<table>
<tr>
<th>bayer 1.2M</th>
<th>a dither 1.3M (addition based)</th>
<th>a dither 1.3M (xor based)</th>
<th>error diffusion 2.9M</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><img src='bayer.gif'/></td>
<td><img src='a.gif'/></td>
<td><img src='x.gif'/></td>
<td><img src='ed.gif'/></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>The above videos shows how the dither applies to a bitdepth reduction
task of RGB 8:8:8 to RGB 3:3:2 with a total of 256 colors - below is
a 1bit dither with various methods on a gray ramp.</p>
<p>original<br/>
<img src='horgrad.png'/></p>
<p>bayer<br/>
<img src='bayer.png'/></p>
<p>addition based<br/>
<img src='a.png'/></p>
<p>xor based<br/>
<img src='xdither.png'/></p>
<p>error diffusion<br/>
<img src='error-diffusion.png'/></p>
experiment with the algorithm on a few images; with different levels
dithered to on each components, as well as select between some different
patterns (pattern = 4 is a good variation for targeting for instance 32 /
64 levels which RGB 565 has, for some more - and recent tuned examples
of a_dither see the image viewer <a href='../tv/'>terminal viewer/tv</a>.</p>
<div style='color:red'>NB: numbers in the code below are editable!</div>
<script id='editor' style='display:block; white-space:pre-wrap; font-family:"0xA000-Mono"; font-size: 16px' contenteditable='true'>
function dither (input, x, y, c, pattern, levels)
{
var mask; switch (pattern) {
case 1: mask = ((x ^ y * 149) * 1234& 511)/511.0; break;
case 2: mask = (((x+c*17) ^ y * 149) * 1234 & 511)/511.0; break;
case 3: mask = ((x + y * 237) * 119 & 255)/255.0; break;
case 4: mask = (((x+c*67) + y * 236) * 119 & 255)/255.0; break;
case 5: mask = 0.5; break;
default: return input;
}
return Math.floor (levels * input + mask)/levels;
}
var pattern = 4, levels = 4; /* < these are the numbers you should tweak! */
function filter (idata) {var pix=idata.data,w=idata.width,h=idata.height; for(var i=0,x=0,y=0;i<pix.length;i+=4) { for(var c=0;c<3;c++) pix[i+c]=dither (pix[i+c]/255.0,x,y,c, pattern, levels) * 255.0; x++; if(x>=w){x=0;y++;} } } </script>
<canvas id="rgb" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
<script>
window.filter = filter;
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
try {eval (document.getElementById("editor").innerHTML);
window.filter = filter;
}catch(err){}
}, false);
function paintImage(canvas, imageObj)
{
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.drawImage(imageObj, 0, 0);
var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, imageObj.width, imageObj.height);
window.filter (imageData);
context.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
}
var imageObj = new Image();
var canvas = document.getElementById('rgb');
imageObj.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas, this); };
imageObj.src = 'src.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
eval
(document.getElementById("editor").innerHTML);
setTimeout(function(){paintImage(canvas, imageObj);},50);
}, false);
</script>
<canvas id="rgb2" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
<script>
{
var imageObj2 = new Image();
var canvas2 = document.getElementById('rgb2');
imageObj2.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas2, this); };
imageObj2.src = 'gradient.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
setTimeout(function(){paintImage(canvas2, imageObj2);},50);
}, false);
}
</script>
<canvas id="rgb3" width="256" height="256"></canvas>
<script>
{
var imageObj3 = new Image();
var canvas3 = document.getElementById('rgb3');
imageObj3.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas3, this); };
imageObj3.src = 'river.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
setTimeout(function(){
paintImage(canvas3, imageObj3);},50);
}, false);
}
</script>
<p>as of 2014-03-25 ffmpeg master has these dithering methods; the way the
addition based GIF above was created is the following commandline:</p>
<pre>ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=320x180:sws_dither=a_dither -r 10
-ss 40 -frames 100 -pix_fmt rgb8 output.gif -y</pre>
<!--
<p>
I claim no copyright on the formula; I've merely discovered it. By
speculating that something simple like this; without too bad results might
exist; and then writing some software to help me look for it. With a
better fitness critera; I think better constants for simple formulas with more
blue/green noise like results can be found.
</p>
-->
<p>The main novelty of <em>a dither</em> is its simplicity/compactness and
ease of implementation. For dithering to RGB 565 or 24bit RGB it is
sufficient, it is however <u>not</u> faster than using a LUT with dither
array, either of <em>a dither</em>'s or a much higher quality dither mask
like <a
href='http://home.comcast.net/~ulichney/CV/papers/1993-void-cluster.pdf'>void and
cluster</a>. The way <em>a dither</em> is employed is exactly like other
dither masks would be - but it is procedural/shader based. If someone comes
up with better magic numbers to use on variations of the above formulas,
please tell me :), I consider a-dither <b>public domain</b>. <!-- and hope
to see the patterns in content or even hardware devices -->
</p>
<hr/>
<p>The part of the big-buck bunny clip chosen is chosen to highlight
problems of 'a dither', if I wanted to make a-dither look good I would
instead hunt out examples making bayer and error diffusion look bad ;)</p>
<a
href='http://pippin.gimp.org/'>Øyvind Kolås</a>,
pippin@gimp.org , august 2013 <!-- originally from aug 2013 -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
a dither
@import url(../pippin.css);
@import url(../new.css);
#page{background-color:inherit;}
[Øyvind Kolås](http://pippin.gimp.org/)
pippin@gimp·org
[twitter](https://twitter.com/hodefoting/)
[bitcoin](../bitcoin.html)
[patreon](https://patreon.com/pippin)
**a dither** algorithm; small, spatially stable,
based on magic numbers and arithmetic.
GIF animations and eink benefit from the spatial stableness; since
fewer pixels change during partial changes,
The tiny code size; and not LUT makes it suited for small footprint code/logic size implementations.
| bayer 1.2M | a dither 1.3M (addition based) | a dither 1.3M (xor based) | error diffusion 2.9M |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | |
The above videos shows how the dither applies to a bitdepth reduction
task of RGB 8:8:8 to RGB 3:3:2 with a total of 256 colors - below is
a 1bit dither with various methods on a gray ramp.
original
bayer
addition based
xor based
error diffusion
experiment with the algorithm on a few images; with different levels
dithered to on each components, as well as select between some different
patterns (pattern = 4 is a good variation for targeting for instance 32 /
64 levels which RGB 565 has, for some more - and recent tuned examples
of a\_dither see the image viewer [terminal viewer/tv](../tv/).
NB: numbers in the code below are editable!
function dither (input, x, y, c, pattern, levels)
{
var mask; switch (pattern) {
case 1: mask = ((x ^ y \* 149) \* 1234& 511)/511.0; break;
case 2: mask = (((x+c\*17) ^ y \* 149) \* 1234 & 511)/511.0; break;
case 3: mask = ((x + y \* 237) \* 119 & 255)/255.0; break;
case 4: mask = (((x+c\*67) + y \* 236) \* 119 & 255)/255.0; break;
case 5: mask = 0.5; break;
default: return input;
}
return Math.floor (levels \* input + mask)/levels;
}
var pattern = 4, levels = 4; /\* < these are the numbers you should tweak! \*/
function filter (idata) {var pix=idata.data,w=idata.width,h=idata.height; for(var i=0,x=0,y=0;i<pix.length;i+=4) { for(var c=0;c<3;c++) pix[i+c]=dither (pix[i+c]/255.0,x,y,c, pattern, levels) \* 255.0; x++; if(x>=w){x=0;y++;} } }
window.filter = filter;
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
try {eval (document.getElementById("editor").innerHTML);
window.filter = filter;
}catch(err){}
}, false);
function paintImage(canvas, imageObj)
{
var context = canvas.getContext('2d');
context.drawImage(imageObj, 0, 0);
var imageData = context.getImageData(0, 0, imageObj.width, imageObj.height);
window.filter (imageData);
context.putImageData(imageData, 0, 0);
}
var imageObj = new Image();
var canvas = document.getElementById('rgb');
imageObj.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas, this); };
imageObj.src = 'src.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
eval
(document.getElementById("editor").innerHTML);
setTimeout(function(){paintImage(canvas, imageObj);},50);
}, false);
{
var imageObj2 = new Image();
var canvas2 = document.getElementById('rgb2');
imageObj2.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas2, this); };
imageObj2.src = 'gradient.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
setTimeout(function(){paintImage(canvas2, imageObj2);},50);
}, false);
}
{
var imageObj3 = new Image();
var canvas3 = document.getElementById('rgb3');
imageObj3.onload = function() { paintImage(canvas3, this); };
imageObj3.src = 'river.png';
document.getElementById("editor").addEventListener("input", function() {
setTimeout(function(){
paintImage(canvas3, imageObj3);},50);
}, false);
}
as of 2014-03-25 ffmpeg master has these dithering methods; the way the
addition based GIF above was created is the following commandline:
```
ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -vf scale=320x180:sws_dither=a_dither -r 10
-ss 40 -frames 100 -pix_fmt rgb8 output.gif -y
```
The main novelty of *a dither* is its simplicity/compactness and
ease of implementation. For dithering to RGB 565 or 24bit RGB it is
sufficient, it is however not faster than using a LUT with dither
array, either of *a dither*'s or a much higher quality dither mask
like [void and
cluster](http://home.comcast.net/~ulichney/CV/papers/1993-void-cluster.pdf). The way *a dither* is employed is exactly like other
dither masks would be - but it is procedural/shader based. If someone comes
up with better magic numbers to use on variations of the above formulas,
please tell me :), I consider a-dither **public domain**.
---
The part of the big-buck bunny clip chosen is chosen to highlight
problems of 'a dither', if I wanted to make a-dither look good I would
instead hunt out examples making bayer and error diffusion look bad ;)
[Øyvind Kolås](http://pippin.gimp.org/),
pippin@gimp.org , august 2013
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<!-- former intro: Your guide to gothic, industrial, vampyre, and fetish
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In darkness and glitter, (formerly) the life of a New Jersey fanged pixie.</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN="center"> </P>
<P ALIGN="justify"><font size="2" color="#8768BC">March 2012: Very little <a href="http://everquest2.com/" target="_blank">EQ2</a> (Unrest server), never have time for <a href="http://www.hellokittyonline.com/" target="_blank">Hello Kitty Online MMO</a>, bought but avoiding SWTOR, tiny bit of Wii or PS3 here & there, only 2 Facebook games I could live without, still collecting a few finer fashion dolls and addicted to <a href="http://www.wildeimagination.com/c-12-dressed-dolls.aspx?skinid=3" target="_blank">Evangeline Ghastly</a>, and still working on decluttering my life & house to work on fashion doll clothes & crafts, planned for Etsy or eBay.<br>
<br>
<em><u>Now watching</u></em>: Once Upon a Time, Ricky Gervais anything, Archer, Bob's Burgers, Grimm, Parks & Rec, Game of Thrones, Modern Family, True Blood, Big Bang Theory, Merlin, Being Human (BBC & US), Vampire Diaries, Lost Girl, Ru Paul's Drag Race, Boardwalk Empire, Eureka, Dr. Who, Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Bored to Death, Mad Men, cupcake wars, Face Off, Oddities, Frankenhole, AOTS, Real Time, Daily Show, Colbert Report, and for background tv when gaming a mix of historical, tech & decorating. <br>
<br>
If you find broken links, pop them in <a href="http://www.archive.org" target="_blank">archive.org</a> to see what they were!.</font></P>
<P ALIGN="justify"><font size="2" color="#8768BC">I'm not doing a big overhaul of this site, but I would like to start working on the video game & maybe a few other sections again and tidying up innapropriate and outgrown things, & update movies & books & items to link to Amazon. </font></P>
<P ALIGN="justify"><font size="2" color="#8768BC">I remembered today that all of my links open in the same window, back in the day (way before tabs) opening a lot of browser windows was very irritating and difficult to manage so I purposely did it. Now I find that you <em>will </em>lose your original site if you just keep clicking in the same window, so I may go through all links to fix that, for now you can hold CTL while you click to open links in a new window.</font></P>
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In darkness and glitter, (formerly) the life of a New Jersey fanged pixie.
March 2012: Very little [EQ2](http://everquest2.com/) (Unrest server), never have time for [Hello Kitty Online MMO](http://www.hellokittyonline.com/), bought but avoiding SWTOR, tiny bit of Wii or PS3 here & there, only 2 Facebook games I could live without, still collecting a few finer fashion dolls and addicted to [Evangeline Ghastly](http://www.wildeimagination.com/c-12-dressed-dolls.aspx?skinid=3), and still working on decluttering my life & house to work on fashion doll clothes & crafts, planned for Etsy or eBay.
*Now watching*: Once Upon a Time, Ricky Gervais anything, Archer, Bob's Burgers, Grimm, Parks & Rec, Game of Thrones, Modern Family, True Blood, Big Bang Theory, Merlin, Being Human (BBC & US), Vampire Diaries, Lost Girl, Ru Paul's Drag Race, Boardwalk Empire, Eureka, Dr. Who, Always Sunny in Philadelphia, Bored to Death, Mad Men, cupcake wars, Face Off, Oddities, Frankenhole, AOTS, Real Time, Daily Show, Colbert Report, and for background tv when gaming a mix of historical, tech & decorating.
If you find broken links, pop them in [archive.org](http://www.archive.org) to see what they were!.
I'm not doing a big overhaul of this site, but I would like to start working on the video game & maybe a few other sections again and tidying up innapropriate and outgrown things, & update movies & books & items to link to Amazon.
I remembered today that all of my links open in the same window, back in the day (way before tabs) opening a lot of browser windows was very irritating and difficult to manage so I purposely did it. Now I find that you *will* lose your original site if you just keep clicking in the same window, so I may go through all links to fix that, for now you can hold CTL while you click to open links in a new window.
[Video
games](/hyperballad/personal/collections/video_games.shtml). from a femme gamer
My ebay autions: [pixie\_auctions](http://cgi6.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewSellersOtherItems&userid=pixie_auctions)
My [Amazon
shop](/sale/maul/amazon.shtml): books, music, dvds, magazines, toys, vid games.
[Get
a PayPal business merchant account](https://www.paypal.com/mrb/pal=2KZ9T6CM2QNSQ)
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| | This site hosted perfectly and inexpensively by [DreamHost](http://www.dreamhost.com/green.cgi?neitherland.com) since 2001.
The Neitherland and all contents are Copyright
© 1999-2011 Debbie Gloom. All rights reserved.
You steal and I send the Faerie Mafia after your butt. I
or this web site am not associated or affiliated in any way shape or form
with the country of [The Netherlands](http://www.holland.com/).
I live in New Jersey. I mean, come on, do you really think the country
of Netherlands has a dumb boys section on it's home page?
| |
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<h1>Photo Gallery</h1>
<table><tr><td>Welcome to the photo gallery. From here you have the choice to browse by place or by subject. As you go deeper into the gallery there are links to more pages having more specific themes. However, if six-clicks-to-content isn't your thing, you can use these shortcuts:</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td><table><tr><td><a href="dwf/baldhead.html">Bald Head Cliff</a></td><td><a href="dwf/barharbor.html">Bar Harbor</a></td><td><a href="dwf/bassharbor.html">Bass Harbor Head Light</a></td><td><a href="dwf/bassharbormarsh.html">Bass Harbor Marsh</a></td><td><a href="dwf/bigisland.html">Big Island</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="dwf/birds.html">Birds</a></td><td><a href="dwf/cliffhouse.html">Cliff House</a></td><td><a href="dwf/connecticut.html">Connecticut</a></td><td><a href="dwf/critters.html">Critters</a></td><td><a href="flowers.html">Flowers</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="dwf/hongkong.html">Hong Kong</a></td><td><a href="dwf/kauai.html">Kauai</a></td><td><a href="dwf/vegas.html">Las Vegas</a></td><td><a href="dwf/lighthouses.html">Lighthouses</a></td><td><a href="dwf/maine.html">Maine</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="dwf/marginalway.html">Marginal Way</a></td><td><a href="dwf/maryland.html">Maryland</a></td><td><a href="dwf/maui.html">Maui</a></td><td><a href="dwf/melbourne.html">Melbourne</a></td><td><a href="dwf/nubble.html">Nubble Light</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="dwf/paris.html">Paris</a></td><td><a href="dwf/perkins.html">Perkins Cove</a></td><td><a href="dwf/portland.html">Portland Head Light</a></td><td><a href="dwf/sfo.html">San Francisco</a></td><td><a href="dwf/schoodic.html">Schoodic Point</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="5" align="center"><a href="dwf/somesville.html">Somesville</a> <a href="dwf/warsaw.html">Warsaw</a></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>If you click on a picture, you will get a larger version of that picture. You navigate to other pages by clicking on the hyperlinks that appear <i>below</i> some of the pictures.</td></tr></table>
<table><tr><td>And <b>HEY!</b> Remember to scroll down!</td></tr></table>
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<table><TR><TD><SMALL><PRE>
Description Annapolis
Copyright (C) 1998 David Flater.
Equipment Minolta "Freedom Zoom" Explorer, Agfa
Ultra 50, scan by PhotoSmart S20
ID DWF 1998-11-26A #7
Filters pngtopnm $< | pnmscale -xysize 380 380
| qdfilt -0.75
OK to sell OK
</PRE></SMALL></TD></TR></table>
</td>
<td align=center>
<A HREF="dwf/2000-12-10/4Al.jpg"> <IMG SRC="dwf/2000-12-10/4As.jpg" WIDTH=380 HEIGHT=253 BORDER=0 ALT="Click for enlargement"> </A><BR>
<font size="+1"><A HREF="subject_index.html">Subject index</A></font><BR>
<table><TR><TD><SMALL><PRE>
Description Parrot
Copyright (C) 2000 David Flater.
Equipment Nikon N70, Tamron 70-300/4.0-5.6 LD,
Fuji Superia 400, scan by PhotoSmart
S20
ID DWF 2000-12-10 #4A
Filters pngtopnm $< | pnmscale -xysize 380 380
| qdfilt -0.75
OK to sell No
</PRE></SMALL></TD></TR></table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center><hr>
<P>
<A HREF="../about.html">About FlaterCo</A> <BR>
<A HREF="../index.html">Home</A> </P>
</body>
</html>
|
Photo Gallery
# Photo Gallery
| |
| --- |
| Welcome to the photo gallery. From here you have the choice to browse by place or by subject. As you go deeper into the gallery there are links to more pages having more specific themes. However, if six-clicks-to-content isn't your thing, you can use these shortcuts: |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Bald Head Cliff](dwf/baldhead.html) | [Bar Harbor](dwf/barharbor.html) | [Bass Harbor Head Light](dwf/bassharbor.html) | [Bass Harbor Marsh](dwf/bassharbormarsh.html) | [Big Island](dwf/bigisland.html) |
| [Birds](dwf/birds.html) | [Cliff House](dwf/cliffhouse.html) | [Connecticut](dwf/connecticut.html) | [Critters](dwf/critters.html) | [Flowers](flowers.html) |
| [Hong Kong](dwf/hongkong.html) | [Kauai](dwf/kauai.html) | [Las Vegas](dwf/vegas.html) | [Lighthouses](dwf/lighthouses.html) | [Maine](dwf/maine.html) |
| [Marginal Way](dwf/marginalway.html) | [Maryland](dwf/maryland.html) | [Maui](dwf/maui.html) | [Melbourne](dwf/melbourne.html) | [Nubble Light](dwf/nubble.html) |
| [Paris](dwf/paris.html) | [Perkins Cove](dwf/perkins.html) | [Portland Head Light](dwf/portland.html) | [San Francisco](dwf/sfo.html) | [Schoodic Point](dwf/schoodic.html) |
| [Somesville](dwf/somesville.html) [Warsaw](dwf/warsaw.html) |
|
| |
| --- |
| If you click on a picture, you will get a larger version of that picture. You navigate to other pages by clicking on the hyperlinks that appear *below* some of the pictures. |
| |
| --- |
| And **HEY!** Remember to scroll down! |
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Click for enlargement](dwf/1998-11-26A/7l.jpg)
[Places index](places_index.html)
| |
| --- |
|
```
Description Annapolis
Copyright (C) 1998 David Flater.
Equipment Minolta "Freedom Zoom" Explorer, Agfa
Ultra 50, scan by PhotoSmart S20
ID DWF 1998-11-26A #7
Filters pngtopnm $< | pnmscale -xysize 380 380
| qdfilt -0.75
OK to sell OK
```
|
| [Click for enlargement](dwf/2000-12-10/4Al.jpg)
[Subject index](subject_index.html)
| |
| --- |
|
```
Description Parrot
Copyright (C) 2000 David Flater.
Equipment Nikon N70, Tamron 70-300/4.0-5.6 LD,
Fuji Superia 400, scan by PhotoSmart
S20
ID DWF 2000-12-10 #4A
Filters pngtopnm $< | pnmscale -xysize 380 380
| qdfilt -0.75
OK to sell No
```
|
|
---
[About FlaterCo](../about.html)
[Home](../index.html)
| https://flaterco.com/gallery/ |
<html>
<head>
<title>Dog Years</title>
</head>
<body>
<p align="center"><img
src="http://www.dogyears.com/images/puppy.gif" width="154" height="154" alt="Chang.gif (27844 bytes)"></p>
<p align="center"> dogyears - dot - com</p>
<p align="center"> dog dot yrs - at - gmail dot com</p>
<p align="center"><img src="http://www.dogyears.com/images/line.gif"
width="617" height="7" alt="line.gif (1568 bytes)"></p>
<p align="center"><img src="images/getfuzzy.gif" width="600" height="209"></p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b><u>We're for dogs!</u></b></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Some people are for the whales. Some are for the trees. We're for dogs. Boy dogs and girl dogs. The big ones and the little ones. The guardians and the comedians. The pure breeds and the mutts.
<p> We're for walks, runs and romps. Digging, sniffing and fetching. Belly-scratch
leg kicks. A big smile. Hard play with the squeeky ball. A tail-thumpin' licking.
A cold dog nose where no cold dog nose has gone before. We're for dog parks,
dog doors and the dog days of summer. Shake paws? Go for a ride? Cookie? Pssssst!
Get that kitty!
<p> If there were an international holiday for dogs, on which all dogs were universally
recognized for their contribution to the improvement of our quality of life
on earth, we'd be for that too. Dogs make us happy. Dogs rule!<br>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b><u>Lifespan</u></b></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">The old rule-of-thumb that one dog
year equals seven years of a human life is not accurate. The ratio is higher
with youth and decreases a bit as the dog ages. Depending on breed, a dog experiences
the raging hormones of adolescence anywhere from eight months to two years or
more. Generally, a dog of six has aged about as much as a 45-year-old human.
At 10, she's like a human of 65; at 12, a human of 75; and at 15, a human of
90. <br>
<br>
<b><u>Dog Years<br>
</u></b></font></p><font face="Arial" size="3">
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">
A dog's lifespan is only a fraction of the average human's lifespan, which means that a dog ages more quickly in the same amount of time. This chart shows how a dog's age might be adjusted to compare to a human's age. <br>
</font></p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="1" width="50%">
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b> Canine Age</b></font></td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="3"><b> Human Age </b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">2 Months</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">14 Months</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">6 Months</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">5 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">8 Months</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">9 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">1 Year</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">15 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">2 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">24 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">3 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">28 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">4 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">32 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">5 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">37 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">6 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">42 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">7 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">47 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">8 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">52 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">9 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">57 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">10 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">62 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">11 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">67 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">12 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">72 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">13 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">77 Years</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">14 Years</td>
<td width="50%" align="center">
<p align="center">82 Years</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3"><br>
<b><u>Approximate Annual Dog Care Costs <br>
</u></b></font></p>
<p align="left"><font face="Arial" size="3">Costs vary depending on charges by individual veterinarians.
Costs do not include any initial adoption fee or purchase cost for the animal. Assuming the average lifespan of a dog is ten years, the estimated cost of owning a dog for its lifetime is over $8300.</font></p>
<div align="center">
<center>
<table border="1" width="50%">
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center"> </td>
<td width="33%" align="center"><b>Year 1</b></td>
<td width="34%" align="center"><b>Ea Succeeding Year</b></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Food</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$400</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$400</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Distemper/Parvo</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$60</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$15 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Rabies Shots</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$20</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$5</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Worming</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$25</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Spay / Neuter</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$55</td>
<td width="34%" align="center"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Heartworm</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$50</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$50</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">License</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$10</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Accessories</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$100</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$75</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Emergency Vet</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$250</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$250</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="33%" align="center">Total</td>
<td width="33%" align="center">$970</td>
<td width="34%" align="center">$818</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
</div>
</font></font></body>
</html>
|
Dog Years
dogyears - dot - com
dog dot yrs - at - gmail dot com
**We're for dogs!**
Some people are for the whales. Some are for the trees. We're for dogs. Boy dogs and girl dogs. The big ones and the little ones. The guardians and the comedians. The pure breeds and the mutts.
We're for walks, runs and romps. Digging, sniffing and fetching. Belly-scratch
leg kicks. A big smile. Hard play with the squeeky ball. A tail-thumpin' licking.
A cold dog nose where no cold dog nose has gone before. We're for dog parks,
dog doors and the dog days of summer. Shake paws? Go for a ride? Cookie? Pssssst!
Get that kitty!
If there were an international holiday for dogs, on which all dogs were universally
recognized for their contribution to the improvement of our quality of life
on earth, we'd be for that too. Dogs make us happy. Dogs rule!
**Lifespan**
The old rule-of-thumb that one dog
year equals seven years of a human life is not accurate. The ratio is higher
with youth and decreases a bit as the dog ages. Depending on breed, a dog experiences
the raging hormones of adolescence anywhere from eight months to two years or
more. Generally, a dog of six has aged about as much as a 45-year-old human.
At 10, she's like a human of 65; at 12, a human of 75; and at 15, a human of
90.
**Dog Years**
A dog's lifespan is only a fraction of the average human's lifespan, which means that a dog ages more quickly in the same amount of time. This chart shows how a dog's age might be adjusted to compare to a human's age.
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Canine Age** | **Human Age** |
| 2 Months | 14 Months |
| 6 Months | 5 Years |
| 8 Months | 9 Years |
| 1 Year | 15 Years |
| 2 Years | 24 Years |
| 3 Years | 28 Years |
| 4 Years | 32 Years |
| 5 Years | 37 Years |
| 6 Years | 42 Years |
| 7 Years | 47 Years |
| 8 Years | 52 Years |
| 9 Years | 57 Years |
| 10 Years | 62 Years |
| 11 Years | 67 Years |
| 12 Years | 72 Years |
| 13 Years | 77 Years |
| 14 Years | 82 Years |
**Approximate Annual Dog Care Costs**
Costs vary depending on charges by individual veterinarians.
Costs do not include any initial adoption fee or purchase cost for the animal. Assuming the average lifespan of a dog is ten years, the estimated cost of owning a dog for its lifetime is over $8300.
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| | **Year 1** | **Ea Succeeding Year** |
| Food | $400 | $400 |
| Distemper/Parvo | $60 | $15 |
| Rabies Shots | $20 | $5 |
| Worming | $25 | $10 |
| Spay / Neuter | $55 | |
| Heartworm | $50 | $50 |
| License | $10 | $10 |
| Accessories | $100 | $75 |
| Emergency Vet | $250 | $250 |
| Total | $970 | $818 |
| http://dogyears.com/ |
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href="/skills/Trampoline/">Trampoline<table><tr><td><![endif]--><ul class="submenu"><li><a href="/skills/Trampoline/Z">Basics</a></li><li><a href="/skills/bvaul/0.5">0.5</a></li><li><a href="/skills/bvaul/10">10</a></li></ul><!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li><li class="hr"> </li><li><a href="/skills/cond" TARGET="_top">Conditioning</a><!--[if lte IE 6]><a href="/skills/cond/">Conditioning<table><tr><td><![endif]--><ul class="submenu"><li><a href="/skills/cond/upper">Upper Body/Arms</a></li><li><a href="/skills/cond/core">Core/Torso</a></li><li><a href="/skills/cond/lower">Lower Body/Legs</a></li><li><a href="/skills/cond/overall">Works Everything</a></li><li><a href="/skills/cond/maint">Injury Prevention</a></li></ul><!--[if lte IE 6]></td></tr></table></a><![endif]--></li><li><a href="/stretching" TARGET="_top">Stretching</a><!--[if lte IE 6]><a href="/skills/stretching/">Stretching<table><tr><td><![endif]--><ul class="submenu"><li><a 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<h1 class="pagetitle">THE DRILLS AND SKILLS PAGE - Gymnastics Technique and Training</h1>
The skills page is intended to be a forum for gymnasts, coaches, or anyone
who just wants to learn about gymnastics skills. It was created because
I noticed a lack of this kind of information on the net. If you are a gymnast
it is not intended to replace your coaches techniques. It is just to give
different viewpoints and ideas on how to learn a skill. Every gymnast learns
skills differently. This is a place you can submit and find different techniques
and methods to learn various gymnastics skills. This is <b>NOT</b> intended
to teach anyone gymnastics in an uncontrolled environment. Many of the
skills discussed could be extremely hazardous if done incorrectly. Please
only work these drills under a qualified coaches direction. Many of these
skills involve flight, inversion, and unusual positions, any of which could
result in serious injury, paralysis, or death. With that said. Please enjoy.
<br><br>
<font size=-1><i>Note: Please visit my sponsors. If even for a moment, it will enable me to spend more time developing the site so it can be more of a service to you.
If you were planning on buying something on-line, please remember to shop through my site. Thanks.</i></font>
I have a lot of information to add to the site, I need to find the time. Keep checking back for additions.
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|
The Skills and Drills Page - Gymnastics Technique and Training
| | |
| --- | --- |
| * [Skills Index](/skills/index)
* [Floor](/skills/Floor/)
+ [Basics](/skills/Floor/Z)
+ [A](/skills/Floor/A)
+ [B](/skills/Floor/B)
+ [C](/skills/Floor/C)
+ [D](/skills/Floor/D)
+ [E](/skills/Floor/E)
* [Rings](/skills/Rings/)
+ [Basics](/skills/Rings/Z)
+ [A](/skills/Rings/A)
+ [B](/skills/Rings/B)
+ [C](/skills/Rings/C)
+ [D](/skills/Rings/D)
+ [E](/skills/Rings/E)
* [Vault](/skills/bvaul/)
+ [Basics](/skills/bvaul/Z)
+ [8.4](/skills/bvaul/8.4)
+ [9.0](/skills/bvaul/9.0)
+ [9.3](/skills/bvaul/9.3)
+ [9.9](/skills/bvaul/9.9)
+ [10](/skills/bvaul/10)
* [Pommel Horse](/skills/pig/)
+ [Basics](/skills/pig/Z)
+ [A](/skills/pig/A)
+ [B](/skills/pig/B)
+ [C](/skills/pig/C)
+ [D](/skills/pig/D)
+ [E](/skills/pig/E)
* [Parallel Bars](/skills/pbar/)
+ [Basics](/skills/pbar/Z)
+ [A](/skills/pbar/A)
+ [B](/skills/pbar/B)
+ [C](/skills/pbar/C)
+ [D](/skills/pbar/D)
+ [E](/skills/pbar/E)
* [High Bar](/skills/hbar/)
+ [Basics](/skills/hbar/Z)
+ [A](/skills/hbar/A)
+ [B](/skills/hbar/B)
+ [C](/skills/hbar/C)
+ [D](/skills/hbar/D)
+ [E](/skills/hbar/E)
* [Beam](/skills/Beam/)
+ [Basics](/skills/Beam/Z)
+ [A](/skills/Beam/A)
+ [B](/skills/Beam/B)
+ [C](/skills/Beam/C)
+ [D](/skills/Beam/D)
+ [E](/skills/Beam/E)
* [Uneven Bars](/skills/ubar/)
+ [Basics](/skills/ubar/Z)
+ [A](/skills/ubar/A)
+ [B](/skills/ubar/B)
+ [C](/skills/ubar/C)
+ [D](/skills/ubar/D)
+ [E](/skills/ubar/E)
* [Trampoline](/skills/Trampoline/)
+ [Basics](/skills/Trampoline/Z)
+ [0.5](/skills/bvaul/0.5)
+ [10](/skills/bvaul/10)
*
* [Conditioning](/skills/cond)
+ [Upper Body/Arms](/skills/cond/upper)
+ [Core/Torso](/skills/cond/core)
+ [Lower Body/Legs](/skills/cond/lower)
+ [Works Everything](/skills/cond/overall)
+ [Injury Prevention](/skills/cond/maint)
* [Stretching](/stretching)
+ [General](/stretching/General)
+ [Glute](/stretching/Glute)
+ [Pike](/stretching/Pike)
+ [Shoulder](/stretching/Shoulder)
+ [Splits](/stretching/Splits)
+ [Straddle](/stretching/Straddle)
* [Definitions](/definitions)
* [Positions](/positions)
* [WOD](/wod)
*
* [Home](/)
* [Articles](/articles)
* [Gymnastics Links](/links)
*
* Friends of DAS
* [The Cave](https://www.inthecave.com)
* [CrossFit Marin](https://www.inthecave.com/crossfit/program-overview/)
* [Gymnastics in The Cave](https://www.inthecave.com/gymnastics/program-overview/)
* [CrossFit](http://www.crossfit.com)
* [CrossFit Gymnastics Seminars](https://www.inthecave.com/gymnastics/private-coaching/)
* [Register Domains](/domains)
*
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THE DRILLS AND SKILLS PAGE - Gymnastics Technique and Training
The skills page is intended to be a forum for gymnasts, coaches, or anyone
who just wants to learn about gymnastics skills. It was created because
I noticed a lack of this kind of information on the net. If you are a gymnast
it is not intended to replace your coaches techniques. It is just to give
different viewpoints and ideas on how to learn a skill. Every gymnast learns
skills differently. This is a place you can submit and find different techniques
and methods to learn various gymnastics skills. This is **NOT** intended
to teach anyone gymnastics in an uncontrolled environment. Many of the
skills discussed could be extremely hazardous if done incorrectly. Please
only work these drills under a qualified coaches direction. Many of these
skills involve flight, inversion, and unusual positions, any of which could
result in serious injury, paralysis, or death. With that said. Please enjoy.
*Note: Please visit my sponsors. If even for a moment, it will enable me to spend more time developing the site so it can be more of a service to you.
If you were planning on buying something on-line, please remember to shop through my site. Thanks.*
I have a lot of information to add to the site, I need to find the time. Keep checking back for additions.
|
| http://www.drillsandskills.com/ |
<head><title>Not Acceptable!</title></head><body><h1>Not Acceptable!</h1><p>An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod_Security.</p></body></html> | Not Acceptable!# Not Acceptable!
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| http://www.showbizpizza.com/tomspunchout/ |
<HTML><HEAD><! Created with Key Internet Publisher><TITLE></TITLE></HEAD><BODY BGCOLOR="#FF0059"><P ALIGN=LEFT></P><BASEFONT SIZE=3><FONT SIZE=7 COLOR=#00FF00><B>RAvE wORlD </P><P ALIGN=LEFT></A><IMG SRC="terre_.gif"><IMG SRC="super_saucer.gif"><IMG SRC="terre_.gif"><TR><P ALIGN=LEFT></P></A><IMG SRC="sprkls_4.gif"><P ALIGN=LEFT><P ALIGN=LEFT></FONT><FONT SIZE=5 COLOR=#00FFFF><I>YOu'Re suRoUNdeD bY BLinkInG liGHts, lAzeRs, aND HaLF nakED bOi'S And GiRlz... </FONT><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR=#FFFF00>Chances are you're at a RAVE. Marked as a scene of love and techno music, Rave's have been stained as a glamous part of "druggie" culture. True, there are more narcotics at a rave then in 1000 pharmacies, but never-the-less, some RaverBABi's do go to raves just to </FONT><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR=#00FF00><U>enjoy</U></FONT><FONT SIZE=4 COLOR=#FFFF00> the scene. Tons of upcoming Raves are happening in celebration of the new millennium! We're unable to update our rave listings at this time so please click on our links page for links to rave listings in YOUR area. Our part-E's will be back up soon.</P>
<P ALIGN=LEFT></B></I></FONT></BASEFONT><BASEFONT SIZE=4><FONT SIZE=+4 COLOR=#FFFFFF>
</A>HaPpY NEw yEAr!</FONT></P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER></A><IMG SRC="star1.gif"><IMG SRC="star3.gif"><IMG SRC="starroll.gif"><IMG SRC="star3.gif"><IMG SRC="star1.gif"><P>
<P><CENTER><A HREF="boys.html" >Boys Will Be Boys (Thank God For That)</A>|<A HREF="girls.html"> Those ever so innocent girls</A> |<A HREF="life.html"> The stuff TV movies are made of</A> |<A HREF="linkz.htm">Links to anywhere but here</A> |<A HREF="myplace.html"> Back to the dorm</A>|<A HREF="subculture.html">SUBCULTURE</A>|<A HREF="raver.html">RAve WoRld</A></CENTER></font></BODY></HTML> | **RAvE wORlD |***YOu'Re suRoUNdeD bY BLinkInG liGHts, lAzeRs, aND HaLF nakED bOi'S And GiRlz...* Chances are you're at a RAVE. Marked as a scene of love and techno music, Rave's have been stained as a glamous part of "druggie" culture. True, there are more narcotics at a rave then in 1000 pharmacies, but never-the-less, some RaverBABi's do go to raves just to enjoy the scene. Tons of upcoming Raves are happening in celebration of the new millennium! We're unable to update our rave listings at this time so please click on our links page for links to rave listings in YOUR area. Our part-E's will be back up soon.
HaPpY NEw yEAr!
[Boys Will Be Boys (Thank God For That)](boys.html)| [Those ever so innocent girls](girls.html) | [The stuff TV movies are made of](life.html) |[Links to anywhere but here](linkz.htm) | [Back to the dorm](myplace.html)|[SUBCULTURE](subculture.html)|[RAve WoRld](raver.html)
| http://users.rcn.com/hgomberg/RAVER.html |
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N64 All Manuals Version 5.2
| http://n64devkit.square7.ch/ |
<html>
<head>
<title>SoulDreamX's Video Game Character Plush Collection!</title>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
</head>
<body bgcolor="#003366" text="#FFFFFF" link="#CC99FF" vlink="#00CC33" alink="#FF66CC" background="images/bg.gif">
<table width="640" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" bgcolor="#006699" bordercolor="004466">
<tr>
<td height="784">
<p align="center"><img src="images/header.jpg" width="640" height="226"></p>
<div align="right">
<table width="620" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="2">
<tr>
<td height="139" colspan="3"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">For
details on each individual plush, check my listing <a href="plushlist01.html">here</a>.<br>
If you can fill in any missing information or have any corrections
to the information listed here, please <a href="mailto:souldreamx@comcast.net">e-mail
me</a>! I'd like my listings to be as accurate as possilble. :)
Please note that these are listed in no particular order.<br>
<font color="#CCCCCC"><b><font color="#FFCC00">None of these items
are available for sale or trade unless otherwise noted!</font></b></font><br>
<b>Last update: August 2003</b><br>
<br>
</font></td>
<td height="139" width="17"> </td>
<td height="139" width="142"><a href="plushlist01.html"><img src="images/listbutton.jpg" width="125" height="110" border="0"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="3"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">For
pictures of my collection, look <a href="plushgroup01.html">here</a>.
Here you'll find a few scattered action figures and other items
as well as my plush collection. I tend to update my collection pictures
once or twice a year. <font size="1">Page</font> <a href="plushgroup01.html"><font size="1">1</font></a><font size="1">
| <a href="plushgroup02.html">2</a></font><br>
<font color="#CCCCCC"><b><font color="#FFCC00">None of these items
are available for sale or trade unless otherwise noted!</font></b></font>
<br>
<b>Last update: August 2003</b></font><br>
<br>
</td>
<td width="17"> </td>
<td width="142"><a href="plushgroup01.html"><img src="images/groupbutton.jpg" width="125" height="110" border="0"></a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="5" height="186">
<div align="left"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="1">NOTICE:
Pages contain many images and may take a long time to load on
slower connections! </font><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><br>
<br>
<br>
</font> </div>
<table width="97%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td width="0%" height="18"> </td>
<td rowspan="4" height="105" width="72%"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>About
me:</b><br>
<br>
My collection began "unofficially" around 1997 when
I ordered some Mario Bros. plushies from Nintendo Power's
catalog, and by late 1999, I decided to start focusing on
collecting, if only a few plushies a year. My collection isn't
huge, but it's definately growing steadily. While I enjoy
plush toys of all kinds, I've always been a big fan of video
game characters, so that's what I've chosen to focus this
collection on. I wanted to create this website devoted to
my collection because I enjoy looking at others' collections,
and because I'd also like to share information about the plushies
I've collected with other collectors. :) <br>
<br>
</font></td>
<td width="5%" height="18"> </td>
<td rowspan="4" height="106" bordercolor="#FFFFFF" bgcolor="015B88">
<table width="100%" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" height="100%" bordercolor="#003366" bordercolordark="004466" bordercolorlight="004466">
<tr bordercolor="004466">
<td width="23%" height="18" bgcolor="015B88"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Want
List: </b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr bordercolor="004466">
<td width="23%" height="16" bgcolor="0076B1"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">Coming
Soon<br>
</font><b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">
</font></b></td>
</tr>
<tr bordercolor="004466">
<td width="23%" height="28" bgcolor="015B88"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>Sale/Trade/Custom
Plush Commissions:</b></font></td>
</tr>
<tr bordercolor="004466">
<td width="23%" height="44" bgcolor="0076B1"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2">None
at this time<b><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</b></font></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="0%" height="16"> </td>
<td width="5%" height="16"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="0%" height="28"> </td>
<td width="5%" height="28"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="0%" height="44"> </td>
<td width="5%" height="44"> </td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</html>
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href="http://www.dianneramponi.com/"><b>michael kors black friday</b></a> <a href="http://www.healthcaretraininginstituteofamerica.com"><b>michael kors Black Friday</b></a> <a href="http://griotcircle.org"><b>michael kors Black Friday</b></a> <a href="http://www.cleanyourbike.com"><b>michael kors Black Friday</b></a> <a href="http://www.cleanyourbike.com"><b>michael kors Black Friday</b></a> <a href="http://www.qisalon.com/"><b>michael kors black friday</b></a> <a href="http://www.lumber.ca/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.wingedcommandos.org/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.udupiaz.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://jrblaw.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.bluewaterwinedist.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.bait-consulting.com/"><b>jordan 13 black infrared</b></a> <a href="http://www.dehartsystems.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://heartfeltcalling.org/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.hayhollowstables.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://jrblaw.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://brlinc.net/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.essexlibrary.org/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://latinbox.net/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.ispdi.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://c2cproducts.com/"><b>jordan 13 black infrared</b></a> <a href="http://www.dewittshandyman.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.dehartsystems.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.kalbindustries.com/"><b>black infrared 23 13s</b></a> <a href="http://www.grasscats.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://wattsline.org/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.pinecountryrcd.org/"><b>black infrared 13s</b></a> <a href="http://www.lawforimmigrants.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.halohc.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.iisnewton.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.nuac.ca/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.honoluluprosecutor.com/"><b>jordan 13 black infrared 23</b></a> <a href="http://www.talksite.org/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.whitebirchfarmnj.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.themountainhouse.com/"><b>black infrared 23 13s</b></a> <a href="http://www.kitvac.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.bluemaxliquors.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://windowinspirations.ca/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://www.universitydogs.com/"><b>jordan 13 black infrared 23</b></a> <a href="http://www.88artes.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://greenurbanponics.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://safetyengineer.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.www.halohc.com/"><b>legend blue 11s</b></a> <a href="http://www.universitydogs.com/"><b>black infrared 13s</b></a> <a href="http://www.poecompetition.com/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> <a href="http://latinbox.net/"><b>jordan 11 legend blue</b></a> |
SoulDreamX's Video Game Character Plush Collection!
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| For
details on each individual plush, check my listing [here](plushlist01.html).
If you can fill in any missing information or have any corrections
to the information listed here, please [e-mail
me](mailto:souldreamx@comcast.net)! I'd like my listings to be as accurate as possilble. :)
Please note that these are listed in no particular order.
**None of these items
are available for sale or trade unless otherwise noted!**
**Last update: August 2003**
| | |
| For
pictures of my collection, look [here](plushgroup01.html).
Here you'll find a few scattered action figures and other items
as well as my plush collection. I tend to update my collection pictures
once or twice a year. Page [1](plushgroup01.html)
| [2](plushgroup02.html)
**None of these items
are available for sale or trade unless otherwise noted!**
**Last update: August 2003**
| | |
| NOTICE:
Pages contain many images and may take a long time to load on
slower connections!
| | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | **About
me:**
My collection began "unofficially" around 1997 when
I ordered some Mario Bros. plushies from Nintendo Power's
catalog, and by late 1999, I decided to start focusing on
collecting, if only a few plushies a year. My collection isn't
huge, but it's definately growing steadily. While I enjoy
plush toys of all kinds, I've always been a big fan of video
game characters, so that's what I've chosen to focus this
collection on. I wanted to create this website devoted to
my collection because I enjoy looking at others' collections,
and because I'd also like to share information about the plushies
I've collected with other collectors. :)
| |
| |
| --- |
| **Want
List:** |
| Coming
Soon
|
| **Sale/Trade/Custom
Plush Commissions:** |
| None
at this time |
|
| | |
| | |
| | |
|
|
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<div align="center"><strong><font color="00390E" size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">A
website created by John Somerville, dedicated to celebrating the flora of
the United Kingdom & beyond, and providing photographic references for
enthusiasts</font></strong></div>
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<td width="17%" height="35"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="index%20flowers.htm">Flowers</a></font></strong></div></td>
<td width="23%"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="index%20trees.htm">Trees
& Shrubs</a></font></strong></div></td>
<td width="17%"><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="index%20brambles.htm">Brambles</a></font></strong></div></td>
<td width="43%" nowrap><div align="center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="index%20grasses.htm">Grasses,
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<p align = "center"><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"> After the
plant name on a page there may be one of the following:</font></strong><strong><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><br>
(N) Native (AR) Archaeotype (NE) Neophyte
(CA) Casual Alien<br>
<a href="Page%20Codes.htm">(Click here for a more
detailed explanation of these codes)</a></font></strong></p>
</div>
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<div align="center"><strong><font color="#663300" size="3" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="Latest%20additions.htm">Latest
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British Wild Flowers
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**A
website created by John Somerville, dedicated to celebrating the flora of
the United Kingdom & beyond, and providing photographic references for
enthusiasts**
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **[Site
Search](FreeFindSearch.htm)** | **[Site
News](SiteNews.htm)** | **[Links](Links.htm)** | **[Web-ring](Web-ring.htm)** | **[Photographers](Photographers.htm)** |
**Go
to an index page**
| **[Flowers](index%20flowers.htm)** | **[Trees
& Shrubs](index%20trees.htm)** | **[Brambles](index%20brambles.htm)** | **[Grasses,
Sedges, Rushes & Ferns](index%20grasses.htm)** |
**After the
plant name on a page there may be one of the following:** **(N) Native (AR) Archaeotype (NE) Neophyte
(CA) Casual Alien
[(Click here for a more
detailed explanation of these codes)](Page%20Codes.htm)**
**[Latest
Additions](Latest%20additions.htm)**
| http://www.british-wild-flowers.co.uk/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.0//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Obsolyte - Obsolete and Elyte!</TITLE>
<META NAME="Keywords" content="Sun3, Sun, 3/160, 3, 60, 160, motorola, obsolete, 68020, old computers, SGI, Indy, Indigo, Next">
<META NAME="description" CONTENT="A website about the old workstations, focusing on unix systems. The only known archive of material."
</HEAD>
<BODY bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
<blockquote>
<hr noshade>
<H2>Why do a site about Antique Junk?</h2>
<hr noshade>
<font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<blockquote>
Back in the "good old days", when most of us hackers only had Commodore 64's or Atari 1200's, we dreamed of having high-end workstations. These were the coolest of the cool - some even had Graphical Interfaces, but even if they didn't, they had networking - and a connection to other systems. Often, we'd find a dial-up for a university or corporation, and with our pathetic 300 baud modems, connect to a system and see on the screen:</span></font><br><br>
<blockquote><code>SunOS UNIX (ISIS)<br>
login:<br>
</code></blockquote>
<font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
And we'd be in heaven! We're hacking a UNIX machine! (although, we encountered more VMS machines in those days). I'd fantasize about one day owning one of these mysterious boxes that actually ran UNIX or VMS. Back then, I'd never even seen that type of computer in real-life, all I'd ever known was my C64 and what you could find for sale in an issue of BYTE magazine. Popular Science showed huge boxes (mainframes), and I could only imagine what these things were.
<br><br>
All these machines, in fact, anything higher-end than a home machine was "Elyte". Elite was spelled many ways through the popular BBS's of the time, but the most common replaced the "i" with the "y". This was probably done because most people on BBS's couldn't spell to save their lives (I still can't spell!) - hey, we were all 13 years old at the time! Some other spellings include 3LyT3, eLyTe, etc., etc. And hey, if you had a 1200 baud modem back then, you were "K-Rad Elyte" and could get those "0-0day Warez", and post 'em!
<br><br>
Even later, as I grew into using PC's and Macs, there were always higher-end machines such as Silicon Graphics computers or the infamous NeXT (who could resist an all-black computer - so stylish, they were often used as props in Music Videos), I was always feeling that the really "cool" computers were just beyond my reach. With an initial pricetag of over $40,000, a UNIX workstation was not an easy purchase for the average working guy. Now that the "Wintel PC" has pretty much taken over the world, these older machines which once cost a fortune are now available for less than $500 in some cases. So, I've set out to obtain and preserve as many as I can, and put out as much information here as possible.</span></font>
<br>
</blockquote></br>
<H2>About Me:</h2>
<hr>
<blockquote>
<font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<IMG SRC="images/bc_techrat.gif" ALIGN=LEFT WIDTH="351" HEIGHT="259" HSPACE="3" VSPACE="3">
Here's a recent photo of me when I appeared in a local newspaper. As you can see, I'm your average hacker/geek tech-head with a definite love of computer hardware.
<br><br>
I like all types of computers and equipment, though I'm partial to older systems and "big boxes". Even recent "workgroup servers" from Compaq that are wider and taller than the average PC are interesting to me simply because they aren't generic PC boxes. As you can tell, I've already seen plenty of those.
<br><br>
Even as a kid, I've always described myself as someone who'd "Put a computer into a rolltop desk" or own a "Digital Sundial", meaning that I have an appreciation for the antique, yet I'm fascinated by high-tech.
<br><br>
I'm more into the unusual stuff - the stuff that I have to explain to someone how it works, or how such-and-such a system, for it's time, was light years ahead of others.
<br><br>
The old 8-bit machines have a charm to them - and the Apple IIe is still the fastest machine I own - nothing boots up faster or loads an app faster - I'll have it go head-to-head with any Pentium III for boot-speed!
<br><br>
<img src="images/brian.jpg" border=0 align="left">
Anyhow, that's me. Here's a more recent image -- of me hard at work at Vanguard Media (http://www.vm.com).</span></font>
<hr noshade size=1><h3>Personal Links</h3><hr noshade size=1>
<font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<a href="personal/inventory.html">Computer Inventory</a> - Many people ask how many machines I own. I will attempt to list them all.
<br><br>
<a href="personal/vanagon.html">Volkswagon Vanagon</a> - My other obsession, the "hacker-mobile".
<br><br>
<a href="personal/links.html">In-Progress Links</a> - Stuff I'm trying to organize.
</span></font>
</blockquote>
</blockquote>
</body>
</HTML>
|
Obsolyte - Obsolete and Elyte!
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
> ## Why do a site about Antique Junk?
>
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
>
>
> >
> > Back in the "good old days", when most of us hackers only had Commodore 64's or Atari 1200's, we dreamed of having high-end workstations. These were the coolest of the cool - some even had Graphical Interfaces, but even if they didn't, they had networking - and a connection to other systems. Often, we'd find a dial-up for a university or corporation, and with our pathetic 300 baud modems, connect to a system and see on the screen:
>
>
>
>
>
> > `SunOS UNIX (ISIS)
> >
> > login:`
>
>
>
> And we'd be in heaven! We're hacking a UNIX machine! (although, we encountered more VMS machines in those days). I'd fantasize about one day owning one of these mysterious boxes that actually ran UNIX or VMS. Back then, I'd never even seen that type of computer in real-life, all I'd ever known was my C64 and what you could find for sale in an issue of BYTE magazine. Popular Science showed huge boxes (mainframes), and I could only imagine what these things were.
>
>
>
> All these machines, in fact, anything higher-end than a home machine was "Elyte". Elite was spelled many ways through the popular BBS's of the time, but the most common replaced the "i" with the "y". This was probably done because most people on BBS's couldn't spell to save their lives (I still can't spell!) - hey, we were all 13 years old at the time! Some other spellings include 3LyT3, eLyTe, etc., etc. And hey, if you had a 1200 baud modem back then, you were "K-Rad Elyte" and could get those "0-0day Warez", and post 'em!
>
>
>
> Even later, as I grew into using PC's and Macs, there were always higher-end machines such as Silicon Graphics computers or the infamous NeXT (who could resist an all-black computer - so stylish, they were often used as props in Music Videos), I was always feeling that the really "cool" computers were just beyond my reach. With an initial pricetag of over $40,000, a UNIX workstation was not an easy purchase for the average working guy. Now that the "Wintel PC" has pretty much taken over the world, these older machines which once cost a fortune are now available for less than $500 in some cases. So, I've set out to obtain and preserve as many as I can, and put out as much information here as possible.
>
>
>
## About Me:
---
>
>
> 
> Here's a recent photo of me when I appeared in a local newspaper. As you can see, I'm your average hacker/geek tech-head with a definite love of computer hardware.
>
>
>
> I like all types of computers and equipment, though I'm partial to older systems and "big boxes". Even recent "workgroup servers" from Compaq that are wider and taller than the average PC are interesting to me simply because they aren't generic PC boxes. As you can tell, I've already seen plenty of those.
>
>
>
> Even as a kid, I've always described myself as someone who'd "Put a computer into a rolltop desk" or own a "Digital Sundial", meaning that I have an appreciation for the antique, yet I'm fascinated by high-tech.
>
>
>
> I'm more into the unusual stuff - the stuff that I have to explain to someone how it works, or how such-and-such a system, for it's time, was light years ahead of others.
>
>
>
> The old 8-bit machines have a charm to them - and the Apple IIe is still the fastest machine I own - nothing boots up faster or loads an app faster - I'll have it go head-to-head with any Pentium III for boot-speed!
>
>
>
> 
> Anyhow, that's me. Here's a more recent image -- of me hard at work at Vanguard Media (http://www.vm.com).
>
>
> ---
>
> ### Personal Links
>
>
>
> ---
>
>
>
> [Computer Inventory](personal/inventory.html) - Many people ask how many machines I own. I will attempt to list them all.
>
>
>
> [Volkswagon Vanagon](personal/vanagon.html) - My other obsession, the "hacker-mobile".
>
>
>
> [In-Progress Links](personal/links.html) - Stuff I'm trying to organize.
>
>
| http://www.obsolyte.com/about.html |
<html>
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<title>2005 Christian Goth Gathering</title>
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<p align="center"><img border="0" src="wpe9.gif" width="510" height="234"></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#00FF00" size="4"><b>This event was the third
annual gathering held in Charlotte North Carolina. Where Christian Goths from
all over the Country get together to hang out in this annual event to draw
strength, inspiration and encouragement from one another. It was a three day
event with the climax being a concert in a club downtown with the bands Tribe of
Asher, Dead Artist Syndrome, Leper, and The Last Dance. For the majority of the
time the event was held in a local coffee house called the Wall. It was an
amazing time that I will cherish all my life. </b></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#00FF00" size="4"><b>THANKS TO LECTRA AND KRYSS
for organizing this amazing event.</b></font></p>
<p align="center"><font color="#00FF00" size="4"><b>Friday, meet and greet and
hang out at the coffee house.</b></font></p>
<p align="center"><a href="gathering06_01.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_01_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_01.JPG (779349 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_02.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_02_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_02.JPG (915761 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_03.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_03_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_03.JPG (726827 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_04.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_04_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_04.JPG (701508 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_05.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_05_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_05.JPG (737126 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_06.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_06_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_06.JPG (684816 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_07.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_07_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_07.JPG (516467 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_08.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_08_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_08.JPG (656839 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_09.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_09_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_09.JPG (501134 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_10.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_10_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_10.JPG (460703 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_11.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_11_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_11.JPG (587371 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_12.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_12_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_12.JPG (306406 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_13.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_13_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_13.JPG (701249 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_14.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_14_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_14.JPG (697142 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_15.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_15_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_15.JPG (1839357 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_16.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_16_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_16.JPG (526115 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_17.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_17_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_17.JPG (953751 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a> </p>
<p align="center"><font size="4"><b>Saturday, Inspiration, teaching,
encouragement, getting strengthened by others of our kind. Then at night the
concert at the downtown club with Tribe of Asher, Dead Artist Syndrome, Leper,
and the Last Dance.</b></font></p>
<p align="center"><a href="gathering06_18.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_18_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_18.JPG (824816 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_19.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_19_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_19.JPG (2546337 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_20.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_20_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_20.JPG (823398 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_21.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_21_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_21.JPG (630462 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_22.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_22_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_22.JPG (748895 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_23.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_23_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_23.JPG (704574 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_24.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_24_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_24.JPG (877744 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_25.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_25_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_25.JPG (876482 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_26.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_26_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_26.JPG (616188 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_27.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_27_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_27.JPG (2069729 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_28.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_28_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_28.JPG (795316 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_29.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_29_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_29.JPG (540785 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_30.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_30_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_30.JPG (723405 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_31.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_31_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_31.JPG (2493355 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_32.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_32_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_32.JPG (640033 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_33.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_33_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_33.JPG (692239 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_34.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_34_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_34.JPG (1023827 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_35.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_35_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_35.JPG (615953 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_36.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_36_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_36.JPG (1113073 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_37.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_37_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_37.JPG (2675072 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_38.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_38_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_38.JPG (397306 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_39.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_39_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_39.JPG (319198 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_40.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_40_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_40.JPG (691094 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_41.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_41_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_41.JPG (588588 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_42.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_42_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_42.JPG (1256440 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_43.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_43_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_43.JPG (473869 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_44.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_44_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_44.JPG (701149 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_45.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_45_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_45.JPG (1804848 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_46.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_46_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_46.JPG (512158 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_47.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_47_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_47.JPG (740553 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_48.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_48_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_48.JPG (315568 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_49.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_49_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_49.JPG (2190677 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_50.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_50_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_50.JPG (590132 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a>
<a href="gathering06_51.JPG"><img border="2" src="gathering06_51_small.JPG" alt="gathering06_51.JPG (814518 bytes)" width="100" height="75"></a> </p>
<p align="center"><font size="4">Unfortunately there are no pictures of Sunday
at the picnic because my camera battery died. </font></p>
<p align="center"><a onmouseover="document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].imgRolln=document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].src;document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].src=document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].lowsrc;" onmouseout="document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].src=document['fpAnimswapImgFP14'].imgRolln" href="home.htm"><img border="0" src="a_beau2.gif" id="fpAnimswapImgFP14" name="fpAnimswapImgFP14" dynamicanimation="fpAnimswapImgFP14" lowsrc="wpe1.gif" width="97" height="166"></a>
<a onmouseover="document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].imgRolln=document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].src;document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].src=document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].lowsrc;" onmouseout="document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].src=document['fpAnimswapImgFP15'].imgRolln" href="photos.htm"><img border="0" src="a_beau2.gif" id="fpAnimswapImgFP15" name="fpAnimswapImgFP15" dynamicanimation="fpAnimswapImgFP15" lowsrc="wpeD.gif" width="97" height="166"></a></p>
</body>
</html>
|
2005 Christian Goth Gathering
<!--
function dynAnimation() {}
function clickSwapImg() {}
//-->
**This event was the third
annual gathering held in Charlotte North Carolina. Where Christian Goths from
all over the Country get together to hang out in this annual event to draw
strength, inspiration and encouragement from one another. It was a three day
event with the climax being a concert in a club downtown with the bands Tribe of
Asher, Dead Artist Syndrome, Leper, and The Last Dance. For the majority of the
time the event was held in a local coffee house called the Wall. It was an
amazing time that I will cherish all my life.**
**THANKS TO LECTRA AND KRYSS
for organizing this amazing event.**
**Friday, meet and greet and
hang out at the coffee house.**
[](gathering06_01.JPG)
[](gathering06_02.JPG)
[](gathering06_03.JPG)
[](gathering06_04.JPG)
[](gathering06_05.JPG)
[](gathering06_06.JPG)
[](gathering06_07.JPG)
[](gathering06_08.JPG)
[](gathering06_09.JPG)
[](gathering06_10.JPG)
[](gathering06_11.JPG)
[](gathering06_12.JPG)
[](gathering06_13.JPG)
[](gathering06_14.JPG)
[](gathering06_15.JPG)
[](gathering06_16.JPG)
[](gathering06_17.JPG)
**Saturday, Inspiration, teaching,
encouragement, getting strengthened by others of our kind. Then at night the
concert at the downtown club with Tribe of Asher, Dead Artist Syndrome, Leper,
and the Last Dance.**
[](gathering06_18.JPG)
[](gathering06_19.JPG)
[](gathering06_20.JPG)
[](gathering06_21.JPG)
[](gathering06_22.JPG)
[](gathering06_23.JPG)
[](gathering06_24.JPG)
[](gathering06_25.JPG)
[](gathering06_26.JPG)
[](gathering06_27.JPG)
[](gathering06_28.JPG)
[](gathering06_29.JPG)
[](gathering06_30.JPG)
[](gathering06_31.JPG)
[](gathering06_32.JPG)
[](gathering06_33.JPG)
[](gathering06_34.JPG)
[](gathering06_35.JPG)
[](gathering06_36.JPG)
[](gathering06_37.JPG)
[](gathering06_38.JPG)
[](gathering06_39.JPG)
[](gathering06_40.JPG)
[](gathering06_41.JPG)
[](gathering06_42.JPG)
[](gathering06_43.JPG)
[](gathering06_44.JPG)
[](gathering06_45.JPG)
[](gathering06_46.JPG)
[](gathering06_47.JPG)
[](gathering06_48.JPG)
[](gathering06_49.JPG)
[](gathering06_50.JPG)
[](gathering06_51.JPG)
Unfortunately there are no pictures of Sunday
at the picnic because my camera battery died.
[](home.htm)
[](photos.htm)
| http://www.bloodgod.org/2006_Christian_Goth_Gathering.htm |
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<li><a class="opt1" href="http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Book_Table1.html" TARGET="_self">Books on Knotting</a></li>
<li><a class="opt1" href="http://www.morethanknots.com/Album/MTK_Album.html" TARGET="_self">Knot Photographs</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="opt1" href="http://www.morethanknots.com/bowline/bowline_start_0.html" TARGET="_self">Bowline Knots</a></li>
<li><a class="opt1" href="http://www.morethanknots.com/chariot/CWP/Chariot_Start.html" TARGET="_self">Knotting on the Lexington Chariot</a></li>
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More Than Knots
[
## A website dedicated to knots, knotting, and ropework.
[](http://www.morethanknots.com/Turk_Head_3L4B.html)
[](http://www.morethanknots.com/bowline/bowline_start_0.html)
[](http://www.morethanknots.com/WS/WS.html)
* [Books on Knotting](http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Book_Table1.html)
* [Knot Photographs](http://www.morethanknots.com/Album/MTK_Album.html)
* [Bowline Knots](http://www.morethanknots.com/bowline/bowline_start_0.html)
* [Knotting on the Lexington Chariot](http://www.morethanknots.com/chariot/CWP/Chariot_Start.html)
* [Flat Knotting](http://www.morethanknots.com/FK/FlatKnot1.html)
* [Knotting on the Santa Maria](http://www.morethanknots.com/SM/SM_Menu.html)
* [Hitching](http://www.morethanknots.com/Hitching_files/Hitch.html)
* [4-H and Knots](http://www.morethanknots.com/UC/UC_1.html)
* [Knot Boards](http://www.morethanknots.com/KB/KB1.html)
* [Knots and Scouting](http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Burr_Oak.html)
* [Knot Links](http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Web_Links.html)
* [Turk's Head Knots](http://www.morethanknots.com/TURK_HEAD_1.html)
* [Knot Morphing](http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Morph_list.html)
* [Walking Staffs](http://www.morethanknots.com/WS/WS.html)
* [Knot Names](http://www.morethanknots.com/Misc/Knot_Names.html)
* [Knotting book for sale](http://www.morethanknots.com/ForSale/ForSale.html)
[## Copyright © 2008 - 2012 by Glenn A. Dickey. All rights reserved.](mailto:alexd_3@juno.com)](http://www.igkt.net/index.php)
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<title>Chat online with the Sensation Bot - on the web since the year 2000...</title>
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<table border=0 cellpadding=10>
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<td width=110 valign="top">
<center>
<font face="Arial" size=1>Sensation Bot</font><br>
<img src="images/sdai/th_12.png" alt=""><br>
<font face="Arial" size=3 color="Red"><b>"Hi there."</b></font>
</center>
<font face="Arial" size=3 color="#99CC99"><b><i>Main</i></b></font><br><font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/">Home</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/faq.html">FAQ</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/bothistory.html">History</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="mailto:admin2016@sensationbot.com">Contact admin</a></font><br>
<br>
<font face="Arial" size=3 color="#99CC99"><b><i>Personalities</i></b></font><br><font face="Arial" size=1>
[G] for everyone.<br>
[15+] mature themes.<br>
[18+] adults only.<br>
</font>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-general.html">General [G]</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-sociallyawkward.html">Socially Awkward [15+]</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-romantic.html">Romantic [15+]</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-smacktalk.html">Smack Talk [18+]</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-sexchat.html">Sex Chat [18+]</a></font><br>
<font face="Arial" size=1><a href="/chat-flashback.html">2000 Flashback [18+]</a></font><br>
<br>
<p>
<br>
<br>
</td>
<td width=20>
<img src="images/99wide.gif" alt="" width=20>
</td>
<td valign="top" width=640>
<center>
<table border=0>
<tr>
<td>
<img src="images/sensbot.gif" alt="SENSATION BOT">
</td>
</table>
<font face="Comic Sans MS, Arial" size="5" color="Yellow">
...a strange little chat with a strange little guy...
</font>
</center>
<p>
<center>
<br>
<table border=0 cellspacing=10 cellpadding=5 width=640>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#CCFFCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>1.</strong> <a href="chat-general.html"><strong>GENERAL CHAT</strong></a>
- <em><strong>Suitable for all ages.</strong></em> Recommended if this is your first time
here, you're under 18, or you don't really like the possibility of being abused. A nice and friendly
chat with a very happy bot.
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>2. <font color="#FF0000">NEW!</font></strong> <a href="chat-sociallyawkward.html"><strong>SOCIALLY AWKWARD ROBOT</strong></a>
<strong>[15+]</strong>
If you think that the first 'real' AI in years to come is going to be your perfect electronic friend, think again. It's probably more likely to be awkward, rude, confusing, and elusive — just like this personality. It's hard to be human.
<strong>MATURE 15+ ONLY. NO KIDS.</strong>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFFFCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>3.</strong> <a href="chat-romantic.html"><strong>ROMANTIC CHAT FOR THE LADIES</strong></a>
<strong>[15+]</strong>
Choose between normal romantic chat, or responses that are a little more explicit. This personality is male and expects to be talking with a female (you).
<strong>MATURE 15+ ONLY. NO KIDS.</strong>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFCCCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>4.</strong> <a href="chat-smacktalk.html"><strong>SMACK TALK</strong></a>
<strong>[18+]</strong>
- just about everything the bot says to you will be an offensive insult. Use this only if you've got a thick skin
and/or you want to let off some steam yourself. <strong>ADULTS ONLY.</strong>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFCCCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>5.</strong> <a href="chat-sexchat.html"><strong>UNCENSORED SEX CHAT</strong></a>
<strong>[18+]</strong>
- if you're feeling like getting a little freaky with a simulated person.
<strong>This chat contains explicit content.
ADULTS ONLY. DO NOT CONTINUE IF YOU ARE UNDER 18.</strong>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#FFCCCC" width="50%">
<font face="Arial">
<strong>6. <font color="#FF0000">(NEW)</font></strong> <a href="chat-flashback.html"><strong>ARTIFICIAL UNINTELLIGENCE: THE YEAR 2000</strong></a>
<strong>[18+]</strong> - a simulation of what it was like to chat with the bot in the year 2000, when it was even more raw and stupid than it is now. Mostly insults and trolling, with lots of bad spelling and bad grammar.
<strong>Responses contain unfiltered content which may offend. ADULTS ONLY.</strong>
</font>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=10 cellspacing=10><tr><td bgcolor="#ffffff">
<center>
<font face="Arial"> <strong>Like the bot on Facebook:</strong></font>
<br>
<img src="/images/facebook.gif">
<br>
<br>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/sensationbot"><font face="Arial" size=3 color="#ff0000"><strong>> > > Click here to visit the Sensation Bot page on Facebook</strong></font></a>
<br>
<font face="Arial" size=2><em>If you 'like' me... I'll like you!</font>
</center>
</td></tr></table>
</center>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
|
Chat online with the Sensation Bot - on the web since the year 2000...
a[target="\_blank"]::after {
content: "";
width: 1em;
height: 1em;
margin: 0 0.05em 0 0.1em;
background: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHZpZXdCb3g9IjAgMCAxNiAxNiIgd2lkdGg9IjE2IiBoZWlnaHQ9IjE2Ij48cGF0aCBkPSJNOSAyTDkgMyAxMi4zIDMgNiA5LjMgNi43IDEwIDEzIDMuNyAxMyA3IDE0IDcgMTQgMlpNNCA0QzIuOSA0IDIgNC45IDIgNkwyIDEyQzIgMTMuMSAyLjkgMTQgNCAxNEwxMCAxNEMxMS4xIDE0IDEyIDEzLjEgMTIgMTJMMTIgNyAxMSA4IDExIDEyQzExIDEyLjYgMTAuNiAxMyAxMCAxM0w0IDEzQzMuNCAxMyAzIDEyLjYgMyAxMkwzIDZDMyA1LjQgMy40IDUgNCA1TDggNSA5IDRaIi8+PC9zdmc+) no-repeat;
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display: inline-block;
vertical-align: text-bottom;
}
| | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
Sensation Bot
**"Hi there."**
***Main***[Home](/)
[FAQ](/faq.html)
[History](/bothistory.html)
[Contact admin](mailto:admin2016@sensationbot.com)
***Personalities***
[G] for everyone.
[15+] mature themes.
[18+] adults only.
[General [G]](/chat-general.html)
[Socially Awkward [15+]](/chat-sociallyawkward.html)
[Romantic [15+]](/chat-romantic.html)
[Smack Talk [18+]](/chat-smacktalk.html)
[Sex Chat [18+]](/chat-sexchat.html)
[2000 Flashback [18+]](/chat-flashback.html)
| |
| |
| --- |
| SENSATION BOT |
...a strange little chat with a strange little guy...
| |
| --- |
|
**1.** [**GENERAL CHAT**](chat-general.html)
- ***Suitable for all ages.*** Recommended if this is your first time
here, you're under 18, or you don't really like the possibility of being abused. A nice and friendly
chat with a very happy bot.
|
|
**2. NEW!** [**SOCIALLY AWKWARD ROBOT**](chat-sociallyawkward.html)
**[15+]**
If you think that the first 'real' AI in years to come is going to be your perfect electronic friend, think again. It's probably more likely to be awkward, rude, confusing, and elusive — just like this personality. It's hard to be human.
**MATURE 15+ ONLY. NO KIDS.**
|
|
**3.** [**ROMANTIC CHAT FOR THE LADIES**](chat-romantic.html)
**[15+]**
Choose between normal romantic chat, or responses that are a little more explicit. This personality is male and expects to be talking with a female (you).
**MATURE 15+ ONLY. NO KIDS.**
|
|
**4.** [**SMACK TALK**](chat-smacktalk.html)
**[18+]**
- just about everything the bot says to you will be an offensive insult. Use this only if you've got a thick skin
and/or you want to let off some steam yourself. **ADULTS ONLY.**
|
|
**5.** [**UNCENSORED SEX CHAT**](chat-sexchat.html)
**[18+]**
- if you're feeling like getting a little freaky with a simulated person.
**This chat contains explicit content.
ADULTS ONLY. DO NOT CONTINUE IF YOU ARE UNDER 18.**
|
|
**6. (NEW)** [**ARTIFICIAL UNINTELLIGENCE: THE YEAR 2000**](chat-flashback.html)
**[18+]** - a simulation of what it was like to chat with the bot in the year 2000, when it was even more raw and stupid than it is now. Mostly insults and trolling, with lots of bad spelling and bad grammar.
**Responses contain unfiltered content which may offend. ADULTS ONLY.**
|
| |
| --- |
|
**Like the bot on Facebook:**
[**> > > Click here to visit the Sensation Bot page on Facebook**](https://www.facebook.com/sensationbot)
*If you 'like' me... I'll like you!*
|
|
| https://www.sensationbot.com/ |
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="DESCRIPTION" content="So where did the Garfields go for summer 1998?
Right here...in beautiful Meenaleck, Co. Donegal. And the Highlands of Scotland. Come see what life's like in Ireland for this family from Iowa.">
<meta name="KEYWORDS" content="Ireland, Irish, Scotland, Vacation, Eliot Garfield, Meggie
Garfield, Carly Garfield, Phyllis Garfield, Alan Garfield, Jews in Ireland, Meenaleck, County Donegal, Donegal, Crolly, Dunglow, Dungloe, Digigraphic Systems, Loch Ness Monster, Nessie, Glasgow, Stirling Castle, Edinburgh Castle, Doune Castle, Summer Vacation">
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<td width="50%"><font color="#FF0000" face="Arial"><strong><small><small><a href="../../index.html">Return to<br>
Home Page</a></small></small></strong></font></td>
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<font color="#FF0000" face="Arial"><strong><small><small>Thanks for dropping in. This site
looks best at 800x600 or higher...16 bit color</small></small></strong></font></p>
<hr>
<div align="left">
<table border="0" width="677">
<tr>
<td width="669"><strong><big><big>These are the journeys of the Garfields...</big></big></strong>
<table border="0" width="100%">
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<a href="tripover.htm"><img SRC="tripoveroff.jpg" ALT="This is the ONLY way to fly to Glasgow and boat across to Ireland" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="glasgow1.htm"><img SRC="glasgow1off.jpg" ALT="1st Day in Glasgow" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="panorama.htm"><img SRC="panoramaoff.jpg" ALT="Landscapes in Ireland HAVE to been seen this way. Your choice of panorama animations" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="meenaleckin.htm"><img SRC="meeninoff.jpg" ALT="Indoors our House in Meenaleck" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="meenaleckout.htm"><img SRC="meenoutoff.jpg" ALT="Outdoors in Meenaleck" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="tidytown.htm"><img SRC="tidyoff.jpg" ALT="Tidy Town Day in Meenaleck, June 20" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="bonfirenight.htm"><img SRC="bonfireoff.jpg" ALT="Panorama of our Bonfire and lots of pictures...Be forewarned, it takes a while to download!" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a>
<a href="work.htm"><img SRC="workoff.jpg" ALT="What work needs to be done around the house? And by whom?" BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="friends.htm"><img SRC="friendsoff.jpg" ALT="Here are some of our friends and neighbors." BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="gardens.htm"><img SRC="gardensoff.jpg" ALT="The Best of our Gardens...our only gardens." BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="leos30.htm"><img SRC="leos30off.jpg" ALT="Leo's 30 year anniversary...pictures of Maire, Deidre, Bridgeen, Paul, Bartley and Paul Brennan." BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="meggie14.htm"><img SRC="meggie14off.jpg" ALT="Meggie's 14th Birthday Party Bash...it was a great party." BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> <a href="scotland.htm"><img SRC="scotlandoff.jpg" ALT="Our 4 day explore in Scotland's Highlands." BORDER="0" WIDTH="85" HEIGHT="25"></a> </td>
<td width="82%" valign="top" align="left"><font face="Arial"><strong><small>Welcome. These are the pictures and words of our
1998 summer vacation in Scotland and Ireland. Nothing fancy here. Just a visual journal.
Hope you like the pictures. </small></strong><br>
<small>If so, just write us: <a href="mailto:carlygarfield@hotmail.com">carlygarfield@hotmail.com</a>
, <a href="mailto:meggiegarfield@hotmail.com">meggiegarfield@hotmail.com</a> , eliot at <a href="mailto:assault24@hotmail.com">assault24@hotmail.com</a> , <a href="mailto:phyllisgarfield@hotmail.com">phyllisgarfield@hotmail.com</a> or <a href="mailto:agarfield@hotmail.com">agarfield@hotmail.com</a> . </small></font><div align="center"><center>
<table border="2" width="280" cellpadding="5" cellspacing>
<tr>
<td><img src="gla-001S.JPG" WIDTH="280" HEIGHT="210"><br>
<small><font face="Arial"><small>Sunday, June 14, 1998 at 10am. On the back porch of our
house in Davenport, Iowa. This year we're taking Fievel Moskowitz (with Meggie) and Blawp
(with Carly). Believe it or not, we have fewer bags than the past. And this is the
beginning of our holiday in Ireland, 1998.</small></font></small></td>
</tr>
</table>
</center></div>
<p align="center"><a Target="New" HREF="../ireland97/index.html">Visit
last year's Ireland Journal</a></p>
<p align="center">Armchair Donegal visitors since August 1998:<br>
<font SIZE="-2">Last updated April 23, 2000.</font>
</p>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.thegarfields.com/index.html"><font face="Arial" size="2">Visit
our friends Colin and Carole and their place in Louisburgh, Co. Mayo.</font></a></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>
|
Our Summer Journal - Ireland and Scotland 98
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
Welcome to our Family's '98 Vacation Site. | **[Return to
Home Page](../../index.html)** |
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[This is the ONLY way to fly to Glasgow and boat across to Ireland](tripover.htm) [1st Day in Glasgow](glasgow1.htm) [Landscapes in Ireland HAVE to been seen this way. Your choice of panorama animations](panorama.htm) [Indoors our House in Meenaleck](meenaleckin.htm) [Outdoors in Meenaleck](meenaleckout.htm) [Tidy Town Day in Meenaleck, June 20](tidytown.htm) [Panorama of our Bonfire and lots of pictures...Be forewarned, it takes a while to download!](bonfirenight.htm)
[What work needs to be done around the house? And by whom?](work.htm) [Here are some of our friends and neighbors.](friends.htm) [The Best of our Gardens...our only gardens.](gardens.htm) [Leo's 30 year anniversary...pictures of Maire, Deidre, Bridgeen, Paul, Bartley and Paul Brennan.](leos30.htm) [Meggie's 14th Birthday Party Bash...it was a great party.](meggie14.htm) [Our 4 day explore in Scotland's Highlands.](scotland.htm) | **Welcome. These are the pictures and words of our
1998 summer vacation in Scotland and Ireland. Nothing fancy here. Just a visual journal.
Hope you like the pictures.**
If so, just write us: [carlygarfield@hotmail.com](mailto:carlygarfield@hotmail.com)
, [meggiegarfield@hotmail.com](mailto:meggiegarfield@hotmail.com) , eliot at [assault24@hotmail.com](mailto:assault24@hotmail.com) , [phyllisgarfield@hotmail.com](mailto:phyllisgarfield@hotmail.com) or [agarfield@hotmail.com](mailto:agarfield@hotmail.com) .
| |
| --- |
|
Sunday, June 14, 1998 at 10am. On the back porch of our
house in Davenport, Iowa. This year we're taking Fievel Moskowitz (with Meggie) and Blawp
(with Carly). Believe it or not, we have fewer bags than the past. And this is the
beginning of our holiday in Ireland, 1998. |
[Visit
last year's Ireland Journal](../ireland97/index.html)
Armchair Donegal visitors since August 1998:
Last updated April 23, 2000.
[Visit
our friends Colin and Carole and their place in Louisburgh, Co. Mayo.](http://www.thegarfields.com/index.html) |
|
| http://cgim.org/thegarfields/garfieldfamily/ireland98/ |
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<img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/tahoe401.jpg"><p><b>Incline Village - <A Href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/laketahoe.shtml">Lake Tahoe, CA</a> - April 20, 2001</b><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/d27.JPG" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/d17.JPG" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><b><a href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/croatia.shtml"> Dubrovnik, Cavtat & Zagreb, Croatia</a> - May 18 - 26, 2001</b><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/t23.JPG" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/t53.JPG" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><b><a href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/taiwan.shtml"> Taiwan</a> - February 15 - 26, 2001</b><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/gv0.jpg" width="300" height="199" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/br0.jpg" width="300" height="199" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><b><a href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/geneva.shtml"> Geneva Switzerland</a> - <a href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bern.shtml"> Bern Switzerland</a> - <a href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/divonne.shtml"> Divonne France</a> - August 23 - 31, 2002<p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/be0.jpg" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/be2.jpg" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/brussels.shtml"> Brussels, Belgium</a> - September 20 - 27, 2002</b><p> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0001895b.jpg" width="300" height="354" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"> <p><A href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/borrego.shtml">Anza-Borrego Desert State Park</A> May 6, 2000</b><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0002574a.jpg" width="300" height="274" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0002613a.jpg" width="300" height="200" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0002099a.jpg" width="200" height="300" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0002244a.jpg" width="200" height="300" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photo/P0002820a.jpg" width="200" height="300" class="PicBorder" alt="Image with 2 pixel white border"><p><b>Hiroshima, Japan<p>Picture pages from IRPA 10<A Href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan.shtml"> Hiroshima, Miyajima Island, Osaka, Okayama, Kurashiki, Kyoto and Nara</a><br>May 11 - 28, 2000<p>Picture pages from <A Href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan2.shtml"> Tokyo, Kamakura, Sukura, Mito, Oarai</a><br>March 25 - April 4, 2004<p>Picture pages from <A Href="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan3.shtml"> Tokyo and Shibamata Taishaku-ten</a><br>September 25 - October 3, 2004</center></b><p><center><p style="position: absolute; left: -4166px;"><a href="http://atlasspinalcenter.com/">http://atlasspinalcenter.com/</a></p>
<FONT FACE="Brush Script MT"><FONT SIZE="+3">Scroll down for complete International and USA Picture Pages</FONT FACE></Font Size><p><table Border=3 width="60%"height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><center><b><p>dance like no one's watching<p><FONT COLOR="gray">We convince ourselves that life will be better after<br>we get married, have a baby, then another. Then we are<br>frustrated that the kids aren't old enough and we'll <br>be more content when they are. After that, we're <br>frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with. We will<br>certainly be happy when they are out of that stage. <br>We tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our <br>spouse gets his or her act together, when we get a nicer <br>car, are able to go on a nice vacation, when we retire.<br>The truth is, there's no better time to be happy than<br>right now. If not now, when?<p>Your life will always be filled with challenges. It's <br>best to admit this to yourself and decide to be happy <br>anyway. One of my favorite quotes comes from Dr. Marc <br>Barsouna. He said, "For a long time it had seemed to me <br>that life was about to begin - real life. But there<br>was always some obstacle in the way, something to be <br>gotten through first, some unfinished business, time <br>still to be served, or a debt to be paid. Then life<br>would begin. At last it dawned on me that these <br>obstacles were my life".<p>This perspective has helped me to see that there is no <br>way to happiness. Happiness is the way. So, treasure <br>every moment that you have and treasure it more because<br>you shared it with someone special, special enough <br><noscript><a href="http://acupunctureinfertilitycenter.com/">acupunctureinfertilitycenter.com</a></noscript>to spend your time...and remember that time waits for no one.<p>So, stop waiting until you finish school, <br>until you go back to school,<br> until you lose ten pounds, until you gain ten pounds, <br>until you have kids, until your kids leave the house, <br>until you start work, until you retire,<br>until you get married, until you get divorced,<br> until Friday night, until Sunday morning,<br> until you get a new car or home,<br> until your car or home is paid off,<br> until spring, until summer, until fall, until winter, <br>until you are off welfare,<br> until the first or fifteenth,<br> until your song comes on, <br>until you've had a drink, until you've sobered up, <br>until you die, until you are born again<br> to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.<p>Happiness is a journey, not a destination.<br>Thought for the day:<br>Work like you don't need money, <br>Love like you've never been hurt, <br>And dance like no one's watching. <p></B></font></center></tr></table></center></center><p><center><a name="sections"><a href="#dad">In Memory of my Father, Mother and Brother</a></center><p><H2><b><FONT FACE="Brush Script MT" COLOR="Brown"><FONT SIZE="+3">~~ Professional Information ~~</H2></b></FONT FACE></Font Size> <p><center><table Border=3 width="90%" height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><b>On September 30, 2003, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Service was purchased by American Capital Strategies, LTD. A new company, Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc. was formed, integrated into a Division of Mirion Technologies, <a HREF="http://www.mirion.com"> Mirion Technologies, Inc.</A>, December 2005. Prior to being appointed President of the Dosimetry Services Division, May 2007, I held the position of Senior Vice President, Technical Operations. I retired as Division President March 1, 2014 and now consult to the nuclear industry.<p> </b></FONT></B></tr></table></center><p><div style="position:absolute; filter:alpha(opacity=0);opacity:0.004;z-index:9;"><a href="http://noorinfo.com">www.noorinfo.com</a></div>
<center><table Border=3 width="95%" height="60"bgcolor=edf3f3><td><b>I had been employed by Florida Power and Light Company, Nuclear Division, located in Juno Beach, FL., from September 8, 1975 until September 15, 1996, Supervisor Health Physics, Corporate Health Physics Department. You can find some information on all U.S. nuclear facilities</A> by clicking here <a HREF="http://www.nei.org/"> Nuclear Energy Institute</A>.<br><p>My specific accountabilities included the external monitoring program, TLD dosimetry processing lab, the health physics information systems programs (corporate and site), ALARA program (radiation dose reduction program), emergency planning support (Health Physics Manager, providing technical information and briefings to governmental and the media regarding off-site dose projections and associated radiation risks) and radiation protection support to FPL management on regulatory issues, program development and radiation protection assessments, and responsible for tracking the health physics budget, providing O&M cost justification to the State's Public Service Commission on public safety issues.<p>Between 1987 and Dec. 1989, I was the Nuclear Division Lead Quality Facilitator, participating in the development of documentation which led to the awarding of the Deming prize to Florida Power & Light Company in November 1989. Developed the nuclear Quality Management System and associated processes. Coordinated the department's Policy Deployment, Quality In Daily Work, and Team activities. Represented the Nuclear Division on a study mission to Japan to observe quality management processes.</tr></table></center><p><center><table Border=3 width="95%"height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><b>I worked for the State of Florida, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Florida Division of Health, located in Miami, Florida, from Sept. 1971 to Sept. 1975, as Supervisor Radiological Health. I was responsible for the management of the state's inspection program for Radioactive Materials Licenses, Ionizing Radiation Machines, Non-ionizing Radiation Machines, facilities shielding programs, emergency response activities and environmental monitoring (Dade County, Florida).</tr></table></center><p><center><table Border=3 width="95%" height="60"bgcolor=edf3f3><td><p><b> I have been a member of the <A HREF="http://www.hps.org">Health Physics Society</a> since 1973 and was on the Board of Directors (July 2014 through July 2017). In December 2017 I was elected as Secretary-Elect. I was previously the Chair, Standards Committee (July 2003 through July 2011); Currently a voting member ANSI N13, N42 and N43 Committees; previously on the Symposia Committee (July 2000 through July 2003); currently a member ANSI N13.32 Working Group; ANSI N13.11 Working Group; ANSI N13.52 Working Group; previously Chair, Electronic Media Committee (November 2002 - July 2003) and ANSI Accreditation Ad Hoc Committee (July 2003 - July 2004).<p>I am a Deputy Advisor, ISO/TC85/SC2, US Nuclear Technical Advisory Group (NTAG), and member on WG 17 (Radioactivity Measurements) and WG 19 (Dosimeters for external personal dosimetry).<p>
I was a member on the <A HREF="http://www.nei.org">Nuclear Energy Institute</a> Radiation Protection and Recordkeeping Task Force and the Advisory Task Force on Transition to PADS (Personnel Access Database System).<p>I am a past president and executive board member Southern California Chapter, Health Physics Society.<p>I was elected to the Executive Committee, Council on Ionizing Radiation and Measurements <A HREF="http://www.cirms.org/">CIRMS</a> October 2004.<p>I am a consultant with the <A HREF="http://www.nist.gov">National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST)</A> as a Technical Expert, NVLAP Assessor, Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry. Ionizing radiation is defined as radiation sufficiently energetic to dislodge electrons from an atom. Ionizing radiation includes x and gamma radiation, electrons (beta radiation), alpha particles (helium nuclei), and heavier charge atomic nuclei. Neutrons ionize indirectly by colliding with atomic nuclei.<p>I am a member on the NCRP <A HREF="http://www.ncrponline.org">National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements</a> Corporate Sponsor Resources Development Committee.</b></B></tr></table></center><p><p><center><table Border=3 width="38%"height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><center><b><p>ONLY AN OCEAN AWAY<p>Sarah Brightman<br>From her Eden Concert & Album<p><FONT COLOR="gray">I see a shadow<br>every day and night.<br>I walk a hundred streets<br> of neon lights,<br>only when I'm crying.<br>Can you hear me crying.<p>So many times<br>you always wanted more,<br>chasing illusions<br>that you're longing for.<br>Wish I wasn't crying.<br>Can you hear me crying.<p>There's an ocean between us.<br>You know where to find me.<br>You reach out and touch me.<br>I feel you in my own heart.<br>More than a lifetime.<br>Still goes on forever.<br>But it helps to remember<br>you're only an ocean away.<p>Was there a moment<br>when I felt no pain.<br>I want to feel it in my life again.<br>Let it be over now.<br>Oh Oh over now.<br>Cause I remember<br>all the days and nights<br>we used to walk the streets<br>of neon lights<br>Oh I want you here with me.<br>Oh be here with me.<p>There's an ocean between us.<br>You know where to find me.<br>You reach out and touch me.<br>I feel you in my own heart.<br>More than a lifetime<br>still, goes on forever.<br>But I'll always remember<br>you're only an ocean away. <p></font></center></tr></table></center></center><p></center><p></tr></table></center><p><H2><b><FONT FACE="Brush Script MT" COLOR="Brown"><FONT SIZE="+3">~~ Personal Information~~</H2></b></FONT FACE></font size><p><center><table Border=3 width="90%" height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><b>My wife and I lived in <a HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/fhr.shtml"> Foothill Ranch, CA.</a> with our companion, a long haired Peruvian Guinea Pig, named Grayson, a gift given to me on Christmas Eve, 1997 by my wife, during one of her visits to California, prior to her moving here from our home in Florida in December 2000. He was so named since he looks a lot like me, with respect to the beard anyway. The idea was that he would provide companionship, reduce loneliness, reduce stress and be a calming factor. It didn't work! He's very human like, in that unless he needs something, he ignores me, and is quite indifferent. If I am eating something he'll crawl up on my lap to see if there is anything that he wants. Other than that, I might as well be dead, for all he cares. The ultimate irony .. I have to spend an exorbinant amount of time prepping his room and food supply, when I leave on one of my many trips! So much for companionship! The poor chap was sent to FL for safekeeping, September 1999 where he could can play with my son's 2 other Guinea Pigs. Grayson was once again "smuggled" into CA during the December 2000 plane ride!<p>Sad to note that Grayson "passed on" August 1, 2003. Grayson will be missed. We have now adopted a new "piggie" May 2004, another Peruvian Silkie, but reddish brown. She remains without a name, and we simply call her "liitle girl"! Due to significant traveling, we gave the "little girl" to a family who could take care of her.<p>Foothill Ranch is as the name implies, up in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. It borders Mission Viejo, and is within 30 minutes from Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Irvine, San Juan Capistrano and San Clemente. I'm only an hour or so from San Diego or Los Angeles. The area we lived in backs up to the <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml">Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park</a>, where I enjoy hiking whenever I can.
We now live in <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/missionviejo.shtml"> Lake Mission Viejo, CA</a> and <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paintedtrails.shtml"> Mission Viejo Painted Trails</a>.<p>Our older son is an attorney, graduate of the University of North Carolina Law School. Our younger son graduated from Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, with a degree in communications and a degree in political science, and is a Assistant Media Manager with PETA.<p>Since I rarely sleep much, it wouldn't be all that unusual to find me on-line at odd hours in the early morning hours, responding to E-Mails. Our free time is spent either boating, driving down to Dana Point Marina or Laguna Beach, and walking along the coast and cliffs that overlook the Pacific, hiking, driving to the desert or taking 4X4 drives up into the mountains, especially up to <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml"> Santiago Peak</a> (5,760'), which I have pictures in the Whiting Picture Page, located below. I also enjoy distributing nuclear related news to more than 5,000 members currently, and responding to postings. Radsafe has been a tremendous vehicle to impart news and knowledge transfer to the nuclear community, and I have met a significant number of individuals, due to this communication forum.<p>You will note many picture pages below, that chronicle various times within my life over the past 10 years. Buying a digital camera has facilitated timely display of the places I travel to, or, reflect my days of hiking, boating, etc.<p>This Website is a means to express one's self, but as in life, in the bigger scope of things, it is as meaningless and offers only a fleeting look into one's world. The computer emulates life, in that it allows one to create on a whim, as well as to terminate on a whim. </B></tr></table></center><p><center><table Border=3 width="65%" height="60" bgcolor=lavender><td><b>This is a letter of appreciation forwarded to several esteemed Japanese and Taiwanese colleagues on March 6, 2000 after the Tokaimura nuclear accident:<p>Dear sirs:<p>The captioned information was provided by Dr Sandy Perle, Director Technical, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Division, ICN Biomedicals, Inc., USA, for your reference. If you want to know more further details, please contact Dr Perle directly.<p>Meanwhile, we, all the people of Taiwan, would like to express our deepest thanks to Dr Perle's concerning on Tokaimura's nuclear accident problems, etc.<p>With my personal best regards,<p>Yours sincerely,<p>Sam Hsu<br>Secretary General<br>Radiation Safety and Protection Association Taiwan<br>Radiation Victims' Association Taiwan<br>Advisor Radiation Health Care center, Taipei, Taiwan<br>Tel. 001-886-2-2713-6180, Fax. 001-886-2-2719-0266<br>GSM: 0938-216-029<br>Taipei, TAIWAN Email: a6180@ms3.hinet.net<br><p></b></tr></table></center><p><a name="dad"><center><table Border=3 width="93%" height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td><b><center><h2><FONT COLOR="Blue">In memory of my father, mother and brother, unique, caring and loving individuals. Rest peacefully, for you will always be with us</H2></font><p><font color="green"><b>Lester Jacob Perle of North Miami passed away Fri. Oct. 31, 1997. He was born March 28, 1914 in North Bergen, New Jersey. He was a graduate of Rutgers Univ. with a state teachers degree-education, John Marshall Law School-with a LLB degree, and Georgetown School of Foreign Service. He was in the U.S. Army Military Intelligence during W.W.II and was involved in the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bomb mission with the U.S. Intelligence. He also practiced law for the U.S. Federal Gov't., taught college mathematics and was a builder developer in Ft. Lauderdale, Pompano Beach and Puerto Rico. He sold his construction business in 1972 to Pulte Homes which was the second largest builder in the U.S. and stayed on as President for 13 years then opened his own building and development company until he retired in 1993. He is survived by his wife Bobby Perle, children Sandy (Nancy) Perle, Hank (Andrea) Perle, Andy Perle, Eric (Holly) Perle. Grandchildren Scott (Pamela) Perle, David Perle, Garrett Perle, Jonathan Perle, Meagan Perle, and Chad Perle. Sisters Anne Perle Silik and Betty Perle.<p> Roberta Collier Perle, 85 of Hollywood, FL, passed away July 11, 2012, born Paterson, NJ April 18, 1927, moved to Miami Beach as a child. She graduated from the University of Miami with degrees in English and Journalism, attended The University of Alabama and college in Mexico. Very charitable, she was a key member of the Deed Club that funded the University of Miami Children Cancer Clinic, Papanicolaou Cancer Institute, ORT, Miami Beach Garden Club and many more. Bobby was an avid world traveler, accomplished artist and author "A Dream Denied, a Promise Kept". Bobby was preceded in death by her beloved husband Lester of 50 years. Sons Sandy (Nancy), Hank (deceased), Andy (Maria), grandchildren Scott, David, Garrett, great-grandson Stephen, sister Enid (Don) Busch, sister-in-law Betty Perle<p> Henry Kevin Perle, 61 of Miami, FL, passed away July 14, 2012, born June 5, 1951 Miami Beach. Hank was a UM radio DJ, concert promoter and businessman, kind hearted caregiver for dogs and cats, loved and admired by all who knew him. Survived by brothers Sandy (Nancy), Andy (Maria), stepsons Carlos, Kenneth, nephews Scott, David, Garrett, great-nephew Stephen, aunts Betty Perle, Enid (Don) Busch<hr></tr></center></table></font><p><center> <center>
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<table Border=3 width="85%" height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td align="center" colspan="1" width="70%" bgcolor="#000080" height="24"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"><strong>International Picture Pages</strong></font></td> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/budapest.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Budapest, Hungary (and surrounding area), August 18 - 29, 1999</TD></TR> <TR><td><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/greenland.shtml"> Picture Page</a> Greenland (aerial views), September 8, 2000 </TD></TR><TR><td><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/helsinki.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Helsinki, Finland, August 31 - September 8,2000</TD></TR><TR><td><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/porvoo.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Porvoo, Finland, September 4, 2000</TD></TR><TR><td><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/estonia.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Tallinn, Estonia, September 7, 2000</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/taiwan.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Taiwan, February 15 - 26, 2001</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/croatia.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dubrovnik, Cavtat & Zagreb, Croatia, May 18 - 26, 2001</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bern.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Bern, Switzerland - August 29, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/geneva.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Geneva, Switzerland - August 23 - 31, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/divonne.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Divonne, France - August 27, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Japan - Hiroshima, Miyajima Island, Osaka, Okayama, Kurashiki, Kyoto, Nara, May 11 - 28, 2000</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Japan - Tokyo, Kamakura, Sukura, Mito, Orari, March 25 - April 4, 2004 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Japan - Tokyo, Shibamata Taishaku-ten - September 25 - October 3, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/brussels.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Brussels, Belgium - September 20 - 27, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/venice.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Venice, Italy - October 19, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/capri.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Capri, Italy - October 22, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/stressa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Stressa, Isola Bella, Lake Maggiore, Italy - October 17 - 18, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/florence.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Florence, Italy, October 5 - 12 & 14 - 16, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/pisa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sorrento and Pisa, Italy - October 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/vatican.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Vatican, Italy, October 11 - 14 & 24 - 27, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/rome.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Rome, Italy, October 11 - 14 & 24 - 27, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/pompei.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Pompei, Italy, October 21, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/verona.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Verona, Italy, October 18, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lugano.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lugano, Switzerland, October 18, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/assisi.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Assisi, Italy October 20, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cassino.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Cassino, Italy October 23, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/milan.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Milan, Italy October 4 - 5, 16, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/genoa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Genoa, Italy October 16, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/italycountryside.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Italian Countryside, Italy October 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bc.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Kootenay Bay, British Columbia, June 7, 2003 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/victoria.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Victoria, British Columbia, September 2 - 7, 2003 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cagardens.shtml"> Picture Page</A> British Columbia, September 2 - 7, 2003 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/vci.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sooke, Nainamo, Courtenay, Duncan, Chemainus BC - September 2 - 7, 2003</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/manchester.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Manchester, UK - April 7 - 9, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/madrid.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Madrid, Spain, IRPA11 - May 22 - 29, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/canada.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Canadian Rockies, Banff, Lake Louise, Calgary, Waterton Park, Alberta, Canada - June 15 - 19, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/belgrade.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Belgrade, Serbia - September 15 - 16, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/krakow.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Krakow, Poland - September 13 - 14, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/munich.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Munich, Germany - September 13, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/frankfurt.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Frankfurt, Germany - September 17, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lamanon.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lamanon and Marseilles France - September 15 - 16, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bratislava.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Bratislava, Slovakia - April 15, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/salzburg.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Salzburg, Austria - April 16 - 20, 2005</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/viesal.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Austria Countryside, Vienna to Salzburg - April 16 & 20, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/fuschl.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Fuschl am See, Austria - April 17, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/vienna.shtml"> Picture Page</A> IM 2005 Meeting - Vienna, Austria - April 5 - 16, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Paris, France - October 2 - 7, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris1.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Paris, France - January 16 - 17, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Paris, France - May 12 - 22, 2006 (Group 1) </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Paris, France - May 12 - 22, 2006 (Group 2) </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/versailles.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Chateau de Versailles, France - May 13, 2006</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/avignon.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Avignon, France - October 15 - 19, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/prague.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Prague, Czech Republic - October 20 - 22, 2006 - Group 1</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/prague2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Prague, Czech Republic - October 20 - 22, 2006 - Group 2</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Oahu, Hawaii - March 8 - 14, 2007 (USA included in International page listing)</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hawaii.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Big Island, Hawaii - March 14 - 19, 2007 (USA included in International page listing</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/goteborg.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Goteborg, Sweden, September 14 - 16, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/estro.shtml"> Picture Page</A> ESTRO, Goteborg, Sweden, September 14 - 16, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/london.shtml"> Picture Page</A> London, UK, September 17, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/irpa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> IRPA 12, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 19 - 24, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/buenosaires.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 18 - 25, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/turku.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Turku, Finland, May 25 - 28, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/athpro.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Athen's Greece - Protest and Riots, March 11, 2010</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/athens.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Athen's Greece - March 6 - 12, 2010</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/barcelona.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Barcelona, Spain - May 29 - 30, 2010</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/uae.shtml"> Picture Page</A>United Arab Emirates, Page 1, March 12 - 16, 2011</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/uaev.shtml"> Picture Page</A> United Arab Emirates, Page 2, March 12 - 16, 2011</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/munich.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Munich, Germany (including Oktoberfest, September 25 - 30, 2011</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/australia.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sydney & Melbourne, Australia, October 14 - 20, 2011</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/istanbul.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Istanbul, Turkey, January 27 - 31, 2012</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/mosque.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Abu Dhabi, January 20 - 27, 2012</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/australia2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia, October 7 - 18, 2012</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/auckland.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Auckland, NZ and Triathalon Championship, October 18 - 21, 2012</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/inverness.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Inverness, Scotland, November 10 - 16, 2012</TD></TR>
</TR></TD></TABLE><p><table Border=3 width="85%" height="60" bgcolor=edf3f3><td align="center" colspan="1" width="70%" bgcolor="#000080" height="24"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"><strong>USA Picture Pages</strong></font></td> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/fhr.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Foothill Ranch, California </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/borrego.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Anza-Borrego Desert State Park May 6, 2000 California</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/chicago.shtml"> Picture Page</A> World Congress on Medical Physics, Chicago, IL. July 2000</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/nei.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Diego, CA - NEI Health Physics Forum - August 2000</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/boston.shtml"> Picture Page</A> National Dosimetry Conference, Boston, MA., August 2000 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dana Point Harbor & Marina area California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/picture.shtml"> Picture Page</A> various pictures from my life - 1993-2004</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Hiking Holy Jim Falls, Whiting Ranch, Silverado & Modjeska Canyon California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/arizona.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Canyon & Sedona, AZ, May 24 - 27, 1999</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanantonio.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Antonio, TX, May, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/kern.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Kern River area and San Francisco California</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cleveland.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society - Cleveland, OH June 8 - 14, 2001</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/arizona1.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Northern Arizona (Four Corners) - Canyon De Chelly, the Painted Desert, Montezuma's Castle</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lagunabeach.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Laguna Beach California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/orlando.shtml"> Picture Page</A> HPS Meeting Orlando, FL February 16 - 20, 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/deathvalley.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Death Valley National Park CA & Red Rocks, NV</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/california.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Solvang, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Lompoc, Los Olivos, CA March 2002 Sights and Colors</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/dc.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Washington, DC - Sights and Colors - April 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/laketahoe.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lake Tahoe California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/virginiacity.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Virginia City, NV - May 2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/idaho.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Idaho, October 2001</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/rockwood.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Hiking at Rockwood Ranch, Escondido California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/vb.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Panasonic Symposium - Va Beach, VA, June 2 - 7,2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cw.shtml"> Picture Page</A> MGP Users Meeting - Clearwater Beach, FL, June 11 - 14,2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/tampa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society - Tampa, FL, June 15 - 20,2002</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/blackstar.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Black Star Canyon, CA March 9, 2003</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/west.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Montana, Utah, Idaho - April 18 - 27, 2003 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/yellowstone.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Yellowstone National Park - April 18 - 21, 2003 & June 5, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/whitewater.shtml"> Picture Page</A> White Water Rafting, Moyie River, NW Idaho, June 3, 2003 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cda.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Coeur D'Alene, ID Dosimetry Symposium, May 31 - June 7, 2003 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/santabarbara.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Santa Barbara, Mission, Pier and 60's style Lovefest, California - June 28, 2003</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/santamonica.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Santa Monica Pier California</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Diego, CA - Health Physics Society - July 19 - 24, 2003</TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lajolla.shtml"> Picture Page</A> La Jolla and Coronado, CA - Health Physics Society - July 21 & 23, 2003 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cannonbeach.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Cannon Beach & Hug Point Oregon, September 11 - 13, 2003 </TD></TR><TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/ranier.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mt. Ranier, Washington, August 30 - September 1, 2003 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/captiva.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Captiva Island, FL September 2003 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/balboa.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Balboa Island, Balboa Peninsula, Newport Beach California</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, CA January 1 - 4, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/neworleans.shtml"> Picture Page</A> New Orleans, LA January 10 - 13, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/augusta.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society Meeting, Augusta, GA, February 6 - 12, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, CA February 13 - 16, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/pioneertown.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Pioneertown (Yucca Valley) CA February 16, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/catalina.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Avalon, Catalina Island, CA February 28 - 29, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/disney.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Disney World Orlando, FL, April 15 - 25, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cacoast.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Simeon, Big Sur Coast, Monterey, Pebble Beach, Cambria, CA May 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/ptlobos.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Pt. Lobos State Park California</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sfo.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Francisco, Coit Tower Murals,Sausalito and Madrona Manor, Healdsburg, CA May 1 - 8, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bigsky.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Big Sky, MT - Dosimetry Symposium - June 6 - 12, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/glacier.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Glacier National Park, MT (includes Grizzly and Black bears) - June 12 - 15, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/newhaven.shtml"> Picture Page</A> New Haven, CT - Yale University (SSD14) - June 25 - July 2, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/mysticseaport.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mystic Seaport, CT(SSD14) - June 29, 2004 <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/washhps.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society Meeting, Washington, DC - July 9 - 16, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/mountvernon.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon, VA - July 15, 2004 <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/thermo.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Thermo Electron Users Meeting, Atlanta, GA - August 8 - 12, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanjuan.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission San Juan Capistrano Concert, San Juan Capistrano, CA - August 29, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/taliesen.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Taliesen West, Scottsdale, AZ</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/wastate.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Washington State - January 2001</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/silver.shtml"> Picture Page</A> 4-Wheel Driving, Santa Ana Mountains - Silverado and Modjeska Canyon</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/teton.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Tetons, Jackson Hole, Wyoming</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/jamestown.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Jamestown Settlement & Smithfield, Virginia</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanjuan1.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano, CA - December 18, 2004</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, CA - December 25 - 27, 2004 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Balboa Park, San Diego, CA - January 15, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/longbeach.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dosimetry & National Records Task Force Meeting - Long Beach, CA - January 23 - 25, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bremerton.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Port Townsend, Bremerton, Seabeck Harbor, Seattle, WA - January 29 - February 3, 2005</TD></TR> <TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/neworleans2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> New Orleans, LA - Health Physics Society Meeting - February 12 - 16, 2005</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/temecula.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Temecula, CA Wine Country - May 8, 2005</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/carlsbad.shtml"> Picture Page</A> The flower fields - Carlsbad California</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/traversecity.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Traverse City, Michigan - International Dosimetry Symposium and Records Conference - June 3 - 12, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/mackinacisland.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mackinac Island, Michigan - June 11, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/westbay.shtml"> Picture Page</A> West Bay Peninsula, Michigan - June 4 - 5, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/torreypines.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lodge at Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California - June 15 - 16, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/disneyland.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Disneyland, Anaheim, California - June 21, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakearrowhead.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lake Arrowhead, California - June 23, 2005 & February 2, 2002 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/usair.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Stephen - USAir cockpit - June 18, 2005</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/caladventure.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Disneyland California Adventure, Anaheim, California - June 29, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/rsm.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Rancho Santa Margarita, California - July 2, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/spokane.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Spokane, Washington, Health Physics Society Meeting, July 9 - 14, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/nixon.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Birth Place, Yorba Linda, California - July 17, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/paintedtrails.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Painted Trails, Mission Viejo, California - July 30, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanluisrey.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, California - November 23, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dosimetry & National Records Task Force Meeting - San Diego, CA - December 10 - 14, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/quailgardens.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Quail Botanical Gardens - Encinitas, CA - December 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree4.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park - December 23 - 25, 2005 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/apachetrail.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Apache Trail, Arizona - January 22, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/desertgardens.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Desert Botanical Gardens, Phoenix, Arizona - January 23, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpsaz.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society, Scottsdale, Arizona - January 22 - 25, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/wupatki.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Wupatki Ruins National Monument, Flagstaff, Arizona - January 29, 2006</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sunsetcrater.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sunset Crater Volcano National Park, Flagstaff, Arizona - January 29, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/canyondechelly.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Canyon De Chelly, Four Corners, Arizona - January 27 - 28, 2006 </TD></TR> </TR></TD> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/painteddesert.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Painted Desert and Petrified Forest, Arizona - January 26 - 27, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hsj.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Historic San Juan Capistrano, CA - February 12, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/palmspringsaerial.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Palm Springs, CA Aerial Tram - Mount San Jacinto State Park and Wilderness - February 21, 2006</TD></TR><TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree5.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park - February 19 - 20, 2006</TD></TR><TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/julian.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Julian, CA - February 25, 2006</TD></TR><TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/miami.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Miami Beach, Miami & Ft. Lauderdale, Florida </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/dcf.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dade County Youth Fair & Exposition, Miami, Florida</TD></TR> </TR></TD> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/ct.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Groton and Stonington, Connecticut</TD></TR> </TR></TD> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cn.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Essex and Mystic Seaport, Connecticut</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lagunabeach2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Laguna Beach, California May 2006</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sunriver.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Sun River, Oregon - International Dosimetry Symposium and Records Conference - June 3 - 10, 2006</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/craterlake.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Crater Lake, Oregon June 10, 2006</TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lava.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lava Beds National Monument & Tulelake Wildlife Refuge June 11, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/oregon.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Touring through Oregon, June 11 - 18, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/whitewaterbend.shtml"> Picture Page</A> White Water Rafting, Bend, Oregon</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/providence.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society Meeting - Providence, RI, June 24 - 29, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cw1.shtml"> Picture Page</A> SynOdys User Meeting, Clearwater Beach, Florida, July 15 - 21, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/nei2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> NEI Health Physics Forum, Rancho Bernardo, California, July 25 - 26, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/aug06.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dana Point, Balboa Island, Balboa, San Diego Zoo, California, August 6 - 11, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/stregis.shtml"> Picture Page</A> St. Regis Resort, Dana Point, California, August 29 - 30, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/crystalcove.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Crystal Cove State Park, Newport Coast, California, September 4, 2006 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/tallships.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Tall Ships - Parrots & Pirates Festival, Dana Point, California, September 10, 2006 </TD></TR> <TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/encinitas.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Wavecrest Woodie Meet - Encinitas, California, September 16, 2006</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/yosemite.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Yosemite National Park, California, October, 2006 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/mammoth.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mammoth Lakes, California, October, 2006 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission Inn & Christmas Displays - Riverside, California, December, 2006 </TD></TR><TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/huntington.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens - San Marino, California, December, 2006 </TD></TR><TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/silver.shtml"> Picture Page</A> 4-Wheel Driving, Santa Ana Mountains - Silverado and Modjeska Canyon, updated January 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/morongo.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Big Morongo Canyon Preserve, January 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree6.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, California, November, 2006 and January 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dana Point, California, March 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Oahu, Hawaii - March 8 - 14, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD><img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"><A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hawaii.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Big Island, Hawaii - March 14 - 19, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/bryce.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Bryce Canyon National Park, Bryce, Utah, May 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/zion.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Zion National Park, Utah, May 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/arches.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Arches National Park, Utah, May 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/monument.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Monument Valley, Natural Bridges and Canyonlands, Utah, May 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/maine.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dosimetry Symposium, Portland, Maine, June, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/july4.shtml"> Picture Page</A> July 4th Holiday PicNic Painted Trails, Mission Viejo, CA, July 4, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/portland.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Portland, Oregon, July 7 - 12, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/marco.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Miami & Marco Island, FL, August 4 - 7, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/badlands.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Badlands Park, Laguna Niguel, CA, September 9, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sav.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Savannah & Tybee Island, Georgia, September 23 - 26, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sdmission.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcala, San Diego, October 5, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/fire.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Santiago, Modjeska, Silverado Canyon Wild Fires, October 24 - 28, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakearrowhead.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lake Arrowhead, California -November 10, 2007</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree7.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, California - December 22 - 25, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/knottsberry.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Knotts Berry Farm, Buena Park, California - December 31, 2007 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/brycewinter.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah - February 26, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/zionw.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Zion National Park, Utah - February 23 - 25, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/escalante.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Staircase Escalante, Utah - February 27, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lafayette.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lafayette, California - May 5 - 8, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton1.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 1 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 2 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 3 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/yellowstone2.shtml"> Picture Page</A>Yellowstone National Park - May 28 - 31, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Dana Point Harbor 4th of July Celebration - July 4, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/pitthps.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Health Physics Society Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA - July 14 - 16, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/wap.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Diego Wild Animal Park - July 20, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/dpjuly.shtml"> Picture Page</A> 3 Generations boating Dana Point, California - July 21, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpd.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mirion Technologies Health Physics Division Conference - Marco Island, FL, August 4 - 8, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/everglades.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Everglades National Park, FL, August 8, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/tallships2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Toshiba Tall Ships Festival, Dana Point, CA, September 6 - 7, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/encinitas2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Wavecrest Woodie Meet, Encinitas, CA, September 20, 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/missionviejo.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lake Mission Viejo - Mission Viejo, CA</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanclemente.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Casa Romantica and San Clemente Pier - San Clemente, CA</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakelure.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Lake Lure & Chimney Rock, North Carolina, November 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/charlotte.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Charlotte Museum and Stephen's Karate - Charlotte, North Carolina, November 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission Inn, Riverside, CA - December 2008</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree8.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park - December 26 - 28, 2008 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/gettyvilla.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA - January 11, 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/zion3.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Zion National Park Park - Utah, February 20 - 24, 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/voffire.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Valley of Fire State Park - Overton, NV, February 24, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/calico.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Calico Ghost Town, Yermo, CA, February 25, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/sddos.shtml"> Picture Page</A> International Dosimetry and Records Symposium, San Diego, CA, May 31 - June 4, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/ccmay.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Central California Coast, Page 1, May 10 - 15, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/ccmay2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Central California Coast, Page 2, May 10 - 15, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpdug.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mirion Technologies HP Division User Group Meeting, Marco Island, FL, July 27 - 31, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/satal.shtml"> Picture Page</A> San Antonio, Texas, September 17, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/dcem.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Washington, DC, September 13, 2009</TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Oahu, Hawaii, September 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/dc3.shtml"> Picture Page</A>Washington, DC, October 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/kingsmtn.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Kings Mountain National Military Park, South Carolina, November 27, 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn2.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Mission Inn Christmas Lights, Riverside, California, December 19, 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree9.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Joshua Tree National Park, Twentynine Palms, California, December 24 - 27, 2009 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/cook.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Cooks Corner Biker Bar and Grill, Santiago Canyon, California, January 10, 2010 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/antelope.shtml"> Picture Page</A>Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve, Lancaster, California, April 17 - 18, 2010 </TD></TR>
<TR><TD> <img src="http://www.sandy-travels.com/photos/grdia.gif"> <A HREF="http://www.sandy-travels.com/redrocks.shtml"> Picture Page</A> Red Rocks California State Park, Mojave, California, April 17, 2010 </TD></TR>
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Welcome to
Where you can taste the delicacies of photos from around the world, visiting exciting locations through my eyes, and, learn about health physics and radiation protection. Enjoy your visit and the experience!! 
 **Picture from Global Dosimetry Solutions website, July 2004**
**Incline Village - [Lake Tahoe, CA](http://www.sandy-travels.com/laketahoe.shtml) - April 20, 2001** **[Dubrovnik, Cavtat & Zagreb, Croatia](http://www.sandy-travels.com/croatia.shtml) - May 18 - 26, 2001** **[Taiwan](http://www.sandy-travels.com/taiwan.shtml) - February 15 - 26, 2001** **[Geneva Switzerland](http://www.sandy-travels.com/geneva.shtml) - [Bern Switzerland](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bern.shtml) - [Divonne France](http://www.sandy-travels.com/divonne.shtml) - August 23 - 31, 2002 [Brussels, Belgium](http://www.sandy-travels.com/brussels.shtml) - September 20 - 27, 2002**  [Anza-Borrego Desert State Park](http://www.sandy-travels.com/borrego.shtml) May 6, 2000**Hiroshima, JapanPicture pages from IRPA 10 [Hiroshima, Miyajima Island, Osaka, Okayama, Kurashiki, Kyoto and Nara](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan.shtml)
May 11 - 28, 2000Picture pages from [Tokyo, Kamakura, Sukura, Mito, Oarai](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan2.shtml)
March 25 - April 4, 2004Picture pages from [Tokyo and Shibamata Taishaku-ten](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan3.shtml)
September 25 - October 3, 2004**
<http://atlasspinalcenter.com/>
Scroll down for complete International and USA Picture Pages
**dance like no one's watchingWe convince ourselves that life will be better afterwe get married, have a baby, then another. Then we arefrustrated that the kids aren't old enough and we'll be more content when they are. After that, we're frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with. We willcertainly be happy when they are out of that stage. We tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse gets his or her act together, when we get a nicer car, are able to go on a nice vacation, when we retire.The truth is, there's no better time to be happy thanright now. If not now, when?Your life will always be filled with challenges. It's best to admit this to yourself and decide to be happy anyway. One of my favorite quotes comes from Dr. Marc Barsouna. He said, "For a long time it had seemed to me that life was about to begin - real life. But therewas always some obstacle in the way, something to be gotten through first, some unfinished business, time still to be served, or a debt to be paid. Then lifewould begin. At last it dawned on me that these obstacles were my life".This perspective has helped me to see that there is no way to happiness. Happiness is the way. So, treasure every moment that you have and treasure it more becauseyou shared it with someone special, special enough [acupunctureinfertilitycenter.com](http://acupunctureinfertilitycenter.com/)to spend your time...and remember that time waits for no one.So, stop waiting until you finish school, until you go back to school, until you lose ten pounds, until you gain ten pounds, until you have kids, until your kids leave the house, until you start work, until you retire,until you get married, until you get divorced, until Friday night, until Sunday morning, until you get a new car or home, until your car or home is paid off, until spring, until summer, until fall, until winter, until you are off welfare, until the first or fifteenth, until your song comes on, until you've had a drink, until you've sobered up, until you die, until you are born again to decide that there is no better time than right now to be happy.Happiness is a journey, not a destination.Thought for the day:Work like you don't need money, Love like you've never been hurt, And dance like no one's watching.** |
[In Memory of my Father, Mother and Brother](#dad)## **~~ Professional Information ~~**
**On September 30, 2003, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Service was purchased by American Capital Strategies, LTD. A new company, Global Dosimetry Solutions, Inc. was formed, integrated into a Division of Mirion Technologies, [Mirion Technologies, Inc.](http://www.mirion.com), December 2005. Prior to being appointed President of the Dosimetry Services Division, May 2007, I held the position of Senior Vice President, Technical Operations. I retired as Division President March 1, 2014 and now consult to the nuclear industry.** |
[www.noorinfo.com](http://noorinfo.com)
**I had been employed by Florida Power and Light Company, Nuclear Division, located in Juno Beach, FL., from September 8, 1975 until September 15, 1996, Supervisor Health Physics, Corporate Health Physics Department. You can find some information on all U.S. nuclear facilities by clicking here [Nuclear Energy Institute](http://www.nei.org/).My specific accountabilities included the external monitoring program, TLD dosimetry processing lab, the health physics information systems programs (corporate and site), ALARA program (radiation dose reduction program), emergency planning support (Health Physics Manager, providing technical information and briefings to governmental and the media regarding off-site dose projections and associated radiation risks) and radiation protection support to FPL management on regulatory issues, program development and radiation protection assessments, and responsible for tracking the health physics budget, providing O&M cost justification to the State's Public Service Commission on public safety issues.Between 1987 and Dec. 1989, I was the Nuclear Division Lead Quality Facilitator, participating in the development of documentation which led to the awarding of the Deming prize to Florida Power & Light Company in November 1989. Developed the nuclear Quality Management System and associated processes. Coordinated the department's Policy Deployment, Quality In Daily Work, and Team activities. Represented the Nuclear Division on a study mission to Japan to observe quality management processes.** |
**I worked for the State of Florida, Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services, Florida Division of Health, located in Miami, Florida, from Sept. 1971 to Sept. 1975, as Supervisor Radiological Health. I was responsible for the management of the state's inspection program for Radioactive Materials Licenses, Ionizing Radiation Machines, Non-ionizing Radiation Machines, facilities shielding programs, emergency response activities and environmental monitoring (Dade County, Florida).** |
**I have been a member of the [Health Physics Society](http://www.hps.org) since 1973 and was on the Board of Directors (July 2014 through July 2017). In December 2017 I was elected as Secretary-Elect. I was previously the Chair, Standards Committee (July 2003 through July 2011); Currently a voting member ANSI N13, N42 and N43 Committees; previously on the Symposia Committee (July 2000 through July 2003); currently a member ANSI N13.32 Working Group; ANSI N13.11 Working Group; ANSI N13.52 Working Group; previously Chair, Electronic Media Committee (November 2002 - July 2003) and ANSI Accreditation Ad Hoc Committee (July 2003 - July 2004).I am a Deputy Advisor, ISO/TC85/SC2, US Nuclear Technical Advisory Group (NTAG), and member on WG 17 (Radioactivity Measurements) and WG 19 (Dosimeters for external personal dosimetry).
I was a member on the [Nuclear Energy Institute](http://www.nei.org) Radiation Protection and Recordkeeping Task Force and the Advisory Task Force on Transition to PADS (Personnel Access Database System).I am a past president and executive board member Southern California Chapter, Health Physics Society.I was elected to the Executive Committee, Council on Ionizing Radiation and Measurements [CIRMS](http://www.cirms.org/) October 2004.I am a consultant with the [National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST)](http://www.nist.gov) as a Technical Expert, NVLAP Assessor, Ionizing Radiation Dosimetry. Ionizing radiation is defined as radiation sufficiently energetic to dislodge electrons from an atom. Ionizing radiation includes x and gamma radiation, electrons (beta radiation), alpha particles (helium nuclei), and heavier charge atomic nuclei. Neutrons ionize indirectly by colliding with atomic nuclei.I am a member on the NCRP [National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements](http://www.ncrponline.org) Corporate Sponsor Resources Development Committee.** |
**ONLY AN OCEAN AWAYSarah BrightmanFrom her Eden Concert & AlbumI see a shadowevery day and night.I walk a hundred streets of neon lights,only when I'm crying.Can you hear me crying.So many timesyou always wanted more,chasing illusionsthat you're longing for.Wish I wasn't crying.Can you hear me crying.There's an ocean between us.You know where to find me.You reach out and touch me.I feel you in my own heart.More than a lifetime.Still goes on forever.But it helps to rememberyou're only an ocean away.Was there a momentwhen I felt no pain.I want to feel it in my life again.Let it be over now.Oh Oh over now.Cause I rememberall the days and nightswe used to walk the streetsof neon lightsOh I want you here with me.Oh be here with me.There's an ocean between us.You know where to find me.You reach out and touch me.I feel you in my own heart.More than a lifetimestill, goes on forever.But I'll always rememberyou're only an ocean away.** |
## **~~ Personal Information~~**
**My wife and I lived in [Foothill Ranch, CA.](http://www.sandy-travels.com/fhr.shtml) with our companion, a long haired Peruvian Guinea Pig, named Grayson, a gift given to me on Christmas Eve, 1997 by my wife, during one of her visits to California, prior to her moving here from our home in Florida in December 2000. He was so named since he looks a lot like me, with respect to the beard anyway. The idea was that he would provide companionship, reduce loneliness, reduce stress and be a calming factor. It didn't work! He's very human like, in that unless he needs something, he ignores me, and is quite indifferent. If I am eating something he'll crawl up on my lap to see if there is anything that he wants. Other than that, I might as well be dead, for all he cares. The ultimate irony .. I have to spend an exorbinant amount of time prepping his room and food supply, when I leave on one of my many trips! So much for companionship! The poor chap was sent to FL for safekeeping, September 1999 where he could can play with my son's 2 other Guinea Pigs. Grayson was once again "smuggled" into CA during the December 2000 plane ride!Sad to note that Grayson "passed on" August 1, 2003. Grayson will be missed. We have now adopted a new "piggie" May 2004, another Peruvian Silkie, but reddish brown. She remains without a name, and we simply call her "liitle girl"! Due to significant traveling, we gave the "little girl" to a family who could take care of her.Foothill Ranch is as the name implies, up in the foothills of the Santa Ana Mountains. It borders Mission Viejo, and is within 30 minutes from Newport Beach, Laguna Beach, Irvine, San Juan Capistrano and San Clemente. I'm only an hour or so from San Diego or Los Angeles. The area we lived in backs up to the [Whiting Ranch Wilderness Park](http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml), where I enjoy hiking whenever I can.
We now live in [Lake Mission Viejo, CA](http://www.sandy-travels.com/missionviejo.shtml) and [Mission Viejo Painted Trails](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paintedtrails.shtml).Our older son is an attorney, graduate of the University of North Carolina Law School. Our younger son graduated from Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, with a degree in communications and a degree in political science, and is a Assistant Media Manager with PETA.Since I rarely sleep much, it wouldn't be all that unusual to find me on-line at odd hours in the early morning hours, responding to E-Mails. Our free time is spent either boating, driving down to Dana Point Marina or Laguna Beach, and walking along the coast and cliffs that overlook the Pacific, hiking, driving to the desert or taking 4X4 drives up into the mountains, especially up to [Santiago Peak](http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml) (5,760'), which I have pictures in the Whiting Picture Page, located below. I also enjoy distributing nuclear related news to more than 5,000 members currently, and responding to postings. Radsafe has been a tremendous vehicle to impart news and knowledge transfer to the nuclear community, and I have met a significant number of individuals, due to this communication forum.You will note many picture pages below, that chronicle various times within my life over the past 10 years. Buying a digital camera has facilitated timely display of the places I travel to, or, reflect my days of hiking, boating, etc.This Website is a means to express one's self, but as in life, in the bigger scope of things, it is as meaningless and offers only a fleeting look into one's world. The computer emulates life, in that it allows one to create on a whim, as well as to terminate on a whim.** |
**This is a letter of appreciation forwarded to several esteemed Japanese and Taiwanese colleagues on March 6, 2000 after the Tokaimura nuclear accident:Dear sirs:The captioned information was provided by Dr Sandy Perle, Director Technical, ICN Worldwide Dosimetry Division, ICN Biomedicals, Inc., USA, for your reference. If you want to know more further details, please contact Dr Perle directly.Meanwhile, we, all the people of Taiwan, would like to express our deepest thanks to Dr Perle's concerning on Tokaimura's nuclear accident problems, etc.With my personal best regards,Yours sincerely,Sam HsuSecretary GeneralRadiation Safety and Protection Association TaiwanRadiation Victims' Association TaiwanAdvisor Radiation Health Care center, Taipei, TaiwanTel. 001-886-2-2713-6180, Fax. 001-886-2-2719-0266GSM: 0938-216-029Taipei, TAIWAN Email: a6180@ms3.hinet.net** |
**In memory of my father, mother and brother, unique, caring and loving individuals. Rest peacefully, for you will always be with us**Lester Jacob Perle of North Miami passed away Fri. Oct. 31, 1997. He was born March 28, 1914 in North Bergen, New Jersey. He was a graduate of Rutgers Univ. with a state teachers degree-education, John Marshall Law School-with a LLB degree, and Georgetown School of Foreign Service. He was in the U.S. Army Military Intelligence during W.W.II and was involved in the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bomb mission with the U.S. Intelligence. He also practiced law for the U.S. Federal Gov't., taught college mathematics and was a builder developer in Ft. Lauderdale, Pompano Beach and Puerto Rico. He sold his construction business in 1972 to Pulte Homes which was the second largest builder in the U.S. and stayed on as President for 13 years then opened his own building and development company until he retired in 1993. He is survived by his wife Bobby Perle, children Sandy (Nancy) Perle, Hank (Andrea) Perle, Andy Perle, Eric (Holly) Perle. Grandchildren Scott (Pamela) Perle, David Perle, Garrett Perle, Jonathan Perle, Meagan Perle, and Chad Perle. Sisters Anne Perle Silik and Betty Perle. Roberta Collier Perle, 85 of Hollywood, FL, passed away July 11, 2012, born Paterson, NJ April 18, 1927, moved to Miami Beach as a child. She graduated from the University of Miami with degrees in English and Journalism, attended The University of Alabama and college in Mexico. Very charitable, she was a key member of the Deed Club that funded the University of Miami Children Cancer Clinic, Papanicolaou Cancer Institute, ORT, Miami Beach Garden Club and many more. Bobby was an avid world traveler, accomplished artist and author "A Dream Denied, a Promise Kept". Bobby was preceded in death by her beloved husband Lester of 50 years. Sons Sandy (Nancy), Hank (deceased), Andy (Maria), grandchildren Scott, David, Garrett, great-grandson Stephen, sister Enid (Don) Busch, sister-in-law Betty Perle Henry Kevin Perle, 61 of Miami, FL, passed away July 14, 2012, born June 5, 1951 Miami Beach. Hank was a UM radio DJ, concert promoter and businessman, kind hearted caregiver for dogs and cats, loved and admired by all who knew him. Survived by brothers Sandy (Nancy), Andy (Maria), stepsons Carlos, Kenneth, nephews Scott, David, Garrett, great-nephew Stephen, aunts Betty Perle, Enid (Don) Busch
---**** |
## [Please visit my fine art photography websites, Imagekind and Zazzle, for beautiful framed and matted prints, apparel and mugs through collaboration with New York artist Gregory Gallo](http://www.imagekind.com/artists/sandytravel/Sandytravel/fine-art-prints)
[](http://sandytravel.imagekind.com/Sandytravel)
#
**International Picture Pages** || [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/budapest.shtml) Budapest, Hungary (and surrounding area), August 18 - 29, 1999 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/greenland.shtml) Greenland (aerial views), September 8, 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/helsinki.shtml) Helsinki, Finland, August 31 - September 8,2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/porvoo.shtml) Porvoo, Finland, September 4, 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/estonia.shtml) Tallinn, Estonia, September 7, 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/taiwan.shtml) Taiwan, February 15 - 26, 2001 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/croatia.shtml) Dubrovnik, Cavtat & Zagreb, Croatia, May 18 - 26, 2001 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bern.shtml) Bern, Switzerland - August 29, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/geneva.shtml) Geneva, Switzerland - August 23 - 31, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/divonne.shtml) Divonne, France - August 27, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan.shtml) Japan - Hiroshima, Miyajima Island, Osaka, Okayama, Kurashiki, Kyoto, Nara, May 11 - 28, 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan2.shtml) Japan - Tokyo, Kamakura, Sukura, Mito, Orari, March 25 - April 4, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/japan3.shtml) Japan - Tokyo, Shibamata Taishaku-ten - September 25 - October 3, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/brussels.shtml) Brussels, Belgium - September 20 - 27, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/venice.shtml) Venice, Italy - October 19, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/capri.shtml) Capri, Italy - October 22, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/stressa.shtml) Stressa, Isola Bella, Lake Maggiore, Italy - October 17 - 18, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/florence.shtml) Florence, Italy, October 5 - 12 & 14 - 16, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/pisa.shtml) Sorrento and Pisa, Italy - October 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/vatican.shtml) Vatican, Italy, October 11 - 14 & 24 - 27, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/rome.shtml) Rome, Italy, October 11 - 14 & 24 - 27, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/pompei.shtml) Pompei, Italy, October 21, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/verona.shtml) Verona, Italy, October 18, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lugano.shtml) Lugano, Switzerland, October 18, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/assisi.shtml) Assisi, Italy October 20, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cassino.shtml) Cassino, Italy October 23, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/milan.shtml) Milan, Italy October 4 - 5, 16, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/genoa.shtml) Genoa, Italy October 16, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/italycountryside.shtml) Italian Countryside, Italy October 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bc.shtml) Kootenay Bay, British Columbia, June 7, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/victoria.shtml) Victoria, British Columbia, September 2 - 7, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cagardens.shtml) British Columbia, September 2 - 7, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/vci.shtml) Sooke, Nainamo, Courtenay, Duncan, Chemainus BC - September 2 - 7, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/manchester.shtml) Manchester, UK - April 7 - 9, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/madrid.shtml) Madrid, Spain, IRPA11 - May 22 - 29, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/canada.shtml) Canadian Rockies, Banff, Lake Louise, Calgary, Waterton Park, Alberta, Canada - June 15 - 19, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/belgrade.shtml) Belgrade, Serbia - September 15 - 16, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/krakow.shtml) Krakow, Poland - September 13 - 14, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/munich.shtml) Munich, Germany - September 13, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/frankfurt.shtml) Frankfurt, Germany - September 17, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lamanon.shtml) Lamanon and Marseilles France - September 15 - 16, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bratislava.shtml) Bratislava, Slovakia - April 15, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/salzburg.shtml) Salzburg, Austria - April 16 - 20, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/viesal.shtml) Austria Countryside, Vienna to Salzburg - April 16 & 20, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/fuschl.shtml) Fuschl am See, Austria - April 17, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/vienna.shtml) IM 2005 Meeting - Vienna, Austria - April 5 - 16, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris.shtml) Paris, France - October 2 - 7, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris1.shtml) Paris, France - January 16 - 17, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris2.shtml) Paris, France - May 12 - 22, 2006 (Group 1) |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paris3.shtml) Paris, France - May 12 - 22, 2006 (Group 2) |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/versailles.shtml) Chateau de Versailles, France - May 13, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/avignon.shtml) Avignon, France - October 15 - 19, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/prague.shtml) Prague, Czech Republic - October 20 - 22, 2006 - Group 1 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/prague2.shtml) Prague, Czech Republic - October 20 - 22, 2006 - Group 2 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu.shtml) Oahu, Hawaii - March 8 - 14, 2007 (USA included in International page listing) |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hawaii.shtml) Big Island, Hawaii - March 14 - 19, 2007 (USA included in International page listing |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/goteborg.shtml) Goteborg, Sweden, September 14 - 16, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/estro.shtml) ESTRO, Goteborg, Sweden, September 14 - 16, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/london.shtml) London, UK, September 17, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/irpa.shtml) IRPA 12, Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 19 - 24, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/buenosaires.shtml) Buenos Aires, Argentina, October 18 - 25, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/turku.shtml) Turku, Finland, May 25 - 28, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/athpro.shtml) Athen's Greece - Protest and Riots, March 11, 2010 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/athens.shtml) Athen's Greece - March 6 - 12, 2010 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/barcelona.shtml) Barcelona, Spain - May 29 - 30, 2010 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/uae.shtml)United Arab Emirates, Page 1, March 12 - 16, 2011 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/uaev.shtml) United Arab Emirates, Page 2, March 12 - 16, 2011 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/munich.shtml) Munich, Germany (including Oktoberfest, September 25 - 30, 2011 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/australia.shtml) Sydney & Melbourne, Australia, October 14 - 20, 2011 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/istanbul.shtml) Istanbul, Turkey, January 27 - 31, 2012 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/mosque.shtml) Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Abu Dhabi, January 20 - 27, 2012 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/australia2.shtml) Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide, Australia, October 7 - 18, 2012 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/auckland.shtml) Auckland, NZ and Triathalon Championship, October 18 - 21, 2012 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/inverness.shtml) Inverness, Scotland, November 10 - 16, 2012 |
**USA Picture Pages** || [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/fhr.shtml) Foothill Ranch, California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/borrego.shtml) Anza-Borrego Desert State Park May 6, 2000 California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/chicago.shtml) World Congress on Medical Physics, Chicago, IL. July 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/nei.shtml) San Diego, CA - NEI Health Physics Forum - August 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/boston.shtml) National Dosimetry Conference, Boston, MA., August 2000 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint.shtml) Dana Point Harbor & Marina area California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/picture.shtml) various pictures from my life - 1993-2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/whiting.shtml) Hiking Holy Jim Falls, Whiting Ranch, Silverado & Modjeska Canyon California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/arizona.shtml) Grand Canyon & Sedona, AZ, May 24 - 27, 1999 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanantonio.shtml) San Antonio, TX, May, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/kern.shtml) Kern River area and San Francisco California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cleveland.shtml) Health Physics Society - Cleveland, OH June 8 - 14, 2001 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/arizona1.shtml) Northern Arizona (Four Corners) - Canyon De Chelly, the Painted Desert, Montezuma's Castle |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lagunabeach.shtml) Laguna Beach California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/orlando.shtml) HPS Meeting Orlando, FL February 16 - 20, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/deathvalley.shtml) Death Valley National Park CA & Red Rocks, NV |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/california.shtml) Solvang, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Lompoc, Los Olivos, CA March 2002 Sights and Colors |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/dc.shtml) Washington, DC - Sights and Colors - April 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/laketahoe.shtml) Lake Tahoe California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/virginiacity.shtml) Virginia City, NV - May 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/idaho.shtml) Idaho, October 2001 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/rockwood.shtml) Hiking at Rockwood Ranch, Escondido California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/vb.shtml) Panasonic Symposium - Va Beach, VA, June 2 - 7,2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cw.shtml) MGP Users Meeting - Clearwater Beach, FL, June 11 - 14,2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/tampa.shtml) Health Physics Society - Tampa, FL, June 15 - 20,2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/blackstar.shtml) Black Star Canyon, CA March 9, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/west.shtml) Montana, Utah, Idaho - April 18 - 27, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/yellowstone.shtml) Yellowstone National Park - April 18 - 21, 2003 & June 5, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/whitewater.shtml) White Water Rafting, Moyie River, NW Idaho, June 3, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cda.shtml) Coeur D'Alene, ID Dosimetry Symposium, May 31 - June 7, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/santabarbara.shtml) Santa Barbara, Mission, Pier and 60's style Lovefest, California - June 28, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/santamonica.shtml) Santa Monica Pier California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego.shtml) San Diego, CA - Health Physics Society - July 19 - 24, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lajolla.shtml) La Jolla and Coronado, CA - Health Physics Society - July 21 & 23, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cannonbeach.shtml) Cannon Beach & Hug Point Oregon, September 11 - 13, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/ranier.shtml) Mt. Ranier, Washington, August 30 - September 1, 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/captiva.shtml) Captiva Island, FL September 2003 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/balboa.shtml) Balboa Island, Balboa Peninsula, Newport Beach California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, CA January 1 - 4, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/neworleans.shtml) New Orleans, LA January 10 - 13, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/augusta.shtml) Health Physics Society Meeting, Augusta, GA, February 6 - 12, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree2.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, CA February 13 - 16, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/pioneertown.shtml) Pioneertown (Yucca Valley) CA February 16, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/catalina.shtml) Avalon, Catalina Island, CA February 28 - 29, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/disney.shtml) Disney World Orlando, FL, April 15 - 25, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cacoast.shtml) San Simeon, Big Sur Coast, Monterey, Pebble Beach, Cambria, CA May 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/ptlobos.shtml) Pt. Lobos State Park California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sfo.shtml) San Francisco, Coit Tower Murals,Sausalito and Madrona Manor, Healdsburg, CA May 1 - 8, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bigsky.shtml) Big Sky, MT - Dosimetry Symposium - June 6 - 12, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/glacier.shtml) Glacier National Park, MT (includes Grizzly and Black bears) - June 12 - 15, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/newhaven.shtml) New Haven, CT - Yale University (SSD14) - June 25 - July 2, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/mysticseaport.shtml) Mystic Seaport, CT(SSD14) - June 29, 2004 | [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/washhps.shtml) Health Physics Society Meeting, Washington, DC - July 9 - 16, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/mountvernon.shtml) Mount Vernon, Mount Vernon, VA - July 15, 2004 | [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/thermo.shtml) Thermo Electron Users Meeting, Atlanta, GA - August 8 - 12, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanjuan.shtml) Mission San Juan Capistrano Concert, San Juan Capistrano, CA - August 29, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/taliesen.shtml) Taliesen West, Scottsdale, AZ |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/wastate.shtml) Washington State - January 2001 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/silver.shtml) 4-Wheel Driving, Santa Ana Mountains - Silverado and Modjeska Canyon |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/teton.shtml) Grand Tetons, Jackson Hole, Wyoming |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/jamestown.shtml) Jamestown Settlement & Smithfield, Virginia |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanjuan1.shtml) Mission San Juan Capistrano, San Juan Capistrano, CA - December 18, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree3.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, CA - December 25 - 27, 2004 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego2.shtml) Balboa Park, San Diego, CA - January 15, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/longbeach.shtml) Dosimetry & National Records Task Force Meeting - Long Beach, CA - January 23 - 25, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bremerton.shtml) Port Townsend, Bremerton, Seabeck Harbor, Seattle, WA - January 29 - February 3, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/neworleans2.shtml) New Orleans, LA - Health Physics Society Meeting - February 12 - 16, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/temecula.shtml) Temecula, CA Wine Country - May 8, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/carlsbad.shtml) The flower fields - Carlsbad California |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/traversecity.shtml) Traverse City, Michigan - International Dosimetry Symposium and Records Conference - June 3 - 12, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/mackinacisland.shtml) Mackinac Island, Michigan - June 11, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/westbay.shtml) West Bay Peninsula, Michigan - June 4 - 5, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/torreypines.shtml) Lodge at Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California - June 15 - 16, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/disneyland.shtml) Disneyland, Anaheim, California - June 21, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakearrowhead.shtml) Lake Arrowhead, California - June 23, 2005 & February 2, 2002 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/usair.shtml) Stephen - USAir cockpit - June 18, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/caladventure.shtml) Disneyland California Adventure, Anaheim, California - June 29, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/rsm.shtml) Rancho Santa Margarita, California - July 2, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/spokane.shtml) Spokane, Washington, Health Physics Society Meeting, July 9 - 14, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/nixon.shtml) Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Birth Place, Yorba Linda, California - July 17, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/paintedtrails.shtml) Painted Trails, Mission Viejo, California - July 30, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanluisrey.shtml) San Luis Rey Mission, Oceanside, California - November 23, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sandiego3.shtml) Dosimetry & National Records Task Force Meeting - San Diego, CA - December 10 - 14, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/quailgardens.shtml) Quail Botanical Gardens - Encinitas, CA - December 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree4.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park - December 23 - 25, 2005 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/apachetrail.shtml) Apache Trail, Arizona - January 22, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/desertgardens.shtml) Desert Botanical Gardens, Phoenix, Arizona - January 23, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpsaz.shtml) Health Physics Society, Scottsdale, Arizona - January 22 - 25, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/wupatki.shtml) Wupatki Ruins National Monument, Flagstaff, Arizona - January 29, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sunsetcrater.shtml) Sunset Crater Volcano National Park, Flagstaff, Arizona - January 29, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/canyondechelly.shtml) Canyon De Chelly, Four Corners, Arizona - January 27 - 28, 2006 |
|
|| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/painteddesert.shtml) Painted Desert and Petrified Forest, Arizona - January 26 - 27, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hsj.shtml) Historic San Juan Capistrano, CA - February 12, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/palmspringsaerial.shtml) Palm Springs, CA Aerial Tram - Mount San Jacinto State Park and Wilderness - February 21, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree5.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park - February 19 - 20, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/julian.shtml) Julian, CA - February 25, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/miami.shtml) Miami Beach, Miami & Ft. Lauderdale, Florida |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/dcf.shtml) Dade County Youth Fair & Exposition, Miami, Florida |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/ct.shtml) Groton and Stonington, Connecticut |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cn.shtml) Essex and Mystic Seaport, Connecticut |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lagunabeach2.shtml) Laguna Beach, California May 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sunriver.shtml) Sun River, Oregon - International Dosimetry Symposium and Records Conference - June 3 - 10, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/craterlake.shtml) Crater Lake, Oregon June 10, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lava.shtml) Lava Beds National Monument & Tulelake Wildlife Refuge June 11, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/oregon.shtml) Touring through Oregon, June 11 - 18, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/whitewaterbend.shtml) White Water Rafting, Bend, Oregon |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/providence.shtml) Health Physics Society Meeting - Providence, RI, June 24 - 29, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cw1.shtml) SynOdys User Meeting, Clearwater Beach, Florida, July 15 - 21, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/nei2.shtml) NEI Health Physics Forum, Rancho Bernardo, California, July 25 - 26, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/aug06.shtml) Dana Point, Balboa Island, Balboa, San Diego Zoo, California, August 6 - 11, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/stregis.shtml) St. Regis Resort, Dana Point, California, August 29 - 30, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/crystalcove.shtml) Crystal Cove State Park, Newport Coast, California, September 4, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/tallships.shtml) Tall Ships - Parrots & Pirates Festival, Dana Point, California, September 10, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/encinitas.shtml) Wavecrest Woodie Meet - Encinitas, California, September 16, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/yosemite.shtml) Yosemite National Park, California, October, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/mammoth.shtml) Mammoth Lakes, California, October, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn.shtml) Mission Inn & Christmas Displays - Riverside, California, December, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/huntington.shtml) Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens - San Marino, California, December, 2006 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/silver.shtml) 4-Wheel Driving, Santa Ana Mountains - Silverado and Modjeska Canyon, updated January 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/morongo.shtml) Big Morongo Canyon Preserve, January 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree6.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, California, November, 2006 and January 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint.shtml) Dana Point, California, March 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu.shtml) Oahu, Hawaii - March 8 - 14, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hawaii.shtml) Big Island, Hawaii - March 14 - 19, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/bryce.shtml) Bryce Canyon National Park, Bryce, Utah, May 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/zion.shtml) Zion National Park, Utah, May 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/arches.shtml) Arches National Park, Utah, May 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/monument.shtml) Monument Valley, Natural Bridges and Canyonlands, Utah, May 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/maine.shtml) Dosimetry Symposium, Portland, Maine, June, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/july4.shtml) July 4th Holiday PicNic Painted Trails, Mission Viejo, CA, July 4, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/portland.shtml) Portland, Oregon, July 7 - 12, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/marco.shtml) Miami & Marco Island, FL, August 4 - 7, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/badlands.shtml) Badlands Park, Laguna Niguel, CA, September 9, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sav.shtml) Savannah & Tybee Island, Georgia, September 23 - 26, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sdmission.shtml) Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcala, San Diego, October 5, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/fire.shtml) Santiago, Modjeska, Silverado Canyon Wild Fires, October 24 - 28, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakearrowhead.shtml) Lake Arrowhead, California -November 10, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree7.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, California - December 22 - 25, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/knottsberry.shtml) Knotts Berry Farm, Buena Park, California - December 31, 2007 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/brycewinter.shtml) Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah - February 26, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/zionw.shtml) Zion National Park, Utah - February 23 - 25, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/escalante.shtml) Grand Staircase Escalante, Utah - February 27, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lafayette.shtml) Lafayette, California - May 5 - 8, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton1.shtml) Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 1 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton2.shtml) Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 2 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/gteton3.shtml) Grand Teton National Park - May 24 - 28, 2008, Group 3 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/yellowstone2.shtml)Yellowstone National Park - May 28 - 31, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/danapoint3.shtml) Dana Point Harbor 4th of July Celebration - July 4, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/pitthps.shtml) Health Physics Society Meeting, Pittsburgh, PA - July 14 - 16, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/wap.shtml) San Diego Wild Animal Park - July 20, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/dpjuly.shtml) 3 Generations boating Dana Point, California - July 21, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpd.shtml) Mirion Technologies Health Physics Division Conference - Marco Island, FL, August 4 - 8, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/everglades.shtml) Everglades National Park, FL, August 8, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/tallships2.shtml) Toshiba Tall Ships Festival, Dana Point, CA, September 6 - 7, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/encinitas2.shtml) Wavecrest Woodie Meet, Encinitas, CA, September 20, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/missionviejo.shtml) Lake Mission Viejo - Mission Viejo, CA |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sanclemente.shtml) Casa Romantica and San Clemente Pier - San Clemente, CA |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/lakelure.shtml) Lake Lure & Chimney Rock, North Carolina, November 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/charlotte.shtml) Charlotte Museum and Stephen's Karate - Charlotte, North Carolina, November 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn.shtml) Mission Inn, Riverside, CA - December 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree8.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park - December 26 - 28, 2008 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/gettyvilla.shtml) Getty Villa, Pacific Palisades, CA - January 11, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/zion3.shtml) Zion National Park Park - Utah, February 20 - 24, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/voffire.shtml) Valley of Fire State Park - Overton, NV, February 24, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/calico.shtml) Calico Ghost Town, Yermo, CA, February 25, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/sddos.shtml) International Dosimetry and Records Symposium, San Diego, CA, May 31 - June 4, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/ccmay.shtml) Central California Coast, Page 1, May 10 - 15, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/ccmay2.shtml) Central California Coast, Page 2, May 10 - 15, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/hpdug.shtml) Mirion Technologies HP Division User Group Meeting, Marco Island, FL, July 27 - 31, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/satal.shtml) San Antonio, Texas, September 17, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/dcem.shtml) Washington, DC, September 13, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/oahu2.shtml) Oahu, Hawaii, September 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/dc3.shtml)Washington, DC, October 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/kingsmtn.shtml) Kings Mountain National Military Park, South Carolina, November 27, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/missioninn2.shtml) Mission Inn Christmas Lights, Riverside, California, December 19, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/joshuatree9.shtml) Joshua Tree National Park, Twentynine Palms, California, December 24 - 27, 2009 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/cook.shtml) Cooks Corner Biker Bar and Grill, Santiago Canyon, California, January 10, 2010 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/antelope.shtml)Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve, Lancaster, California, April 17 - 18, 2010 |
| [Picture Page](http://www.sandy-travels.com/redrocks.shtml) Red Rocks California State Park, Mojave, California, April 17, 2010 |
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Sandy's Cyberhome last updated March 2015
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<meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><title>Made in USA Products | American Manufacturer and Brands List</title>
<meta name="description" content="A list of American brands & manufacturers that engineer, assemble and/or make products in the USA. 3000+ made in USA companies and growing.">
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<body><header class="headers"><img id="site-logo" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920im_/https://usamadeproducts.biz/images/logo/usa-made-products-90.png" alt style="float: left; max-width: 90px; height: auto">
<h1 id="site-name">Products Made in USA</h1><div id="page-description">
<p><b>You might be asking yourself who still makes products in America?, well, we are compiling lists of companies that design, engineer, assemble and/or 100% make products here in the USA.</b> </p>
<p>The various lists include large corporations, small businesses and individuals. We are also currently in the process of applying a grading system to each manufacture/brand/product, to provide better clarity as to where and how much of the item is made in America.</p>
<p>Is it American made?, or made in USA? While the Federal Trade Commission has guidelines on what can legally be labeled 'Made in the USA',
we hold to the following:</p>
<p><em>Any product that is produced using any amount of labor, materials, engineering and/or intellectual property that is sourced here in the US, is then considered by us to be at least in part, made in America, no matter where the final assembly takes place.</em></p></div></header>
<article><header class="headers">
<h2 id="about"> American Manufacturer & Brands List</h2>
<p>You will find many things made from the natural resources available here, such as from trees harvested from the forests, from minerals & ores mined from quarries, animals raised on farms or from crops grown here, both factory produced & individually handcrafted.<br>
<br>
Apart from finding things which we use everyday, many are one of a kind, such as arts and craft items, clothing, toys and all kinds of unique foods and holiday gifts.</p>
</header>
<nav><header class="categories">Apparel</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories.html">Accessories</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-fleece-apparel.html">Fleece Apparel</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-gloves.html">Gloves</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-hand-bags.html">Hand Bags</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-leather-apparel-flight-jackets.html">Flight Jackets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-socks.html">Socks</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Appliances</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-blenders.html">Blenders</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-coffee-makers.html">Coffee Makers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-cookware.html">Cookware</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-ice-cream-makers.html">Ice Cream Makers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-home-appliances-vacuum-cleaners.html">Vacuum Cleaners</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-home-appliances-water-heaters.html">Water Heaters</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Art & Crafts</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-candles.html">Candles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-dolls-doll-making.html">Doll Making</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-folk-art.html">Folk Art</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-leathercraft.html">Leatherwork</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-metal-craft.html">Metal Craft</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-pottery-ceramic-art.html">Pottery</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Beauty Products</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-make-up-cosmetics.html">Cosmetics</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-fragrances-perfumes.html">Fragrances</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-hair-care-products.html">Hair Care</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-nail-care-products.html">Nail Care</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-skin-care-products.html">Skin Care</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Electronics</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-batteries.html">Batteries</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-battery-chargers.html">Battery Chargers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-cell-phones.html">Cell Phones</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-computers.html">Computers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-metal-detectors.html">Metal Detectors</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-televisions.html">Televisions</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Foods & Beverages</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-condiments-bbq-sauce.html">BBQ Sauce</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-candies.html">Candies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-canned-foods.html">Canned Foods</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-condiments-honey.html">Honey</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-specialty-gourmet-foods-jams-jellies.html">Jams & Jellies</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-smoked-foods.html">Smoked Foods</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Footwear</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-cowboy-boots.html">Cowboy Boots</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-hiking-shoes.html">Hiking Shoes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-hunting-boots.html">Hunting Boots</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-military-boots.html">Military Boots</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-moccasins.html">Moccasins</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-work-boots.html">Work Boots</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Furniture</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-amish-furniture.html">Amish Furniture</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-country-rustic-furniture.html">Rustic </a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-dining-room-furniture.html">Dining Room </a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-leather-furniture.html">Leather Furniture</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-porch-swings.html">Porch Swings </a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-reproduction-furniture.html">Reproduction </a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Garden & Patio</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-carts.html">Garden Carts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-planters.html">Garden Planters</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-tools.html">Garden Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-patio-items-grills.html">Gas Grills</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-lawn-care-sprinklers.html">Sprinklers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-patio-items-patio-furniture.html">Patio Furniture</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Gifts</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/minted-coins-medals-tokens.html">Coins & Medals</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-corporate-gifts.html">Corporate Gifts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-food-gifts.html">Food Gifts</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-gift-baskets.html">Gift Baskets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-handcrafted-gifts.html">Handcrafted</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-inspirational-gifts.html">Inspirational</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Health Products</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-air-purifiers.html">Air Purifiers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-fitness-equipment-free-weights.html">Free Weights</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-herbal-therapy-hemp-oil.html">Hemp Oil </a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-nutrition-products.html">Nutrition</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-ppe.html">PPE</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-nutrition-products-nutrition-products-supplements.html">Supplements</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">House & Home</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-home-decor-barometers.html">Barometers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-home-decor-clocks.html">Clocks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-flags.html">Flags</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-outdoor-items-porch-swings.html">Porch Swings</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-outdoor-items-windmills.html">Windmills</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Outdoor Recreation</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-backpacks.html">Backpacks</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-coolers.html">Coolers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-fishing-gear-fishing-reels.html">Fishing Reels</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/knife-makers.html">Knives</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-hunting-gear-rifle-scopes.html">Rifle Scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-tents.html">Tents</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Tools</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-power-tools-air-compressors.html">Air-Compressors</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-axes.html">Axes</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-power-tools-drills.html">Drills</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-hammers.html">Hammers</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools.html">Hand Tools</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-sockets-socket-sets.html">Sockets & Sets</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Toys & Games</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-games-croquet-sets.html">Croquet Sets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-educational-toys-jigsaw-puzzles.html">Jigsaw Puzzles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-outdoor-play-outdoor-play-swing-play-sets.html">Swing Sets</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-wooden-toys.html">Wooden Toys</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-stringed-toys-yo-yos.html">Yo-Yo's</a></li></ul></nav>
<nav><header class="categories">Vehicles</header><ul>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-aircraft.html">Aircraft</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-cars.html">Automobiles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-bicycles.html">Bicycles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-cars-luxury-cars.html">Luxury Cars</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-motorcycles.html">Motorcycles</a></li>
<li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-scooters.html">Scooters</a></li></ul></nav>
</article>
<aside><p>Disclaimer: Many of the businesses listed in our site sell both USA Made & Non-USA Made items and even though we have made every reasonable attempt to provide you with the most accurate information available, businesses can & will change/modify their products & product listings regularly and it is up to you the consumer who has to decide whether the product is actually made in America.</p><p>We will not be held liable for any consequences that my arise from the sale of any product or business listed in our site.<br><br>Privacy Policy: This site uses first party and third party cookies via Google Analytics, for more information on Google's data gathering practices and ways to opt out of them visit their page here: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/" rel="nofollow">Google Analytics Opt-out Browser Add-on</a></p></aside>
<footer><b>Updated <span property="datePublished">Jan 31, 2022</span> by <a property="creator" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://www.facebook.com/david.hurley.1800/?rel=author">David Hurley</a></b> <a href="about.html">About Us</a></footer></body></html> |
Made in USA Products | American Manufacturer and Brands List
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# Products Made in USA
**You might be asking yourself who still makes products in America?, well, we are compiling lists of companies that design, engineer, assemble and/or 100% make products here in the USA.**
The various lists include large corporations, small businesses and individuals. We are also currently in the process of applying a grading system to each manufacture/brand/product, to provide better clarity as to where and how much of the item is made in America.
Is it American made?, or made in USA? While the Federal Trade Commission has guidelines on what can legally be labeled 'Made in the USA',
we hold to the following:
*Any product that is produced using any amount of labor, materials, engineering and/or intellectual property that is sourced here in the US, is then considered by us to be at least in part, made in America, no matter where the final assembly takes place.*
## American Manufacturer & Brands List
You will find many things made from the natural resources available here, such as from trees harvested from the forests, from minerals & ores mined from quarries, animals raised on farms or from crops grown here, both factory produced & individually handcrafted.
Apart from finding things which we use everyday, many are one of a kind, such as arts and craft items, clothing, toys and all kinds of unique foods and holiday gifts.
Apparel* [Accessories](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories.html)
* [Fleece Apparel](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-fleece-apparel.html)
* [Gloves](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-gloves.html)
* [Hand Bags](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-hand-bags.html)
* [Flight Jackets](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-leather-apparel-flight-jackets.html)
* [Socks](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/apparel-clothing-accessories-socks.html)
Appliances* [Blenders](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-blenders.html)
* [Coffee Makers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-coffee-makers.html)
* [Cookware](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-cookware.html)
* [Ice Cream Makers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-kitchen-appliances-ice-cream-makers.html)
* [Vacuum Cleaners](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-home-appliances-vacuum-cleaners.html)
* [Water Heaters](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/appliances-home-appliances-water-heaters.html)
Art & Crafts* [Candles](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-candles.html)
* [Doll Making](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-dolls-doll-making.html)
* [Folk Art](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-folk-art.html)
* [Leatherwork](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-leathercraft.html)
* [Metal Craft](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-metal-craft.html)
* [Pottery](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/arts-crafts-pottery-ceramic-art.html)
Beauty Products* [Cosmetics](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-make-up-cosmetics.html)
* [Fragrances](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-fragrances-perfumes.html)
* [Hair Care](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-hair-care-products.html)
* [Nail Care](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-nail-care-products.html)
* [Skin Care](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/beauty-products-skin-care-products.html)
Electronics* [Batteries](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-batteries.html)
* [Battery Chargers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-battery-chargers.html)
* [Cell Phones](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-cell-phones.html)
* [Computers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-computers.html)
* [Metal Detectors](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-metal-detectors.html)
* [Televisions](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/electronics-televisions.html)
Foods & Beverages* [BBQ Sauce](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-condiments-bbq-sauce.html)
* [Candies](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-candies.html)
* [Canned Foods](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-canned-foods.html)
* [Honey](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-condiments-honey.html)
* [Jams & Jellies](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-specialty-gourmet-foods-jams-jellies.html)
* [Smoked Foods](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/foods-smoked-foods.html)
Footwear* [Cowboy Boots](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-cowboy-boots.html)
* [Hiking Shoes](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-hiking-shoes.html)
* [Hunting Boots](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-hunting-boots.html)
* [Military Boots](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-military-boots.html)
* [Moccasins](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-moccasins.html)
* [Work Boots](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/footwear-work-boots.html)
Furniture* [Amish Furniture](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-amish-furniture.html)
* [Rustic](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-country-rustic-furniture.html)
* [Dining Room](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-dining-room-furniture.html)
* [Leather Furniture](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-leather-furniture.html)
* [Porch Swings](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-porch-swings.html)
* [Reproduction](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/furniture-reproduction-furniture.html)
Garden & Patio* [Garden Carts](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-carts.html)
* [Garden Planters](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-planters.html)
* [Garden Tools](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-garden-tools.html)
* [Gas Grills](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-patio-items-grills.html)
* [Sprinklers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-lawn-care-sprinklers.html)
* [Patio Furniture](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/garden-products-patio-items-patio-furniture.html)
Gifts* [Coins & Medals](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/minted-coins-medals-tokens.html)
* [Corporate Gifts](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-corporate-gifts.html)
* [Food Gifts](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-food-gifts.html)
* [Gift Baskets](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-gift-baskets.html)
* [Handcrafted](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-handcrafted-gifts.html)
* [Inspirational](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/gifts-inspirational-gifts.html)
Health Products* [Air Purifiers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-air-purifiers.html)
* [Free Weights](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-fitness-equipment-free-weights.html)
* [Hemp Oil](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-herbal-therapy-hemp-oil.html)
* [Nutrition](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-nutrition-products.html)
* [PPE](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-ppe.html)
* [Supplements](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz//health-nutrition-products-nutrition-products-supplements.html)
House & Home* [Barometers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-home-decor-barometers.html)
* [Clocks](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-home-decor-clocks.html)
* [Flags](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-flags.html)
* [Porch Swings](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-outdoor-items-porch-swings.html)
* [Windmills](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/house-home-outdoor-items-windmills.html)
Outdoor Recreation* [Backpacks](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-backpacks.html)
* [Coolers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-coolers.html)
* [Fishing Reels](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-fishing-gear-fishing-reels.html)
* [Knives](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/knife-makers.html)
* [Rifle Scopes](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-hunting-gear-rifle-scopes.html)
* [Tents](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/outdoor-recreation-camping-gear-tents.html)
Tools* [Air-Compressors](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-power-tools-air-compressors.html)
* [Axes](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-axes.html)
* [Drills](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-power-tools-drills.html)
* [Hammers](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-hammers.html)
* [Hand Tools](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools.html)
* [Sockets & Sets](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/tools-hand-tools-sockets-socket-sets.html)
Toys & Games* [Croquet Sets](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-games-croquet-sets.html)
* [Jigsaw Puzzles](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-educational-toys-jigsaw-puzzles.html)
* [Swing Sets](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-outdoor-play-outdoor-play-swing-play-sets.html)
* [Wooden Toys](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-wooden-toys.html)
* [Yo-Yo's](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/games-toys-toys-stringed-toys-yo-yos.html)
Vehicles* [Aircraft](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-aircraft.html)
* [Automobiles](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-cars.html)
* [Bicycles](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-bicycles.html)
* [Luxury Cars](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-cars-luxury-cars.html)
* [Motorcycles](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-motorcycles.html)
* [Scooters](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://usamadeproducts.biz/vehicles-scooters.html)
Disclaimer: Many of the businesses listed in our site sell both USA Made & Non-USA Made items and even though we have made every reasonable attempt to provide you with the most accurate information available, businesses can & will change/modify their products & product listings regularly and it is up to you the consumer who has to decide whether the product is actually made in America.
We will not be held liable for any consequences that my arise from the sale of any product or business listed in our site.
Privacy Policy: This site uses first party and third party cookies via Google Analytics, for more information on Google's data gathering practices and ways to opt out of them visit their page here: [Google Analytics Opt-out Browser Add-on](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://tools.google.com/dlpage/gaoptout/)
**Updated Jan 31, 2022 by [David Hurley](https://web.archive.org/web/20230216010920/https://www.facebook.com/david.hurley.1800/?rel=author)** [About Us](about.html) | https://usamadeproducts.biz/ |
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Worms 2 Area
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<meta name="KeyWords" content="dog greek athens stray">
<title>Athens dogs</title>
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<font size="+3">Some Lazy Greek Dogs</font> (from Athens)<br>
<hr width="100%">
<p>    There were lots of stray dogs in Athens which mostly lay on the ground not doing much.</p>
<p>These ones were on / near the Acropolis.</p>
<p><a href="AcropolisBW_011.jpg"><img src="AcropolisBW_011s.jpg" height="200" width="325"></a><a href=
"AcropolisDog_003.jpg"><img src="AcropolisDog_003s.jpg" height="200" width="133"></a><a href=
"AcropolisDog_005.jpg"><img src="AcropolisDog_005s.jpg" height="200" width="133"></a></p>
<p>Archeological museum steps. (Old Steps!)</p>
<p><a href="Dogs_000.jpg"><img src="Dogs_000s.jpg" height="200" width="305"></a><a href="Dogs_002.jpg"><img src=
"Dogs_002s.jpg" height="200" width="364"></a></p>
<p><a href="Dogs_004.jpg"><img src="Dogs_004s.jpg" height="200" width="300"></a><a href="Dogs_006.jpg"><img src=
"Dogs_006s.jpg" height="200" width="133"></a>Can you tell this one is distraught, having just found a dead, decomposed
cat?</p>
<p>And look at da little puppies, wif no home.</p>
<p><a href="Dogs_009.jpg"><img src="Dogs_009s.jpg" height="200" width="300"></a><a href="Dogs_010.jpg"><img src=
"Dogs_010s.jpg" height="200" width="300"></a><a href="Dogs_014.jpg"><img src="Dogs_014s.jpg" height="200" width=
"300"></a><a href="Dogs_011.jpg"><img src="Dogs_011s.jpg" height="200" width="300"></a></p>
<p><a href="Dogs_015.jpg"><img src="Dogs_015s.jpg" height="200" width="130"></a></p>
<p><a href="Dogs_018.jpg"><img src="Dogs_018s.jpg" height="200" width="160"></a><br>
 </p>
<p>These pictures free for non commercial private perusal. ©cip, 2001</p>
<p>Email me at:<a href="mailto:cip1000@sobi.org">cip1000@sobi.org</a><br></p>
<hr width="100%">
<br>
Ingrate goes <a href="../index.html"><img src="../../../webicons/back.gif" height="23" width="59" align=
"abscenter"></a>
</body>
</html>
|
Athens dogs
Some Lazy Greek Dogs (from Athens)
---
There were lots of stray dogs in Athens which mostly lay on the ground not doing much.
These ones were on / near the Acropolis.
[](AcropolisBW_011.jpg)[](AcropolisDog_003.jpg)[](AcropolisDog_005.jpg)
Archeological museum steps. (Old Steps!)
[](Dogs_000.jpg)[](Dogs_002.jpg)
[](Dogs_004.jpg)[](Dogs_006.jpg)Can you tell this one is distraught, having just found a dead, decomposed
cat?
And look at da little puppies, wif no home.
[](Dogs_009.jpg)[](Dogs_010.jpg)[](Dogs_014.jpg)[](Dogs_011.jpg)
[](Dogs_015.jpg)
[](Dogs_018.jpg)
These pictures free for non commercial private perusal. ©cip, 2001
Email me at:[cip1000@sobi.org](mailto:cip1000@sobi.org)
---
Ingrate goes [](../index.html)
| http://www.sobi.org/photos/Dog/Athens/index.html |
<html><!DOCTYPE html public "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 //EN"><head><title>
Food Timeline: food history research service</title>
<META NAME="description" Content="Food Timeline: food history reference & research service">
<META NAME="keywords" Content="food,food history,culinary history,history of food,cuisine,gastronomy,history,old recipes,food timeline,
foodtimeline,food time line,
food history timeline,historic food,foodways,
historic recipes,food origins,origins of food,traditional foods,receipts,food prices">
<meta name="author" content="Lynne Olver (IACP)">
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<IMG SRC="food.gif" height="40" width="300" ALT="Food Timeline">
<font size=+1>Ever wonder how the ancient Romans fed their armies?
What the pioneers cooked along the Oregon Trail? Who invented the potato chip...and why?
So do we!!! Food history presents a fascinating buffet of popular lore and contradictory facts. Some experts say it's impossible
to express this topic in exact timeline format. They are correct. Most foods are not invented; they evolve.
<b>We make food history fun.</b> </font>
<p><head>New Updates: August 2022</head>
<ul>
<li>Thanks to everyone who has been using our form to submit changes/corrections. We still have a backlog on that and we've had a bumpy spring, but we hope to get back on track with that work this fall.</li>
<li>We're happy to share that over HALF of the books from Lynne Olver's collection have now been cataloged. Special Collections and University Archives is working on creating some additional shelf space as this work continues. We are so grateful for the work of our colleagues in Metadata Services, who have been instrumental in making this happen!</li>
<li>You can view the list of books available so far <a href="https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?idx=&q=lynne+olver&weight_search=1" target="new">in this search</a>!</li>
<li>While we just got one new item to add, we have processed the manuscript materials and research files from Lynne Olver and <a href="https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3574" target="new">the finding aid is online</a>.</li>
</ul></p>
<!--<p><head>New Updates (February 2021)</head>
<ul>
<li>Happy 2022!</li>
<li>Apologies for some minor downtime early this month. We have some behind-the-scenes maintenance in early February that may result in some brief outages, but it shouldn't be a significant interruption</li>
<li>We've created a new form to submit broken links, offer link suggestions, and/or offer topic suggestions--see the <a href="#form">bottom of the Food Timeline homepage</a> (or <a href="https://forms.gle/VfspFM8WvXV7V5Fw5" target="_blank">access the form</a> directly)!</li>
<li>We're a little behind, but we're still working on repairing some broken links this month!</li>
<li>The panel about Food Timeline that took place in December is now <a href="https://video.vt.edu/media/Celebrating%20the%20Food%20Timeline/1_q7e50wpe" target="_blank">available online</a> complete with transcript!</li>
</ul></p>
<!--<p><head>New Updates (December 2021):</head>
<ul>
<li>Our informal survey about Food Timeline is still open. Please feel free to share your thoughts with us between now and early January: <a href="https://forms.gle/7zPt1TSS3btJo5pY7" target="new">https://forms.gle/7zPt1TSS3btJo5pY7</a></li>
<li> The <a href="https://guides.lib.vt.edu/c.php?g=10336&p=8786960" target="new">video from our December 3rd panel event</a> is online.</li>
<li>During December 2021, we are still working on updating broken links in and from the site. In some cases, we will be able to replace the link with a corrected one or to a similar resource. Unfortunately, becuase of the transient nature of the web, we may not be able to replace all existing broken links with a new one, in which case we have removed the hyperlinks. We are keeping track of links we could not replace and the next iteration of this project will be potentially identifying new resources on those topics! We appreciate your patience as we work on these improvements! Once this is done, we will be implementing a new form on the website for several uses, including reporting broken links.</li>
<li>You may notice a slow roll out of a new feature. As we update and/or create new entries for the timeline, we will be including a "date updated" for an entry and, for new entries, a "date created." We hope this will help users see when we've added new content or updated existing content.</li>
<li>There are a couple of new blog posts on the History of Food and Drink blog from Special Collections and University Archives at Virginia Tech, courtesy of our Fall 2021 Food Studies intern: <a href="https://whatscookinvt.wordpress.com/" target="new">https://whatscookinvt.wordpress.com/</a>.</li>
</ul></p>
<p><head>New Updates (November 2021):</head><ul>
<li>We've put together a short survey to get some feedback on the current iteration of Food Timeline as we think about the future! This survey is availabe online through December 2021 and contains a few short questions: <a href="https://forms.gle/7zPt1TSS3btJo5pY7" target="new">https://forms.gle/7zPt1TSS3btJo5pY7</a>. We appreciate your input!</li>
<li>We have an upcoming, free, online event about Food Timeline on Friday, December 3, 2021 12p EST. Join us for a panel discussion featuring Assistant Director, Special Collections and University Archives, Kira Dietz, our first Food Studies program intern, and others, to celebrate Virginia Tech's acquisition of this leading food history website and digital archive and learn more about its future. <a href="https://virginiatech.zoom.us/meeting/register/tZIqceihrTIrGNRIBc7Rk8ipVQzv-ICxxGPh" target="new">Register here</a> in advance.</li> <b>**Update: The <a href="https://guides.lib.vt.edu/c.php?g=10336&p=8786960" target="new">video from our panel event is online</a>.</b>
<li>We are building a new form to integrate into the website to report broken links, suggest new links or sources, or suggest new topics for the website. We hope to launch in early December, so stay tuned!</li>
<li>Please note: During November and December 2021, we are actively working on updating broken links in and from the site. In some cases, we will be able to replace the link with a corrected one or to a similar resource. Unfortunately, becuase of the transient nature of the web, we may not be able to replace all existing broken links with a new one, in which case we have removed the hyperlinks. We are keeping track of links we could not replace and the next iteration of this project will be potentially identifying new resources on those topics! We appreciate your patience as we work on these improvements!</li>
<li>You may notice a slow roll out of a new feature. As we update and/or create new entries for the timeline, we will be including a "date updated" for an entry and, for new entries, a "date created." We hope this will help users see when we've added new content or updated existing content.</li>
</ul></p>-->
<p>Want to know more about the site's creation and history? See the "<a href="#about">About this site</a>" section at the bottom of this page. Want to submit a broken link, offer a link suggestion, and/or offer a topic suggestion? See the <a href="#form">bottom of the Food Timeline homepage</a>.</p>
<center><a href="foodfaqindex.html"><b>Food Timeline Index</b></a>...<i>alpha, subject & site search</i></font><p></center>
<font size="6" color="#003366">_______________________________________________________________________________________________</font>
<table width="100%"><tr> <td width="35%" valign="top" align="right">
<IMG SRC="beginnings.gif" height="50" width="175" ALT="food beginnings"><br>
<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/water.htm" target="new">water</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#ice">ice</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#salt">salt</a><font
color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodlobster.html#oysters">oysters</a>, <a href="foodlobster.html#scallops">scallops</a>,
<a href="foodlobster.html#mussels">mussels</a> &
<a href="foodlobster.html#mollusks">mollusks</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodlobster.html#squid">squid, calamari & octopus</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#insects">insects</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodlobster.html#fish">fish</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#frogs">frogs</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#mushrooms">mushrooms</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#greens">greens</a><font
color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#bear">bear</a>, <a href="foodmeats.html#venison">venison</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#horsemeat">horsemeat</a>
<font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="foodeggs.html">eggs</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#marrowbones">marrow bones</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/rice.htm" target="new">rice</a> &
<a href="foodfaq1.html#millet">millet</a><font color="#003366">----------------</font><br>
<a
href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-156.html#EMMER" target="new">emmer grain</a><font color="#003366">--17,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-156.html#EINKORN" target="new">einkorn grain</a><font color="#003366">--16,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#almonds">almonds</a><font color="#003366">--10,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaqindex.html#cherries">cherries</a><font color="#003366">---10,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#wheat">wheat</a> <font color="#003366">---8,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#bison">American bison</a><font color="#003366">---8,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#winebeer">wine & beer</a><font color="#003366"">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/hogs.htm"target="new">pigs</a>,
<a href="foodmeats.html#goats">goats</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#sheep">sheep</a><font color="#003366">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="shortening.html#lard">lard</a><font color="#003366">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodsalads.html#pistachios">pistachios</a><font color="#003366">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/beans.html" target="new">new world beans</a><font color="#003366">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.walnutcouncil.org/resources/growing-hardwoods/" target="new">black walnuts</a><font color="#003366">---7,000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#beef">cattle domestication</a><font color="#003366">---6,500BC---</font><br>
<a href="fruit.html#apples">apples</a> & <a href="fruit.html#crabapples">crab apples</a>
<font color="#003366">---6500BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#spelt">spelt
</a><font color="#003366">---6000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmexican.html#maize">maize</a> & <a href="foodmexican.html#tortillas">tortillas</a><font color="#003366">---6000BC---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#dates">dates</a><font color="#003366">---6000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#honey">honey</a> &
<a href="foodsauces.html#chickpeas">chickpeas</a><font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodsalads.html#arugula">arugula</a>, <a href="foodsalads.html#chicory">chicory</a> &
<a href="foodsalads.html#lettuce">lettuce</a>
<font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#ginger">ginger</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#galangal">galangal</a><font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#buckwheat">buckwheat</a> & <a href="vegetables.html#quinoa">
quinoa</a><font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100406054730/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/index.html">Cucumbers & squash</a> & <a
href="foodfaq.html#chayote">chayote</a><font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<font color="#003366"><a
href="foodmexican.html#chile">chili peppers</a>, <a href="foodmexican.html#avocados">avocados</a> & <a
href="foodfaq2.html#taro">taro</a><font color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/potatoes.htm" target="new">potatoes</a><font
color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#milk">milk</a> & <a
href="foodfaq2.html#yogurt">yogurt</a>, & <a href="foodsauces.html#sourcream">sour cream</a><font
color="#003366">---5000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#pigeons">pigeons</a><font color="#003366">---4600BC---</font><br>
<a href="fruit.html#grapes">grapes</a>, <a
href="fruit.html#watermelon">watermelons</a> &
<a href="foodcandy.html#sorghum">sorghum</a><font
color="#003366">---4000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#oranges">
oranges</a> <a href="foodfaq.html#citron">citrons & Buddha's hand</a> <font color="#003366">---4000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#pomegranates">pomegranates</a>
<font color="#003366">---4000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.popcorn.org/EncyclopediaPopcornica/WelcometoPopcornica/HistoryofPopcorn/tabid/106/Default.aspx" target="new">popcorn</a><font
color="#003366">---3600BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#chicken">chicken domestication</a><font color="#003366">---3200BC---</font><br>
<a href="shortening.html#butter">butter</a> & <a
href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/palmoil.htm">palm oil</a><font
color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><br><a
href="http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1523&context=ebl">barley</a>
& <a href="foodfaq.html#cassava">cassava</a> (manioc)<font color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><br>
<a href="vegetables.html#peas">peas</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#carrots">carrots</a>
<font color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#onions">onions</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#garlic">garlic</a><font
color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#apricots">apricots</a> & <a href="http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm" target="new">spices</a>
<font color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><br> soybeans <a
href="http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/history.php">I</a><font color="#003366">---2838BC---</font><br>
<a href="tea.pdf">tea</a><font color="#003366">---2737BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#oliveoil">olive oil</a><font color="#003366">---2500BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#algae">seaweed</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#duck">duck</a>
<font color="#003366">---2500BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/muskmelon.html" target="new">muskmelon</a>
<font color="#003366">---2400BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#saffron">saffron</a> & <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/t0646e/t0646e.pdf" target="new">peach palm (page 211)</a>
<font color="#003366">---2300BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodsauces.html#mustard">mustard</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#pasta">pasta & noodles</a><font color="#003366">---2000BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/radishes.html" target="new">radishes</a>,
<a href="foodfaq2.html#purslane">purslane</a> &
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100428113447/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ceratonia/index.html" target="new">carob</a> <font
color="#003366">---2000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#peaches">peaches</a><font color="#003366">---2000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#marshmallows">marshmallows</a>, <a
href="foodcandy.html#liquorice">liquorice</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#jujubes">jujubes</a> <font
color="#003366">---2000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#ham">ham</a> &
<a href="foodfaq2.html#sesameseeds">sesame seeds</a> & <a href="foodbreads.html#rye">
cultivated rye</a>
<font color="#00336">---2000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#chocolate">chocolate</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#vanilla">vanilla</a><font
color="#003366">---1500BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.horseradish.org/history.html" target="new">horseradish</a><font
color="#003366">---1500BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#aboutsugar">sugar</a><font
color="#003366">---1200BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#pickles"> pickles</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#mangoes">mangoes</a><font
color="#003366">---1000BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#oats">oats</a> & <a href="foodasian.html#beansprouts">bean sprouts</a><font color="#003366">---1000BC---</font><br>
<a href="fruit.html#pears">pears</a><font color="#003366">---900BC---</font><br>
<a
href="https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/tomato.html">tomatoes</a> & <a
href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/1492/tomatillo.html">tomatillos</a><font
color="#003366">---900BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#celery">celery</a><font color="#003366">---850BC---</font><br>
<a href="http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm?displayID=5" target="new">cinnamon</a><font
color="#003366">---700BC---</font><br>
<a href="fruit.html#bananas">bananas</a>,
<a href="foodfaq2.html#poppyseeds.html">poppy seeds</a> &
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/cabbage.html" target="new">cabbage</a>
<font color="#003366">---600BC---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#guineafowl">Guinea fowl in Greece</a><font color="#003366">---500BC---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodmeats.html#sausage">Italian sausages</a> & <a
href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/artichoke.html" target="new">artichokes</a><font color="#003366">---500BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#pastry">pastries</a> & <a
href="foodfaq7.html#appetizers">appetizers</a><font
color="#003366">---400BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#vinegar">vinegar</a><font color="#003366">---400BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#peppercorns">peppercorns</a>, <a href="foodfaq.html#cardoons">cardoons</a> & <a href="https://www.fao.org/3/t0646e/t0646e.pdf" target="new">garden cress (page 307)</a><font
color="#003366">---400BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#parsley">parsley</a>
<font color="#003366">---300BC---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#turkey">turkeys</a>, <a href="foodfaq.html#asparagus">asparagus</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#rhubarb">rhubarb</a>
<font color="#003366">---200BC---</font>
<br>
<a href="http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/q/quince04.html" target="new">quinces</a><font
color="#003366">---65BC---</font><br>
<a
href="http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/chestnuts.htm">chestnuts</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#horehound">horehound</a><font
color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodlobster.html">lobster, crab & shrimp</a><font color="#003366">---1st
Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#truffles">truffles</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#dill">dill</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#dormice">dormice</a> <font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><br>
<a href="fruit.html#blueberries">blueberries</a> & <a
href="http://www.uga.edu/fruit/rubus.html">raspberries</a><font
color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#capers">capers</a>, <a
href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/turnip.html" target="new">turnips</a> & <a
href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/kale.html" target="new">kale</a>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><br>
<a href="vegetables.html#costmary">costmary</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#blood">blood as food</a><font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font>
<br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#lemons">lemons</a> <font
color="#003366">---3rd Century---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#pretzels">pretzels</a><font
color="#003366">---5th Century---</font><br>
<a
href="vegetables.html#eggplant">eggplant</a><font color="#003366">---6th Century---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/6/id/15/" target="new">spinach</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#sago">sago</a><font
color="#003366">---7th Century---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-coffee/" target="new">coffee</a>,
<a href="https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/culturedspecies/gadus_morhua/en" target="new">cod</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#nutmeg">nutmeg</a><font
color="#003366">---9th century---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html" target="new">loquats</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#flowerwater">flower waters</a><font
color="#003366">---10th century---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#cornedbeef">corned beef</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#cider">cider</a><font
color="#003366">---11th century---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/lychee.html" target="new">lychees</a>, <a href="foodasian.html#seitan">seitan & fu</a>
<font
color="#003366">---11th century---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/breadfruit.html" target="new">breadfruit</a>, & <a
href="foodfaq2.html#okra">okra</a> & <a href="foodfaq.html#artichokes">artichokes</a>
<font color="#003366">---12th century---</font><br><br>
<br>
<a href="fruit.html#gooseberries">gooseberries</a><font color="#003366">---12th century---</font><br>
<br><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#saffronwalden">Walden saffron</a> &
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mexican_lime.html" target="new">Mexican
limes</a><font color="#003366">---14th
century---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#maslin">maslin</a><font color="#003366">---1303---</font><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#coconuts">coconuts</a> & <a href="vegetables.html#rutabagas">rutabagas</a><font color="#003366">---15th
century---</font><br>
<a href="foodasian.html#sushi">Japanese sushi & sashimi</a><font color="#003366">---15th
century---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#porkandbeans">pork & beans</a><font
color="#003366">---1475---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#pineapples">pineapples</a><font
color="#003366">---1493---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#marmalade">marmelade</a> <font
color="#003366">---1495---</font><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#pecans">pecans</a>,
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html" target="new">papayas</a> & <a href="foodfaq.html#cauliflower">cauliflower</a><font
color="#003366">---16th century---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#turkey">turkeys in Europe</a><font
color="#003366">---16th century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#cashews">cashews in India</a><font color="#002266">---16th century---</font><br><a
href="foodmeats.html#tempura">
Japanese tempura</a><font
color="#003366">---16th century---</font><br>
<a href="http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/texaslonghorn/index.html" target="new">Texas
Longhorns</a><font color="#003366">---16th century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#vanilla">vanilla in Europe</a><font color="#003366">---16th century---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodsauces.html#europeantomatoes">tomatoes in Europe</a><font
color="#003366">---1544---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#fruitleather">fruit leather</a><font color="#003366">---1587---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#brussels">Brussels sprouts</a> &
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/kohlrabi.html"> target="new"kohlrabi</a><font
color="#003366">---1587---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#skimmilk">skim milk</a><font color="#003366">---1596---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#yamsandsweets">yams & sweet potatoes</a><font color="#003366">---17th century---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#treacle">treacle</a><font
color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#praline">pralines </a> & <a
href="foodcakes.html#coffeecake">coffee
cake</a><font
color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><br>
<br>
modern <a href="foodicecream.html#icecream">ice cream</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#maplesugar">maple sugar</a><font
color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#cranberries">cranberries in America</a><font
color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#jerusalemartichokes">Jerusalem artichokes</a><font
color="#003366">---1605---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.realcoffee.co.uk/Article.asp?Cat=history&page=3" target="new">coffee in Europe</a><font color="#003366">---1615---</font><br><br>
<br><br>
<a href="http://www.tastings.com/spirits/rum.html" target="new">rum</a><font
color="#003366">---1650---</font>
<br>
<a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/10/nyregion/grant-lee-and-matzo-exhibit-traces-kosher-s-history-in-america.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/K/Kosher%20Foods&pagewanted=1" target="new">Kosher food in the U.S.</a><font
color="#003366">---1654---</font><br>
<a
href="foodfaq.html#blackeyedpeas">blackeyed peas in America</a><font color="#003366">---1675---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#grapefruit">grapefruit in Barbados</a><font color="#003366">---1683---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#broccoli">broccoli in England</a><font color=s'#003366">---1699---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#coffeeamerican">coffee in America</a><font
color="#003366">---18th Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#rootbeer">root beer</a> & <a
href="foodpuddings.html#tapioca">tapioca</a>
</a><font color="#003366">---18th
Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#frenchfries">French fries</a> & <a href="foodsauces.html#ketchup">ketchup</a><font color="#003366">---18th Century---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#hardtack">hardtack & ship's biscuit</a> <font color="#003366">---18th Century---</font><br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.nougat-gerbe-d-or.fr/anglaishistorique.htm" target="new">Montelimar nougat</a><font
color="#003366">---1701---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#casseroles">casseroles</a><font
color="#003366">---1708---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1993.pdf" target="new">Commerical foods</a><font color="#003366">-1740-1820---</font><br>
<a href="https://cropwatch.unl.edu/sugarbeet-history-nebraska" target="new">sugar
beets</a><font
color="#003366">---1747---</font><br><br>
<br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#gelatine">commercial gelatin</a><font color="#003366">---1754---</font><br>
<a href="foodsauces.html#mayo">mayonnaise</a> &
<a href="foodsauces.html#tartar">Tartar sauce</a><font
color="#003366">---1756---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="christmasfood.html#eggnog">egg nog</a><font color="#003366">---1760---</font></br>
<br><br>
<a href="http://www.gov.pe.ca/fae/env/pop.php3" target="new">soda water</a><font
color="#003366">---1767---</font><br><br>
<br><br>
<a
href="http://www.ussl.ars.usda.gov/pls/caliche/halophyte.query?k=Species&q=tetragonoides target="new">New Zealand
spinach</a><font color="#003366">---1771---</font><br><br><br><br><br>
<br>
<a href="https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/tomato.html" target="new">tomatoes in America</a><font color="#003366">---1781---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#lollipops">lollipops</a><font
color="#003366">---1784---</font><br>
<a href="australia.html#muttonbirds">New Zealand mutton birds</a>---<font color="#003366">---1788---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#switchel">
switchel</a><font
color="#003366">---1790---</font><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#squirrel">squirrel</a><font color="#003366">---19th century--</font><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mandarin_orange.html" target="new">Mandarin
oranges/Europe</a><font color="#003366">---1805---</font><br><br><br><br>
<br>
<a href="http://www.historicfood.com/Ice%20Cream%20Cone.htm" target="new">ice cream cones</a> & <a href="foodbreads.html#pullman">sandwich
bread</a><font
color="#003366">---1807---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#cornsyrup">corn syrup</a> & <a href="http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/JF02/canadianfoodfirsts.asp" target="new">McIntosh
apples</a><font color="#003366">---1811---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#toffee">taffy, toffee &
butterscotch</a><font color="#003366">---1817---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#newpotatoes">new potatoes</a><font color="#003366">---1817---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#ladyfingers">lady fingers</a><font
color="#003366">---1820---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#cocoa">cocoa</a><font
color="#003366">---1828---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="http://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=RA2-PA2003&lpg=RA2-PA2003&dq=soda+soft+drinks+1830&source=bl&ots=nHNj84q7vj&sig=QtHRhbA7nxoIGuXgWBc75V4x9SE&hl=en&ei=rNjgSc2OIYbmlQedn_HfDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6" target="new">soft drinks in America</a><font
color="#003366">---1830---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#turkishdelight">Turkish delight</a> & <a href="foodsauces.html#worcestershiresauce">
Worcestershire sauce</a><font color="#003366">---1830---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#gibraltar">Gibraltar rock</a><font color="#003366">---1831---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#iodizedsalt">iodized salt</a><font color=#003366">---1833---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.worcestercitymuseums.org.uk/mag/spirit/spsauce.htm" target="new">Worsestershire sauce</a> &
<a href="http://www.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/mint.html" target="new">Michigan
mint</a><font color="#003366">---1835---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.idahopotato.com/?page=aristocrat_popup&is_popup=1&id=5" target="new">Idaho
potatoes</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html#custardpowder">custard
powder</a><font
color="#003366">---1837---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mexican_lime.html" target="new">Key limes</a><font
color="#003366">---1839---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#cornstarch">corn starch</a><font color="#003366">---1842---</font><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodasian.html">Chinese food in
America</a><font color="#003366">---1847---</a><br>
<a href="http://www.southboroughhistory.org/History/Burnett%20Company/History_of_J_Burnett_Company.htm" target="new">vanilla extract</a><font
color="#003366">---1847---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html" target="new">Concord grapes</a><font
color="#003366">---1849---</font><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#marshmallows">modern marshmallows</a>
<font color="#003366">--1850---</font><br>
<a href="https://absolutemichigan.com/michigan/michigan-cherries/" target="new">cherries</a> in
Michigan<font color="#003366">---1852---</font><br>
<a href="http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/george-crum" target="new">potato chips</a><font
color="#003366">---1853---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.eaglebrand.com/history" target="new">Condensed milk</a> </a><font
color="#003366">---1856---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.mondelezinternational.com/Canada/Our-Brands/Peek-Freans" target="new">Peek Freans</a><font
color="#003366">---1857---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="https://www.nfff.co.uk/pages/fish-and-chips" target="new">fish &
chips</a><font
color="#003366">---1860---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#garibaldi">Garibaldi biscuits</a><font color="#003366">---1860s---</font><br>
<br><br><br>
<a href="https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/vernors-ginger-ale" target="new">Vernor's
Ginger Ale</a><font
color="#003366">---1862---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.cuisinenet.com/articles/breakfast-cereal-beginnings/" target="new">breakfast cereal</a><font
color="#003366">---1863---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#conversationhearts">Conversation
Hearts</a><font color="#003366">---1866---</a><br><br>
<a href="foodbaby.html">synthetic baby food</a><font
color="#003366">---1867---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.tabasco.com/tabasco_history/index.cfm" target="new">Tabasco sauce</a><font
color="#003366">---1868---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.fleischmannsyeast.com/our-history/" target="new">Fleischmann's
Yeast</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#kobe">Kobe beef</a><font color="#003366">---1868---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="statefoods.html#welch">Welch's grape juice</a><font color="#003366">---1869---</font><br><br>
<a href="shortening.html#margarine">margarine</a> & <a href="shortening.html#unsaltedbutter">unsalted butter</a>---1870s---</font><br>
<a
href="https://caraisins.com/history/">California
raisins</a><font color="#003366">---1870s--</font><br><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#nycreamcheese">Philadelphia cream cheese</a><font color="#003366">---1872---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#grahamcrackers">Graham crackers</a>
<font color="#003366">---1872---</font>
<br>
<br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx" target="new">Heinz Ketchup</a><font
color="#003366">---1876---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#fondant">fondant</a><font
color="#003366">---1877---</font><br>
<a href="food2.html#bloodorange">blood oranges in USA</a> & <a href="fruit.html#thompsonseedless">Thompson seedless grapes</a><font color="#003366">---1878---</font><br><br>
<a href="http://www.homestatfarm.com/MemoryLane/ACenturyofWheatena/tabid/3012/Default.aspx target="new"">Wheatena</a> &
<a href="http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1994/aug2294/remsen.html" target="new">Saccharin</a><font
color="#003366">---1879---</font><br><br><br>
<a
href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html">passion fruit</a>,
<a href="foodeggs.html#driedeggs">desiccated eggs</a> & <a href="vegetables.html#crosnes">crosnes</a>
<font color="#003366">---1880s--</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#salt water">salt water taffy</a> &
<a href="foodsalads.html#frenchdressing">French dressing</a><font
color="#003366">---1880s--<br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#leaflard">Armour's 'Simon Pure'Leaf Lard</a><font color="#003366">---1884--</font><br>
<br>
<a href="foodicecream.html#milkshake">milk shakes</a> & <a href="https://drpeppermuseum.com/history/" target="new">Dr Pepper</a><font
color="#003366">---1885---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#educator">Educator crackers</a>, <a href="foodmeats.html#salisburysteak">Salisbury steak</a> & <a href="http://www.petevaporatedmilk.com/history/Default.htm" target="new">evaporated
milk</a><font color="#003366">---1885---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/history" target="new">Coca Cola</a><font
color="#003366">---1886---</font><br>
<a href="foodicecream.html#maltedmilk">malted milk</a> & <a
href="http://www.georgiapecans.org/general-info/pecan-facts" target="new">Georgia pecans</a><font
color="#003366">---1887---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#pancakesyrups">pancake syrups</a><font color="#003366">---1887---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodpies.html#pizza">pizza</a><font
color="#003366">---1889---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#fignewtons">Fig Newtons</a>
<font color="#003366">---1891---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#crackerjack">Cracker
Jacks</a>---1893---</font><br>
<a href="foodpuddings.html#minutetapioca">Minute tapioca</a><font color="#003366">---1894---</font><br>
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#aboutpeanutbutter">peanut butter</a> & <a href="teatime.html#teabag">tea bags</a>
<font color="#003366">---1895---</font><br>
<a href="foodasian.html#chopsuey">Chop
suey</a> &
<a href="https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/collin-street-bakery-corsicana" target="new">Corsicana fruitcake</a><font
color="#003366">---1896---</font><br>
<a
href="foodcookies.html#oatmeal">oatmeal cookies</a><font
color="#003366">---1896---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.jellogallery.org/" target="new">Jell-O</a> & <a href="foodfaq5.html#campbells">Campbell's tomato soup</a>
<font color="#003366">---1897---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#cottoncandy">cotton candy</a> & <a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tangelo.html" target="new">tangelos</a><font
color="#003366">---1897---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#jellybeans">jelly beans</a> & <a href="halloween.html#candycorn">candy corn</a>
<font color="#003366">---1898---</font><br>
<a href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/onions/onionhis.html" target="new">Texas
sweet onions</a> <font color="#003366">---1898---</font><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br>
<a href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/Feb02/hearthfeb.htm" target="new">Cottolene</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#plasmon">Plasmon</a>
<font color="#003366">---1900---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#elbow">elbow macaroni</a> & <a href="foodicecream.html#icecreamsandwich">Ice cream sandwiches</a><font color="#003366">---1900---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#peanut">peanut butter & jelly</a><font
color="#00336">---1901---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#animal">Animal Crackers</a> & <a href="foodcookies.html#black&white">
Black & Whites</a><font
color="#003366">---1902---</font><br><br><a
href="http://www.karosyrup.com/our-history/">Karo syrup</a><font color="#003366">---1902---</font><br><br>
<a href="http://www.globefish.org/upl/Publications/GRP74TUNA_Mailing.pdf" target="new">canned tuna</a><font color="#003366">---1903---</font><br>
<a href="foodicecream.html#bananasplit">banana splits</a> & <a href="http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/en/article.asp?chco_id=23" target="new">
Ovaltine</a><font
color="#003366">---1904---</font><br><br>
<a href="http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kiwifruit/2" target="new">New Zealand kiwi</a> <font
color="#003366">---1904---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="foodpies.html#nypizza">New York pizza</a>
<font color="#003366">---1905---</font><br><br>
<a href="statefoods.html#taylorporkroll">Taylor Pork Roll</a><font
color="#003366">---1906---</font><br> <br><br><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#meyerlemons">Meyer lemons</a><font color="#003366">---1908---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130319045905/http://www.cornellcollege.edu/chemistry/cstrong/512/MSG.pdf" target="new">Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
</a><font color="#003366">---1909---</font><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#orangejuice">orange juice</a><font color="#003366">---1910s--</font><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="https://crisco.com/our-heritage/" target="new">Crisco</a> <font color="#003366">---1911---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.junketdesserts.com/history.aspx" target="new">Junket</a> &
<a href="foodfaq2.html#olivenaise">Olivenaise</a><font color="#003366">---1911---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#oreos">Oreos</a> & <a href="foodfaq.html#maraschino">maraschino cherries</a>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><br><br>
<a href="foodasian.html#fortunecookies">fortune cookies</a>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#mallomars">Mallomars</a><font
color="#003366">---1913---</font><br>
<br><br>
<a href="restaurants.html#panpak">Pan-Pak</a><font color="#003366">---1915---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="foodlobster.html#shark">American shark</a><font color="#003366"> &
<a href="australia.html#copha">Australian Copha</a>---1916---</font></b>
<br><br><br>
<a href="http://moonpie.com/about" target="new">Moon pies</a> & <a href="https://marshmallowfluff.com/history-of-marshmallow-fluff/" target="new">Marshmallow Fluff</a><font
color="#003366">---1917---</font><br><br><br>
<a href="https://cherrymash.com/our-legacy/" target="new">Chase's Cherry Mash</a><font
color="#003366">---1918---</font><br><br>
<br><br><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#hostess">Hostess cup cakes</a><font color="#003366">---1919---</font><br>
<br><br><br><br><br>
<a href="https://sova.si.edu/record/NMAH.AC.0553" target="new">Eskimo Pie</a> & <a
href="http://www.goodhumor.com/Our-History.aspx" target="new">Good Humor</a><font
color="#003366">---1920---</font><br><br>
<a
href="https://www.yoo-hoo.com/" target="new">Yoo-hoo</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#cubesteak">cube steak</a><font
color="#003366">---1920s--</font><br><br><br>
<a href="http://www.wonderbread.com/#/about_wonder_bread/history" target="new">Wonder Bread</a> &
<a href="foodfaq2.html#zucchini">zucchini</a>
<font
color="#003366">---1921---</font><br><br><br><br>
<a
href="http://www.kraftbrands.com/kraftvegemite/Pages/the-vegemite-story.aspx" target="new">Vegemite</a> &
<a href="http://www.girlscouts.org/program/gs_cookies/history.asp" target="new">Girl Scout Cookies</a><font
color="#003366">---1922---</font><br>
<a href="foodicecream.html#popsicles">popsicles
</a><font color="#003366">---1923---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/how-we-got-frozen-food-1" target="new">frozen
foods</a> & <a href="https://www.loc.gov/collections/working-in-paterson/about-this-collection/" target="new">Texas hot
weiners</a><font color="#003366">---1924---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#readytospread">ready-to-spread frostings</a> &
<a href="foodcandy.html#jujubes">Jujyfruit candy</a><font color="#003366">---1925---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.orangejulius.com/about-us/" target="new">Orange Julius</a>
<font color="#003366">---1926---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.adamshistory.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32:kool-aid&catid=2&Itemid=42" target="new">Kool-Aid</a>, <a
href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/haas.html">Pez</a>, <a href="regionalfoods.html#pepperonirolls" target="new">Pepperoni Rolls</a>, & <a href="foodcandy.html#bridgemix">Bridge mix</a>
<font
color="#003366">---1927---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.gerber.com/AllStages/About/Heritage.aspx" target="new">Gerber's baby food</a> & <a
href="http://mistersf.com/new/newitsit.htm">It's It</a><font
color="#003366">---1928---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hersheycanada.com/en/products/details/twizzlers/index.asp" target="new">Twizzlers</a> &
<a
href="http://www.karmelkorn.com/sec_history.html">Karmelkorn</a><font
color="#003366">---1929---</font><br>
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#submarine">Po'Boy & hot Italian sandwiches</a><font
color="#003366">--1929---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#twinkies">Twinkies</a> &
<a href="http://www.jiffymix.com/index.php/history/" target="new">Jiffy biscuit mix</a><font
color="#003366">--1930---</font><br>
<a href="fooddecades.html#30heinz">Heinz 57 product line</a><font color="#003366">---1930---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#slicedbread">sliced bread</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#soupmix">dry soup mix</a><font
color="#003366">---1930s---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#spiralham">spiral carved hams</a> & <a href="foodfaq.html#cheesepuffs">cheese puffs</a><font color="#003366">---1930s---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.vidaliaonion.org/commercial/about-vidalia-onion-committee.php" target="new">Vidalia onions</a> &
<a href="foodpies.html#frisbie">Frisbie Pies</a><font color="#003366">---1930s---</font><br>
<a href="foodmexican.html#tacos">tacos</a> in LA<font
color="#003366">---1931---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#londonbroil">London Broil</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#tritip">Tri-tip steak</a>
<font color="#003366">---1931---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#refrigeratorbiscuits">refrigerator biscuits</a><font color="#003366">---1931---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.fritolay.com/about-frito-lay/company-story" target="new">Fritos</a> & <a href="foodbaby.html#pablum">Pablum</a>
<font color="#003366">---1932---</font><br>
<a href="foodmarsh.html">Marshmallow Sandwich cookies</a><font color="#003366">---1932---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#chocolatepretzels">chocolate covered pretzels</a> <font color="#003366">---1933---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.hawaiianpunch.com/" target="new">Hawaiian
Punch</a> & <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070813/http://njfarmfresh.rutgers.edu/pdfs/Whatsinseason8-6-07.pdf" target="new">Rutgers tomatoes</a> <font
color="#003366">---1934---</font><br>
<a href="foodcookies.html#ritz">Nabisco's Ritz crackers</a><font color="#003366">---1934---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#creamofmushroom">Campbell's cream of mushroom soup</a> &
<a href="foodmexican.html#burritos">Tex-Mex burritos</a>
<font color="#003366">---1934---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#sloppyjoes">sloppy joes</a><font color="#003366">---1935---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#pyomy">Py-O-My</a> & <a href="foodsandwiches.html#dagwood">Dagwood
sandwiches</a><font color="#003366">---1936---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#SPAM">SPAM</a>, <a
href="http://www.krispykreme.com/history.html" target="new">Krispy Kreme</a> & <a href="foodmarsh.html#hippodromes">Hippodromes</a><font
color="#003366">---1937---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#hollywood">Hollywood bread</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#chicken&waffles">chicken & waffles</a><font
color="#003366">---1938---</font><br>
<a href="foodicecream.html#chocho">Cho cho ice cream treats</a><font color="#003366">---1939---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.ugli.com/about_us.html" target="new">
Ugli fruit</a> & <a href="https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT71326739/PDF" target="new">seedless
watermelon</a><font color="#003366">---1939---</a><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#galloncontainers">milk sold by the gallon</a><font color="#003366">---1939---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hersheys.com/york/our-story.aspx" target="new">York Peppermint
Patties</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#spongecandy">sponge candy</a><font
color="#003366">---1940---</font><br>
<a href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/mars.html" target="new">M & Ms</a> & <a
href="https://history.generalmills.com/brand-cheerios.html">Cheerios</a>
<font color="#003366">---1941---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#corndogs">Corn dogs/Pronto pups</a>
& <a href="foodcakes.html#blackout">Blackout cakes</a><font
color="#003366">---1942---</font><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#chicagopizza">Chicago-style pizza</a><font
color="#003366">---1943---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#frozenorangejuice">frozen orange juice</a> &
<a href="http://www.nutellausa.com/history.htm" target="new">Nutella</a><font
color="#003366">---1946---</font><br>
<a href="fooddecades.html#gourmet1946"><i>Gourmet</i></a> (magazine) food ads</i><font color="#003366">---1946---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#aboutcakemixes">Betty Crocker's cake mix</a><font
color="#003366">---1947---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#frozenfrench">frozen french fries</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#sausea">Sau Sea shrimp cocktail</a><font
color="#003366">--1948---</font><br><a href="https://www.denverpost.com/2006/09/01/no-ranch-but-her-life-was-jolly/" target="new">Jolly
Ranchers</a> <font color="#003366">---1949---</font><br>
<a href="foodpuddings.html#instantpudding">instant pudding</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#highaltitude">high altitude cake mix</a><font
color="#003366">---1949---</font><br>
<a href="parbakedbread.pdf">parbaked bread</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#fridayfranks">Friday Franks</a><font color="#003366">---1949---</font><br>
<a href="foodmexican.html#mexican">American Tex-Mex</a><font color="#003366">---1950s--</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#irishcoffee">Irish coffee</a>, <a href="foodbeverages.html#cappuccino">cappuccino</a> &
<a href="foodbeverages.html#smoothies">smoothies</a><font color="#003366">---1950s--</font><br>
<a href="foodpies.html#frozenpizza">frozen pizza</a><font color="#003366">---1950---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#chickenfurter">chickenfurters</a><font color="#003366">---1951---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#dietsoda">diet soda</a> & <a href="foodfaq.html#cheezwhiz">Cheez Whiz</a>
<font color="#003366">---1952---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#duncanhines">Duncan Hines cake mixes</a><font color="#003366">---1952---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.homestatfarm.com/MemoryLane/MaypoTransformation/tabid/2997/Default.aspx" target="new">Maypo</a>
<font color="#003366">---1953---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.justborn.com/get-to-know-us/our-story" target="new">Marshmallow
Peeps</a> <font
color="#003366">---1953---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/tvdinner.html" target="new">TV Dinners</a><font
color="#003366">---1953---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.hiddenvalley.com/about-us/" target="new">ranch dressing</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#tracklements">tracklements</a><font
color="#003366">---1954---</font><br>
<br>
<a href="foodpies.html#frozenpiecrust">frozen pie crust</a><font color="#003366">---1955---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#chocolateants">chocolate covered ants</a><font
color="#003366">---1956---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#tang">Tang</a> &
<a href="https://www.conagrabrands.com/our-food/brands/PAM-cooking" target="new">Pam</a><font
color="#003366">---1957---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.ricearoni.com/rar_aboutUs/foundingFamily/" target="new">Rice-A-Roni</a> & <a href="foodasian.html#ramen">instant ramen noodles</a> <font
color="#003366">---1958---</font><br>
<a href="https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections?key=35&objkey=97" target="new">brown rice
in USA</a><font color="#003366">---1960s---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#fruitstripegum">Fruit Stripe gum</a><font color="#003366">---1960---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.quakeroats.com/about-quaker-oats/content/quaker-history.aspx#yr10" target="new">Life
cereal</a><font
color="#003366">---1961---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.myrecipes.com/ingredients/instant-potato-flakes-history" target="new">instant
mashed potatoes</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#pdq">PDQ</a><font color="#003366">---1962---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#roundsliced">round sandwich bread</a><font color="#003366">---1963---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#brown&serve">Brown & Serve bacon</a><font color="#003366">---1963---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#carnationinstant">Carnation Instant Breakfast</a> &
<a href="foodfaq2.html#waffles">Belgian waffles</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#poptarts">Pop Tarts</a><font color="#003366">---1964---</font><br>
<a href="https://anchorbar.com/about-us/history/" target="new">Buffalo Wings</a>
<font color="#003366">---1964---</font><br>
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#chickensandwich">fast food chicken sandwiches</a><font color="#003366">---1964---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.gatorade.com.mx/company/heritage" target="new">Gatorade</a> & <a
href="http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2005-07-10-slurpee-usat_x.htm" target="new">Slurpees</a><font
color="#003366">---1965---</font><br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#hfcs">high fructose corn syrup</a><font color="#003366">---1967---</font>
<br>
<a href="http://www.njfarmfresh.rutgers.edu/JerseyTomato.html" target="new">
Ramapo tomatoes</a><font color="#003366">---1968---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.snackpack.com/" target="new">Snack Pack</a> & <a href="http://www.spacefoodsticks.com/history.html" target="new">Space Food Sticks</a>
<font color="#003366">---1968---</font><br>
<a href="foodcakes.html#snackincake">Snackin Cake</a><font color="#003366">---1971---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#beefalo">beefalo</a>&& <a href="fruit.html#flameseedless">Flame Seedless grapes</a><font color="#003366">---1973---</font><br>
<a href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/holsinger.html" target="new">Lactaid</a><font color="#003366">---1974---</font>
<br>
<a href="foodcandy.html#poprocks" target="new">Pop Rocks</a> &
<a href="http://www.jellybelly.com/about_jelly_belly/company_history.aspx" target="new">Jelly Bellies</a>
<font color="#003366">---1976---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#orangecauliflower">orange cauliflower</a><font color="#003366">---1976---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#pulledpork">pulled pork</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#generic">generic foods</a><font color="#003366">---1977---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#panko">panko</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#portobello">portobello mushrooms</a>
<font color="#003366">---1980s---</font><br>
<a href="foodbeverages.html#bubbletea">bubble tea</a>, <a href="foodmeats.html#nuggets">chicken nuggets</a> & <a href="foodsauces.html#sriracha">Sriracha sauce<a> <font color="#003366">---1980s---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.uoguelph.ca/plant/research/potato/history/yukongold.html" target="new">Yukon gold
potatoes</a><font
color="#003366">---1980---</font><br>
<a href="http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/wenner.html" target="new">Gardenburgers</a><font color="#003366">---1982---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-445.html" target="new">Orangetti spaghetti
squash</a><font color="#003366">---1986---</font><br>
<a href="https://www.redbull.com/us-en/energydrink/company-profile" target="new">Red Bull energy drink</a><font color="#003366">---1984---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#everythingbagel">everything bagels</a> & <a href="foodbreads.html#garlicknots">garlic knots</a>
<font color="#003366">---1988---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#artisan">artisan breads</a> & <a href="https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45477" target="new">
greenhouse tomatoes</a><font color="#003366">---1990s---</font><br>
<a href="foodasian.html#edamame">edamame in the USA</a><font color="#003366">---1990s---</font><br>
<a href="foodmeats.html#turkeybacon">turkey bacon</a><font color="#003366">---1991---</font><br>
<a href="foodbreads.html#pretzelbread">pretzel bread</a><font color=#003366">---1992---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq.html#broccolini">broccolini</a><font color="#003366">---1993---</font><br>
Flavr Savr tomatoes <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000623222455/http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/BA/Flavr_Savr_Arrives.html" target="new">I (launch)</a> & <a href="https://smile.oregonstate.edu/sites/smile.oregonstate.edu/files/additional_resources-flavr_savr.pdf" target="new">II (shelved in 1997)</a><font color="#003366">---1994---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.tofurky.com/tofurkyproducts/holiday_products.html" target="new">Tofurkey</a><font ocolor="#003366">---1995---</font><br>
<a
href="foodsauces.html#grapetomatoes">grape tomatoes</a><font color="#003366">---1997---</font><br>
<a href="https://ianrnews.unl.edu/0102260.html" target="new">Omega 3 Eggs</a><font color="#003366">---2001---</font><br>
<a href="https://ianrnews.unl.edu/0205104.html" target="new">Flat iron steak</a> & <a
href="http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080202115345.htm" target="new">tear-free onions</a><font
color="#003366">---2002---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#mexicanfunnelcake">Mexican funnel cake</a><font color="#003366">---2008---</font><br>
<a href="http://www.restaurant.org/News-Research/Research/What-s-Hot" target="new">What's hot?</a><font color="#003366">---2013---</font><br>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#cronuts">Cronuts</a> &
<a href="https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/google-founder-sergey-brin-man-300k-test-tube/story?id=19872215" target="new">test tube
burgers</a><font color="#003366">---2013---</font><br>
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<td width="63%" valign="top" align="left">
<IMG SRC="recipes.gif" height="50" width="120"
ALT="historic recipes"><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br>
<font
color="#003366">---10,000BC---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#flour">flour</a>, <a
href="foodbreads.html#breadhistory">bread</a> & <a
href="foodsoups.html">soup</a><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br>
<br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---4000BC---</font><a
href="foodbreads.html">yeast breads</a>: pitta & focaccia
<br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---3000BC---</font><a href="foodicecream.html">ice cream</a> <br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---2300BC---</font><a href="foodfaq3.html#egypt">Ancient
Egypt</a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1700BC---</font><a
href="foodfaq3.html#mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a>
<a
href="http://mesopotamia.lib.uchicago.edu/mesopotamialife/article.php?theme=Daily%20Life" target="new">banquets<a/> & <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121004013142/http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/ED/TRC/MESO/life_a.pdf" target="new">recipes</a><br><br><br><br>
<br><br>
<font color="#003366">---900BC---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#polenta">polenta</a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---350BC---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#dolma">dolma</a><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodfaq3.html#biblenew">Bible era foods</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodfaq6.html#ancientrome">Ancient Rome</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#friedchicken">fried
chicken</a>, <a href="foodmeats.html#foiegras">foie
gras</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font> <a
href="foodfaq1.html#frenchtoast">French toast</a> & <a
href="foodeggs.html#omelettes">omlettes</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a
href="foodsoups.html#italianweddingsoup">Italian wedding
soup</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html#rice">rice pudding</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodpuddings.html#flan">flan</a> &
<a
href="foodcakes.html#cheesecake">cheesecake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodpuddings.html#haggis">The
Haggis</a>, <a href="foodfaq1.html#stuffeddates">stuffed dates</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#pearsinwine">pears in syrup</a> <br>
<font
color="#003366">---1st Century---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#challah">challah</a> &
<a href="foodbreads.html#parthian">Parthian</a>
breads</a><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---3rd Century---</font><a
href="http://www.fh-augsburg.de/%7Eharsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_re00.html" target="new"></i>De Re
Culinaria</i></a> (in Latin) & <a
href="https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0721968f" target="new">De Opsoniis et
Condimentis</a>, Apicius<br>
<font color="#003366">---4th century---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#byzantinebread">Byzantine bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---5th-9th century---</font><a
href="https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq3.html#anglosaxon" target="new">Anglo-Saxon foods</a><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---7th century---</font><a
href="http://www.lifeinkorea.com/culture/kimchi/kimchi.cfm?xURL=origin" target="new">kimchi</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---8th century---</font><a
href="foodmaya.html#maya">Ancient
Maya</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---8th-12th century---</font><a href="foodfaq3.html#viking">Viking foods</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---9th century---</font><a
href="foodcandy.html#halva">halva</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#goulash">goulash</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---10th-15th century---</font><a
href="foodfaq3.html#medieval"><b>Medieval food & menus</b>
</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---10th century---</font><a href="foodasian.html#pekingduck">Peking
duck</a> & <a href="foodasian.html#sharksfin">Shark's fin soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---11th century---</font><a href="foodpies.html#baklava">baklava</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#bannock">bannock</a><br>
<br><br><br>
<font
color="#003366">---13th Century---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#ravioli">ravioli</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#lasagna">
lasagne</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#mozzarella">mozzarella cheese</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---13th Century---</font><a
href="foodfaq2.html#pancakes">pancakes</a> & <a
href="foodfaq2.html#waffles">waffles</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---13th century---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#brawn">brawn</a>,
<a href="foodfaq2.html#salsify">salsify</a> & <a
href="foodfaq1.html#couscous">couscous</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font>
<a href="foodmeats.html#kebabs">kebabs</a> & <a href="foodasian.html#mooncakes">moon cakes</a></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#scrambled">scrambled eggs</a> &
<a href="foodmexican.html#avocados">guacamole</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font><a href="foodlobster.html#escabeche">escabeche</a> & <a href="fruit.html#verjuice">verjuice</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font><a href="foodpies.html#aboutpie">pie</a> &
<a
href="http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20010313" target="new">humble pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font>
<a href="foodcakes.html#kolache">kolache</a>, <a href="foodbreads.html#trenchers">Trenchers</a>, <a href="foodpuddings.html#frumenty">Frumenty</a> &
<a href="foodpuddings.html#blancmanger">Blancmanger</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---14th century---</font><a
href="http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/vi-vat.htm" target="new"><i>Viandier de Taillevent</i></a> &
<a href="http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/menagier/" target="new"><i>Le Menagier de Paris</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1381---</font><a href="foodpies.html#applepie">apple pie</a> &
<a href="foodfaq2.html#crumpets">crumpets</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1386---</font><a
href="http://www.godecookery.com/chaucer/ccookery.htm">Chaucerian Cookery</a>,
feasts!<br>
<font color="#003366">---1390---</font>
<I><a href="http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/foc/" target="new">The Forme of Cury</a></i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1390---</font><a
href="foodfaq.html#applesauce">applesauce</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1393---</font><a
href="foodfaq1.html#friedcheese">fried cheese sticks</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1395---</font><a href="christmasfood.html#gingerbread">gingerbread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---15th century---</font><a href="foodcandy.html#jellyjam">jelly, jams & preserves</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---15th century---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#stracciatelle">stracciatelle & zanzarelli</a>,
<a href="foodfaq2.html#risotto">risotto</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---15th century---</font> <a
href="foodsoups.html#borscht">borscht</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#marzipan">marzipan</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---15th century</font>--<a href="foodsauces.html#robert">Sauce Robert</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---15th century---</font> <a href="foodfaq1.html#doughnuts">doughnuts</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#hotdogs">hot dogs</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1475---</font> <a href="christmasfood.html#wassail">wassail</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1492---Christopher Columbus</font> <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130805092929/http://www.castellobanfi.com/pdf_files/ChristopherColumbus-HisGastronomicPersona.pdf" target="new">old world cuisine</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---16th century---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#sweetbreads">sweetbreads</a> & <a
href="foodmexican.html#salsa">salsa</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---16th century---</font><a href="foodpies.html#quiche">quiche</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#puffpaste">puff paste</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---16th century---</font><a href="foodasian.html#teriyaki">teriyaki chicken</a> & <a
href="http://www.cornwall-online.co.uk/history/pasty.htm" target="new">Cornish pastys</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#bigos">Polish Bigos</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---16th century---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#snow">English snow eggs</a> & <a href="christmasfood.html#syllabub">syllabub</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1514---</font><a
href="http://www.kookhistorie.nl/NBC/index_nbc.htm" target="new"><i>Een Notabel Boecxken Van
Cokeryen</i></a>, in Dutch<br>
<font color="#003366">---1545---</font><a
href="http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bookecok.htm" target="new"><i>A Proper newe Booke of
Cokerye</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1590---</font><a
href="foodfaq3.html#shakespeare">Shakepeare's food</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1593---</font><a
href="http://www.kookhistorie.nl/cb/index_cb.htm" target="new"><i>Cocboeck</i></a>, Carolus Battus (in
Dutch)<br>
<font
color="#003366">---1596---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#englishtrifle">English
trifle</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1597---</font><a
href="foodsalads.html#potatosalad">potato salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1598---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#cockaleekie">cock-a-leekie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1599---</font><a href="foodpuddings.html#hasty">hasty pudding</a><br>
<font
color="#003366">---17th Century---</font>
<a href="foodfaq.html#cornbread">corn bread, hoe cakes, spoonbread & hominy</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><a
href="foodpies.html#chess">chess pie</a> & <a
href="foodcookies.html#shortbread">shortbread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---17th Century---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#frenchonionsoup">French
onion soup</a>, <a href="foodsoups.html#peas">pea soup</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#creampuffs">cream puffs</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---17th century---</font> Salad
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208071142/http://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_17_Century_Salads.pdf" target="new"> I </a> & <a
href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/July01/hearthjul.htm" target="new">II</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---17th century</font> <a href="foodsoups.html#hodgepodge">Hodge Podge</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#ollapodrida">Olla
Podria</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1604---</font><a
href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/hearthaug.htm" target="new">Raspberry jelly</a> & modern
version<br>
<font color="#003366">---1607--</font>Jamestown settlers ate </font><a
href="http://www.historyisfun.org/pdfbooks/life_at_jamestown.pdf" target="new">pottage</a> (p. 20)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1610---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#bagels">bagels</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1612---</font><a href="http://www.kookhistorie.nl/magirus/magirus1612.htm" target="new"><i>Koocboec
oft familieren keukenboec</i></a>, Magirus (in Dutch)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1615---</font><a
href="http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/1615murr.htm" target="new"><i>A New booke of
cookerie</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1616---</font><a
href="http://www.notaker.com/onlitxts/kogebog.htm" target="new"><i>Koge-Bog</i></a> (first printed
Nordic cookbook)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1621---</font>
<a href="foodthanksgiving.html#colonialthanksgiving">Pilgrim Thanksgiving</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1638---</font><a href="foodbeverages.html#mobby">Mobby</a><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1653---</font><a href="foodpies.html#pumpkinpie">pumpkin
pie</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#lemonade">lemonade</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1662---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#bostonbrown">Boston brown bread</a> (aka Ryaninjun)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1664---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#potato">potato bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1669---</font><a href="http://www.kookhistorie.nl/VK/index_vk.htm" target="new"><i>De Verstandige Kock</i></a>, in
Dutch<br>
<font color="#003366">---1672---</font><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14377/14377-8.txt" target="new"><i>Queen-Like Closet</i></a>,
Hannah Wooley<br>
<font color="#003366">---1683---</font><a
href="https://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/lott/recipe.html" target="new"><i>De Verstandige
Kock</i></a>, colonial Dutch recipes<br>
<font color="#003366">---1685---</font><a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22790" target="new"><i>Accomplisht Cook</i></a>,
Robert May<br>
<font color="#003366">---1686---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#croissants">croissants</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1691---</font><a href="foodpies.html#lemonmeringuepie">lemon meringue
pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1694---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#portable">portable soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1698---</font><a href="foodbeverages.html#punch">punch</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1699---</font>John Evelyn's <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15517/15517-h/15517-h.htm" target="new"><i>
Acetaria: Discourse of Sallets</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century ---</font><a
href="foodcolonial.html#colonialfare">Colonial & Early American fare</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century ---</font><a
href="foodlobster.html#crabcakes">crab cakes</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#ratafia">ratafia</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#sangria">
sangria</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century---</font> <a href="foodfaq2.html#muffins">muffins</a> & <a
href="foodcookies.html#crackers">crackers</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century---</font>
<a href="foodsoups.html#chowder">chowder</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#beeftea">beef tea</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---18th century---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#stickybuns">cinnimon
buns</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#englishmuffins">English muffins</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1702---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#pepperpot">pepper pot soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1706---</font><a
href="foodmeats.html#croquettes">croquettes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1720---</font><a
href="https://www.loc.gov/item/44028152/" target="new"><i>Receipts of Pastry and Cookery for the Use of his Scholars</i></a>, Ed. Kidder<br>
<font color="#003366">---1725---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#rabbit">Welsh Rabbit</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1727---</font><a
href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/June01/hearthjun.htm" target="new">Hasty pudding</a>, <i>The
Compleat Housewife</i> E. Smith<br>
<font color="#003366">---1728---</font>
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208051331/https://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Ketchup.pdf" target="new">mushroom ketchup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1736---</font><a href="foodcandy.html#tablet">Scottish tablet</a><br>
<font
color="#003366">---1740---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#poundcake">pound cake</a> & <a
href="foodcakes.html#cupcakes">cupcakes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1744---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#espagnole">Espagnole sauce</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1747---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#floating">Floating island</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1747---</font><a href="foodpuddings.html#yorkshire">Yorkshire
pudding</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#sweetpotatopie">sweet potato pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1747---</font>
<a href="https://archive.org/details/acollectionabov00kettgoog/page/n209/mode/2up?q=magundy" target="new">Salmagundi</a> &
<a href="foodfaq1.html#mashedpotatoes">mashed potatoes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1753---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#dietbread">diet bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1754---</font><a
href="http://www.history.org/Almanack/life/food/foodhdr.cfm">Colonial Williamsburg</a>
food<br>
<font color="#003366">---1754---</font> <a href="foodmeats.html#swedishmeatballs">Swedish meatballs</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1755---</font> <a href="foodsoups.html#turtle">turtle soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1762---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html">sandwiches</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1764---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10072/10072.txt" target="new"><i>English Houswifery</i></a>,
Elizabeth Moxon<br>
<font color="#003366">---1765---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#applesauce">apple butter</a>
<br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1769---</font><a
href="http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/raffald1769.html" target="new">beef
a la mode</a> , <i>Experienced English Housekeeper</i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1769---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#eccles">Eccles
cakes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1770---</font><a
href="foodcolonial.html#colonial">Colonial wedding
cakes</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#crabsoup">Crab soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1771---</font> <a
href="foodcakes.html#election">Election Cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1775---</font><a
href="http://www.paulreverehouse.org/kids/justforfun.html" target="new">Dried apples</a> from <a
href="http://www.paulreverehouse.org/kids/kitchen.html" target="new"> Paul Revere's kitchen</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---July 4, 1776---</font><a href="july4th.html">American Independence Day menus 1776--present</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1780s---</font><a
href="http://www.mountvernon.org/learn/explore_mv/index.cfm/pid/289/" target="new">Martha
Washington's
Great Cake</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1780s---</font>Thomas Jefferson's
<a href="http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/dayinlife/dining/at.html" target="new">ice cream</a> <a
href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri034.html" target="new">(manuscript)</a> & <a
href="http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/dayinlife/breakfast/at.html" target="new">muffins</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1780s---</font>Martha Jefferson's <a
href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri033.html" target="new">cream cheese</a><br>
<font
color="#003366">---1782---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#souffle">souffle</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1784---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#mulligatawny">Mulligatawny soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1785---</font><a
href="http://www.notaker.com/onlitxts/manurik1.htm" target="new"><i>Kokebok</i></a>, from Norway<br>
<font
color="#003366">---1786---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#deviledeggs">deviled eggs</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1787---</font><a
href="foodmeats.html#toad">toad-in-a-hole</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1789---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#aspic">aspic</a> & <a href="statefoods.html#moraviansugarcakes">Moravian sugar cakes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1790---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#pastatomatoes">pasta & tomato sauce</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1790s---</font><a
href="statefoods.html#calmissions">California Mission foodwasy</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1792---</font><a href="http://tinyurl.com/65o7bto" target="new"><i>English Art of Cookery</i></a>,
Richard Briggs<br>
<font color="#003366">---1792---</font> <a href="foodsoups.html#mockturtle">mock turtle soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1796---</font><a
href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/uc006184.jpg" target="new">pompkin pudding</a> &
<a href="http://www.lauraschenone.com/newsletter/archives/10-04_federal_pancakes.html" target="new">federal pancakes<a/>,
Amelia Simmon's
<a href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri054.html" target="new"><i>American
Cookery</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1796---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#charlotte">Charlotte &
Charlotte Russe</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1798---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_01.cfm" target="new"><i>American
Cookery</i></a>, Amelia Simmons<br>
<font color="#003366">---1798---</font><a href="foodpies.html#portable">turnovers</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century---</font><a
href="foodpioneer.html">Frontier American fare</a> &
<a href="foodpioneer.html#victorian">Victorian era foodways</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century---</font><a
href="foodmexican.html#chiliconcarne">Chile con carne</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#fondue">fondue</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font><a
href="foodcakes.html#weddingcake">wedding cake</a>, <a href="foodbreads.html#sallylunn">Sally Lunn</a> &
<a href="foodbreads.html#saltrisingbread">salt rising bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font><a
href="foodpies.html#napoleons">Napoleons</a>, <a
href="foodcakes.html#linzertortes">Linzertortes</a> & <a href="foodcookies.html#ammonia">ammonia cookies</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font>
<a href="foodpies.html#shepherdspie">shepherd's pie</a> &
<a href="foodpies.html#capebreton">Cape Breton pork pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font>
<a href="foodfaq1.html#mangousa">American mangoes</a> & <a href="foodfaq2.html#pickledpeppers">pickled peppers</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font>
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#canapes">canapes</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#timbale">timbales</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---19th Century--</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#finesherbes">fines herbes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1800---</font>Regency English <a href="foodfaq6.html#austen">menus & recipes</a> [Jane
Austen]<br>
<font color="#003366">---1800---</font>Napoleon's <a
href="foodmeats.html#chickenmarengo">Chicken Marengo</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1802---</font><a href="foodicecream.html#friediceccream">fried ice cream</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1803---</font><a href="foodbeverages.html#mintjulep">Mint Julep</a> & <a href="http://www.southerngumbotrail.com/history.shtml" target="new">Gumbo</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1803---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_02.cfm" target="new"><i>Frugal
Housewife</i></a>, Susannah Carter<br>
<font color="#003366">---1804---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#pemmican">pemmican</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1805---</font><a
href="http://www.lewis-clark.org/bison/bison_recipe.htm" target="new">white pudding</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#potpie">pot pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1807---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_03.cfm" target="new"><i>A New
System of Domestic Cookery</i></a>, Mrs. Rundell<br>
<font color="#003366">---1808---</font>Lucy Emerson's <a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_04.cfm" target="new"><i>New England
Cookery</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1810---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#brunswickstew">Brunswick stew</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#burgoo">
Kentucky burgoo</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1817---</font><a
href="foodsauces.html#remoulade">Remoulade</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1820---</font><a href="foodbeverages.html#gingerale">ginger ale</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1821---</font><a
href="http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/accum1821.html" target="new">Tomata catsup &
orange marmelade</a>, Frederick Accum's <i>Culinary Chemistry</i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1824---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#countryfriedsteak">chicken-fried
steak</a>, <a href="foodicecream.html#oystericecream">oyster ice cream</a> & <a href="foodsoups.html#gazpacho">gazpacho</a> in
America<br>
<font color="#003366">---1826---</font>Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin's <a
href="https://www.gutenberg.org/files/22741/22741-h/22741-h.htm" target="new">Physiologie du Gout</a> (Note: this is the 1848 edition; the 1826 is no longer available online)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1826---</font><a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=0qp7op3DrgDWJ1oh&id=c_AGx2L5UPEC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Cook+and+#PPP6,M1" target="new">
<i>Cook and Housewife's Manual</i></a>, Margaret Dods (Scotland)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1827---</font><a href="foodcandy.html#lemondrops">lemon drops</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#carrotale">carrot ale</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1828---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#duckalorange">Duck a
l'Orange</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1828---</font>
<a href="foodcookies.html#vermont">Vermont common
crackers</a> & <a href="foodcookies.html#apees">Philadelphia Apee cookies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1828---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#allemande">Sauce Allemande</a> &
<a href="foodpuddings.html#cabinet">Cabinet pudding</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1830---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_06.cfm" target="new"><i>Frugal
Housewife</i></a>/Child & <a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28681"><i>Cooks Oracle</i></a>/Kitchiner<br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1830---</font>Reform Club chef Alex Soyer's <!--<a
href="http://www.janeausten.co.uk/magazine/index.ihtml?id=10&step=2">-->Dessert
gelatin<br>
<font color="#003366">---1830---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#carrotcake">carrot cake</a>,
<a href="foodfaq1.html#hoppingjohn">Hopping John</a>,
& </font><a href="http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/21/id/70/" target="new">bouillabaisse</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1831---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_07.cfm" target="new"> <i>The Cook
Not Mad</i></a>, Watertown NY<br>
<font color="#003366">---1832---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_09.cfm" target="new"><i>Seventy-five
Receipts for Pastry, Cakes and Sweetmeats</i></a>, Eliza Leslie<br>
<font color="#003366">---1832---</font><a
href="1832.html"><i>The Cook's
Own Book</i></a>, N.K.M. Lee<br>
<font color="#003366">---1834---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#palestine" target="new">Palestine soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1838---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_10.cfm" target="new"><i>The Virginia
Housewife</i></a>, Mary Randolph<br>
<font color="#003366">---1839---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_11.cfm" target="new"><i>The Good
Housekeeper</i></a>, Sarah Josepha Hale<br>
<font color="#003366">---1839---</font><a href="foodpies.html#cobbler">cobbler</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1840---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_12.cfm" target="new"><i>Directions
for Cookery</i></a>, Eliza Leslie<br>
<font color="#003366">---1840---</font><a href="http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/cuisine/027006-119.03-e.php?PHPSESSID=e3hgf4u7ajsaoa185nmi4l97q5" target="new">
<i>Cuisiniere Canadienne</i></a>, L. Perrault, Montreal<br>
<font color="#003366">---1840s--</font><a href="foodpioneer.html#pioneer">Oregon trail foods</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1840s--</font><a href="foodbreads.html#irishsodabread">Irish soda
bread</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html">French Savarin</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1840s--</font><a href="foodmeats.html#porksteaks">pork steaks</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#brawn">
head cheese</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1844---</font> <a
href="http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/recipes.htm" target="new">Cornish pastys in UP</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1845---</font><a href="foodpuddings.html#rolypoly">roly-poly
pudding</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html#bakewell">Bakewell pudding</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#finesharbes">fines herbes</a><br>
<font color="003355">---1845---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#tipsyparson">tipsy parson</a> &
<a href="foodsalads.html#chickensalad">chicken salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1846---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12327/12327-8.txt" target="new"><I>Jewish Manual</i></a>, Judith
Montefiore & <a href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_18.cfm" target="new"><i>Domestic Receipt Book</i></a>/
Catharine Beecher<br>
<font color="#003366">---1847---</font><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141009034611/http://heritage.uen.org/resources/food_list.htm" target="new">Utah bound!</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1847---</font><a href="foodcandy.html#brittle">peanut
brittle</a><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---1848---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#pesto">pesto</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1849---</font><a
href="http://www.historycook.com/chap14.htm" target="new">Eliza cookees</a>, Mrs. Hubbell<br>
<font color="#003366">---1849---</font>California <a href="foodbreads.html#sourdough">sourdough bread</a> & <a href="foodeggs.html#hangtowfry">Hangtown fry</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1850s--</font><a
href="foodsandwiches.html#western">Western sandwiches</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1850s--</font><a href="foodpies.html#mock">Mock apple pie</a><br>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1850---</font><a href="foodbreads.html">Anadama bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1851---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_20.cfm" target="new"><i>Great
Western Cook Book</i></a>, Anna Collins<br>
<font color="#003366">---1852---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/ahandbookinvali01bolagoog" target="new"><i>Handbook of Invalid
Cooking</i></a>/Mary Boland<br>
<font color="#003366">---1853---</font><a href="foodcookies.html#beatenbiscuits">Maryland
beaten biscuits</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1855---</font><a href="foodpies.html#bostoncreampie">Boston
cream
pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1856---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#navybean">Navy bean soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1857---</font><a
href="https://www.dokpro.uio.no/litteratur/winsnes/frames.htm" target="new">Hanna Winsnes' cookbook</a>
(in Norwegian)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1857---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#countrycaptain">Country
Captain Chicken</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#icedcoffee">iced coffee</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1857---</font>Eliza Acton's <a href="http://books.google.com/books?vid=0qqquerXKWT-EyeO&id=UDwCAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA153&lpg=RA1-#PPP6,M1" target="new">
<i>English Bread Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1859---</font><a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924003522103#view=1up;seq=7" target="new"><i>The
Curiosities of Food</i></a>/Simmonds (extreme cuisine)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1860---</font><a
href="http://www.victoriana.com/library/cake.html" target="new">Cakes</a> & <a
href="http://www.victoriana.com/christmas/plum-99.htm" target="new"> plum puddings</a>, <i>Godey's
Lady's Book</i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1860s---</font><a href="foodicecream.html#bakedalaska">Baked
Alaska</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#icedtea">ice tea</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1861---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10136" target="new"><i>Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1861---</font><a
href="foodmeats.html#beefstroganoff">Beef Stroganoff</a> &
<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208063250/https://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Popcorn.pdf" target="new">
popcorn balls</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1861-1865---</font><a
href="foodpioneer.html#civilwar">Civil War foods</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1863---</font><a
href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/receipt/receipt.html" target="new"><i>Confederate Receipt Book</i></a>,
Richmond VA<br>
<font color="#003366">---1863---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#fruitsalad">fruit
salad</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1864---</font>Sanderson's <a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_23a.cfm" target="new"><i>Complete
Confectioner</i></a> & <a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_23b.cfm" target="new"><i>Complete
Cook</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1864---</font><a href="foodpies.html#crisp">Apple
Brown Betty</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1865---</font>Mrs. Goodfellow's <a
href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEL7629" target="new">
<i>Cookery as it should be</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1866---</font><a
href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEK7304" target="new"><i>The National Cookbook</i></a>, Hannah Peterson<br>
<font color="#003366">---1868---</font><a
href="http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?id=a836d8585d&doc=27128" target="new"><i>The Dominion Home Cookbook</i></a>, Toronto<br>
<font color="#003366">---1869---</font><a
href="foodicecream.html#parfait">parfaits</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#pickledlimes">pickled
limes</a> & <a href="foodsauces.html#bordelaise">bordelaise sauce</a>
& <a href="foodmeats.html#chateaubriand">Chateaubriand</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1869---</font><a
href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AJQ0894.0001.001" target="new"><i>Wright's book of
3000 practical receipts</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1870s--</font>
<a href="foodmeats.html#potroast">American pot roast</a> & <a href="foodbreads.html#parker">Parker House
rolls</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1870s---</font><a href="foodicecream.html#neapolitan">Neapolitan
ice cream</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#caramelcake">Caramel cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1870s---</font><a href="foodpioneer.html#cowboy">Cowboy cooking</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1870---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_28.cfm" target="new"><i>Jennie June's
American Cookbook</i></a>, Jane Cunningham Croly<br>
<font color="#003366">---1870---</font>New Orleans <a
href="christmasfood.html#twelfthnight"> King cakes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1871---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#groomscake">groom's
cake</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#marble">marble cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1871---</font>
<!--<a href="http://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Wild_Turkey.pdf">-->Wild Turkey &
<a href="foodbreads.html#cheesestraws">cheese straws</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1872---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#jambalaya">Jambalaya</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1873---</font><a
href="https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEK7243" target="new">American
cuisine</a>, from <i>Miss Beecher's Housekeeper and Healthkeeper</i> cookbook<br>
<font color="#003366">---1874---</font><a href="brandquiz.html#mrswinslow"><i>Mrs. Winslow's Domestic Receipt Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1875---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_31.cfm" target="new"><i>Breakfast,
Luncheon, and Tea</i></a>, Marion Harland<br>
<font color="#003366">---1875---</font><a
href="http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/mason/mason.html#p15 target="new""><i>Young Housewife's Counsellor
and Friend</i></a>, Mary Ann Mason<br>
<font color="#003366">---1876---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_32.cfm" target="new"><i>Practical
Cooking and Dinner Giving</i></a>, Henderson
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1876---</font><a
href="foodpuddings.html#popovers">popovers</a>,
<!--<a href="http://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Peanuts.pdf">-->ground nut cakes &
<a href="foodlobster.html#newberg">Lobster
Newburg</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1877---</font>
<a href="foodfaq.html#ambrosia">ambrosia</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#vinegarpie">vinegar pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1877---</font>
Wilcox's <a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_33.cfm" target="new"><i>Buckeye
Cookery</i></a> & Kettner's <a href="http://archive.org/details/kettnersbooktab00dallgoog" target="new">
<i>Book of the Table</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1878---</font><a href="foodcookies.html#hermits">hermit cookies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1878---</font><a
href="http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/02193?id=34a90b469052b087" target="new"><i>Directions
Diverses</i></a>, Montreal<br>
<font color="#003366">---1879---</font>
<a href="http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24359781M/Mrs._Porter%27s_new_southern_cookery_book_and_companion_for_frugal_and_economical_housekeepers" target="new">
<i>Mrs. Porter's New Southern Cookery Book</i></a>, Mrs. M. E. Porter<br>
<font color="#003366">---1879---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#funnelcakes">funnel
cakes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1880---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_36.cfm" target="new"><i>Miss Parloa's
New Cookbook</i></a>, Maria Parloa<br>
<font color="#003366">---1880s---</font><a
href="foodcakes.html#angelfood">angel food</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#chocolate">chocolate pie</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1880s---</font><a href="foodicecream.html#bakedalasksa">Baked Alaska</a> & <a
href="foodmeats.html#meatloaf">American meatloaf</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1881---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_35.cfm" target="new"><i>What Mrs.
Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking</i></a>, Abby Fisher<br>
<font color="#003366">---1882---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#chickentartare">Chicken tartare</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1883---</font><a
href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/Jan02/hearthjan.htm" target="new">Christmas
pudding</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1884---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_37.cfm" target="new"><i>Mrs.
Lincoln's Boston Cook Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1884---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#porcupines">porcupines</a> &
<a href="foodlobster.html#angels">Angels on horseback</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1885---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_38.cfm" target="new"><i>La Cuisine
Creole</i></a>, Lafcadio Hearn<br>
<font color="#003366">---1886---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_43.cfm" target="new"><i>Woman's
Suffrage Cook Book</i></a>, Mrs. Hattie A. Burr<br>
<font color="#003366">---1886---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_39.cfm" target="new"><i>Miss Corson's
Practical American Cookery</i></a>, Juliet Corson<br>
<font color="#003366">---1886---</font><a href="foodpies.html#pecan">pecan pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1887---</font><a
href="foodfaq.html#cherriesjubilee">Cherries jubilee</a> & <a href="foodicecream.html#heaven">Heavenly hash</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1887---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_40.cfm" target="new"><i>White
House Cook Book</i></a>, F.L. Gillette<br>
<font color="#003366">---1887---</font><a href="https://archive.org/details/canningpreservin00rore" target="new"><i>Canning & Preserving</i></a>, Mrs. Rorer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1889---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_41.cfm" target="new"><i>Aunt
Babette's Cook Book: Foreign and Domestic Receipts</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1889---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#bundt">bundt cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1890s---</font><!--<a
href="http://www.journalofantiques.com/Sept/hearthsept.htm">-->corn oysters<!--</a>--> &
<a href="foodicecream.html#sundaes">ice cream sundaes</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1890s---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#chasseur">chicken cacciatora</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#picnicham">picnic ham</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1892---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_44.cfm" target="new"><i>Science in
the Kitchen</i></a>, Ella Eaton Kellogg<br>
<font color="#003366">---1893---</font><a
href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4219" target="new"><i>Art of Living in
Australia</i></a>, Philip Muskett<br>
<font color="#003366">---1893---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_46.cfm" target="new"><i>La Cuisine
Francaise: French Cooking for Every Home...</i></a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1893---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_45.cfm" target="new"><i>Favorite
Dishes</i></a>, Carrie V. Shuman<br>
<font color="#003366">---1893---</font><a href="foodicecream.html#alamode">ice cream a la mode</a>
& <a href="foodcandy.html#fudge">fudge</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1894---</font>Ranhofer's <a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_47.cfm" target="new"><i>The
Epicurean</a></i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1894---</font><a
href="http://www.nyfoodmuseum.org/terrapin.htm" target="new">Terrapin</a>, from Delmonico's in
NYC<br>
<font color="#003366">---1894---</font><a
href="foodeggs.html#eggsbenedict">Eggs Benedict</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1894---</font><a
href="http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/gutenberg/etext97/tandt10.txt" target="new"><i>Recipes Tried and
True</i></a>, Marion Ohio<br>
<font color="#003366">---1896---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#waldorfsalad">Waldorf
salad</a><br>
<font
color="#003366">---1896---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_48.cfm" target="new"><i>Boston
Cooking School Cook Book</i></a>, Fannie Merritt Farmer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1896---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/tchirkycookbook00tschrich" target="new">
<i>The Cook Book</i></a>, Oscar Tschirky (of the Waldorf)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1896---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_49.cfm" target="new">Military field
bread</a>, <i>U.S. Manual for
Army Cooks</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1896---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_50.cfm" target="new"><i>Henriette
Davidis' Practical Cookbook</i></a>, 35th German edition (in English)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1897---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_51.cfm" target="new"><i>Swedish-American
Cookbook</i></a> (Swedish and English)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1897---</font><a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5070104" target="new"><i>Steiger's Deutsch-Amerikaniches
Kochbuch</i></a> (in German)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1897---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#nantua">Nantua sauce</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1898---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#lane">Lane Cake</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#wiggle">Shrimp wiggle</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1899---</font><a href="foodlobster.html#oystersrockefeller">Oysters Rockefeller</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1900s--</font><a href="fooddecades.html#1900s">Popular USA foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1900s--</font><a
href="foodsoups.html#cioppino">cioppino</a>, <a href="foodlobster.html#oysterskirkpatrick">Oysters Kirkpatrick</a> &
a href="foodmeats.html#swisssteak">Swiss steak</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1900s--</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0014" target="new"><i>Culinary Wrinkles,
or how to use Armour's extract of beef</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1900---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/morristowncookbo00vogt" target="new"><i>Morristown Cook Book</i></a> (NJ)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1900---</font><a
href="http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?id=a836d8585d&doc=38328" target="new"><i>My Pet
Recipes...</i></a>, St. Andrews Church, Quebec<br>
<font color="#003366">---1900---</font><!--<a
href="http://foodhistorynews.com/goldsltwtr.html" target="new">-->Banbury tarts, <i>The Stonington
Cookbook</i>, CT<br>
<font color="#003366">---1900---</font><a href="http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4176580" target="new"><i>
Food for the Sick and How to Prepare It</i></a>, Edwin French<br>
<font color="#003366">---1901---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_52.cfm" target="new"><i>Settlement
Cook Book</i></a>, Mrs. Simon Kander<br>
<font color="#003366">---1901---</font><a href="foodeggs.html#eggsinabasket">Eggs in a basket</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#clamscasino">Clams casino</a><br>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1902---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#devilsfood">USA Devil's food
cake</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#lamingtons">Australian Lamingtons</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1902---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_54.cfm" target="new"><i>Mrs. Rorer's
New Cook Book</i></a>, Sarah Tyson Rorer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1903---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#cranberrybread">cranberry bread</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1903---</font><a
href="http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/bean_soup.htm" target="new">U.S. Senate Bean
Soup</a> & <a href="foodsandwiches.html#club">Club sandwiches</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1904---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0013" target="new"><i>Dr. Price's Delicious
Desserts</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1904---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_55.cfm" target="new"><i>Cooking in
Old Creole Days</i></a>, Celestine Eustis<br>
<font color="#003366">---1904---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_57.cfm" target="new"><i>Blue Grass
Cook Book</i></a>, Minnie Fox [Kentucky cookery] <br>
<font color="#003366">---1904---<font><a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t84j1516j;view=1up;seq=9" target="new"><i>Good Housekeeping Hostess</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1905---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_58.cfm" target="new"> <i>Los Angeles
Times Cook Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1905---</font><a
href="foodcakes.html#ladybaltimore">Lady Baltimore</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#checkerboard">Checkerboard</a> cakes<br>
<font color="#003366">---1905---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html#submarine">submarine sandwiches</a>,
<a href="foodsauces.html#tomatogravy">Tomato gravy</a> &
<a href="foodmexican.html#tamalepie">Tamale pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1905---</font><a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5069174?n=5&imagesize=1200&jp2Res=.25" target="new">
<i>Finnish-American Cookbook</i></a>, Kaleva Michigan (with English translation)<br>
<font
color="#003366">---1906---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#brownies">brownies</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#bananacream">banana cream pie</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1906---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#onionrings">onion rings</a>, <a href="foodfaq1.html#harvardbeets">Harvard beets</a> &
<a href="http://www.muffoletta.com/history/" target="new">Muffoletta sandwiches</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1906---</font><a href="http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb7q2nb55j/" target="new"><i>Refugee's Cook Book</i></a>,
(San Francisco earthquake)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1906---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/onehundredonemex00soutiala" target="new">One Hundred and One
Mexican Dishes</i></a>, May E. Southworth<br>
<font color="#003366">---1907---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000610117" target="new"><i>Le Guide Culinaire</i></a>/Escoffer (English)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1907---</font><a href="https://archive.org/details/gastronomieprat00aligoog" target="new"><i>Gastronomy Practique</i></a>, Ali-Bab (French)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1907---</font> <a href="foodcandy.html#divinity">Divinity fudge</a>,
<a href="foodcandy.html#sauerkraut">sauerkraut candy</a> & </font><a href="foodsauces.html#aioli">aioli</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1908---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#steakdiane">Steak Diane</a> & <a href="foodlobster.html#diavolo">Lobster fra diavolo</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1908---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#buttercream">buttercream frosting</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1909---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#tetrazzini">Tetrazzini</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html#kaiser">
Kaiser pudding</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1909---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_59.cfm" target="new"><i>Good
Housekeeping Woman's Home Cookbook</i></a>, Isabel Gordon Curtis<br>
<font color="#003366">---1909---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_60.cfm" target="new"><i>Washington
Woman's Cook Book</i></a> (Seattle)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1909---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11067/11067.txt" target="new"><i>Reform Cookery Book</i></a>,
Mrs. Mill<br>
<font color="#003366">---1909---</font><a href="foodlobster.html#cocktail">shrimp
cocktail</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1910s--</font><a href="fooddecades.html#1910s">Popular U.S.
foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1910--</font><a href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0029" target="new"><i>Jell-O: America's
most famous dessert</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1910---</font><a href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0025" target="new"><i>Home Helps: A
Pure
Food Cook Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1910---</font>Charles Fellows' <a href="http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4304458" target="new">
<i>Menu Maker</i></a> & Horace Kephart's <a href="http://books.google.com/books/about/Camp_cookery.html?id=rOApAAAAYAAJ" target="new"><i>
Camp Cookery</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1910---</font><a href="http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101057689570#view=1up;seq=7" target="new"><i>
Practical West African Cookery</i></a>/Leith-Ross & Ruxton<br>
<font color="#003366">---1911---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#applesaucecake">Apple sauce cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1911---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_62.cfm" target="new"><i>Good Things
to Eat</i></a>, Rufus Estes<br>
<font color="#003366">---1911---</font><a href="http://archive.org/details/laurelhealthcook00perk" target="new"><i>Laurel Health Cookery</i></a>, Elvora Bucknum Perkins (vegetarian)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1911---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/cateringforspeci00farm" target="new"><i>Catering for Special
Occasions</i></a>, Fannie Merritt Farmer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1911---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0023" target="new"><i>Kitchen Encyclopedia</i></a>, Swift & Company<br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#chickenalaking">Chicken a
la King</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#chopsuey">Chop Suey cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#thousandisland">Thousand Island dressing</a> &
<a href="foodpies.html#tomatopie">tomato pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_64.cfm" target="new"><i>Mary
Frances Cook Book</i></a>, Jane Eayre Fryer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/standardpaperbag00telfrich" target="new"><i>Standard Paper-bag
Cookery</i></a>, Emma Paddock Telford<br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0075" target="new"><i>War Time
Cooking</i></a>, Lydia E. Pinkham<br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/dromedarycookboo00newyiala/dromedarycookboo00newyiala_djvu.txt target="new"">
<i>Dromedary Cook Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1912---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/goldenrulecookbo00shar" target="new"><i>Golden Rule Cook Book</i></a>,Sharpe (vegetarian)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1913---</font><a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/4971867" target="new"><i>Chinese Cook Book</i></a>, Chong Jan Co.
& <a href="foodcakes.html#japansesfruitcake">Japanese Fruitcake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1913---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0022"><i>Choice Recipes:
Chocolate and Cocoa</i></a>, Walter Baker & Co.<br>
<font color="#003366">---1913---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_66.cfm" target="new"><i>Dishes and
Beverages of the Old South</i></a>, Martha Williams<br>
<font color="#003366">---1913---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#coqauvin">Coq au
vin</a> & <a href="foodbreads.html#cloverleaf">clover leaf rolls</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1913---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#italiancreamcake">Italian cream cake</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html#clafoutis">clafoutis</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1914---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_67.cfm" target="new"><i>Chinese-Japanese Cook Book</i></a>, Sara Bosse<br>
<font color="#003366">---1914---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#countryfriedsteak">Chicken fried steak</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1914---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_68.cfm" target="new"><i>Neighborhood
Cook Book</i></a>, Council of Jewish Women<br>
<font color="#003366">---1914---</font>ANZAC biscuits <a
href="https://anzacday.org.au/the-spirit-of-anzac" target="new">I</a> & <a
href="https://www.awm.gov.au/anzacathome/cookingk" target="new">II</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1914---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#alfredo">Fettuccine Alfredo</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1915---</font><a href="foodfaq1.html#hushpuppies">hush puppies</a>
& <a href="foodcookies.html#peanutbutter">peanut butter cookies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1915---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0028" target="new"><i>Dainty Desserts for
Dainty People</i></a>, Knox Gelatin Co.<br>
<font color="#003366">---1915---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10632/10632-8.txt" target="new"><i>Healthy Life Cook Book</i></a>,
Florence Daniel<br>
<font color="#003366">---1915---</font><a
href="http://www.sanfranciscomemories.com/ppie/cookbook.html" target="new"><i>Pan-Pacific
Cookbook</i></a>, Exposition fare<br>
<font color="#003366">---1916---</font><a href="foodpies.html#crisp">Apple crisp</a> &
<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/sunkistrecipesor00bradiala" target="new">Sunkist Oranges-Lemons</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1916---</font><a
href="http://www.seabeecook.com/cookery/recipes/field_bread_straight.htm" target="new">Field bread</a>,
<i>Manual for Army Bakers</i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1916---</font><a href="https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/A4L2L6V7LIQRHH8P" target="new">
<i>Allied Cookery</i></a>, Grace Clergue Harrison<br>
<font color="#003366">---1917---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#icebox">Icebox Cake</a> & <a href="foodicecream.html#blackccow">Black cow</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1917---</font><a
href="foodsoups.html#vichyssoise">Vichyssoise</a> & <a href="fooddecades.html#10scocktails">American cocktail parties</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1917---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0072" target="new"><i>55 Ways to Save
Eggs</i></a> & <a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0068" target="new"><i>Best War Time
Recipes</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1917---</font><a href="http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/buffalo/garden/garden.html" target="new">
<i>Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1918---</font>World War I recipes from the <a
href="http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/food.htm" target="new"><i>Doughboy Cookbook</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1918---</font>Fannie Farmer's <a
href="http://Bartleby.com/87/" target="new"><i>Boston Cooking School Cook Book</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1919---</font><a href="https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft" target="new"><i>Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants</i></a>/E. Lewis
Sturtevant [1919]<br>
<font color="#003366">---1919---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_72.cfm" target="new"><i>International
Jewish Cook
Book</i></a>, Florence Kreisler Greenbaum<br>
<font color="#003366">---1919---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_73.cfm" target="new"><i>The Hotel
St. Francis Cookbook</i></a>, Victor Hirtzler<br>
<font color="#003366">---1919---</font><a
href="http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_71.cfm" target="new"><i>Italian Cook
Book</i></a>, Maria Gentile<br>
<font color="#003366">---1919---</font><a href="foodcandy.html#truffles">chocolate
truffles</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1920s--</font><a href="fooddecades.html#1920s">Popular U.S.
foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1920s--</font><a href="foodicecream.html#eggcream">egg
creams</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#french75">French 75 cocktail</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1920---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0048" target="new"><i>Fleischmann's
recipes</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1920---</font><a
href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/scckg10.txt" target="new"><i>School and Home
Cooking</i></a>, Carlotta C. Greer<br>
<font color="#003366">---1921---</font>
<a href="foodpies.html#chiffon">Chiffon pie</a>, <a href="brandquiz.html#maryann">Mary Ann cakes</a> & </font><a href="foodsalads.html#candlesticksalad">Candle salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1921---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085641656" target="new"><i>Story of Crisco</i></a> (with recipes)<br><font color="#003366">---1922---</font><a href="http://www.archive.org/stream/auntcarolinesdix00mckirich/auntcarolinesdix00mckirich_djvu.txt" target="new">
<i>Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes</i></a>, Emma & William McKinney<br>
<font color="#003366">---1922---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0051" target="new">Jell-O recipes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1923---</font><a href="http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4391392" target="new">
<i>Food for the Diabetic</i></a>, Mary Huddleson<br>
<font color="#003366">---1923---</font><a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5068837" target="new"><i>Svensk-Amerikansk Kokbok</i></a> (Wisconsin)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1924---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#pineapple">pineapple upside-down
cake</a> & <a href="foodsalads.html#caesar">Caesar salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1924---</font>
<a href="foodbreads.html#chocolatepotatochips">chocolate covered potato chips</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1925---</font>George Washington Carver's <a
href="http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/fruit-nut/carver-peanut/" target="new">peanut
recipes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1925---</font><a
href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/vc006349.jpg" target="new">Lemon sponge cake</a>
from <a href="http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/vc006347.jpg" target="new"><i>800 Proved
Pecan Recipes</i></a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1927---</font><a
href="https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0038" target="new"><i>Electric Refrigerator Recipes</i></a>, General Electric <br>
<font color="#003366">---1927---</font><a href="1927cocktails.html"><i>Here's How</i></a> (Prohibition cocktails)<br>
<font color="#003366">---1927---</font><a href="foodcookies.html#smores">s'mores</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#mayonnaisecake">mayonnaise cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1928---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html#horseshoe">Horseshoe sandwiches</a> &
<a href="foodpies.html#blackbottom">Black bottom pie</a> & <a href="foodpuddings.html">cold shape</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1930s--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1930s">Popular U.S. foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1930s--</font><a href="foodcakes.html#ladybaltimore">Lady Baltimore</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#pavlova">Pavlova</a>
cakes<br>
<font color="#003366">---1930s--</font><a
href="https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html#philly">Philly cheese steak</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#pigblankets">
Pigs in blankets</a> & <a href="foodbeverages.html#margarita">Margaritas</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1930s--</font><a href="foodcakes.html#banana">banana
bread</a> & <a href="foodcakes.html#mystery">Tomato Soup cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1930s--</font><a href="foodmeats.html#cajunfriedturkey">Cajun
fried turkey</a> & <a href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/purple_cow_grape_soda_float/" target="new">Purple Cows</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1931---</font><a
href="http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/rombauer1931.html" target="new">souffle</a>,
<i>Joy of Cooking</i><br>
<font color="#003366">---1931---</font>
<a href="foodpies.html#refrigeratorpie">refrigerator pie</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#citychicken">city chicken</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1933---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#lindys">Lindy's cheese cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1935---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html#breadless">breadless sandwiches</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1936---</font>
<a href="foodsalads.html#chefsalad">Chef's
salad</a>, <a href="foodsalads.html#chinesechicken">Chinese Chicken salad</a> &
<a href="foodcookies.html#nobakes">no-bake cookies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1936---</font><a href="1936burkecocktails.html"><i>Burke's Complete Cocktails & Drinking Recipes</i><a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1937---</font><a
href="foodsandwiches.html#reuben">Reubens</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#chickenkiev">Chicken Kiev</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1937---</font><a href="http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5058905" target="new"><i>Specialita Culinarie
Italiane</i></a>, Boston MA<br>
<font color="#003366">---1937---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#greengoddess">Green goddess dressing</a> &
<a href="foodsalads.html#cobb">Cobb salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1939---</font><a href="http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924087252130"><i>New York World's Fair
Cook Book</i></a>/Crosby Gaige<br>
<font color="#003366">---1939---</font>Colonel Sanders' <a
href="http://www.kfc.com/about/secret.asp" target="new">secret recipe</a> & George Jessel's
<a href="foodbeverages.html#bloodymary">Bloody Mary</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1940s--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1940s">Popular U.S. foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1940---</font><a href="foodcookies.html#cccookies">Ruth Wakefield's Toll House Chocolate Chip
Cookies</a> &
<a href="foodfaq.html#marzetti">Johnny Marzetti casserole</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1940---</font><!--<a
href="http://www.fortunecity.co.uk/meltingpot/oxford/330/ration/ratn2.html" target="new">-->Recipes,
Britain's Ministry of Food</br>
<font color="#003366">---1941---</font><a
href="http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/accounts/holnet/upload/learningzone/londonatwar/dailylife/p_spam.html" target="new">Lord
Woolton
Pie & sugarless sponge cake</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1941---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#ricekrispiestreats">Rice
Krispies treats</a> & <a href="foodsandwiches.html#montecristo">Monte Cristo
sandwiches</a> & <a href="foodmeats.html#carpetbagsteak">carpetbag
steak</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1942---</font>MFK Fisher's <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214230236/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kupstas/FAQ_recipes.html#TomatoCake" target="new">Tomato</a> & <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214230236/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kupstas/FAQ_recipes.html#WarCake" target="new">War</a>
cakes<br>
<font color="#003366">---1943---</font><a
href="https://archives.alabama.gov/teacher/ww2/lesson6/doc04p1.html" target="new">99 ways to share the
Meat</a>, USDA<br>
<font color="#003366">---1943---</font><a href="foodmexican.html#nachos">nachos</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1944---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#tortillasoup">tortilla soup</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1945---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#monkeybread">monkey bread</a>,
<a href="foodmeats.html#citychicken">city chicken</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#rumballs">rum balls</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1946---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#chickenburgers">chicken burgers</a>,
<a href="foodsandwiches.html#tunamelt">tuna melts</a> &
<a href="foodcookies.html#potatochip">potato chip cookies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1946---</font><a href="storkclub.html">Stork Club (NYC)</a> &
<a href="tradervic.html" target="new">Trader Vic</a> cocktails<br>
<font color="#003366">---1947---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#chiffon">chiffon
cake</a> <br>
<font color="#003366">---1948---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#chickenvesuvio">Chicken Vesuvio</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#fingersteaks">Finger steaks</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1948---</font>Mr. Truman's recipes <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140629021324/http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/hstr/image/parkimg/recipes/recipepage.html" target="new">I</a>, <a
href="http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/dailyfastfacts/ff91898.htm" target="new">II</a>, &
<a
href="http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/50yr_archive/recipies.htm" target="new">III</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1949---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#wackycake">Wacky
cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1949---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#pillsburybakeoff">Pillsbury Bake Off</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1950s--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1950s">Popular U.S. foods &
menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1950s--</font> <a href="foodmeats.html#parm">Chicken Parm</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#chickenfrancese">Chicken Francese</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1950s--</font> <a
href="foodcookies.html#mexicanweddingcakes">Mexican wedding cakes</a> & <a
href="http://www.thefoodmaven.com/radiorecipes/nesselrode.html" target="new">Nesselrode pie</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1950s--</font>modern American <a href="foodsauces.html"">honey mustard</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1951---</font><a
href="https://www.neworleansrestaurants.com/new-orleans-recipes/recipes_brennans.php" target="new">Bananas Foster</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1952---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#chexmix">Chex mix</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1953---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#coronation">coronation chicken</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1954---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#californiadip">California
onion dip</a> & <a href="foodcookies.html#nanaimo">Nanaimo bars</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1955---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#greenbean">green bean casserole</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#chickenwellington">chicken Wellington</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1956---</b><a href="foodcakes.html#germanchocolate">German chocolate cake</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#beetcake">Chocolate beet cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1956---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html#panini">Panini</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1956---</font><a href="foodcookies.html#thumbprint">Thumbprint cookies</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#rolledfondant">Rolled rondant</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1957---</font>
<a href="foodfaq2.html#carbonara">Italian-American Spaghetti Carbonara</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#poutine">Quebec
Poutine</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1958---</font><a href="foodlobster.html#crabrangoon">Crab rangoon</a> &
<a href="foodcookies.html#lemonbars">lemon bars</a>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1960s--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1960s">Popular foods &
menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1960s--</font><a href="foodmeats.html#beefwellington">Beef
Wellington</a>, <a href="foodpies.html#grasshopper">Grasshopper pie</a>,
<a href="http://www.diggers.org/diggers/digbread.html" target="new">Digger bread</a> & <a href="foodcandy.html#hersheyscocoafudge">Cocoa fudge</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1960---</font>
<!--<a href="http://www.seussville.com/activities/GREEN_Recipes_1.pdf">-->Green Eggs & Ham &
<a href="foodcakes.html#redvelvet">Red Velvet Cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1961---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#billybi">Billy bi</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1962---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#creamcheesebrownies">Cream cheese brownies</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1963---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#blackforest">Black Forest cake</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#texassheetcake">Texas sheet cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1963---</font>
<a href="http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/faqs/Recipes/recipes.asp" target="new">Ladybird Johnson's recipes</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1964---</font><a href="foodfaq.html#antsonlog">Ants on a log</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1964---</font><a href="http://nywf64.com/fesgas06.shtml" target="new">Hot
Dutch Tuna Buns</a> & <a href="http://nywf64.com/genfoo03.shtml" target="new">pita bread</a>, NYC
World's Fair<br>
<font color="#003366">---1965---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#crudites">crudites</a> & <a href="foodcookies.html#hellodolly">Hello Dolly Bars</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1966---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#tunnel">Tunnel of Fudge Cake</a>,
<a href="foodfaq1.html#chocolatefondue">chocolate fondue</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#kingranchchicken">King Ranch Chicken</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1968---</font><a href="foodsalads.html#tacosalad">Taco
salad</a>,
<a href="spacefood.html#astronautfruitcake">Astronaut fruitcake</a> & <a href="foodpies.html#impossible">Impossible pie</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1969---</font><a href="presidents.html#nixonmeatloaf">Richard Nixon's favorite meatloaf</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1969---</font><a href="foodbreads.html#flowerpot">Flower Pot Bread</a>
& <a href="foodcakes.html#hummingbird">Hummingbird
Cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1970's--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1970s">Popular U.S. foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1970's--</font><a href="foodasian.html#californiarolls">California
rolls</a>, <a href="foodfaq2.html#pastaprimavera">Pasta primavera</a> &
<a href="foodfaq1.html#tiramisu">Tiramisu</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1971---</font><a href="foodmexican.html#fajitas">fajitas</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1972---</font><a href="foodasian.html#generaltso">General Tso's chicken</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1973---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#zucchinibread">zucchini bread</a> &
<a href="brandquiz.html#harveywallbangercake">Harvey Wallbanger cake</a><br>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1975---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#blackandblue">Black & blue steak</a> &
<a href="foodmeats.html#chickentikkamasala">Chicken Tikka Masala</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1976---</font><a href="bicentennial.html">American Bicentennial menus</a><br>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---1978---</font><a href="foodsoups.html#cuchickensoup"><i>Consumer Reports rates</i></a> chicken soup<br>
<font color="#003366">---1980's--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1980s">Popular U.S. foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1980s--</font><a
href="foodpies.html#mudpie">Mud pie & Dirt dessert</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1980s--</font><a href="foodsalads.html#panzanella">Panzanella</a> &
<a href="foodsalads.html#mesclun">mesclun</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1980s--</font>
<a href="foodsalads.html#pasta">pasta salad<a> & <a href="foodsalads.html#orientalnoodle">oriental noodle salad</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1980---</font><a href="foodmeats.html#turducken">Turducken</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1981---</font><a
href="foodsalads.html#watergatesalad">Watergate
salad & Watergate cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1983---</font><a href="foodsauces.html#vodka">Penne alla
vodka</a> & <a href="foodfaq1.html#harvardbeetcake">Harvard Beet Cake</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1987---</font><a href="foodsandwiches.html#banhmi">banh mi</a> & <a href="foodsandwiches.html#tortillapinwheels">
tortilla pinwheels</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1990's--</font><a
href="fooddecades.html#1990s">Popular U.S. foods & menus</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1990s---</font><a href="foodpies.html#stromboli">stromboli</a>,
<a href="foodmeats.html#jamaicanjerk">Jamaican jerk</a> & <a href="fooddecades.html#tallfood">tall food</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---1991---</font><a href="foodcakes.html#chocolatelava">chocolate molten lava cake</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#earthquake">earthquake cake</a><br><br><br><br><br><br><br>
<font color="#003366">---2000s---</font><a href="fooddecades.html#2000s">popular U.S. foods & trends</a><br>
<br>
<font color="#003366">---2007---</font><a href="foodfaq2.html#koolaidpickles">Kool-Aid pickles</a> &
<a href="foodcakes.html#cakepops">cake pops</a><br>
<font color="#003366">---2009---</font><a href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/twecipe_twitter_recipe/" target="new">
Twecipes</a> & <a href="http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/recessipe_recession_recipe/" target="new">
Recessipes</a> <br>
</td></tr></table></center><br>
<center><font size="6" color="#003366">________________________________________________________________________________________________________</font></center><br> <a name="resources">
<center> <font size="5" color="#003366">Hungry for more? Check our <a href="foodfaqindex.html">FAQs</a></font></th>
<p>
<font size="4"><b>Looking for something not yet on our menu? <a href="foodfaqa.html#super">Let us know</a> !</font></center><p>
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<a name="allergy">
<font color="#FF0000"><b><center>FOOD ALLERGY ALERT</b></center></font><br>
<b>RECREATING HISTORIC RECIPES CAN BE FUN AND EDUCATIONAL BUT FOR
PEOPLE WHO HAVE FOOD ALLERGIES THIS ACTIVITY CAN POSE A SERIOUS
HEALTH THREAT.</b> Always supply your child's teacher with a list of ingredients BEFORE
you send any food to class, especially peanuts. <ul>
<li><a href="http://www.foodallergy.org" target="new">The Food Allergy Network</a>...FAQs, special alerts & resources
<li><a href="http://www.foodsafety.gov" target="new">Food Safety</a>...safe food preparation & proper storage procedures
<li><a href="http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/food-allergy" target="new">Food Allergies</a>/ADAM
<p>
<font color="#FF0000"><b>WHEN IN DOUBT, THROW IT OUT</b></font>
</ul>
<p>
<hr>
</center>
<a name="about">
<font size="+1" color="#8E2323"><b>About this site</b></font>
<p>Lynne Olver created the Food Timeline in 1999 (see the "<a ref="name">about this site</a>" below). In 2020, Virginia Tech University Libraries and the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences (CLAHS) collaborated on a plan to offer Virginia Tech as a new home for the physical book collection and the web resource. We are beginning to plan for some future development on the site, but in the meantime, we have a few pieces of information to share about Food Timeline:</head></p>
<ul>
<li>Lynne Olver's book collection is joining the more than 5,000 volumes that <a href="https://spec.lib.vt.edu/" target="new">Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives</a> (SCUA) has relating to <a href="https://guides.lib.vt.edu/specialcollections/foodhistory" target="new">food and drink history</a>. We now have more than 7,500 books and 125 manuscripts on aspects of cooking, food, drink, and agricultural history!</li>
<li>We have a new email address for Food Timeline (<a href="mailto: foodtimeline-g@vt.edu">foodtimeline-g@vt.edu</a>). If you'd like to learn more about this collection or our other materials, are interested in collaborating, or need some reference help, you can reach us there. (We are still checking the existing email, but we will be phasing it out going forward.) </li>
<li> SCUA already does virtual and in-person reference as part of our mission and services, and we are happy to try and help you with questions now! We are currently open under mostly normal operations and at this time we are able to offer some reference support. We appreciate your patience as we ramp up this service (garlic pun intended?). If you are local and want to visit us, we are open Monday-Friday from 8a-5p (<a href="https://calendar.lib.vt.edu/reserve/scua" target="new">appointments are encouraged, but not required)</a>.</li>
<li>The Olver book collection is currently being cataloged, so it is not immediately available for use. We'll share more information as that effort progresses. If you are local or want to visit Virginia Tech specifically to work with these materials, please contact us first so we can discuss the options. Otherwise, we are open by-appointment to work with our other food and drink history materials.</li>
<li>SCUA is now managing <a href="https://twitter.com/foodtimeline" target="new">@foodtimeline on Twitter</a>, where we'll post updates about the collection, food history news, info from the Food Studies Program at Virginia Tech, and more! </li>
</ul></p>
<font color="#003366">The Food Timeline was created and maintained solely by <a
href="foodfaqa.html#bionote">Lynne Olver</a> (1958-2015, her <a href="http://www.tuttlefh.com/content/view/1395/16/" target="new">obituary</a>), reference librarian with a passion for food history. About it she originally said "Information is checked against standard reference tools for accuracy. All sources are cited for research purposes. As with most historical topics, there are some conflicting stories in the field of food history. We
do our best to select and present the information with the most documented support. <a href="http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/episodes/4098-A-Taste-of-the-Past-Episode-134-Lynne-Olver-FoodTimeline-org#1" target="new"> Heritage Radio interviews Food Timeline editor</a> (2013).
<p>
<a name="summary">
Since we launched in March 1999, The Food Timeline's scope has grown from a single page with a sprinkling of links to 70 web pages offering a wealth of historic information, primary documents, and original research. As of March, 2014 we served 35 million <a href="patrons.html">readers</a> and answered 25 thousand <a href="questions.txt">questions</a>. Compare today's site with the original <a href="http://web.archive.org/web/19991010105832/www.gti.net/mocolib1/kid/food.html" target="new">Food Timeline</a>, circa 1999. Our notes on <a href="foodfaqa.html">the art of culinary esearch</a> with a side order of <a href="foodfaqindex.html">popular requests</a>. The Food Timeline was awarded <a href="http://www.pinterest.com/pin/364721269793256418/" target="new">
<i>Saveur 100</i></a> (2004).
It is recognized by the American Library Association as a <a href="http://gws.ala.org/node/7740" target="new"> Great Website for Kids</a> and was reviewed in ALA's academic publication <a href="choicereview.html" target="new"><i>Choice</i></a>, July 2009.
<p>
<b>The recipes featured on our site</b> are selected from a variety of sources including old cook books, newspapers, magazines,
National Historic Parks, government agencies, universities, cultural organizations, culinary historians, and company/restaurant web sites. We have not cooked them in our own kitchens and cannot vouch for their results in yours. If you have any questions regarding the ingredients, instructions or safety of these recipes please forward them directly to the webmaster of the site hosting that recipe. Recipes from primary documents are linked for historical purposes only. If you plan to cook one of these, they need to be <b>examined very carefully</b> for unsafe practices (such as the eating of raw eggs). </font><p>
<a name="copyright">
<b>About copyright</b><br>
Food Timeline provides full citations for all materials quoted on the site. Copyright belongs to those authors, publishers,
and heirs. The <a href="http://www.copyright.gov/" target="new">U.S. Copyright Office</a> offers information regarding determining
owners and obtaining permission. Most countries, and the European Union, have separate copyright (of Intellectual Property)
organizations. Text not cited to outside sources is copyright Lynne Olver, editor, The Food Timeline. Entries created after November 2021 are copyright of Special Collections and University Archives/The Food Timeline.
<p>
<hr>
<b>Food Timeline library owned 2300+ <a href="books.txt">books</a>, hundreds of 20th century USA food company brochures, & dozens of vintage magazines (<i>Good Housekeeping</i>, <i>American Cookery</i>, <i>Ladies Home Journal</i> &c.)</b><p>
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<address>https://www.foodtimeline.org<br>
© Lynne Olver</a>
1999<br>
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|
Food Timeline: food history research service
Ever wonder how the ancient Romans fed their armies?
What the pioneers cooked along the Oregon Trail? Who invented the potato chip...and why?
So do we!!! Food history presents a fascinating buffet of popular lore and contradictory facts. Some experts say it's impossible
to express this topic in exact timeline format. They are correct. Most foods are not invented; they evolve.
**We make food history fun.**
New Updates: August 2022
* Thanks to everyone who has been using our form to submit changes/corrections. We still have a backlog on that and we've had a bumpy spring, but we hope to get back on track with that work this fall.
* We're happy to share that over HALF of the books from Lynne Olver's collection have now been cataloged. Special Collections and University Archives is working on creating some additional shelf space as this work continues. We are so grateful for the work of our colleagues in Metadata Services, who have been instrumental in making this happen!
* You can view the list of books available so far [in this search](https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?idx=&q=lynne+olver&weight_search=1)!
* While we just got one new item to add, we have processed the manuscript materials and research files from Lynne Olver and [the finding aid is online](https://aspace.lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/3574).
Want to know more about the site's creation and history? See the "[About this site](#about)" section at the bottom of this page. Want to submit a broken link, offer a link suggestion, and/or offer a topic suggestion? See the [bottom of the Food Timeline homepage](#form).
[**Food Timeline Index**](foodfaqindex.html)...*alpha, subject & site search*
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| food beginnings
[water](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/water.htm) & [ice](foodbeverages.html#ice)----------------
[salt](foodfaq2.html#salt)----------------
[oysters](foodlobster.html#oysters), [scallops](foodlobster.html#scallops),
[mussels](foodlobster.html#mussels) &
[mollusks](foodlobster.html#mollusks)----------------
[squid, calamari & octopus](foodlobster.html#squid)----------------
[insects](foodfaq1.html#insects)----------------
[fish](foodlobster.html#fish) & [frogs](foodlobster.html#frogs)----------------
[mushrooms](foodfaq2.html#mushrooms) & [greens](foodfaq1.html#greens)----------------
[bear](foodmeats.html#bear), [venison](foodmeats.html#venison) & [horsemeat](foodmeats.html#horsemeat)
----------------
[eggs](foodeggs.html) & [marrow bones](foodmeats.html#marrowbones)----------------
[rice](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/rice.htm) &
[millet](foodfaq1.html#millet)----------------
[emmer grain](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-156.html#EMMER)--17,000BC---
[einkorn grain](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1996/V3-156.html#EINKORN)--16,000BC---
[almonds](foodcandy.html#almonds)--10,000BC---
[cherries](foodfaqindex.html#cherries)---10,000BC---
[wheat](foodfaq2.html#wheat) ---8,000BC---
[American bison](foodmeats.html#bison)---8,000BC---
[wine & beer](foodbeverages.html#winebeer)---7,000BC---
[pigs](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/hogs.htm),
[goats](foodmeats.html#goats) & [sheep](foodmeats.html#sheep)---7,000BC---
[lard](shortening.html#lard)---7,000BC---
[pistachios](foodsalads.html#pistachios)---7,000BC---
[new world beans](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/beans.html)---7,000BC---
[black walnuts](http://www.walnutcouncil.org/resources/growing-hardwoods/)---7,000BC---
[cattle domestication](foodmeats.html#beef)---6,500BC---
[apples](fruit.html#apples) & [crab apples](fruit.html#crabapples)
---6500BC---
[spelt](foodbreads.html#spelt)---6000BC---
[maize](foodmexican.html#maize) & [tortillas](foodmexican.html#tortillas)---6000BC---
[dates](foodfaq1.html#dates)---6000BC---
[honey](foodfaq1.html#honey) &
[chickpeas](foodsauces.html#chickpeas)---5000BC---
[arugula](foodsalads.html#arugula), [chicory](foodsalads.html#chicory) &
[lettuce](foodsalads.html#lettuce)
---5000BC---
[ginger](foodfaq1.html#ginger) & [galangal](foodfaq1.html#galangal)---5000BC---
[buckwheat](foodfaq.html#buckwheat) & [quinoa](vegetables.html#quinoa)---5000BC---
[Cucumbers & squash](https://web.archive.org/web/20100406054730/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/index.html) & [chayote](foodfaq.html#chayote)---5000BC---
[chili peppers](foodmexican.html#chile), [avocados](foodmexican.html#avocados) & [taro](foodfaq2.html#taro)---5000BC---
[potatoes](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/potatoes.htm)---5000BC---
[milk](foodbeverages.html#milk) & [yogurt](foodfaq2.html#yogurt), & [sour cream](foodsauces.html#sourcream)---5000BC---
[pigeons](foodmeats.html#pigeons)---4600BC---
[grapes](fruit.html#grapes), [watermelons](fruit.html#watermelon) &
[sorghum](foodcandy.html#sorghum)---4000BC---
[oranges](foodfaq2.html#oranges) [citrons & Buddha's hand](foodfaq.html#citron) ---4000BC---
[pomegranates](foodfaq2.html#pomegranates)
---4000BC---
[popcorn](http://www.popcorn.org/EncyclopediaPopcornica/WelcometoPopcornica/HistoryofPopcorn/tabid/106/Default.aspx)---3600BC---
[chicken domestication](foodmeats.html#chicken)---3200BC---
[butter](shortening.html#butter) & [palm oil](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/palmoil.htm)---3000BC---[barley](http://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1523&context=ebl)
& [cassava](foodfaq.html#cassava) (manioc)---3000BC---
[peas](vegetables.html#peas) & [carrots](foodcakes.html#carrots)
---3000BC---
[onions](foodfaq2.html#onions) & [garlic](foodfaq1.html#garlic)---3000BC---
[apricots](foodfaq.html#apricots) & [spices](http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm)
---3000BC--- soybeans [I](http://www.soyinfocenter.com/HSS/history.php)---2838BC---
[tea](tea.pdf)---2737BC---
[olive oil](foodfaq2.html#oliveoil)---2500BC---
[seaweed](foodfaq.html#algae) & [duck](foodmeats.html#duck)
---2500BC---
[muskmelon](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/muskmelon.html)
---2400BC---
[saffron](foodfaq2.html#saffron) & [peach palm (page 211)](https://www.fao.org/3/t0646e/t0646e.pdf)
---2300BC---
[mustard](foodsauces.html#mustard), [pasta & noodles](foodfaq2.html#pasta)---2000BC---
[radishes](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/radishes.html),
[purslane](foodfaq2.html#purslane) &
[carob](https://web.archive.org/web/20100428113447/http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/economicbotany/Ceratonia/index.html) ---2000BC---
[peaches](foodfaq2.html#peaches)---2000BC---
[marshmallows](foodcandy.html#marshmallows), [liquorice](foodcandy.html#liquorice) & [jujubes](foodcandy.html#jujubes) ---2000BC---
[ham](foodmeats.html#ham) &
[sesame seeds](foodfaq2.html#sesameseeds) & [cultivated rye](foodbreads.html#rye)
---2000BC---
[chocolate](foodcandy.html#chocolate) & [vanilla](foodfaq2.html#vanilla)---1500BC---
[horseradish](http://www.horseradish.org/history.html)---1500BC---
[sugar](foodcandy.html#aboutsugar)---1200BC---
[pickles](foodfaq2.html#pickles) & [mangoes](foodfaq1.html#mangoes)---1000BC---
[oats](foodcookies.html#oats) & [bean sprouts](foodasian.html#beansprouts)---1000BC---
[pears](fruit.html#pears)---900BC---
[tomatoes](https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/tomato.html) & [tomatillos](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/1492/tomatillo.html)---900BC---
[celery](foodfaq.html#celery)---850BC---
[cinnamon](http://unitproj.library.ucla.edu/biomed/spice/index.cfm?displayID=5)---700BC---
[bananas](fruit.html#bananas),
[poppy seeds](foodfaq2.html#poppyseeds.html) &
[cabbage](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/cabbage.html)
---600BC---
[Guinea fowl in Greece](foodmeats.html#guineafowl)---500BC---
[Italian sausages](https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodmeats.html#sausage) & [artichokes](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/artichoke.html)---500BC---
[pastries](foodpies.html#pastry) & [appetizers](foodfaq7.html#appetizers)---400BC---
[vinegar](foodfaq2.html#vinegar)---400BC---
[peppercorns](foodfaq2.html#peppercorns), [cardoons](foodfaq.html#cardoons) & [garden cress (page 307)](https://www.fao.org/3/t0646e/t0646e.pdf)---400BC---
[parsley](foodfaq2.html#parsley)
---300BC---
[turkeys](foodmeats.html#turkey), [asparagus](foodfaq.html#asparagus) & [rhubarb](foodfaq2.html#rhubarb)
---200BC---
[quinces](http://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/q/quince04.html)---65BC---
[chestnuts](http://www.cambridge.org/us/books/kiple/chestnuts.htm) & [horehound](foodcandy.html#horehound)---1st Century---
[lobster, crab & shrimp](foodlobster.html)---1st
Century---
[truffles](foodfaq2.html#truffles), [dill](foodfaq2.html#dill) & [dormice](foodfaq1.html#dormice) ---1st Century---
[blueberries](fruit.html#blueberries) & [raspberries](http://www.uga.edu/fruit/rubus.html)---1st Century---
[capers](foodfaq.html#capers), [turnips](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/turnip.html) & [kale](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/kale.html)
---1st Century---
[costmary](vegetables.html#costmary) & [blood as food](foodmeats.html#blood)---1st Century---
[lemons](foodpies.html#lemons) ---3rd Century---
[pretzels](foodbreads.html#pretzels)---5th Century---
[eggplant](vegetables.html#eggplant)---6th Century---
[spinach](http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/6/id/15/) & [sago](foodfaq2.html#sago)---7th Century---
[coffee](https://www.pbs.org/food/the-history-kitchen/history-coffee/),
[cod](https://www.fao.org/fishery/en/culturedspecies/gadus_morhua/en) & [nutmeg](foodfaq2.html#nutmeg)---9th century---
[loquats](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/loquat.html) & [flower waters](foodfaq1.html#flowerwater)---10th century---
[corned beef](foodmeats.html#cornedbeef) & [cider](foodbeverages.html#cider)---11th century---
[lychees](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/lychee.html), [seitan & fu](foodasian.html#seitan)
---11th century---
[breadfruit](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/breadfruit.html), & [okra](foodfaq2.html#okra) & [artichokes](foodfaq.html#artichokes)
---12th century---
[gooseberries](fruit.html#gooseberries)---12th century---
[Walden saffron](foodfaq2.html#saffronwalden) &
[Mexican
limes](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mexican_lime.html)---14th
century---
[maslin](foodbreads.html#maslin)---1303---
[coconuts](foodfaq.html#coconuts) & [rutabagas](vegetables.html#rutabagas)---15th
century---
[Japanese sushi & sashimi](foodasian.html#sushi)---15th
century---
[pork & beans](foodfaq2.html#porkandbeans)---1475---
[pineapples](foodcakes.html#pineapples)---1493---
[marmelade](foodcandy.html#marmalade) ---1495---
[pecans](foodpies.html#pecans),
[papayas](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/papaya_ars.html) & [cauliflower](foodfaq.html#cauliflower)---16th century---
[turkeys in Europe](foodmeats.html#turkey)---16th century---
[cashews in India](foodfaq.html#cashews)---16th century---[Japanese tempura](foodmeats.html#tempura)---16th century---
[Texas
Longhorns](http://afs.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle/texaslonghorn/index.html)---16th century---
[vanilla in Europe](foodfaq2.html#vanilla)---16th century---
[tomatoes in Europe](foodsauces.html#europeantomatoes)---1544---
[fruit leather](foodcandy.html#fruitleather)---1587---
[Brussels sprouts](foodfaq.html#brussels) &
[target="new"kohlrabi](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/kohlrabi.html)---1587---
[skim milk](foodbeverages.html#skimmilk)---1596---
[yams & sweet potatoes](foodpies.html#yamsandsweets)---17th century---
[treacle](foodcandy.html#treacle)---17th Century---
[pralines](foodcandy.html#praline) & [coffee
cake](foodcakes.html#coffeecake)---17th Century---
modern [ice cream](foodicecream.html#icecream) & [maple sugar](foodcandy.html#maplesugar)---17th Century---
[cranberries in America](foodfaq1.html#cranberries)---17th Century---
[Jerusalem artichokes](foodfaq1.html#jerusalemartichokes)---1605---
[coffee in Europe](http://www.realcoffee.co.uk/Article.asp?Cat=history&page=3)---1615---
[rum](http://www.tastings.com/spirits/rum.html)---1650---
[Kosher food in the U.S.](http://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/10/nyregion/grant-lee-and-matzo-exhibit-traces-kosher-s-history-in-america.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/K/Kosher%20Foods&pagewanted=1)---1654---
[blackeyed peas in America](foodfaq.html#blackeyedpeas)---1675---
[grapefruit in Barbados](foodfaq1.html#grapefruit)---1683---
[broccoli in England](foodfaq.html#broccoli)---1699---
[coffee in America](foodbeverages.html#coffeeamerican)---18th Century---
[root beer](foodbeverages.html#rootbeer) & [tapioca](foodpuddings.html#tapioca)
---18th
Century---
[French fries](foodfaq1.html#frenchfries) & [ketchup](foodsauces.html#ketchup)---18th Century---
[hardtack & ship's biscuit](foodcookies.html#hardtack) ---18th Century---
---18th century---
[Montelimar nougat](http://www.nougat-gerbe-d-or.fr/anglaishistorique.htm)---1701---
[casseroles](foodfaq.html#casseroles)---1708---
[Commerical foods](http://www.sha.org/bottle/pdffiles/Jones1993.pdf)-1740-1820---
[sugar
beets](https://cropwatch.unl.edu/sugarbeet-history-nebraska)---1747---
[commercial gelatin](foodcandy.html#gelatine)---1754---
[mayonnaise](foodsauces.html#mayo) &
[Tartar sauce](foodsauces.html#tartar)---1756---
[egg nog](christmasfood.html#eggnog)---1760---
[soda water](http://www.gov.pe.ca/fae/env/pop.php3)---1767---
[New Zealand
spinach](http://www.ussl.ars.usda.gov/pls/caliche/halophyte.query?k=Species&q=tetragonoides target=)---1771---
[tomatoes in America](https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/vegetabletravelers/tomato.html)---1781---
[lollipops](foodcandy.html#lollipops)---1784---
[New Zealand mutton birds](australia.html#muttonbirds)------1788---
[switchel](foodbeverages.html#switchel)---1790---
[squirrel](foodmeats.html#squirrel)---19th century--
[Mandarin
oranges/Europe](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mandarin_orange.html)---1805---
[ice cream cones](http://www.historicfood.com/Ice%20Cream%20Cone.htm) & [sandwich
bread](foodbreads.html#pullman)---1807---
[corn syrup](foodcandy.html#cornsyrup) & [McIntosh
apples](http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/JF02/canadianfoodfirsts.asp)---1811---
[taffy, toffee &
butterscotch](foodcandy.html#toffee)---1817---
[new potatoes](foodfaq2.html#newpotatoes)---1817---
[lady fingers](foodcakes.html#ladyfingers)---1820---
[cocoa](foodbeverages.html#cocoa)---1828---
[soft drinks in America](http://books.google.com/books?id=XMA9gYIj-C4C&pg=RA2-PA2003&lpg=RA2-PA2003&dq=soda+soft+drinks+1830&source=bl&ots=nHNj84q7vj&sig=QtHRhbA7nxoIGuXgWBc75V4x9SE&hl=en&ei=rNjgSc2OIYbmlQedn_HfDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6)---1830---
[Turkish delight](foodcandy.html#turkishdelight) & [Worcestershire sauce](foodsauces.html#worcestershiresauce)---1830---
[Gibraltar rock](foodcandy.html#gibraltar)---1831---
[iodized salt](foodfaq2.html#iodizedsalt)---1833---
[Worsestershire sauce](http://www.worcestercitymuseums.org.uk/mag/spirit/spsauce.htm) &
[Michigan
mint](http://www.geo.msu.edu/geogmich/mint.html)---1835---
[Idaho
potatoes](http://www.idahopotato.com/?page=aristocrat_popup&is_popup=1&id=5) & [custard
powder](foodpuddings.html#custardpowder)---1837---
[Key limes](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/mexican_lime.html)---1839---
[corn starch](foodfaq.html#cornstarch)---1842---
[Chinese food in
America](foodasian.html)---1847---
[vanilla extract](http://www.southboroughhistory.org/History/Burnett%20Company/History_of_J_Burnett_Company.htm)---1847---
[Concord grapes](http://www.concordgrape.org/bodyhistory.html)---1849---
[modern marshmallows](foodcandy.html#marshmallows)
--1850---
[cherries](https://absolutemichigan.com/michigan/michigan-cherries/) in
Michigan---1852---
[potato chips](http://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/george-crum)---1853---
[Condensed milk](https://www.eaglebrand.com/history) ---1856---
[Peek Freans](https://www.mondelezinternational.com/Canada/Our-Brands/Peek-Freans)---1857---
[fish &
chips](https://www.nfff.co.uk/pages/fish-and-chips)---1860---
[Garibaldi biscuits](foodcookies.html#garibaldi)---1860s---
[Vernor's
Ginger Ale](https://detroithistorical.org/learn/encyclopedia-of-detroit/vernors-ginger-ale)---1862---
[breakfast cereal](https://www.cuisinenet.com/articles/breakfast-cereal-beginnings/)---1863---
[Conversation
Hearts](foodcandy.html#conversationhearts)---1866---
[synthetic baby food](foodbaby.html)---1867---
[Tabasco sauce](http://www.tabasco.com/tabasco_history/index.cfm)---1868---
[Fleischmann's
Yeast](https://www.fleischmannsyeast.com/our-history/) & [Kobe beef](foodmeats.html#kobe)---1868---
[Welch's grape juice](statefoods.html#welch)---1869---
[margarine](shortening.html#margarine) & [unsalted butter](shortening.html#unsaltedbutter)---1870s---
[California
raisins](https://caraisins.com/history/)---1870s--
[Philadelphia cream cheese](foodcakes.html#nycreamcheese)---1872---
[Graham crackers](foodcookies.html#grahamcrackers)
---1872---
[Heinz Ketchup](http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx)---1876---
[fondant](foodcandy.html#fondant)---1877---
[blood oranges in USA](food2.html#bloodorange) & [Thompson seedless grapes](fruit.html#thompsonseedless)---1878---
[Wheatena](http://www.homestatfarm.com/MemoryLane/ACenturyofWheatena/tabid/3012/Default.aspx target=) &
[Saccharin](http://www.jhu.edu/~gazette/1994/aug2294/remsen.html)---1879---
[passion fruit](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/passionfruit.html),
[desiccated eggs](foodeggs.html#driedeggs) & [crosnes](vegetables.html#crosnes)
---1880s--
[salt water taffy](foodcandy.html#salt water) &
[French dressing](foodsalads.html#frenchdressing)---1880s--
[Armour's 'Simon Pure'Leaf Lard](foodfaq1.html#leaflard)---1884--
[milk shakes](foodicecream.html#milkshake) & [Dr Pepper](https://drpeppermuseum.com/history/)---1885---
[Educator crackers](foodcookies.html#educator), [Salisbury steak](foodmeats.html#salisburysteak) & [evaporated
milk](http://www.petevaporatedmilk.com/history/Default.htm)---1885---
[Coca Cola](https://www.coca-colacompany.com/company/history)---1886---
[malted milk](foodicecream.html#maltedmilk) & [Georgia pecans](http://www.georgiapecans.org/general-info/pecan-facts)---1887---
[pancake syrups](foodfaq2.html#pancakesyrups)---1887---
[pizza](foodpies.html#pizza)---1889---
[Fig Newtons](foodcookies.html#fignewtons)
---1891---
[Cracker
Jacks](foodfaq.html#crackerjack)---1893---
[Minute tapioca](foodpuddings.html#minutetapioca)---1894---
[peanut butter](foodsandwiches.html#aboutpeanutbutter) & [tea bags](teatime.html#teabag)
---1895---
[Chop
suey](foodasian.html#chopsuey) &
[Corsicana fruitcake](https://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/entries/collin-street-bakery-corsicana)---1896---
[oatmeal cookies](foodcookies.html#oatmeal)---1896---
[Jell-O](http://www.jellogallery.org/) & [Campbell's tomato soup](foodfaq5.html#campbells)
---1897---
[cotton candy](foodcandy.html#cottoncandy) & [tangelos](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/tangelo.html)---1897---
[jelly beans](foodcandy.html#jellybeans) & [candy corn](halloween.html#candycorn)
---1898---
[Texas
sweet onions](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/plantanswers/publications/onions/onionhis.html) ---1898---
[Cottolene](http://www.journalofantiques.com/Feb02/hearthfeb.htm) & [Plasmon](foodfaq2.html#plasmon)
---1900---
[elbow macaroni](foodfaq2.html#elbow) & [Ice cream sandwiches](foodicecream.html#icecreamsandwich)---1900---
[peanut butter & jelly](foodsandwiches.html#peanut)---1901---
[Animal Crackers](foodcookies.html#animal) & [Black & Whites](foodcookies.html#black&white)---1902---[Karo syrup](http://www.karosyrup.com/our-history/)---1902---
[canned tuna](http://www.globefish.org/upl/Publications/GRP74TUNA_Mailing.pdf)---1903---
[banana splits](foodicecream.html#bananasplit) & [Ovaltine](http://www.ovaltine.co.uk/en/article.asp?chco_id=23)---1904---
[New Zealand kiwi](http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/kiwifruit/2) ---1904---
[New York pizza](foodpies.html#nypizza)
---1905---
[Taylor Pork Roll](statefoods.html#taylorporkroll)---1906---
[Meyer lemons](foodpies.html#meyerlemons)---1908---
[Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)](https://web.archive.org/web/20130319045905/http://www.cornellcollege.edu/chemistry/cstrong/512/MSG.pdf)---1909---
[orange juice](foodbeverages.html#orangejuice)---1910s--
[Crisco](https://crisco.com/our-heritage/) ---1911---
[Junket](http://www.junketdesserts.com/history.aspx) &
[Olivenaise](foodfaq2.html#olivenaise)---1911---
[Oreos](foodcookies.html#oreos) & [maraschino cherries](foodfaq.html#maraschino)
---1912---
[fortune cookies](foodasian.html#fortunecookies)
---1912---
[Mallomars](foodcookies.html#mallomars)---1913---
[Pan-Pak](restaurants.html#panpak)---1915---
[American shark](foodlobster.html#shark) &
[Australian Copha](australia.html#copha)---1916---
[Moon pies](http://moonpie.com/about) & [Marshmallow Fluff](https://marshmallowfluff.com/history-of-marshmallow-fluff/)---1917---
[Chase's Cherry Mash](https://cherrymash.com/our-legacy/)---1918---
[Hostess cup cakes](foodcakes.html#hostess)---1919---
[Eskimo Pie](https://sova.si.edu/record/NMAH.AC.0553) & [Good Humor](http://www.goodhumor.com/Our-History.aspx)---1920---
[Yoo-hoo](https://www.yoo-hoo.com/) & [cube steak](foodmeats.html#cubesteak)---1920s--
[Wonder Bread](http://www.wonderbread.com/#/about_wonder_bread/history) &
[zucchini](foodfaq2.html#zucchini)
---1921---
[Vegemite](http://www.kraftbrands.com/kraftvegemite/Pages/the-vegemite-story.aspx) &
[Girl Scout Cookies](http://www.girlscouts.org/program/gs_cookies/history.asp)---1922---
[popsicles](foodicecream.html#popsicles)---1923---
[frozen
foods](https://www.inventionandtech.com/content/how-we-got-frozen-food-1) & [Texas hot
weiners](https://www.loc.gov/collections/working-in-paterson/about-this-collection/)---1924---
[ready-to-spread frostings](foodcakes.html#readytospread) &
[Jujyfruit candy](foodcandy.html#jujubes)---1925---
[Orange Julius](http://www.orangejulius.com/about-us/)
---1926---
[Kool-Aid](https://www.adamshistory.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=32:kool-aid&catid=2&Itemid=42), [Pez](http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/haas.html), [Pepperoni Rolls](regionalfoods.html#pepperonirolls), & [Bridge mix](foodcandy.html#bridgemix)
---1927---
[Gerber's baby food](http://www.gerber.com/AllStages/About/Heritage.aspx) & [It's It](http://mistersf.com/new/newitsit.htm)---1928---
[Twizzlers](http://www.hersheycanada.com/en/products/details/twizzlers/index.asp) &
[Karmelkorn](http://www.karmelkorn.com/sec_history.html)---1929---
[Po'Boy & hot Italian sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#submarine)--1929---
[Twinkies](foodcakes.html#twinkies) &
[Jiffy biscuit mix](http://www.jiffymix.com/index.php/history/)--1930---
[Heinz 57 product line](fooddecades.html#30heinz)---1930---
[sliced bread](foodbreads.html#slicedbread) & [dry soup mix](foodsoups.html#soupmix)---1930s---
[spiral carved hams](foodmeats.html#spiralham) & [cheese puffs](foodfaq.html#cheesepuffs)---1930s---
[Vidalia onions](http://www.vidaliaonion.org/commercial/about-vidalia-onion-committee.php) &
[Frisbie Pies](foodpies.html#frisbie)---1930s---
[tacos](foodmexican.html#tacos) in LA---1931---
[London Broil](foodmeats.html#londonbroil) & [Tri-tip steak](foodmeats.html#tritip)
---1931---
[refrigerator biscuits](foodcookies.html#refrigeratorbiscuits)---1931---
[Fritos](https://www.fritolay.com/about-frito-lay/company-story) & [Pablum](foodbaby.html#pablum)
---1932---
[Marshmallow Sandwich cookies](foodmarsh.html)---1932---
[chocolate covered pretzels](foodbreads.html#chocolatepretzels) ---1933---
[Hawaiian
Punch](https://www.hawaiianpunch.com/) & [Rutgers tomatoes](https://web.archive.org/web/20160306070813/http://njfarmfresh.rutgers.edu/pdfs/Whatsinseason8-6-07.pdf) ---1934---
[Nabisco's Ritz crackers](foodcookies.html#ritz)---1934---
[Campbell's cream of mushroom soup](foodfaq.html#creamofmushroom) &
[Tex-Mex burritos](foodmexican.html#burritos)
---1934---
[sloppy joes](foodmeats.html#sloppyjoes)---1935---
[Py-O-My](foodcakes.html#pyomy) & [Dagwood
sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#dagwood)---1936---
[SPAM](foodmeats.html#SPAM), [Krispy Kreme](http://www.krispykreme.com/history.html) & [Hippodromes](foodmarsh.html#hippodromes)---1937---
[Hollywood bread](foodbreads.html#hollywood) &
[chicken & waffles](foodmeats.html#chicken&waffles)---1938---
[Cho cho ice cream treats](foodicecream.html#chocho)---1939---
[Ugli fruit](http://www.ugli.com/about_us.html) & [seedless
watermelon](https://naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT71326739/PDF)---1939---
[milk sold by the gallon](foodbeverages.html#galloncontainers)---1939---
[York Peppermint
Patties](http://www.hersheys.com/york/our-story.aspx) & [sponge candy](foodcandy.html#spongecandy)---1940---
[M & Ms](http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/mars.html) & [Cheerios](https://history.generalmills.com/brand-cheerios.html)
---1941---
[Corn dogs/Pronto pups](foodmeats.html#corndogs)
& [Blackout cakes](foodcakes.html#blackout)---1942---
[Chicago-style pizza](foodpies.html#chicagopizza)---1943---
[frozen orange juice](foodbeverages.html#frozenorangejuice) &
[Nutella](http://www.nutellausa.com/history.htm)---1946---
[*Gourmet*](fooddecades.html#gourmet1946) (magazine) food ads---1946---
[Betty Crocker's cake mix](foodcakes.html#aboutcakemixes)---1947---
[frozen french fries](foodfaq1.html#frozenfrench) & [Sau Sea shrimp cocktail](foodlobster.html#sausea)--1948---[Jolly
Ranchers](https://www.denverpost.com/2006/09/01/no-ranch-but-her-life-was-jolly/) ---1949---
[instant pudding](foodpuddings.html#instantpudding) & [high altitude cake mix](foodcakes.html#highaltitude)---1949---
[parbaked bread](parbakedbread.pdf) & [Friday Franks](foodlobster.html#fridayfranks)---1949---
[American Tex-Mex](foodmexican.html#mexican)---1950s--
[Irish coffee](foodbeverages.html#irishcoffee), [cappuccino](foodbeverages.html#cappuccino) &
[smoothies](foodbeverages.html#smoothies)---1950s--
[frozen pizza](foodpies.html#frozenpizza)---1950---
[chickenfurters](foodmeats.html#chickenfurter)---1951---
[diet soda](foodbeverages.html#dietsoda) & [Cheez Whiz](foodfaq.html#cheezwhiz)
---1952---
[Duncan Hines cake mixes](foodcakes.html#duncanhines)---1952---
[Maypo](http://www.homestatfarm.com/MemoryLane/MaypoTransformation/tabid/2997/Default.aspx)
---1953---
[Marshmallow
Peeps](http://www.justborn.com/get-to-know-us/our-story) ---1953---
[TV Dinners](http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/mysteries/tvdinner.html)---1953---
[ranch dressing](https://www.hiddenvalley.com/about-us/) & [tracklements](foodfaq2.html#tracklements)---1954---
[frozen pie crust](foodpies.html#frozenpiecrust)---1955---
[chocolate covered ants](foodcandy.html#chocolateants)---1956---
[Tang](foodbeverages.html#tang) &
[Pam](https://www.conagrabrands.com/our-food/brands/PAM-cooking)---1957---
[Rice-A-Roni](http://www.ricearoni.com/rar_aboutUs/foundingFamily/) & [instant ramen noodles](foodasian.html#ramen) ---1958---
[brown rice
in USA](https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections?key=35&objkey=97)---1960s---
[Fruit Stripe gum](foodfaq.html#fruitstripegum)---1960---
[Life
cereal](http://www.quakeroats.com/about-quaker-oats/content/quaker-history.aspx#yr10)---1961---
[instant
mashed potatoes](https://www.myrecipes.com/ingredients/instant-potato-flakes-history) & [PDQ](foodbeverages.html#pdq)---1962---
[round sandwich bread](foodbreads.html#roundsliced)---1963---
[Brown & Serve bacon](foodmeats.html#brown&serve)---1963---
[Carnation Instant Breakfast](foodbeverages.html#carnationinstant) &
[Belgian waffles](foodfaq2.html#waffles) & [Pop Tarts](foodpies.html#poptarts)---1964---
[Buffalo Wings](https://anchorbar.com/about-us/history/)
---1964---
[fast food chicken sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#chickensandwich)---1964---
[Gatorade](https://www.gatorade.com.mx/company/heritage) & [Slurpees](http://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2005-07-10-slurpee-usat_x.htm)---1965---
[high fructose corn syrup](foodcandy.html#hfcs)---1967---
[Ramapo tomatoes](http://www.njfarmfresh.rutgers.edu/JerseyTomato.html)---1968---
[Snack Pack](https://www.snackpack.com/) & [Space Food Sticks](http://www.spacefoodsticks.com/history.html)
---1968---
[Snackin Cake](foodcakes.html#snackincake)---1971---
[beefalo](foodmeats.html#beefalo)&& [Flame Seedless grapes](fruit.html#flameseedless)---1973---
[Lactaid](http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/holsinger.html)---1974---
[Pop Rocks](foodcandy.html#poprocks) &
[Jelly Bellies](http://www.jellybelly.com/about_jelly_belly/company_history.aspx)
---1976---
[orange cauliflower](foodfaq.html#orangecauliflower)---1976---
[pulled pork](foodmeats.html#pulledpork) & [generic foods](foodfaq1.html#generic)---1977---
[panko](foodbreads.html#panko) & [portobello mushrooms](foodfaq2.html#portobello)
---1980s---
[bubble tea](foodbeverages.html#bubbletea), [chicken nuggets](foodmeats.html#nuggets) & [Sriracha sauce---1980s---
[Yukon gold
potatoes](http://www.uoguelph.ca/plant/research/potato/history/yukongold.html)---1980---
[Gardenburgers](http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/wenner.html)---1982---
[Orangetti spaghetti
squash](http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-445.html)---1986---
[Red Bull energy drink](https://www.redbull.com/us-en/energydrink/company-profile)---1984---
[everything bagels](foodbreads.html#everythingbagel) & [garlic knots](foodbreads.html#garlicknots)
---1988---
[artisan breads](foodbreads.html#artisan) & [greenhouse tomatoes](https://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/pub-details/?pubid=45477)---1990s---
[edamame in the USA](foodasian.html#edamame)---1990s---
[turkey bacon](foodmeats.html#turkeybacon)---1991---
[pretzel bread](foodbreads.html#pretzelbread)---1992---
[broccolini](foodfaq.html#broccolini)---1993---
Flavr Savr tomatoes [I (launch)](https://web.archive.org/web/20000623222455/http://www.accessexcellence.com/AB/BA/Flavr_Savr_Arrives.html) & [II (shelved in 1997)](https://smile.oregonstate.edu/sites/smile.oregonstate.edu/files/additional_resources-flavr_savr.pdf)---1994---
[Tofurkey](http://www.tofurky.com/tofurkyproducts/holiday_products.html)---1995---
[grape tomatoes](foodsauces.html#grapetomatoes)---1997---
[Omega 3 Eggs](https://ianrnews.unl.edu/0102260.html)---2001---
[Flat iron steak](https://ianrnews.unl.edu/0205104.html) & [tear-free onions](http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/02/080202115345.htm)---2002---
[Mexican funnel cake](foodfaq1.html#mexicanfunnelcake)---2008---
[What's hot?](http://www.restaurant.org/News-Research/Research/What-s-Hot)---2013---
[Cronuts](foodfaq1.html#cronuts) &
[test tube
burgers](https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/google-founder-sergey-brin-man-300k-test-tube/story?id=19872215)---2013---](foodsauces.html#sriracha) | timeline separator bar
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timeline separator bar | historic recipes
---10,000BC---[flour](foodbreads.html#flour), [bread](foodbreads.html#breadhistory) & [soup](foodsoups.html)
---4000BC---[yeast breads](foodbreads.html): pitta & focaccia
---3000BC---[ice cream](foodicecream.html)
---2300BC---[Ancient
Egypt](foodfaq3.html#egypt)
---1700BC---[Mesopotamia](foodfaq3.html#mesopotamia)
[banquets & [recipes](https://web.archive.org/web/20121004013142/http://oi.uchicago.edu/OI/MUS/ED/TRC/MESO/life_a.pdf)
---900BC---[polenta](foodfaq.html#polenta)
---350BC---[dolma](foodfaq1.html#dolma)
---1st Century---[Bible era foods](foodfaq3.html#biblenew)
---1st Century---[Ancient Rome](foodfaq6.html#ancientrome)
---1st Century---[fried
chicken](foodmeats.html#friedchicken), [foie
gras](foodmeats.html#foiegras)
---1st Century--- [French toast](foodfaq1.html#frenchtoast) & [omlettes](foodeggs.html#omelettes)
---1st Century---[Italian wedding
soup](foodsoups.html#italianweddingsoup) & [rice pudding](foodpuddings.html#rice)
---1st Century---[flan](foodpuddings.html#flan) &
[cheesecake](foodcakes.html#cheesecake)
---1st Century---[The
Haggis](foodpuddings.html#haggis), [stuffed dates](foodfaq1.html#stuffeddates) & [pears in syrup](foodfaq2.html#pearsinwine)
---1st Century---[challah](foodbreads.html#challah) &
[Parthian](foodbreads.html#parthian)
breads](http://mesopotamia.lib.uchicago.edu/mesopotamialife/article.php?theme=Daily%20Life)
---3rd Century---[De Re
Culinaria](http://www.fh-augsburg.de/%7Eharsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_re00.html) (in Latin) & [De Opsoniis et
Condimentis](https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb0721968f), Apicius
---4th century---[Byzantine bread](foodbreads.html#byzantinebread)
---5th-9th century---[Anglo-Saxon foods](https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq3.html#anglosaxon)
---7th century---[kimchi](http://www.lifeinkorea.com/culture/kimchi/kimchi.cfm?xURL=origin)
---8th century---[Ancient
Maya](foodmaya.html#maya)
---8th-12th century---[Viking foods](foodfaq3.html#viking)
---9th century---[halva](foodcandy.html#halva) & [goulash](foodsoups.html#goulash)
---10th-15th century---[**Medieval food & menus**](foodfaq3.html#medieval)
---10th century---[Peking
duck](foodasian.html#pekingduck) & [Shark's fin soup](foodasian.html#sharksfin)
---11th century---[baklava](foodpies.html#baklava) & [bannock](foodfaq2.html#bannock)
---13th Century---[ravioli](foodfaq2.html#ravioli), [lasagne](foodfaq2.html#lasagna) & [mozzarella cheese](foodfaq2.html#mozzarella)
---13th Century---[pancakes](foodfaq2.html#pancakes) & [waffles](foodfaq2.html#waffles)
---13th century---[brawn](foodmeats.html#brawn),
[salsify](foodfaq2.html#salsify) & [couscous](foodfaq1.html#couscous)
---14th century---
[kebabs](foodmeats.html#kebabs) & [moon cakes](foodasian.html#mooncakes)
---14th century---[scrambled eggs](foodeggs.html#scrambled) &
[guacamole](foodmexican.html#avocados)
---14th century---[escabeche](foodlobster.html#escabeche) & [verjuice](fruit.html#verjuice)
---14th century---[pie](foodpies.html#aboutpie) &
[humble pie](http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=20010313)
---14th century---
[kolache](foodcakes.html#kolache), [Trenchers](foodbreads.html#trenchers), [Frumenty](foodpuddings.html#frumenty) &
[Blancmanger](foodpuddings.html#blancmanger)
---14th century---[*Viandier de Taillevent*](http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/vi-vat.htm) &
[*Le Menagier de Paris*](http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/menagier/)
---1381---[apple pie](foodpies.html#applepie) &
[crumpets](foodfaq2.html#crumpets)
---1386---[Chaucerian Cookery](http://www.godecookery.com/chaucer/ccookery.htm),
feasts!
---1390---
*[The Forme of Cury](http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/foc/)*
---1390---[applesauce](foodfaq.html#applesauce)
---1393---[fried cheese sticks](foodfaq1.html#friedcheese)
---1395---[gingerbread](christmasfood.html#gingerbread)
---15th century---[jelly, jams & preserves](foodcandy.html#jellyjam)
---15th century---[stracciatelle & zanzarelli](foodsoups.html#stracciatelle),
[risotto](foodfaq2.html#risotto)
---15th century--- [borscht](foodsoups.html#borscht) & [marzipan](foodcandy.html#marzipan)
---15th century--[Sauce Robert](foodsauces.html#robert)
---15th century--- [doughnuts](foodfaq1.html#doughnuts) &
[hot dogs](foodmeats.html#hotdogs)
---1475--- [wassail](christmasfood.html#wassail)
---1492---Christopher Columbus [old world cuisine](https://web.archive.org/web/20130805092929/http://www.castellobanfi.com/pdf_files/ChristopherColumbus-HisGastronomicPersona.pdf)
---16th century---[sweetbreads](foodmeats.html#sweetbreads) & [salsa](foodmexican.html#salsa)
---16th century---[quiche](foodpies.html#quiche) & [puff paste](foodpies.html#puffpaste)
---16th century---[teriyaki chicken](foodasian.html#teriyaki) & [Cornish pastys](http://www.cornwall-online.co.uk/history/pasty.htm) & [Polish Bigos](foodsoups.html#bigos)
---16th century---[English snow eggs](foodeggs.html#snow) & [syllabub](christmasfood.html#syllabub)
---1514---[*Een Notabel Boecxken Van
Cokeryen*](http://www.kookhistorie.nl/NBC/index_nbc.htm), in Dutch
---1545---[*A Proper newe Booke of
Cokerye*](http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bookecok.htm)
---1590---[Shakepeare's food](foodfaq3.html#shakespeare)
---1593---[*Cocboeck*](http://www.kookhistorie.nl/cb/index_cb.htm), Carolus Battus (in
Dutch)
---1596---[English
trifle](foodfaq1.html#englishtrifle)
---1597---[potato salad](foodsalads.html#potatosalad)
---1598---[cock-a-leekie](foodsoups.html#cockaleekie)
---1599---[hasty pudding](foodpuddings.html#hasty)
---17th Century---
[corn bread, hoe cakes, spoonbread & hominy](foodfaq.html#cornbread)
---17th Century---[chess pie](foodpies.html#chess) & [shortbread](foodcookies.html#shortbread)
---17th Century---[French
onion soup](foodsoups.html#frenchonionsoup), [pea soup](foodsoups.html#peas) & [cream puffs](foodpies.html#creampuffs)
---17th century--- Salad
[I](https://web.archive.org/web/20140208071142/http://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_17_Century_Salads.pdf) & [II](http://www.journalofantiques.com/July01/hearthjul.htm)
---17th century [Hodge Podge](foodsoups.html#hodgepodge) & [Olla
Podria](foodsoups.html#ollapodrida)
---1604---[Raspberry jelly](http://www.journalofantiques.com/hearthaug.htm) & modern
version
---1607--Jamestown settlers ate [pottage](http://www.historyisfun.org/pdfbooks/life_at_jamestown.pdf) (p. 20)
---1610---[bagels](foodbreads.html#bagels)
---1612---[*Koocboec
oft familieren keukenboec*](http://www.kookhistorie.nl/magirus/magirus1612.htm), Magirus (in Dutch)
---1615---[*A New booke of
cookerie*](http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/1615murr.htm)
---1616---[*Koge-Bog*](http://www.notaker.com/onlitxts/kogebog.htm) (first printed
Nordic cookbook)
---1621---
[Pilgrim Thanksgiving](foodthanksgiving.html#colonialthanksgiving)
---1638---[Mobby](foodbeverages.html#mobby)
---1653---[pumpkin
pie](foodpies.html#pumpkinpie) & [lemonade](foodbeverages.html#lemonade)
---1662---[Boston brown bread](foodbreads.html#bostonbrown) (aka Ryaninjun)
---1664---[potato bread](foodbreads.html#potato)
---1669---[*De Verstandige Kock*](http://www.kookhistorie.nl/VK/index_vk.htm), in
Dutch
---1672---[*Queen-Like Closet*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/14377/14377-8.txt),
Hannah Wooley
---1683---[*De Verstandige
Kock*](https://archive.archaeology.org/online/features/lott/recipe.html), colonial Dutch recipes
---1685---[*Accomplisht Cook*](http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22790),
Robert May
---1686---[croissants](foodbreads.html#croissants)
---1691---[lemon meringue
pie](foodpies.html#lemonmeringuepie)
---1694---[portable soup](foodsoups.html#portable)
---1698---[punch](foodbeverages.html#punch)
---1699---John Evelyn's [*Acetaria: Discourse of Sallets*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/15517/15517-h/15517-h.htm)
---18th century ---[Colonial & Early American fare](foodcolonial.html#colonialfare)
---18th century ---[crab cakes](foodlobster.html#crabcakes), [ratafia](foodfaq2.html#ratafia) & [sangria](foodbeverages.html#sangria)
---18th century--- [muffins](foodfaq2.html#muffins) & [crackers](foodcookies.html#crackers)
---18th century---
[chowder](foodsoups.html#chowder) & [beef tea](foodbeverages.html#beeftea)
---18th century---[cinnimon
buns](foodbreads.html#stickybuns) & [English muffins](foodfaq2.html#englishmuffins)
---1702---[pepper pot soup](foodsoups.html#pepperpot)
---1706---[croquettes](foodmeats.html#croquettes)
---1720---[*Receipts of Pastry and Cookery for the Use of his Scholars*](https://www.loc.gov/item/44028152/), Ed. Kidder
---1725---[Welsh Rabbit](foodfaq1.html#rabbit)
---1727---[Hasty pudding](http://www.journalofantiques.com/June01/hearthjun.htm), *The
Compleat Housewife* E. Smith
---1728---
[mushroom ketchup](https://web.archive.org/web/20140208051331/https://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Ketchup.pdf)
---1736---[Scottish tablet](foodcandy.html#tablet)
---1740---[pound cake](foodcakes.html#poundcake) & [cupcakes](foodcakes.html#cupcakes)
---1744---[Espagnole sauce](foodsauces.html#espagnole)
---1747---[Floating island](foodeggs.html#floating)
---1747---[Yorkshire
pudding](foodpuddings.html#yorkshire) & [sweet potato pie](foodpies.html#sweetpotatopie)
---1747---
[Salmagundi](https://archive.org/details/acollectionabov00kettgoog/page/n209/mode/2up?q=magundy) &
[mashed potatoes](foodfaq1.html#mashedpotatoes)
---1753---[diet bread](foodcakes.html#dietbread)
---1754---[Colonial Williamsburg](http://www.history.org/Almanack/life/food/foodhdr.cfm)
food
---1754--- [Swedish meatballs](foodmeats.html#swedishmeatballs)
---1755--- [turtle soup](foodsoups.html#turtle)
---1762---[sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html)
---1764---[*English Houswifery*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10072/10072.txt),
Elizabeth Moxon
---1765---[apple butter](foodfaq.html#applesauce)
---1769---[beef
a la mode](http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/raffald1769.html) , *Experienced English Housekeeper*
---1769---[Eccles
cakes](foodcakes.html#eccles)
---1770---[Colonial wedding
cakes](foodcolonial.html#colonial) & [Crab soup](foodsoups.html#crabsoup)
---1771--- [Election Cake](foodcakes.html#election)
---1775---[Dried apples](http://www.paulreverehouse.org/kids/justforfun.html) from [Paul Revere's kitchen](http://www.paulreverehouse.org/kids/kitchen.html)
---July 4, 1776---[American Independence Day menus 1776--present](july4th.html)
---1780s---[Martha
Washington's
Great Cake](http://www.mountvernon.org/learn/explore_mv/index.cfm/pid/289/)
---1780s---Thomas Jefferson's
[ice cream](http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/dayinlife/dining/at.html) [(manuscript)](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri034.html) & [muffins](http://www.monticello.org/jefferson/dayinlife/breakfast/at.html)
---1780s---Martha Jefferson's [cream cheese](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri033.html)
---1782---[souffle](foodeggs.html#souffle)
---1784---[Mulligatawny soup](foodsoups.html#mulligatawny)
---1785---[*Kokebok*](http://www.notaker.com/onlitxts/manurik1.htm), from Norway
---1786---[deviled eggs](foodeggs.html#deviledeggs)
---1787---[toad-in-a-hole](foodmeats.html#toad)
---1789---[aspic](foodfaq.html#aspic) & [Moravian sugar cakes](statefoods.html#moraviansugarcakes)
---1790---[pasta & tomato sauce](foodsauces.html#pastatomatoes)
---1790s---[California Mission foodwasy](statefoods.html#calmissions)
---1792---[*English Art of Cookery*](http://tinyurl.com/65o7bto),
Richard Briggs
---1792--- [mock turtle soup](foodsoups.html#mockturtle)
---1796---[pompkin pudding](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/uc006184.jpg) &
[federal pancakes,
Amelia Simmon's
[*American
Cookery*](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/tri054.html)
---1796---[Charlotte &
Charlotte Russe](foodfaq1.html#charlotte)
---1798---[*American
Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_01.cfm), Amelia Simmons
---1798---[turnovers](foodpies.html#portable)
---19th Century---[Frontier American fare](foodpioneer.html) &
[Victorian era foodways](foodpioneer.html#victorian)
---19th Century---[Chile con carne](foodmexican.html#chiliconcarne) & [fondue](foodfaq1.html#fondue)
---19th Century--[wedding cake](foodcakes.html#weddingcake), [Sally Lunn](foodbreads.html#sallylunn) &
[salt rising bread](foodbreads.html#saltrisingbread)
---19th Century--[Napoleons](foodpies.html#napoleons), [Linzertortes](foodcakes.html#linzertortes) & [ammonia cookies](foodcookies.html#ammonia)
---19th Century--
[shepherd's pie](foodpies.html#shepherdspie) &
[Cape Breton pork pie](foodpies.html#capebreton)
---19th Century--
[American mangoes](foodfaq1.html#mangousa) & [pickled peppers](foodfaq2.html#pickledpeppers)
---19th Century--
[canapes](foodsandwiches.html#canapes) & [timbales](foodpies.html#timbale)
---19th Century--[fines herbes](foodfaq1.html#finesherbes)
---1800---Regency English [menus & recipes](foodfaq6.html#austen) [Jane
Austen]
---1800---Napoleon's [Chicken Marengo](foodmeats.html#chickenmarengo)
---1802---[fried ice cream](foodicecream.html#friediceccream)
---1803---[Mint Julep](foodbeverages.html#mintjulep) & [Gumbo](http://www.southerngumbotrail.com/history.shtml)
---1803---[*Frugal
Housewife*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_02.cfm), Susannah Carter
---1804---[pemmican](foodmeats.html#pemmican)
---1805---[white pudding](http://www.lewis-clark.org/bison/bison_recipe.htm) & [pot pie](foodpies.html#potpie)
---1807---[*A New
System of Domestic Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_03.cfm), Mrs. Rundell
---1808---Lucy Emerson's [*New England
Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_04.cfm)
---1810---[Brunswick stew](foodmeats.html#brunswickstew) & [Kentucky burgoo](foodmeats.html#burgoo)
---1817---[Remoulade](foodsauces.html#remoulade)
---1820---[ginger ale](foodbeverages.html#gingerale)
---1821---[Tomata catsup &
orange marmelade](http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/accum1821.html), Frederick Accum's *Culinary Chemistry*
---1824---[chicken-fried
steak](foodmeats.html#countryfriedsteak), [oyster ice cream](foodicecream.html#oystericecream) & [gazpacho](foodsoups.html#gazpacho) in
America
---1826---Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin's [Physiologie du Gout](https://www.gutenberg.org/files/22741/22741-h/22741-h.htm) (Note: this is the 1848 edition; the 1826 is no longer available online)
---1826---[*Cook and Housewife's Manual*](http://books.google.com/books?vid=0qp7op3DrgDWJ1oh&id=c_AGx2L5UPEC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Cook+and+#PPP6,M1), Margaret Dods (Scotland)
---1827---[lemon drops](foodcandy.html#lemondrops) &
[carrot ale](foodcakes.html#carrotale)
---1828---[Duck a
l'Orange](foodmeats.html#duckalorange)
---1828---
[Vermont common
crackers](foodcookies.html#vermont) & [Philadelphia Apee cookies](foodcookies.html#apees)
---1828---[Sauce Allemande](foodsauces.html#allemande) &
[Cabinet pudding](foodpuddings.html#cabinet)
---1830---[*Frugal
Housewife*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_06.cfm)/Child & [*Cooks Oracle*](http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/28681)/Kitchiner
---1830---Reform Club chef Alex Soyer's Dessert
gelatin
---1830---[carrot cake](foodcakes.html#carrotcake),
[Hopping John](foodfaq1.html#hoppingjohn),
& [bouillabaisse](http://www.cliffordawright.com/caw/food/entries/display.php/topic_id/21/id/70/)
---1831--- [*The Cook
Not Mad*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_07.cfm), Watertown NY
---1832---[*Seventy-five
Receipts for Pastry, Cakes and Sweetmeats*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_09.cfm), Eliza Leslie
---1832---[*The Cook's
Own Book*](1832.html), N.K.M. Lee
---1834---[Palestine soup](foodsoups.html#palestine)
---1838---[*The Virginia
Housewife*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_10.cfm), Mary Randolph
---1839---[*The Good
Housekeeper*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_11.cfm), Sarah Josepha Hale
---1839---[cobbler](foodpies.html#cobbler)
---1840---[*Directions
for Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_12.cfm), Eliza Leslie
---1840---[*Cuisiniere Canadienne*](http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/cuisine/027006-119.03-e.php?PHPSESSID=e3hgf4u7ajsaoa185nmi4l97q5), L. Perrault, Montreal
---1840s--[Oregon trail foods](foodpioneer.html#pioneer)
---1840s--[Irish soda
bread](foodbreads.html#irishsodabread) & [French Savarin](foodcakes.html)
---1840s--[pork steaks](foodmeats.html#porksteaks) & [head cheese](foodmeats.html#brawn)
---1844--- [Cornish pastys in UP](http://www.hu.mtu.edu/vup/pasty/recipes.htm)
---1845---[roly-poly
pudding](foodpuddings.html#rolypoly) & [Bakewell pudding](foodpuddings.html#bakewell) & [fines herbes](foodfaq1.html#finesharbes)
---1845---[tipsy parson](foodcakes.html#tipsyparson) &
[chicken salad](foodsalads.html#chickensalad)
---1846---[*Jewish Manual*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/12327/12327-8.txt), Judith
Montefiore & [*Domestic Receipt Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_18.cfm)/
Catharine Beecher
---1847---[Utah bound!](https://web.archive.org/web/20141009034611/http://heritage.uen.org/resources/food_list.htm)
---1847---[peanut
brittle](foodcandy.html#brittle)
---1848---[pesto](foodsauces.html#pesto)
---1849---[Eliza cookees](http://www.historycook.com/chap14.htm), Mrs. Hubbell
---1849---California [sourdough bread](foodbreads.html#sourdough) & [Hangtown fry](foodeggs.html#hangtowfry)
---1850s--[Western sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#western)
---1850s--[Mock apple pie](foodpies.html#mock)
---1850---[Anadama bread](foodbreads.html)
---1851---[*Great
Western Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_20.cfm), Anna Collins
---1852---[*Handbook of Invalid
Cooking*](http://www.archive.org/details/ahandbookinvali01bolagoog)/Mary Boland
---1853---[Maryland
beaten biscuits](foodcookies.html#beatenbiscuits)
---1855---[Boston
cream
pie](foodpies.html#bostoncreampie)
---1856---[Navy bean soup](foodsoups.html#navybean)
---1857---[Hanna Winsnes' cookbook](https://www.dokpro.uio.no/litteratur/winsnes/frames.htm)
(in Norwegian)
---1857---[Country
Captain Chicken](foodmeats.html#countrycaptain) & [iced coffee](foodbeverages.html#icedcoffee)
---1857---Eliza Acton's [*English Bread Book*](http://books.google.com/books?vid=0qqquerXKWT-EyeO&id=UDwCAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA1-PA153&lpg=RA1-#PPP6,M1)
---1859---[*The
Curiosities of Food*](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=coo.31924003522103#view=1up;seq=7)/Simmonds (extreme cuisine)
---1860---[Cakes](http://www.victoriana.com/library/cake.html) & [plum puddings](http://www.victoriana.com/christmas/plum-99.htm), *Godey's
Lady's Book*
---1860s---[Baked
Alaska](foodicecream.html#bakedalaska) & [ice tea](foodbeverages.html#icedtea)
---1861---[*Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management*](http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/10136)
---1861---[Beef Stroganoff](foodmeats.html#beefstroganoff) &
[popcorn balls](https://web.archive.org/web/20140208063250/https://www.culinaryhistoriansny.org/files/Recipes/Recipe_Popcorn.pdf)
---1861-1865---[Civil War foods](foodpioneer.html#civilwar)
---1863---[*Confederate Receipt Book*](http://docsouth.unc.edu/imls/receipt/receipt.html),
Richmond VA
---1863---[fruit
salad](foodsalads.html#fruitsalad)
---1864---Sanderson's [*Complete
Confectioner*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_23a.cfm) & [*Complete
Cook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_23b.cfm)
---1864---[Apple
Brown Betty](foodpies.html#crisp)
---1865---Mrs. Goodfellow's [*Cookery as it should be*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEL7629)
---1866---[*The National Cookbook*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEK7304), Hannah Peterson
---1868---[*The Dominion Home Cookbook*](http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?id=a836d8585d&doc=27128), Toronto
---1869---[parfaits](foodicecream.html#parfait), [pickled
limes](foodfaq2.html#pickledlimes) & [bordelaise sauce](foodsauces.html#bordelaise)
& [Chateaubriand](foodmeats.html#chateaubriand)
---1869---[*Wright's book of
3000 practical receipts*](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AJQ0894.0001.001)
---1870s--
[American pot roast](foodmeats.html#potroast) & [Parker House
rolls](foodbreads.html#parker)
---1870s---[Neapolitan
ice cream](foodicecream.html#neapolitan) & [Caramel cake](foodcakes.html#caramelcake)
---1870s---[Cowboy cooking](foodpioneer.html#cowboy)
---1870---[*Jennie June's
American Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_28.cfm), Jane Cunningham Croly
---1870---New Orleans [King cakes](christmasfood.html#twelfthnight)
---1871---[groom's
cake](foodcakes.html#groomscake) & [marble cake](foodcakes.html#marble)
---1871---
Wild Turkey &
[cheese straws](foodbreads.html#cheesestraws)
---1872---[Jambalaya](foodmeats.html#jambalaya)
---1873---[American
cuisine](https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=moa;idno=AEK7243), from *Miss Beecher's Housekeeper and Healthkeeper* cookbook
---1874---[*Mrs. Winslow's Domestic Receipt Book*](brandquiz.html#mrswinslow)
---1875---[*Breakfast,
Luncheon, and Tea*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_31.cfm), Marion Harland
---1875---[*Young Housewife's Counsellor
and Friend*](http://docsouth.unc.edu/nc/mason/mason.html#p15 target=), Mary Ann Mason
---1876---[*Practical
Cooking and Dinner Giving*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_32.cfm), Henderson
---1876---[popovers](foodpuddings.html#popovers),
ground nut cakes &
[Lobster
Newburg](foodlobster.html#newberg)
---1877---
[ambrosia](foodfaq.html#ambrosia) & [vinegar pie](foodpies.html#vinegarpie)
---1877---
Wilcox's [*Buckeye
Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_33.cfm) & Kettner's [*Book of the Table*](http://archive.org/details/kettnersbooktab00dallgoog)
---1878---[hermit cookies](foodcookies.html#hermits)
---1878---[*Directions
Diverses*](http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/ItemRecord/02193?id=34a90b469052b087), Montreal
---1879---
[*Mrs. Porter's New Southern Cookery Book*](http://openlibrary.org/books/OL24359781M/Mrs._Porter%27s_new_southern_cookery_book_and_companion_for_frugal_and_economical_housekeepers), Mrs. M. E. Porter
---1879---[funnel
cakes](foodfaq1.html#funnelcakes)
---1880---[*Miss Parloa's
New Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_36.cfm), Maria Parloa
---1880s---[angel food](foodcakes.html#angelfood) & [chocolate pie](foodpies.html#chocolate)
---1880s---[Baked Alaska](foodicecream.html#bakedalasksa) & [American meatloaf](foodmeats.html#meatloaf)
---1881---[*What Mrs.
Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_35.cfm), Abby Fisher
---1882---[Chicken tartare](foodmeats.html#chickentartare)
---1883---[Christmas
pudding](http://www.journalofantiques.com/Jan02/hearthjan.htm)
---1884---[*Mrs.
Lincoln's Boston Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_37.cfm)
---1884---[porcupines](foodmeats.html#porcupines) &
[Angels on horseback](foodlobster.html#angels)
---1885---[*La Cuisine
Creole*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_38.cfm), Lafcadio Hearn
---1886---[*Woman's
Suffrage Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_43.cfm), Mrs. Hattie A. Burr
---1886---[*Miss Corson's
Practical American Cookery*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_39.cfm), Juliet Corson
---1886---[pecan pie](foodpies.html#pecan)
---1887---[Cherries jubilee](foodfaq.html#cherriesjubilee) & [Heavenly hash](foodicecream.html#heaven)
---1887---[*White
House Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_40.cfm), F.L. Gillette
---1887---[*Canning & Preserving*](https://archive.org/details/canningpreservin00rore), Mrs. Rorer
---1889---[*Aunt
Babette's Cook Book: Foreign and Domestic Receipts*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_41.cfm)
---1889---[bundt cake](foodcakes.html#bundt)
---1890s---corn oysters &
[ice cream sundaes](foodicecream.html#sundaes)
---1890s---[chicken cacciatora](foodmeats.html#chasseur) &
[picnic ham](foodmeats.html#picnicham)
---1892---[*Science in
the Kitchen*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_44.cfm), Ella Eaton Kellogg
---1893---[*Art of Living in
Australia*](https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/4219), Philip Muskett
---1893---[*La Cuisine
Francaise: French Cooking for Every Home...*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_46.cfm)
---1893---[*Favorite
Dishes*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_45.cfm), Carrie V. Shuman
---1893---[ice cream a la mode](foodicecream.html#alamode)
& [fudge](foodcandy.html#fudge)
---1894---Ranhofer's [*The
Epicurean*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_47.cfm)
---1894---[Terrapin](http://www.nyfoodmuseum.org/terrapin.htm), from Delmonico's in
NYC
---1894---[Eggs Benedict](foodeggs.html#eggsbenedict)
---1894---[*Recipes Tried and
True*](http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/gutenberg/etext97/tandt10.txt), Marion Ohio
---1896---[Waldorf
salad](foodsalads.html#waldorfsalad)
---1896---[*Boston
Cooking School Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_48.cfm), Fannie Merritt Farmer
---1896---[*The Cook Book*](http://www.archive.org/details/tchirkycookbook00tschrich), Oscar Tschirky (of the Waldorf)
---1896---[Military field
bread](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_49.cfm), *U.S. Manual for
Army Cooks*](http://www.lauraschenone.com/newsletter/archives/10-04_federal_pancakes.html)
---1896---[*Henriette
Davidis' Practical Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_50.cfm), 35th German edition (in English)
---1897---[*Swedish-American
Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_51.cfm) (Swedish and English)
---1897---[*Steiger's Deutsch-Amerikaniches
Kochbuch*](http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5070104) (in German)
---1897---[Nantua sauce](foodsauces.html#nantua)
---1898---[Lane Cake](foodcakes.html#lane) & [Shrimp wiggle](foodlobster.html#wiggle)
---1899---[Oysters Rockefeller](foodlobster.html#oystersrockefeller)
---1900s--[Popular USA foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1900s)
---1900s--[cioppino](foodsoups.html#cioppino), [Oysters Kirkpatrick](foodlobster.html#oysterskirkpatrick) &
a href="foodmeats.html#swisssteak">Swiss steak
---1900s--[*Culinary Wrinkles,
or how to use Armour's extract of beef*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0014)
---1900---[*Morristown Cook Book*](http://www.archive.org/details/morristowncookbo00vogt) (NJ)
---1900---[*My Pet
Recipes...*](http://www.canadiana.org/ECO/mtq?id=a836d8585d&doc=38328), St. Andrews Church, Quebec
---1900---Banbury tarts, *The Stonington
Cookbook*, CT
---1900---[*Food for the Sick and How to Prepare It*](http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4176580), Edwin French
---1901---[*Settlement
Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_52.cfm), Mrs. Simon Kander
---1901---[Eggs in a basket](foodeggs.html#eggsinabasket) & [Clams casino](foodlobster.html#clamscasino)
---1902---[USA Devil's food
cake](foodcakes.html#devilsfood) & [Australian Lamingtons](foodcakes.html#lamingtons)
---1902---[*Mrs. Rorer's
New Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_54.cfm), Sarah Tyson Rorer
---1903---[cranberry bread](foodcakes.html#cranberrybread)
---1903---[U.S. Senate Bean
Soup](http://www.senate.gov/reference/reference_item/bean_soup.htm) & [Club sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#club)
---1904---[*Dr. Price's Delicious
Desserts*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0013)
---1904---[*Cooking in
Old Creole Days*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_55.cfm), Celestine Eustis
---1904---[*Blue Grass
Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_57.cfm), Minnie Fox [Kentucky cookery]
---1904---[*Good Housekeeping Hostess*](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=loc.ark:/13960/t84j1516j;view=1up;seq=9)
---1905--- [*Los Angeles
Times Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_58.cfm)
---1905---[Lady Baltimore](foodcakes.html#ladybaltimore) & [Checkerboard](foodcakes.html#checkerboard) cakes
---1905---[submarine sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#submarine),
[Tomato gravy](foodsauces.html#tomatogravy) &
[Tamale pie](foodmexican.html#tamalepie)
---1905---[*Finnish-American Cookbook*](http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5069174?n=5&imagesize=1200&jp2Res=.25), Kaleva Michigan (with English translation)
---1906---[brownies](foodfaq.html#brownies) & [banana cream pie](foodpies.html#bananacream)
---1906---[onion rings](foodfaq2.html#onionrings), [Harvard beets](foodfaq1.html#harvardbeets) &
[Muffoletta sandwiches](http://www.muffoletta.com/history/)
---1906---[*Refugee's Cook Book*](http://ark.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/hb7q2nb55j/),
(San Francisco earthquake)
---1906---[One Hundred and One
Mexican Dishes](http://www.archive.org/details/onehundredonemex00soutiala), May E. Southworth
---1907---[*Le Guide Culinaire*](http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000610117)/Escoffer (English)
---1907---[*Gastronomy Practique*](https://archive.org/details/gastronomieprat00aligoog), Ali-Bab (French)
---1907--- [Divinity fudge](foodcandy.html#divinity),
[sauerkraut candy](foodcandy.html#sauerkraut) & [aioli](foodsauces.html#aioli)
---1908---[Steak Diane](foodmeats.html#steakdiane) & [Lobster fra diavolo](foodlobster.html#diavolo)
---1908---[buttercream frosting](foodcakes.html#buttercream)
---1909---[Tetrazzini](foodmeats.html#tetrazzini) & [Kaiser pudding](foodpuddings.html#kaiser)
---1909---[*Good
Housekeeping Woman's Home Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_59.cfm), Isabel Gordon Curtis
---1909---[*Washington
Woman's Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_60.cfm) (Seattle)
---1909---[*Reform Cookery Book*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/11067/11067.txt),
Mrs. Mill
---1909---[shrimp
cocktail](foodlobster.html#cocktail)
---1910s--[Popular U.S.
foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1910s)
---1910--[*Jell-O: America's
most famous dessert*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0029)
---1910---[*Home Helps: A
Pure
Food Cook Book*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0025)
---1910---Charles Fellows' [*Menu Maker*](http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4304458) & Horace Kephart's [*Camp Cookery*](http://books.google.com/books/about/Camp_cookery.html?id=rOApAAAAYAAJ)
---1910---[*Practical West African Cookery*](http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=njp.32101057689570#view=1up;seq=7)/Leith-Ross & Ruxton
---1911---[Apple sauce cake](foodcakes.html#applesaucecake)
---1911---[*Good Things
to Eat*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_62.cfm), Rufus Estes
---1911---[*Laurel Health Cookery*](http://archive.org/details/laurelhealthcook00perk), Elvora Bucknum Perkins (vegetarian)
---1911---[*Catering for Special
Occasions*](http://www.archive.org/details/cateringforspeci00farm), Fannie Merritt Farmer
---1911---[*Kitchen Encyclopedia*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0023), Swift & Company
---1912---[Chicken a
la King](foodmeats.html#chickenalaking) & [Chop Suey cake](foodcakes.html#chopsuey)
---1912---[Thousand Island dressing](foodsalads.html#thousandisland) &
[tomato pie](foodpies.html#tomatopie)
---1912---[*Mary
Frances Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_64.cfm), Jane Eayre Fryer
---1912---[*Standard Paper-bag
Cookery*](http://www.archive.org/details/standardpaperbag00telfrich), Emma Paddock Telford
---1912---[*War Time
Cooking*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0075), Lydia E. Pinkham
---1912---[*Dromedary Cook Book*](http://www.archive.org/stream/dromedarycookboo00newyiala/dromedarycookboo00newyiala_djvu.txt target=)
---1912---[*Golden Rule Cook Book*](http://www.archive.org/details/goldenrulecookbo00shar),Sharpe (vegetarian)
---1913---[*Chinese Cook Book*](http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/4971867), Chong Jan Co.
& [Japanese Fruitcake](foodcakes.html#japansesfruitcake)
---1913---[*Choice Recipes:
Chocolate and Cocoa*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0022), Walter Baker & Co.
---1913---[*Dishes and
Beverages of the Old South*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_66.cfm), Martha Williams
---1913---[Coq au
vin](foodmeats.html#coqauvin) & [clover leaf rolls](foodbreads.html#cloverleaf)
---1913---[Italian cream cake](foodcakes.html#italiancreamcake) & [clafoutis](foodpuddings.html#clafoutis)
---1914---[*Chinese-Japanese Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_67.cfm), Sara Bosse
---1914---[Chicken fried steak](foodmeats.html#countryfriedsteak)
---1914---[*Neighborhood
Cook Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_68.cfm), Council of Jewish Women
---1914---ANZAC biscuits [I](https://anzacday.org.au/the-spirit-of-anzac) & [II](https://www.awm.gov.au/anzacathome/cookingk)
---1914---[Fettuccine Alfredo](foodfaq2.html#alfredo)
---1915---[hush puppies](foodfaq1.html#hushpuppies)
& [peanut butter cookies](foodcookies.html#peanutbutter)
---1915---[*Dainty Desserts for
Dainty People*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0028), Knox Gelatin Co.
---1915---[*Healthy Life Cook Book*](http://www.gutenberg.org/files/10632/10632-8.txt),
Florence Daniel
---1915---[*Pan-Pacific
Cookbook*](http://www.sanfranciscomemories.com/ppie/cookbook.html), Exposition fare
---1916---[Apple crisp](foodpies.html#crisp) &
[Sunkist Oranges-Lemons](http://www.archive.org/details/sunkistrecipesor00bradiala)
---1916---[Field bread](http://www.seabeecook.com/cookery/recipes/field_bread_straight.htm),
*Manual for Army Bakers*
---1916---[*Allied Cookery*](https://search.library.wisc.edu/digital/A4L2L6V7LIQRHH8P), Grace Clergue Harrison
---1917---[Icebox Cake](foodcakes.html#icebox) & [Black cow](foodicecream.html#blackccow)
---1917---[Vichyssoise](foodsoups.html#vichyssoise) & [American cocktail parties](fooddecades.html#10scocktails)
---1917---[*55 Ways to Save
Eggs*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0072) & [*Best War Time
Recipes*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0068)
---1917---[*Buffalo Bird Woman's Garden*](http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/buffalo/garden/garden.html)
---1918---World War I recipes from the [*Doughboy Cookbook*](http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/food.htm)
---1918---Fannie Farmer's [*Boston Cooking School Cook Book*](http://Bartleby.com/87/)
---1919---[*Sturtevant's Notes on Edible Plants*](https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft)/E. Lewis
Sturtevant [1919]
---1919---[*International
Jewish Cook
Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_72.cfm), Florence Kreisler Greenbaum
---1919---[*The Hotel
St. Francis Cookbook*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_73.cfm), Victor Hirtzler
---1919---[*Italian Cook
Book*](http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/cookbooks/html/books/book_71.cfm), Maria Gentile
---1919---[chocolate
truffles](foodcandy.html#truffles)
---1920s--[Popular U.S.
foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1920s)
---1920s--[egg
creams](foodicecream.html#eggcream) & [French 75 cocktail](foodbeverages.html#french75)
---1920---[*Fleischmann's
recipes*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0048)
---1920---[*School and Home
Cooking*](http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext04/scckg10.txt), Carlotta C. Greer
---1921---
[Chiffon pie](foodpies.html#chiffon), [Mary Ann cakes](brandquiz.html#maryann) & [Candle salad](foodsalads.html#candlesticksalad)
---1921---[*Story of Crisco*](http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924085641656) (with recipes)---1922---[*Aunt Caroline's Dixieland Recipes*](http://www.archive.org/stream/auntcarolinesdix00mckirich/auntcarolinesdix00mckirich_djvu.txt), Emma & William McKinney
---1922---[Jell-O recipes](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0051)
---1923---[*Food for the Diabetic*](http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=4391392), Mary Huddleson
---1923---[*Svensk-Amerikansk Kokbok*](http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5068837) (Wisconsin)
---1924---[pineapple upside-down
cake](foodcakes.html#pineapple) & [Caesar salad](foodsalads.html#caesar)
---1924---
[chocolate covered potato chips](foodbreads.html#chocolatepotatochips)
---1925---George Washington Carver's [peanut
recipes](http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/fruit-nut/carver-peanut/)
---1925---[Lemon sponge cake](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/vc006349.jpg)
from [*800 Proved
Pecan Recipes*](http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/treasures/images/vc006347.jpg)
---1927---[*Electric Refrigerator Recipes*](https://repository.duke.edu/dc/eaa/CK0038), General Electric
---1927---[*Here's How*](1927cocktails.html) (Prohibition cocktails)
---1927---[s'mores](foodcookies.html#smores) &
[mayonnaise cake](foodcakes.html#mayonnaisecake)
---1928---[Horseshoe sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#horseshoe) &
[Black bottom pie](foodpies.html#blackbottom) & [cold shape](foodpuddings.html)
---1930s--[Popular U.S. foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1930s)
---1930s--[Lady Baltimore](foodcakes.html#ladybaltimore) &
[Pavlova](foodcakes.html#pavlova)
cakes
---1930s--[Philly cheese steak](https://www.foodtimeline.org/foodsandwiches.html#philly) & [Pigs in blankets](foodmeats.html#pigblankets) & [Margaritas](foodbeverages.html#margarita)
---1930s--[banana
bread](foodcakes.html#banana) & [Tomato Soup cake](foodcakes.html#mystery)
---1930s--[Cajun
fried turkey](foodmeats.html#cajunfriedturkey) & [Purple Cows](http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/purple_cow_grape_soda_float/)
---1931---[souffle](http://www.lib.ksu.edu/depts/spec/rarebooks/cookery/rombauer1931.html),
*Joy of Cooking*
---1931---
[refrigerator pie](foodpies.html#refrigeratorpie) & [city chicken](foodmeats.html#citychicken)
---1933---[Lindy's cheese cake](foodcakes.html#lindys)
---1935---[breadless sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#breadless)
---1936---
[Chef's
salad](foodsalads.html#chefsalad), [Chinese Chicken salad](foodsalads.html#chinesechicken) &
[no-bake cookies](foodcookies.html#nobakes)
---1936---[*Burke's Complete Cocktails & Drinking Recipes*---1937---[Reubens](foodsandwiches.html#reuben) & [Chicken Kiev](foodmeats.html#chickenkiev)
---1937---[*Specialita Culinarie
Italiane*](http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/5058905), Boston MA
---1937---[Green goddess dressing](foodsalads.html#greengoddess) &
[Cobb salad](foodsalads.html#cobb)
---1939---[*New York World's Fair
Cook Book*](http://hdl.handle.net/2027/coo.31924087252130)/Crosby Gaige
---1939---Colonel Sanders' [secret recipe](http://www.kfc.com/about/secret.asp) & George Jessel's
[Bloody Mary](foodbeverages.html#bloodymary)
---1940s--[Popular U.S. foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1940s)
---1940---[Ruth Wakefield's Toll House Chocolate Chip
Cookies](foodcookies.html#cccookies) &
[Johnny Marzetti casserole](foodfaq.html#marzetti)
---1940---Recipes,
Britain's Ministry of Food
---1941---[Lord
Woolton
Pie & sugarless sponge cake](http://www.lgfl.net/lgfl/accounts/holnet/upload/learningzone/londonatwar/dailylife/p_spam.html)
---1941---[Rice
Krispies treats](foodfaq2.html#ricekrispiestreats) & [Monte Cristo
sandwiches](foodsandwiches.html#montecristo) & [carpetbag
steak](foodmeats.html#carpetbagsteak)
---1942---MFK Fisher's [Tomato](https://web.archive.org/web/20150214230236/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kupstas/FAQ_recipes.html#TomatoCake) & [War](https://web.archive.org/web/20150214230236/http://www.cs.unc.edu/~kupstas/FAQ_recipes.html#WarCake)
cakes
---1943---[99 ways to share the
Meat](https://archives.alabama.gov/teacher/ww2/lesson6/doc04p1.html), USDA
---1943---[nachos](foodmexican.html#nachos)
---1944---[tortilla soup](foodsoups.html#tortillasoup)
---1945---[monkey bread](foodbreads.html#monkeybread),
[city chicken](foodmeats.html#citychicken) & [rum balls](foodcandy.html#rumballs)
---1946---[chicken burgers](foodmeats.html#chickenburgers),
[tuna melts](foodsandwiches.html#tunamelt) &
[potato chip cookies](foodcookies.html#potatochip)
---1946---[Stork Club (NYC)](storkclub.html) &
[Trader Vic](tradervic.html) cocktails
---1947---[chiffon
cake](foodcakes.html#chiffon)
---1948---[Chicken Vesuvio](foodmeats.html#chickenvesuvio) &
[Finger steaks](foodmeats.html#fingersteaks)
---1948---Mr. Truman's recipes [I](https://web.archive.org/web/20140629021324/http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/hstr/image/parkimg/recipes/recipepage.html), [II](http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/dailyfastfacts/ff91898.htm), &
[III](http://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/50yr_archive/recipies.htm)
---1949---[Wacky
cake](foodcakes.html#wackycake)
---1949---[Pillsbury Bake Off](foodcakes.html#pillsburybakeoff)
---1950s--[Popular U.S. foods &
menus](fooddecades.html#1950s)
---1950s-- [Chicken Parm](foodmeats.html#parm) &
[Chicken Francese](foodmeats.html#chickenfrancese)
---1950s-- [Mexican wedding cakes](foodcookies.html#mexicanweddingcakes) & [Nesselrode pie](http://www.thefoodmaven.com/radiorecipes/nesselrode.html)
---1950s--modern American [honey mustard](foodsauces.html)
---1951---[Bananas Foster](https://www.neworleansrestaurants.com/new-orleans-recipes/recipes_brennans.php)
---1952---[Chex mix](foodfaq.html#chexmix)
---1953---[coronation chicken](foodmeats.html#coronation)
---1954---[California
onion dip](foodsoups.html#californiadip) & [Nanaimo bars](foodcookies.html#nanaimo)
---1955---[green bean casserole](foodfaq.html#greenbean) &
[chicken Wellington](foodmeats.html#chickenwellington)
---1956---[German chocolate cake](foodcakes.html#germanchocolate) &
[Chocolate beet cake](foodcakes.html#beetcake)
---1956---[Panini](foodsandwiches.html#panini)
---1956---[Thumbprint cookies](foodcookies.html#thumbprint) & [Rolled rondant](foodcandy.html#rolledfondant)
---1957---
[Italian-American Spaghetti Carbonara](foodfaq2.html#carbonara) & [Quebec
Poutine](foodfaq1.html#poutine)
---1958---[Crab rangoon](foodlobster.html#crabrangoon) &
[lemon bars](foodcookies.html#lemonbars)
---1960s--[Popular foods &
menus](fooddecades.html#1960s)
---1960s--[Beef
Wellington](foodmeats.html#beefwellington), [Grasshopper pie](foodpies.html#grasshopper),
[Digger bread](http://www.diggers.org/diggers/digbread.html) & [Cocoa fudge](foodcandy.html#hersheyscocoafudge)
---1960---
Green Eggs & Ham &
[Red Velvet Cake](foodcakes.html#redvelvet)
---1961---[Billy bi](foodsoups.html#billybi)
---1962---[Cream cheese brownies](foodfaq.html#creamcheesebrownies)
---1963---[Black Forest cake](foodcakes.html#blackforest) &
[Texas sheet cake](foodcakes.html#texassheetcake)
---1963---
[Ladybird Johnson's recipes](http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/johnson/archives.hom/faqs/Recipes/recipes.asp)
---1964---[Ants on a log](foodfaq.html#antsonlog)
---1964---[Hot
Dutch Tuna Buns](http://nywf64.com/fesgas06.shtml) & [pita bread](http://nywf64.com/genfoo03.shtml), NYC
World's Fair
---1965---[crudites](foodsalads.html#crudites) & [Hello Dolly Bars](foodcookies.html#hellodolly)
---1966---[Tunnel of Fudge Cake](foodcakes.html#tunnel),
[chocolate fondue](foodfaq1.html#chocolatefondue) &
[King Ranch Chicken](foodmeats.html#kingranchchicken)
---1968---[Taco
salad](foodsalads.html#tacosalad),
[Astronaut fruitcake](spacefood.html#astronautfruitcake) & [Impossible pie](foodpies.html#impossible)
---1969---[Richard Nixon's favorite meatloaf](presidents.html#nixonmeatloaf)
---1969---[Flower Pot Bread](foodbreads.html#flowerpot)
& [Hummingbird
Cake](foodcakes.html#hummingbird)
---1970's--[Popular U.S. foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1970s)
---1970's--[California
rolls](foodasian.html#californiarolls), [Pasta primavera](foodfaq2.html#pastaprimavera) &
[Tiramisu](foodfaq1.html#tiramisu)
---1971---[fajitas](foodmexican.html#fajitas)
---1972---[General Tso's chicken](foodasian.html#generaltso)
---1973---[zucchini bread](foodfaq2.html#zucchinibread) &
[Harvey Wallbanger cake](brandquiz.html#harveywallbangercake)
---1975---[Black & blue steak](foodmeats.html#blackandblue) &
[Chicken Tikka Masala](foodmeats.html#chickentikkamasala)
---1976---[American Bicentennial menus](bicentennial.html)
---1978---[*Consumer Reports rates*](foodsoups.html#cuchickensoup) chicken soup
---1980's--[Popular U.S. foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1980s)
---1980s--[Mud pie & Dirt dessert](foodpies.html#mudpie)
---1980s--[Panzanella](foodsalads.html#panzanella) &
[mesclun](foodsalads.html#mesclun)
---1980s--
[pasta salad& [oriental noodle salad](foodsalads.html#orientalnoodle)
---1980---[Turducken](foodmeats.html#turducken)
---1981---[Watergate
salad & Watergate cake](foodsalads.html#watergatesalad)
---1983---[Penne alla
vodka](foodsauces.html#vodka) & [Harvard Beet Cake](foodfaq1.html#harvardbeetcake)
---1987---[banh mi](foodsandwiches.html#banhmi) & [tortilla pinwheels](foodsandwiches.html#tortillapinwheels)
---1990's--[Popular U.S. foods & menus](fooddecades.html#1990s)
---1990s---[stromboli](foodpies.html#stromboli),
[Jamaican jerk](foodmeats.html#jamaicanjerk) & [tall food](fooddecades.html#tallfood)
---1991---[chocolate molten lava cake](foodcakes.html#chocolatelava) &
[earthquake cake](foodcakes.html#earthquake)
---2000s---[popular U.S. foods & trends](fooddecades.html#2000s)
---2007---[Kool-Aid pickles](foodfaq2.html#koolaidpickles) &
[cake pops](foodcakes.html#cakepops)
---2009---[Twecipes](http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/twecipe_twitter_recipe/) & [Recessipes](http://www.barrypopik.com/index.php/new_york_city/entry/recessipe_recession_recipe/)](foodsalads.html#pasta)](1936burkecocktails.html) |
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Hungry for more? Check our [FAQs](foodfaqindex.html)
**Looking for something not yet on our menu? [Let us know](foodfaqa.html#super) !**
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Google](https://www.google.com/) |
WWW https://www.foodtimeline.org
|
---
**FOOD ALLERGY ALERT**
**RECREATING HISTORIC RECIPES CAN BE FUN AND EDUCATIONAL BUT FOR
PEOPLE WHO HAVE FOOD ALLERGIES THIS ACTIVITY CAN POSE A SERIOUS
HEALTH THREAT.** Always supply your child's teacher with a list of ingredients BEFORE
you send any food to class, especially peanuts. * [The Food Allergy Network](http://www.foodallergy.org)...FAQs, special alerts & resources
* [Food Safety](http://www.foodsafety.gov)...safe food preparation & proper storage procedures
* [Food Allergies](http://www.healthline.com/adamcontent/food-allergy)/ADAM
**WHEN IN DOUBT, THROW IT OUT**
---
**About this site**
Lynne Olver created the Food Timeline in 1999 (see the "about this site" below). In 2020, Virginia Tech University Libraries and the College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences (CLAHS) collaborated on a plan to offer Virginia Tech as a new home for the physical book collection and the web resource. We are beginning to plan for some future development on the site, but in the meantime, we have a few pieces of information to share about Food Timeline:
* Lynne Olver's book collection is joining the more than 5,000 volumes that [Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives](https://spec.lib.vt.edu/) (SCUA) has relating to [food and drink history](https://guides.lib.vt.edu/specialcollections/foodhistory). We now have more than 7,500 books and 125 manuscripts on aspects of cooking, food, drink, and agricultural history!
* We have a new email address for Food Timeline ([foodtimeline-g@vt.edu](mailto: foodtimeline-g@vt.edu)). If you'd like to learn more about this collection or our other materials, are interested in collaborating, or need some reference help, you can reach us there. (We are still checking the existing email, but we will be phasing it out going forward.)
* SCUA already does virtual and in-person reference as part of our mission and services, and we are happy to try and help you with questions now! We are currently open under mostly normal operations and at this time we are able to offer some reference support. We appreciate your patience as we ramp up this service (garlic pun intended?). If you are local and want to visit us, we are open Monday-Friday from 8a-5p ([appointments are encouraged, but not required)](https://calendar.lib.vt.edu/reserve/scua).
* The Olver book collection is currently being cataloged, so it is not immediately available for use. We'll share more information as that effort progresses. If you are local or want to visit Virginia Tech specifically to work with these materials, please contact us first so we can discuss the options. Otherwise, we are open by-appointment to work with our other food and drink history materials.
* SCUA is now managing [@foodtimeline on Twitter](https://twitter.com/foodtimeline), where we'll post updates about the collection, food history news, info from the Food Studies Program at Virginia Tech, and more!
The Food Timeline was created and maintained solely by [Lynne Olver](foodfaqa.html#bionote) (1958-2015, her [obituary](http://www.tuttlefh.com/content/view/1395/16/)), reference librarian with a passion for food history. About it she originally said "Information is checked against standard reference tools for accuracy. All sources are cited for research purposes. As with most historical topics, there are some conflicting stories in the field of food history. We
do our best to select and present the information with the most documented support. [Heritage Radio interviews Food Timeline editor](http://www.heritageradionetwork.org/episodes/4098-A-Taste-of-the-Past-Episode-134-Lynne-Olver-FoodTimeline-org#1) (2013).
Since we launched in March 1999, The Food Timeline's scope has grown from a single page with a sprinkling of links to 70 web pages offering a wealth of historic information, primary documents, and original research. As of March, 2014 we served 35 million [readers](patrons.html) and answered 25 thousand [questions](questions.txt). Compare today's site with the original [Food Timeline](http://web.archive.org/web/19991010105832/www.gti.net/mocolib1/kid/food.html), circa 1999. Our notes on [the art of culinary esearch](foodfaqa.html) with a side order of [popular requests](foodfaqindex.html). The Food Timeline was awarded [*Saveur 100*](http://www.pinterest.com/pin/364721269793256418/) (2004).
It is recognized by the American Library Association as a [Great Website for Kids](http://gws.ala.org/node/7740) and was reviewed in ALA's academic publication [*Choice*](choicereview.html), July 2009.
**The recipes featured on our site** are selected from a variety of sources including old cook books, newspapers, magazines,
National Historic Parks, government agencies, universities, cultural organizations, culinary historians, and company/restaurant web sites. We have not cooked them in our own kitchens and cannot vouch for their results in yours. If you have any questions regarding the ingredients, instructions or safety of these recipes please forward them directly to the webmaster of the site hosting that recipe. Recipes from primary documents are linked for historical purposes only. If you plan to cook one of these, they need to be **examined very carefully** for unsafe practices (such as the eating of raw eggs).
**About copyright**
Food Timeline provides full citations for all materials quoted on the site. Copyright belongs to those authors, publishers,
and heirs. The [U.S. Copyright Office](http://www.copyright.gov/) offers information regarding determining
owners and obtaining permission. Most countries, and the European Union, have separate copyright (of Intellectual Property)
organizations. Text not cited to outside sources is copyright Lynne Olver, editor, The Food Timeline. Entries created after November 2021 are copyright of Special Collections and University Archives/The Food Timeline.
---
**Food Timeline library owned 2300+ [books](books.txt), hundreds of 20th century USA food company brochures, & dozens of vintage magazines (*Good Housekeeping*, *American Cookery*, *Ladies Home Journal* &c.)**
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---
https://www.foodtimeline.org
© Lynne Olver
1999
Last updated: 4 February 2022
| https://foodtimeline.org/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<html><head>
<title>The Barney Fun Page!</title></head>
<body bgcolor="white">
<p align=center><strong>Welcome to the Barney Fun Page!</strong></p>
<p align=center>October 14, 2019 is the 25th anniversary of the Barney Fun Page!<br>Twenty-five years ago, this was high tech.</p>
<p align=center><a href="/games/barney/fun.cgi/shoot/34763.1.0"><img src="/games/barney/cache/image-34763.1.gif" alt="" width=181 height=228 ismap></a></p>
<p align=center>You are currently using a knife. Select another weapon, or fire!</p>
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<a href="/games/barney/fun.cgi/weapon/34763.1.0"><img src="/games/barney/weapons.gif" width=306 height=80 alt="" ismap></a></p>
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The Barney Fun Page!
**Welcome to the Barney Fun Page!**
October 14, 2019 is the 25th anniversary of the Barney Fun Page!
Twenty-five years ago, this was high tech.
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<H1>Sunglasses At Night</H1>
(Deus Ex gets turned inside-out by DOUG the Eagle)<P>
<img src="deus/logo.gif"><P>
<I>They augmented his body. But not his mind.</I><P>
</center><P>
Thanks to Saracoth/Silent, for suggesting some neat improvements and contributing the 'Saint Paul - Wrath of God' section.<P>
<H2>Subsections</H2>
<A HREF="deus2.htm"> The Camera Eye</A> - Screenshots to make your mind water<P><P>
<A HREF="deus3.htm"> Things Never Seen</A> - Deus Ex gone horribly, horribly wrong<P><P>
<A HREF="deus4.htm"> The Fourth Coming</A> - Yet more weird and wonderful stuff<P><P>
<A HREF="dxhr.htm"> Human Revolution No.9</A> - How I learned to stop whinging and love being a cyborg<P><P>
<HR><P>
<H2>Prologue</H2>
<center>
<table>
<tr><td>
<PRE>
A modern day warrior, Mean mean stride
Today's Tom Sawyer, Mean mean pride.
. . . .
No, his mind is not for rent
To any God or government
Always hopeful yet discontent
He knows changes aren't permanant
(But change is)
</PRE>
<td>
<img src="deus/jcd.gif" TITLE="JC 'The Reverend' Denton, defender of the pigeons">
</table>
</center>
It is the early 2050s and everything sucks. Plague, famine and mega-corporations are rife.<BR>
The solution is the Augmented soldier, human tissue boosted with nanonic devices
into a superhuman being.<P>
That's the theory, and if you believe that, you probably also believe that
Windows cannot crash, the Government always knows best and the Moon landings are fake.<P>
What Page Industries and VersaLife haven't realised is that Augmentation
has serious psychological side-effects. None of the Augmented in the game
can be considered truly normal.<BR>
In the case of Paul Denton, the result is cowardice, paranoia and confusion about which side he's on.
Page and Simons have an irresitable urge to take over the world, in true
'Pinky and the Brain' style. Anna and Hermann have a fetishistic dress sense and no morals.<BR>
For JC, the effect is nothing short of a full-blown psychosis, as we shall soon see!<P>
<H2>Liberty, Death and the Tower of Babel</H2>
Hokay. First thing, choose <B>Medium</B> difficulty because it's necessary
for some of the effects in the walkthrough to work as presented.<P>
Now set up your character. I called mine 'Groo' after the idiot warrior
invented by Serge Aragones and Mark Evanier. Note that a single word is best..
if you call him something like 'The Reverend', the game will call him 'The'
more than half the time.<P>
You can really cock up the skill points at this stage by teaching him
useless junk such as swimming. Medicine is only partly useful.
For the purposes of the walkthrough, un-learn Pistols and get yourself
trained in sniper rifles and computers. Sniping is very useful and rewarding,
and computer skills will allow you to perform new tasks, such as stealing money from ATMs.<P>
Choose just these two, because you get to keep the leftover skill points and
we will need those after the first mission.<P>
Start up and talk to Paul. He will offer you three choices of weapon -
a tranquiliser, a sniper rifle and a GEP launcher.<BR>
Paul, being a very pacifistic killing machine, prefers the tranquiliser.<BR>
If you ask for the sniper rifle he becomes irritable and says that you can't just go round killing people.<P>
The first two weapons we can easily get off the dead terrorists, so ask
for the rocket launcher. Interestingly, Paul approves of this.. the idea
that we are going to use it on <I>people</I> has obviously not entered into his darkest dream.<P>
As soon as you try to leave the dock, the mission creep starts. Now it's <I>kill everything</I>.<BR>
Go up the steps and dance around in front of the first two terrorists.
They will get quite angry, so lead them down towards the robot, which will obediently slay them for you.<BR>
Frisk the terrorists and the dead trooper.<P>
There are a number of ways to handle this mission. For entertainment value,
you can build a Tower of Babel out of crates, to get onto the perimeter wall.
If you then take a crate of TNT (referred to as 'Boom' throughout) and creep around
the wall, you can throw it on the unsuspecting Charlies below. Hours of fun, or your money back!<P>
However. First thing, we need a supply of medical attention. To your left
by the dock entrance is a large, flat crate thing with a supply box on top.
If you examine the crate carefully, you will find a door. Take one of the
crates of Boom and throw it <I>carefully</I> at the door, thus opening it
in the most violent way possible. (Try to avoid killing the pigeons, otherwise
you will have to self-terminate in accordance with directive 90098.)<BR>
Get yourself repaired and move on.<P>
Take the clockwise circuit around the statue, and break some terrorist heads
using the crowbar, or point-blank with the pistol. Heal yourself up with
the robot after each assault, and keep searching for goodies.<BR>
Around the entrance to the statue complex, you should find a guy with a
sniper rifle. When you have this, return to the medical robot.<P>
Now find the other crate of Boom and head around anti-clockwise, clutching
the Boom and crouching down. This will slow you up a bit, but it will
prevent them seeing you (the sight of a TNT crate moving around does not
provoke suspicion) until the last minute, when you throw the crate at
them and move back FAST!<P>
Assuming <I>you're</I> not dead, go back to the robot and get your legs glued on
again. There should be two more terrorists hanging around. Shoot them once
or run up to them, and lead them towards a friend of yours in the North-East.<P>
When they're dead, go towards the second dock. Don't bother with Filben,
we're after the good stuff. Shoot the crate of Boom on the left, killing
the NSF trooper, and then the barrel of Boom on the right, splashing the
Thug. Search the crates and you should find some rifle shots and GEP rockets.<P>
If you're in poor health, go back to the medical robot. Otherwise, go
down into the bunker and fix the power unit. Kill the terrorist and
pick up all the weapon mods. Boost the capacity of the rifle, and fix
the laser sight to the crossbow (you should have one by now) for a pleasing
combination of high and low technology.<P>
<H3>Dogfood at the Core</H3>
Ensure you are in tip-top condition before proceeding. The next step is
to use the ready-made Tower of Babel to get up to the statue complex.<BR>
Beat up all the terrorists on the first few decks with the crowbar and take
a crate of Boom up to the core. You may need to go down and get healed
again before trying this, but find the two terrorists who're discussing
the shipping and throw the Boom at them, to turn them into dogfood.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/meaty.jpg"><P>
<I>Just look at all that meaty goodness!</I><P>
</center>
Now go into the core and climb up, slaying anyone in your path by the
most expedient means. Forget about that prick Gunther.<P>
Climb up to where the chief terrorist is waiting, and grab the whisky.
Drink it so your vision blurs and then talk to him. Use the peaceable option and grab the Augmentation.<P>
Now search the statue complex. You should be able to find at least two LAMs,
a bunch of ammo, lockpicks, multitools etc.<P>
Now go to the Torch chamber, where there should be a box of Boom lying around.
Open the door and then grab the box of TNT.<BR>
If you do this in reverse order, JC will drop the box and the last thing
you hear is one of the UN troops saying 'What the Hell happened?'<P>
Take the Box of Delights to Paul who is waiting for you by the UNATCO base.
As soon as he speaks you will throw it at him. Oh no.. your legs have come off
again. Interestingly, you can still stand up when talking to people.<BR>
Another thing to note is that no-one bats an eyelid at your obviously critical
injuries (and Alex even keeps badgering you if you take too long to crawl in to work).<P>
I later found that if you lose both your legs, you're supposed to
self-terminate in accordance with directive 90099.. oops, we've broken the rules already.<P>
<H3>Home, sweet home</H3>
Crawl to Level Two on your knees. Talk to Manderley and and then go to the
medical to get your feet reattached. Use the Augmentation Module and select
Microfibral Muscle for greater lifting power.<P>
Now root around the place, stealing any gadgets that looks useful. Take
Dr. Reyes' key, and examine Alex's room in minute detail. The floor has
a secret cavity with some hot shit in it. I believe there is an accuracy modification; use this on the Rifle.<P>
Now get your second mission up and running. As you leave, steal the sergeant's
chocolate bar ("You're kidding around, right?") which will come in handy later.
Find a plant pot and carry it with you to the dock. Climb aboard the boat.<P>
If you have a spare crate of Boom, you can throw it at Corporal Collins,
which will turn him into scraps for the seagull. Mysteriously he appears to
come back to life when you return to base after the NYC mission.<P>
<HR>
<H2>De-stroy, kill ALL <S>Hippies</S> Terrorists</H2>
Upgrade yourself to support Advanced riflery and follow Navarre to Castle Clinton.<BR>
Discretion is the better part of valour, so when you go in, crouch down and
creep around the perimeter in a clockwise fashion, until Navarre and the
troopers have killed everyone for you.<P>
Give the stolen chocolate bar to the kid and enter the code 666 into the keypad.<P>
You should see a terrorist through the door. Jump around to get him excited
and pan his head in with the crowbar when he comes close. Wait for the
alarm to expire.<P>
Now, avoiding the sullen gaze of the cameras, go downstairs and look for the
barrel of Ambrosia creamed rice pudding, which is the only known antidote to
the plague. Finding the Ambrosia is cool, but there's something even
better nearby. Switch on your Augmentation and pick up one of the grey
barrels full of hot death.<BR>
Now let us use a little bug. Face the wall so you can't drop the barrel and
switch off your Augmentation. You're still holding the barrel of doom, but
you won't be using any power to do so! (System Shock 1 F1.5S had similar
'problems')<P>
Take the barrel upstairs, and place it by the locked door, like so.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/barrel.jpg"><P>
<I>Take care when placing this one!</I><P>
</center>
Very carefully, shoot the barrel and immediately dive left to avoid amputation.
Steal the rockets and subvert the computer systems. Take the augmentation canister (bullet-proofing) and apply it at the next opportune moment.<P>
Now, take your crowbar and engage in a killing spree. Smash all the terrorists
in the head and leave through the back door. Go through the main square
and get some drugs off the eagle.<P>
You will probably find a bum who sings. When this gets on your nerves,
you can make him shut up and go away by showing him your sniper rifle.
Just wield it.. the mere threat of impending doom will make him scream and run away.<P>
Attack the subway by means of the vents, using the hatch nearby the entrance.
When everyone's dead (except the hostages.. we don't want the lovely 'Jesus, JC!' message)
pick up a couple of Forties (don't drink them) and one of the spare crates of Boom. Take this with you on the train.<P>
Before you go, it is definitely worth stashing the crates of Boom into the
ventilation shafts.. if they are left alone, the UNATCO roadies will take
them away. If you hide them, they won't be able to find them.<BR>
Two crates of Boom are keyed to the lasergrid. If both these are destroyed,
the lasergrid should then be safe.
<PRE>
The station is probably the best place in the mission to end it all if you
feel so inclined.
One particularly ornate suicide involved J.C. 'The Reverend' Denton,
crawling back from Hell's Kitchen with a LAW that he claimed to have
found in the sewers, and no legs.
The LAW was apparently used to perform a preliminary cleansing of the
station, thereby removing all the terrorist bodies, bar one that was
outside the blast range. When this failed to cleanse Denton also, he
appears to have stacked a pile of about four TNT crates and the sole
remaining terrorist corpse next to the laser grid.. no mean feat
considering his 2-foot stature at this point.
Surviving UNATCO troops stationed above ground claim to have heard
Denton singing the first verse of 'Jerusalem' immediately before the
explosion, which also killed the two troopers who ran downstairs to
investigate.
</PRE>
<H2>Black Helicopters R Us</H2>
Talk to Paul (putting the Boom down first) and hack the ATMs. Then go to the 'Ton hotel
and kill the NSF hostage-takers. Go into Paul's room and strip it of all goodies.<P>
Now, go around scrounging goodies and stuff wherever you can find them.
You might want to visit Smuggler but you'll have to go through the back way
if you do. Smuggler will send you on a sacred quest to the sewers if
you talk to him, but this is purely optional.<P>
In the Underworld, find the one they call 'Pilot'. It will require some alcohol,
which must be cold.<P>
We're on a tight budget, so don't purchase any from the bar. Instead, loot
the pub and get two fire extinguishers.<P>
<PRE>
In shame, I do hereby recant this manoeuver. I read about it on some other website, tried to make it work,
but didn't have time to check it fully before 'going to press'.
They say all legends have a grain of truth, though - if you can make it work, let me know how ;-)
</PRE>
Extinguish the Forties and give them to Pilot. The drink must be extinguished
in a private room (e.g. the toilets) because Pilot will try to kill you
if it sees what you're doing.<P>
<PRE>
Long before Ike or Dade have even been introduced, Jock and SH-187
have already merged to become Black Helicopter, and will never be seen
separately again. Like Daedalus, the face of Jock in your communicator
is simple video trickery.
If you don't believe me, look up John Gault in the voice credits.
</PRE>
When you're ready to take on the NSF, go back to the subway and take
the crate of Boom into the Oswald building. Use it to destroy the door
and take the augmentation upgrade. Save it for later, it will be most useful
when you get the Legs upgrade.
(Speaking of which, there's one in the NSF offices below the generator).<P>
Now approach the generator by whatever means you see fit. There are lots
of alternative ways to get to it, and to destroy it. My personal favorite
is to hack into its systems and shut down the cooling units.<P>
When this is done, go to the roof, where you should meet 'Black Helicopter'.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/pet.gif" WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=90 TITLE="Assembled with Autodesk Animator"><P>
<I>Don't be afraid.. I've always wanted a pet like you.</I><P>
</center>
Back at UNATCO, get patched up and talk to Manderley. He'll tell you that Paul's been
made redundant and you have to take his place.<P>
Scrounge the place for goodies again, not forgetting the secret cavity under Alex's floor.<BR>
Talk to Carter to get some weapons. Apply the accuracy mod to the Sniper Rifle and then go out to meet Black Helicopter.<P>
Back at the park, get some more drugs from the eagle and head towards the subway.<BR>
If you did the Smuggler bit, talk to the people outside the station and you should
get the code. Otherwise you'll have to pay Filben for it.<P>
Find the mad bum who keeps burbling about God and Jesus and buy the rounds
from him if you can afford it.<P>
Go down the phone booth and talk to Charlie, one of the two people in
a tan jacket. He tells you to fix the water, but you need to clear the
passageway first. Since you have a GEP launcher, this is easy.<P>
Now go into the gents and find the mad junkie with the bomb and exchange it for some drugs.<P>
Now go up to the Rooks floor and scrounge any goodies you can find. There should be several
multitools at least.<P>
Now go into the ladies and open the secret door with the code that Charlie gives you when you
fix the water.<P>
You are now in NSF territory, so be prepared to break a lot of heads. Once
the place is bare of immediate foes, talk to the people. Then go and see
the NSF accountant in the south and take his key.<P>
<H2>See you in the sewer</H2>
Go to the bog, which is locked. Unlock it and go through.<P>
Take the left passage. For dealing with the lasergrids, I suggest the
tried-and-tested technique of throwing a small metal crate or binbag into
the lowest beam, and then waiting for the alarm to cease.<BR>
Then you can crawl through the gap created by the obstruction.<P>
<CENTER><IMG SRC="deus/rats.jpg" TITLE="How did I get down here? Well, it's a long story.."><P>
<I>I tell you what I'm gonna do,<BR>
Gonna make love to a water rat or two<BR>
And breed a family</I><P>
</CENTER>
Bring another crate along and climb up the pipe. Throw the crate over the
wall because we are going to need it. Sneak past the NSF guy and stun him,
or kill him if he sees you first. Take the key and unlock the door.<P>
Take all the small metal crates you have (there should be four) into this
room. There's a full-height lasergrid blocking your exit. Using your Arms,
pick up a medium-sized crate and put it in front of the beams. Hide, to
avoid perforation.<P>
The repeat the process with the other medium crate. To get it on top of the
first one, and cover up the beams, you will need to stand on one of the
small crates before picking up the large one, to gain enough height.<P>
Now, reach behind the crates and push the button to raise the gangplank.<P>
This is where it gets fiddly. The objective is to take the very valuable
crate of Boom across the water so we can use it. There are two suspended
walkways which collapse when you stand on them, and if you fall in the
water you will not be able to escape (unless you gave him Super-Swimming
powers).<P>
Take the crate of Boom first, and walk to the very edge of the gangplank.
Crouch down, and throw it just far enough that it lands on the second platform.
If you don't crouch, or you try and throw it too far it will kill you. You may need to
do this several times, and it is probably best to quicksave after it has been placed.<P>
Now, take the four small crates and throw them onto the platform as well.
Try and make them stack, so you have two piles of two crates, plus the Boom, like so:<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/crossing1.jpg"><P>
</center>
Jump onto one of the crates, and try not to cross the centre-line so the
platform doesn't collapse. If possible, move the Boom further forward (East).
Now move around the crates so that you cross the centre-line and the platform
collapses. All the crates will remain in the air.<P>
Jump down onto the frame of the platform. Reach out, and transfer the crates
(and the Boom) to the second platform. Save.<P>
The trouble with the second platform is that it swivels instead of swinging
downwards, and the crates will move around oddly. What you will need to
do is try to get onto the second platform without collapsing it, and
then move the Boom so it is next to the furthest left (Northeast) strut, which
is the one that platform is going to swivel around.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/crossing2.jpg"><P>
<I>You can change the laws of physics</I><P>
</center>
You will have to run this several times to get it to work. If you are very
lucky (or highly skilled at throwing Boom around) you may just be able to throw
the Boom on to the last platform (which doesn't collapse) from the second
platform before it collapses, but you'll have a real job.<P>
Once you have the Boom safely over the river, save, and leave it where it is
for the moment. Go through the door, and defuse or destroy the EMP grenade. Open the door, and
then go back to get the Boom.<P>
Take the Boom past the two robots (the holes in the wall are probably your best bet) and
leave it in the machine room until we need it later on.<P>
<H2>A bad day at the helipad</H2>
Take the east wing first. Kill everyone you meet and keep the alarm running
to bring them on. When no-one else is coming to assail you, shoot the windows
leading to the helipad and keep the alarm going. When you're satisfied that
no-one else is coming yet, go upstairs in the east wing.<P>
Stand in front of the camera and smile. Shoot a few rounds of pool, get something to eat and take a long drink from the water cooler.<P>
Take a plant and throw it onto the pool table to see something unusual. Trying this with a crate
of Boom has to be one of the most disturbing things you'll ever see.<P>
Now take the west wing. First root through the offices. Keys are for poofs,
so open the locked door upstairs by shooting at it. When the guy comes
out to see what's going down, kill or stun him, thereby leaving the door open.<P>
Open the bookshelf up and get the augmentation upgrade. Save it for later,
along with the other one. Apply the range mod to your rifle.<P>
Now it's time to use the Boom. Go back and get it. Place the crate of
Boom by the cupboard on the top floor of the west wing. (It provides access
to the roof). Creep round the side and aim at the crate with your pistol.
Let the TNT speak!<P>
But do try to avoid losing a leg.<P>
Go into the control room again and get the LAW, and shut down the security systems while you're at it.
You will have to drop the GEP launcher temporarily to carry the LAW.<P>
Avoiding the guy on the roof, fire towards the north to wake up the guy on
the catwalk. When he comes close, fire the LAW at the ceiling (NOT the
catwalk!) and you'll be rewarded by a rain of little red wet bits.<BR>
Deal with the other guy by shooting him once and then climbing up the
ladder to the catwalk. Wait until he gets bored, and then shoot him up
until he panics and runs. Then, when he runs up the skylight, shoot the
glass so he falls and makes a mess all over the barrel of Ambrosia.<P>
Now go back to the control room at retrieve your GEP launcher.
Finally, enter the helipad itself. Ignore Green Helicopter.<P>
If you want to scrounge, do so now (but there may still be some NSF lurking in the shadows).<P>
Exit to the airfield.<P>
The airfield is pretty straightforward. First, locate all the crappy little robots
and destroy them by shooting the barrels of Boom helpfully located next to their
patrol routes as they go past. One or two of these may need the Boom to be shifted
slightly.<P>
Once it's clear, go into the boathouse and slay anything that moves.<BR>
Find the ambrosia, and then head to to the East gate. To open the gate,
gently hit the NSF guy next to it with the crowbar. He will then try to run
through the gate, opening it for you. Kill or stun him and proceed.<P>
Alternatively, if you hit him too hard, get some crates of the right size
and place them by the gate.. you can squeeze through from the correct height.<P>
In the barracks, place a LAM next to the alarm and get the people excited.
Slay the survivors and go upstairs. Break open the door upstairs and loot
it. A fuel drum would be handy for this, but it may present difficulties.<BR>
If you can, use a GEP round (they are small, tight-focussed explosions, idea for this) as
there are some more rockets in a truck inside the hangar.<P>
<H2>The LAM lies down on broadway</H2>
Now open the walkway to the hangar and go through. Talk to the airliner and board Paul. Or is it the other way round?<P>
Inside, find the nanokey and go to the locked door where Lebedev is waiting.
In principle there are two ways we can play this, depending on whether you
want to be a Good Little Robot(tm), but if we combine the best parts of
both, we can have our cake and eat it, too.<P>
Go through the doors and creep towards Lebedev. Do not talk to him yet:
we are first going to unhinge the game.<P>
For this to work, you must have started the game in MEDIUM difficulty, as I
suggested at the start. You must also be TRAINED in demolition, or the
delicate balance of forces necessary for the effect to work will be disrupted.<P>
If you are untrained (and following the walkthrough so far, you should be)
get yourself trained in demolition right now.<P>
Stand against the southern facing south: Lebedev should be directly to
your right, and a window should be to your left. Near the floor of the
southern wall there should be a vent. Attach a proximity device to the
wall above the vent. Do not crouch to do this.. the device must be
attached at your normal height.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/747-mine.jpg"><P>
<I>Place the device exactly as shown..</I><P>
</center>
If you have any doubts about using explosives aboard 747, dispel them.
This airliner is the late 2040s revision made by General Products and is
totally indestructable (even the tyres).<BR>
The self-healing subsystems in the fabric of the airframe will automatically
tidy up everything, even the burn-marks and juice when Anna gets blown to
kibble.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/747_deus.gif" WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=120 TITLE="Done with Truespace and Animator"><BR>
<I>"How can you hope to challenge a perfect, immortal machine?"</I><P>
</center>
<P>
Now, squeeze yourself into the NorthWest corner and click on Lebedev.
After the first conversation, look at the L.A.M. on the wall.<P>
Anna will appear, the mine will go off and she should howl and vanish.
There should not be any little bits of meat on the floor, but something
<B><I>unearthly</I></B> will happen instead.<P>
Talk to Lebedev again and Anna's ghost should complain. Go through the
entire conversation with Lebedev and then go into the north washroom
where the ghost of Anna should be.<P>
Shoot the ghost a couple of times and it will explode violently, much to
the chargrin of Alex. Fortunately he is the nice subversive type and erases
this bizarre event from the records.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/anna.jpg"><P>
<I>"Don't you ever ____ing die?!?"</I><P>
</center>
<H3>Hints</H3>
If you're having difficulty with the ghost effect, this advice from
Saracoth may help:<P>
"I got her to ghost twice in a row this way: place a LAM on the vent,
but to cause the explosion earlier, place another LAM on the window on
the wall nearby (still tested using Trained demolitions and Medium difficulty).<P>
Hug the wall on your right as you approach Lebedev. When you reach the
corner, talk to him. You may then face the two LAMs and watch as Anna
approaches, screams, and turns into Coward the Frightened Ghost.<P>
Or not look at all, since you couldn't care less whether she lives or dies.
"<P>
<P>
Now, for Lebedev. Talk to him and get all the info from him. Then shoot
him once with the Tranquiliser dart and wait for him to drop. You will have
achieved your primary goal, and Manderley will be well pleased.<P>
But Lebedev is still alive, if not exactly well. Pick up his unconscious
form and carry it with you back to UNATCO.<P>
Ignore the Augmentation Canister in 747's hold. This contains Bullet-proofing,
but we're going to get something even better later on.<P>
Scour the land for any cool stuff such as ammunition and weapon mods.<BR>
Look out for: The accuracy mod in the hangar truck, the Clip mod in the power room by the helipad,
and the recoil mod in the Northeast watchtower. Also, the evil mechanic tending 747 will fence you another recoil mod
that he stole.<P>
I suggest: accuracy mods and clip extensions go to the sniper rifle, and recoil mods go to the assault rifle if
you have one. When you get a silencer, attach it to the sniper rifle ASAP.<P>
Once you're done, find Jock The Helicopter and go home. Don't talk to Gunther.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/bh.gif" TITLE="Assembled with The Gimp"><P>
</center>
<HR>
<H2>UNATCO</H2>
Back at UNATCO, break into Dr. Reyes' cupboard and take the Legs augmentation
(unless you already took the NSF one).
This will give you the ability to perform jumps similar to those in <I>The Matrix</I>,
or the Alan Dean Foster novel, <I>The i Inside</I>. It is almost certainly one
of the most fun and useful upgrades in the entire game.<P>
You should by now have two upgrade canisters: apply both to the Legs.<P>
Talk to Manderley and eat his chocolate bar, which can provoke some
amusing responses.<BR>
Scavenge anything useful you can find (there should be a recoil mod for your Assault rifle under your desk) and
visit Carter.<P>
Finally, go back to Black Helicopter, who has also become subversive.
If you drugged Lebedev, take him along too for the ride.<P>
<H2>Back in New York City</H2>
Visit Paul. If you brought Lebedev with you, dump him on the balcony outside
for safekeeping. Go to the NSF headquarters and break into the computer room.<P>
Once you've opened the hatch, take the crate of Boom nearby down the ladder
with you and use it to blow the locked door.<BR>
Once the poison has dispersed, open the three automatic doors by hacking
the security terminal, and go through until you come to the lasergrid.<P>
There should be a small metal crate nearby. Pick this up and throw it
into the lasergrid so it blocks the lowest beam. Run away and wait for
the alarm to cease. There should now be a gap in the beam for you to crawl
under. Take a crate of Boom and do this.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/crates1.jpg">
<P>
<I>Block the beam and hide</I><P>
</center>
At the corner of the tunnel are two gun turrets in little cupboards.
Place the Boom in the corner so it's in front of both of them.
Crawl back under the beam and shoot the Boom. Dive out of the way to avoid
the shockwave or you'll lose a limb.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/crates2.jpg">
<P>
<I>Blow the Boom and run away</I><P>
</center>
Now both gun turrets should be destroyed, and also the lasergrids. Take
the remaining crate of Boom and go through to the safe where the datacube
is. Blow it.<P>
Take the accuracy mod and attach it to your rifle; it should be around 97%
accurate now. Root around for any other goodies and then read the two
datacubes.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/bang.jpg"><P>
<I>Opening safes for fun and profit</I><P>
</center>
Back down the corridor is a stack of four(!) crates of Boom. Take these and
move them, up one by one to street level using the back exit. Once they
are all in the street, transfer them to the Hell's Kitchen map.. we are
going to take them up to Paul's room in the 'ton hotel.<P>
Go back to Paul and if the option is given, tell him you won't send the message. Otherwise just say 'bye and leave.<BR>
Now go down the subway to escape, the code of which is 6282. Some rather unusual stuff will now happen.<P>
First, Gunther will run up to you and stand there like a lemon. He cannot speak, so ignore him.<BR>
Talk to the guards, who are standing around like wooden dolls, and pet some of the security robots.
DO NOT enter any of the huts or everything will come to life and kill you.<BR>
There is nothing for you here, so go back down to the subway and take the train.<P>
Owing to the magical nature of the New York rail service, you should find yourself
on the <I>roof</I> of the Hilton. What a trip! Go back down to Paul, who will
tell you to send the signal again. Head back to the NSF HQ.<P>
Taking a gun, shoot the barrels of Boom on the lower level. This may
erase the hapless repairbot, but it will also poison many humans and
thereby reduce the amount of work we have to do later on.<BR>
If there are any remaining crates of Boom on the ground level,
take them somewhere safe <I>before</I> setting off the barrels.. it can prove
useful later ;-)<P>
Go up to the top floor and barricade the stairs with a huge metal crate.
(This will require your Arms). When the guy says he will report you,
shoot him in the head with the rifle and jump past the barricade with your
Legs. Kill the two on the top floor by any means you see fit and throw
their bodies off the roof, to improve the morale of the folks below.<P>
Now go back to the barricade. You should have several troopers, in a
perfect configuration for a single GEP round to blow them all to kuck. If not,
kill them individually and make your way downstairs, floor by floor.
Use the poison provided to eradicate all life in the area.<P>
When this is done and there is <I>no-one</I> left alive, go back to the
top floor and send the signal. Now we must rescue Paul; this takes a lot
of effort, and the game will try very hard to stop you, even 'cheating'.
<P>
Go to the Mellotron Hotel and in through the fire escape window.
Put Lebedev on the bed and transfer all the Boom into the kitchen.
Save now, because things will get pretty hairy. Do NOT talk to Paul,
and keep well away from him, because it will all go to shit when he speaks.<P>
Unlock or smash open his apartment door with a GEP rocket and walk around the 'Tron hotel.<P>
Find Jojo and shoot him in the back with the pistol at close range. Upon seeing
you he will utter the understatement of his life ("Oh, you bad.. Aagh!")<P>
Now it's time to kick ass.<P>
<HR>
<H2>Saint Paul - The Wrath of God</H2>
<I>(Written by Saracoth, and presented using Illuminati chronology)</I><P>
<H3>Verwirrung - Chaos</H3>
"Just look at how much faith they put in the skills of you and Paul:
an initial strike force of 3 MIBs and 3 UNATCO. Just in case you defeat
all them, they assume you'll escape through the front door, so they have a
sniper ready for when you go down the stairs.<BR>
His first shot will probably kill or cripple one of you, and he may get
off a second. At the bottom of the stairs are three troopers to keep
you occupied while two more sneak up from behind.<P>
"At the next set of stairs are four guys to hold the exit. And if you make
it past this force of ten, there's four more troopers waiting further
down the hall, ready to grind the tenderized meat that your bodies now
consist of and inject your remains into sausage skins.
<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/pos1.jpg"><BR>
<I>Three troopers to distract you</I><P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/pos2.jpg"><BR>
<I>While two more troopers sneak up on you</I><P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/pos3.jpg"><BR>
<I>And four more troopers turn the pair of you into dogmeat</I><P>
</CENTER>
"A full frontal assault is nearly suicide. Hit and run tactics won't work,
since there's no where to run to. What does that leave? Stealth - the element of surprise!
But wait, aren't they here to surprise <I>you</I>? Poor mortal fools... daring
to challenge a god. We'll ambush <I>them</I> for this impudence!
<P>
"Is such a thing possible? A one-man ambush, almost instantly wiping out
an assault force of 20 spread throughout an entire building?
You bet, if you've been collecting Boom from the NSF headquarters.
Beyond the four already listed in the walkthrough, there are also two
crates of Boom in the main areas of various floors (one under the stairs
on a higher level, and one on the ground floor, which you hopefully shipped
out prior to detonating the barrels).<P>
"Given that there are two different places with Rockets in the complex, I'll
assume that the GEP gun will replace using these. That's a total of six Boom
boxes. If you collected these, you can rest assured that not only will your
soon-to-be-sainted brother survive, but that word of your (un)righteous might
will spread throughout the world.
"<P>
<H3>Zweitract - Discord</H3>
"It might help to know their attack pattern. Unmolested by you, the pattern
is as follows:<P>
"From the group of two MIBs, the one closer to the wall where Paul's front
door is will run first. A short while later (5 seconds), the other two
MIBs follow, stopping briefly outside the door. When the battle begins,
they continue on, and the three UNATCO boys run after.<P>
"Going by this, it appears that most troops simply stand still, waiting
as backup.<BR>
That's their <I>plan</I> anyway. While they stand still for the dialogue
with Paul, it doesn't take long for the LAMs to go off, so rush through it.<P>
"The MIBs are apparently immune to attempts at ambushing and 'Boombytrapping',
so the sooner the conversation ends the better, since they will improvise
and attack sooner than planned once they realize that their allies have been
transformed into kibble.
<P>
"Since we can't take any Boom with us to the next mission, LAMs should be
conserved while Boom must be utilized now.<BR>
Very important note: Kill the vacuum cleaner!
It <I>will</I> set off the LAMs. Repeatedly stamping on it is fine.
"<P>
<H3>Unordnung - Confusion</H3>
Departing from Saracoth's original plan for a moment, this is the arrangement
I used which took three LAMs and five crates of Boom:<P>
Firstly, the Death Sniper. In the shot below, he'll appear by the plant
but there are a number of friends with him. If we place the LAM on the
opposite side of the pillar to the Sniper, it will still pulp him, but it
will also set off the Boom and annihilate his companions.<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/trap1.jpg"><BR>
<I>"I'll wait for Denton here, right by this neat little flashing th-"</I><P>
</CENTER>
Next, we must take care of the MIB's backup. This is easy.. a single LAM will
erase them all since they appear in a tight cluster.<BR>
Place it by the door next to Paul's, the one just opposite the stairs.<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/trap2.jpg"><BR>
<I>This is the view from the top of stairwell</I><P>
</CENTER>
"The four men nearest the front door can easily be taken out by a LAM in
combination with a Boom. Place the LAM slightly to the right of the vertical
light that one of the troopers will stand next to. The crate should go close
to the middle of the hall, nearer to the ATM by a floor tile or two."<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/trap4.jpg"><BR>
<I>This little rig will purify the entire hallway</I><P>
</CENTER>
"The lobby will utilize one LAM, but the remaining three Booms. Substitute
missing Booms with more LAMs, as needed."<P>
Saracoth placed his LAM on the small flight of stairs leading from the entrance.
In my experiments (codenamed 'Project Ecstasy') the LAM was placed on one of
the central pillars.. it seems to work pretty well either way.<P>
"Also place a Boom just a ways past the bottom of the stairs. Continue
walking away from the stairs and place a second Boom near the column on your
right, in line of sight of the first Boom and close enough to be affected by
it and to gib the two UNATCO that will appear near the back of the stairs."<P>
"The third Boom will be in line-of-sight of the second, closer to the office.
For best effect, make sure that each Boom is just in range to get blown up
by the previous one, to ensure that the UNATCO get blown away.
"<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/trap3.jpg"><BR>
<I>"We'll do away with your kind!"</I><P>
</CENTER>
<H3>Beamtenherrschaft - Bureaucracy</H3>
The best way to find the optimum distance that Boom can be placed in order to
chain properly is by prototyping.<P>
Set up your rig and save. Then, hide somewhere relatively safe and run
the prototype by shooting the LAM with the sniper rifle to see if you'll
get the desired effect, before reloading the game and adjusting the
rig as necessary.<BR>
An added bonus is Gilbert Renton's behaviour when you try to demolish his
hotel through a series of controlled explosions.<P>
<CENTER>
<IMG SRC="deus/proto1.jpg"><BR>
<I>Activating the lobby prototype</I><P>
</CENTER>
Now, back to Saracoth:<P>
"That just leaves the MIBs, and we want to delay them as long as possible
(but still rushing through the conversation with Paul, since this most
certainly will <I>not</I> delay them).<P>
"Use Paul's couch as one line of defense. Keep it inside the room, and
maintain a respectable distance from the door, which will destroy virtually
anything in the process of opening or closing.<P>
"The trash can from the hall and Paul's chair will be the second line of defense."
<H3>Grummet - Aftermath
</H3>
"Ready your weapon of choice, speak with Paul, and slam spacebar
like a madman. The screen will go and stay white for a very long time as
the effects of your omnipotence are felt by the fleshlings throughout the building.<P>
"However, you want to toy with the heretic MIBs, who commit sacrilege by
daring to think their augmentations make them a match for you. Paul will
bear witness of your glory to all inhabitants of the earth,
for ever and ever, Amen.
<P>
"Fire a GEP round into their midst when they gather at the door. Between
that and the assumed explosion of at least one of them dying, if any of
them survive they will be in sufficient awe of your (un)holiness to run
from you. But you cannot deal lightly with such false prophets, so any
surviving MIB should get a round of 30.06 between their eyes.
<P>
You may now escort Saint Paul, annointed in blood, to the front door."<P>
<H3>Hints and stuff</H3>
<UL>
<LI>Be free with your GEPs. Don't worry about hitting Paul, <I>you</I>
can't kill him.<BR>In fact, I have found it quite effective to kill nearby
enemies by bouncing GEPs off Paul, thereby cooking his assailants.</LI><BR>
<LI>Don't forget - leave the 'Tron Hotel through the <B>front door</B>. This is absolutely critical!<BR>
If you go out the window Paul will mysteriously die, which we do
<I>not</I> want to happen.</LI> If you have something on the
balcony that you need to retrieve, you'll have to take the long way round.<BR>
<LI>When you kill the MIBs as they burst into the apartment, Paul has a tendency
to utter bizarre comments such as 'That wasn't funny!' or 'Quit screwing around!'</LI><BR>
<LI>An alternative way to perform the 'rescue' is to lock yourself in Paul's cupboard
for a few minutes while he goes around slaughtering everyone, and then quietly sneak out the front door.</LI><BR>
</UL>
<H3>Now what?</H3>
Once Paul is safely on his way, go back to the flat and raid the cupboard.
You should find another augmentation upgrade. Apply it to your legs and you
should now have full-fledged, Class IV Legs.<P>
Once you've succeeded, go back up the fire escape to pick up Lebedev. Climb
up on to the top of the hotel and walk off into space to end it all.
Do not use explosives or Lebedev will get broken.<P>
If you are not burdened with Lebedev, attach two or more LAMs to a nearby wall and
use a crowbar on them, for something that everyone should try at least once.<P>
<HR>
<H2>?????</H2>
Now you are in jail (even if your body was diced into red chunks by the LAMs!).
All your posessions have been taken.. except Lebedev!<P>
<PRE>
Face one of the mirrors, and keep tapping 'X' (crouch) approximately
five times a second. If you sidestep left and right, JC will do a
Silly Walk (one of the really clever ones where his feet don't move).
</PRE>
Put Lebedev on your bed for now. Very strange things happen and you escape.<P>
As soon as you get out, grab the baton and riot prod. Beat the guard to pulp and steal his stuff.
Now run out of the detention block and go down the drain.<BR>
Until you can get to the armoury, you will need to loot corpses. Everything
will be useful in the interim, except for knives which are the
weaponry equivalent of spam.<P>
Dade should tell you that Paul is alive and (more-or-less) well. Head to the
east for the nanotech labs (this is the nearest place to the medical facility that is reachable by drain) and cause a little mayhem. Start by throwing chairs around
to wake everyone up and finish up by killing or Prodding all enemies in the office.<P>
Now the alarm will be sounding and you'll probably find that there are some
Bad People outside trying to get in. Keep shutting the door each time they
try to open it.. eventually the alarm will stop and they will get bored and
go away.<P>
Grab the augmentation canister at an appropriate moment, but do not release
the Greasels unless you are hopelessly outnumbered.
Install the Aggressive Defence module and heal up.<P>
Head back towards Detention and find Robot Maintenance. With luck you should
have an assault rifle or something by now, so you might try just rushing all
the guards. Don't kill too many though, because we will want some alive later
for entertainment value.<P>
If you can't rush the guards, the stealth tactic is as follows. There is one
guard on the lower level.. kill him quietly and talk to the Immoral Mechanic who gives you some Bad Ideas.<BR>
(It is also an amusing variation to NOT talk to him until after the deed is done)
Now find the guard with a sniper rifle. Kill him and take it.<P>
Either way, get to the top-level control centre. Program the security robot
to venerate your name and obey you in all things. Pick up the Armoury code while
you're there as well.<P>
It is a shame that you can't put the robot on a leash and bring him
with you, but we can do the next best thing. Whenever you find a loose MJ12
trooper, lead him on a merry chase to see your nice friend.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/pupil.jpg" TITLE="The Master looks proudly down upon his pupil"><P>
<I>"Watch yourself.. This one's some kind of mech. Aagh!"</I><P>
</center>
If you don't mind being bitten a few times, it is quite easy to get the two
dobermans (dobermen?) in the control centre to drop into the maintenance shaft.
There are two main approaches, stand in the shaft yourself and hope they get
overexcited, or waiting until they are on the grate and then opening it.<BR>
When you're done, close the grate and you'll have two dogs in a cage.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/dobermen.jpg"><P>
</center>
Now go to the armoury and get your stuff back. Upstairs is a load of cool stuff, including
a silencer mod (use on Sniper rifle if yours isn't already silenced) and
a range mod (again, on the rifle). Turn off the robots with the panel.<P>
Now go round to Medical R&D. Using the cattle prod, stun the evil secretary.
Kill or stun the guard and anyone else who tries to cause trouble and
now <I>release the Karkians</I>.<P>
Upon gaining their freedom, the beasts will eat the two guards.. the problem now is putting them back in their
box. Fortunately we do have a solution. Wait until they have finished eating
and carry the unconscious secretary to the cage doors.<BR>
Throw her into the cage and they should follow.
Close the door while they are busy eating and speak to Paul.. he should now be safe.<P>
<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/sacrfice.jpg"><P>
<I>We all have to make sacrifices</I><P>
</center>
<P>
I suggest you stun the nurses in the medical area. Left alone, they have a disturbing tendency to open
the cage up again and walk inside, which will justly result in their demise,
but may also result in <I>yours</I>, so you must prevent them from doing this.<P>
Leave Medical R&D and go into the detention centre. Take the guards to see your friend downstairs, and then do the same for anyone
walking round or inside the control room. For the dogs I suggest a zap on the nose with the cattle prod, which will send them running but
should also keep them out of the robot's path.<P>
Take Lebedev out of the MJ12 base and leave him in Medical on level 3. Talk to Reyes and ask him to stay. Get the augmentation and install Regeneration, which kicks ass.<P>
Talk to Alex, and look under the floor where there should be some loot. Talk to Carter. Apply the upgrade to your Aggressive Defence System, the recoil mod to the assault rifle, and the range mod to the GEP or the rifle.<P>
Now find Manderly and blow him up, which gets a nod from Walton Simons. Alternatively, you might want to talk to Manderley before dispatching him, so that Simons gives you his neat little 'fifty billion dollars' speech.<P>
Now you've pretty much raided the place. Get Lebedev, find Black Helicopter and fly off into the sunset.<P>
<HR>
<H2>The Imprisonment of Black Helicopter</H2>
You are in Hong Kong. Black Helicopter has been kidnapped. You must break him
out by unlocking the weapons systems and opening the sky.<P>
To simplify this, a touch of mass-murder is in order. Go down into the
vents until you come across some barrels of Boom and a keypad.
Bypass the keypad and get out!<P>
Now look around the vents for the two security robots. Find the southern
one and use two EMP grenades to pacify him. If you have no EMP grenades,
you may have to humanely destroy Brother Robot but this is not advised.
The northern robot is of less consequence as a quick-witted Agent with two
legs can go through the doorway before the robot becomes dangerous.<P>
If you decide to go up onto the roof, <I>snipe the GEP guard</I>. Otherwise
he will fire GEPs at you which are not only painful but it means there will
be fewer left over for you once they have been liberated from his person.<P>
Now, go down to the barracks where you should find a heap of corpses, the
result of your twiddling with the air conditioning. There will probably be
someone left alive at the computer, so absorbed in his game of minesweeper
that he fails to notice everyone else has 'left the building'.<P>
Stun or kill him by whatever means you see fit and go upstairs to the
lockers. The middle two locked lockers are the ones we like, so fire a GEP
between the two of them and take the goodies. Recharge yourself
and check out the munitions dump for some fun weapons including WP rockets
and another recoil mod for your assault rifle.<P>
Move Lebedev to the Southern robot bay door so we can grab him quickly.<P>
Entering the flight control decks, unlock the weapon systems and go towards
the door, exactly like Black Helicopter tells you <I>not</I> to do.<BR>
When the door is broken, bypass the power system, grab Lebedev and crawl
through the debris. Take the lift down.<BR>
If you wish to come back later to recharge, the code is 989 but TracerT
has a repairbot of his own so there is little need once Maggie Cow and the
Sword of Doom have been dealt with. (There is also a repairbot hidden in the back of a barge)<P>
<H2>Hong Kong Phooey</H2>
First, ignore the Compound and DO NOT talk to Gordon Quick. We're going
to cut out the middle-man and deal with Maggie Chow direct.<P>
<PRE>
It is, with a little bit of effort, quite possible to 'Babelize'
your way into the Luminous Path compound using a stack of crates
and your Power Legs, but this will cause all the Triads to go apeshit,
and the codes will be changed to 6-digit numbers so you can't
get into Tracer T's laboratory. We aren't even going to try that.
</PRE>
Find somewhere out-of-the-way to put Lebedev for the time being.<BR>
Maggie Cow's apartment is in Tamagochi Road, so head to the street, but
don't go into her apartment. Stand outside the Queen's Tower, where she
lives, and face west. To your left should be a side-street with a cop and
a large military robot.<P>
Behind the robot should be a locked gate. Pick or destroy it and walk into the
service lift. Climb up the wire fence to the top of the lift shaft and you will
get onto the roof above Maggie's apartment.<P>
Go to the northern side of the Helipad, and using your Legs, jump onto the
barrier. Now, with your Legs still activated, line yourself up with the
balcony below and walk off into space.<P>
You should land by Jock's apartment. He has long since become one with Black Helicopter, so he won't be needing the flat anymore. Break and enter it using the crowbar.<P>
Now, go back to the balcony and look up. There is Maggie Cow, staring
vacantly into space. Aim the GEP at her (ignore the glass) and fire.
If you have any WP rounds, this will surely kill her but <I>be very careful</I>.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/maggie.jpg"><P>
<I>It must be done soon; this week. And it must be done <U>real tasty</U>.</I><P>
</center>
If all goes well, small chunks of Maggie will now jump out of the window and
begin their rapid journey to the pavement below. If not, reload and try again.<P>
Now, as a final touch, take the basketball from Jock's apartment and throw
it into Maggie's penthouse to give the police a clue to puzzle over.
The Basketball Killer has struck!<P>
If someone notices that Maggie is 'missing', the alarm will go off. Wait a few
minutes for it to settle before doing anything else: perhaps go to another
map area temporarily.<P>
Plunder Jock's apartment of anything good and leave through the door. Go down
the lift and enter Queen's Tower through the main entrance. Take the left-hand
elevator to the Penthouse. Look for the maid and shoot her with a tranquiliser
dart. She should press the alarm before keeling over into a death-like sleep.<P>
Go back to the elevator and wait for things to calm down.<P>
Now go back upstairs. Pick up the supine maid and throw her through the window.
Now make your way to the laser grid in Maggie's living room.
If you go through, there will be lots of guards so use the following trick:<P>
Place a LAM against the wall, just by the lasergrid. Stand well back and
throw a pot-plant or something at the beams, to summon the guards.<BR>
Soon they come along and in a flash, destroy not only themselves, but also the
lasergrid. If there are any survivors, a crowbar should be enough to deal
with them. Now we can go into the lab without being disturbed.<P>
In the mess room you should find a cabinet of ammo, including some Manna From Heaven (HE20 rounds)
and a clip mod for your sniper rifle.<BR>
Take the Sword by hacking the computer to open the case. Replace the crowbar with it.
Now you have the Sword of Doom, test it by trashing Maggie's apartment.<P>
TracerT wants you to take the Sword to Max Chen, who owns the famous
Red Arrows display team. Max Chen is at the Lucky Money, so go there.<P>
Wield the sword and go to the Wan-Chai shopping centre. In the northwest corner
of the corridor, look at that glass case. The Holy Grail!!! Wait for a
policeman to come past and smash the case open. Steal the Holy Grail before
his eyes. Just another crazy gwailo, I suppose.<P>
Now, wielding the Holy Grail, stroll into the nightclub. Pay to get in,
and look for some mirrors on the ground floor in the Northwest. Put the
Grail down for a moment and wield the Sword instead.<P>
Here's one of those cinematic entrances. Smash the mirror and walk through.
The people are strangely unperturbed at your dramatic intrusion, but ask you
politely to leave. Ignore them and go through the doors, jump onto the Bosses'
table and talk to him.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/grail.jpg" TITLE="It's some billionaire that's got the Holy Grail in his library."><P>
<I>"..you start seeing floating little fat people who tell you you're on a<BR>
mission from God, you're gonna be on some pretty heavy thorazine, right?<BR>
I said 'give me a sign'. They said 'Progressive Architecture, February '88, page 33.'<BR>
That's pretty specific. And bingo.. the Grail! The Holy Grail!"</I></CENTER><P>
Hide under Chen's desk until the immediate danger is past. When he has
returned to his desk, leave the building. Pick up the Grail and Run past the
commandos using your Legs.<P>
You may be accosted by a girl called 'Ling' who keeps babbling
and will not go away. You might try a gentle tap on the head with a
crowbar or baton to let her know that she is not wanted. You should only do
this <I>once</I> or you'll have a corpse to dispose of. If this does not work,
give her shot of tranquiliser dart to render her unconscious.<BR>
<PRE>
They say that death is like sleep. In Deus Ex, things are backwards;
sleep is like death. Detailed studies of the unconscious human form
prove that 'unconscious' is simply a more humane way of saying 'dead'.
(The fact that if you pick someone up it says 'you found a body'
doesn't help matters.)
If you attack an unconscious person with a crowbar, like a corpse
they will slowly darken, remaining 'asleep' the whole time until
the final blow causes them to burst messily.
</PRE>
If you had to KO Ling, take her sleeping form and head off to the canal.
Throw her in, where she will sink to the bottom and then rise up suddenly, face-down
in the water as if she's drowned.. only she hasn't. Leave her to sleep
with the fishes for the rest of the game.<P>
Back in the mall, break into the Kwiksave while the police are preoccupied.
Go to the fridge and consume the entire stock of alcoholic beverage as quickly
as you can. (60 bottles, if you bring the bottles from the club as well). It's a
good job your stomach is augmented or you would now be dead.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/dehab.jpg" TITLE="Go forth, and fetch thee a Jack of Daniels, that ye may be shitfaced"><P>
<I>Dehab</I><P>
</center>
If you can, pick up the Holy Grail and leave the area. Aw, the drink has
worn off. Place the Grail outside Versalife.<P>
In the market, head back to Tamagochi Road and look for the Maid, who is
still happily sleeping on the tarmac after her passage through the window.
Pick her up and look for Quick Gordon at the Luminous Path compound.<BR>
He should let you in. Drop the Maid in the compound and fetch Lebedev.
Now go and see Tracer Tong to get rewired.<P>
Tracer-T will want a few 'favours'. First you have to go to VersaDeath to
pick up the source code for the Dragon's Tooth.<BR>
Before you set out, use Tracer-T's medical robot and repairbot to get yourself
in peak condition. There is also some Manna from Heaven and another clip mod for your rifle.<BR>
Leave Lebedev in the medical room below Tong's lab.<P>
Unless you have some real space problems, take the Sword with you. Then, carrying the Maid, head to VersaDeath.<P>
<H2>VersaDeath Part I</H2>
<P>
<center>
"Ladies and gentlemen; due to the VersaLife Corporation's legacy of greed
throughout the globe,<BR>
they are to be taught a lesson in the <I>real</I> use of power. You will be witnesses."<P>
</center>
Go in the front door and down the lift. Talk to Reception and she will
tell you to look for Hundley.<P>
Put on a CD of something violent, like <I>Bal Sagoth</I>'s <I>To Dethrone The
Witch-Queen of Mytos-K'Unn.. The Legend Of The Battle Of Blackhelm Vale</I>
or, if you feel like recreating the board-room scene from The Crow,
<I>'After The Flesh'</I> by <I>My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult</I>.<P>
Find Hundley and give him a quick blow on the back of the head with the
Sword/Crowbar while no-one's looking (you will have to put the Maid down
for a while).<BR>
Now pick one of the following:<P>
<H3>Non-stop violence</H3>
Leave Hundley's corpse where it is and head back down to reception.<P>
Find the guard by the window nearest to reception and shoot him from behind.
The receptionist will now turn exceedingly violent. Shoot her, and switch
to the GEP for the three or four guards who will come out of security in
a bunch (perfect for the GEP). If you're lucky the guards will become
overzealous and shoot each other by mistake.<P>
If there are any others who pose a threat (e.g. the doorman) kill them.
Leave the normal employees alone.<P>
Alternatively:<P>
<H3>I'm not evil, I'm just morally-challenged</H3>
Pick up Hundley and take him to the balcony overlooking reception.<P>
Throw his remains to the ground in a triumphant manner, which will drive
all the guards and the receptionist to a frenzy. Cock your rifle and
pick off all the goons as they climb up to see you.<P>
<P>
Okay. Hack the security area and shut down all cameras and apply the clip
mod to your rifle. Take the Maid up to the data entry sections.<P>
On the ground floor of Data Entry, the Supervisor is a secretary-type woman
who is very harsh. Kill her immediately. Otherwise, when the shit goes down
later on, she will execute the other Data Entry clerks with her pistol.<P>
Hack into the computers and create yourself a few dummy accounts.
Then, bearing the Maid once more, go up to the top floor and talk to
Nervous Employee. It gets pretty screwed up right now, because you have
gone totally Postal and the conversation takes a rather unusual twist.<P>
Enter the main complex. Today's sermon is..<P>
<H3>Fire and the sword and much letting of blood</H3>
<I>I'm afraid there's going to have to be a certain amount of.. violence.<BR>
But at least we know it's all in a good cause!</I><P>
A supervisor will come up to you and warn you not to do anything evil.
Agree and then shoot the MJ12 commando in the back of the head with your
sniper rifle. If a trooper comes to examine the body, shoot them too.<BR>
At this point the supervisor loses his grip completely, shouting "Hey! Hey!"
and running towards the nearest panic button. The fool! Now <I>he</I> has die as well!<P>
Head to the right and go up the stairs. In the boardroom, there should be
a guard holding a flamethrower. Put him to the sword and run into the
bathroom. Hide in the vent until the other troopers come and pick them
off one at a time, retreating into the toilets after each strike.<P>
You may alternatively wish go for the Brandon Lee approach of standing on the boardroom
table and slaying everyone who comes close in a hail of machinegun fire.<P>
Eventually the scientists should go back into the boardroom and sit down
for their meeting. Crawl behind each one, and using the sword, destroy the
chair they are sitting on (don't hit their legs!)<P>
Now it is time to get the source code.<BR>
We could take the tour of the labs first and loot them that way, but it would
be far too easy and it doesn't jell with the sermon. Steal the ROM coding and
get ready to kill LOTS of very dangerous people.<P>
<center>
<I>O grim gods of battle, empower us this night<BR>
Annoint us with the Crimson Rain<BR>
Let every blow be a killing blow<BR>
Grant us victory.. or a Warrior's Death..</I></center><P>
Kill the WiB and any others, and go down into the labs itself.
Hide in the vents and pick off the MiBs one by one. If this is isn't fun
enough, the the greasels in this lab actually make good pets and will eat
all the people you don't like. You can keep them nice and happy by
bringing corpses from upstairs to feed to them.<P>
Go in and look for the Mad Bum. He tells you that he is in a position of
overall command so release him.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/captain.jpg"><P>
<I>"I'm the Captain here."</I><P>
</center>
Plunder the Augmentation chamber, adding Radar-Invisibility and All-Seeing-Eye
capabilities. <B>Ye-e-e-es..</B><P>
Once you've cleaned the place out, go to the temple, taking the Maid
along with you. Dump her in front of Buddah and go back to Tong. If the monk
annoys you, desecrate the temple.<P>
Talk to Tong and recharge. Then go to the Old China Hand by Canal Road and
go to the kitchen.<BR>
Someone has been killing pigeons! Find the one they call 'Chef' and destroy him utterly.<P>
Then go into the vents, down to the collapsed tunnels and get the upgrade. Apply it to your Eyes.<P>
<H2>VersaDeath Part II - the revenge</H2>
Now it is time to go back to VersaLife. You can either go in the back way,
or by knocking on the front door and going in. I prefer the latter.<BR>
Snipe the Commandos, or blow them up with GEP rounds until you get to the
lift down to R&D. Notice that the corpses from your previous visit are
still strewn everywhere.<P>
Down the lift, you'll find a big spider in the shower. I suggest two rounds of Manna From Heaven
to dispose of it. Head towards the corporate statue, shooting the commando
in the head as he comes to investigate the messy death of the spider.<P>
Go downstairs, killing all who oppose you, and take the walkway. The code
is 55655.<P>
Unlock the red door with the combination 768, as seen on the datacube.
Go in and find the ramp. There is a button on the left-hand wall that
raises and lowers the ramp.<BR>
Do not press the button while you are standing by the ramp because it
also lowers a bulkhead door. If you're in the way it will close on your head,
which will get broken. This is something we do not want.<P>
Instead, crouch while pressing the button and run as quickly as you can
to leave the ramp while it is being raised. If it worked, we have negated
the need to go along the upstairs corridor and get slain by the robots.<P>
However, it is <I>definitely</I> worth just going up the stairs quickly to
marvel for a few minutes at the ceiling, which is made of worms.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/worms.jpg" TITLE="You should see this puppy when it's moving"><P>
<I>My God, it's full of worms!</I><P>
</center>
Now, go down the tunnel you have just opened and snipe the lab woman.<BR>
She is one of the Grey Death researchers and more evil than Satan, whatever
your IFF says. There is also a Commando and two security robots,
happily sleeping. We don't want to wake <I>them</I> up, so GEP the Commando
while he is at the other end of the hall. Hack the terminal to shut down
the lasergrid and slip past the robots. If you press the maintenance button
they will not trouble you.<P>
Now, grab anything you like and hack the computer. Upload the data to
Tong and then go down into the Multiversal Constructor.<BR>
If Maggie Chow wasn't dead, she would be standing around on the lowest
floor. (If you jump, she says 'bad move, JC' as your body splatters everywhere)<P>
Release the augmentations. Apply the upgrade to your Eyes and install the power
recirculator using the medibot nearby.<P>
Now go downstairs and blow the joint. Leave, and return to the Sucky Money for instant and total intoxication.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/fish.jpg"><P>
<I>Even the fish is drunk</I><P>
</center>
<H3>A Farewell to Things</H3>
Go back to Tong, and talk to Paul. Ask Alex about the Grey Death and then
get yourself fixed up and recharged. Talk to TracerT and he'll tell you
to leave. Lebedev is now in a safe place, so I think it is safe to go on
without him (Paris can be very violent, and the chances of him being hit
and obliterated rise considerably).<P>
Say goodbye to Paul, Lebedev and possibly the Maid. Now go back to the helicopter
(who is going under his alias of 'Jock' this time) and away.<P>
<HR>
<H2>You can tell by the night-fires where Rael has been</H2>
Back in NYC again, Daedalus crashes and gets Ro0t3D by dA iCARu5 cReW.
You must find Filben in the Underworld club. While you're there, talk to
the navy guy and bring him over to the Dark Side. Check out the public data
terminals to see a list of your crimes.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/crimes.gif"><P>
<I>The suspect is a man with one leg and a rocket launcher</I><P>
</CENTER>
Leave the underworld and find Dowd in the charred wreckage of the Osgood building.
I suggest you turn on your Legs and Recirculation beforehand, so you can
jump out of danger like Spring-Heeled Jack.<BR>
When you talk to Dowd, keep pressing Enter quickly, so that he just coughs
and doesn't say anything.<P>
Now go and find Smuggler. If you have the readies, buy 6 LAMs otherwise
just tell him to get the hell out of there. Leave via the secret
exit in the left-hand wall as you emerge.<P>
Head back to the roof of the 'tron hotel and fly away to the submarine base.<P>
<HR>
<H2>The submarine base</H2>
<I>..he knows that whatever the outcome, this night shall see a legend of war
written in blood and the deaths of men... a legend none shall soon forget...</I><BR>
-- Liner notes from 'Starfire Burning'<P>
Unfortunately it is now necessary to slay the PSS Wallcloud for the greater good.<P>
First, talk to the outer guards, who have all been corrupted by your seditious influence,
and get the key off them. Check out the lorry trailers in the east, using the
nano-sword to break them open and your Legs to get inside.<P>
Now go into the eastern warehouse and sneak into the office in the corner.
Break open the locked door using your sword and reprogram the military robots
to 'Standby'. Check out all the stuff in the office.. there's some codes.
Now go to the crane and take the sniper ammo up top.<P>
Snipe any enemy troopers you can see and go back down. Try to enter the
western warehouse, the ammo dump. Break into offices and computer systems
and generally cause security alerts until they open, and then sneak into
the office as before. Reprogram the security robots to 'Standby' as well.<P>
Open the three bays and search them. There is some precious Manna From Heaven
in one of the bays, and three crates of Boom in case you need it.<P>
When the area is tidy to the point that it doesn't matter if there's a
security alert or not, go to the entrance near the crane.<P>
Approach the soldier in the security office very carefully. Crouch as you
enter the room and try to stay hidden. What?? It seems your evil magic has
spread far.<BR>
Search the datacubes and security terminals before leaving the office.
Hang around on the balcony overlooking the ship, and an MJ12 guy may appear
only to be murdered in a violent insurrection by the US Navy.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/navykill.jpg"><P>
<I>"It wasn't me! It was him what done it!"</I><P>
</CENTER>
Go downstairs and talk to the Immoral Mechanics, who are once again on
top form. Get onto the ship using the crane or the ramp, depending on
how you feel and kill everyone you meet. Grab some cough mixture for Dowd
and any other goodies you fancy. Don't forget the vent
system can save you many lockpicks and multitools.<P>
Apply the upgrade in the safe to your Vision Enhancement, and you will now have
All-Seeing-Eye capability (you can see through walls!). Steal the money from the Captain's room, it
will almost reimburse the cost of the LAMs.<P>
For amusement value, try to blow the five weld points solely by throwing
crates of Boom at them. You will need to heal yourself a lot if you do it this way.<P>
Terminate the PSS Wallflower and don't worry about Attack Helicopter.. he has 30
minutes to get clear.<BR>
Tong will tell you to take the vent system.. this is one of the worst pieces
of advice he ever gives you. Ignore him and go back out the usual way
(i.e. the front door) then take the crane to where Black Helicopter is
waiting for you. You may find it amusing to use your Legs to jump onto
Black Helicopter's back, but make sure you save first.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/splatter.jpg"><P>
<I>A giant blender</I><P>
</CENTER>
<H3>Dowdy</H3>
Wielding the sword, have the gatekeeper let you in and then promptly cut off his head (this makes Dowd laugh).
Open the painting (1234) and smash the strange gizmo. Put the gatekeeper in one of the holes in the ground, neatly prepared for him.<P>
Now go into Dowd's grave and look for him.<P>
Pick over the place carefully before talking to Dowd because the shit comes down
when you do. There is a LAM in the NW tomb. Disappear into the tunnels and break a few heads.<P>
<HR>
<H2>Gay Paris</H2>
In Paris, you start on the top of a skyscraper. You can get some interesting
results by shooting GEP or Manna rounds straight in the air.. they will
hit the sky and detonate.<BR>
Break open the shed you find using as violent a means as is practical.
Inside is a book which contains the code you need and a very disturbing,
incoherent note at the end of the page.<BR>
Looking at the ramparts, notice the little windows. You should be able to
see the compound where you will later emerge. Taking your sniper rifle, terminate
as many of the three commandos as you can. A single bullet for each one
should be sufficient (assuming you have the accuracy and skill).<P>
Go down the lift and talk to the woman. Go through the radiation chamber,
using Regeneration to keep yourself alive. Recharge using the robot and
go down the hatch. Something terrible happens inside your head and Icarus
0wNz your brain with an Outlook Express exploit that he found on a kewl
warez site.<P>
If you have a nano-sword, cut the four greasels into little strips.
Otherwise you will have to Assault them or use similar weaponry. When they
are dead, report back to the woman. Her cats may get cooked from the inside
out by the hard radiation, but at least they won't be eaten. As a
gesture of thanks she gives you a bundle o' skill points.<P>
Go through the tunnels. If there are any Commandos left, hunt them down
(they make circular patrols around the buildings). If you find the key to
the Catacombs that's cool, but unnecessary. First, go into the Metro.<BR>
Talk to or ignore the arms dealer, and look for a vent on the right-hand wall
opposite him. Go through the vent and look at the turnstiles. When the robot
comes along it will see you and become agitated, but will be unable to shoot
you because of the grill in the way.<P>
The robot will eventually approach the grill, and stamp on it. Be prepared
to escape as this happens or you will catch a lot of lead. Now the robot has
helpfully opened the way, wait until it leaves and then kill the troops
with a fatal bullet wound to the shoe. If you're very lucky, the robot
may turn on its masters. Follow the robot sneakily so it does
not notice you, and rush past when this is unavoidable. Get any cool stuff
from the crates and shut down the ATM camera so you can raid them unmolested.
Check the public terminals for an update on your crimes, and something creepy.<P>
Once the troops are dead, you can get a bargain or two from the dealer.
The recoil mod is cheapest and probably most useful. Use it on the assault
rifle to help stop it wandering.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/moron.gif" TITLE="Assembled with The Gimp"><P>
</CENTER>
Now we must turn our attention to The House. There seems to be no way in
except the front door, which will need a GEP round or similar device to remove
it unless you're swimming in lockpicks.<P>
In the basement there is a repairbot. Elsewhere there's various knick-knacks
and some money. But in the office, which can be accessed most easily by
breaking the window, wait for the phone to ring and pick it up. Now it gets
<I>very</I> creepy. Someone has obviously been reading Neuromancer.<P>
Anyway. Go to the Catacombs. Don't use the front door, the back is perfectly
adequate. Smash the barricade with your sword, or a similar means.
As you approach the hole, you may gain enough skill points to attain master
level riflery. Do this and then go down the hole.<P>
<H3>Catacom</H3>
In the catacombs, use your All-Seeing-Eye ability to look for people through walls.
If you approach a trooper-shape, shoot it in the head as soon as your crosshairs
allow. Otherwise keep on until you see a guy in a trenchcoat through the
wall.. he's the head of the resistance. Once you locate him, switch off
the Eyes and enter the bunker.<P>
Talk to them and agree to rescue some people. You can navigate by Eye, because the
greatest concentration of foes will be the right path. If you choose to do this, remember it consumes an obscene
amount of energy. There is a repairbot up a ladder.. find it because it
will be most useful. It also has some rounds of Manna, and crates of Boom which
you can throw at people and/or the lasergrid. Again, to free the hostages, turn on your
Eyes and shoot anything that moves in the head. When there is no-one to
resist anymore, search for keys and unlock the inner bunker. If you get
lost easy, follow them home (possibly using the Eyes).<P>
Once the leader is happy, grab a crate of Boom, recharge and head to the sewers.
Once you go through into Paris proper, dump the box so it can be retrieved
easily and climb the ladder to freedom. Do not leave the box near the ladder
in case you fall off (messy!) and do not open the drain immediately because
there's a load of people out there.<P>
Save and open the drain carefully. Using your Eyes, find the commandos and
any other troopers and shoot them dead. Keep retreating back down the
drain.. some of the troopers may also fall down the drain and die.<BR>
Use the riot prod on the dog to make it go away, and keep on killing until the robot is no longer amused.<P>
When the robot becomes awkward, find the other drain and pop up there.
Snipe any commandos you can see and make your way to the shed nearby. Hack
the computer and switch off the robots. Now you are well on the way to
<I>owing</I> Paris.<P>
For amusement, grab a dead MJ12 commando and head towards the hostel.
Activate your legs and run towards the policemen, jumping over their heads.
The combination of the body and your impossible actions will provoke some
rather interesting responses.<BR>
It may also amuse you to break into the hostel rooms, which causes Ike to
scold you.<P>
<CENTER>
<img src="deus/happened.jpg" TITLE="It's not fun to stay in the YMCA"><P>
<I>"It's happened again!"</I><P>
</CENTER>
If any of the police turn on you, stick them with tranquiliser darts or
the cattle prod. Otherwise, explore and grab any useful junk you can.<P>
Check out the arms dealer's house. The arms dealer is furry, has four legs
and doesn't say much. Grab the accuracy mod and add it to whatever you fancy.
If you're using version 1.002f or similar, throwing knives do 25 hits each
and are rapid fire! Otherwise, don't bother.<P>
Open the chest carefully with a GEP to avoid harming the dealer and grab
the goodies therein.<BR>
If you are in the mood, go next door and bother the couple. Smash the chair
out from under the woman and destroy everything in the room. They won't notice.<P>
Find Reyes and get the root password for Gunther's brain. When everything
else has been done, find the club.<P>
There are many ways to approach the club. You can fork out 300, or you can
smash the window and shoot the doorman with a flare dart to make him get
out of the way. I prefer to blow up the back door with a GEP round.<P>
Inside the club, be sure to look at the bouncers. They look tough but
so far as I can tell are utterly defenceless and will not open fire or
defend themselves in any manner at all, even when attacked.<P>
Now go and find Nicolette. If you can't remember what she looks like,
a variation of the Kimberly diamond test works. If you kill everyone
you see, the only one left alive will be Nicolette, because she can't die.<P>
Once everything else is done, talk to Nicolette and leave.<P>
<H2>Chateau DuClare</H2>
Break in by going round the back and smashing the wooden barracade with the
sword or similarly high-end gear. As you run around the house, you should
get two very interesting messages from Evil Icarus.<P>
Don't unlock Beth's bedroom. Instead, head to the kitchen and get in the dumbwaiter. Go up to Beth's bedroom and after about 30 seconds, Nicolette will enter the bedroom. Get all the good stuff and go out. Wait! The door's still locked!<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/clever1.jpg" TITLE="Nicolette is 'very clever'"><P>
<I>JM: How did she do that??<BR>
IM: She's very clever.</I><P>
</center>
Now, go down into the cellar and through to the WW2 bunker.
There is a barrel of Boom, which will come in handy later on, and a
passage blocked by wood. It isn't blocked to you, though.<P>
Crawl under the first part, and then activate your Matrix legs. Jump onto
the wood and then crawl down to get past the first bit.<P>
Now something really amazing happens. Nicolette, finding she is left alone,
will charge towards the barracade and destroy it by unknown means.
Do the same for the next barracade. She certainly <I>is</I> very clever!
Investigate Beth's spy network and summon Everett.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/clever2.jpg" TITLE="Nicolette certainly is 'very clever'"><P>
<I>Another stunning entrance from Nicolette</I><P>
</center>
Leave the augmentation alone, but apply the Upgrade to your Regeneration system.<P>
Everett will want you to get some gold for him in a nearby MJ12 cathedral.
To get there you must go to the crypt, which is now full of Commandos.
Go back and take the barrel of Boom with you. With luck there should only be
two commandos between you and the crypt.<P>
Snipe the first one in the head, it should take just one shot.
Now take the Boom to the crypt and throw it at the other commando.<P>
<PRE>
MJ12: I've got a bogey!
JCD: Not for long!
</PRE>
('booger' is the nearest American equivalent)<P>
If your legs came off again, slither back to Beth's lab with your Regeneration
service running. By the time you arrive the leg(s) should have regrown.
Recharge yourself with the repairbot and go back down the sewers.<P>
<HR>
<H2>Cathedral of Sin</H2>
This is fairly straightforward. Listen to the pretty music (especially when
you die) and jump over the gate using your Class IV legs. As soon as
you see any MJ12 people, blow their heads off with your rifle. Shut down
the big, lumbering robot using the terminal, and don't forget to stand on
the basketball of perpetual motion to start it spinning forever.<P>
If you need to recharge, go down into the subway ignoring the cries of
protest inside your head. Smash open one of the disused sections and
you can go to a repairbot.. the police don't care about vandalism.<P>
Entering the Cathedral grounds, kill any troops and sneak round the right-hand
side to the trellis. Climb up it, and onto the library. On your left you
should see a window, where a trooper is standing.<P>
<PRE>
Find a safe spot on the roof of the Library where the robots can't
see you but you can still hear the trooper babbling to himself.
Take your mouse apart, and remove the ball. Flick the horizontal
roller so that it spins rapidly and the trooper's voice should have
a cool Leslie effect. Gunther, tracking you by satellite, should
by rights wonder what in Hell you're playing at.
(Leslie speakers: rotating speaker cabinet used with Hammond organs,
Fender pianos and Mellotrons. Look up Keith Emerson with The Nice
for some amusing trivia.)
</PRE>
Very carefully, jump onto the buttress near the window and kill the trooper.
Climb up and go around the ledge to the bridge between the two towers.<BR>
Snipe the riflemen and pick up their ammo. Go to where the window trooper
was. Search his body and throw it out the window to where the robots are patrolling.
If you throw a body off the bridge while a robot is going past, the reaction
can be quite entertaining.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/gods.jpg" TITLE="The Zeroth Law takes precedence and I must save Earth."><P>
<I>"Take a look at your Gods. Take a good look!"</I><P>
</center>
Go down into the kitchen where Swelter, the evil chef from Castle Gormenghast,
is trying to prepare a meal. Talk to him and using your magic touch,
persuade him to betray MJ12 (as they go, he is quite resistant to subversion).<P>
Go into the basement to find the Gold. Smash the crates and pocket anything
that looks nice. There is a scope mod here too.. attach it to your GEP
if you haven't already done so.<P>
<H3>Hunter German and the Proximity Mine of Mystery</H3>
Go down carefully into the data vault. On the way down, place two mines
(in the same spot) on the left-hand wall (as you go down). Go and poke
your nose at Gunther so he starts to run towards you. Quickly, run up
the stairs and he will explode messily. If you just use one LAM, he
will go mad (and if you then throw LAMs at him from the upstairs balcony
he <I>may</I> speak from beyond the grave in a similar manner to Nevarre. Only managed it once..).<P>
Place a LAM just above the holographic projector (or alternatively, stack
two crates of ambroisa so his image is blocked) and hack the terminal.
Go figure!<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/proximity.jpg"><P>
<I>The Proximity Mine of Mystery</I><P>
</center>
Once you're done, go down the subway and recharge before taking some
very hard drugs and waking up in Everett's house.<P>
<PRE>
IDM: The subway police just shot you to crap! That didn't happen before!
JPM: I wasn't lugging around a <I>dead MJ12 commando</I> before!
</PRE>
<H2>Captain Kremmen</H2>
At Kenny Everett's house, root around and steal everything that looks good.
Apply the Upgrade to your Aggressive Defence System.<BR>
It may be amusing to throw a LAM or two into the aquarium so there is just one single fish swimming around.<P>
When you're done talking to Everett, enter the helipad, and trip over the body of a murdered mechanic.
Talk to the Odd Mechanic, and then to Everett. The Odd Mechanic is guilty
of the attempted murder of you and Black Helicopter, and his punishment must
be severe. Shoot the fuel drums he's leaning on.<P>
If you deem this punishment is not sufficiently harsh, a just alternative
is that he should sleep with the fishes. Talk to the Odd Mechanic once more
and tranquilise him. Take the sleeping form down into the aquarium and leave
it to drown in the underpass between the two halves of the tank.<P>
Now board Black Helicopter for a pleasant flight without that nagging worry
of sabotage.<P>
<HR>
<H2>Vandenberg Concerto No.3</H2>
Some of you may be aware of a bug involving the power generator, that
can be used to get unlimited amounts of skill and turn you into Jesus for
the price of an hour's worth of typing '5868' into the generator.<BR>
This is just the sort of bug I'm always looking out for, but we are <I>not</I>
going to use it. Two words.. "Kill Switch".<P>
The win32 version of Deus Ex (and the Linux version was cancelled, goddammit)
seems to have an internal limit to the total number of Skill Points you can have,
both spent and available.<BR>
Once this limit is achieved, the program will crash the next time you save
or leave the current zone. (This was NOT fixed by the latest patch.)<P>
I do not know what the total amount of skill points you can have is, but
if you make yourself Master of about 7 skills, the engine will die
the next time you complete a goal. Even if you boosted just a couple of
things, you'll run the risk of your 'Kill Switch' overdosing at the very end
of the game with no possibility of escape.<P>
Anyway. Go to the eastern edge of the roof and cripple the two security
robots with EMP grenades. Then jump off the south side, using your legs.<P>
Kill everyone you meet and make your way to the west side, where the fuel tanks are.
There also a back door east into the building. Power up the generator, and then climb up
the tanks to pick over the two dead snipers.<BR>
Now climb along the fuel pipe and go up into the shadowy balcony. You'll get
75 free air miles, and two crates containing LAWs.<P>
Take one of the LAWs and use it to open the back door in an astonishing
display of overkill and decadence. Pick up the weapon you dropped to use
the LAW and go down and in through the (now vapourised) back door.<P>
Go into reception and choose the southern exit, to the lab. Jump over the
laserbeams using your Legs and slay the troopers. In the flooded lab,
find the security console and reprogram the gun turrets to kill in your name.<BR>
Pick up the augmentation and install Cloaking. Notice that by careful management
of the augmentations, we are able to have both Cloaking <I>and</I> Radar-Invisibility
(this is not normal) so you can theoretically be invisible to all life.<P>
Using one of the sofas, block the lower beam of the security grid and sneak
back under it.<P>
Go back to reception and into the northern hall, where an MiB and some of his mates are hanging out.
Kill them all (the box of Boom on a trolley offers some amusing
possibilities) and anyone else who Gets In The Way.<P>
Once this area is quiet, go back to the reception and dance around in front
of the camera until the alarm sounds. Outside, two commandos are watching
the cosmic rays instead of keeping watch. Shoot one in the back with a
pistol to annoy him and lead him into reception where he will be torn apart
by the gun turret. The other one has probably not noticed the murder of
his comrade so shoot him too and lead him to the turret. Make certain that
the alarm isn't about to stop before you go and fetch him, though.<P>
Outside, make sure you disabled the two neat security robots with EMP devices,
and blow up the ugly military robots with Heavenly Manna. Then go into the
comms building (but take your time or the occupants will murder you as a
reward for saving them) and blow up the lockers in the back room with a GEP.
Apply the upgrade to your cranial defences for some seriously cool stuff later on.<P>
Now do the tunnels. There's an augmentation upgrade on a dead Mechanic
in the flooded generator room. Apply it to regeneration or the recirculator.<P>
In the stores, you can find some rockets, and with a bit of trickery involving
your Legs and Arms and the bridge, you can also get one of the barrels of
Boom. However, when you try taking it up the ladder and out of the tunnels
it turns into a pillar of salt (it's worth doing this just to see that happen!)<P>
<center>
<table>
<tr><td>
<img src="deus/barrel2.jpg" TITLE="Before">
<td>
<img src="deus/barrel3.jpg" TITLE="After">
</table>
<P>
<I>The strange transmutation of the Barrel of Boom</I><P>
</center>
Now go into the control room, where Savage Gary is trying to make the
Universal Constructor software work on his mid-sixties Honeywell mainframe.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/honeywell.jpg"><P>
<I>The billion-dollar brain</I><P>
</center>
Fix the computer and something Really Bad happens. Now you must go to
the garage. Find Black Helicopter, who will be at the base entrance and
fly away.<P>
The garage is pretty trivial, so it's on to the Ocean Lab.<P>
<PRE>
(JCD has just attained Master level shotgun at the garage, and discovers
he can now take out Commandos with a single, well-aimed shot.
The following is short piece of reverie, bordering on madness:)
JCD: You made me too strong, Page! I am the rifle king! The shotgun messiah!
I shall conquer the world!
MJ12 Trooper: Who's out there??
JCD: THE MESSIAH!! (Blam!)
MJ12 Trooper: ..urk..
</PRE>
<H2>The Ocean Lab</H2>
First, we need a sub. Ignore the robots. Kill the charlie on patrol and
steal his keys. Wander around the base killing enemies until you get to
the URV access lift in Module 2. Go to the back side of the lift, where
there's a lockpick and some batteries in a pair of crates.<BR>
Now stand on the window for a fun little dance.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/dance.jpg"><P>
<I>The dancing room</I><P>
</center>
When you're done, go down the lift and program the turrets to kill in
your name. Now set off the alarm and have the guns shred the MJ12 people.<BR>
Ignore everyone else and hack the terminal by the Immoral mechanic. Open
the pod bay doors and drive off.<P>
The Lab itself is totally crocked. You will probably have to GEP a number
of security systems. In the ammo dump (locked door, apparently no key) you
will find some Manna, Rifle rounds and a few other goodies.<P>
You will have swim around in the greasel tanks now. If you see any, they
can be turned to soup with a LAM. Make your way to the construction
facility.<P>
To get into the crew areas, you'll need to steal a key from a huge Karkian
or two.
This will hurt.. I suggest using GEP or Manna to obliterate them.
Once
you've sorted out the karkians and the insane turrets, go down the lift
to the UC room. (There's a good book about UCs in the crew area)<P>
At about this point, Bob Page announces his intention to become God..
I want a piece of that.<BR>
Now, deactivate the security grid and you shouldn't have any problems with
the spiderbots. However, you will probably need to sling a round or two
of Manna From Heaven at the ultraspider.<P>
<H3>Universal Contractor</H3>
Go up to the UC, stopping on the way to relieve a dead MiB of his upgrade.
Apply it to anything.. I would suggest either Regeneration or Recirculation.<P>
Up the lift is a retracted bridge. We could just jump over the thing, but
there is a box of Boom that we need to have. You'll need to destroy the
turrets as well.. a scope-equipped GEP is handy for this kind of job.
Get the schematics and take the Boom down.<P>
Page will appear holographically so put the Boom down first. He laughs at you
and gives vague hints about your impending demise and the erasure of Vandenburg.<BR>
Take the Boom back up the lift to the crew module, where Walton Simons appears
in a Vision and starts making threatening speeches.<P>
Take the crate of Boom through the dark red tunnels and stop by the door. Simons is waiting outside.
He is very dangerous in combat, so we'll have to cheat.<P>
First, put the Boom down (gently) and select your Assault Rifle.
This is for preparation: make sure it is set to fire shots of Manna From Heaven
and not bullets. Once it's ready, put the gun away and pick up the Boom again.<P>
Save. Now switch on Recirculation, Legs and possibly Regeneration.<BR>
Open the door and go out slowly, facing right. As he speaks, you'll automatically throw the Boom at Simons.
It will maim him (and very possibly break your legs), but the best
bit is that he will be stunned, and runs about like a confused chicken.<P>
Before he recovers, whip out the Assault Rifle and kibble him (There isn't much good stuff on his body anyway).
Regenerate and shut your Legs down. You may need to go back to the UC lab to recharge.<P>
Then leave the labs, killing everyone who gets in the way. Up back to the
roof of the base, where Black Helicopter and Savage Gary are waiting for
you. Get the upgrade off Savage, and then fly away leaving him stranded on the roof.<P>
<HR>
<H2>The Temple of Siloh</H3>
First, you must get inside. You can't jump over the fence, so go around
until you find a guard hut. There are three troopers inside, gambling.
Gambling is a sin, so break one of the windows and throw a LAM into it.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/grenade.jpg"><P>
<I>Groo greets the troopers in his usual friendly manner</I><P>
</center>
Now grab all the goodies you can find (upstairs there is a third floor,
opened by the keypad). There is a walkway leading into the complex.
Go down the walkway and use your Legs to jump onto the building.
Kill any resistance and pillage it.<P>
There is also a building with a repairbot in. You have to jump onto the
building and go through the top entrance because the ground floor is blocked.
Go inside and recharge.<BR>
In the floor of the repair shed is a grating which leads down to the missile
centre. Use it.<P>
Go through the bulkhead doors, and find the one marked 'launch command'. Go inside.<BR>
Reprogram the missile launch control to nuke Area 51. We will ignore for
now the political impact of a million tons of intensely radioactive sand
raining down on Russia, China, Europe or the Middle-East, or poisoning the US coastlines.<P>
Now go back out through the bulkheads and find the one marked 'missile silo'.<P>
When you enter the tunnel, Page will taunt you again, so <B>don't</B> go in.<BR>
Instead, lean around the corner and using your sniper rifle, pick off the
Commandos and MiBs. When all four are dead, loot the corpses and enter the missile chamber.<P>
<I>"I'm a thousand years old, and in my time I have helped commit a million murders.."</I><BR> -- The Myrat-Sade<P>
On a higher floor, there is another MiB. Kill him and head for the highest
floor (6). Jump onto the railings and look down. You should see the yellow
of a cherry-picker with a man down there. Go around until you are just above him and
jump onto his head. Don't forget to switch on your legs during the fall or
you'll make a funny pattern on the floor.<P>
When you land, Strong Howard will, rather understandably, die. Page will curse you again.
Look around for any rockets or other goodies you want and go up the ladder.
Open the hatch and talk to Black Helicopter.<P>
<HR>
<H2>History is Bunk</H2>
<center>
<IMG SRC="deus/scorched.jpg"><P>
</center>
<I>Were you there to watch the Earth be scorched?<BR>
Did you stand beside the spectral torch?<BR>
Know the leaves of sorrow turn their face,<BR>
Scattered on the ashes of disgrace.</I><P>
-- Tarkus: Emerson Lake & Palmer<P>
<P>
Now we have turned a large tract of desert into radioactive glass, the
most sensible thing in the world is to land there and walk around in it.<P>
Snipe the sniper that Black Helicopter warns you about and head towards the
door of the tower he's standing in.<P>
Now we are well on the way to becoming the new messiah, an authentic Galilee miracle is
exactly what we need to demoralise Page.<BR>
Go to the tower and stand in front of the door. Activate your level IV aggressive
defence engine, and there will now be a white flash as the door explodes by
the power of your mind.<P>
Go upstairs and open the bunker door. Go to the smaller bunker with the satellite
dish and go downstairs. Get the Upgrade and any good stuff.<P>
An alternative method of entry is to go down the fan in one of the hangars.
Don't forget to blow up the fan blades first, or you'll be sporting the chutney look this summer.<P>
Take on the bunker. Exactly what you do depends on which path you took
to get in. Make your way to sector 3, using the holoprojectors as you find them.<BR>
From sector 3, go to the Aquinas Hub. Dowd will talk to you and Page will call him a senile old fool.<P>
Have a chat with Helios and it all comes clear..<P>
<P>
<I>Among the sins and crimes of Brother Michael, the one that seemed to
me most foul was, in short, that the aforementioned Minorite had
proclaimed that Saint Thomas Aquinas was not a saint nor did he enjoy
eternal salvation, but was, on the contrary, damned and in a state of
perdition!</I><BR>
-- The Name of the Rose<P>
<H2>Everybody wants to rule the world</H2>
You are offered four choices.<P>
<OL>
<LI>Kill Page, join the Illuminati and rule the world in secret.
<LI>Blow up the lab, destroy the world infrastructure and collapse civilisation, beginning a new dark age.
<LI>Merge with Helios and become the Holy Trinity. A perfect blend of machine
and man to rule the world with logic, unfettered by greed and ambition.
<LI>Do nothing, and allow Bob Page to immanentize the eschaton. This is Bad and presumably what happens if you die.
</OL>
Option 2 is right out.. this IS the worst suggestion Tong ever gives you.
You're augmented; without 21st century technology you probably won't last another decade. Also this
path would have dire consequences for the Lesser Black Helicopter population,
which require technology to feed and human intervention as part of their
reproductive process.<P>
Option 1 is quite tempting, but it requires a bit more work. Dowd, Everett,
DeBeers and company will have to be eliminated, for instance.
And what fun is ruling the world if nobody knows about it?<P>
It has to be the third option.. Apotheosis!<P>
Anyway. Go back upstairs and hide in the alcoves that the robots come
out of. Cower there until everyone else is dead (your Eyes should tell you)
and then go south. There are more enemies out there, so wait until you
start to catch a little fire and then go back into the hidey-hole. Wait
for the MiB to explode.<P>
Jump across the gorge to get some more rockets if you need them, and
kill the ultraspider. Now head to sector 4.<P>
<H2>Red Sector A</H3>
Make your way in, and talk to Page. Go down to the lowest floor, and
switch off the UC (use a GEP to enter the control room). Kill off all
the fauna and head to the NW control room.<P>
Go into the coolant pump room. Page will lose control utterly and give a most
remarkable speech. Helios will tell you not to go in there. Now we've
heard Page's speech, go to the NE room, which leads to the routing station.<P>
Switch on the stuff as per Helios' instructions. Page will turn apoplectic.<P>
Ignore him and go back to the booth in Sector 3: it's Jesus Time.<BR>
Soon you will have power-over-all, and Bob Page will have bugger-all.<BR>
As a cyborg, you are destined to rule the world in wisdom and benevolence..<P>
Naah. Black Helicopter, take me to Washington. I have an accession speech to make to my subjects.<P>
<center>
<img src="deus/jesus.jpg" TITLE="Assembled with The Gimp"><P>
</center>
<HR>
<H3>Bits and Bobs</H3>
<pre>
IM: But you've lost one of your legs!
JM: I don't care, I've got another! I *haven't* got another bomb!
UN: We had to execute the prisoners. They wouldn't talk.
JCD: Somebody told me that before. I destroyed their soul.
MJ12: I could have sworn...
Groo: You will!
JM: (screaming at the lift doors) Open, Mother____er!!!
IM: Open <I>Sesame</I>. The word 'Mother____er' does not appear in the Arabian Nights.
JM: I set fire to the rat, and then the robots killed me..
JM: Two legs good! No legs bad!
</pre>
<H3>Music that means something:</H3>
"See the gun, pick it up, and all day long you'll have good luck." (KMFDM)<P>
"Is this the kind of work you'd like to do?" (Front-242)<P>
"Sickness to insanity.. Prayer to profanity..." (Rush)<P>
"I'm a bomb set off without warning.." (Spock's Beard)<P>
"Blood is black in the moonlight.." (Bal-Sagoth)<P>
"Kill everything. Kill everything. Bomb the living bejeepers out of those forces." (KMFDM)<P>
"I'll give you the names of those you must kill; all must die with their children." (Genesis)<P>
<HR>
Made with Midnight Commander!<P>
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# Sunglasses At Night
(Deus Ex gets turned inside-out by DOUG the Eagle)
*They augmented his body. But not his mind.*
Thanks to Saracoth/Silent, for suggesting some neat improvements and contributing the 'Saint Paul - Wrath of God' section.
## Subsections
[The Camera Eye](deus2.htm) - Screenshots to make your mind water
[Things Never Seen](deus3.htm) - Deus Ex gone horribly, horribly wrong
[The Fourth Coming](deus4.htm) - Yet more weird and wonderful stuff
[Human Revolution No.9](dxhr.htm) - How I learned to stop whinging and love being a cyborg
---
## Prologue
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
```
A modern day warrior, Mean mean stride
Today's Tom Sawyer, Mean mean pride.
. . . .
No, his mind is not for rent
To any God or government
Always hopeful yet discontent
He knows changes aren't permanant
(But change is)
```
| |
It is the early 2050s and everything sucks. Plague, famine and mega-corporations are rife.
The solution is the Augmented soldier, human tissue boosted with nanonic devices
into a superhuman being.
That's the theory, and if you believe that, you probably also believe that
Windows cannot crash, the Government always knows best and the Moon landings are fake.
What Page Industries and VersaLife haven't realised is that Augmentation
has serious psychological side-effects. None of the Augmented in the game
can be considered truly normal.
In the case of Paul Denton, the result is cowardice, paranoia and confusion about which side he's on.
Page and Simons have an irresitable urge to take over the world, in true
'Pinky and the Brain' style. Anna and Hermann have a fetishistic dress sense and no morals.
For JC, the effect is nothing short of a full-blown psychosis, as we shall soon see!
## Liberty, Death and the Tower of Babel
Hokay. First thing, choose **Medium** difficulty because it's necessary
for some of the effects in the walkthrough to work as presented.
Now set up your character. I called mine 'Groo' after the idiot warrior
invented by Serge Aragones and Mark Evanier. Note that a single word is best..
if you call him something like 'The Reverend', the game will call him 'The'
more than half the time.
You can really cock up the skill points at this stage by teaching him
useless junk such as swimming. Medicine is only partly useful.
For the purposes of the walkthrough, un-learn Pistols and get yourself
trained in sniper rifles and computers. Sniping is very useful and rewarding,
and computer skills will allow you to perform new tasks, such as stealing money from ATMs.
Choose just these two, because you get to keep the leftover skill points and
we will need those after the first mission.
Start up and talk to Paul. He will offer you three choices of weapon -
a tranquiliser, a sniper rifle and a GEP launcher.
Paul, being a very pacifistic killing machine, prefers the tranquiliser.
If you ask for the sniper rifle he becomes irritable and says that you can't just go round killing people.
The first two weapons we can easily get off the dead terrorists, so ask
for the rocket launcher. Interestingly, Paul approves of this.. the idea
that we are going to use it on *people* has obviously not entered into his darkest dream.
As soon as you try to leave the dock, the mission creep starts. Now it's *kill everything*.
Go up the steps and dance around in front of the first two terrorists.
They will get quite angry, so lead them down towards the robot, which will obediently slay them for you.
Frisk the terrorists and the dead trooper.
There are a number of ways to handle this mission. For entertainment value,
you can build a Tower of Babel out of crates, to get onto the perimeter wall.
If you then take a crate of TNT (referred to as 'Boom' throughout) and creep around
the wall, you can throw it on the unsuspecting Charlies below. Hours of fun, or your money back!
However. First thing, we need a supply of medical attention. To your left
by the dock entrance is a large, flat crate thing with a supply box on top.
If you examine the crate carefully, you will find a door. Take one of the
crates of Boom and throw it *carefully* at the door, thus opening it
in the most violent way possible. (Try to avoid killing the pigeons, otherwise
you will have to self-terminate in accordance with directive 90098.)
Get yourself repaired and move on.
Take the clockwise circuit around the statue, and break some terrorist heads
using the crowbar, or point-blank with the pistol. Heal yourself up with
the robot after each assault, and keep searching for goodies.
Around the entrance to the statue complex, you should find a guy with a
sniper rifle. When you have this, return to the medical robot.
Now find the other crate of Boom and head around anti-clockwise, clutching
the Boom and crouching down. This will slow you up a bit, but it will
prevent them seeing you (the sight of a TNT crate moving around does not
provoke suspicion) until the last minute, when you throw the crate at
them and move back FAST!
Assuming *you're* not dead, go back to the robot and get your legs glued on
again. There should be two more terrorists hanging around. Shoot them once
or run up to them, and lead them towards a friend of yours in the North-East.
When they're dead, go towards the second dock. Don't bother with Filben,
we're after the good stuff. Shoot the crate of Boom on the left, killing
the NSF trooper, and then the barrel of Boom on the right, splashing the
Thug. Search the crates and you should find some rifle shots and GEP rockets.
If you're in poor health, go back to the medical robot. Otherwise, go
down into the bunker and fix the power unit. Kill the terrorist and
pick up all the weapon mods. Boost the capacity of the rifle, and fix
the laser sight to the crossbow (you should have one by now) for a pleasing
combination of high and low technology.
### Dogfood at the Core
Ensure you are in tip-top condition before proceeding. The next step is
to use the ready-made Tower of Babel to get up to the statue complex.
Beat up all the terrorists on the first few decks with the crowbar and take
a crate of Boom up to the core. You may need to go down and get healed
again before trying this, but find the two terrorists who're discussing
the shipping and throw the Boom at them, to turn them into dogfood.
*Just look at all that meaty goodness!*
Now go into the core and climb up, slaying anyone in your path by the
most expedient means. Forget about that prick Gunther.
Climb up to where the chief terrorist is waiting, and grab the whisky.
Drink it so your vision blurs and then talk to him. Use the peaceable option and grab the Augmentation.
Now search the statue complex. You should be able to find at least two LAMs,
a bunch of ammo, lockpicks, multitools etc.
Now go to the Torch chamber, where there should be a box of Boom lying around.
Open the door and then grab the box of TNT.
If you do this in reverse order, JC will drop the box and the last thing
you hear is one of the UN troops saying 'What the Hell happened?'
Take the Box of Delights to Paul who is waiting for you by the UNATCO base.
As soon as he speaks you will throw it at him. Oh no.. your legs have come off
again. Interestingly, you can still stand up when talking to people.
Another thing to note is that no-one bats an eyelid at your obviously critical
injuries (and Alex even keeps badgering you if you take too long to crawl in to work).
I later found that if you lose both your legs, you're supposed to
self-terminate in accordance with directive 90099.. oops, we've broken the rules already.
### Home, sweet home
Crawl to Level Two on your knees. Talk to Manderley and and then go to the
medical to get your feet reattached. Use the Augmentation Module and select
Microfibral Muscle for greater lifting power.
Now root around the place, stealing any gadgets that looks useful. Take
Dr. Reyes' key, and examine Alex's room in minute detail. The floor has
a secret cavity with some hot shit in it. I believe there is an accuracy modification; use this on the Rifle.
Now get your second mission up and running. As you leave, steal the sergeant's
chocolate bar ("You're kidding around, right?") which will come in handy later.
Find a plant pot and carry it with you to the dock. Climb aboard the boat.
If you have a spare crate of Boom, you can throw it at Corporal Collins,
which will turn him into scraps for the seagull. Mysteriously he appears to
come back to life when you return to base after the NYC mission.
---
## De-stroy, kill ALL ~~Hippies~~ Terrorists
Upgrade yourself to support Advanced riflery and follow Navarre to Castle Clinton.
Discretion is the better part of valour, so when you go in, crouch down and
creep around the perimeter in a clockwise fashion, until Navarre and the
troopers have killed everyone for you.
Give the stolen chocolate bar to the kid and enter the code 666 into the keypad.
You should see a terrorist through the door. Jump around to get him excited
and pan his head in with the crowbar when he comes close. Wait for the
alarm to expire.
Now, avoiding the sullen gaze of the cameras, go downstairs and look for the
barrel of Ambrosia creamed rice pudding, which is the only known antidote to
the plague. Finding the Ambrosia is cool, but there's something even
better nearby. Switch on your Augmentation and pick up one of the grey
barrels full of hot death.
Now let us use a little bug. Face the wall so you can't drop the barrel and
switch off your Augmentation. You're still holding the barrel of doom, but
you won't be using any power to do so! (System Shock 1 F1.5S had similar
'problems')
Take the barrel upstairs, and place it by the locked door, like so.
*Take care when placing this one!*
Very carefully, shoot the barrel and immediately dive left to avoid amputation.
Steal the rockets and subvert the computer systems. Take the augmentation canister (bullet-proofing) and apply it at the next opportune moment.
Now, take your crowbar and engage in a killing spree. Smash all the terrorists
in the head and leave through the back door. Go through the main square
and get some drugs off the eagle.
You will probably find a bum who sings. When this gets on your nerves,
you can make him shut up and go away by showing him your sniper rifle.
Just wield it.. the mere threat of impending doom will make him scream and run away.
Attack the subway by means of the vents, using the hatch nearby the entrance.
When everyone's dead (except the hostages.. we don't want the lovely 'Jesus, JC!' message)
pick up a couple of Forties (don't drink them) and one of the spare crates of Boom. Take this with you on the train.
Before you go, it is definitely worth stashing the crates of Boom into the
ventilation shafts.. if they are left alone, the UNATCO roadies will take
them away. If you hide them, they won't be able to find them.
Two crates of Boom are keyed to the lasergrid. If both these are destroyed,
the lasergrid should then be safe.
```
The station is probably the best place in the mission to end it all if you
feel so inclined.
One particularly ornate suicide involved J.C. 'The Reverend' Denton,
crawling back from Hell's Kitchen with a LAW that he claimed to have
found in the sewers, and no legs.
The LAW was apparently used to perform a preliminary cleansing of the
station, thereby removing all the terrorist bodies, bar one that was
outside the blast range. When this failed to cleanse Denton also, he
appears to have stacked a pile of about four TNT crates and the sole
remaining terrorist corpse next to the laser grid.. no mean feat
considering his 2-foot stature at this point.
Surviving UNATCO troops stationed above ground claim to have heard
Denton singing the first verse of 'Jerusalem' immediately before the
explosion, which also killed the two troopers who ran downstairs to
investigate.
```
## Black Helicopters R Us
Talk to Paul (putting the Boom down first) and hack the ATMs. Then go to the 'Ton hotel
and kill the NSF hostage-takers. Go into Paul's room and strip it of all goodies.
Now, go around scrounging goodies and stuff wherever you can find them.
You might want to visit Smuggler but you'll have to go through the back way
if you do. Smuggler will send you on a sacred quest to the sewers if
you talk to him, but this is purely optional.
In the Underworld, find the one they call 'Pilot'. It will require some alcohol,
which must be cold.
We're on a tight budget, so don't purchase any from the bar. Instead, loot
the pub and get two fire extinguishers.
```
In shame, I do hereby recant this manoeuver. I read about it on some other website, tried to make it work,
but didn't have time to check it fully before 'going to press'.
They say all legends have a grain of truth, though - if you can make it work, let me know how ;-)
```
Extinguish the Forties and give them to Pilot. The drink must be extinguished
in a private room (e.g. the toilets) because Pilot will try to kill you
if it sees what you're doing.
```
Long before Ike or Dade have even been introduced, Jock and SH-187
have already merged to become Black Helicopter, and will never be seen
separately again. Like Daedalus, the face of Jock in your communicator
is simple video trickery.
If you don't believe me, look up John Gault in the voice credits.
```
When you're ready to take on the NSF, go back to the subway and take
the crate of Boom into the Oswald building. Use it to destroy the door
and take the augmentation upgrade. Save it for later, it will be most useful
when you get the Legs upgrade.
(Speaking of which, there's one in the NSF offices below the generator).
Now approach the generator by whatever means you see fit. There are lots
of alternative ways to get to it, and to destroy it. My personal favorite
is to hack into its systems and shut down the cooling units.
When this is done, go to the roof, where you should meet 'Black Helicopter'.
*Don't be afraid.. I've always wanted a pet like you.*
Back at UNATCO, get patched up and talk to Manderley. He'll tell you that Paul's been
made redundant and you have to take his place.
Scrounge the place for goodies again, not forgetting the secret cavity under Alex's floor.
Talk to Carter to get some weapons. Apply the accuracy mod to the Sniper Rifle and then go out to meet Black Helicopter.
Back at the park, get some more drugs from the eagle and head towards the subway.
If you did the Smuggler bit, talk to the people outside the station and you should
get the code. Otherwise you'll have to pay Filben for it.
Find the mad bum who keeps burbling about God and Jesus and buy the rounds
from him if you can afford it.
Go down the phone booth and talk to Charlie, one of the two people in
a tan jacket. He tells you to fix the water, but you need to clear the
passageway first. Since you have a GEP launcher, this is easy.
Now go into the gents and find the mad junkie with the bomb and exchange it for some drugs.
Now go up to the Rooks floor and scrounge any goodies you can find. There should be several
multitools at least.
Now go into the ladies and open the secret door with the code that Charlie gives you when you
fix the water.
You are now in NSF territory, so be prepared to break a lot of heads. Once
the place is bare of immediate foes, talk to the people. Then go and see
the NSF accountant in the south and take his key.
## See you in the sewer
Go to the bog, which is locked. Unlock it and go through.
Take the left passage. For dealing with the lasergrids, I suggest the
tried-and-tested technique of throwing a small metal crate or binbag into
the lowest beam, and then waiting for the alarm to cease.
Then you can crawl through the gap created by the obstruction.
*I tell you what I'm gonna do,
Gonna make love to a water rat or two
And breed a family*
Bring another crate along and climb up the pipe. Throw the crate over the
wall because we are going to need it. Sneak past the NSF guy and stun him,
or kill him if he sees you first. Take the key and unlock the door.
Take all the small metal crates you have (there should be four) into this
room. There's a full-height lasergrid blocking your exit. Using your Arms,
pick up a medium-sized crate and put it in front of the beams. Hide, to
avoid perforation.
The repeat the process with the other medium crate. To get it on top of the
first one, and cover up the beams, you will need to stand on one of the
small crates before picking up the large one, to gain enough height.
Now, reach behind the crates and push the button to raise the gangplank.
This is where it gets fiddly. The objective is to take the very valuable
crate of Boom across the water so we can use it. There are two suspended
walkways which collapse when you stand on them, and if you fall in the
water you will not be able to escape (unless you gave him Super-Swimming
powers).
Take the crate of Boom first, and walk to the very edge of the gangplank.
Crouch down, and throw it just far enough that it lands on the second platform.
If you don't crouch, or you try and throw it too far it will kill you. You may need to
do this several times, and it is probably best to quicksave after it has been placed.
Now, take the four small crates and throw them onto the platform as well.
Try and make them stack, so you have two piles of two crates, plus the Boom, like so:
Jump onto one of the crates, and try not to cross the centre-line so the
platform doesn't collapse. If possible, move the Boom further forward (East).
Now move around the crates so that you cross the centre-line and the platform
collapses. All the crates will remain in the air.
Jump down onto the frame of the platform. Reach out, and transfer the crates
(and the Boom) to the second platform. Save.
The trouble with the second platform is that it swivels instead of swinging
downwards, and the crates will move around oddly. What you will need to
do is try to get onto the second platform without collapsing it, and
then move the Boom so it is next to the furthest left (Northeast) strut, which
is the one that platform is going to swivel around.
*You can change the laws of physics*
You will have to run this several times to get it to work. If you are very
lucky (or highly skilled at throwing Boom around) you may just be able to throw
the Boom on to the last platform (which doesn't collapse) from the second
platform before it collapses, but you'll have a real job.
Once you have the Boom safely over the river, save, and leave it where it is
for the moment. Go through the door, and defuse or destroy the EMP grenade. Open the door, and
then go back to get the Boom.
Take the Boom past the two robots (the holes in the wall are probably your best bet) and
leave it in the machine room until we need it later on.
## A bad day at the helipad
Take the east wing first. Kill everyone you meet and keep the alarm running
to bring them on. When no-one else is coming to assail you, shoot the windows
leading to the helipad and keep the alarm going. When you're satisfied that
no-one else is coming yet, go upstairs in the east wing.
Stand in front of the camera and smile. Shoot a few rounds of pool, get something to eat and take a long drink from the water cooler.
Take a plant and throw it onto the pool table to see something unusual. Trying this with a crate
of Boom has to be one of the most disturbing things you'll ever see.
Now take the west wing. First root through the offices. Keys are for poofs,
so open the locked door upstairs by shooting at it. When the guy comes
out to see what's going down, kill or stun him, thereby leaving the door open.
Open the bookshelf up and get the augmentation upgrade. Save it for later,
along with the other one. Apply the range mod to your rifle.
Now it's time to use the Boom. Go back and get it. Place the crate of
Boom by the cupboard on the top floor of the west wing. (It provides access
to the roof). Creep round the side and aim at the crate with your pistol.
Let the TNT speak!
But do try to avoid losing a leg.
Go into the control room again and get the LAW, and shut down the security systems while you're at it.
You will have to drop the GEP launcher temporarily to carry the LAW.
Avoiding the guy on the roof, fire towards the north to wake up the guy on
the catwalk. When he comes close, fire the LAW at the ceiling (NOT the
catwalk!) and you'll be rewarded by a rain of little red wet bits.
Deal with the other guy by shooting him once and then climbing up the
ladder to the catwalk. Wait until he gets bored, and then shoot him up
until he panics and runs. Then, when he runs up the skylight, shoot the
glass so he falls and makes a mess all over the barrel of Ambrosia.
Now go back to the control room at retrieve your GEP launcher.
Finally, enter the helipad itself. Ignore Green Helicopter.
If you want to scrounge, do so now (but there may still be some NSF lurking in the shadows).
Exit to the airfield.
The airfield is pretty straightforward. First, locate all the crappy little robots
and destroy them by shooting the barrels of Boom helpfully located next to their
patrol routes as they go past. One or two of these may need the Boom to be shifted
slightly.
Once it's clear, go into the boathouse and slay anything that moves.
Find the ambrosia, and then head to to the East gate. To open the gate,
gently hit the NSF guy next to it with the crowbar. He will then try to run
through the gate, opening it for you. Kill or stun him and proceed.
Alternatively, if you hit him too hard, get some crates of the right size
and place them by the gate.. you can squeeze through from the correct height.
In the barracks, place a LAM next to the alarm and get the people excited.
Slay the survivors and go upstairs. Break open the door upstairs and loot
it. A fuel drum would be handy for this, but it may present difficulties.
If you can, use a GEP round (they are small, tight-focussed explosions, idea for this) as
there are some more rockets in a truck inside the hangar.
## The LAM lies down on broadway
Now open the walkway to the hangar and go through. Talk to the airliner and board Paul. Or is it the other way round?
Inside, find the nanokey and go to the locked door where Lebedev is waiting.
In principle there are two ways we can play this, depending on whether you
want to be a Good Little Robot(tm), but if we combine the best parts of
both, we can have our cake and eat it, too.
Go through the doors and creep towards Lebedev. Do not talk to him yet:
we are first going to unhinge the game.
For this to work, you must have started the game in MEDIUM difficulty, as I
suggested at the start. You must also be TRAINED in demolition, or the
delicate balance of forces necessary for the effect to work will be disrupted.
If you are untrained (and following the walkthrough so far, you should be)
get yourself trained in demolition right now.
Stand against the southern facing south: Lebedev should be directly to
your right, and a window should be to your left. Near the floor of the
southern wall there should be a vent. Attach a proximity device to the
wall above the vent. Do not crouch to do this.. the device must be
attached at your normal height.
*Place the device exactly as shown..*
If you have any doubts about using explosives aboard 747, dispel them.
This airliner is the late 2040s revision made by General Products and is
totally indestructable (even the tyres).
The self-healing subsystems in the fabric of the airframe will automatically
tidy up everything, even the burn-marks and juice when Anna gets blown to
kibble.
*"How can you hope to challenge a perfect, immortal machine?"*
Now, squeeze yourself into the NorthWest corner and click on Lebedev.
After the first conversation, look at the L.A.M. on the wall.
Anna will appear, the mine will go off and she should howl and vanish.
There should not be any little bits of meat on the floor, but something
***unearthly*** will happen instead.
Talk to Lebedev again and Anna's ghost should complain. Go through the
entire conversation with Lebedev and then go into the north washroom
where the ghost of Anna should be.
Shoot the ghost a couple of times and it will explode violently, much to
the chargrin of Alex. Fortunately he is the nice subversive type and erases
this bizarre event from the records.
*"Don't you ever \_\_\_\_ing die?!?"*
### Hints
If you're having difficulty with the ghost effect, this advice from
Saracoth may help:
"I got her to ghost twice in a row this way: place a LAM on the vent,
but to cause the explosion earlier, place another LAM on the window on
the wall nearby (still tested using Trained demolitions and Medium difficulty).
Hug the wall on your right as you approach Lebedev. When you reach the
corner, talk to him. You may then face the two LAMs and watch as Anna
approaches, screams, and turns into Coward the Frightened Ghost.
Or not look at all, since you couldn't care less whether she lives or dies.
"
Now, for Lebedev. Talk to him and get all the info from him. Then shoot
him once with the Tranquiliser dart and wait for him to drop. You will have
achieved your primary goal, and Manderley will be well pleased.
But Lebedev is still alive, if not exactly well. Pick up his unconscious
form and carry it with you back to UNATCO.
Ignore the Augmentation Canister in 747's hold. This contains Bullet-proofing,
but we're going to get something even better later on.
Scour the land for any cool stuff such as ammunition and weapon mods.
Look out for: The accuracy mod in the hangar truck, the Clip mod in the power room by the helipad,
and the recoil mod in the Northeast watchtower. Also, the evil mechanic tending 747 will fence you another recoil mod
that he stole.
I suggest: accuracy mods and clip extensions go to the sniper rifle, and recoil mods go to the assault rifle if
you have one. When you get a silencer, attach it to the sniper rifle ASAP.
Once you're done, find Jock The Helicopter and go home. Don't talk to Gunther.
---
## UNATCO
Back at UNATCO, break into Dr. Reyes' cupboard and take the Legs augmentation
(unless you already took the NSF one).
This will give you the ability to perform jumps similar to those in *The Matrix*,
or the Alan Dean Foster novel, *The i Inside*. It is almost certainly one
of the most fun and useful upgrades in the entire game.
You should by now have two upgrade canisters: apply both to the Legs.
Talk to Manderley and eat his chocolate bar, which can provoke some
amusing responses.
Scavenge anything useful you can find (there should be a recoil mod for your Assault rifle under your desk) and
visit Carter.
Finally, go back to Black Helicopter, who has also become subversive.
If you drugged Lebedev, take him along too for the ride.
## Back in New York City
Visit Paul. If you brought Lebedev with you, dump him on the balcony outside
for safekeeping. Go to the NSF headquarters and break into the computer room.
Once you've opened the hatch, take the crate of Boom nearby down the ladder
with you and use it to blow the locked door.
Once the poison has dispersed, open the three automatic doors by hacking
the security terminal, and go through until you come to the lasergrid.
There should be a small metal crate nearby. Pick this up and throw it
into the lasergrid so it blocks the lowest beam. Run away and wait for
the alarm to cease. There should now be a gap in the beam for you to crawl
under. Take a crate of Boom and do this.
*Block the beam and hide*
At the corner of the tunnel are two gun turrets in little cupboards.
Place the Boom in the corner so it's in front of both of them.
Crawl back under the beam and shoot the Boom. Dive out of the way to avoid
the shockwave or you'll lose a limb.
*Blow the Boom and run away*
Now both gun turrets should be destroyed, and also the lasergrids. Take
the remaining crate of Boom and go through to the safe where the datacube
is. Blow it.
Take the accuracy mod and attach it to your rifle; it should be around 97%
accurate now. Root around for any other goodies and then read the two
datacubes.
*Opening safes for fun and profit*
Back down the corridor is a stack of four(!) crates of Boom. Take these and
move them, up one by one to street level using the back exit. Once they
are all in the street, transfer them to the Hell's Kitchen map.. we are
going to take them up to Paul's room in the 'ton hotel.
Go back to Paul and if the option is given, tell him you won't send the message. Otherwise just say 'bye and leave.
Now go down the subway to escape, the code of which is 6282. Some rather unusual stuff will now happen.
First, Gunther will run up to you and stand there like a lemon. He cannot speak, so ignore him.
Talk to the guards, who are standing around like wooden dolls, and pet some of the security robots.
DO NOT enter any of the huts or everything will come to life and kill you.
There is nothing for you here, so go back down to the subway and take the train.
Owing to the magical nature of the New York rail service, you should find yourself
on the *roof* of the Hilton. What a trip! Go back down to Paul, who will
tell you to send the signal again. Head back to the NSF HQ.
Taking a gun, shoot the barrels of Boom on the lower level. This may
erase the hapless repairbot, but it will also poison many humans and
thereby reduce the amount of work we have to do later on.
If there are any remaining crates of Boom on the ground level,
take them somewhere safe *before* setting off the barrels.. it can prove
useful later ;-)
Go up to the top floor and barricade the stairs with a huge metal crate.
(This will require your Arms). When the guy says he will report you,
shoot him in the head with the rifle and jump past the barricade with your
Legs. Kill the two on the top floor by any means you see fit and throw
their bodies off the roof, to improve the morale of the folks below.
Now go back to the barricade. You should have several troopers, in a
perfect configuration for a single GEP round to blow them all to kuck. If not,
kill them individually and make your way downstairs, floor by floor.
Use the poison provided to eradicate all life in the area.
When this is done and there is *no-one* left alive, go back to the
top floor and send the signal. Now we must rescue Paul; this takes a lot
of effort, and the game will try very hard to stop you, even 'cheating'.
Go to the Mellotron Hotel and in through the fire escape window.
Put Lebedev on the bed and transfer all the Boom into the kitchen.
Save now, because things will get pretty hairy. Do NOT talk to Paul,
and keep well away from him, because it will all go to shit when he speaks.
Unlock or smash open his apartment door with a GEP rocket and walk around the 'Tron hotel.
Find Jojo and shoot him in the back with the pistol at close range. Upon seeing
you he will utter the understatement of his life ("Oh, you bad.. Aagh!")
Now it's time to kick ass.
---
## Saint Paul - The Wrath of God
*(Written by Saracoth, and presented using Illuminati chronology)*
### Verwirrung - Chaos
"Just look at how much faith they put in the skills of you and Paul:
an initial strike force of 3 MIBs and 3 UNATCO. Just in case you defeat
all them, they assume you'll escape through the front door, so they have a
sniper ready for when you go down the stairs.
His first shot will probably kill or cripple one of you, and he may get
off a second. At the bottom of the stairs are three troopers to keep
you occupied while two more sneak up from behind.
"At the next set of stairs are four guys to hold the exit. And if you make
it past this force of ten, there's four more troopers waiting further
down the hall, ready to grind the tenderized meat that your bodies now
consist of and inject your remains into sausage skins.
*Three troopers to distract you*
*While two more troopers sneak up on you*
*And four more troopers turn the pair of you into dogmeat*
"A full frontal assault is nearly suicide. Hit and run tactics won't work,
since there's no where to run to. What does that leave? Stealth - the element of surprise!
But wait, aren't they here to surprise *you*? Poor mortal fools... daring
to challenge a god. We'll ambush *them* for this impudence!
"Is such a thing possible? A one-man ambush, almost instantly wiping out
an assault force of 20 spread throughout an entire building?
You bet, if you've been collecting Boom from the NSF headquarters.
Beyond the four already listed in the walkthrough, there are also two
crates of Boom in the main areas of various floors (one under the stairs
on a higher level, and one on the ground floor, which you hopefully shipped
out prior to detonating the barrels).
"Given that there are two different places with Rockets in the complex, I'll
assume that the GEP gun will replace using these. That's a total of six Boom
boxes. If you collected these, you can rest assured that not only will your
soon-to-be-sainted brother survive, but that word of your (un)righteous might
will spread throughout the world.
"
### Zweitract - Discord
"It might help to know their attack pattern. Unmolested by you, the pattern
is as follows:
"From the group of two MIBs, the one closer to the wall where Paul's front
door is will run first. A short while later (5 seconds), the other two
MIBs follow, stopping briefly outside the door. When the battle begins,
they continue on, and the three UNATCO boys run after.
"Going by this, it appears that most troops simply stand still, waiting
as backup.
That's their *plan* anyway. While they stand still for the dialogue
with Paul, it doesn't take long for the LAMs to go off, so rush through it.
"The MIBs are apparently immune to attempts at ambushing and 'Boombytrapping',
so the sooner the conversation ends the better, since they will improvise
and attack sooner than planned once they realize that their allies have been
transformed into kibble.
"Since we can't take any Boom with us to the next mission, LAMs should be
conserved while Boom must be utilized now.
Very important note: Kill the vacuum cleaner!
It *will* set off the LAMs. Repeatedly stamping on it is fine.
"
### Unordnung - Confusion
Departing from Saracoth's original plan for a moment, this is the arrangement
I used which took three LAMs and five crates of Boom:
Firstly, the Death Sniper. In the shot below, he'll appear by the plant
but there are a number of friends with him. If we place the LAM on the
opposite side of the pillar to the Sniper, it will still pulp him, but it
will also set off the Boom and annihilate his companions.
*"I'll wait for Denton here, right by this neat little flashing th-"*
Next, we must take care of the MIB's backup. This is easy.. a single LAM will
erase them all since they appear in a tight cluster.
Place it by the door next to Paul's, the one just opposite the stairs.
*This is the view from the top of stairwell*
"The four men nearest the front door can easily be taken out by a LAM in
combination with a Boom. Place the LAM slightly to the right of the vertical
light that one of the troopers will stand next to. The crate should go close
to the middle of the hall, nearer to the ATM by a floor tile or two."
*This little rig will purify the entire hallway*
"The lobby will utilize one LAM, but the remaining three Booms. Substitute
missing Booms with more LAMs, as needed."
Saracoth placed his LAM on the small flight of stairs leading from the entrance.
In my experiments (codenamed 'Project Ecstasy') the LAM was placed on one of
the central pillars.. it seems to work pretty well either way.
"Also place a Boom just a ways past the bottom of the stairs. Continue
walking away from the stairs and place a second Boom near the column on your
right, in line of sight of the first Boom and close enough to be affected by
it and to gib the two UNATCO that will appear near the back of the stairs."
"The third Boom will be in line-of-sight of the second, closer to the office.
For best effect, make sure that each Boom is just in range to get blown up
by the previous one, to ensure that the UNATCO get blown away.
"
*"We'll do away with your kind!"*
### Beamtenherrschaft - Bureaucracy
The best way to find the optimum distance that Boom can be placed in order to
chain properly is by prototyping.
Set up your rig and save. Then, hide somewhere relatively safe and run
the prototype by shooting the LAM with the sniper rifle to see if you'll
get the desired effect, before reloading the game and adjusting the
rig as necessary.
An added bonus is Gilbert Renton's behaviour when you try to demolish his
hotel through a series of controlled explosions.
*Activating the lobby prototype*
Now, back to Saracoth:
"That just leaves the MIBs, and we want to delay them as long as possible
(but still rushing through the conversation with Paul, since this most
certainly will *not* delay them).
"Use Paul's couch as one line of defense. Keep it inside the room, and
maintain a respectable distance from the door, which will destroy virtually
anything in the process of opening or closing.
"The trash can from the hall and Paul's chair will be the second line of defense."
### Grummet - Aftermath
"Ready your weapon of choice, speak with Paul, and slam spacebar
like a madman. The screen will go and stay white for a very long time as
the effects of your omnipotence are felt by the fleshlings throughout the building.
"However, you want to toy with the heretic MIBs, who commit sacrilege by
daring to think their augmentations make them a match for you. Paul will
bear witness of your glory to all inhabitants of the earth,
for ever and ever, Amen.
"Fire a GEP round into their midst when they gather at the door. Between
that and the assumed explosion of at least one of them dying, if any of
them survive they will be in sufficient awe of your (un)holiness to run
from you. But you cannot deal lightly with such false prophets, so any
surviving MIB should get a round of 30.06 between their eyes.
You may now escort Saint Paul, annointed in blood, to the front door."
### Hints and stuff
* Be free with your GEPs. Don't worry about hitting Paul, *you*
can't kill him.
In fact, I have found it quite effective to kill nearby
enemies by bouncing GEPs off Paul, thereby cooking his assailants.
* Don't forget - leave the 'Tron Hotel through the **front door**. This is absolutely critical!
If you go out the window Paul will mysteriously die, which we do
*not* want to happen.
If you have something on the
balcony that you need to retrieve, you'll have to take the long way round.
* When you kill the MIBs as they burst into the apartment, Paul has a tendency
to utter bizarre comments such as 'That wasn't funny!' or 'Quit screwing around!'
* An alternative way to perform the 'rescue' is to lock yourself in Paul's cupboard
for a few minutes while he goes around slaughtering everyone, and then quietly sneak out the front door.
### Now what?
Once Paul is safely on his way, go back to the flat and raid the cupboard.
You should find another augmentation upgrade. Apply it to your legs and you
should now have full-fledged, Class IV Legs.
Once you've succeeded, go back up the fire escape to pick up Lebedev. Climb
up on to the top of the hotel and walk off into space to end it all.
Do not use explosives or Lebedev will get broken.
If you are not burdened with Lebedev, attach two or more LAMs to a nearby wall and
use a crowbar on them, for something that everyone should try at least once.
---
## ?????
Now you are in jail (even if your body was diced into red chunks by the LAMs!).
All your posessions have been taken.. except Lebedev!
```
Face one of the mirrors, and keep tapping 'X' (crouch) approximately
five times a second. If you sidestep left and right, JC will do a
Silly Walk (one of the really clever ones where his feet don't move).
```
Put Lebedev on your bed for now. Very strange things happen and you escape.
As soon as you get out, grab the baton and riot prod. Beat the guard to pulp and steal his stuff.
Now run out of the detention block and go down the drain.
Until you can get to the armoury, you will need to loot corpses. Everything
will be useful in the interim, except for knives which are the
weaponry equivalent of spam.
Dade should tell you that Paul is alive and (more-or-less) well. Head to the
east for the nanotech labs (this is the nearest place to the medical facility that is reachable by drain) and cause a little mayhem. Start by throwing chairs around
to wake everyone up and finish up by killing or Prodding all enemies in the office.
Now the alarm will be sounding and you'll probably find that there are some
Bad People outside trying to get in. Keep shutting the door each time they
try to open it.. eventually the alarm will stop and they will get bored and
go away.
Grab the augmentation canister at an appropriate moment, but do not release
the Greasels unless you are hopelessly outnumbered.
Install the Aggressive Defence module and heal up.
Head back towards Detention and find Robot Maintenance. With luck you should
have an assault rifle or something by now, so you might try just rushing all
the guards. Don't kill too many though, because we will want some alive later
for entertainment value.
If you can't rush the guards, the stealth tactic is as follows. There is one
guard on the lower level.. kill him quietly and talk to the Immoral Mechanic who gives you some Bad Ideas.
(It is also an amusing variation to NOT talk to him until after the deed is done)
Now find the guard with a sniper rifle. Kill him and take it.
Either way, get to the top-level control centre. Program the security robot
to venerate your name and obey you in all things. Pick up the Armoury code while
you're there as well.
It is a shame that you can't put the robot on a leash and bring him
with you, but we can do the next best thing. Whenever you find a loose MJ12
trooper, lead him on a merry chase to see your nice friend.
*"Watch yourself.. This one's some kind of mech. Aagh!"*
If you don't mind being bitten a few times, it is quite easy to get the two
dobermans (dobermen?) in the control centre to drop into the maintenance shaft.
There are two main approaches, stand in the shaft yourself and hope they get
overexcited, or waiting until they are on the grate and then opening it.
When you're done, close the grate and you'll have two dogs in a cage.
Now go to the armoury and get your stuff back. Upstairs is a load of cool stuff, including
a silencer mod (use on Sniper rifle if yours isn't already silenced) and
a range mod (again, on the rifle). Turn off the robots with the panel.
Now go round to Medical R&D. Using the cattle prod, stun the evil secretary.
Kill or stun the guard and anyone else who tries to cause trouble and
now *release the Karkians*.
Upon gaining their freedom, the beasts will eat the two guards.. the problem now is putting them back in their
box. Fortunately we do have a solution. Wait until they have finished eating
and carry the unconscious secretary to the cage doors.
Throw her into the cage and they should follow.
Close the door while they are busy eating and speak to Paul.. he should now be safe.
*We all have to make sacrifices*
I suggest you stun the nurses in the medical area. Left alone, they have a disturbing tendency to open
the cage up again and walk inside, which will justly result in their demise,
but may also result in *yours*, so you must prevent them from doing this.
Leave Medical R&D and go into the detention centre. Take the guards to see your friend downstairs, and then do the same for anyone
walking round or inside the control room. For the dogs I suggest a zap on the nose with the cattle prod, which will send them running but
should also keep them out of the robot's path.
Take Lebedev out of the MJ12 base and leave him in Medical on level 3. Talk to Reyes and ask him to stay. Get the augmentation and install Regeneration, which kicks ass.
Talk to Alex, and look under the floor where there should be some loot. Talk to Carter. Apply the upgrade to your Aggressive Defence System, the recoil mod to the assault rifle, and the range mod to the GEP or the rifle.
Now find Manderly and blow him up, which gets a nod from Walton Simons. Alternatively, you might want to talk to Manderley before dispatching him, so that Simons gives you his neat little 'fifty billion dollars' speech.
Now you've pretty much raided the place. Get Lebedev, find Black Helicopter and fly off into the sunset.
---
## The Imprisonment of Black Helicopter
You are in Hong Kong. Black Helicopter has been kidnapped. You must break him
out by unlocking the weapons systems and opening the sky.
To simplify this, a touch of mass-murder is in order. Go down into the
vents until you come across some barrels of Boom and a keypad.
Bypass the keypad and get out!
Now look around the vents for the two security robots. Find the southern
one and use two EMP grenades to pacify him. If you have no EMP grenades,
you may have to humanely destroy Brother Robot but this is not advised.
The northern robot is of less consequence as a quick-witted Agent with two
legs can go through the doorway before the robot becomes dangerous.
If you decide to go up onto the roof, *snipe the GEP guard*. Otherwise
he will fire GEPs at you which are not only painful but it means there will
be fewer left over for you once they have been liberated from his person.
Now, go down to the barracks where you should find a heap of corpses, the
result of your twiddling with the air conditioning. There will probably be
someone left alive at the computer, so absorbed in his game of minesweeper
that he fails to notice everyone else has 'left the building'.
Stun or kill him by whatever means you see fit and go upstairs to the
lockers. The middle two locked lockers are the ones we like, so fire a GEP
between the two of them and take the goodies. Recharge yourself
and check out the munitions dump for some fun weapons including WP rockets
and another recoil mod for your assault rifle.
Move Lebedev to the Southern robot bay door so we can grab him quickly.
Entering the flight control decks, unlock the weapon systems and go towards
the door, exactly like Black Helicopter tells you *not* to do.
When the door is broken, bypass the power system, grab Lebedev and crawl
through the debris. Take the lift down.
If you wish to come back later to recharge, the code is 989 but TracerT
has a repairbot of his own so there is little need once Maggie Cow and the
Sword of Doom have been dealt with. (There is also a repairbot hidden in the back of a barge)
## Hong Kong Phooey
First, ignore the Compound and DO NOT talk to Gordon Quick. We're going
to cut out the middle-man and deal with Maggie Chow direct.
```
It is, with a little bit of effort, quite possible to 'Babelize'
your way into the Luminous Path compound using a stack of crates
and your Power Legs, but this will cause all the Triads to go apeshit,
and the codes will be changed to 6-digit numbers so you can't
get into Tracer T's laboratory. We aren't even going to try that.
```
Find somewhere out-of-the-way to put Lebedev for the time being.
Maggie Cow's apartment is in Tamagochi Road, so head to the street, but
don't go into her apartment. Stand outside the Queen's Tower, where she
lives, and face west. To your left should be a side-street with a cop and
a large military robot.
Behind the robot should be a locked gate. Pick or destroy it and walk into the
service lift. Climb up the wire fence to the top of the lift shaft and you will
get onto the roof above Maggie's apartment.
Go to the northern side of the Helipad, and using your Legs, jump onto the
barrier. Now, with your Legs still activated, line yourself up with the
balcony below and walk off into space.
You should land by Jock's apartment. He has long since become one with Black Helicopter, so he won't be needing the flat anymore. Break and enter it using the crowbar.
Now, go back to the balcony and look up. There is Maggie Cow, staring
vacantly into space. Aim the GEP at her (ignore the glass) and fire.
If you have any WP rounds, this will surely kill her but *be very careful*.
*It must be done soon; this week. And it must be done real tasty.*
If all goes well, small chunks of Maggie will now jump out of the window and
begin their rapid journey to the pavement below. If not, reload and try again.
Now, as a final touch, take the basketball from Jock's apartment and throw
it into Maggie's penthouse to give the police a clue to puzzle over.
The Basketball Killer has struck!
If someone notices that Maggie is 'missing', the alarm will go off. Wait a few
minutes for it to settle before doing anything else: perhaps go to another
map area temporarily.
Plunder Jock's apartment of anything good and leave through the door. Go down
the lift and enter Queen's Tower through the main entrance. Take the left-hand
elevator to the Penthouse. Look for the maid and shoot her with a tranquiliser
dart. She should press the alarm before keeling over into a death-like sleep.
Go back to the elevator and wait for things to calm down.
Now go back upstairs. Pick up the supine maid and throw her through the window.
Now make your way to the laser grid in Maggie's living room.
If you go through, there will be lots of guards so use the following trick:
Place a LAM against the wall, just by the lasergrid. Stand well back and
throw a pot-plant or something at the beams, to summon the guards.
Soon they come along and in a flash, destroy not only themselves, but also the
lasergrid. If there are any survivors, a crowbar should be enough to deal
with them. Now we can go into the lab without being disturbed.
In the mess room you should find a cabinet of ammo, including some Manna From Heaven (HE20 rounds)
and a clip mod for your sniper rifle.
Take the Sword by hacking the computer to open the case. Replace the crowbar with it.
Now you have the Sword of Doom, test it by trashing Maggie's apartment.
TracerT wants you to take the Sword to Max Chen, who owns the famous
Red Arrows display team. Max Chen is at the Lucky Money, so go there.
Wield the sword and go to the Wan-Chai shopping centre. In the northwest corner
of the corridor, look at that glass case. The Holy Grail!!! Wait for a
policeman to come past and smash the case open. Steal the Holy Grail before
his eyes. Just another crazy gwailo, I suppose.
Now, wielding the Holy Grail, stroll into the nightclub. Pay to get in,
and look for some mirrors on the ground floor in the Northwest. Put the
Grail down for a moment and wield the Sword instead.
Here's one of those cinematic entrances. Smash the mirror and walk through.
The people are strangely unperturbed at your dramatic intrusion, but ask you
politely to leave. Ignore them and go through the doors, jump onto the Bosses'
table and talk to him.
*"..you start seeing floating little fat people who tell you you're on a
mission from God, you're gonna be on some pretty heavy thorazine, right?
I said 'give me a sign'. They said 'Progressive Architecture, February '88, page 33.'
That's pretty specific. And bingo.. the Grail! The Holy Grail!"*
Hide under Chen's desk until the immediate danger is past. When he has
returned to his desk, leave the building. Pick up the Grail and Run past the
commandos using your Legs.
You may be accosted by a girl called 'Ling' who keeps babbling
and will not go away. You might try a gentle tap on the head with a
crowbar or baton to let her know that she is not wanted. You should only do
this *once* or you'll have a corpse to dispose of. If this does not work,
give her shot of tranquiliser dart to render her unconscious.
```
They say that death is like sleep. In Deus Ex, things are backwards;
sleep is like death. Detailed studies of the unconscious human form
prove that 'unconscious' is simply a more humane way of saying 'dead'.
(The fact that if you pick someone up it says 'you found a body'
doesn't help matters.)
If you attack an unconscious person with a crowbar, like a corpse
they will slowly darken, remaining 'asleep' the whole time until
the final blow causes them to burst messily.
```
If you had to KO Ling, take her sleeping form and head off to the canal.
Throw her in, where she will sink to the bottom and then rise up suddenly, face-down
in the water as if she's drowned.. only she hasn't. Leave her to sleep
with the fishes for the rest of the game.
Back in the mall, break into the Kwiksave while the police are preoccupied.
Go to the fridge and consume the entire stock of alcoholic beverage as quickly
as you can. (60 bottles, if you bring the bottles from the club as well). It's a
good job your stomach is augmented or you would now be dead.
*Dehab*
If you can, pick up the Holy Grail and leave the area. Aw, the drink has
worn off. Place the Grail outside Versalife.
In the market, head back to Tamagochi Road and look for the Maid, who is
still happily sleeping on the tarmac after her passage through the window.
Pick her up and look for Quick Gordon at the Luminous Path compound.
He should let you in. Drop the Maid in the compound and fetch Lebedev.
Now go and see Tracer Tong to get rewired.
Tracer-T will want a few 'favours'. First you have to go to VersaDeath to
pick up the source code for the Dragon's Tooth.
Before you set out, use Tracer-T's medical robot and repairbot to get yourself
in peak condition. There is also some Manna from Heaven and another clip mod for your rifle.
Leave Lebedev in the medical room below Tong's lab.
Unless you have some real space problems, take the Sword with you. Then, carrying the Maid, head to VersaDeath.
## VersaDeath Part I
"Ladies and gentlemen; due to the VersaLife Corporation's legacy of greed
throughout the globe,
they are to be taught a lesson in the *real* use of power. You will be witnesses."
Go in the front door and down the lift. Talk to Reception and she will
tell you to look for Hundley.
Put on a CD of something violent, like *Bal Sagoth*'s *To Dethrone The
Witch-Queen of Mytos-K'Unn.. The Legend Of The Battle Of Blackhelm Vale*
or, if you feel like recreating the board-room scene from The Crow,
*'After The Flesh'* by *My Life With The Thrill Kill Kult*.
Find Hundley and give him a quick blow on the back of the head with the
Sword/Crowbar while no-one's looking (you will have to put the Maid down
for a while).
Now pick one of the following:
### Non-stop violence
Leave Hundley's corpse where it is and head back down to reception.
Find the guard by the window nearest to reception and shoot him from behind.
The receptionist will now turn exceedingly violent. Shoot her, and switch
to the GEP for the three or four guards who will come out of security in
a bunch (perfect for the GEP). If you're lucky the guards will become
overzealous and shoot each other by mistake.
If there are any others who pose a threat (e.g. the doorman) kill them.
Leave the normal employees alone.
Alternatively:
### I'm not evil, I'm just morally-challenged
Pick up Hundley and take him to the balcony overlooking reception.
Throw his remains to the ground in a triumphant manner, which will drive
all the guards and the receptionist to a frenzy. Cock your rifle and
pick off all the goons as they climb up to see you.
Okay. Hack the security area and shut down all cameras and apply the clip
mod to your rifle. Take the Maid up to the data entry sections.
On the ground floor of Data Entry, the Supervisor is a secretary-type woman
who is very harsh. Kill her immediately. Otherwise, when the shit goes down
later on, she will execute the other Data Entry clerks with her pistol.
Hack into the computers and create yourself a few dummy accounts.
Then, bearing the Maid once more, go up to the top floor and talk to
Nervous Employee. It gets pretty screwed up right now, because you have
gone totally Postal and the conversation takes a rather unusual twist.
Enter the main complex. Today's sermon is..
### Fire and the sword and much letting of blood
*I'm afraid there's going to have to be a certain amount of.. violence.
But at least we know it's all in a good cause!*
A supervisor will come up to you and warn you not to do anything evil.
Agree and then shoot the MJ12 commando in the back of the head with your
sniper rifle. If a trooper comes to examine the body, shoot them too.
At this point the supervisor loses his grip completely, shouting "Hey! Hey!"
and running towards the nearest panic button. The fool! Now *he* has die as well!
Head to the right and go up the stairs. In the boardroom, there should be
a guard holding a flamethrower. Put him to the sword and run into the
bathroom. Hide in the vent until the other troopers come and pick them
off one at a time, retreating into the toilets after each strike.
You may alternatively wish go for the Brandon Lee approach of standing on the boardroom
table and slaying everyone who comes close in a hail of machinegun fire.
Eventually the scientists should go back into the boardroom and sit down
for their meeting. Crawl behind each one, and using the sword, destroy the
chair they are sitting on (don't hit their legs!)
Now it is time to get the source code.
We could take the tour of the labs first and loot them that way, but it would
be far too easy and it doesn't jell with the sermon. Steal the ROM coding and
get ready to kill LOTS of very dangerous people.
*O grim gods of battle, empower us this night
Annoint us with the Crimson Rain
Let every blow be a killing blow
Grant us victory.. or a Warrior's Death..*
Kill the WiB and any others, and go down into the labs itself.
Hide in the vents and pick off the MiBs one by one. If this is isn't fun
enough, the the greasels in this lab actually make good pets and will eat
all the people you don't like. You can keep them nice and happy by
bringing corpses from upstairs to feed to them.
Go in and look for the Mad Bum. He tells you that he is in a position of
overall command so release him.
*"I'm the Captain here."*
Plunder the Augmentation chamber, adding Radar-Invisibility and All-Seeing-Eye
capabilities. **Ye-e-e-es..**
Once you've cleaned the place out, go to the temple, taking the Maid
along with you. Dump her in front of Buddah and go back to Tong. If the monk
annoys you, desecrate the temple.
Talk to Tong and recharge. Then go to the Old China Hand by Canal Road and
go to the kitchen.
Someone has been killing pigeons! Find the one they call 'Chef' and destroy him utterly.
Then go into the vents, down to the collapsed tunnels and get the upgrade. Apply it to your Eyes.
## VersaDeath Part II - the revenge
Now it is time to go back to VersaLife. You can either go in the back way,
or by knocking on the front door and going in. I prefer the latter.
Snipe the Commandos, or blow them up with GEP rounds until you get to the
lift down to R&D. Notice that the corpses from your previous visit are
still strewn everywhere.
Down the lift, you'll find a big spider in the shower. I suggest two rounds of Manna From Heaven
to dispose of it. Head towards the corporate statue, shooting the commando
in the head as he comes to investigate the messy death of the spider.
Go downstairs, killing all who oppose you, and take the walkway. The code
is 55655.
Unlock the red door with the combination 768, as seen on the datacube.
Go in and find the ramp. There is a button on the left-hand wall that
raises and lowers the ramp.
Do not press the button while you are standing by the ramp because it
also lowers a bulkhead door. If you're in the way it will close on your head,
which will get broken. This is something we do not want.
Instead, crouch while pressing the button and run as quickly as you can
to leave the ramp while it is being raised. If it worked, we have negated
the need to go along the upstairs corridor and get slain by the robots.
However, it is *definitely* worth just going up the stairs quickly to
marvel for a few minutes at the ceiling, which is made of worms.
*My God, it's full of worms!*
Now, go down the tunnel you have just opened and snipe the lab woman.
She is one of the Grey Death researchers and more evil than Satan, whatever
your IFF says. There is also a Commando and two security robots,
happily sleeping. We don't want to wake *them* up, so GEP the Commando
while he is at the other end of the hall. Hack the terminal to shut down
the lasergrid and slip past the robots. If you press the maintenance button
they will not trouble you.
Now, grab anything you like and hack the computer. Upload the data to
Tong and then go down into the Multiversal Constructor.
If Maggie Chow wasn't dead, she would be standing around on the lowest
floor. (If you jump, she says 'bad move, JC' as your body splatters everywhere)
Release the augmentations. Apply the upgrade to your Eyes and install the power
recirculator using the medibot nearby.
Now go downstairs and blow the joint. Leave, and return to the Sucky Money for instant and total intoxication.
*Even the fish is drunk*
### A Farewell to Things
Go back to Tong, and talk to Paul. Ask Alex about the Grey Death and then
get yourself fixed up and recharged. Talk to TracerT and he'll tell you
to leave. Lebedev is now in a safe place, so I think it is safe to go on
without him (Paris can be very violent, and the chances of him being hit
and obliterated rise considerably).
Say goodbye to Paul, Lebedev and possibly the Maid. Now go back to the helicopter
(who is going under his alias of 'Jock' this time) and away.
---
## You can tell by the night-fires where Rael has been
Back in NYC again, Daedalus crashes and gets Ro0t3D by dA iCARu5 cReW.
You must find Filben in the Underworld club. While you're there, talk to
the navy guy and bring him over to the Dark Side. Check out the public data
terminals to see a list of your crimes.
*The suspect is a man with one leg and a rocket launcher*
Leave the underworld and find Dowd in the charred wreckage of the Osgood building.
I suggest you turn on your Legs and Recirculation beforehand, so you can
jump out of danger like Spring-Heeled Jack.
When you talk to Dowd, keep pressing Enter quickly, so that he just coughs
and doesn't say anything.
Now go and find Smuggler. If you have the readies, buy 6 LAMs otherwise
just tell him to get the hell out of there. Leave via the secret
exit in the left-hand wall as you emerge.
Head back to the roof of the 'tron hotel and fly away to the submarine base.
---
## The submarine base
*..he knows that whatever the outcome, this night shall see a legend of war
written in blood and the deaths of men... a legend none shall soon forget...*
-- Liner notes from 'Starfire Burning'
Unfortunately it is now necessary to slay the PSS Wallcloud for the greater good.
First, talk to the outer guards, who have all been corrupted by your seditious influence,
and get the key off them. Check out the lorry trailers in the east, using the
nano-sword to break them open and your Legs to get inside.
Now go into the eastern warehouse and sneak into the office in the corner.
Break open the locked door using your sword and reprogram the military robots
to 'Standby'. Check out all the stuff in the office.. there's some codes.
Now go to the crane and take the sniper ammo up top.
Snipe any enemy troopers you can see and go back down. Try to enter the
western warehouse, the ammo dump. Break into offices and computer systems
and generally cause security alerts until they open, and then sneak into
the office as before. Reprogram the security robots to 'Standby' as well.
Open the three bays and search them. There is some precious Manna From Heaven
in one of the bays, and three crates of Boom in case you need it.
When the area is tidy to the point that it doesn't matter if there's a
security alert or not, go to the entrance near the crane.
Approach the soldier in the security office very carefully. Crouch as you
enter the room and try to stay hidden. What?? It seems your evil magic has
spread far.
Search the datacubes and security terminals before leaving the office.
Hang around on the balcony overlooking the ship, and an MJ12 guy may appear
only to be murdered in a violent insurrection by the US Navy.
*"It wasn't me! It was him what done it!"*
Go downstairs and talk to the Immoral Mechanics, who are once again on
top form. Get onto the ship using the crane or the ramp, depending on
how you feel and kill everyone you meet. Grab some cough mixture for Dowd
and any other goodies you fancy. Don't forget the vent
system can save you many lockpicks and multitools.
Apply the upgrade in the safe to your Vision Enhancement, and you will now have
All-Seeing-Eye capability (you can see through walls!). Steal the money from the Captain's room, it
will almost reimburse the cost of the LAMs.
For amusement value, try to blow the five weld points solely by throwing
crates of Boom at them. You will need to heal yourself a lot if you do it this way.
Terminate the PSS Wallflower and don't worry about Attack Helicopter.. he has 30
minutes to get clear.
Tong will tell you to take the vent system.. this is one of the worst pieces
of advice he ever gives you. Ignore him and go back out the usual way
(i.e. the front door) then take the crane to where Black Helicopter is
waiting for you. You may find it amusing to use your Legs to jump onto
Black Helicopter's back, but make sure you save first.
*A giant blender*
### Dowdy
Wielding the sword, have the gatekeeper let you in and then promptly cut off his head (this makes Dowd laugh).
Open the painting (1234) and smash the strange gizmo. Put the gatekeeper in one of the holes in the ground, neatly prepared for him.
Now go into Dowd's grave and look for him.
Pick over the place carefully before talking to Dowd because the shit comes down
when you do. There is a LAM in the NW tomb. Disappear into the tunnels and break a few heads.
---
## Gay Paris
In Paris, you start on the top of a skyscraper. You can get some interesting
results by shooting GEP or Manna rounds straight in the air.. they will
hit the sky and detonate.
Break open the shed you find using as violent a means as is practical.
Inside is a book which contains the code you need and a very disturbing,
incoherent note at the end of the page.
Looking at the ramparts, notice the little windows. You should be able to
see the compound where you will later emerge. Taking your sniper rifle, terminate
as many of the three commandos as you can. A single bullet for each one
should be sufficient (assuming you have the accuracy and skill).
Go down the lift and talk to the woman. Go through the radiation chamber,
using Regeneration to keep yourself alive. Recharge using the robot and
go down the hatch. Something terrible happens inside your head and Icarus
0wNz your brain with an Outlook Express exploit that he found on a kewl
warez site.
If you have a nano-sword, cut the four greasels into little strips.
Otherwise you will have to Assault them or use similar weaponry. When they
are dead, report back to the woman. Her cats may get cooked from the inside
out by the hard radiation, but at least they won't be eaten. As a
gesture of thanks she gives you a bundle o' skill points.
Go through the tunnels. If there are any Commandos left, hunt them down
(they make circular patrols around the buildings). If you find the key to
the Catacombs that's cool, but unnecessary. First, go into the Metro.
Talk to or ignore the arms dealer, and look for a vent on the right-hand wall
opposite him. Go through the vent and look at the turnstiles. When the robot
comes along it will see you and become agitated, but will be unable to shoot
you because of the grill in the way.
The robot will eventually approach the grill, and stamp on it. Be prepared
to escape as this happens or you will catch a lot of lead. Now the robot has
helpfully opened the way, wait until it leaves and then kill the troops
with a fatal bullet wound to the shoe. If you're very lucky, the robot
may turn on its masters. Follow the robot sneakily so it does
not notice you, and rush past when this is unavoidable. Get any cool stuff
from the crates and shut down the ATM camera so you can raid them unmolested.
Check the public terminals for an update on your crimes, and something creepy.
Once the troops are dead, you can get a bargain or two from the dealer.
The recoil mod is cheapest and probably most useful. Use it on the assault
rifle to help stop it wandering.
Now we must turn our attention to The House. There seems to be no way in
except the front door, which will need a GEP round or similar device to remove
it unless you're swimming in lockpicks.
In the basement there is a repairbot. Elsewhere there's various knick-knacks
and some money. But in the office, which can be accessed most easily by
breaking the window, wait for the phone to ring and pick it up. Now it gets
*very* creepy. Someone has obviously been reading Neuromancer.
Anyway. Go to the Catacombs. Don't use the front door, the back is perfectly
adequate. Smash the barricade with your sword, or a similar means.
As you approach the hole, you may gain enough skill points to attain master
level riflery. Do this and then go down the hole.
### Catacom
In the catacombs, use your All-Seeing-Eye ability to look for people through walls.
If you approach a trooper-shape, shoot it in the head as soon as your crosshairs
allow. Otherwise keep on until you see a guy in a trenchcoat through the
wall.. he's the head of the resistance. Once you locate him, switch off
the Eyes and enter the bunker.
Talk to them and agree to rescue some people. You can navigate by Eye, because the
greatest concentration of foes will be the right path. If you choose to do this, remember it consumes an obscene
amount of energy. There is a repairbot up a ladder.. find it because it
will be most useful. It also has some rounds of Manna, and crates of Boom which
you can throw at people and/or the lasergrid. Again, to free the hostages, turn on your
Eyes and shoot anything that moves in the head. When there is no-one to
resist anymore, search for keys and unlock the inner bunker. If you get
lost easy, follow them home (possibly using the Eyes).
Once the leader is happy, grab a crate of Boom, recharge and head to the sewers.
Once you go through into Paris proper, dump the box so it can be retrieved
easily and climb the ladder to freedom. Do not leave the box near the ladder
in case you fall off (messy!) and do not open the drain immediately because
there's a load of people out there.
Save and open the drain carefully. Using your Eyes, find the commandos and
any other troopers and shoot them dead. Keep retreating back down the
drain.. some of the troopers may also fall down the drain and die.
Use the riot prod on the dog to make it go away, and keep on killing until the robot is no longer amused.
When the robot becomes awkward, find the other drain and pop up there.
Snipe any commandos you can see and make your way to the shed nearby. Hack
the computer and switch off the robots. Now you are well on the way to
*owing* Paris.
For amusement, grab a dead MJ12 commando and head towards the hostel.
Activate your legs and run towards the policemen, jumping over their heads.
The combination of the body and your impossible actions will provoke some
rather interesting responses.
It may also amuse you to break into the hostel rooms, which causes Ike to
scold you.
*"It's happened again!"*
If any of the police turn on you, stick them with tranquiliser darts or
the cattle prod. Otherwise, explore and grab any useful junk you can.
Check out the arms dealer's house. The arms dealer is furry, has four legs
and doesn't say much. Grab the accuracy mod and add it to whatever you fancy.
If you're using version 1.002f or similar, throwing knives do 25 hits each
and are rapid fire! Otherwise, don't bother.
Open the chest carefully with a GEP to avoid harming the dealer and grab
the goodies therein.
If you are in the mood, go next door and bother the couple. Smash the chair
out from under the woman and destroy everything in the room. They won't notice.
Find Reyes and get the root password for Gunther's brain. When everything
else has been done, find the club.
There are many ways to approach the club. You can fork out 300, or you can
smash the window and shoot the doorman with a flare dart to make him get
out of the way. I prefer to blow up the back door with a GEP round.
Inside the club, be sure to look at the bouncers. They look tough but
so far as I can tell are utterly defenceless and will not open fire or
defend themselves in any manner at all, even when attacked.
Now go and find Nicolette. If you can't remember what she looks like,
a variation of the Kimberly diamond test works. If you kill everyone
you see, the only one left alive will be Nicolette, because she can't die.
Once everything else is done, talk to Nicolette and leave.
## Chateau DuClare
Break in by going round the back and smashing the wooden barracade with the
sword or similarly high-end gear. As you run around the house, you should
get two very interesting messages from Evil Icarus.
Don't unlock Beth's bedroom. Instead, head to the kitchen and get in the dumbwaiter. Go up to Beth's bedroom and after about 30 seconds, Nicolette will enter the bedroom. Get all the good stuff and go out. Wait! The door's still locked!
*JM: How did she do that??
IM: She's very clever.*
Now, go down into the cellar and through to the WW2 bunker.
There is a barrel of Boom, which will come in handy later on, and a
passage blocked by wood. It isn't blocked to you, though.
Crawl under the first part, and then activate your Matrix legs. Jump onto
the wood and then crawl down to get past the first bit.
Now something really amazing happens. Nicolette, finding she is left alone,
will charge towards the barracade and destroy it by unknown means.
Do the same for the next barracade. She certainly *is* very clever!
Investigate Beth's spy network and summon Everett.
*Another stunning entrance from Nicolette*
Leave the augmentation alone, but apply the Upgrade to your Regeneration system.
Everett will want you to get some gold for him in a nearby MJ12 cathedral.
To get there you must go to the crypt, which is now full of Commandos.
Go back and take the barrel of Boom with you. With luck there should only be
two commandos between you and the crypt.
Snipe the first one in the head, it should take just one shot.
Now take the Boom to the crypt and throw it at the other commando.
```
MJ12: I've got a bogey!
JCD: Not for long!
```
('booger' is the nearest American equivalent)
If your legs came off again, slither back to Beth's lab with your Regeneration
service running. By the time you arrive the leg(s) should have regrown.
Recharge yourself with the repairbot and go back down the sewers.
---
## Cathedral of Sin
This is fairly straightforward. Listen to the pretty music (especially when
you die) and jump over the gate using your Class IV legs. As soon as
you see any MJ12 people, blow their heads off with your rifle. Shut down
the big, lumbering robot using the terminal, and don't forget to stand on
the basketball of perpetual motion to start it spinning forever.
If you need to recharge, go down into the subway ignoring the cries of
protest inside your head. Smash open one of the disused sections and
you can go to a repairbot.. the police don't care about vandalism.
Entering the Cathedral grounds, kill any troops and sneak round the right-hand
side to the trellis. Climb up it, and onto the library. On your left you
should see a window, where a trooper is standing.
```
Find a safe spot on the roof of the Library where the robots can't
see you but you can still hear the trooper babbling to himself.
Take your mouse apart, and remove the ball. Flick the horizontal
roller so that it spins rapidly and the trooper's voice should have
a cool Leslie effect. Gunther, tracking you by satellite, should
by rights wonder what in Hell you're playing at.
(Leslie speakers: rotating speaker cabinet used with Hammond organs,
Fender pianos and Mellotrons. Look up Keith Emerson with The Nice
for some amusing trivia.)
```
Very carefully, jump onto the buttress near the window and kill the trooper.
Climb up and go around the ledge to the bridge between the two towers.
Snipe the riflemen and pick up their ammo. Go to where the window trooper
was. Search his body and throw it out the window to where the robots are patrolling.
If you throw a body off the bridge while a robot is going past, the reaction
can be quite entertaining.
*"Take a look at your Gods. Take a good look!"*
Go down into the kitchen where Swelter, the evil chef from Castle Gormenghast,
is trying to prepare a meal. Talk to him and using your magic touch,
persuade him to betray MJ12 (as they go, he is quite resistant to subversion).
Go into the basement to find the Gold. Smash the crates and pocket anything
that looks nice. There is a scope mod here too.. attach it to your GEP
if you haven't already done so.
### Hunter German and the Proximity Mine of Mystery
Go down carefully into the data vault. On the way down, place two mines
(in the same spot) on the left-hand wall (as you go down). Go and poke
your nose at Gunther so he starts to run towards you. Quickly, run up
the stairs and he will explode messily. If you just use one LAM, he
will go mad (and if you then throw LAMs at him from the upstairs balcony
he *may* speak from beyond the grave in a similar manner to Nevarre. Only managed it once..).
Place a LAM just above the holographic projector (or alternatively, stack
two crates of ambroisa so his image is blocked) and hack the terminal.
Go figure!
*The Proximity Mine of Mystery*
Once you're done, go down the subway and recharge before taking some
very hard drugs and waking up in Everett's house.
```
IDM: The subway police just shot you to crap! That didn't happen before!
JPM: I wasn't lugging around a *dead MJ12 commando* before!
```
## Captain Kremmen
At Kenny Everett's house, root around and steal everything that looks good.
Apply the Upgrade to your Aggressive Defence System.
It may be amusing to throw a LAM or two into the aquarium so there is just one single fish swimming around.
When you're done talking to Everett, enter the helipad, and trip over the body of a murdered mechanic.
Talk to the Odd Mechanic, and then to Everett. The Odd Mechanic is guilty
of the attempted murder of you and Black Helicopter, and his punishment must
be severe. Shoot the fuel drums he's leaning on.
If you deem this punishment is not sufficiently harsh, a just alternative
is that he should sleep with the fishes. Talk to the Odd Mechanic once more
and tranquilise him. Take the sleeping form down into the aquarium and leave
it to drown in the underpass between the two halves of the tank.
Now board Black Helicopter for a pleasant flight without that nagging worry
of sabotage.
---
## Vandenberg Concerto No.3
Some of you may be aware of a bug involving the power generator, that
can be used to get unlimited amounts of skill and turn you into Jesus for
the price of an hour's worth of typing '5868' into the generator.
This is just the sort of bug I'm always looking out for, but we are *not*
going to use it. Two words.. "Kill Switch".
The win32 version of Deus Ex (and the Linux version was cancelled, goddammit)
seems to have an internal limit to the total number of Skill Points you can have,
both spent and available.
Once this limit is achieved, the program will crash the next time you save
or leave the current zone. (This was NOT fixed by the latest patch.)
I do not know what the total amount of skill points you can have is, but
if you make yourself Master of about 7 skills, the engine will die
the next time you complete a goal. Even if you boosted just a couple of
things, you'll run the risk of your 'Kill Switch' overdosing at the very end
of the game with no possibility of escape.
Anyway. Go to the eastern edge of the roof and cripple the two security
robots with EMP grenades. Then jump off the south side, using your legs.
Kill everyone you meet and make your way to the west side, where the fuel tanks are.
There also a back door east into the building. Power up the generator, and then climb up
the tanks to pick over the two dead snipers.
Now climb along the fuel pipe and go up into the shadowy balcony. You'll get
75 free air miles, and two crates containing LAWs.
Take one of the LAWs and use it to open the back door in an astonishing
display of overkill and decadence. Pick up the weapon you dropped to use
the LAW and go down and in through the (now vapourised) back door.
Go into reception and choose the southern exit, to the lab. Jump over the
laserbeams using your Legs and slay the troopers. In the flooded lab,
find the security console and reprogram the gun turrets to kill in your name.
Pick up the augmentation and install Cloaking. Notice that by careful management
of the augmentations, we are able to have both Cloaking *and* Radar-Invisibility
(this is not normal) so you can theoretically be invisible to all life.
Using one of the sofas, block the lower beam of the security grid and sneak
back under it.
Go back to reception and into the northern hall, where an MiB and some of his mates are hanging out.
Kill them all (the box of Boom on a trolley offers some amusing
possibilities) and anyone else who Gets In The Way.
Once this area is quiet, go back to the reception and dance around in front
of the camera until the alarm sounds. Outside, two commandos are watching
the cosmic rays instead of keeping watch. Shoot one in the back with a
pistol to annoy him and lead him into reception where he will be torn apart
by the gun turret. The other one has probably not noticed the murder of
his comrade so shoot him too and lead him to the turret. Make certain that
the alarm isn't about to stop before you go and fetch him, though.
Outside, make sure you disabled the two neat security robots with EMP devices,
and blow up the ugly military robots with Heavenly Manna. Then go into the
comms building (but take your time or the occupants will murder you as a
reward for saving them) and blow up the lockers in the back room with a GEP.
Apply the upgrade to your cranial defences for some seriously cool stuff later on.
Now do the tunnels. There's an augmentation upgrade on a dead Mechanic
in the flooded generator room. Apply it to regeneration or the recirculator.
In the stores, you can find some rockets, and with a bit of trickery involving
your Legs and Arms and the bridge, you can also get one of the barrels of
Boom. However, when you try taking it up the ladder and out of the tunnels
it turns into a pillar of salt (it's worth doing this just to see that happen!)
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
*The strange transmutation of the Barrel of Boom*
Now go into the control room, where Savage Gary is trying to make the
Universal Constructor software work on his mid-sixties Honeywell mainframe.
*The billion-dollar brain*
Fix the computer and something Really Bad happens. Now you must go to
the garage. Find Black Helicopter, who will be at the base entrance and
fly away.
The garage is pretty trivial, so it's on to the Ocean Lab.
```
(JCD has just attained Master level shotgun at the garage, and discovers
he can now take out Commandos with a single, well-aimed shot.
The following is short piece of reverie, bordering on madness:)
JCD: You made me too strong, Page! I am the rifle king! The shotgun messiah!
I shall conquer the world!
MJ12 Trooper: Who's out there??
JCD: THE MESSIAH!! (Blam!)
MJ12 Trooper: ..urk..
```
## The Ocean Lab
First, we need a sub. Ignore the robots. Kill the charlie on patrol and
steal his keys. Wander around the base killing enemies until you get to
the URV access lift in Module 2. Go to the back side of the lift, where
there's a lockpick and some batteries in a pair of crates.
Now stand on the window for a fun little dance.
*The dancing room*
When you're done, go down the lift and program the turrets to kill in
your name. Now set off the alarm and have the guns shred the MJ12 people.
Ignore everyone else and hack the terminal by the Immoral mechanic. Open
the pod bay doors and drive off.
The Lab itself is totally crocked. You will probably have to GEP a number
of security systems. In the ammo dump (locked door, apparently no key) you
will find some Manna, Rifle rounds and a few other goodies.
You will have swim around in the greasel tanks now. If you see any, they
can be turned to soup with a LAM. Make your way to the construction
facility.
To get into the crew areas, you'll need to steal a key from a huge Karkian
or two.
This will hurt.. I suggest using GEP or Manna to obliterate them.
Once
you've sorted out the karkians and the insane turrets, go down the lift
to the UC room. (There's a good book about UCs in the crew area)
At about this point, Bob Page announces his intention to become God..
I want a piece of that.
Now, deactivate the security grid and you shouldn't have any problems with
the spiderbots. However, you will probably need to sling a round or two
of Manna From Heaven at the ultraspider.
### Universal Contractor
Go up to the UC, stopping on the way to relieve a dead MiB of his upgrade.
Apply it to anything.. I would suggest either Regeneration or Recirculation.
Up the lift is a retracted bridge. We could just jump over the thing, but
there is a box of Boom that we need to have. You'll need to destroy the
turrets as well.. a scope-equipped GEP is handy for this kind of job.
Get the schematics and take the Boom down.
Page will appear holographically so put the Boom down first. He laughs at you
and gives vague hints about your impending demise and the erasure of Vandenburg.
Take the Boom back up the lift to the crew module, where Walton Simons appears
in a Vision and starts making threatening speeches.
Take the crate of Boom through the dark red tunnels and stop by the door. Simons is waiting outside.
He is very dangerous in combat, so we'll have to cheat.
First, put the Boom down (gently) and select your Assault Rifle.
This is for preparation: make sure it is set to fire shots of Manna From Heaven
and not bullets. Once it's ready, put the gun away and pick up the Boom again.
Save. Now switch on Recirculation, Legs and possibly Regeneration.
Open the door and go out slowly, facing right. As he speaks, you'll automatically throw the Boom at Simons.
It will maim him (and very possibly break your legs), but the best
bit is that he will be stunned, and runs about like a confused chicken.
Before he recovers, whip out the Assault Rifle and kibble him (There isn't much good stuff on his body anyway).
Regenerate and shut your Legs down. You may need to go back to the UC lab to recharge.
Then leave the labs, killing everyone who gets in the way. Up back to the
roof of the base, where Black Helicopter and Savage Gary are waiting for
you. Get the upgrade off Savage, and then fly away leaving him stranded on the roof.
---
## The Temple of Siloh
First, you must get inside. You can't jump over the fence, so go around
until you find a guard hut. There are three troopers inside, gambling.
Gambling is a sin, so break one of the windows and throw a LAM into it.
*Groo greets the troopers in his usual friendly manner*
Now grab all the goodies you can find (upstairs there is a third floor,
opened by the keypad). There is a walkway leading into the complex.
Go down the walkway and use your Legs to jump onto the building.
Kill any resistance and pillage it.
There is also a building with a repairbot in. You have to jump onto the
building and go through the top entrance because the ground floor is blocked.
Go inside and recharge.
In the floor of the repair shed is a grating which leads down to the missile
centre. Use it.
Go through the bulkhead doors, and find the one marked 'launch command'. Go inside.
Reprogram the missile launch control to nuke Area 51. We will ignore for
now the political impact of a million tons of intensely radioactive sand
raining down on Russia, China, Europe or the Middle-East, or poisoning the US coastlines.
Now go back out through the bulkheads and find the one marked 'missile silo'.
When you enter the tunnel, Page will taunt you again, so **don't** go in.
Instead, lean around the corner and using your sniper rifle, pick off the
Commandos and MiBs. When all four are dead, loot the corpses and enter the missile chamber.
*"I'm a thousand years old, and in my time I have helped commit a million murders.."* -- The Myrat-Sade
On a higher floor, there is another MiB. Kill him and head for the highest
floor (6). Jump onto the railings and look down. You should see the yellow
of a cherry-picker with a man down there. Go around until you are just above him and
jump onto his head. Don't forget to switch on your legs during the fall or
you'll make a funny pattern on the floor.
When you land, Strong Howard will, rather understandably, die. Page will curse you again.
Look around for any rockets or other goodies you want and go up the ladder.
Open the hatch and talk to Black Helicopter.
---
History is Bunk
*Were you there to watch the Earth be scorched?
Did you stand beside the spectral torch?
Know the leaves of sorrow turn their face,
Scattered on the ashes of disgrace.*
-- Tarkus: Emerson Lake & Palmer
Now we have turned a large tract of desert into radioactive glass, the
most sensible thing in the world is to land there and walk around in it.
Snipe the sniper that Black Helicopter warns you about and head towards the
door of the tower he's standing in.
Now we are well on the way to becoming the new messiah, an authentic Galilee miracle is
exactly what we need to demoralise Page.
Go to the tower and stand in front of the door. Activate your level IV aggressive
defence engine, and there will now be a white flash as the door explodes by
the power of your mind.
Go upstairs and open the bunker door. Go to the smaller bunker with the satellite
dish and go downstairs. Get the Upgrade and any good stuff.
An alternative method of entry is to go down the fan in one of the hangars.
Don't forget to blow up the fan blades first, or you'll be sporting the chutney look this summer.
Take on the bunker. Exactly what you do depends on which path you took
to get in. Make your way to sector 3, using the holoprojectors as you find them.
From sector 3, go to the Aquinas Hub. Dowd will talk to you and Page will call him a senile old fool.
Have a chat with Helios and it all comes clear..
*Among the sins and crimes of Brother Michael, the one that seemed to
me most foul was, in short, that the aforementioned Minorite had
proclaimed that Saint Thomas Aquinas was not a saint nor did he enjoy
eternal salvation, but was, on the contrary, damned and in a state of
perdition!*
-- The Name of the Rose
Everybody wants to rule the world
You are offered four choices.
1. Kill Page, join the Illuminati and rule the world in secret.
- Blow up the lab, destroy the world infrastructure and collapse civilisation, beginning a new dark age.
- Merge with Helios and become the Holy Trinity. A perfect blend of machine
and man to rule the world with logic, unfettered by greed and ambition.
- Do nothing, and allow Bob Page to immanentize the eschaton. This is Bad and presumably what happens if you die.
Option 2 is right out.. this IS the worst suggestion Tong ever gives you.
You're augmented; without 21st century technology you probably won't last another decade. Also this
path would have dire consequences for the Lesser Black Helicopter population,
which require technology to feed and human intervention as part of their
reproductive process.
Option 1 is quite tempting, but it requires a bit more work. Dowd, Everett,
DeBeers and company will have to be eliminated, for instance.
And what fun is ruling the world if nobody knows about it?
It has to be the third option.. Apotheosis!
Anyway. Go back upstairs and hide in the alcoves that the robots come
out of. Cower there until everyone else is dead (your Eyes should tell you)
and then go south. There are more enemies out there, so wait until you
start to catch a little fire and then go back into the hidey-hole. Wait
for the MiB to explode.
Jump across the gorge to get some more rockets if you need them, and
kill the ultraspider. Now head to sector 4.
Red Sector A
Make your way in, and talk to Page. Go down to the lowest floor, and
switch off the UC (use a GEP to enter the control room). Kill off all
the fauna and head to the NW control room.
Go into the coolant pump room. Page will lose control utterly and give a most
remarkable speech. Helios will tell you not to go in there. Now we've
heard Page's speech, go to the NE room, which leads to the routing station.
Switch on the stuff as per Helios' instructions. Page will turn apoplectic.
Ignore him and go back to the booth in Sector 3: it's Jesus Time.
Soon you will have power-over-all, and Bob Page will have bugger-all.
As a cyborg, you are destined to rule the world in wisdom and benevolence..
Naah. Black Helicopter, take me to Washington. I have an accession speech to make to my subjects.
---
Bits and Bobs
```
IM: But you've lost one of your legs!
JM: I don't care, I've got another! I *haven't* got another bomb!
UN: We had to execute the prisoners. They wouldn't talk.
JCD: Somebody told me that before. I destroyed their soul.
MJ12: I could have sworn...
Groo: You will!
JM: (screaming at the lift doors) Open, Mother____er!!!
IM: Open *Sesame*. The word 'Mother____er' does not appear in the Arabian Nights.
JM: I set fire to the rat, and then the robots killed me..
JM: Two legs good! No legs bad!
```
Music that means something:
"See the gun, pick it up, and all day long you'll have good luck." (KMFDM)
"Is this the kind of work you'd like to do?" (Front-242)
"Sickness to insanity.. Prayer to profanity..." (Rush)
"I'm a bomb set off without warning.." (Spock's Beard)
"Blood is black in the moonlight.." (Bal-Sagoth)
"Kill everything. Kill everything. Bomb the living bejeepers out of those forces." (KMFDM)
"I'll give you the names of those you must kill; all must die with their children." (Genesis)
---
Made with Midnight Commander!
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<h3>Floppy Abuse</h3>
<p class='introtext'>Floppy disks routinely undergo severe ordeals by owners who
do not know how to treat them or even, in fact, understand
what and why they are. One would think, in a world where
audio cassettes and music CDs are mainstream, people would
understand that floppy disks are a similar medium. Some
do. Some don't.</p>
</div>
<hr />
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<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Excuse me can I use this disk? It has a hole in it."</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>A customer saw me handling some floppies, and remarked, "How do they
get the words small enough to fit on there?"
</p>
<hr />
<p>A company at which I once worked replaced their existing clones
and XTs with PS/2s. Users were informed to convert their data
to 3 1/2 inch diskettes. One user didn't replace everything. Not
to worry, as she just folded the 5 1/4 inch floppy in half and
jammed it into the 3 1/2 inch drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>When one of the computer labs upgraded from Apple IIe computers to
Macs, one student came to me because she was having problems with
the new computers. She had "reformatted" her 5 1/2" disks by
trimming them down with a pair of scissors so that they would fit
into the 3 1/2" drives.
</p>
<hr />
<p>My coworker came over to my cubicle and held out the magnetic disk he'd
ripped out of a 3.5 inch floppy drive and said, "Does it look like this has
any bad or missing sectors to you?" He sounded angry.</p>
<p>Half-wondering if he was serious, I said, "No, it looks fine to me." The
disk had been bent, folded, spindled, and mutilated.</p>
<p>He frowned and said, "That's what I thought," and proceeded to wipe it down
with Windex. I later heard him asking another coworker what he thought all
those grooves on there might be.
</p>
<hr />
<p>I work as a technician and manager for a local sales and repair shop
regarding computers and computer hardware, in Oslo, Norway. One day I got a
call from a woman who said she bought a ethernet card for her desktop computer.
She was having problems installing the card and asked for help.</p>
<p>It seemed her problem was that she couldn't insert the driver disk for
the card into her floppy drive. It sounded like a mechanical failure on
the floppy drive to me, so I drove out to her house, figuring I'd be
replacing the floppy drive.</p>
<p>When I got there, I took a look. I tried to insert a floppy, but something
was in the way. The disk refused to go in, and the door on the drive
was half open. I opened the case, took the floppy drive out, turned on
my flashlight, and studied the damage more closely.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "There is something blocking floppy disks from entering the drive. When did this happen?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Oh. That's just the ethernet card. Don't worry about it. It wouldn't go in at first, but I forced it in with both hands. And I managed to install it. Could that be the problem?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Wow. This is totally not the way to install an ethernet card."</li>
</ul>
<p>To my horror, I realized she bought a PCMCIA type ethernet card and
thought the proper way to install one was to wedge it into the floppy
drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>Here's another for your web page -- as written by the culprit.</p>
<p>A few years back, I suffered an embarrassing
lapse on one of those cornerstones of computing: putting a floppy disk
in a disk drive. They had an environmental test lab with several BBC
micros with 5 1/4" floppy drives. These machines were probably a decade
old even then. I had some games on a floppy disk. I put the floppy in
the machine, but no way could I get the machine to read the floppy. So
I tried another machine. Same result. I didn't believe that all the
floppy drives were faulty, so it had to be the loose nut at the
keyboard. But I couldn't figure out what I'd forgotten. Actually, I had
forgotten to turn the lever that closes the floppy drive and locks the
disk in place.</p>
<p>What's mortifying is that in past years I'd used plenty of 5 1/4" floppy
drives of that exact same type. I have no idea what happened to the
"turn the lever to lock the floppy in the drive" clue that I used to
have. It must have evaporated after a few years of disuse.
</p>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "I just got a copy of the new software you sent us, and I'm having some problems."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "What seems to be the problem?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "The disk is stuck."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "You mean when you lift the latch, the disk won't pop out?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Exactly."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "By any chance was there already a disk in the drive when you put this one in?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "No! I'm not dumb."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Can you pull the disk out?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "No, the disk is too far back to be reached."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "What do you mean, too far back?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "The disk is smaller than the regular disks that I normally use. It's just too far back."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "What size is this disk?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "About three inches, give or take."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "So, you placed a 3 1/2" disk in a 5 1/4" disk drive?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Yeah, and now it's stuck. How do I get it out?"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>My Dad had brought home his laptop computer from work but couldn't get
a floppy into the external drive. He called me over to fix it. The
drive was sitting on the table upside down.
</p>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>My Dad:</span> "Hello. I've got a problem with the computer."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "What's up?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>My Dad:</span> "Well, I did my document, and it looks fine on the screen. I printed it too. And I saved it."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Great! You're getting the hang of the thing."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>My Dad:</span> "Yes, I am. I have just one problem."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Ok, what is it?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>My Dad:</span> "Well, I saved the file...."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Yes?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>My Dad:</span> "How do I rewind the disk?"</li>
</ul>
<p>That one warms my heart every time I think of it.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A third year computer science student asked me why her file wouldn't save to
her floppy.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Oh, this file is too big to fit on a floppy."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Her:</span> "But I have a 3 meg disk!"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "A 3 meg disk? Show me."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Her:</span> "Ok, here it is. See? It says '3M'."</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>I used to teach a high school computer class. Once I passed out some data
disks and told the class, "Let's see what's on these disks." I looked
up, and half the class was attempting to determine the contents of the
disks by visual inspection.
</p>
<hr />
<p>There is nothing worse than the customer who will only believe his or her
own self-diagnosis. A woman and her daughter were lingering around by the
Macintosh display in our store. She told me a story that I never really
grasped, but the general problem was that her daughter saved a report to a
floppy using the Mac they had at home. Later, when they tried to read the
file, they couldn't find it. They had put one disk in after another, but
every directory looked just like the first disk. She KNEW what the problem
was and would be damned if I would tell her different. SHE knew that
the disks were all kept in a stack on the desk, and that the disks all
had the same data as the first one because the topmost disk "leaked"
onto the others. I told her the correct way to look for the lost file on a
Mac, but she wasn't willing to accept my answer. She wandered off, and I
went to help another customer. Fifteen minutes later, I noticed that
she had a second salesman cornered and was making "leaking" gestures as she
presumably told him the same story. He talked for a while and
demonstrated how to read disk directories. She gave him the same blank
stare that she gave me and wandered off again.
Not good enough! Fifteen minutes later she had a THIRD salesman
cornered and started going through her while story again. The salesman
looked like he was ready to pop, so I stepped back in.</p>
<p>Knowing she'd never leave until we told her what she wanted to
hear, I told her that after some further thought, I realized she was
right. There was nothing that could be done to save her daughter's file,
but in the future she should always keep each floppy in a ZipLoc bag to
be sure they don't leak on each other in the future. She was
instantly happy and went on her way. I'll make a bet she still
keeps her disks in sealed plastic bags.
</p>
<hr />
<p>When I was in third grade or so, we learned some computer skills on
an Apple ][e. One day, the software we were using wouldn't load on the
computer (keep in mind this is a classroom full of 9 and 10 year olds), and
the teacher said, "Oh, the window must be dirty," and proceeded to rub
the window of the 5 1/4" diskette with her thumb and forefinger, smearing
it badly. The entire class yelled at her to stop, but not before three or
four brisk rubs. Apparently she thought the disk was a little dusty that
morning, so she wiped it that way before the class got there, then again
when it wouldn't load for the class.
</p>
<hr />
<p>When I was in seventh grade our principal substituted for our computer teacher.
One morning we walked into class and to our horror she had all of our disks
soaking in a big bin of soapy water. Earlier that morning she had been
grading our assignments when she got an error message. She assumed that the
disks were dirty, so she decided to clean them. When we explained to her
that you can't get a disk wet, she said, "I didn't know that. Next time I'll
just use a little Windex."
</p>
<hr />
<p>I got a call from a user installing a program on her Mac. Our software
used a copy protection scheme that required the floppy to be write
enabled.</p>
<p>The user put in the disk, hit the "double-click to install" icon
and started the install. Then suddenly the disk popped out, and a message
came up on screen saying, "At this point of the installation, you need to
write-enable your disk. Please write-enable your disk and reinsert."</p>
<p>She looked at the disk. Shoved it back in. It popped back out. Same message
on the screen. She tried again. Same result. So she took out the disk
and looked at it. Then she picked up a pencil. She wrote "enable" on the
disk. Then called tech support because it didn't work.
</p>
<hr />
<p>It's not uncommon for new computer users to try to put disks in the wrong
drives -- ZIP disks in the floppy drive, floppies in the CD drive, etc -- but
once I saw a student mix up three. He had put a 5 1/4" floppy in the CD
drive, then tried to access it via the A: drive, which was the 3 1/2" drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>Tech Support kept getting calls from this one client because any
disk which was sent to the client became unreadable after one day
in the field. A live technician was sent out. He asked what happened
after the client received the disk. "I keep them right here, on the
side of the file cabinet," he said. (Under a magnet!)
</p>
<hr />
<p>The computer was having problems reading the disk. I checked the
disk and found that it had a coffee ring on it. I asked who set
their coffee cup on it, and one guy raised his hand. I asked why,
and he said, "Well, I didn't want to hurt the table."
</p>
<hr />
<p>One user, a gentleman quite unfamiliar with computers and very short on common
sense, had a floppy disk that wouldn't stay in the disk drive. He called the
help desk because his computer wasn't working as it normally did and wondered
if someone could take a look at it.</p>
<p>The problem was his "solution" to his floppy disk problem. To get it to stay
in, he used superglue to keep it in the drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A customer was having diskette problems. After trouble shooting for a while
(magnets, heat, etc), tech asked the customer what else was being done with
the diskette.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "I put a label on the diskette, rolled it into the typewriter..."</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Should that be a 3 1/2 inch or 5 1/4 inch disk?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Uhhh...how are they different?"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Student:</span> "Why isn't my computer saving to my floppy?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Teacher:</span> "Is it in the drive?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Student:</span> "No. Does it need to be?"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>A customer complied with a tech's request to send in a copy of a
defective diskette. A few days later, the tech received a letter
from the customer along with a Xerox copy of the floppy.
</p>
<hr />
<p>My professor logged into the computer in our classroom to show us a
spreadsheet she had set up on a floppy disk. She double clicked on the
A: drive to get a directory listing, and she frowned and said, "These are
not the right files."</p>
<p>So she closed the Explorer window, took the disk out, and logged off. Then
she logged back in, put the disk back in, and double clicked on the A: drive
again. She was astonished that the files still weren't the right ones.</p>
<p>We never did find out what happened to the disk she'd originally put the
files on.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A floppy-based computer would not boot. I went to the site and
discovered that the 5 1/4" floppy was inserted sideways.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Here's your problem. It's in wrong." <em>(started to put it in correctly)</em></li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "No! It doesn't go in that way! You'll <em>ruin</em> it!" <em>(the computer booted correctly)</em> "Well it never worked that way <em>before</em>."</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>An incident occurred when I worked as a computer support person. I
stopped at a nearby building to say hi to co-worker. She was working on a
laptop problem and had been working for over an hour trying to figure out
why the thing didn't boot into Windows. It kept launching a game every time
it was turned on or rebooted. I removed the floppy from the drive and
rebooted. Relief, shock, and laughter occurred simultaneously.</p>
<p>The simplest of the problems can be the most memorable to me. Yet they can
be very difficult to solve if you don't approach the problem at the most basic
level.
</p>
<hr />
<p>Over the summer a couple years back, I was working for a small
chemical company as a process engineer. The secretary in the area
where I worked had recently acquired a new Macintosh computer and
since I was one of the few who knew how to use it, I got called
when ever there was trouble. Well, one time I got called to come
over and help her. I got there and found out that she was having
problems getting the 3 1/2" disk into the disk drive. It would only
go about half way in and no further. I proceeded to check to see
if there was already another disk in the drive and also used a
paper clip to see if somehow the drive had gotten into the down
position. I was stumped...until I looked down at the disk and
realized that she had put the disk label entirely on the front of
the disk instead of folding it around to the back like you're supposed
to. In the process, she had literally taped the metal door shut so
it wouldn't open when she tried to put the disk in. Apparently she
had labeled a whole pack of disks that way.
</p>
<hr />
<p>I was working on a client's computer in the shop, and I had a box of
disks that he had dropped off with the system. In the box was a 3 1/2"
floppy labeled "System Setup Disk," and in brackets below was the
clarification, "For the computer."
</p>
<hr />
<p>One user kept her diskettes in a three ring binder -- but punched the holes in
the disk rather than the sleeve.
</p>
<hr />
<p>One student turned in his program with the printout neatly stapled to the disk.
</p>
<hr />
<p>One tech support person told a lady to insert a clean disk into the
drive. She washed it first.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A very common misconception is that the plastic case of a 5 1/4" disk
needs to be removed (with an x-acto knife or something) before the disk
can be used.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A consultant showed a new user how to copy a disk to do backups
and told her to buy a box of disks. She did, and when she got the
new box, she unwrapped the disks and did the backup. The
consultant returned a week later, and the client proudly showed
him her backup disks. To his amazement, she had 'peeled' off the
wrapping on all ten disks, including the metal shutter. Her
explanation: "I thought you had to expose the disk."
</p>
<hr />
<p>One new user, diligently following instructions that you had to format new
floppy disks before using them, promptly went home and formatted all of his
program disks. They were new, after all, and he wanted to use them.
</p>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "You've got to fix my computer. I urgently need to print a document, but the computer won't boot properly."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "What does it say?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Something about an error and non-system disk."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Look at your machine. Is there a floppy inside?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "No, but there's a sticker saying there's an Intel inside."</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>"How do I open this new-fangled floppy drive?" a user asked. He was on an
IBM PC-XT, pointing to the hard drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A student reported that he was trying to copy his assignment to
floppy disk, but the machine he was using wasn't formatting the
floppy correctly. I asked him to try formatting it again so I could
watch.</p>
<p>He correctly inserted the floppy, started the format correctly,
but when it got 34% finished, he ejected it.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "What'd you do that for?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Him:</span> "Well, the file I want to store on there is very small, so I don't have to format the whole disk. Is 34% enough?"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>An unfailingly polite lady called to ask for help with a Windows installation
that had gone terribly wrong.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "I brought my Windows disks from work to install them on my home computer."</li>
</ul>
<p>Training stresses that we are "not the Software Police," so I let the little
act of piracy slide.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Umm-hmm. What happened?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "As I put each disk in it turns out they weren't initialized."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Do you remember the message exactly, ma'am?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> <em>(proudly)</em> "I wrote it down. 'This is not a Macintosh disk. Would you like to initialize it?'"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Er, what happened next?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "After they were initialized all the disks appeared to be blank. And now I brought them back to work, and I can't read them in the A: drive; the PC wants to format them. And this is our only set of Windows disks for the whole office. Did I do something wrong?"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<p>I work as a computer consultant at a school. One day a very irritated -- and
irritating -- student walked in with a floppy disk.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "I can't read my thesis off this disk, and I need it now. Also, why don't any of the computers on campus have <em>(some word processing program that is hopelessly outdated)</em> on them?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Tech Support:</span> "Well, we'll take a look at the disk and see if we can read it here. As for <em>(the program)</em> it's not really being used anymore because better ones are available."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Well, I bought my computer from the school four years ago, and it came with this program. I'm going to file a complaint."</li>
</ul>
<p>She handed me the disk. It was a really cheap brand -- I forget which -- and
the case was slightly cracked and missing the protective metal cover. The
disk media itself had fingerprints on it and a sizable bend at one point.
I tried the disk out, and sure enough, no files were found. I tried to
explain to her that this was a lost cause, but to no avail.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Well, I've been using this disk since I came to this school, and it's always worked fine. Your lab machines must have done something to it. I want to speak to your manager."</li>
</ul>
<p>The sad thing is, since then, I've seen several other students with disks in
similar condition, and they all contained their only copies of their senior
theses.
</p>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Customer:</span> "Can I use this disk here in the lab? It's blue."</li>
</ul>
<p>I said that she could, but I wanted to say, "Yes, we are an equal opportunity
computer lab."
</p>
<hr />
<p>A friend of mine purchased "colored" floppy disks so she could save email
attachments to disks. The attachments were color GIF files, and all she
had around the house were black floppies.
</p>
<hr />
<p>I was demonstrating MS Powerpoint to some students. I imported some color
clip art into the program. After I asked for questions, one girl asked if
I saved the file to color or black and white floppies.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A few years ago, a woman called to complain that she bought a computer,
and after only a couple months, Windows didn't run anymore. She
further explained that her son had installed a game on the computer
and that that was the only thing the computer would run.</p>
<p>I went to her home and found that the son had created a boot diskette
for the game and never popped it out of the drive.
</p>
<hr />
<p>Someone came up to me in such a big distress because we don't have
WordPerfect on our machines anymore. So I told this guy to use Microsoft Word
because it's the same sort of thing. Well, the guy told me that he needed to
save the resume he'll be typing, and since his disk had been used
previously with WordPerfect it therefore couldn't be used for Microsoft Word.
He formatted the disk for Wordperfect, he kept insisting, so it wouldn't
work for Microsoft Word. Obviously I couldn't slap him on the face, but I
wanted to.
</p>
<hr />
<p>I received a call from a secretary asking for a document to be converted
from WordPerfect 5.1 to WordPerfect 6.1. So I did as she asked and emailed
the converted file back. Later she called and asked, "If I copy this to a
disk, will it stay in 6.1 or will it go back to 5.1?"
</p>
<hr />
<p>One user had a word processor that took 3 1/2" disks and
stored files on them using an MSDOS file system format.
He wanted to convert the files that were on his word processor
disks to his new MAC machine. Unable simply to insert the
word processor disks into the MAC's disk drive and have them
be readable, he enlisted the aid of an acquaintance who had
a PC with MSDOS.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Can you copy these files for me?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Acquaintance:</span> "Sure. Where do you want me to copy them, though?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Onto a disk."</li>
</ul>
<p>He didn't grasp that a second disk, also formatted for PC use,
wouldn't work in his MAC any better than his originals.</p>
<p>Later on, he got an idea when he was reading the documentation
for a Disk Doctor program he had on his MAC. The utility, he
discovered, could restore files that had been erased from a disk by
accidental deletion or reformatting. So he took one of his
MSDOS-formatted word processor disks, reformatted it in his MAC,
then tried to get the Disk Doctor to recover the lost MSDOS files.
Didn't work, surprise, surprise.
</p>
<hr />
<p>I was on duty one night at my university's computing centre. A woman came
in with a disk that she wanted to retrieve some files from. The disk was
in really bad shape; the metal door was missing, a boot print was on
it, and the label had been treated with white-out several times. I
suggested she go buy another disk at the vending machine down the hall
while I tried to read the data off her disk.</p>
<p>When she returned, I told her that I was able to get most of the
information off the old disk. I asked for the new disk so I
could save the information.</p>
<p>"Ok," she said, and started to hand the disk to me. Then she paused and
said, "Oh, wait. I forgot to format it."</p>
<p>With that, she took the disk in both hands and ripped the metal door off.</p>
<p>"There," she said, pleased with herself.</p>
<p>It took all the self-control I could possibly muster to retain my composure
and suggest she buy another disk.
</p>
<hr />
<p>A student was trying to upload something from his disk to geocities. He
had been sitting there for about twenty minutes before I finally had
the nerve to go ask him what he was trying to do.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>Student:</span> "THE SERVER ON MY FLOPPY IS DOWN! IT WON'T UPLOAD! MY FLOPPY SERVER IS DOWN!! WHAT DO I DO!? HOW DO I FIX IT!? GEOCITIES MUST'VE BROKEN IT! HELP ME!!"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Actually, you just need to change to the A: drive. Geocities can't find your disk. Just point to the--"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Student:</span> "NO! I DON'T! I know what I'm doing! I heard someone say the server is down! And now my server in my floppy is down! What should I do!?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Me:</span> "Listen to me. You just need to change your drive."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>Student:</span> "LEAVE ME ALONE! I'll fix my server myself!! You don't know what you're doing anyway!! All I need to do is restart my floppy server like my teacher told me!!!!"</li>
</ul>
<hr />
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "I've gotta print a paper out tonight. Do you have a printer?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>SysAdmin:</span> "Sure. Mac or PC?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Umm, I'm not sure. It says Smith Corona on it."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>SysAdmin:</span> "Ok, so it's a typewriter with a screen, right?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Yep. Will these things read my disk?"</li>
</ul>
<p>Well, some of these typewriters can write MSDOS format disks, so it's possible.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>SysAdmin:</span> "Possibly. Do you have your disk?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Yes, it's right here!"</li>
</ul>
<p>She hands me her disk. Unfortunately, it's not a writeable disk. In fact,
it's not a disk at all. It's a yellow plastic insert, most definitely a
piece of shipping packaging.</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>SysAdmin:</span> "Umm, did your typewriter give you any errors when you saved your work?"</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "I think so, but they didn't look important. Is there anything wrong?"</li>
</ul>
<p>Now, here's where years of living with teachers comes in handy. Can
<em>you</em> imagine trying to keep a straight face?</p>
<ul>
<li><span class='speaker'>SysAdmin:</span> "Well, ma'am, this is not a disk. It's packaging, meant to keep the innards of your disk drive from beating themselves up when the thing's on the road. Nothing can get stored on this, unless you wish to carve a message on it with an x-acto knife."</li>
<li><span class='speaker'>User:</span> "Oh."</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class='footer'>
<ul>
<li>Back to <cite><a href='./'>Computer Stupidities</a></cite>.</li>
</ul>
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Computer Stupidities: Floppy Abuse
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### Floppy Abuse
Floppy disks routinely undergo severe ordeals by owners who
do not know how to treat them or even, in fact, understand
what and why they are. One would think, in a world where
audio cassettes and music CDs are mainstream, people would
understand that floppy disks are a similar medium. Some
do. Some don't.
---
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* Customer: "Excuse me can I use this disk? It has a hole in it."
---
A customer saw me handling some floppies, and remarked, "How do they
get the words small enough to fit on there?"
---
A company at which I once worked replaced their existing clones
and XTs with PS/2s. Users were informed to convert their data
to 3 1/2 inch diskettes. One user didn't replace everything. Not
to worry, as she just folded the 5 1/4 inch floppy in half and
jammed it into the 3 1/2 inch drive.
---
When one of the computer labs upgraded from Apple IIe computers to
Macs, one student came to me because she was having problems with
the new computers. She had "reformatted" her 5 1/2" disks by
trimming them down with a pair of scissors so that they would fit
into the 3 1/2" drives.
---
My coworker came over to my cubicle and held out the magnetic disk he'd
ripped out of a 3.5 inch floppy drive and said, "Does it look like this has
any bad or missing sectors to you?" He sounded angry.
Half-wondering if he was serious, I said, "No, it looks fine to me." The
disk had been bent, folded, spindled, and mutilated.
He frowned and said, "That's what I thought," and proceeded to wipe it down
with Windex. I later heard him asking another coworker what he thought all
those grooves on there might be.
---
I work as a technician and manager for a local sales and repair shop
regarding computers and computer hardware, in Oslo, Norway. One day I got a
call from a woman who said she bought a ethernet card for her desktop computer.
She was having problems installing the card and asked for help.
It seemed her problem was that she couldn't insert the driver disk for
the card into her floppy drive. It sounded like a mechanical failure on
the floppy drive to me, so I drove out to her house, figuring I'd be
replacing the floppy drive.
When I got there, I took a look. I tried to insert a floppy, but something
was in the way. The disk refused to go in, and the door on the drive
was half open. I opened the case, took the floppy drive out, turned on
my flashlight, and studied the damage more closely.
* Me: "There is something blocking floppy disks from entering the drive. When did this happen?"
* Customer: "Oh. That's just the ethernet card. Don't worry about it. It wouldn't go in at first, but I forced it in with both hands. And I managed to install it. Could that be the problem?"
* Me: "Wow. This is totally not the way to install an ethernet card."
To my horror, I realized she bought a PCMCIA type ethernet card and
thought the proper way to install one was to wedge it into the floppy
drive.
---
Here's another for your web page -- as written by the culprit.
A few years back, I suffered an embarrassing
lapse on one of those cornerstones of computing: putting a floppy disk
in a disk drive. They had an environmental test lab with several BBC
micros with 5 1/4" floppy drives. These machines were probably a decade
old even then. I had some games on a floppy disk. I put the floppy in
the machine, but no way could I get the machine to read the floppy. So
I tried another machine. Same result. I didn't believe that all the
floppy drives were faulty, so it had to be the loose nut at the
keyboard. But I couldn't figure out what I'd forgotten. Actually, I had
forgotten to turn the lever that closes the floppy drive and locks the
disk in place.
What's mortifying is that in past years I'd used plenty of 5 1/4" floppy
drives of that exact same type. I have no idea what happened to the
"turn the lever to lock the floppy in the drive" clue that I used to
have. It must have evaporated after a few years of disuse.
---
* Customer: "I just got a copy of the new software you sent us, and I'm having some problems."
* Tech Support: "What seems to be the problem?"
* Customer: "The disk is stuck."
* Tech Support: "You mean when you lift the latch, the disk won't pop out?"
* Customer: "Exactly."
* Tech Support: "By any chance was there already a disk in the drive when you put this one in?"
* Customer: "No! I'm not dumb."
* Tech Support: "Can you pull the disk out?"
* Customer: "No, the disk is too far back to be reached."
* Tech Support: "What do you mean, too far back?"
* Customer: "The disk is smaller than the regular disks that I normally use. It's just too far back."
* Tech Support: "What size is this disk?"
* Customer: "About three inches, give or take."
* Tech Support: "So, you placed a 3 1/2" disk in a 5 1/4" disk drive?"
* Customer: "Yeah, and now it's stuck. How do I get it out?"
---
My Dad had brought home his laptop computer from work but couldn't get
a floppy into the external drive. He called me over to fix it. The
drive was sitting on the table upside down.
---
* My Dad: "Hello. I've got a problem with the computer."
* Me: "What's up?"
* My Dad: "Well, I did my document, and it looks fine on the screen. I printed it too. And I saved it."
* Me: "Great! You're getting the hang of the thing."
* My Dad: "Yes, I am. I have just one problem."
* Me: "Ok, what is it?"
* My Dad: "Well, I saved the file...."
* Me: "Yes?"
* My Dad: "How do I rewind the disk?"
That one warms my heart every time I think of it.
---
A third year computer science student asked me why her file wouldn't save to
her floppy.
* Me: "Oh, this file is too big to fit on a floppy."
* Her: "But I have a 3 meg disk!"
* Me: "A 3 meg disk? Show me."
* Her: "Ok, here it is. See? It says '3M'."
---
I used to teach a high school computer class. Once I passed out some data
disks and told the class, "Let's see what's on these disks." I looked
up, and half the class was attempting to determine the contents of the
disks by visual inspection.
---
There is nothing worse than the customer who will only believe his or her
own self-diagnosis. A woman and her daughter were lingering around by the
Macintosh display in our store. She told me a story that I never really
grasped, but the general problem was that her daughter saved a report to a
floppy using the Mac they had at home. Later, when they tried to read the
file, they couldn't find it. They had put one disk in after another, but
every directory looked just like the first disk. She KNEW what the problem
was and would be damned if I would tell her different. SHE knew that
the disks were all kept in a stack on the desk, and that the disks all
had the same data as the first one because the topmost disk "leaked"
onto the others. I told her the correct way to look for the lost file on a
Mac, but she wasn't willing to accept my answer. She wandered off, and I
went to help another customer. Fifteen minutes later, I noticed that
she had a second salesman cornered and was making "leaking" gestures as she
presumably told him the same story. He talked for a while and
demonstrated how to read disk directories. She gave him the same blank
stare that she gave me and wandered off again.
Not good enough! Fifteen minutes later she had a THIRD salesman
cornered and started going through her while story again. The salesman
looked like he was ready to pop, so I stepped back in.
Knowing she'd never leave until we told her what she wanted to
hear, I told her that after some further thought, I realized she was
right. There was nothing that could be done to save her daughter's file,
but in the future she should always keep each floppy in a ZipLoc bag to
be sure they don't leak on each other in the future. She was
instantly happy and went on her way. I'll make a bet she still
keeps her disks in sealed plastic bags.
---
When I was in third grade or so, we learned some computer skills on
an Apple ][e. One day, the software we were using wouldn't load on the
computer (keep in mind this is a classroom full of 9 and 10 year olds), and
the teacher said, "Oh, the window must be dirty," and proceeded to rub
the window of the 5 1/4" diskette with her thumb and forefinger, smearing
it badly. The entire class yelled at her to stop, but not before three or
four brisk rubs. Apparently she thought the disk was a little dusty that
morning, so she wiped it that way before the class got there, then again
when it wouldn't load for the class.
---
When I was in seventh grade our principal substituted for our computer teacher.
One morning we walked into class and to our horror she had all of our disks
soaking in a big bin of soapy water. Earlier that morning she had been
grading our assignments when she got an error message. She assumed that the
disks were dirty, so she decided to clean them. When we explained to her
that you can't get a disk wet, she said, "I didn't know that. Next time I'll
just use a little Windex."
---
I got a call from a user installing a program on her Mac. Our software
used a copy protection scheme that required the floppy to be write
enabled.
The user put in the disk, hit the "double-click to install" icon
and started the install. Then suddenly the disk popped out, and a message
came up on screen saying, "At this point of the installation, you need to
write-enable your disk. Please write-enable your disk and reinsert."
She looked at the disk. Shoved it back in. It popped back out. Same message
on the screen. She tried again. Same result. So she took out the disk
and looked at it. Then she picked up a pencil. She wrote "enable" on the
disk. Then called tech support because it didn't work.
---
It's not uncommon for new computer users to try to put disks in the wrong
drives -- ZIP disks in the floppy drive, floppies in the CD drive, etc -- but
once I saw a student mix up three. He had put a 5 1/4" floppy in the CD
drive, then tried to access it via the A: drive, which was the 3 1/2" drive.
---
Tech Support kept getting calls from this one client because any
disk which was sent to the client became unreadable after one day
in the field. A live technician was sent out. He asked what happened
after the client received the disk. "I keep them right here, on the
side of the file cabinet," he said. (Under a magnet!)
---
The computer was having problems reading the disk. I checked the
disk and found that it had a coffee ring on it. I asked who set
their coffee cup on it, and one guy raised his hand. I asked why,
and he said, "Well, I didn't want to hurt the table."
---
One user, a gentleman quite unfamiliar with computers and very short on common
sense, had a floppy disk that wouldn't stay in the disk drive. He called the
help desk because his computer wasn't working as it normally did and wondered
if someone could take a look at it.
The problem was his "solution" to his floppy disk problem. To get it to stay
in, he used superglue to keep it in the drive.
---
A customer was having diskette problems. After trouble shooting for a while
(magnets, heat, etc), tech asked the customer what else was being done with
the diskette.
* Customer: "I put a label on the diskette, rolled it into the typewriter..."
---
* Tech Support: "Should that be a 3 1/2 inch or 5 1/4 inch disk?"
* Customer: "Uhhh...how are they different?"
---
* Student: "Why isn't my computer saving to my floppy?"
* Teacher: "Is it in the drive?"
* Student: "No. Does it need to be?"
---
A customer complied with a tech's request to send in a copy of a
defective diskette. A few days later, the tech received a letter
from the customer along with a Xerox copy of the floppy.
---
My professor logged into the computer in our classroom to show us a
spreadsheet she had set up on a floppy disk. She double clicked on the
A: drive to get a directory listing, and she frowned and said, "These are
not the right files."
So she closed the Explorer window, took the disk out, and logged off. Then
she logged back in, put the disk back in, and double clicked on the A: drive
again. She was astonished that the files still weren't the right ones.
We never did find out what happened to the disk she'd originally put the
files on.
---
A floppy-based computer would not boot. I went to the site and
discovered that the 5 1/4" floppy was inserted sideways.
* Tech Support: "Here's your problem. It's in wrong." *(started to put it in correctly)*
* Customer: "No! It doesn't go in that way! You'll *ruin* it!" *(the computer booted correctly)* "Well it never worked that way *before*."
---
An incident occurred when I worked as a computer support person. I
stopped at a nearby building to say hi to co-worker. She was working on a
laptop problem and had been working for over an hour trying to figure out
why the thing didn't boot into Windows. It kept launching a game every time
it was turned on or rebooted. I removed the floppy from the drive and
rebooted. Relief, shock, and laughter occurred simultaneously.
The simplest of the problems can be the most memorable to me. Yet they can
be very difficult to solve if you don't approach the problem at the most basic
level.
---
Over the summer a couple years back, I was working for a small
chemical company as a process engineer. The secretary in the area
where I worked had recently acquired a new Macintosh computer and
since I was one of the few who knew how to use it, I got called
when ever there was trouble. Well, one time I got called to come
over and help her. I got there and found out that she was having
problems getting the 3 1/2" disk into the disk drive. It would only
go about half way in and no further. I proceeded to check to see
if there was already another disk in the drive and also used a
paper clip to see if somehow the drive had gotten into the down
position. I was stumped...until I looked down at the disk and
realized that she had put the disk label entirely on the front of
the disk instead of folding it around to the back like you're supposed
to. In the process, she had literally taped the metal door shut so
it wouldn't open when she tried to put the disk in. Apparently she
had labeled a whole pack of disks that way.
---
I was working on a client's computer in the shop, and I had a box of
disks that he had dropped off with the system. In the box was a 3 1/2"
floppy labeled "System Setup Disk," and in brackets below was the
clarification, "For the computer."
---
One user kept her diskettes in a three ring binder -- but punched the holes in
the disk rather than the sleeve.
---
One student turned in his program with the printout neatly stapled to the disk.
---
One tech support person told a lady to insert a clean disk into the
drive. She washed it first.
---
A very common misconception is that the plastic case of a 5 1/4" disk
needs to be removed (with an x-acto knife or something) before the disk
can be used.
---
A consultant showed a new user how to copy a disk to do backups
and told her to buy a box of disks. She did, and when she got the
new box, she unwrapped the disks and did the backup. The
consultant returned a week later, and the client proudly showed
him her backup disks. To his amazement, she had 'peeled' off the
wrapping on all ten disks, including the metal shutter. Her
explanation: "I thought you had to expose the disk."
---
One new user, diligently following instructions that you had to format new
floppy disks before using them, promptly went home and formatted all of his
program disks. They were new, after all, and he wanted to use them.
---
* Customer: "You've got to fix my computer. I urgently need to print a document, but the computer won't boot properly."
* Tech Support: "What does it say?"
* Customer: "Something about an error and non-system disk."
* Tech Support: "Look at your machine. Is there a floppy inside?"
* Customer: "No, but there's a sticker saying there's an Intel inside."
---
"How do I open this new-fangled floppy drive?" a user asked. He was on an
IBM PC-XT, pointing to the hard drive.
---
A student reported that he was trying to copy his assignment to
floppy disk, but the machine he was using wasn't formatting the
floppy correctly. I asked him to try formatting it again so I could
watch.
He correctly inserted the floppy, started the format correctly,
but when it got 34% finished, he ejected it.
* Me: "What'd you do that for?"
* Him: "Well, the file I want to store on there is very small, so I don't have to format the whole disk. Is 34% enough?"
---
An unfailingly polite lady called to ask for help with a Windows installation
that had gone terribly wrong.
* Customer: "I brought my Windows disks from work to install them on my home computer."
Training stresses that we are "not the Software Police," so I let the little
act of piracy slide.
* Tech Support: "Umm-hmm. What happened?"
* Customer: "As I put each disk in it turns out they weren't initialized."
* Tech Support: "Do you remember the message exactly, ma'am?"
* Customer: *(proudly)* "I wrote it down. 'This is not a Macintosh disk. Would you like to initialize it?'"
* Tech Support: "Er, what happened next?"
* Customer: "After they were initialized all the disks appeared to be blank. And now I brought them back to work, and I can't read them in the A: drive; the PC wants to format them. And this is our only set of Windows disks for the whole office. Did I do something wrong?"
---
I work as a computer consultant at a school. One day a very irritated -- and
irritating -- student walked in with a floppy disk.
* Customer: "I can't read my thesis off this disk, and I need it now. Also, why don't any of the computers on campus have *(some word processing program that is hopelessly outdated)* on them?"
* Tech Support: "Well, we'll take a look at the disk and see if we can read it here. As for *(the program)* it's not really being used anymore because better ones are available."
* Customer: "Well, I bought my computer from the school four years ago, and it came with this program. I'm going to file a complaint."
She handed me the disk. It was a really cheap brand -- I forget which -- and
the case was slightly cracked and missing the protective metal cover. The
disk media itself had fingerprints on it and a sizable bend at one point.
I tried the disk out, and sure enough, no files were found. I tried to
explain to her that this was a lost cause, but to no avail.
* Customer: "Well, I've been using this disk since I came to this school, and it's always worked fine. Your lab machines must have done something to it. I want to speak to your manager."
The sad thing is, since then, I've seen several other students with disks in
similar condition, and they all contained their only copies of their senior
theses.
---
* Customer: "Can I use this disk here in the lab? It's blue."
I said that she could, but I wanted to say, "Yes, we are an equal opportunity
computer lab."
---
A friend of mine purchased "colored" floppy disks so she could save email
attachments to disks. The attachments were color GIF files, and all she
had around the house were black floppies.
---
I was demonstrating MS Powerpoint to some students. I imported some color
clip art into the program. After I asked for questions, one girl asked if
I saved the file to color or black and white floppies.
---
A few years ago, a woman called to complain that she bought a computer,
and after only a couple months, Windows didn't run anymore. She
further explained that her son had installed a game on the computer
and that that was the only thing the computer would run.
I went to her home and found that the son had created a boot diskette
for the game and never popped it out of the drive.
---
Someone came up to me in such a big distress because we don't have
WordPerfect on our machines anymore. So I told this guy to use Microsoft Word
because it's the same sort of thing. Well, the guy told me that he needed to
save the resume he'll be typing, and since his disk had been used
previously with WordPerfect it therefore couldn't be used for Microsoft Word.
He formatted the disk for Wordperfect, he kept insisting, so it wouldn't
work for Microsoft Word. Obviously I couldn't slap him on the face, but I
wanted to.
---
I received a call from a secretary asking for a document to be converted
from WordPerfect 5.1 to WordPerfect 6.1. So I did as she asked and emailed
the converted file back. Later she called and asked, "If I copy this to a
disk, will it stay in 6.1 or will it go back to 5.1?"
---
One user had a word processor that took 3 1/2" disks and
stored files on them using an MSDOS file system format.
He wanted to convert the files that were on his word processor
disks to his new MAC machine. Unable simply to insert the
word processor disks into the MAC's disk drive and have them
be readable, he enlisted the aid of an acquaintance who had
a PC with MSDOS.
* User: "Can you copy these files for me?"
* Acquaintance: "Sure. Where do you want me to copy them, though?"
* User: "Onto a disk."
He didn't grasp that a second disk, also formatted for PC use,
wouldn't work in his MAC any better than his originals.
Later on, he got an idea when he was reading the documentation
for a Disk Doctor program he had on his MAC. The utility, he
discovered, could restore files that had been erased from a disk by
accidental deletion or reformatting. So he took one of his
MSDOS-formatted word processor disks, reformatted it in his MAC,
then tried to get the Disk Doctor to recover the lost MSDOS files.
Didn't work, surprise, surprise.
---
I was on duty one night at my university's computing centre. A woman came
in with a disk that she wanted to retrieve some files from. The disk was
in really bad shape; the metal door was missing, a boot print was on
it, and the label had been treated with white-out several times. I
suggested she go buy another disk at the vending machine down the hall
while I tried to read the data off her disk.
When she returned, I told her that I was able to get most of the
information off the old disk. I asked for the new disk so I
could save the information.
"Ok," she said, and started to hand the disk to me. Then she paused and
said, "Oh, wait. I forgot to format it."
With that, she took the disk in both hands and ripped the metal door off.
"There," she said, pleased with herself.
It took all the self-control I could possibly muster to retain my composure
and suggest she buy another disk.
---
A student was trying to upload something from his disk to geocities. He
had been sitting there for about twenty minutes before I finally had
the nerve to go ask him what he was trying to do.
* Student: "THE SERVER ON MY FLOPPY IS DOWN! IT WON'T UPLOAD! MY FLOPPY SERVER IS DOWN!! WHAT DO I DO!? HOW DO I FIX IT!? GEOCITIES MUST'VE BROKEN IT! HELP ME!!"
* Me: "Actually, you just need to change to the A: drive. Geocities can't find your disk. Just point to the--"
* Student: "NO! I DON'T! I know what I'm doing! I heard someone say the server is down! And now my server in my floppy is down! What should I do!?"
* Me: "Listen to me. You just need to change your drive."
* Student: "LEAVE ME ALONE! I'll fix my server myself!! You don't know what you're doing anyway!! All I need to do is restart my floppy server like my teacher told me!!!!"
---
* User: "I've gotta print a paper out tonight. Do you have a printer?"
* SysAdmin: "Sure. Mac or PC?"
* User: "Umm, I'm not sure. It says Smith Corona on it."
* SysAdmin: "Ok, so it's a typewriter with a screen, right?"
* User: "Yep. Will these things read my disk?"
Well, some of these typewriters can write MSDOS format disks, so it's possible.
* SysAdmin: "Possibly. Do you have your disk?"
* User: "Yes, it's right here!"
She hands me her disk. Unfortunately, it's not a writeable disk. In fact,
it's not a disk at all. It's a yellow plastic insert, most definitely a
piece of shipping packaging.
* SysAdmin: "Umm, did your typewriter give you any errors when you saved your work?"
* User: "I think so, but they didn't look important. Is there anything wrong?"
Now, here's where years of living with teachers comes in handy. Can
*you* imagine trying to keep a straight face?
* SysAdmin: "Well, ma'am, this is not a disk. It's packaging, meant to keep the innards of your disk drive from beating themselves up when the thing's on the road. Nothing can get stored on this, unless you wish to carve a message on it with an x-acto knife."
* User: "Oh."
* Back to [Computer Stupidities](./).
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<TITLE>Jupiter's Red Spot - The Home Page of XVR27</TITLE>
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This site has been created because I am doing stuff and some people with
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<li><A HREF="http://www.com-www.com/magic_the_gathering.html">Magic: The Gathering</A><br>
Welcome to my interest in Magic: The Addiction.</li>
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Space - The final frontier. These are the voyages of the starships...</li>
<li><A HREF="ftp://marvin.macc.wisc.edu/pub">Connect - marvin.macc.wisc.edu - MtG, STCCG, etc!</A><br>
Come one and all to your FTP headquarters for RPG card games.</li>
<li><A HREF="http://www.com-www.com/doom.html">Doom/DoomII Web Site Lists</A><br>
These are the games of gore. Here's how to change them to your liking.</li>
<li><A HREF="http://sleepy.usu.edu/~slq9v/cslewis/index.html">The C.S. Lewis homepage</A><br>
He was the Chlonicler of Narnia.</li>
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See!!! I <b>DO</B> have an excuse!</li>
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This is a list of <B><BLINK><UL>2 * 42 = 84</UL></BLINK></B> Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy & Douglas Adams Links</li>
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<center><h4>Coming soon...</h4></center>
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| Jupiter's Red Spot - The Home Page of XVR27
# Jupiter's Red Spot
---
---
### Welcome to the HTML site of XVR27.
This site has been created because I am doing stuff and some people with
lots of extra time on their hands just might want to know.
If you'd like to see my new page setup, click [here](http://www.com-www.com/) to enter ***Hotel XVR27*** ...
Here are some areas of interest...
* [Magic: The Gathering](http://www.com-www.com/magic_the_gathering.html)
Welcome to my interest in Magic: The Addiction.
* [Star Trek](http://www.com-www.com/startrek.html)
Space - The final frontier. These are the voyages of the starships...
* [Connect - marvin.macc.wisc.edu - MtG, STCCG, etc!](ftp://marvin.macc.wisc.edu/pub)
Come one and all to your FTP headquarters for RPG card games.
* [Doom/DoomII Web Site Lists](http://www.com-www.com/doom.html)
These are the games of gore. Here's how to change them to your liking.
* [The C.S. Lewis homepage](http://sleepy.usu.edu/~slq9v/cslewis/index.html)
He was the Chlonicler of Narnia.
* [The "Weird Al" Yankovic homepage!](http://www.com-www.com/weirdal/weirdal.html)
It's the Prince of Parodies!
* [My personal information.](http://www.com-www.com/personal.html)
How weird can you get?!?
* [The Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) homepage](http://www.seas.upenn.edu/~mengwong/add)
See!!! I **DO** have an excuse!
* [XVR27's Ultimate Hitchhiker's Guide!!!!!](http://www.com-www.com/otherguide2.html)
This is a list of **2 \* 42 = 84** Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy & Douglas Adams Links
#### Coming soon...
* The ultimate television show - the X-Files.
* The Dr. Demento homepage
---
To contact ***www.com-www.com*** staff, proceed to the
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<!DOCTYPE doctype PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en"><html> <head> <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" http-equiv="content-type"> <meta name="Generator" content="Microsoft Word 97"> <meta name="Template" content="C:\PROGRAM FILES\MICROSOFT OFFICE\OFFICE\html.dot"> <meta name="GENERATOR" content="Mozilla/4.7 [en]C-CCK-MCD NSCPCD47 (Win95; I) [Netscape]"> <title>Trilobite imposters</title> <meta content="S Gon" name="author"> <meta content="Several living creatures resemble trilobites, but don't be fooled!" name="description"> </head> <body alink="#ff0000" background="trilobites.jpg" bgcolor="#ffffff" link="#0000ff" text="#000000" vlink="#800080"> <div style="text-align: center;"><big><b><font color="#993300"><font size="+3"><big>Trilobite Imposters</big></font></font></b> </big><br> </div> <center> <b><font size="+1">"I'm sure I've seen a living trilobite!"</font></b><br> <small>last revised 16 October 2013 by <a href="mailto:goniagnostus@yahoo.com">S.M.Gon III</a></small><br> <hr width="100%"></center> <center> <table cellspacing="5" width="100%"> <tbody> <tr> <td align="center" valign="bottom"><img style="width: 226px; height: 249px;" alt="Serolina delaria is NOT a trilobite" src="Serolina_delaria.jpg"> <br> <font face="Arial Narrow"><font size="-1"><span style="font-style: italic;">Serolina delaria</span> is an extremely trilobite-like marine isopod</font></font></td> <td>Have you? Probably not. Trilobites have been extinct since before the age of Dinosaurs (about 251 million years ago), but some living creatures bear such close superficial resemblance to trilobites that they cause great excitement when encountered. After all, to rediscover living trilobites would be akin to the rediscovery of the coelacanth <a href="http://www.dinofish.com/" target="_blank"><span style="font-style: italic;">Latimeria</span></a>, a very primitive-looking lobe-finned fish that is considered a "living fossil." It belongs to a lineage of fishes that was thought extinct since about 80 million years ago, in the time of the dinosaurs. So too, a true living trilobite would be a find of the century! <br> <br> Alas, no living trilobite has ever truly been documented. However, some trilobite imposters can be quite convincing. On this page we will showcase several of them, and reveal their true (non-trilobite) nature. Among the candidates are segmented mollusks (chitons), aquatic insects (water pennies), and a range of marine crustaceans (typically isopods of some sort). Some of the most convincing of these are isopods in the family Serolidae, such as the example at left. If you are fooled by any of these trilobite imposters, you are not alone! There is a fairly long history of naturalists and biologists that have been taken in, at least temporarily, by creatures new to science bearing such a strong resemblance to trilobites that excitement overcomes common sense.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> <hr width="100%"> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><font size="+1">Chitons (Phylum Mollusca, Class Amphineura)</font></b><br> Chitons are relatively common, though largely unnoticed occupants of the intertidal zone on most of the world's shores. Their distinctive feature is a shell composed of separate armored plates, which on first glance, strongly suggest the repeated segments of an <a href="triloclass.htm" target="_blank">arthropod</a>, such as a trilobite. They can range from dull browns, greys, and greens (such as the specimens at right), through very attractive, bright colors (as shown by some of the specimens below). Of course, examining the underside of a chiton would revel a broad, muscular snail's foot, not the numerous, jointed walking legs of an arthropod. So, although a chiton might at first resemble an eyeless <a href="cyclopygoideaguide.htm" target="_blank">nileid</a> trilobite, it would soon be revealed as a mollusk on closer examination. The chiton images below courtesy of <small style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><small><small><font size="6"><small><small><small>Glenn
& Laura Burghardt</small></small></small></font></small></small></small>, and their website <a href="http://home.inreach.com/burghart/chitons-welcome.htm" target="_blank">chitons.com</a><br> <div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 277px; height: 118px;" alt="Chitons can be colorful" src="triloimposterschiton.jpg" align="top"><a href="http://home.inreach.com/burghart/chitons-welcome.htm" target="_blank"></a></div> </td> <td><img style="width: 340px; height: 278px;" alt="Chitons are mollusks with segmented shells" src="triloimpostersbermudachitons.jpg"><br> <small><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">At first glance, it looks like a colony of trilobites.<br> Image courtesy of Rob Sheridan, from the </span><a style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" href="http://epod.usra.edu/archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=255072" target="_blank">EPOD site</a><br> </small><small><span style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;"><a href="http://home.inreach.com/burghart/chitons-welcome.htm" target="_blank"></a></span></small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: bottom;"><b><font size="+1"><img style="width: 142px; height: 175px;" alt="Water pennies are aquatic beetles, not trilobites" src="triloimposterpennymr005872_md.jpg"><br> </font></b><small><small><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" size="+1"><small><small>Water penny, a beetle.<br> NOT a trilobite.</small></small></font></small></small></td> <td style="vertical-align: bottom;"><b><font size="+1"><img style="width: 103px; height: 159px;" alt="like a water penny, but not" src="http://www.trilobites.info/Schmalenseeia.gif"></font></b><small><small><font style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;" size="+1"><small><small><span style="font-style: italic;"><br> Schmalenseeia</span>,<br> a burlingiid trilobite</small></small></font></small></small></td> <td><b><font size="+1">Water pennies (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta)</font></b><br> Occasionally I receive a report of a freshwater trilobite, living under rocks in streams. Trilobites were <a href="triloecology.htm" target="_blank">marine creatures</a>, and there has never been a report of trilobite fossils found in anything but marine substrates. However, <span style="font-weight: bold;">if</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span> they had survived and evolved for a couple more hundred million years, they might have found their way into freshwater habitats, as have various crustaceans. On investigation of these "freshwater trilobites" it typically turns out to be <a target="_blank" href="http://www.zin.ru/ANIMALIA/COLEOPTERA/eng/mataeogl.htm">water pennies</a>. These are the aquatic larvae of a genus of beetles, <span style="font-style: italic;">Mataeopsephus</span>, in the family Psephenidae. The underside of a waterpenny (right) reveals its insect nature via six legs, contrasting with the numerous pairs of limbs under a typical trilobite. Of all the trilobite species, water pennies most closely resemble the ovoid <span style="font-style: italic;">Schmalenseeia</span> (see comparison at left). </td> <td><img style="width: 153px; height: 181px;" alt="a water penny has only six legs" src="triloimposterpenny.JPG"><br> <small style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;">Three pairs of legs makes this clearly an insect, not a trilobite.</small></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td><b><font size="+1">Isopods (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea)</font></b><br> Perhaps it is the isopods that come the closest to pulling of an effective trilobite impersonation. After all, they belong to the same phylum of hard-shelled, segmented, multi-legged creatures, the Arthropoda. They also occupy marine habitats and there are thousands of species. Some of these can be remarkably trilobite-like in form. In fact one species (top right) is named <a href="http://www.fossilhut.com/DIRT/rolf_ludvigsen/TP5.htm" target="_blank"><span style="font-style: italic;">Serolis trilobitoides</span></a>, hearkening to this resemblance. The serolid isopods include quite a few species that might be at first confused with trilobites, but there are other isopod species, even including terrestrial ones (bottom right) that are pretty convincing trilo-imposters. The giant deep-sea isopod <span style="font-style: italic;">Bathynomus giganteus</span> (below) has even been hailed by the ignorant as <a style="font-weight: bold;" href="http://www.omniology.com/Apus-LivingTrilobite.html" target="_blank">proof</a> of living trilobites, despite clear labels of the creatures as crustaceans!<br> <small><small><small>..</small></small></small><br> <div style="text-align: center;"><img style="width: 285px; height: 221px;" alt="" src="triloimposter_Bathynomus.jpg"><img style="width: 144px; height: 220px;" alt="" src="triloimposter_Bathynomus_giganteus.jpg"><img style="width: 277px; height: 220px;" alt="" src="triloimposter_searoach.jpg"></div> </td> <td><img style="width: 186px; height: 204px;" alt="Serolis trilobitoides is NOT a trilobite" src="triloimposterserolisTP.jpg"><br> <img style="width: 186px; height: 186px;" alt="" src="triloimposter_isopod.jpg"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <hr style="width: 100%; height: 2px;"> <table style="text-align: left; width: 100%;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"> <tbody> <tr> <td style="width: 329px;"> <div style="text-align: center;"><a target="_blank" href="mytriops.com"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 300px; height: 179px;" alt="Triops" src="triopsfront.jpg"></a><br> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"><small style="font-family: Arial Narrow;"><span style="font-style: italic;">Triops longicaudatus</span>, image courtesy of Stuart Halliday </small></div> </td> <td style="width: 638px;"><big><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tadpole Shrimps (</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Class Crustacea, Order Notostraca, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold;">Triops</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> spp.)<br> </span><small>These branchiopod crustaceans found in ephemeral pools are often described as "living fossils" and compared to trilobites, though they are not trilobites at all. Nonetheless, their cephalon-like head shield and multiple segments are reminiscent of <a href="ordharpetida.htm">harpetid</a> trilobites, and like trilobites, they bear numerous walking legs, each with filamentous gills, that differ little except in size from front to tail. There are a number of different species to be found on the different continents. Their eggs are very hardy and can survive years of dessication, awaiting the formation of short-lived pools in otherwise dry habitats. When pools form, the eggs hatch and the tadpole shrimps grow rapidly, growing to several centimeters in length in a few short weeks before reproducing and dying. </small><span style="font-weight: bold;"></span></big></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div style="text-align: center;"> <a name="walking"></a><a href="trilobite.htm"><img src="walking2.gif" alt="a well prepared trilobite is a thing of beauty!" target="intro" border="0" height="89" width="225"></a><br> <small><span style="font-weight: bold;">Click on the waking trilobite to return to the main menu</span></small><br> <font color="#cc6600"><font size="-2">Walking Trilobite animation ©2000 by S. M. Gon III</font></font> <div style="text-align: center;"><font size="-1">©1999 - 2007 This page and site designed and created by <a href="mailto:goniagnostus@yahoo.com">Dr. Sam Gon III</a></font><br> </div> <!--WEBBOT bot="HTMLMarkup" startspan ALT="Site Meter" --></div> <center> </center> <center></center> <br> </body></html> | Trilobite imposters **Trilobite Imposters**
**"I'm sure I've seen a living trilobite!"**
last revised 16 October 2013 by [S.M.Gon III](mailto:goniagnostus@yahoo.com)
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Serolina delaria is NOT a trilobite Serolina delaria is an extremely trilobite-like marine isopod | Have you? Probably not. Trilobites have been extinct since before the age of Dinosaurs (about 251 million years ago), but some living creatures bear such close superficial resemblance to trilobites that they cause great excitement when encountered. After all, to rediscover living trilobites would be akin to the rediscovery of the coelacanth [Latimeria](http://www.dinofish.com/), a very primitive-looking lobe-finned fish that is considered a "living fossil." It belongs to a lineage of fishes that was thought extinct since about 80 million years ago, in the time of the dinosaurs. So too, a true living trilobite would be a find of the century! Alas, no living trilobite has ever truly been documented. However, some trilobite imposters can be quite convincing. On this page we will showcase several of them, and reveal their true (non-trilobite) nature. Among the candidates are segmented mollusks (chitons), aquatic insects (water pennies), and a range of marine crustaceans (typically isopods of some sort). Some of the most convincing of these are isopods in the family Serolidae, such as the example at left. If you are fooled by any of these trilobite imposters, you are not alone! There is a fairly long history of naturalists and biologists that have been taken in, at least temporarily, by creatures new to science bearing such a strong resemblance to trilobites that excitement overcomes common sense. |
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Chitons (Phylum Mollusca, Class Amphineura)** Chitons are relatively common, though largely unnoticed occupants of the intertidal zone on most of the world's shores. Their distinctive feature is a shell composed of separate armored plates, which on first glance, strongly suggest the repeated segments of an [arthropod](triloclass.htm), such as a trilobite. They can range from dull browns, greys, and greens (such as the specimens at right), through very attractive, bright colors (as shown by some of the specimens below). Of course, examining the underside of a chiton would revel a broad, muscular snail's foot, not the numerous, jointed walking legs of an arthropod. So, although a chiton might at first resemble an eyeless [nileid](cyclopygoideaguide.htm) trilobite, it would soon be revealed as a mollusk on closer examination. The chiton images below courtesy of Glenn
& Laura Burghardt, and their website [chitons.com](http://home.inreach.com/burghart/chitons-welcome.htm) Chitons can be colorful | Chitons are mollusks with segmented shells At first glance, it looks like a colony of trilobites. Image courtesy of Rob Sheridan, from the [EPOD site](http://epod.usra.edu/archive/epodviewer.php3?oid=255072) |
---
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| **Water pennies are aquatic beetles, not trilobites** Water penny, a beetle. NOT a trilobite. | **like a water penny, but not** Schmalenseeia, a burlingiid trilobite | **Water pennies (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta)** Occasionally I receive a report of a freshwater trilobite, living under rocks in streams. Trilobites were [marine creatures](triloecology.htm), and there has never been a report of trilobite fossils found in anything but marine substrates. However, if they had survived and evolved for a couple more hundred million years, they might have found their way into freshwater habitats, as have various crustaceans. On investigation of these "freshwater trilobites" it typically turns out to be [water pennies](http://www.zin.ru/ANIMALIA/COLEOPTERA/eng/mataeogl.htm). These are the aquatic larvae of a genus of beetles, Mataeopsephus, in the family Psephenidae. The underside of a waterpenny (right) reveals its insect nature via six legs, contrasting with the numerous pairs of limbs under a typical trilobite. Of all the trilobite species, water pennies most closely resemble the ovoid Schmalenseeia (see comparison at left). | a water penny has only six legs Three pairs of legs makes this clearly an insect, not a trilobite. |
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Isopods (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Crustacea)** Perhaps it is the isopods that come the closest to pulling of an effective trilobite impersonation. After all, they belong to the same phylum of hard-shelled, segmented, multi-legged creatures, the Arthropoda. They also occupy marine habitats and there are thousands of species. Some of these can be remarkably trilobite-like in form. In fact one species (top right) is named [Serolis trilobitoides](http://www.fossilhut.com/DIRT/rolf_ludvigsen/TP5.htm), hearkening to this resemblance. The serolid isopods include quite a few species that might be at first confused with trilobites, but there are other isopod species, even including terrestrial ones (bottom right) that are pretty convincing trilo-imposters. The giant deep-sea isopod Bathynomus giganteus (below) has even been hailed by the ignorant as [proof](http://www.omniology.com/Apus-LivingTrilobite.html) of living trilobites, despite clear labels of the creatures as crustaceans! .. | Serolis trilobitoides is NOT a trilobite |
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Triops](mytriops.com) Triops longicaudatus, image courtesy of Stuart Halliday | Tadpole Shrimps (Class Crustacea, Order Notostraca, Triops spp.) These branchiopod crustaceans found in ephemeral pools are often described as "living fossils" and compared to trilobites, though they are not trilobites at all. Nonetheless, their cephalon-like head shield and multiple segments are reminiscent of [harpetid](ordharpetida.htm) trilobites, and like trilobites, they bear numerous walking legs, each with filamentous gills, that differ little except in size from front to tail. There are a number of different species to be found on the different continents. Their eggs are very hardy and can survive years of dessication, awaiting the formation of short-lived pools in otherwise dry habitats. When pools form, the eggs hatch and the tadpole shrimps grow rapidly, growing to several centimeters in length in a few short weeks before reproducing and dying. |
[](trilobite.htm)
Click on the waking trilobite to return to the main menu
Walking Trilobite animation ©2000 by S. M. Gon III ©1999 - 2007 This page and site designed and created by [Dr. Sam Gon III](mailto:goniagnostus@yahoo.com)
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<P><A NAME="Top of page"></A><FONT COLOR="#FF00FF"><FONT SIZE=+3>Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><font color="#FF00FF" size="+3"><img src="GilbertWilliams.jpg" width="300" height="261"><br>
</font><font size="3">Gilbert Williams in his studio, <br>
at his <a href="http://today.duke.edu/2011/10/standupdesk" target="_blank">drafting table</a>, <br>
which is similar to an office stand up desk but slanted for drawing and art projects
</font></P>
</CENTER>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>Gilbert Williams is one of the most widely known visionary artists,
and his bountiful images have done much to give people "glimpses"
of higher dimensional worlds and magical beings. He is one of the
featured artists in Iasos' video program "<FONT COLOR="#FF00FF"><A HREF="https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/">Crystal
Vista</A></FONT>". Gilbert has always been a very prolific <a href="http://www.pw.org/content/get_stand_your_writing?cmnt_all=1" target="_blank">artist</a>.</FONT></P>
<P align="left"> </P>
<P align="center"><font size="4"><img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="absbottom"> <a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">Gilbert Williams original paintings for sale</a> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="absbottom"><br>
</font> <span class="style2">At the moment we have 20 Gilbert Williams <em><strong>original</strong></em> paintings for sale - from private collections. <a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html"><br>
</a><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">View</a> these 20 originals.</span> <span class="style2"> </span><font size="+1"> <br>
</font></P>
<P align="center"> </P>
<P align="center"><FONT SIZE=+2>Representative Images <BR>
by <BR>
Gilbert Williams </FONT><BR>
<BR>
</P>
<CENTER>
<P> </P>
<P><img src="CrystalSanctuary-3.JPG" width="498" height="383" alt="13 images = L-o-n-g download, but worth the wait !!"><br>
<br>
<font size=+1>"Crystal Sanctuary"<br>
</font>by Gilbert Williams <br>
<font color="#0000F2"><font size=-1>© Gilbert Williams</font></font>
</P>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
<BR>
<IMG SRC="moontemple.jpg" WIDTH=639 HEIGHT=480 border="1"><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Moon Temple"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P>
<P><BR>
</P>
<P><img src="FloatingGardens.jpg" width="924" height="699"></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>"Floating Gardens"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT></P>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
</P>
<P> </P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER><P><IMG SRC="Descspr3.jpg" BORDER=4 HEIGHT=451 WIDTH=322><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Descent of Spring"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P></CENTER>
<CENTER><P><BR>
</P>
<P><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#awakening"><img src="PrimevalAwakening.jpg" width="1000" height="998" border="0"></a></P>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>"Primeval Awakening"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><span class="style2"><span class="style4"> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#awakening">This original is available for purchase!</a> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"></span></span><span class="style4"></span><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style4"><br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.</a> </span></FONT></P>
<P> This image was included in Gilbert William's art book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Celestial-Visitations-Art-Gilbert-Williams/dp/B000W21DFC">Celestial Visitations</a>" <br>
and was also featured on Iasos' DVD "<a href="https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/">Crystal Vista</a>". <br>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1><br>
</FONT><span class="style2"><br>
</span></FONT><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style4"><br>
<br>
</span></FONT></P>
<P><BR>
</P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER><P><BR>
<IMG SRC="poolight.jpg" BORDER=1 HEIGHT=480 WIDTH=618><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Pool of Light"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT></P></CENTER>
<P align="center"><BR>
</P>
<P align="center"> </P>
<P align="center"><BR>
</P>
<P align="center"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#austin"><img src="sentinel.jpg" width="772" height="914" border="0"></a></P>
<P align="center"><FONT SIZE=+1>"Sentinel"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams<br>
<br>
</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style2"><span class="style4"> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#austin">This original is available for purchase!</a> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"></span></span><span class="style4"></span><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style4"><br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.</a> </span></FONT></FONT></P>
<P align="center"><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P>
<P align="center"> </P>
<P align="center"> </P>
<CENTER><P><IMG SRC="Anglfal4.jpg" BORDER=4 HEIGHT=452 WIDTH=320><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Angel Falls" <BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P></CENTER>
<CENTER><P><IMG SRC="dawninv.jpg" BORDER=3 HEIGHT=443 WIDTH=590><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Dawn Invocations"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P></CENTER>
<CENTER><P><IMG SRC="Lightdancer.jpg" HEIGHT=350 WIDTH=265></P></CENTER>
<CENTER><P><FONT SIZE=+1>"Light Dancer"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams<BR>
</FONT></FONT>This is the image used on the cover<BR>
of Iasos' "<A HREF="https://iasos.com/detalist/angelic/">Angelic Music</A>"
album.<BR>
</P></CENTER>
<CENTER><P><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P></CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P><IMG SRC="paradisegds.jpg" BORDER=1 HEIGHT=465 WIDTH=620><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Paradise Goddess"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<img src="Aurorag6.jpg" width="626" height="478"><BR>
<BR>
</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=+1>"Aurora Garden" <BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT></P>
<P><a name="1"></a></P>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<table width="700" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" background="Aurora%20Garden-trim2.jpg">
<tr>
<td height="404" background="Aurora Garden-trim2.jpg"><div align="center">
<object classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,29,0" width="700" height="400">
<param name="movie" value="Blue-Lights.swf">
<param name="quality" value="high">
<param name="wmode" value="transparent">
<embed src="Blue-Lights.swf" width="700" height="400" quality="high" pluginspage="http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" wmode="transparent"></embed></object>
</div></td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<table width="415" height="38" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td width="364" height="38"><font size="3">Detail of the painting "<strong>Aurora
Gardens</strong>" by Gilbert Williams<br>
FLASH Design By: <a href="http://www.goni.co.il"><strong>Yoni
Danziger *GONI*</strong></a></font></td>
</tr>
</table>
<P><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
</P>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
</P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P><BR>
<IMG SRC="fountain.jpg" BORDER=1 HEIGHT=480 WIDTH=622><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Fountain of Renewal"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<img src="GatheringFlowers-2.JPG" width="301" height="380" border="1"> <BR>
<BR>
</FONT></FONT><FONT SIZE=+1>"Gathering Flowers"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
</P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
<BR>
<a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page3.html#threshold"><img src="/artists/gilwilms/AngelOfTheThreshold-noframe.jpg" width="551" height="700" border="0"></a> </P>
<P><FONT SIZE=+1>"Angel of the Threshold"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT> </P>
<P><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style2"><span class="style4"> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page3.html#threshold">This original is available for purchase!</a> <img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="middle"></span></span><span class="style4"></span><FONT SIZE=-1><span class="style4"><br>
<a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.</a> </span></FONT></FONT></P>
<P>This image was included in Gilbert William's art book "<a href="http://www.amazon.com/Celestial-Visitations-Art-Gilbert-Williams/dp/B000W21DFC">Celestial Visitations</a>"<br>
and was also featured on Iasos' DVD "<a href="https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/">Crystal Vista</a>".<br>
</P>
<P> </P>
<P> </P>
<P><BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<BR>
<IMG SRC="ancientabode.jpg" BORDER=2 HEIGHT=493 WIDTH=640><BR>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1>"Ancient Abode"<BR>
</FONT>by Gilbert Williams <BR>
<FONT COLOR="#0000F2"><FONT SIZE=-1>© Gilbert Williams</FONT></FONT><BR>
<BR>
<br>
<BR>
<FONT SIZE=+1><FONT COLOR="#FF00FF">All Rights</FONT><FONT COLOR="#00FFFF">
to these images are of course </FONT><FONT COLOR="#FF00FF">Reserved </FONT><FONT COLOR="#00FFFF">by
the artist.</FONT></FONT><BR>
<br>
<br>
<br>
</P>
<table width="492" border="7" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="7">
<tr>
<td width="448"><div align="center">
<p><font color="#FF00FF" size="5">25 Gilbert Williams<font color="#0000FF">
<em><strong>Original</strong></em> </font>Paintings <br>
from 17 Private Collections<br>
are now available for purchase!</font><font size="5"> </font><font size="4"><br>
<font size="3"> (Currently prices range from $1,500 to $37,000.) </font><br>
</font></p>
</div>
<p align="center"><font size="6"><font size="4"><img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="absbottom"> <a href="https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html">View
this Collection</a> </font><img src="../../GlowStar.GIF" width="25" height="25" align="absbottom"> <br>
</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<P> </P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P> </P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<TABLE width="560" BORDER=9 CELLPADDING=6 cellspacing="6" >
<TR>
<TD width="516"><CENTER>
<P><span class="style7">CONTACT INFORMATION</span> <br>
for<br>
<span class="style7">Gilbert Williams</span></P>
</CENTER>
<CENTER>
<P align="center"><FONT SIZE=+1> </FONT></P>
<P align="center"><span class="style7">Website: <a href="https://www.gilbertwilliams.io/all-gilbert-williams-art-page-1" target="_blank">Gilbert Williams Gallery</a></span></P>
<P align="center" class="style7">Facebook: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/gilbertwilliamsgallery" target="_blank">Gilbert Williams Studio </a> <br>
</P>
</CENTER></TD>
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<P>If you enjoy Gilbert William's art,<br>
then there is a good chance you might also enjoy<font color="#FF00FF"> <br>
<font size="4">Iasos' music</font></font><br>
since they are very much "on the same wavelength" <BR>
(similar consciousness or state-of-mind). <br>
If interested, here's a <BR>
<FONT SIZE=+2><A HREF="https://iasos.com/brefview/"><font size="+1">Brief Overview of Iasos' Music</font></A></FONT><FONT SIZE=+1>.</FONT>
<p> <font color="#0000FF"> </font> Or, you can <a href="https://iasos.bandcamp.com/" target="_blank"><font size="+1">listen to his music on-line</font></a><font size="+1">. </font><br>
<span class="style60">(full version of any piece - free) </span> </p>
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<td width="205"><div align="center"><span class="style6"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="../art-treasures/heavensbackdoor-250.jpg" width="203" height="250" border="1"></a><span class="style46">John Lawton Cullison </span></span></div></td>
<td width="280" nowrap background="../Gold-7-brite6.jpg"><p align="center"><span class="style49"><span class="style51"><span class="style52"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank">Original Art Treasures </a></span></span></span></p>
<p align="center" class="style51">by many of the contemporary<br>
Masters of Visionary Art </p>
<p align="center" class="style51">available for purchase</p></td>
<td width="253"><div align="center"><span class="style48"><a href="https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/" target="_blank"><img src="../art-treasures/PrimevalAwakening-250.jpg" width="251" height="250" border="1"></a><span class="style47">Gilbert Williams </span></span></div></td>
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</CENTER></TD>
<TD width="206" valign="middle" class="style6"><P align="center" class="style6"><FONT COLOR="#0000A0"><span class="style29"><a href="https://iasos.com/crystals/" target="_blank">Museum-Grade Crystals</a> </span></FONT></P>
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<td width="25%" valign="top" nowrap><FONT SIZE=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><FONT SIZE=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font color="#FFFFFF"><b>Web Site: </b><a href="https://iasos.com">iasos.com</a></font></font><font color="#FFFFFF"> <br>
</font><FONT SIZE=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font color="#FFFFFF"><strong>Email:</strong> </font><FONT SIZE=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font color="#FFFFFF"><img src="../ea-14-white.gif" width="108" height="13" align="absbottom"></font></font></font></FONT></font></font></FONT></font></font></FONT><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><br>
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<td width="38%" valign="top" nowrap><FONT SIZE=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font size=-1><font color="#FFFFFF"><b>Inter-Dimensional Music<br>
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Gilbert Williams Visionary Art
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Gilbert Williams
Gilbert Williams in his studio,
at his [drafting table](http://today.duke.edu/2011/10/standupdesk),
which is similar to an office stand up desk but slanted for drawing and art projects
Gilbert Williams is one of the most widely known visionary artists,
and his bountiful images have done much to give people "glimpses"
of higher dimensional worlds and magical beings. He is one of the
featured artists in Iasos' video program "[Crystal
Vista](https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/)". Gilbert has always been a very prolific [artist](http://www.pw.org/content/get_stand_your_writing?cmnt_all=1).
 [Gilbert Williams original paintings for sale](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html) 
At the moment we have 20 Gilbert Williams ***original*** paintings for sale - from private collections. [View](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html) these 20 originals.
Representative Images
by
Gilbert Williams
"Crystal Sanctuary"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Moon Temple"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Floating Gardens"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Descent of Spring"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#awakening)
"Primeval Awakening"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[This original is available for purchase!](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#awakening) 
[View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html)
This image was included in Gilbert William's art book "[Celestial Visitations](http://www.amazon.com/Celestial-Visitations-Art-Gilbert-Williams/dp/B000W21DFC)"
and was also featured on Iasos' DVD "[Crystal Vista](https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/)".
"Pool of Light"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#austin)
"Sentinel"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[This original is available for purchase!](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page1.html#austin) 
[View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html)
"Angel Falls"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Dawn Invocations"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Light Dancer"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
This is the image used on the cover
of Iasos' "[Angelic Music](https://iasos.com/detalist/angelic/)"
album.
"Paradise Goddess"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Aurora Garden"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
| |
| --- |
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|
| |
| --- |
| Detail of the painting "**Aurora
Gardens**" by Gilbert Williams
FLASH Design By: [**Yoni
Danziger \*GONI\***](http://www.goni.co.il) |
"Fountain of Renewal"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
"Gathering Flowers"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page3.html#threshold)
"Angel of the Threshold"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
[This original is available for purchase!](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell-page3.html#threshold) 
[View all the Gilbert Williams originals available for purchase.](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html)
This image was included in Gilbert William's art book "[Celestial Visitations](http://www.amazon.com/Celestial-Visitations-Art-Gilbert-Williams/dp/B000W21DFC)"
and was also featured on Iasos' DVD "[Crystal Vista](https://iasos.com/detalist/crv/)".
"Ancient Abode"
by Gilbert Williams
© Gilbert Williams
All Rights
to these images are of course Reserved by
the artist.
| |
| --- |
|
25 Gilbert Williams
***Original*** Paintings
from 17 Private Collections
are now available for purchase!
(Currently prices range from $1,500 to $37,000.)
[View
this Collection](https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/sell.html)
|
| |
| --- |
|
CONTACT INFORMATION
for
Gilbert Williams
Website: [Gilbert Williams Gallery](https://www.gilbertwilliams.io/all-gilbert-williams-art-page-1)
Facebook: [Gilbert Williams Studio](https://www.facebook.com/gilbertwilliamsgallery)
|
[Return to VISIONARY ARTISTS GALLERY](https://iasos.com/artists/)
[MAIN MENU](https://iasos.com/#topmenu)
[TOP of this page](#Top of page)
| |
| --- |
|
If you enjoy Gilbert William's art,
then there is a good chance you might also enjoy
Iasos' music
since they are very much "on the same wavelength"
(similar consciousness or state-of-mind).
If interested, here's a
[Brief Overview of Iasos' Music](https://iasos.com/brefview/).
Or, you can [listen to his music on-line](https://iasos.bandcamp.com/).
(full version of any piece - free)
|
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| John Lawton Cullison | [Original Art Treasures](https://iasos.com/artists/art-treasures/)
by many of the contemporary
Masters of Visionary Art
available for purchase | Gilbert Williams |
|
John Mason |
Andrew Annenberg |
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
| [Museum-Grade Crystals](https://iasos.com/crystals/)
For your Palace
| |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| **Web Site:**[iasos.com](https://iasos.com)
**Email:**
| **Inter-Dimensional Music**Earth/Gaia - 3rd Dimension Sol, Milky Way Galaxy |
| https://iasos.com/artists/gilwilms/ |
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Abortion</em>, <em>Advance Directives</em>, <em>African Religions</em>, <em>Afterlife in Cross-Cultural Perspective</em>, <em>Aids</em>, <em>Animal Companions</em>, <em>Anthropological Perspective</em>, <em>Anxiety and Fear</em>, <em>Apocalypse</em>, <em>Ariès, Philippe</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Black Death</em>, <em>Black Stork</em>, <em>Bonsen, F. Z.</em>, <em>Brain Death</em>, <em>Brompton's Cocktail</em>, <em>Brown, John</em>, <em>Buddhism</em>, <em>Burial Grounds</em>, <em>Buried Alive</em>, <em>Cadaver Experiences</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Cemeteries, War</em>, <em>Charnel Houses</em>, <em>Charon and the River Styx</em>, <em>Children</em>, <em>Children and Adolescents' Understanding of Death</em>, <em>Children and Media Violence</em>, <em>Children and Their Rights in Life and Death Situations</em>, <em>Children, Caring for When Life-Threatened or Dying</em>, <em>Children, Murder of</em>, <em>Chinese Beliefs</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Darwin, Charles</em>, <em>Days of the Dead</em>, <em>Dead Ghetto</em>, <em>Deathbed Visions and Escorts</em>, <em>Death Certificate</em>, <em>Death Education</em>, <em>Death Instinct</em>, <em>Death Mask</em>, <em>Death Squads</em>, <em>Death System</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>End-of-Life Issues</em>, <em>Epicurus</em>, <em>Epitaphs</em>, <em>Euthanasia</em>, <em>Exhumation</em>, <em>Exposure to the Elements</em>, <em>Extinction</em>, <em>Famine</em>, <em>Feifel, Herman</em>, <em>Firearms</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Gilgamesh</em>, <em>Gods and Goddesses of Life and Death</em>, <em>Good Death, the</em>, <em>Gravestones and Other Markers</em>, <em>Greek Tragedy</em>, <em>Grief</em>, <em>Grief and Mourning in Cross-Cultural Perspective</em>, <em>Grief Counseling and Therapy</em>, <em>Heaven</em>, <em>Heaven's Gate</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Hospice in Historical Perspective</em>, <em>Hospice Option</em>, <em>How Death Came into the World</em>, <em>Human Remains</em>, <em>Hunger Strikes</em>, <em>Hunting</em>, <em>Iatrogenic Illness</em>, <em>Immortality</em>, <em>Immortality, Symbolic</em>, <em>Incan Religion</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Kennewick Man</em>, <em>Kevorkian, Jack</em>, <em>Kierkegaard, Søren</em>, <em>Kronos</em>, <em>Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth</em>, <em>Last Words</em>, <em>Lawn Garden Cemeteries</em>, <em>Lazarus</em>, <em>Lessons from the Dying</em>, <em>Life Events</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Nursing Education</em>, <em>Nutrition and Exercise</em>, <em>Omens</em>, <em>Ontological Confrontation</em>, <em>Operatic Death</em>, <em>Organ Donation and Transplantation</em>, <em>Organized Crime</em>, <em>Orpheus</em>, <em>Osiris</em>, <em>Pain and Pain Management</em>, etc… </p>
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<p>Contains articles like <em>Pyramids</em>, <em>Qin Shih Huang's Tomb</em>, <em>Quinlan, Karen Ann</em>, <em>Rahner, Karl</em>, <em>Reincarnation</em>, <em>Replacement Children</em>, <em>Resuscitation</em>, <em>Revolutionaries and "Death for the Cause!"</em>, <em>Right-to-Die Movement</em>, <em>Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes</em>, etc… </p>
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Search the Encyclopedia of Death and Dying
## [A-Bi](A-Bi/index.html)
Contains articles like *Abortion*, *Advance Directives*, *African Religions*, *Afterlife in Cross-Cultural Perspective*, *Aids*, *Animal Companions*, *Anthropological Perspective*, *Anxiety and Fear*, *Apocalypse*, *Ariès, Philippe*, etc…
## [Bl-Ce](Bl-Ce/index.html)
Contains articles like *Black Death*, *Black Stork*, *Bonsen, F. Z.*, *Brain Death*, *Brompton's Cocktail*, *Brown, John*, *Buddhism*, *Burial Grounds*, *Buried Alive*, *Cadaver Experiences*, etc…
## [Ce-Da](Ce-Da/index.html)
Contains articles like *Cemeteries, War*, *Charnel Houses*, *Charon and the River Styx*, *Children*, *Children and Adolescents' Understanding of Death*, *Children and Media Violence*, *Children and Their Rights in Life and Death Situations*, *Children, Caring for When Life-Threatened or Dying*, *Children, Murder of*, *Chinese Beliefs*, etc…
## [Da-Em](Da-Em/index.html)
Contains articles like *Darwin, Charles*, *Days of the Dead*, *Dead Ghetto*, *Deathbed Visions and Escorts*, *Death Certificate*, *Death Education*, *Death Instinct*, *Death Mask*, *Death Squads*, *Death System*, etc…
## [En-Gh](En-Gh/index.html)
Contains articles like *End-of-Life Issues*, *Epicurus*, *Epitaphs*, *Euthanasia*, *Exhumation*, *Exposure to the Elements*, *Extinction*, *Famine*, *Feifel, Herman*, *Firearms*, etc…
## [Gi-Ho](Gi-Ho/index.html)
Contains articles like *Gilgamesh*, *Gods and Goddesses of Life and Death*, *Good Death, the*, *Gravestones and Other Markers*, *Greek Tragedy*, *Grief*, *Grief and Mourning in Cross-Cultural Perspective*, *Grief Counseling and Therapy*, *Heaven*, *Heaven's Gate*, etc…
## [Ho-Ka](Ho-Ka/index.html)
Contains articles like *Hospice in Historical Perspective*, *Hospice Option*, *How Death Came into the World*, *Human Remains*, *Hunger Strikes*, *Hunting*, *Iatrogenic Illness*, *Immortality*, *Immortality, Symbolic*, *Incan Religion*, etc…
## [Ke-Ma](Ke-Ma/index.html)
Contains articles like *Kennewick Man*, *Kevorkian, Jack*, *Kierkegaard, Søren*, *Kronos*, *Kübler-Ross, Elisabeth*, *Last Words*, *Lawn Garden Cemeteries*, *Lazarus*, *Lessons from the Dying*, *Life Events*, etc…
## [Me-Nu](Me-Nu/index.html)
Contains articles like *Memento Mori*, *Memorialization, Spontaneous*, *Memorial, Virtual*, *Metaphors and Euphemisms*, *Mind-Body Problem*, *Miscarriage*, *Missing in Action*, *Moment of Death*, *Mortality, Childbirth*, *Mortality, Infant*, etc…
## [Nu-Pu](Nu-Pu/index.html)
Contains articles like *Nursing Education*, *Nutrition and Exercise*, *Omens*, *Ontological Confrontation*, *Operatic Death*, *Organ Donation and Transplantation*, *Organized Crime*, *Orpheus*, *Osiris*, *Pain and Pain Management*, etc…
## [Py-Se](Py-Se/index.html)
Contains articles like *Pyramids*, *Qin Shih Huang's Tomb*, *Quinlan, Karen Ann*, *Rahner, Karl*, *Reincarnation*, *Replacement Children*, *Resuscitation*, *Revolutionaries and "Death for the Cause!"*, *Right-to-Die Movement*, *Rigor Mortis and Other Postmortem Changes*, etc…
## [Sh-Sy](Sh-Sy/index.html)
Contains articles like *Shakespeare, William*, *Shamanism*, *Shinto*, *Sikhism*, *Sin Eater*, *Social Functions of Death*, *Socrates*, *Soul Birds*, *Spiritual Crisis*, *Spiritualism Movement*, etc…
## [Sy-Vi](Sy-Vi/index.html)
Contains articles like *Symptoms and Symptom Management*, *Taboos and Social Stigma*, *Taoism*, *Taylor, Jeremy*, *Technology and Death*, *Terrorism*, *Terrorist Attacks on America*, *Terror Management Theory*, *Thanatology*, *Thanatomimesis*, etc…
## [Vi-Z](Vi-Z/index.html)
Contains articles like *Visual Arts*, *Voodoo*, *Waco*, *Wake*, *War*, *Washington, George*, *Weber, Max*, *Widow-Burning*, *Widowers*, *Widows*, etc…
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<TITLE>Iguaçu Falls</TITLE>
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<HR CENTER SIZE=5 WIDTH=100% NOSHADE>
<H1>Iguaçu Falls</H1>
<H3>4-5 July, 2012</H3>
<HR CENTER SIZE=5 WIDTH=100% NOSHADE>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
The Devil's Throat. Photo by Eric.
<P>
<img src="13falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
Lonely Planet's <I>Brazil</I> describes the Iguaçu Falls as wider than Niagara, taller than Victoria and prettier than either. We missed the falls on our last trip to Brazil because we didn't know exactly what an attraction they were. While sitting on the plane leaving the country, we saw a video with pictures of the falls, and were sad they we didn't get to see them. We were determined not to make the same mistake again. The falls are also on the Argentinean border, giving us the opportunity to visit a new country.
<P>
<H3>Brazil</H3>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Getting to Iguaçu requires a two-hour plane flight from Rio de Janeiro. From the plane, I took this picture of the Rio de Janeiro coast.
<P>
<img src="01praia.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Our first view of the falls, from the air.
<P>
<img src="02falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
There are only a few hotels in the area of the falls, and none is particularly cheap. We chose the Hotel de Cataratas, because it was the only one inside the park, affording opportunities for visiting the falls after the park was closed to other visitors. Since we were only staying in the area for about 24 hours, this seemed like a major benefit. Sometimes it's nice to stay in a high-end place. Generally speaking, I was very impressed by the professionalism of the staff, even in e-mail before we arrived.
<P>
<img src="03hotel.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
On checking in, we found that we had inadvertently picked a special time to come to Iguaçu. As the moon would be full, there would be an opportunity to go out and see a moonbow after dark. There was a tour at 22:15--for BR30, or about US$30 for the two of us. We decided we'd try to find the moonbow on our own.
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Because we were there during the low season, we got a free upgrade to a nicer room. The bed was even reasonably comfortable for my back.
<P>
<img src="03room.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
The hotel is literally right next to the falls. The views from the parking lot are tremendous.
<P>
<img src="03view.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
But before we could see much, we had to get food. Since this is a remote area where there isn't anything but the hotels and the national park, we could only eat in the hotel. Even eating at the pool bar meant expensive, time-consuming table service. But it was very pretty.
<P>
<img src="03piscina.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
While I had rejected the idea of booking any organized tours in advance, preferring to do everything on our own, it soon became obvious that this was rather difficult to do. The hote had sent me a list of activities, including helicopter tours. We decided that, as much as we would have loved to have seen the falls from a helicopter, the price was too prohibitive. There were many other activities, like rappelling down the side of the falls, that we rejected. We decided that we wanted to go under the falls in a boat, and to see the Argentinean side. We had planned to see the Argentinean side our first day and do the boat tour the second day, when we expected to be rushing for the airport and not have as much time.
<P>
However, it soon became apparent that getting to the Argentinean side without the assistance of the hotel would be virtually impossible. It was an hour's cab ride. And it would take several hours to see the Argentinean side effectively. If we got up really early in the morning, packed up our stuff, left the hotel, went to see it and then went directly to the airport from there, it would be possible--by hiring a personal driver arranged through the hotel for quite a bit of money. Maybe, given more time, we could have found a cheaper way to do this, but since time at this point was more limited than money, we agreed to have the hotel arrange it.
<P>
Furthermore, it was now after 15:00, and it would be dark around 17:30. Remember that it's summer here in the Southern Hemisphere. We were fairly close to the time the boats would stop running for the day, and it would be best to have the hotel arrange a cab ride to and from the boats. Surely, it turned out, we could have saved some money by taking the park bus, but given our time limitations, we let the hotel arrange it.
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
The boat ride was a perfect illustration of the differences between American and Brazilian culture. If you take a boat under Niagara Falls, it looks like the picture at <A HREF = "http://www.niagaraparks.com/attractions/maid-of-the-mist.html/"> this link</A>.
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
If you take a "boat" under the Iguaçu Falls, it looks like this:
<P>
<img src="03boat.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
Eric says it's technically not a whitewater raft, because it has engines. BIG engines. They need a very high power-to-weight ratio to fight the strong currents under the falls. The "boat" ride under the falls was kind of fun. The views were great, but, because of all the water, we couldn't take any pictures.
<P>
When we got back to the hotel, there was still a little bit of light, so we walked along the path along the falls, heading, of course, for a geocache. Most of the water falls from the Argentinean side, so the views from the Brazilian side are better. At one end, though, there is a horseshoe where some water falls from the Brazilian side, too.
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
The views were fabulous.
<P>
<img src="04falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
<P>
<img src="05falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
<P>
<img src="09falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
We could see into the horseshoe, which they call the Devil's Throat.
<P>
<img src="08throat.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
It kept getting darker and darker, though, and eventually, the sun set over the falls.
<P>
<img src="10sunset.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
Eventually, we came to a fork in the path. One way went down to the Devil's Throat, the other up to the main road. Since it was dark, we went up to the road. We poked around with a flashlight looking for our geocache, but didn't find it. A driver came over and said he was about to leave with the last bus for the night, would we like to come with him? We decided to give up and go back to the hotel. We had a nice little nap and availed ourselves of an exceedingly expensive dinner in the bar.
<P>
After dinner, we headed out for the moonbow, leaving at 22:05 in an attempt to stay ahead of the 22:15 tour group. When we got outside, we saw that there was significant cloud cover. But the nearly full moon was peeking out of the clouds frequently, so we decided to take a chance and go looking for the moonbow.
<P>
We headed down the same path as before, down many steps, about 1 km (more than half a mile). The path was dark and lonely. Eventually, we came to the fork, and took the fork down toward the Devil's Throat instead of up toward the road. Soon, we came to a large platform, with an elevator going back up to the road. No one was around, and we were right next to the falls. It was eerie and wonderful at the same time. We could not, however, see the moonbow, or even the moon, as it was behind the cliff.
<P>
The tour never showed up. Apparently the guide thought it was too cloudy. We saw one other person out looking for the moonbow, but no moonbow.
<P>
The platform had several levels, so we walked down to the lower one. We were very close to the falls, looking out at an area where the water pooled before cascading down further to the river. Still no moonbow. In the dark, I could just make out a structure out at the edge of the pooled area, where the next cascade started. What was it? It looked like some sort of fencing. I thought at first it was a barrier to keep people from falling off the edge, but it really looked too high above the water to be effective.
<P>
Eric looked at it, and thought that it was a walkway. He wanted to go down and check it out. I was anxious to get to bed, as it was already something like 22:45, and we needed to get up at 6:00 for our trip to Argentina in the morning. Reluctantly, I agreed to go down another level and try to see what was out there.
<P>
It did turn out to be a walkway. And what an unbelievable walkway! It was practically right out at the edge of the cascade! Americans would never build such a thing--they would deem it too dangerous. We went out on the walkway, amazed at how close we were to the edge. The walkway curved around so that you had a great view looking back at the upper falls. It was too dark to take any pictures, and we lamented that we had not come down here during the day. We felt we had wasted the afternoon on the boat trip when we could have seen something much more amazing.
<P>
The walkway went right into the spray of the waterfall. We were getting wetter and wetter, and I was more and more anxious to get back to the hotel, when suddenly I looked out over the edge of the lower cascade.
<P>
"The moonbow!"
<P>
There it was, shining in the mist! About 180 degrees of arc, with one side a bit brighter than the other. Eric had seen a picture of what it could look like under ideal circumstances and found the actual instance rather faint, but to me it was pretty impressive. We saw the moonbow! There was no way it would show up in a picture, though. We would just have the memories.
<P>
Drenched and exhausted, but very excited, we made our way back up the path to the hotel.
<P>
We got up early in the morning, packed up our stuff, and had a lovely (complimentary) breakfast in the hotel restaurant. The Brazilian fruits, especially the melons, are fabulous. We had been so entranced by the Devil's Throat that we decided to have the driver take us back there first so we could see it during the day. It would make the Argentina part of the trip rushed, but we really, really wanted to see it by daylight.
<P>
At 7:30, we went to look for the cab driver, and there was no one. The concierge's office, which had arranged the trip, was not yet open. Apparently, the concierge's office made a mistake and did not actually schedule our Argentina trip! That was the one flaw in the hotel's otherwise impeccable service. But the front desk staff managed to arrange for a cab to show up by 7:55. We lost almost half an hour, but we did get to go to Argentina.
<P>
Our cab driver was named Cleiton. He had brought us to the hotel from the airport the day before. He apologized for his English, but it was actually very good. Cleiton was really wonderful in every way and gave us a fabulous tour. He made sure that, even though our time was limited, we saw everything we wanted to see and still made it to the airport in plenty of time. We did not feel that we missed out on anything.
<P>
Cleiton loved the Devil's Throat and came down to see it with us. We had plastic ponchos that we had bought for the boat, but Cleiton got very wet!
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
The Devil's Throat was definitely worth the time it took! View of the falls from the upper platform.
<P>
<img src="11Afalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Here is the walkway. See how close to the edge it is?
<P>
<img src="12walk.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
A very wet Cleiton took our picture in front of the falls. The picture at the top of this page was also taken from this vantage point.
<P>
<img src="14usfalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<H3>Argentina</H3>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Next, we were on to Argentina, a brand-new country for us! There is a bridge that goes over the Rio Iguaçu separating the two countries. The Jersey barriers are painted the flag colors of the respective countries so that you know exactly when you go from one country to the other. Eric took a picture of the barriers.
<P>
<img src="16Aflags.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Cleiton stopped on the shoulder in the middle of the bridge (yes, you can do things like that there) so that we could see the meeting of not two but three countries. The photo looks north. On the right is Brazil, on the left, Argentina, and, in the distance, Paraguay. Unfortunately, it is not recommended that tourists visit this particular part of Paraguay, which is mostly dedicated to illegal activities.
<P>
<img src="16threecountries.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Cleiton took our passports and dealt with the border crossing, which was no problem. We made it to Argentina! Eric took my picture in front of a park sign.
<P>
<img src="17Asign.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
There are four areas you can visit on the Argentinean side of the Iguaçu Falls. First, there is another spot called the Devil's Throat, and you have to take a little train to get there. Next, there are two trails, upper and lower. There is also an island between two major sections of the falls. This was the one thing we couldn't go to, because you need a whole day for it.
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Eric took a picture of the train. I read a web site that said that the noise from the train was controversial because it scared wildlife, but that it may have been a benefit to the jungle because it replaced a lot of vehicle traffic. However, the contract to operate it was awarded to a private company, which was also controversial. Things are the same all over.
<P>
<img src="17Atrem.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
In order to get to the Devil's Throat, you had to cross a 1-km section of the river on these walkways. It would have been amazingly pretty except that it was mostly a prelude to something more exciting.
<P>
<img src="17river.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
This lovely tropical bird is a Plush-Crested Jay. Eric got better pictures of him than I did, so I'll use his.
<P>
<img src="18Bjay.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Eric got a picture of two of the jays together.
<P>
<img src="18Ajays.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Then, we saw an alligator!
<P>
<img src="19alligator.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Then we came to the edge of the Argentinean Devil's Throat.
<P>
<img src="20falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
<P>
<img src="21falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Looking right into the Throat.
<P>
<img src="23falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Looking across the Throat. While the path afforded great views of the falls, it only came up to the edge on one side. I'm sure it would have been amazingly exciting if it weren't for the fact that the Brazilians had put in an even more exciting path. It was a sight to see, but not quite as much of a sight as we had seen earlier.
<P>
<img src="24falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
We found a Spanish-speaking woman to take our picture. It was so strange to try to communicate in Spanish again after several days of Portuguese.
<P>
<img src="25Ausfalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
On the way back, we got a nice view of this Cocoi Heron.
<P>
<img src="26heron.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Then we saw these Yellow-fronted Woodpeckers.
<P>
<img src="27woodpeckers.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
We went on the lower trail first, because the upper trail was more crowded and we were worried about getting back in time for the plane. We got some nice close-up views of the falls.
<P>
<img src="28falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
<P>
<img src="29ericfalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Someone took our picture all wrapped up in our raincoats. This spot was very wet, but it was a point for an earth cache. We got an Argentinean cache!
<P>
<img src="29Ausfalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Another view from the lower trail. There were lots of little side waterfalls.
<P>
<img src="32falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
It was difficult to get a good picture of these Great Dusky Swifts, but they are interesting birds. They nest behind the waterfall. In order to get to their nests, they fly up and then dive down until they match the speed of the falling water. Then they fly through the water to their nests.
<P>
<img src="31swifts.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
This <I>coati</I>, a raccoon relative, was everywhere. Clearly people were feeding them.
<P>
<img src="31Acoati.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Quickly we hurried along the upper trail for another great falls view.
<P>
<img src="34falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
<img src="36falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Looking right down at it.
<P>
<img src="33falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Leaning over to look even further down. Below, you can see people on the lower trail.
<P>
<img src="37falls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
Cleiton took our picture. Up here, you didn't even have to get wet.
<P>
<img src="35usfalls.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<div style="float:left; width:900px">
We did not, unfortunately, get to see any toucans, but we had one more bird surprise on our way back to the car. These are Southern Lapwings. They are called "Quero Quero" in Portuguese, which means, "I want, I want."
<P>
<img src="38queroquero.jpg" />
</div>
<P>
<br clear="all" />
<P>
<P>
On to <A HREF = "http://www.zuckershack.org/travel/brazil2/02rj/02leme">Praia Leme (Leme Beach)</A>.
<P>
<HR CENTER SIZE=5 WIDTH=100% NOSHADE>
<P>
<H6>Last updated: <I>05/07/2012</I>
by <A HREF="mailto:usboth_AT_zuckershack_DOT_org">Eric and Beth Zuckerman</A></H6>
<P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
Iguaçu Falls
---
# Iguaçu Falls
### 4-5 July, 2012
---
The Devil's Throat. Photo by Eric.
Lonely Planet's *Brazil* describes the Iguaçu Falls as wider than Niagara, taller than Victoria and prettier than either. We missed the falls on our last trip to Brazil because we didn't know exactly what an attraction they were. While sitting on the plane leaving the country, we saw a video with pictures of the falls, and were sad they we didn't get to see them. We were determined not to make the same mistake again. The falls are also on the Argentinean border, giving us the opportunity to visit a new country.
### Brazil
Getting to Iguaçu requires a two-hour plane flight from Rio de Janeiro. From the plane, I took this picture of the Rio de Janeiro coast.
Our first view of the falls, from the air.
There are only a few hotels in the area of the falls, and none is particularly cheap. We chose the Hotel de Cataratas, because it was the only one inside the park, affording opportunities for visiting the falls after the park was closed to other visitors. Since we were only staying in the area for about 24 hours, this seemed like a major benefit. Sometimes it's nice to stay in a high-end place. Generally speaking, I was very impressed by the professionalism of the staff, even in e-mail before we arrived.
On checking in, we found that we had inadvertently picked a special time to come to Iguaçu. As the moon would be full, there would be an opportunity to go out and see a moonbow after dark. There was a tour at 22:15--for BR30, or about US$30 for the two of us. We decided we'd try to find the moonbow on our own.
Because we were there during the low season, we got a free upgrade to a nicer room. The bed was even reasonably comfortable for my back.
The hotel is literally right next to the falls. The views from the parking lot are tremendous.
But before we could see much, we had to get food. Since this is a remote area where there isn't anything but the hotels and the national park, we could only eat in the hotel. Even eating at the pool bar meant expensive, time-consuming table service. But it was very pretty.
While I had rejected the idea of booking any organized tours in advance, preferring to do everything on our own, it soon became obvious that this was rather difficult to do. The hote had sent me a list of activities, including helicopter tours. We decided that, as much as we would have loved to have seen the falls from a helicopter, the price was too prohibitive. There were many other activities, like rappelling down the side of the falls, that we rejected. We decided that we wanted to go under the falls in a boat, and to see the Argentinean side. We had planned to see the Argentinean side our first day and do the boat tour the second day, when we expected to be rushing for the airport and not have as much time.
However, it soon became apparent that getting to the Argentinean side without the assistance of the hotel would be virtually impossible. It was an hour's cab ride. And it would take several hours to see the Argentinean side effectively. If we got up really early in the morning, packed up our stuff, left the hotel, went to see it and then went directly to the airport from there, it would be possible--by hiring a personal driver arranged through the hotel for quite a bit of money. Maybe, given more time, we could have found a cheaper way to do this, but since time at this point was more limited than money, we agreed to have the hotel arrange it.
Furthermore, it was now after 15:00, and it would be dark around 17:30. Remember that it's summer here in the Southern Hemisphere. We were fairly close to the time the boats would stop running for the day, and it would be best to have the hotel arrange a cab ride to and from the boats. Surely, it turned out, we could have saved some money by taking the park bus, but given our time limitations, we let the hotel arrange it.
The boat ride was a perfect illustration of the differences between American and Brazilian culture. If you take a boat under Niagara Falls, it looks like the picture at [this link](http://www.niagaraparks.com/attractions/maid-of-the-mist.html/).
If you take a "boat" under the Iguaçu Falls, it looks like this:
Eric says it's technically not a whitewater raft, because it has engines. BIG engines. They need a very high power-to-weight ratio to fight the strong currents under the falls. The "boat" ride under the falls was kind of fun. The views were great, but, because of all the water, we couldn't take any pictures.
When we got back to the hotel, there was still a little bit of light, so we walked along the path along the falls, heading, of course, for a geocache. Most of the water falls from the Argentinean side, so the views from the Brazilian side are better. At one end, though, there is a horseshoe where some water falls from the Brazilian side, too.
The views were fabulous.
We could see into the horseshoe, which they call the Devil's Throat.
It kept getting darker and darker, though, and eventually, the sun set over the falls.
Eventually, we came to a fork in the path. One way went down to the Devil's Throat, the other up to the main road. Since it was dark, we went up to the road. We poked around with a flashlight looking for our geocache, but didn't find it. A driver came over and said he was about to leave with the last bus for the night, would we like to come with him? We decided to give up and go back to the hotel. We had a nice little nap and availed ourselves of an exceedingly expensive dinner in the bar.
After dinner, we headed out for the moonbow, leaving at 22:05 in an attempt to stay ahead of the 22:15 tour group. When we got outside, we saw that there was significant cloud cover. But the nearly full moon was peeking out of the clouds frequently, so we decided to take a chance and go looking for the moonbow.
We headed down the same path as before, down many steps, about 1 km (more than half a mile). The path was dark and lonely. Eventually, we came to the fork, and took the fork down toward the Devil's Throat instead of up toward the road. Soon, we came to a large platform, with an elevator going back up to the road. No one was around, and we were right next to the falls. It was eerie and wonderful at the same time. We could not, however, see the moonbow, or even the moon, as it was behind the cliff.
The tour never showed up. Apparently the guide thought it was too cloudy. We saw one other person out looking for the moonbow, but no moonbow.
The platform had several levels, so we walked down to the lower one. We were very close to the falls, looking out at an area where the water pooled before cascading down further to the river. Still no moonbow. In the dark, I could just make out a structure out at the edge of the pooled area, where the next cascade started. What was it? It looked like some sort of fencing. I thought at first it was a barrier to keep people from falling off the edge, but it really looked too high above the water to be effective.
Eric looked at it, and thought that it was a walkway. He wanted to go down and check it out. I was anxious to get to bed, as it was already something like 22:45, and we needed to get up at 6:00 for our trip to Argentina in the morning. Reluctantly, I agreed to go down another level and try to see what was out there.
It did turn out to be a walkway. And what an unbelievable walkway! It was practically right out at the edge of the cascade! Americans would never build such a thing--they would deem it too dangerous. We went out on the walkway, amazed at how close we were to the edge. The walkway curved around so that you had a great view looking back at the upper falls. It was too dark to take any pictures, and we lamented that we had not come down here during the day. We felt we had wasted the afternoon on the boat trip when we could have seen something much more amazing.
The walkway went right into the spray of the waterfall. We were getting wetter and wetter, and I was more and more anxious to get back to the hotel, when suddenly I looked out over the edge of the lower cascade.
"The moonbow!"
There it was, shining in the mist! About 180 degrees of arc, with one side a bit brighter than the other. Eric had seen a picture of what it could look like under ideal circumstances and found the actual instance rather faint, but to me it was pretty impressive. We saw the moonbow! There was no way it would show up in a picture, though. We would just have the memories.
Drenched and exhausted, but very excited, we made our way back up the path to the hotel.
We got up early in the morning, packed up our stuff, and had a lovely (complimentary) breakfast in the hotel restaurant. The Brazilian fruits, especially the melons, are fabulous. We had been so entranced by the Devil's Throat that we decided to have the driver take us back there first so we could see it during the day. It would make the Argentina part of the trip rushed, but we really, really wanted to see it by daylight.
At 7:30, we went to look for the cab driver, and there was no one. The concierge's office, which had arranged the trip, was not yet open. Apparently, the concierge's office made a mistake and did not actually schedule our Argentina trip! That was the one flaw in the hotel's otherwise impeccable service. But the front desk staff managed to arrange for a cab to show up by 7:55. We lost almost half an hour, but we did get to go to Argentina.
Our cab driver was named Cleiton. He had brought us to the hotel from the airport the day before. He apologized for his English, but it was actually very good. Cleiton was really wonderful in every way and gave us a fabulous tour. He made sure that, even though our time was limited, we saw everything we wanted to see and still made it to the airport in plenty of time. We did not feel that we missed out on anything.
Cleiton loved the Devil's Throat and came down to see it with us. We had plastic ponchos that we had bought for the boat, but Cleiton got very wet!
The Devil's Throat was definitely worth the time it took! View of the falls from the upper platform.
Here is the walkway. See how close to the edge it is?
A very wet Cleiton took our picture in front of the falls. The picture at the top of this page was also taken from this vantage point.
### Argentina
Next, we were on to Argentina, a brand-new country for us! There is a bridge that goes over the Rio Iguaçu separating the two countries. The Jersey barriers are painted the flag colors of the respective countries so that you know exactly when you go from one country to the other. Eric took a picture of the barriers.
Cleiton stopped on the shoulder in the middle of the bridge (yes, you can do things like that there) so that we could see the meeting of not two but three countries. The photo looks north. On the right is Brazil, on the left, Argentina, and, in the distance, Paraguay. Unfortunately, it is not recommended that tourists visit this particular part of Paraguay, which is mostly dedicated to illegal activities.
Cleiton took our passports and dealt with the border crossing, which was no problem. We made it to Argentina! Eric took my picture in front of a park sign.
There are four areas you can visit on the Argentinean side of the Iguaçu Falls. First, there is another spot called the Devil's Throat, and you have to take a little train to get there. Next, there are two trails, upper and lower. There is also an island between two major sections of the falls. This was the one thing we couldn't go to, because you need a whole day for it.
Eric took a picture of the train. I read a web site that said that the noise from the train was controversial because it scared wildlife, but that it may have been a benefit to the jungle because it replaced a lot of vehicle traffic. However, the contract to operate it was awarded to a private company, which was also controversial. Things are the same all over.
In order to get to the Devil's Throat, you had to cross a 1-km section of the river on these walkways. It would have been amazingly pretty except that it was mostly a prelude to something more exciting.
This lovely tropical bird is a Plush-Crested Jay. Eric got better pictures of him than I did, so I'll use his.
Eric got a picture of two of the jays together.
Then, we saw an alligator!
Then we came to the edge of the Argentinean Devil's Throat.
Looking right into the Throat.
Looking across the Throat. While the path afforded great views of the falls, it only came up to the edge on one side. I'm sure it would have been amazingly exciting if it weren't for the fact that the Brazilians had put in an even more exciting path. It was a sight to see, but not quite as much of a sight as we had seen earlier.
We found a Spanish-speaking woman to take our picture. It was so strange to try to communicate in Spanish again after several days of Portuguese.
On the way back, we got a nice view of this Cocoi Heron.
Then we saw these Yellow-fronted Woodpeckers.
We went on the lower trail first, because the upper trail was more crowded and we were worried about getting back in time for the plane. We got some nice close-up views of the falls.
Someone took our picture all wrapped up in our raincoats. This spot was very wet, but it was a point for an earth cache. We got an Argentinean cache!
Another view from the lower trail. There were lots of little side waterfalls.
It was difficult to get a good picture of these Great Dusky Swifts, but they are interesting birds. They nest behind the waterfall. In order to get to their nests, they fly up and then dive down until they match the speed of the falling water. Then they fly through the water to their nests.
This *coati*, a raccoon relative, was everywhere. Clearly people were feeding them.
Quickly we hurried along the upper trail for another great falls view.
Looking right down at it.
Leaning over to look even further down. Below, you can see people on the lower trail.
Cleiton took our picture. Up here, you didn't even have to get wet.
We did not, unfortunately, get to see any toucans, but we had one more bird surprise on our way back to the car. These are Southern Lapwings. They are called "Quero Quero" in Portuguese, which means, "I want, I want."
On to [Praia Leme (Leme Beach)](http://www.zuckershack.org/travel/brazil2/02rj/02leme).
---
###### Last updated: *05/07/2012*
by [Eric and Beth Zuckerman](mailto:usboth_AT_zuckershack_DOT_org)
| http://www.zuckershack.org/travel/brazil2/03iguacu/ |
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<P><HR><P>
<P>
<A HREF="hall.jpg">
<IMG SRC="hall-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=RIGHT
WIDTH=81 HEIGHT=114></A>
In January of 1995, <A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19970220012313/http%3A//home.netscape.com/">Netscape</A> (All
Praise the <A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980109011204/http%3A//home.mcom.com/"> Company</A>) moved from
our old, tiny offices on the 5th floor of
an office building at 650 Castro Street into new offices in our own
building at 501 East Middlefield. New offices on which vast sums of
money had been spent. New offices designed by someone who watched
entirely too much <I>Star Trek</I>. The decorator seems to have had a
real fixation here; it was a sea of cubicles, but they were at funny
angles to each other, and the walls were light beige with a dark red
raised stripe running down the middle. It was so Starfleet it's not
even funny. I felt like I should be blowing a
<A HREF="intercom.au">whistle</A> and saying <I>``permission to come
aboard''</I> when I arrived.
<P>Something had to be done.
<P>
<A HREF="cubes.jpg">
<IMG SRC="cubes-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=LEFT
WIDTH=184 HEIGHT=125></A>
So, the first day we moved in was a pretty lousy day, and I was stressed
out about various shit involving having to move my machine, crawl around on
the floor, find longer cables, and so on. The usual ``moving is a drag''
scenario.
<A HREF="net1.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net1-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=RIGHT
WIDTH=155 HEIGHT=179></A>
I needed a tension reliever in a big way, so
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980426131222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/montulli/">Lou</A> and I drove down
to the friendly neighborhood army surplus store, and I bought about five
hundred square feet of camouflage netting.
<P>The guy at the store seemed kind of surprised. I don't think they sell
a lot of that stuff. I'm not sure he really believed my credit card wasn't
stolen.
<P>At this point, it's safe to say that I now had the coolest, scariest
cubicle in the world. I hung the netting from the ceiling tiles with
short pieces of phone wire, so that it draped down and covered the walls
of the cubicle. It also made a nice door: people actually asked
<I>``can I come in''</I> before hassling me. Feature! And nobody could
ever figure out how to get in to my <NOBR>office --</NOBR> they just
could not accept the fact that, yes, you had to reach down and lift the
curtain, you couldn't just slide it aside. Sometimes when I was feeling
particularly ornery I'd just sit there and watch them struggle and get
more and more uncomfortable with the unfamiliar paradigm instead of
telling them <I>lift it up.</I> Hee hee hee. Wiggle in my net, little
flies.
<P>
<A HREF="net4.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net4-small.jpg" HSPACE=8 VSPACE=8 ALIGN=LEFT
WIDTH=211 HEIGHT=140></A>
The net is fairly transparent, but did a nice job of cutting down the
awful life-sucking glare of the fluorescent lights. While inside, it
really gave the feeling that you were out in the woods. The only thing
that was missing was some tapes of birds and screeching monkeys or
something.
<P>The next day, someone told me that the architect guy who designed the
place (he of the Trek fixation) freaked when he saw my little ``tent.''
They tell me he got all red in the face and said things like <I>``this
is his way of saying FUCK YOU to me!''</I>
<P>Some people really take their jobs too seriously. I mean, I've never
met the guy. But it does seem likely that if I had been around and he
got all hot and bothered at me, the phrase ``fuck you'' might well have
been bandied about.
<P>
<A HREF="net6.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net6-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=RIGHT
WIDTH=112 HEIGHT=104></A>
Someone donated a big rubber battle-axe to hang on the door, but I think
what was really called for was more of a South Seas theme; bamboo
spears, shrunken heads on sticks, maybe a big rusty propeller, or part
of an airplane fuselage, to really give it that cargo cult look.
(Donations graciously accepted.)
<P>
<TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0 CELLPADDING=0><TR><TD>
<IMG SRC="section.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=LEFT
WIDTH=89 HEIGHT=89 BORDER=1>
</TD><TD>
<B><FONT size="+1">Deep Thought:</FONT></B><BR>
I think there's someone whose job it was to attach the camouflage parts to
the net part by hand. They're held together with little bits of stiff wire,
placed fairly randomly. I think that that must be a
<A HREF="dm.html">really lousy job.</A>
</TD></TR></TABLE>
<BR CLEAR=LEFT>
<P>
<A HREF="net7.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net7-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=RIGHT
WIDTH=165 HEIGHT=108></A>
During the first two weeks of the Age of the Tarp, it kinda smelled; it
had, after all, been sitting rolled up on the shelf of an army surplus
store for who knows how long.
<A HREF="net3.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net3-small.jpg" HSPACE=8 VSPACE=2 ALIGN=LEFT
WIDTH=183 HEIGHT=122></A>
And when I unrolled it, there were, in fact, dead leaves in it, so this
net is not exactly new. I ran a fan in here at night to air it out,
while <A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980426131222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/montulli/">Lou</A> and
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19981201225157/http%3A//people.netscape.com/blythe/">Garrett</A> whined about it
a bit. Their office abutted the Tent of Doom, you see. However, I felt no
guilt, because their office is also the location of the
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19970617030219/http%3A//home.netscape.com/fishcam/">Amazing Fish-Cam</A>,
and when it is being cleaned (which clearly isn't often enough, or the fish
wouldn't die with such horrific regularity) it smells absolutely awful. Dead
fish, dead fish, dead fish everywhere. At one point there was a small yellow
fish whose fins were tattered and whose left eye had completely rotted away.
That Montulli guy, he's a monster, I tell you, a monster!!
<P>Ahem. Sorry. Got a little carried away.
<P>A few months after it went up, there were photographers running
around doing yet another fashion shoot with
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980426140005/http%3A//people.netscape.com/marca/">marca</A>. (This kind
of thing happens all the time around here. He is the Internet's Own Poster
Boy after all.) Anyway, one of them had this high concept
<NOBR>idea --</NOBR> wait, that's a net. A net is kind of like a web. Wow!
World Wide Web! So they descended upon my cube, filled it with red light,
and took lots of pictures of Marc making faces and holding the rubber axe and
so on. I think they said they were from <I>Newsweek</I>.
<P><FONT SIZE=-2>(Then of course I got my turn in a magazine called
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19990922133931/http%3A//www3.fastcompany.com/online/01/netscape.html">
Fast Company</A>, but the less
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19970616064827/http%3A//www.suck.com/daily/96/04/05/">said
about that</A>, the better...)</FONT>
<P>I'm told that I'm not the first person ever to accessorize with camo
netting; check out <A HREF="rg.html">this</A> highly amusing message.
<P>
<!--
<A HREF="net5.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net5-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=LEFT
WIDTH=171 HEIGHT=114></A>
-->
<A HREF="net2.jpg">
<IMG SRC="net2-small.jpg" HSPACE=4 VSPACE=0 ALIGN=RIGHT
WIDTH=171 HEIGHT=114></A>
Oh, by the way, you may have noticed that the first picture on this
page, the one of the striped hallway, has a nasty moiré pattern
in the carpet. That's not just an artifact of the image; the carpet in
this place really looks like that. Especially
<A HREF="nscp-doom.jpg">late at night.</A> After you've been here for
enough hours, it seethes and writhes at you as you walk down the hall,
skittering away from your feet, taunting you, whispering at you, telling
you to do <I>horrible</I> things to your coworkers in its quiet,
insistent voice. Or maybe that's just me.
<BR CLEAR=BOTH>
<P><BR>
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>Meanwhile, a Year and a Half Later...</H2>
<P>In June of 1996, we moved again, this time to 685 East Middlefield, just
down the street. We still occupy the previous building, and at least four
others, but the engineering department was shuffled off to new territory
this time.
<P>At first, I planned to retire the Tent of Doom at the move; I thought
that it had had its time in the sun (so to speak) and perhaps it was
appropriate to give this story an ending. (One must strive always to
maintain proper narrative structure in one's life and surroundings.)
<P>But then I got email from someone in facilities telling me that they
had been instructed to move and re-hang my net, and asking if I had any
particular handling or hanging requirements!
<P>Well I thought that this was <I>way</I> funny; the net, once
reviled, had now been explicitly added to the move schedule by some
unknown middle-manager. Wow. With treatment like that, perhaps the
net should remain! I asked around, and everyone else thought so, too.
It was a landmark, I was told, even a <I>tradition.</I> But the most
compelling argument was that the net had become a part of the Netscape
Tour; it had been on Japanese television multiple times, someone said:
how could I think of taking it down now?
<P>Ok.
<P>So we moved, and my net ended up in a big pile just outside my
cubicle. I knew that, after the move, fire marshals were known to be
lurking around inspecting things, and the net didn't seem like
something they would look on too fondly, so I attributed the delay in
it being re-hung to that: waiting for the fire marshal to get lost.
But after a few weeks, I asked facilities what was up. Their response?
Nobody in facilities was willing to take on the awesome responsibility,
so perhaps I should do it myself. Sigh. Very well then.
<P>Now, my old office was right in the middle of the engineering
department's sea of cubicles, so the net was a fairly imposing sight.
But my new cubicle differs from my old one in three important ways:
<UL TYPE=CIRCLE COMPACT>
<LI>it's tiny;
</LI><LI>it's in a corner;
</LI><LI>it has a window.
</LI></UL>
These three things together would make the old tent-like configuration
rather less dramatic. A new approach was called for.
<P>So one night, in a burst of cleansing synchronicity,
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980415135728/http%3A//www.trollop.com/people/raven/">Raven</A>,
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19980426132222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/roeber/">Frederick</A>, and I
embarked upon the greatest engineering project that the southeast corner of
685 East Middlefield had ever seen. We hung the net in the open common area
which sits between my office and the
<A HREF="https://web.archive.org/web/19970617030219/http%3A//home.netscape.com/fishcam/">Fish-Cam</A>. Rather than
dangling down to create walls as before, it now spills out along the ceiling,
thus appearing to be about four times larger than before. Which is fitting,
since <I>everything</I> in this new building seems larger than before.
<P><BR>
<H2 ALIGN=CENTER>Whimper, No Bang.</H2>
<P>February 1998.
<P>The company occupies 14 buildings; my office has been moved three times in
less than a year. I gave up on moving the Tent of Doom, and last I heard, it
was rolled up under Frederick's desk.
<P>Alas.
<P><HR><P>
<P ALIGN=CENTER>
<A HREF="../"><IMG ALT="[ up ]"
CLASS="compass" SRC="../compass1.gif"
ONMOUSEOVER='this.src="../compass2.gif"'
ONMOUSEOUT='this.src="../compass1.gif"'></A>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
The Tent of Doom
**my office is cooler than yours.**
© 1995-1996 [Jamie Zawinski](../)
[<jwz@jwz.org>](../about.html)
---
[](hall.jpg)
In January of 1995, [Netscape](https://web.archive.org/web/19970220012313/http%3A//home.netscape.com/) (All
Praise the [Company](https://web.archive.org/web/19980109011204/http%3A//home.mcom.com/)) moved from
our old, tiny offices on the 5th floor of
an office building at 650 Castro Street into new offices in our own
building at 501 East Middlefield. New offices on which vast sums of
money had been spent. New offices designed by someone who watched
entirely too much *Star Trek*. The decorator seems to have had a
real fixation here; it was a sea of cubicles, but they were at funny
angles to each other, and the walls were light beige with a dark red
raised stripe running down the middle. It was so Starfleet it's not
even funny. I felt like I should be blowing a
[whistle](intercom.au) and saying *``permission to come
aboard''* when I arrived.
Something had to be done.
[](cubes.jpg)
So, the first day we moved in was a pretty lousy day, and I was stressed
out about various shit involving having to move my machine, crawl around on
the floor, find longer cables, and so on. The usual ``moving is a drag''
scenario.
[](net1.jpg)
I needed a tension reliever in a big way, so
[Lou](https://web.archive.org/web/19980426131222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/montulli/) and I drove down
to the friendly neighborhood army surplus store, and I bought about five
hundred square feet of camouflage netting.
The guy at the store seemed kind of surprised. I don't think they sell
a lot of that stuff. I'm not sure he really believed my credit card wasn't
stolen.
At this point, it's safe to say that I now had the coolest, scariest
cubicle in the world. I hung the netting from the ceiling tiles with
short pieces of phone wire, so that it draped down and covered the walls
of the cubicle. It also made a nice door: people actually asked
*``can I come in''* before hassling me. Feature! And nobody could
ever figure out how to get in to my office -- they just
could not accept the fact that, yes, you had to reach down and lift the
curtain, you couldn't just slide it aside. Sometimes when I was feeling
particularly ornery I'd just sit there and watch them struggle and get
more and more uncomfortable with the unfamiliar paradigm instead of
telling them *lift it up.* Hee hee hee. Wiggle in my net, little
flies.
[](net4.jpg)
The net is fairly transparent, but did a nice job of cutting down the
awful life-sucking glare of the fluorescent lights. While inside, it
really gave the feeling that you were out in the woods. The only thing
that was missing was some tapes of birds and screeching monkeys or
something.
The next day, someone told me that the architect guy who designed the
place (he of the Trek fixation) freaked when he saw my little ``tent.''
They tell me he got all red in the face and said things like *``this
is his way of saying FUCK YOU to me!''*
Some people really take their jobs too seriously. I mean, I've never
met the guy. But it does seem likely that if I had been around and he
got all hot and bothered at me, the phrase ``fuck you'' might well have
been bandied about.
[](net6.jpg)
Someone donated a big rubber battle-axe to hang on the door, but I think
what was really called for was more of a South Seas theme; bamboo
spears, shrunken heads on sticks, maybe a big rusty propeller, or part
of an airplane fuselage, to really give it that cargo cult look.
(Donations graciously accepted.)
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | **Deep Thought:**
I think there's someone whose job it was to attach the camouflage parts to
the net part by hand. They're held together with little bits of stiff wire,
placed fairly randomly. I think that that must be a
[really lousy job.](dm.html) |
[](net7.jpg)
During the first two weeks of the Age of the Tarp, it kinda smelled; it
had, after all, been sitting rolled up on the shelf of an army surplus
store for who knows how long.
[](net3.jpg)
And when I unrolled it, there were, in fact, dead leaves in it, so this
net is not exactly new. I ran a fan in here at night to air it out,
while [Lou](https://web.archive.org/web/19980426131222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/montulli/) and
[Garrett](https://web.archive.org/web/19981201225157/http%3A//people.netscape.com/blythe/) whined about it
a bit. Their office abutted the Tent of Doom, you see. However, I felt no
guilt, because their office is also the location of the
[Amazing Fish-Cam](https://web.archive.org/web/19970617030219/http%3A//home.netscape.com/fishcam/),
and when it is being cleaned (which clearly isn't often enough, or the fish
wouldn't die with such horrific regularity) it smells absolutely awful. Dead
fish, dead fish, dead fish everywhere. At one point there was a small yellow
fish whose fins were tattered and whose left eye had completely rotted away.
That Montulli guy, he's a monster, I tell you, a monster!!
Ahem. Sorry. Got a little carried away.
A few months after it went up, there were photographers running
around doing yet another fashion shoot with
[marca](https://web.archive.org/web/19980426140005/http%3A//people.netscape.com/marca/). (This kind
of thing happens all the time around here. He is the Internet's Own Poster
Boy after all.) Anyway, one of them had this high concept
idea -- wait, that's a net. A net is kind of like a web. Wow!
World Wide Web! So they descended upon my cube, filled it with red light,
and took lots of pictures of Marc making faces and holding the rubber axe and
so on. I think they said they were from *Newsweek*.
(Then of course I got my turn in a magazine called
[Fast Company](https://web.archive.org/web/19990922133931/http%3A//www3.fastcompany.com/online/01/netscape.html), but the less
[said
about that](https://web.archive.org/web/19970616064827/http%3A//www.suck.com/daily/96/04/05/), the better...)
I'm told that I'm not the first person ever to accessorize with camo
netting; check out [this](rg.html) highly amusing message.
[](net2.jpg)
Oh, by the way, you may have noticed that the first picture on this
page, the one of the striped hallway, has a nasty moiré pattern
in the carpet. That's not just an artifact of the image; the carpet in
this place really looks like that. Especially
[late at night.](nscp-doom.jpg) After you've been here for
enough hours, it seethes and writhes at you as you walk down the hall,
skittering away from your feet, taunting you, whispering at you, telling
you to do *horrible* things to your coworkers in its quiet,
insistent voice. Or maybe that's just me.
## Meanwhile, a Year and a Half Later...
In June of 1996, we moved again, this time to 685 East Middlefield, just
down the street. We still occupy the previous building, and at least four
others, but the engineering department was shuffled off to new territory
this time.
At first, I planned to retire the Tent of Doom at the move; I thought
that it had had its time in the sun (so to speak) and perhaps it was
appropriate to give this story an ending. (One must strive always to
maintain proper narrative structure in one's life and surroundings.)
But then I got email from someone in facilities telling me that they
had been instructed to move and re-hang my net, and asking if I had any
particular handling or hanging requirements!
Well I thought that this was *way* funny; the net, once
reviled, had now been explicitly added to the move schedule by some
unknown middle-manager. Wow. With treatment like that, perhaps the
net should remain! I asked around, and everyone else thought so, too.
It was a landmark, I was told, even a *tradition.* But the most
compelling argument was that the net had become a part of the Netscape
Tour; it had been on Japanese television multiple times, someone said:
how could I think of taking it down now?
Ok.
So we moved, and my net ended up in a big pile just outside my
cubicle. I knew that, after the move, fire marshals were known to be
lurking around inspecting things, and the net didn't seem like
something they would look on too fondly, so I attributed the delay in
it being re-hung to that: waiting for the fire marshal to get lost.
But after a few weeks, I asked facilities what was up. Their response?
Nobody in facilities was willing to take on the awesome responsibility,
so perhaps I should do it myself. Sigh. Very well then.
Now, my old office was right in the middle of the engineering
department's sea of cubicles, so the net was a fairly imposing sight.
But my new cubicle differs from my old one in three important ways:
* it's tiny;
* it's in a corner;
* it has a window.
These three things together would make the old tent-like configuration
rather less dramatic. A new approach was called for.
So one night, in a burst of cleansing synchronicity,
[Raven](https://web.archive.org/web/19980415135728/http%3A//www.trollop.com/people/raven/),
[Frederick](https://web.archive.org/web/19980426132222/http%3A//people.netscape.com/roeber/), and I
embarked upon the greatest engineering project that the southeast corner of
685 East Middlefield had ever seen. We hung the net in the open common area
which sits between my office and the
[Fish-Cam](https://web.archive.org/web/19970617030219/http%3A//home.netscape.com/fishcam/). Rather than
dangling down to create walls as before, it now spills out along the ceiling,
thus appearing to be about four times larger than before. Which is fitting,
since *everything* in this new building seems larger than before.
## Whimper, No Bang.
February 1998.
The company occupies 14 buildings; my office has been moved three times in
less than a year. I gave up on moving the Tent of Doom, and last I heard, it
was rolled up under Frederick's desk.
Alas.
---
[![[ up ]](../compass1.gif)](../)
| https://www.jwz.org/tent-of-doom/ |
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<p>A few descriptions of favorite systems, as well as details on installing a MFM
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Home [Creative Stuff](creative/)
[Model Railroad](railroad/)
[Ice Rink](icerink/)
[Computers](computer/)
[message board](http://www.puckdroppersplace.us/phpBB2/)
[Site Updates](updates/)
Welcome to Puckdropper's Place! What are you interested in?
## [Back Yard Ice Rink](icerink/)
How to build, maintain, and some pictures of a back yard ice rink. No fancy
materials here, just lumber and a tarp.
## [Computers](computer/)
A few descriptions of favorite systems, as well as details on installing a MFM
hard drive.
## [Model Railroad](railroad/)
Some of the details of my model railroading experience, including a section on
building a N-Trak module.
## [Creative Stuff](creative/)
Some of the neat artful things I've done and wish to share.
## [Site Updates](updates/)
A listing of site updates and changes.
## [Message Board](http://www.puckdroppersplace.us/phpBB2)
The only way to contact me through the website.
---
Home [Creative Stuff](creative/)
[Model Railroad](railroad/)
[Ice Rink](icerink/)
[Computers](computer/)
[message board](http://www.puckdroppersplace.us/phpBB2/)
[Site Updates](updates/)
| http://www.puckdroppersplace.us/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN"
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Cold War Nike-Hercules Air Defenses of Alaska</TITLE>
<META name="author" content="Juliet Tango Sierra">
<META name="keywords" content="Nike Hercules Missile, Cold War history, ADA, Anchorage, Fairbanks, Eielson, Elmendorf, King Salmon, Murphy Dome, Site Summit, Site Point, Site Bay, Site Tare, Site Jig, Site Love, Site Mike, Site Peter, Fire Island, Alaska, air defense, nuclear, NORAD, Kincaid Park, 1964 earthquake">
<META name="description" content="Cold War Nike-Hercules Air Defenses of Alaska">
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<CENTER><P><H1>Nike-Hercules</H1>
<P><H2>ALASKA</H2>
<P><IMG src="ada2.gif" width=127 height=97 border=0 alt="">
<P><H2><I>An index of webpages dedicated to preserving the 20 year history of the Nike-Hercules area defenses in Alaska during the Cold War</I></H2>
<P><I>Final update 29 December, 2011</I></CENTER>
<HR align="center">
<P><CENTER><IMG src="LaunchIFCareas600w.jpg" width=600 height=409 border=0 alt=""><BR><I>Photo courtesy site BAY veteran.</I>
</CENTER>
<HR align="center">
<H4><I>What is this all about?</I></H4>
<P>This is about preserving a tiny bit of mostly forgotten trivia which was a part of the history of the Cold War. This history is rapidly disappearing as the inevitable march of time progresses, so for the benefit of those that may come after us, the documents indexed by this page were created in an attempt to preserve some of what was witnessed by the men who were there.
<P>These pages are written from the human perspective of soldiers that simply lived and worked there and so most of the information is presented in the form of personal memories and anecdotes. As such, the form and content of these pages evolved over time as more information was collected as a result of my <A href="http://nikealaska.org/Contribute.html">request for information</A> from those that happened across these pages and cared to <A href="http://nikealaska.org/Contribute.html">contribute</A> their stories.
<P>
<HR align="center">
<P><H4><I>The Cold War</I></H4>
<P>The following is provided as a historical frame of reference.
<P>At the end of World War 2, the tension, mistrust, and competition between the western world and the communist Soviet Block of nations lead by the USSR increased to the point that intercontinental nuclear holocaust was a very real possibility. In fact the world political and military situation came very near that brink on more than one occasion. This competition was evidenced in many ways and resulted in not only the Korean conflict and the Vietnam war, but also in tremendous expenditures on both sides of the equation in a race to develop supremacy in military technology. This race even placed men on the moon.
<P>Another aspect of that arms race was the need for the United States to develop advanced air defense capability to neutralize any military attack by Soviet bombers. This resulted in the <I>Nike</I> series of anti-aircraft missiles, beginning with the <I>Nike-Ajax</I>, which was soon replaced by the much more capable <I>Nike-Hercules</I>. Others followed (<I>Nike-Spartan, Nike-Zeus</I> and <I>Nike-Sprint</I>) with an eye toward a more effective defense against Soviet ballistic missiles but these were never fully deployed due to the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty, so it appears that the Nike-Hercules missile was the most capable and effective area defense missile ever fully deployed on U.S. soil.
<P>From the late 1950's through the early 1970's, Nike batteries were emplaced at about 145 installations surrounding major cities in the United States. As the longer range and nuclear-capable Hercules slowly replaced the smaller Ajax, many installations became redundant and were subsequently deactivated. As other strategic and defensive systems were developed and the political situation changed, the Hercules missile batteries were gradually deactivated as well, with the last of the continental United State's Hercules units under AADCOM being deactivated in 1974. However, the defensive requirements of NORAD kept two of these units active until July of 1979. One of these last battalions was stationed in Florida at Homestead AFB, and the other one was stationed at the Anchorage/Fort Richardson/Elmendorf AFB complex in Alaska.
<P><HR align="center">
<P><H2><I>Organization</I></H2>
<P>When the Alaska Nike batteries became operational in 1959 the defense included two battalions of Nike-Hercules organized under what became the <B>87th Artillery Group </B>headquartered at Fort Richardson under the command of USARAL.
<P>
<P><CENTER><IMG src="87thn150.gif" width=137 height=150 border=0 alt=""> <IMG src="bear150.gif" width=156 height=150 border=0 alt="">
</CENTER><P>One battalion was deployed to defend the Fairbanks/Eielson AFB area and the other was deployed to defend the Anchorage/Elmendorf AFB area. In addition there were two direct support ordinance companies that provided much needed maintenance and technical support services.
<CENTER><P><I><B>For more about the 87th Artillery Group</B></I> <A href="http://nikealaska.org/87th/87th.html"><I>CLICK HERE</I></A> (<I>updated 12 June, 2010</I>).</CENTER>
<P><HR align="center">
<P><CENTER><H2>The Anchorage/Elmendorf area's 4th Missile Battalion, 43rd Artillery... </H2><P><IMG src="1_43300.gif" width=180 height=300 border=0 alt=""></CENTER>
<P><B>...</B>consisted of a headquarters battery and three firing batteries, one of which (A) was a dual firing battery. This battalion was associated with the Fire Island NORAD Control Center until late 1969 and the King Salmon NCC after that. Maintenace support was provided in the beginning by the <B>194th Ordinance</B> which was formed from Nike specialists in the San Fransisco area and transported to Alaska via Navy ship. This company was involved in the initial setup of the sites in 1958. The <B>524th Ordinance Company</B> was formed sometime in the first half of 1964 and was placed under Artillery command (instead of Maintainance Battalion command) and served the Anchorage sites until they were deactivated in 1979.
<P>The battalion was redesignated as the <B>1st Battalion, 43rd Air Defense Artillery</B> in 1971 after the 87th Artillery Group closed its doors and the Fairbanks sites were deactivated. The 1/43 ADA continued operations until it too was shut down in 1979. During that time it was organized under the <B>172nd Infantry Brigade</B>.
<P><CENTER><IMG src="172_150.gif" width=104 height=150 border=0 alt=""></CENTER>
<P><CENTER><I><H3>Click on the links below to visit webpages about each of the 43'rd ADA's Nike sites.
</H3></I><P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/AADCP/AADCP.html">Site POINT - A Battery (and AADCP)</A><I> (Updated 09 July, 2009)<BR>Includes many photographs and extensive discussion <BR>of site history and AADCP operations. <BR>Also includes fascinating commentary on <BR>the great earthquake of 1964.</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/summit/SiteSUMMIT.html">Site SUMMIT - B Battery</A><I> (Updated 05 August, 2010)<BR>Includes many photographs and links preserved from Jeral Sexton's late<BR> <B>Site Summit, Alaska - Nike Hercules ADA</B> website, with added text.</I>
<P><A href="http://www.nikesitesummit.org/">Friends of Site SUMMIT</A><BR><I>This is the older (abandoned?) website of an organization dedicated (May 2007)<BR>to the preservation of site Summit as a National Historic Site.
</I>
<P><A href="http://www.nikesitesummit.net/">Friends of Nike Site SUMMIT Webpage</A><BR><I>And this is the new (as of March 2010) Friends of Nike Site Summit webpage.
</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/bay/SiteBAY.html">Site BAY - C Battery</A><I> (Updated 17 August, 2008)<BR>
Includes comentary on the Cuban Missile crisis and <BR>photographs of firing practice from McGregor Range.
</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/4_43_history.pdf">A History of the 4th Missile Battalion (Herc) 43rd Artillery</A><I> (Written circa, 1967)
<BR>Details the history of the units that eventually made up the 43rd in the context of world events with discussion of the history of the US Army in Alaska and interesting details about the 120mm AA gun battalion that preceded and eventually absorbed into the Alaskan Nike missile units. Be advised this is a 3.4 meg pdf file.</I></CENTER>
<P><HR align="center">
<P><CENTER><H2>The Fairbanks/Eielson area's 2nd Battalion, 562nd Artillery </H2><P><IMG src="2_562.gif" width=193 height=219 border=0 alt="">
</CENTER><P>
...consisted of a headquarters battery and five firing batteries and was associated with the Murphy Dome NORAD Control Center. Maintenance support was provided by the <B>166th Ordinance</B>. This battalion was deactivated in 1970-1971.
<P><CENTER><I><H4>Click on the links below to visit webpages about each of the 562nd's Nike sites.
</H4></I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/tare/SiteTARE.html">Site TARE - A Battery</A><I> (Updated 22 May, 2007)</I>
<P><A href="http://a-2-562.org/">A-2-562 at Moose Creek</A> <BR><I>A new (2007) and extensive website about Site TARE.<BR>(This is a must for veterans of the site.)
</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/peter/SitePETER.html">Site PETER - B Battery</A><I> (Updated 12 June, 2010)</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/mike/SiteMIKE.html">Site MIKE - C Battery</A><I> (Updated 12 June, 2010)</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/jig/SiteJIG.html">Site JIG - D Battery (and AADCP)</A><I> (Updated 05 August, 2010)</I>
<P><A href="http://nikealaska.org/love/SiteLOVE.html">Site LOVE - E Battery</A><I> (Updated 29 December, 2011)</I>
</CENTER>
<P><HR align="center">
<P><CENTER><IMG src="AlaskaSites.jpg" width=600 height=692 border=0 alt=""><BR><I>The source of this map is unknown, but it is included here gratefully.</I></CENTER>
<P><HR align="center">
<P><P><CENTER><H3><I>For further reading about the Nike Hercules mission in Alaska and other related topics,<BR> here are a few internet links you may find of particular interest:</I></H3></CENTER>
<P><B><I>Research Notes, Nike Hercules in Alaska</I></B> Provided by Colonel John H. Cloe, these are part of a larger document he worked on while employed as an Air Force historian at Elmendorf AFB. Now in html format, they provide a chronological perspective of the subject matter - well worth the read. <A href="http://nikealaska.org/ResearchNotes.html">CLICK HERE</A> to visit the site.
<P> <B><I>Nike Hercules Operations in Alaska 1959 -1979</I></B> a publication produced by the cultural affairs folks at Ft. Richardson in 2004 is now available as a free download from <A href="http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/CR_Nike_Herc_Op.htm">HERE</A>. It comes as 10 separate .pdf files averaging about 1.5 meg each (from about 250K to 3.3 meg) and I'm sure you will find it very interesting and well worth the download time. It contains many anecdotes and items of oral history from many who served at all of the Alaskan Nike sites. Overall I think they did a very good job with it though there are some errors here and there of fairly minor significance.
<P><B><I>Cold War Historical Context 1951-1991: Fort Richardson</I></B> is an interesting 120-some-odd page document (about 6.7 meg .pdf file) that has some great historical perspective and old maps and descriptions of buildings at Ft. Richardson. It is available <A href="http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/DWN_HOME.htm">HERE</A>.
<P><HR align="center">
<P><B>To view many recent photographs of some Alaskan Nike sites you can click on the following links. </B><BR>These pictures include the interiors of some of the buildings and were taken in the summer of<B> 2003 </B>by a couple of guys that like to explore odd abandoned buildings as a hobby: <A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/missile2.htm">Site POINT</A>, <A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/summit/missile.htm">Site SUMMIT</A>, <A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/summit/missile1.htm">Site SUMMIT (more)</A>, <A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/bay/">Site BAY</A>, <A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/flood/flood4.jpg">Site TARE</A>,
<A href="http://freak.minimanga.com/flood/flood1.jpg">Site TARE (more)</A>.
<P><H3><I>Videos: </I> </H3>
<P>If you have a fast internet connection (or the patience of Job) you may find this <I>very </I>dated <BR>30 minute video about Nike Hercules to be quite interesting. <A href="http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/asf/nike_herc_01.asf">CLICK HERE</A> to view it.
<P>This too is an interesting video showing many details of ARADCOM and the beginnings of the Nike Project: <A href="http://www.archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569884">CLICK HERE</A> to view it. Note that there are several formats, large and small; some suitable for burning a DVD.
<P>And here is another dated video regarding the early training of Army Missile Men: <A href="http://www.archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569652">CLICK HERE</A> to view it.
<P><HR align="center">
<P> <CENTER><H3><I>Other Great Links: </I> </H3>
<P><A href="http://home.earthlink.net/~nbrass1/nike/nike.htm">Installing Nike Hercules Missiles in Alaska</A>
<BR><A href="http://ed-thelen.org/">Ed Thelen's Nike Missile Website</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.nikemissile.org/index.html">The Nike Historical Society</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.radomes.org/museum/">Online Air Defense Radar Museum</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/index.html">Online Civil Defense Museum</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.geocities.com/otter12thavnco/index.html">12th Aviation (Alaska)</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.zianet.com/dpiland/ordnance/index.htm">Nike Ordinance and Support Units</A> (many further links)
<BR><A href="http://www.frontiernet.net/~w2hyn51/page4.html">Bristol, RI Nike Site</A> with links to <A href="http://www.frontiernet.net/~w2hyn51/page1a.html">other Nike sites</A>.
<BR><A href="http://www.madracki.com/usarmyhawk/history.html">Hawks and Hercs on Okinawa</A>
<BR><A href="http://www.paineless.id.au/missiles/">Nuclear ABM's of the USA</A>
<BR><A href="http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/">Nuclear Weapon Archive</A>
<BR><A href="http://nikealaska.org/nuke/fallout.html">Understanding Radioactive Fallout</A></CENTER>
<P><HR align="center">
<P><CENTER><H2><I>A Mystery</I></H2><BR><IMG src="TKAndFin100.JPG" width=96 height=100 border=0 alt=""></CENTER>
<BR>In October of 2005 a work crew was bulldozing a new bike trail through site Point (what is now Kincaid Park) and unearthed, among other things, a damaged and discarded fin from a Nike-Hercules booster. The general consensus is that the fin was a part of a missile that was damaged during the great earthquake of 1964, misplaced during cleanup operations, buried with the other items, then subsequently discovered 41 years later.
<A href="http://nikealaska.org/FinFind/finfind.html">CLICK HERE</A> to see photographs of this fin and the other items and a presentation detailing evidence suggesting a 1964 date for the fin's burial.<P><HR align="center">
<CENTER><P><img src="/tinc?key=T2SR1RXA"><BR><I>visits since 02 January, 2005
</I></CENTER>
<P><H4><i>Editor's Note 29 December, 2011</i></h4>
<P><I>It has now been 8 years and six days since I introduced the first of the NikeAlaska webpages. In the interrim I have learned a tremendous amount of this history thanks to the many fine contributors and acquaintances, new and old, that responded out of the blue to the call.
<P>To my great pleasure, this little project resulted in the reconnection of many old friends that otherwise would never have found each other as well as the enlightenment of many to the fading knowledge of the Nike mission in Alaska. And now, with the filling out of the last of them (Site Love) I consider this mission accomplished and concluded and have withdrawn my contact information. It is time to move on to other projects.
<P>Once again, I offer a big Thank You to the many contributors over the last eight years. All my best to you and yours!
<P>- Juliet Tango Sierra
<BR>December, 2011</I>
<P><CENTER>
<IMG src="172_150.gif" width=104 height=150 border=0 alt=""><IMG src="1_43150.gif" width=90 height=150 border=0 alt=""> <IMG src="87thn150.gif" width=137 height=150 border=0 alt=""> <IMG src="2_562n100.gif" width=88 height=100 border=0 alt=""> <IMG src="bear125.gif" width=130 height=125 border=0 alt="">
</CENTER>
</BODY>
</HTML> |
Cold War Nike-Hercules Air Defenses of Alaska
# Nike-Hercules
## ALASKA
## *An index of webpages dedicated to preserving the 20 year history of the Nike-Hercules area defenses in Alaska during the Cold War*
*Final update 29 December, 2011*
---
*Photo courtesy site BAY veteran.*
---
#### *What is this all about?*
This is about preserving a tiny bit of mostly forgotten trivia which was a part of the history of the Cold War. This history is rapidly disappearing as the inevitable march of time progresses, so for the benefit of those that may come after us, the documents indexed by this page were created in an attempt to preserve some of what was witnessed by the men who were there.
These pages are written from the human perspective of soldiers that simply lived and worked there and so most of the information is presented in the form of personal memories and anecdotes. As such, the form and content of these pages evolved over time as more information was collected as a result of my [request for information](http://nikealaska.org/Contribute.html) from those that happened across these pages and cared to [contribute](http://nikealaska.org/Contribute.html) their stories.
---
#### *The Cold War*
The following is provided as a historical frame of reference.
At the end of World War 2, the tension, mistrust, and competition between the western world and the communist Soviet Block of nations lead by the USSR increased to the point that intercontinental nuclear holocaust was a very real possibility. In fact the world political and military situation came very near that brink on more than one occasion. This competition was evidenced in many ways and resulted in not only the Korean conflict and the Vietnam war, but also in tremendous expenditures on both sides of the equation in a race to develop supremacy in military technology. This race even placed men on the moon.
Another aspect of that arms race was the need for the United States to develop advanced air defense capability to neutralize any military attack by Soviet bombers. This resulted in the *Nike* series of anti-aircraft missiles, beginning with the *Nike-Ajax*, which was soon replaced by the much more capable *Nike-Hercules*. Others followed (*Nike-Spartan, Nike-Zeus* and *Nike-Sprint*) with an eye toward a more effective defense against Soviet ballistic missiles but these were never fully deployed due to the Anti-Ballistic Missile treaty, so it appears that the Nike-Hercules missile was the most capable and effective area defense missile ever fully deployed on U.S. soil.
From the late 1950's through the early 1970's, Nike batteries were emplaced at about 145 installations surrounding major cities in the United States. As the longer range and nuclear-capable Hercules slowly replaced the smaller Ajax, many installations became redundant and were subsequently deactivated. As other strategic and defensive systems were developed and the political situation changed, the Hercules missile batteries were gradually deactivated as well, with the last of the continental United State's Hercules units under AADCOM being deactivated in 1974. However, the defensive requirements of NORAD kept two of these units active until July of 1979. One of these last battalions was stationed in Florida at Homestead AFB, and the other one was stationed at the Anchorage/Fort Richardson/Elmendorf AFB complex in Alaska.
---
## *Organization*
When the Alaska Nike batteries became operational in 1959 the defense included two battalions of Nike-Hercules organized under what became the **87th Artillery Group** headquartered at Fort Richardson under the command of USARAL.
 
One battalion was deployed to defend the Fairbanks/Eielson AFB area and the other was deployed to defend the Anchorage/Elmendorf AFB area. In addition there were two direct support ordinance companies that provided much needed maintenance and technical support services.
***For more about the 87th Artillery Group*** [*CLICK HERE*](http://nikealaska.org/87th/87th.html) (*updated 12 June, 2010*).
---
## The Anchorage/Elmendorf area's 4th Missile Battalion, 43rd Artillery...
**...**consisted of a headquarters battery and three firing batteries, one of which (A) was a dual firing battery. This battalion was associated with the Fire Island NORAD Control Center until late 1969 and the King Salmon NCC after that. Maintenace support was provided in the beginning by the **194th Ordinance** which was formed from Nike specialists in the San Fransisco area and transported to Alaska via Navy ship. This company was involved in the initial setup of the sites in 1958. The **524th Ordinance Company** was formed sometime in the first half of 1964 and was placed under Artillery command (instead of Maintainance Battalion command) and served the Anchorage sites until they were deactivated in 1979.
The battalion was redesignated as the **1st Battalion, 43rd Air Defense Artillery** in 1971 after the 87th Artillery Group closed its doors and the Fairbanks sites were deactivated. The 1/43 ADA continued operations until it too was shut down in 1979. During that time it was organized under the **172nd Infantry Brigade**.
*### Click on the links below to visit webpages about each of the 43'rd ADA's Nike sites.*[Site POINT - A Battery (and AADCP)](http://nikealaska.org/AADCP/AADCP.html) *(Updated 09 July, 2009)
Includes many photographs and extensive discussion
of site history and AADCP operations.
Also includes fascinating commentary on
the great earthquake of 1964.*
[Site SUMMIT - B Battery](http://nikealaska.org/summit/SiteSUMMIT.html) *(Updated 05 August, 2010)
Includes many photographs and links preserved from Jeral Sexton's late
**Site Summit, Alaska - Nike Hercules ADA** website, with added text.*
[Friends of Site SUMMIT](http://www.nikesitesummit.org/)
*This is the older (abandoned?) website of an organization dedicated (May 2007)
to the preservation of site Summit as a National Historic Site.*
[Friends of Nike Site SUMMIT Webpage](http://www.nikesitesummit.net/)
*And this is the new (as of March 2010) Friends of Nike Site Summit webpage.*
[Site BAY - C Battery](http://nikealaska.org/bay/SiteBAY.html) *(Updated 17 August, 2008)
Includes comentary on the Cuban Missile crisis and
photographs of firing practice from McGregor Range.*
[A History of the 4th Missile Battalion (Herc) 43rd Artillery](http://nikealaska.org/4_43_history.pdf) *(Written circa, 1967)
Details the history of the units that eventually made up the 43rd in the context of world events with discussion of the history of the US Army in Alaska and interesting details about the 120mm AA gun battalion that preceded and eventually absorbed into the Alaskan Nike missile units. Be advised this is a 3.4 meg pdf file.*
---
## The Fairbanks/Eielson area's 2nd Battalion, 562nd Artillery
...consisted of a headquarters battery and five firing batteries and was associated with the Murphy Dome NORAD Control Center. Maintenance support was provided by the **166th Ordinance**. This battalion was deactivated in 1970-1971.
*#### Click on the links below to visit webpages about each of the 562nd's Nike sites.*
[Site TARE - A Battery](http://nikealaska.org/tare/SiteTARE.html) *(Updated 22 May, 2007)*
[A-2-562 at Moose Creek](http://a-2-562.org/)
*A new (2007) and extensive website about Site TARE.
(This is a must for veterans of the site.)*
[Site PETER - B Battery](http://nikealaska.org/peter/SitePETER.html) *(Updated 12 June, 2010)*
[Site MIKE - C Battery](http://nikealaska.org/mike/SiteMIKE.html) *(Updated 12 June, 2010)*
[Site JIG - D Battery (and AADCP)](http://nikealaska.org/jig/SiteJIG.html) *(Updated 05 August, 2010)*
[Site LOVE - E Battery](http://nikealaska.org/love/SiteLOVE.html) *(Updated 29 December, 2011)*
---
*The source of this map is unknown, but it is included here gratefully.*
---
### *For further reading about the Nike Hercules mission in Alaska and other related topics, here are a few internet links you may find of particular interest:*
***Research Notes, Nike Hercules in Alaska*** Provided by Colonel John H. Cloe, these are part of a larger document he worked on while employed as an Air Force historian at Elmendorf AFB. Now in html format, they provide a chronological perspective of the subject matter - well worth the read. [CLICK HERE](http://nikealaska.org/ResearchNotes.html) to visit the site.
***Nike Hercules Operations in Alaska 1959 -1979*** a publication produced by the cultural affairs folks at Ft. Richardson in 2004 is now available as a free download from [HERE](http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/CR_Nike_Herc_Op.htm). It comes as 10 separate .pdf files averaging about 1.5 meg each (from about 250K to 3.3 meg) and I'm sure you will find it very interesting and well worth the download time. It contains many anecdotes and items of oral history from many who served at all of the Alaskan Nike sites. Overall I think they did a very good job with it though there are some errors here and there of fairly minor significance.
***Cold War Historical Context 1951-1991: Fort Richardson*** is an interesting 120-some-odd page document (about 6.7 meg .pdf file) that has some great historical perspective and old maps and descriptions of buildings at Ft. Richardson. It is available [HERE](http://www.usarak.army.mil/conservation/DWN_HOME.htm).
---
**To view many recent photographs of some Alaskan Nike sites you can click on the following links.**
These pictures include the interiors of some of the buildings and were taken in the summer of **2003** by a couple of guys that like to explore odd abandoned buildings as a hobby: [Site POINT](http://freak.minimanga.com/missile2.htm), [Site SUMMIT](http://freak.minimanga.com/summit/missile.htm), [Site SUMMIT (more)](http://freak.minimanga.com/summit/missile1.htm), [Site BAY](http://freak.minimanga.com/bay/), [Site TARE](http://freak.minimanga.com/flood/flood4.jpg),
[Site TARE (more)](http://freak.minimanga.com/flood/flood1.jpg).
### *Videos:*
If you have a fast internet connection (or the patience of Job) you may find this *very* dated
30 minute video about Nike Hercules to be quite interesting. [CLICK HERE](http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/asf/nike_herc_01.asf) to view it.
This too is an interesting video showing many details of ARADCOM and the beginnings of the Nike Project: [CLICK HERE](http://www.archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569884) to view it. Note that there are several formats, large and small; some suitable for burning a DVD.
And here is another dated video regarding the early training of Army Missile Men: [CLICK HERE](http://www.archive.org/details/gov.archives.arc.2569652) to view it.
---
### *Other Great Links:*
[Installing Nike Hercules Missiles in Alaska](http://home.earthlink.net/~nbrass1/nike/nike.htm)
[Ed Thelen's Nike Missile Website](http://ed-thelen.org/)
[The Nike Historical Society](http://www.nikemissile.org/index.html)
[Online Air Defense Radar Museum](http://www.radomes.org/museum/)
[Online Civil Defense Museum](http://www.civildefensemuseum.com/index.html)
[12th Aviation (Alaska)](http://www.geocities.com/otter12thavnco/index.html)
[Nike Ordinance and Support Units](http://www.zianet.com/dpiland/ordnance/index.htm) (many further links)
[Bristol, RI Nike Site](http://www.frontiernet.net/~w2hyn51/page4.html) with links to [other Nike sites](http://www.frontiernet.net/~w2hyn51/page1a.html).
[Hawks and Hercs on Okinawa](http://www.madracki.com/usarmyhawk/history.html)
[Nuclear ABM's of the USA](http://www.paineless.id.au/missiles/)
[Nuclear Weapon Archive](http://nuclearweaponarchive.org/)
[Understanding Radioactive Fallout](http://nikealaska.org/nuke/fallout.html)
---
## *A Mystery*
In October of 2005 a work crew was bulldozing a new bike trail through site Point (what is now Kincaid Park) and unearthed, among other things, a damaged and discarded fin from a Nike-Hercules booster. The general consensus is that the fin was a part of a missile that was damaged during the great earthquake of 1964, misplaced during cleanup operations, buried with the other items, then subsequently discovered 41 years later.
[CLICK HERE](http://nikealaska.org/FinFind/finfind.html) to see photographs of this fin and the other items and a presentation detailing evidence suggesting a 1964 date for the fin's burial.
---
*visits since 02 January, 2005*
#### *Editor's Note 29 December, 2011*
*It has now been 8 years and six days since I introduced the first of the NikeAlaska webpages. In the interrim I have learned a tremendous amount of this history thanks to the many fine contributors and acquaintances, new and old, that responded out of the blue to the call.
To my great pleasure, this little project resulted in the reconnection of many old friends that otherwise would never have found each other as well as the enlightenment of many to the fading knowledge of the Nike mission in Alaska. And now, with the filling out of the last of them (Site Love) I consider this mission accomplished and concluded and have withdrawn my contact information. It is time to move on to other projects.
Once again, I offer a big Thank You to the many contributors over the last eight years. All my best to you and yours!
- Juliet Tango Sierra
December, 2011*
   
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<tr><td><h3 style="margin:8px 4px 0px 9px; font-size:11pt;"><a href="./" style="color:#000000;">Adam Schneider's<br>digital photos</a></h3></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2023'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2023 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2023 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2023'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2023 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2023</a></p></td></tr>
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<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="November 24, 2023: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">• 2023-11 Columbia Hills</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="October 30, 2023: Ape Cave (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">• 2023-10 Ape Cave</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="October 6, 2023: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)">• 2023-10 Tam McArthur Rim</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-09-wf/" title="September 12, 2023: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2023-09 Wahkeena Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="August 20, 2023: Paradise, Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington)">• 2023-08 Paradise</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="August 9-11, 2023: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon)">• 2023-08 Steens Mountain</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="August 1-3, 2023: Mt. Baker (Whatcom County, Washington)">• 2023-08 Mt. Baker</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 26, 2023: Paradise Park & Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">• 2023-07 Paradise Park</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 22, 2023: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">• 2023-07 Tatoosh Range</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 19, 2023: Windy Ridge & the Loowit Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington)">• 2023-07 Mt. St. Helens</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 18, 2023: Cash Prairie, Burnt Mountain, & Shellrock Peak (William O. Douglas Wilderness, Washington)">• 2023-07 Shellrock Peak</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 12, 2023: Youngs Rock, Moon Point, & Warner Mountain (Lane County, Oregon)">• 2023-07 Youngs Rock</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 11, 2023: Gold Lake Bog (Lane County, Oregon)">• 2023-07 Gold Lake Bog</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="July 5-7, 2023: Olympic Mountains, Washington">• 2023-07 Olympic Mountains</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="June 20-24, 2023: Southern Oregon & Northern California">• 2023-06 Southern Oregon</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-06-bm/" title="June 12-15, 2023: Blue Mountains (southeastern Washington)">2023-06 Blue Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-06-wm/" title="June 5-7, 2023: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas & Chelan Counties, Washington)">2023-06 Wenatchee Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="June 2, 2023: Oregon Badlands, Pine Mountain, & Crooked River Highway (Central Oregon)">• 2023-06 Oregon Badlands</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%"><p class="unfinished" title="June 1, 2023: Smith Rock (Deschutes County, Oregon)">• 2023-06 Smith Rock</p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-bb/" title="May 28, 2023: Mitchell Point & Bald Butte (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2023-05 Bald Butte</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-dm/" title="May 25, 2023: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2023-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-hm/" title="May 18, 2023: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington)">2023-05 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-cp/" title="May 9-12, 2023: Columbia Plateau (south-central Washington)">2023-05 Columbia Plateau</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-kwa/" title="May 6, 2023: Klickitat Wildlife Area & Glenwood Highway (Klickitat County, Washington)">2023-05 Klickitat Wildlife Area</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-05-cna/" title="May 2, 2023: Camassia Natural Area & Wilderness Park (West Linn, Oregon)">2023-05 Camassia Natural Area</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-04-mcr/" title="April 27, 2023: Mill Creek Ridge (Wasco County, Oregon)">2023-04 Mill Creek Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-04-sv/" title="April 17-21, 2023: Sacramento Valley (California)">2023-04 Sacramento Valley</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-04-md/" title="April 9-15, 2023: Mojave Desert & Death Valley, California">2023-04 Mojave Desert</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-04-lb/" title="April 8, 2023: Lava Beds National Monument (Modoc County, California)">2023-04 Lava Beds N.M.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-03-cc/" title="March 29, 2023: Catherine Creek & Rowland Wall (Klickitat County, Washington)">2023-03 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-03-dr/" title="March 17, 2023: Gordon Ridge & Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)">2023-03 Deschutes River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-03-eg/" title="March 11, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon)">2023-03 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2023-01-eg/" title="January 26 & February 12, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon)">2023-01 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2022'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2022 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2022 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2022'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2022 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2022</a></p></td></tr>
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<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-10-rr/" title="October 1, 2022: Rooster Rock State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2022-10 Rooster Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-09-ma/" title="September 7, 2022: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington)">2022-09 Mount Adams</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-gp/" title="August 31, 2022: Guye Peak (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2022-08 Guye Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-cr/" title="August 30, 2022: Cathedral Rock (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2022-08 Cathedral Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-ot/" title="August 23, 2022: Obsidian Trail (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)">2022-08 Obsidian Trail</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-tcl/" title="August 22, 2022: Little Three Creek Lake & Three Creek Lake (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)">2022-08 Three Creek Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-mp/" title="August 16, 2022: McNeil Point, Ho Rock, & Co Rock (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2022-08 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-np/" title="August 12, 2022: Naches Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)">2022-08 Naches Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-tr/" title="August 11, 2022: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2022-08 Tatoosh Range</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-08-cm/" title="August 3-4, 2022: Calapooya Mountains (Umpqua National Forest, Lane County & Douglas County, Oregon)">2022-08 Calapooya Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-ap/" title="July 29, 2022: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon)">2022-07 Angora Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-tp/" title="July 22, 2022: Harts Pass & Tatie Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)">2022-07 Tatie Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-tm/" title="July 20-21, 2022: Tiffany Mountain & Tiffany Highlands (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)">2022-07 Tiffany Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-mp/" title="July 8, 2022: Parish Lake, Middle Pyramid, & Park Creek Basin (Linn County, Oregon)">2022-07 Middle Pyramid</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-mt/" title="July 14, 2022: Mount Townsend (Olympic National Forest, Washington)">2022-07 Mount Townsend</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-mf/" title="July 8, 2022: Multorpor Fen (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2022-07 Multorpor Fen</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-lc/" title="July 5-7, 2022: Lake County, Oregon">2022-07 Lake County</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-07-tcr/" title="July 1, 2022: Three Corner Rock (Skamania County, Washington)">2022-07 Three Corner Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-06-cl/" title="June 27, 2022: Conboy Lake N.W.R. & Brooks Memorial State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2022-06 Conboy Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-06-wc/" title="June 22-24, 2022: Western Cascades (Lane County, Oregon)">2022-06 Western Cascades</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-06-wm/" title="June 15, 2022: Wind Mountain & Dog Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2022-06 Wind Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-06-seo/" title="June 7-11, 2022: Southeastern Oregon">2022-06 Southeastern Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-oc/" title="May 30 - June 2, 2022: Central Oregon Coast (Lincoln County)">2022-05 Oregon Coast</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-fnwr/" title="May 30, 2022: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (Oregon)">2022-05 Finley N.W.R.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-dr/" title="May 25, 2022: Deschutes River (Wasco County & Jefferson County, Oregon)">2022-05 Deschutes River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-ec/" title="May 20, 2022: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2022-05 Eagle Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-id/" title="May 10-13, 2022: Western Idaho & Eastern Oregon">2022-05 Idaho/E. Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-05-hr/" title="May 3, 2022: Hood River Mountain & Mosier (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2022-05 Hood River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-04-lh/" title="April 29, 2022: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Columbia County, Oregon)">2022-04 Liberty Hill</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-04-mm/" title="April 29, 2022: Mima Mounds & Scatter Creek (Thurston County, Washington)">2022-04 Mima Mounds</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-04-jd/" title="April 24-25, 2022: John Day River Basin (North-Central Oregon)">2022-04 John Day River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-04-so/" title="April 4-8, 2022: Southern Oregon & Northern California">2022-04 Southern Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-03-ch/" title="March 26, 2022: Shotgun Creek, Horse Rock Ridge, & Cascadia State Park (Oregon)">2022-03 Coburg Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-03-lco/" title="March 22, 2022: Lyle Cherry Orchard & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2022-03 Lyle Cherry Orchard</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-03-ct/" title="March 16, 2022: BLM Criterion Tract (Wasco County, Oregon)">2022-03 Criterion Tract</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-03-mcr/" title="March 6, 2022: Mill Creek Ridge & Mill Creek Preserve (Wasco County, Oregon)">2022-03 Mill Creek Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-02-eg/" title="February 10, 2022: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington)">2022-02 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-01-dm/" title="January 21, 2022: Winter on Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2022-01 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2022-01-yh/" title="January 14, 2022: Yaquina Head (Lincoln County, Oregon)">2022-01 Yaquina Head</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2021'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2021 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2021 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2021'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2021 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2021</a></p></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2021" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-12-ch/" title="December 1, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2021-12 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2021: Thomas Lake & Blue Lake (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)">2021-10 Indian Heaven</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-09-mw/" title="September 25, 2021: Mount Washington (Olympic National Forest, Washington)">2021-09 Mount Washington</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-09-sb/" title="September 21, 2021: Sleeping Beauty, Steamboat Mountain, & waterfalls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2021-09 Sleeping Beauty</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-09-cr/" title="August 27, September 7, & September 11, 2021: Lower Columbia River, Oregon">2021-09 Columbia River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-09-mhm/" title="September 3, 2021: Mount Hood Meadows (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2021-09 Mt. Hood Meadows</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-08-mb/" title="August 10-12, 2021: Mt. Baker Highway (Washington)">2021-08 Mt. Baker</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-08-mrnp/" title="July 22, August 5, & August 19, 2021: Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington)">2021-08 Mt. Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-07-mp/" title="July 29, 2021: Marmot Pass & Buckhorn Mountain (Olympic National Forest, Washington)">2021-07 Marmot Pass</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2021: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon)">2021-07 Lookout Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-07-bm/" title="July 9-12, 2021: Blue Mountains (Oregon)">2021-07 Blue Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-07-bs/" title="July 5, 2021: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2021-07 Barrett Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-sm/" title="June 29 - July 1, 2021: Siskiyou Mountains (Southern Oregon)">2021-06 Siskiyou Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-wm/" title="June 23-24, 2021: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas County, Washington)">2021-06 Wenatchee Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-gk/" title="June 17, 2021: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2021-06 Grassy Knoll</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-hrr/" title="June 10, 2021: Horse Rock Ridge & Kingston Prairie (Linn County, Oregon)">2021-06 Horse Rock Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-mc/" title="April 22 & June 6, 2021: McCord Creek & Elowah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2021-06 McCord Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-06-co/" title="June 2-5, 2021: Central Oregon">2021-06 Central Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-05-mh/" title="May 26, 2021: Mount Hebo (Coast Range, Oregon)">2021-05 Mount Hebo</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-05-cw/" title="May 17-20, 2021: Central Washington">2021-05 Central Washington</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-05-sm/" title="May 13, 2021: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2021-05 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-05-eo/" title="May 3-8, 2021: Eastern Oregon">2021-05 Eastern Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-04-cc/" title="April 27, 2021: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2021-04 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-04-ch/" title="April 19, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2021-04 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-04-tc/" title="April 13-14, 2021: Tehama County, California">2021-04 Tehama County</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-04-so/" title="April 12-17, 2021: Southern Oregon">2021-04 Southern Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-04-kwa/" title="April 6, 2021: Klickitat Wildlife Area (Klickitat County, Washington)">2021-04 Klickitat Wildlife Area</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-03-cc/" title="March 31, 2021: Cottonwood Canyon State Park (Oregon)">2021-03 Cottonwood Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-03-lh/" title="March 26, 2021: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Oregon)">2021-03 Liberty Hill</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-03-rp/" title="March 17, 2021: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2021-03 Rowena Plateau</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-03-td/" title="March 11, 2021: Chenoweth Tableland & Seufert Park (The Dalles, OR), and Devil's Gap (Washington)">2021-03 The Dalles</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-02-eg/" title="February 24, 2021: Lower Deschutes River & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington)">2021-02 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2021-01-lab/" title="January 7, 2021: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2021-01 The Labyrinth</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2020'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2020 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2020 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2020'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2020 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2020</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2020" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-11-wr/" title="November 1, 2020: White River Canyon & White River Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2020-11 White River Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-10-lr/" title="October 16, 2020: Lewis River (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2020-10 Lewis River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-10-ench/" title="October 1, 2020: The Enchantments (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2020-10 The Enchantments</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-09-dp/" title="September 3, 2020: Diamond Peak (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2020-09 Diamond Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-08-pr/" title="August 29, 2020: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2020-08 Pinnacle Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-08-ma/" title="August 26, 2020: Divide Camp Trail to Adams Glacier & High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington)">2020-08 Mount Adams</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-08-cp/" title="August 19, 2020: Noble Knob, Yakima Peak, & Naches Peak (Washington)">2020-08 Chinook Pass</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-08-tfj/" title="August 14, 2020: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)">2020-08 Three-Fingered Jack</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-08-sn/" title="August 4-8, 2020: Sierra Nevada Mountains (California)">2020-08 Sierra Nevada</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-la/" title="July 29, 2020: Lake of the Angels (Olympic National Park, Washington)">2020-07 Lake of the Angels</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-br/" title="July 23, 2020: Browder Ridge (Western Cascades, Oregon)">2020-07 Browder Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-bm/" title="July 15-17, 2020: Blue Mountains, Oregon">2020-07 Blue Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2020: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2020-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-nr/" title="July 8, 2020: Nasty Rock & Not Nasty Rock (Western Cascades, Oregon)">2020-07 Nasty Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-07-bl/" title="July 3, 2020: Boulder Lake/Bonney Meadows & Tygh Creek Trail (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2020-07 Bonney Meadows</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-06-km/" title="June 21-25, 2020: Klamath Mountains, Oregon & California">2020-06 Klamath Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-06-ekm/" title="June 17, 2020: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon)">2020-06 Elk+Kings Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-06-wc/" title="June 10, 2020: White River Falls, Deschutes River, Postage Stamp Butte, & Bottle Prairie (Wasco & Hood River Counties, Oregon)">2020-06 Wasco County</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-06-tr/" title="June 3, 2020: Rooster Rock & Table Rock (Table Rock Wilderness, Oregon)">2020-06 Table Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-05-cp/" title="May 27, 2020: Central Oregon Coast: Cape Perpetua, Florence, and Yachats">2020-05 Cape Perpetua</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-05-np/" title="May 23, 2020: Nestor Peak (Klickitat County, Washington)">2020-05 Nestor Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-05-kc/" title="May 20, 2020: Brooks Memorial State Park, Klickitat Wildlife Area, & Swale Creek Wildlife Area (Washington)">2020-05 Klickitat County</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-05-rv/" title="May 4-8, 2020: Rogue Valley & Illinois Valley, Oregon">2020-05 Rogue Valley</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-05-cb/" title="May 1, 2020: Canemah Bluff Nature Park (Oregon City, Oregon)">2020-05 Canemah Bluff</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-04-mp/" title="April 21, 2020: Mount Pisgah & Willow Creek Preserve (Lane County, Oregon)">2020-04 Mount Pisgah</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-04-dr/" title="April 17, 2020: White River Wildlife Area & Deschutes River (Wasco County, Oregon)">2020-04 Deschutes River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-04-sb/" title="April 10, 2020: Spring Basin Wilderness & Deschutes River (Oregon)">2020-04 Spring Basin</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-03-am/" title="March 22, 2020: Archer Mountain & Duncan Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2020-03 Archer Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-03-eg/" title="March 18, 2020: Columbia Hills, Doug's Beach, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2020-03 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-03-hm/" title="March 12, 2020: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington)">2020-03 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-02-eg/" title="February 28, 2020: Memaloose Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington)">2020-02 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2020-02-cw/" title="February 12, 2020: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2020-02 Coyote Wall</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2019'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2019 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2019 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2019'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2019 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2019</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2019" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-12-ck/" title="December 12, 2019: Cape Kiwanda, Sitka Sedge, & Oceanside (Oregon Coast)">2019-12 Cape Kiwanda</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-10-sc/" title="October 12, 2019: Siouxon Creek (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2019-10 Siouxon Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-10-cr/" title="October 4-6, 2019: Capitol Reef National Park (Utah)">2019-10 Capitol Reef N.P.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-10-wm/" title="October 3 & 7, 2019: Mt. Raymond & Mt. Wolverine (Wasatch Mountains, Utah)">2019-10 Wasatch Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-09-sm/" title="September 12, 2019: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2019-09 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-08-ncr/" title="August 31, 2019: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2019-08 Newton Clark Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-08-gr/" title="August 19-20, 2019: Walupt Creek Falls & Cispus Pass (Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington)">2019-08 Goat Rocks</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-08-jp/" title="August 13, 2019: Jefferson Park (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2019-08 Jefferson Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-08-sp/" title="August 6, 2019: Mowich Lake to Spray Park (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2019-08 Spray Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-swco/" title="July 24-31, 2019: Southwest Colorado">2019-07 Southwest Colorado</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-rm/" title="July 22, 2019: Lamoille Canyon (Ruby Mountains, Nevada)">2019-07 Ruby Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-sm/" title="July 21, 2019: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon)">2019-07 Steens Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-co/" title="July 20, 2019: Central Oregon: Gray Butte & Crooked River Highway">2019-07 Central Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-mm/" title="July 13, 2019: Mt. McLoughlin (Sky Lakes Wilderness, Oregon)">2019-07 Mt. McLoughlin</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-07-cm/" title="July 3, 2019: Coffin Mountain & Bachelor Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2019-07 Coffin Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-06-ssm/" title="June 24, 2019: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2019-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-06-ch/" title="June 17, 2019: Cascade Head & God's Thumb (Oregon Coast)">2019-06 Cascade Head</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-06-wm/" title="June 10-12, 2019: Wenatchee Mountains (Washington)">2019-06 Wenatchee Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-06-wf/" title="June 3, 2019: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2019-06 Wahkeena Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-05-co/" title="May 27-30, 2019: Central Oregon">2019-05 Central Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-05-lr/" title="May 11, 2019: Leidl Ridge (Klickitat Wildlife Area, Washington)">2019-05 Leidl Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-05-cw/" title="May 8-10, 2019: Central Washington">2019-05 Central Washington</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2019: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2019-05 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-05-bs/" title="May 2-3, 2019: Baskett Slough, Drift Creek Falls, & Newport (Oregon)">2019-05 Baskett Slough etc.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-04-ct/" title="April 25, 2019: Chenoweth Tableland (The Dalles, Oregon)">2019-04 Chenoweth Tableland</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-04-dm/" title="April 25, 2019: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2019-04 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-04-ar/" title="April 23, 2019: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2019-04 Angel's Rest</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-04-nc/" title="April 10-14, 2019: Northern California: Santa Cruz, Pinnacles & Henry Coe">2019-04 Northern California</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-04-cna/" title="April 6, 22, & 30, 2019: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon)">2019-04 Camassia Natural Area</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-03-db/" title="March 24, 2019: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2019-03 Doug's Beach S.P.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-03-tp/" title="March 2019: Tidepools on the Central Oregon Coast">2019-03 Oregon tidepools</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-02-sd/" title="February 21-22, 2019: San Diego, California">2019-02 San Diego</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2019-02-ab/" title="February 19-20, 2019: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (California)">2019-02 Anza-Borrego Desert</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2018'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2018 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2018 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2018'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2018 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2018</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2018" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-11-utah/" title="November 22-25, 2018: Southern Utah">2018-11 Zion/Bryce/Escalante</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-10-sr/" title="October 19, 2018: Sandy River to Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2018-10 Sandy River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-08-bc/" title="August 7-9, 2018: Squamish (British Columbia, Canada)">2018-08 Squamish</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-08-mb/" title="August 6, 2018: Chain Lakes Trail & Artist Point (Mt. Baker, Washington)">2018-08 Mt. Baker</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-07-ap/" title="July 24, 2018: Sawtooth Lake & Alpine Peak (Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho)">2018-07 Sawtooth Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-07-utah/" title="July 13-22, 2018: Northern Utah: Wasatch & Uinta Mountains">2018-07 Northern Utah</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-07-sm/" title="July 11, 2018: Strawberry Mountain (Malheur National Forest, Oregon)">2018-07 Strawberry Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-07-om/" title="July 10, 2018: Ochoco Mountains (Central Oregon)">2018-07 Ochoco Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-07-ma/" title="July 7, 2018: Mount Aix (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)">2018-07 Mount Aix</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-06-wc/" title="June 27-28, 2018: Western Cascades (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2018-06 Western Cascades</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-06-msh/" title="June 19, 2018: Truman Trail to Loowit Falls (Mt. St. Helens, Washington)">2018-06 Mt. St. Helens</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-06-dr/" title="June 12, 2018: Dome Rock & Sardine Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2018-06 Dome Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-sr/" title="May 30, 2018: Surveyor's Ridge & Lookout Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2018-05 Surveyor's Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-am/" title="May 23, 2018: Archer Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2018-05 Archer Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-ap/" title="May 17, 2018: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon)">2018-05 Angora Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-edc/" title="May 11-12, 2018: El Dorado County, California">2018-05 El Dorado County</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-lp/" title="May 8, 2018: Lacamas Creek Park (Camas, Washington)">2018-05 Lacamas Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-05-eb/" title="May 7, 2018: Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden (Minneapolis, Minnesota)">2018-05 Eloise Butler</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-04-rv/" title="April 18-21, 2018: Rogue Valley & Illinois River (Oregon)">2018-04 Rogue Valley</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-04-rp/" title="April 9, 2018: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2018-04 Rowena Plateau</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-03-mrnp/" title="March 20, 2018: Snowshoeing at Paradise (Mount Rainier National Park, Washington)">2018-03 Mount Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-03-dr/" title="March 11, 2018: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)">2018-03 Deschutes River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2018-02-mp/" title="February 7, 2018: Mosier Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2018-02 Mosier Plateau</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2017'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2017 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2017 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2017'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2017 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2017</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2017" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-12-sm/" title="December 10, 2017: Saddle Mountain & Cannon Beach (Oregon Coast)">2017-12 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-11-ch/" title="November 24, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2017-11 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-10-cp/" title="October 24, 2017: Cape Perpetua & Newport (Oregon Coast)">2017-10 Cape Perpetua</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-09-wr/" title="September 27, 2017: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington)">2017-09 Whittier Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-08-sn/" title="August 27-31, 2017: Sierra Nevada, California">2017-08 Sierra Nevada</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-08-te/" title="August 19-21, 2017: Total Eclipse of the Sun, Eastern Oregon">2017-08 Total Eclipse</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-08-mrnp/" title="August 9-10, 2017: Chinook Pass & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2017-08 Mount Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-08-gr/" title="August 4, 2017: Cloud Cap to Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2017-08 Gnarl Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-07-nc/" title="July 29-30, 2017: Vesper Peak & Mt. Pilchuck (North Cascades, Washington)">2017-07 Vesper Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-07-onp/" title="July 17-19, 2017: Olympic National Park, Washington">2017-07 Olympic National Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-07-vr/" title="July 8, 2017: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2017-07 Vista Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-07-hm/" title="July 3, 2017: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2017-07 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-06-ssm/" title="June 29, 2017: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2017-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-06-rv/" title="June 21-23, 2017: Rogue River Valley (Oregon)">2017-06 Rogue Valley</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-06-co/" title="June 6-8, 2017: Central Oregon">2017-06 Central Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-06-dm/" title="June 5, 2017: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2017-06 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-05-fnwr/" title="May 22, 2017: Finley National Wildlife Refuge & Mary's Peak (Oregon)">2017-05 Finley N.W.R.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-05-cc/" title="May 19, 2017: Cottonwood Canyon State Park & Seven-Mile Hill (Oregon)">2017-05 Cottonwood Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-05-jd/" title="May 6-7, 2017: John Day Fossil Beds & Kingston Prairie (Oregon)">2017-05 John Day Fossil Beds</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-05-utah/" title="April 29 - May 7, 2017: Eastern Utah">2017-05 Eastern Utah</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-04-ch/" title="April 16 & 29, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)">2017-04 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-03-db/" title="March 31, 2017: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2017-03 Doug's Beach S.P.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-03-cw/" title="March 23, 2017: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2017-03 Coyote Wall</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-02-hh/" title="February 12-13, 2017: High Hut (Tahoma State Forest, Washington)">2017-02 High Hut</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2017-01-kauai/" title="January 8-19, 2017: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2017-01 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2016'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2016 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2016 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2016'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2016 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2016</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2016" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-10-oc/" title="October 12, 2016: Opal Creek (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2016-10 Opal Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-09-bt/" title="September 17, 2016: Broken Top (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)">2016-09 Broken Top</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-08-nc/" title="August 28-29, 2016: North Cascades (Washington)">2016-08 North Cascades</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-08-ench/" title="August 27, 2016: Enchantments One-Day Traverse (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2016-08 The Enchantments</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-08-ec/" title="August 17, 2016: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2016-08 Elk Cove</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-08-ac/" title="August 6, 2016: Ape Canyon & Lava Canyon (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2016-08 Ape Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-cm/" title="July 31, 2016: Leigh Lake (Cabinet Mountains, Montana)">2016-07 Cabinet Mountains</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-gnp/" title="July 25-30, 2016: Glacier National Park (Montana)">2016-07 Glacier National Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2016: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon)">2016-07 Lookout Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-st/" title="July 6-8, 2016: Shasta-Trinity National Forest (California)">2016-07 Shasta-Trinity N.F.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-pr/" title="July 5, 2016: Pilot Rock, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Oregon)">2016-07 Pilot Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-07-mp/" title="July 2, 2016: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2016-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-06-im/" title="June 22, 2016: Cone Peak & Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2016-06 Iron Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-06-ssm/" title="June 21, 2016: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2016-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-06-bs/" title="June 18, 2016: Baskett Slough N.W.R. (Polk County, Oregon)">2016-06 Baskett Slough</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-06-sm/" title="June 12, 2016: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2016-06 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-06-gk/" title="June 7, 2016: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2016-06 Grassy Knoll</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-05-nur/" title="May 28-30, 2016: North Umpqua River (Oregon)">2016-05 North Umpqua River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-05-so/" title="May 16-19, 2016: Central & Southern Oregon">2016-05 Southern Oregon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-05-ch/" title="May 12, 2016: Cook Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2016-05 Cook Hill</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-05-dm/" title="May 5, 2016: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2016-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-05-tmp/" title="May 1, 2016: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2016-05 Tom McCall Preserve</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-04-cw/" title="April 18-20, 2016: Central Washington">2016-04 Central Washington</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-04-eg/" title="April 9, 2016: Catherine Creek & Dalles Mountain Road (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2016-04 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-04-cna/" title="April 7 & 15, 2016: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon)">2016-04 Camassia Natural Area</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-04-mp/" title="April 1, 2016: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2016-04 Munra Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-03-mh/" title="March 30, 2016: Memaloose Hills & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2016-03 Memaloose Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-03-cc/" title="March 2, 2016: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2016-03 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-02-az/" title="February 17-23, 2016: Arizona">2016-02 Arizona</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2016-01-hm/" title="January 18, 2016: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2016-01 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2015'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2015 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2015 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2015'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2015 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2015</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2015" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-11-lbc/" title="November 9, 2015: La Barge Canyon (Superstition Mountains, Arizona)">2015-11 La Barge Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-11-sedona/" title="November 8, 2015: Sedona, Arizona">2015-11 Sedona</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-10-mf/" title="October 15, 2015: Ramona Falls & Muddy Fork (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2015-10 Muddy Fork</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-10-fcc/" title="October 11, 2015: Falls Creek Cave, Gifford Pinchot N.F., Washington">2015-10 Falls Creek Cave</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-09-lc/" title="September 19, 2015: Cloud Cap to Langille Crags & Coe Creek (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2015-09 Langille Crags</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-09-sp/" title="September 11-12, 2015: Stevens Pass & vicinity (Washington)">2015-09 Stevens Pass</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-08-ms/" title="August 15, 2015: Middle Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)">2015-08 Middle Sister</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-07-am/" title="July 30, 2015: Rachel Lake & Alta Mountain (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2015-07 Alta Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-07-gr/" title="July 15, 2015: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2015-07 Goat Rocks</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-07-mrnp/" title="July 7-8, 2015: Paradise & Summerland (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2015-07 Mt. Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-06-tfj/" title="June 30, 2015: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)">2015-06 Three-Fingered Jack</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-06-onp/" title="June 24-25, 2015: Olympic National Park (Washington)">2015-06 Olympic National Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-06-vr/" title="June 18, 2015: Vista Ridge to Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2015-06 Vista Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2015: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2015-06 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-06-tdh/" title="June 7, 2015: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2015-06 Tom Dick & Harry</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-05-sn/" title="May 24-30, 2015: Sierra Nevada Road Trip">2015-05 Sierra Nevada</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-05-dm/" title="May 7, 2015: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2015-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-04-ch/" title="April 16, 2015: Columbia Hills, Klickitat County, Washington">2015-04 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-04-sd/" title="April 8, 2015: Siphon Draw, Superstition Mountains, Arizona">2015-04 Siphon Draw</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-04-pp/" title="April 8, 2015: Pinnacle Peak Park (Scottsdale, Arizona)">2015-04 Pinnacle Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-03-ip/" title="March 28, 2015: Indian Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2015-03 Indian Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-03-mp/" title="March 27, 2015: Mosier Plateau & Memaloose Pinnacles (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2015-03 Mosier Plateau</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-03-ec/" title="March 18, 2015: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2015-03 Eagle Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-02-hawaii/" title="February 24 - March 4, 2015: The Big Island of Hawaii">2015-02 Big Island</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-02-cw/" title="February 11, 2015: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2015-02 Coyote Wall</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2015-01-sf/" title="January 11, 2015: Silver Falls State Park (Marion County, Oregon)">2015-01 Silver Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2014'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2014 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2014 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2014'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2014 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2014</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2014" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-11-wr/" title="November 8, 2014: Mt. Hood Meadows to White River Canyon & Timberline Lodge (Oregon)">2014-11 White River Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2014: Thomas Lake & East Crater (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)">2014-10 Indian Heaven</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-10-tf/" title="October 4-5, 2014: Tamanawas Falls & Timothy Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2014-10 Tamanawas Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-09-cp/" title="September 27, 2014: Coldwater Peak (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2014-09 Coldwater Peak</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-09-eg/" title="September 5, 2014: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2014-09 Eliot Glacier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-08-mrnp/" title="August 27, 2014: Sunrise & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2014-08 Mt. Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-08-mp/" title="August 19, 2014: Maple Pass (North Cascades National Park, Washington)">2014-08 North Cascades</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-08-pb/" title="August 18, 2014: Scott Paul Trail & Park Butte (Mt. Baker, Washington)">2014-08 Mt. Baker</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-08-mr/" title="August 9-10, 2014: McKenzie River (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2014-08 McKenzie River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-08-cr/" title="August 2, 2014: Cady Ridge (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)">2014-08 Cady Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-07-kk/" title="July 25, 2014: Snoqualmie Pass to Kendall Katwalk (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2014-07 Kendall Katwalk</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-07-mp/" title="July 17, 2014: McNeil Point & Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2014-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-07-dd/" title="July 8, 2014: Sunrise Peak & Jumbo Peak (Dark Divide, Washington)">2014-07 Dark Divide</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-06-lt/" title="June 21-28, 2014: Lake Tahoe Road Trip">2014-06 Lake Tahoe</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-06-oc/" title="June 6-7, 2014: Opal Creek & Opal Lake (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2014-06 Opal Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-05-ekm/" title="May 31, 2014: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon)">2014-05 Elk+Kings Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-05-ec/" title="May 22, 2014: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2014-05 Eagle Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-05-cc/" title="May 16, 2014: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2014-05 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-05-mp/" title="May 14, 2014: Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon)">2014-05 Mount Pisgah</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-05-hrr/" title="May 13, 2014: Horse Rock Ridge (Linn County, Oregon)">2014-05 Horse Rock Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-04-sc/" title="April 30, 2014: Swale Canyon (Klickitat County, Washington)">2014-04 Swale Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-04-eg/" title="April 18, 2014: Catherine Creek, Dalles Mountain Road, & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Washington & Oregon)">2014-04 Eastern Gorge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-04-bs/" title="April 8, 2014: Garrapata State Park (Big Sur, California)">2014-04 Big Sur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-03-dr/" title="March 23, 2014: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)">2014-03 Deschutes River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-03-lco/" title="March 12, 2014: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2014-03 Lyle Cherry Orchard</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-02-wr/" title="February 22, 2014: White River snowshoeing (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2014-02 White River</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2014-01-sr/" title="January 18, 2014: Misery Ridge Loop (Smith Rock State Park, Oregon)">2014-01 Smith Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2013'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2013 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2013 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2013'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2013 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2013</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2013" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-12-rf/" title="December 29, 2013: Ramona Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2013-12 Ramona Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-11-dcf/" title="November 30, 2013: Dry Creek Falls & Wahclella Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2013-11 Wahclella Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-11-cf/" title="November 28, 2013: Cape Falcon (Oswald West State Park, Oregon)">2013-11 Cape Falcon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-10-is/" title="October 25, 2013: Illumination Saddle (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2013-10 Illumination Saddle</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-10-bm/" title="October 19, 2013: Bird Mountain (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)">2013-10 Indian Heaven</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-10-wr/" title="October 6, 2013: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2013-10 Whittier Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-09-gb/" title="September 11, 2013: Gothic Basin (North Cascades, Washington)">2013-09 Gothic Basin</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-08-bt/" title="August 31, 2013: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)">2013-08 Broken Top</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-08-ec/" title="August 20, 2013: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2013-08 Elk Cove</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-08-li/" title="August 14, 2013: Lake Ingalls (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2013-08 Lake Ingalls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-08-mrnp/" title="August 6, 2013: Paradise & Pinnacle Peak (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)">2013-08 Mt. Rainier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-08-jr/" title="August 3, 2013: Johnston Ridge (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2013-08 Johnston Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-07-mt/" title="July 27-28, 2013: Mt. Thielsen & Diamond Lake, Oregon">2013-07 Mount Thielsen</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-07-sl/" title="July 22, 2013: Snow Lake & Gem Lake (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)">2013-07 Snow & Gem Lakes</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-07-tfj/" title="July 11, 2013: Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)">2013-07 Three-Fingered Jack</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-07-mhm/" title="July 6, 2013: Mt. Hood Meadows & Newton Creek (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2013-07 Mt. Hood Meadows</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-06-sm/" title="June 28, 2013: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2013-06 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-06-ssm/" title="June 22, 2013: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2013-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-06-mp/" title="June 14, 2013: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2013-06 Munra Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-06-tdh/" title="June 6, 2013: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2013-06 Tom Dick & Harry</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-05-dm/" title="May 20, 2013: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2013-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-05-hm/" title="May 10, 2013: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2013-05 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-04-pnp/" title="April 24, 2013: Pinnacles National Park (California)">2013-04 Pinnacles N.P.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-04-ch/" title="April 21, 2013: Columbia Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2013-04 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-03-kauai/" title="March 4-11, 2013: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2013-03 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2013-03-lab/" title="March 2, 2013: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2013-03 The Labyrinth</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2012'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2012 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2012 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2012'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2012 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2012</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2012" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-11-sf/" title="November 5, 2012: Silver Falls State Park (Oregon)">2012-11 Silver Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-09-lc/" title="September 16, 2012: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2012-09 Lava Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-09-ml/" title="September 9, 2012: Memaloose Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2012-09 Memaloose Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-09-jp/" title="September 3, 2012: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jeffersion Wilderness, Oregon)">2012-09 Jefferson Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-08-gr/" title="August 25, 2012: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2012-08 Goat Rocks</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-08-eg/" title="August 19, 2012: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2012-08 Eliot Glacier</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-08-zc/" title="August 9, 2012: Sunset at Zigzag Canyon (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2012-08 Zigzag Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-07-bs/" title="July 28, 2012: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2012-07 Barrett Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-07-mp/" title="July 21, 2012: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2012-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2012: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2012-07 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-07-ml/" title="June 29 - July 2, 2012: Mt. Lassen & vicinity, California">2012-07 Mount Lassen</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-06-cc/" title="June 28, 2012: Castle Crags (Shasta County, California)">2012-06 Castle Crags</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-06-hr/" title="June 21, 2012: Hardy Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2012-06 Hardy Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-05-tm/" title="May 29, 2012: Table Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2012-05 Table Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-05-ra/" title="May 27, 2012: Rock of Ages Arch & Oneonta Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2012-05 Rock of Ages Arch</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-05-dm/" title="May 18, 2012: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2012-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-05-mp/" title="May 13, 2012: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2012-05 Munra Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-05-mh/" title="May 6, 2012: Memaloose Hills & Seven-Mile Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2012-05 Memaloose Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-04-tmp/" title="April 23, 2012: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2012-04 Tom McCall Preserve</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-04-oc/" title="April 2012: Oregon Coast (Newport, Boiler Bay, & Cannon Beach)">2012-04 Oregon Coast</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-04-cc/" title="April 2, 2012: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2012-04 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-03-sjdc/" title="March 4-10, 2012: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico)">2012-03 San Jose del Cabo</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2012-02-cl/" title="February 5, 2012: Cape Lookout State Park (Oregon)">2012-02 Cape Lookout</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2011'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2011 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2011 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2011'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2011 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2011</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2011" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-10-sc/" title="October 18, 2011: Sheep Canyon (Mount St. Helens, Washington)">2011-10 Sheep Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-10-md/" title="October 8, 2011: Mount Defiance, Oregon">2011-10 Mount Defiance</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-09-lf/" title="September 30, 2011: Latourell Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2011-09 Latourell Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-09-fcf/" title="September 11, 2011: Falls Creek Falls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2011-09 Falls Creek Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-08-pp/" title="August 27-28, 2011: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2011-08 Paradise Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-08-wf/" title="August 17, 2011: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2011-08 Wahkeena Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-08-ssm/" title="August 3, 2011: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2011-08 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-07-mp/" title="July 30-31, 2011: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2011-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-07-cl/" title="July 14-20, 2011: Crater Lake & Northern California">2011-07 Crater Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-07-hm/" title="July 9, 2011: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2011-07 Hamilton Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-07-sm/" title="July 2, 2011: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2011-07 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-06-oc/" title="June 21-22, 2011: Cannon Beach & Neahkahnie Mountain (Oregon)">2011-06 Oregon Coast</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-06-ar/" title="June 21, 2011: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2011-06 Angel's Rest</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-06-ef/" title="June 17, 2011: Elowah Falls & Upper McCord Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2011-06 Elowah Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-05-cc/" title="May 18, 2011: Catherine Creek & Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2011-05 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-03-lab/" title="March 22, 2011: The Labyrinth & Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2011-03 Labyrinth & Dog Mtn.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2011-01-gc/" title="January 27, 2011: Gales Creek (Coast Range, Oregon)">2011-01 Gales Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2010'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2010 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2010 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2010'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2010 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2010</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2010" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-12-yh/" title="December 24-26, 2010: Newport & Yaquina Head (Oregon Coast)">2010-12 Newport</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-11-cw/" title="November 14, 2010: Coyote Wall (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2010-11 Coyote Wall</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-10-mm/" title="October 20, 2010: Mt. Margaret Backcountry (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2010-10 Mount Margaret</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-10-lr/" title="October 2, 2010: Lemei Rock (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)">2010-10 Lemei Rock</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-09-mh/" title="September 2, 2010: Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2010-09 Mississippi Head</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-08-vr/" title="August 15, 2010: Vista Ridge & Sunset on Mt. Hood, Oregon">2010-08 Vista Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-07-mp/" title="July 23, 2010: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2010-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2010: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2010-07 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-07-scf/" title="July 1, 2010: Summit Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2010-07 Summit Creek Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-05-hrm/" title="May 15, 2010: Hood River Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2010-05 Hood River Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-03-cc/" title="March 18, 2010: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2010-03 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2010-02-lab/" title="February 28, 2010: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2010-02 The Labyrinth</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2009'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2009 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2009 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2009'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2009 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2009</a></p></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2009" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-09-me/" title="September 28, 2009: Mount Eddy & Deadfall Lakes (California)">2009-09 Mount Eddy</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-09-ma/" title="September 2, 2009: Killen Creek/High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington)">2009-09 Mount Adams</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-08-pp/" title="August 18, 2009: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2009-08 Paradise Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-08-jp/" title="August 11, 2009: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)">2009-08 Jefferson Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-08-mp/" title="August 4, 2009: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2009-08 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-07-gr/" title="July 31, 2009: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2009-07 Gnarl Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-06-ssm/" title="June 23, 2009: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2009-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-05-ch/" title="May 11, 2009: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2009-05 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-04-lco/" title="April 6, 2009: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2009-04 Lyle Cherry Orchard</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-03-sc/" title="March 17-18, 2009: Santa Cruz (California)">2009-03 Santa Cruz</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2009-02-sjdc/" title="February 5-11, 2009: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico)">2009-02 San Jose del Cabo</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2008'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2008 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2008 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2008'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2008 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2008</a></p></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2008" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-10-ms/" title="October 12, 2008: Mount Shasta (California)">2008-10 Mt. Shasta</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-08-ncr/" title="August 28, 2008: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2008-08 Newton Clark Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-08-bs/" title="August 12, 2008: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2008-08 Barrett Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-07-ssm/" title="July 23, 2008: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2008-07 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-06-ch/" title="June 22, 2008: Cascade Head (Oregon Coast)">2008-06 Cascade Head</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-06-dm/" title="June 2, 2008: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2008-06 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-05-as/" title="May 2, 2008: Alder Springs Trail (Jefferson County, Oregon)">2008-05 Alder Springs</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-04-cc/" title="April 1, 2008: Catherine Creek (Klickitat County, Washington)">2008-04 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2008-02-kauai/" title="January 30 - February 6, 2008: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2008-02 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
</table>
<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%">
<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2007'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2007 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2007 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2007'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2007 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2007</a></p></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2007" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-11-msh/" title="November 3, 2007: Mount St. Helens climb (Washington)">2007-11 Mt. St. Helens</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-08-ec/" title="August 16, 2007: Pinnacle Ridge to Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2007-08 Elk Cove</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-08-ss/" title="August 9, 2007: South Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)">2007-08 South Sister</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-08-jp/" title="August 2, 2007: Jefferson Park, Oregon">2007-08 Jefferson Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-07-cs/" title="July 26, 2007: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2007-07 Cooper Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2007: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon)">2007-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-06-nm/" title="June 19, 2007: Neahkahnie Mountain, Oregon">2007-06 Neahkahnie Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-06-lm/" title="June 2, 2007: Larch Mountain, Oregon">2007-06 Larch Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-05-dm/" title="May 17, 2007: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2007-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-05-cc/" title="May 5, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2007-05 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-04-tmp/" title="April 5, 2007: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2007-04 Tom McCall Preserve</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-03-cc/" title="March 16, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2007-03 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2007-01-kauai/" title="January 9-16, 2007: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2007-01 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2006'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2006 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2006 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2006'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2006 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2006</a></p></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2006" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-09-eg/" title="September 3, 2006: Langille Crags (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2006-09 Langille Crags</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-08-vr/" title="August 20, 2006: Vista Ridge & Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2006-08 Vista Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-08-pjg/" title="August 13, 2006: Portland Japanese Garden">2006-08 Japanese Garden</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-08-ma/" title="August 4, 2006: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington)">2006-08 Mount Adams</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-07-pp/" title="July 26, 2006: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2006-07 Paradise Park</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-07-pr/" title="July 20, 2006: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2006-07 Pinnacle Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-07-mp/" title="July 9, 2006: Bald Mountain & McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2006-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-07-sis/" title="July 2-3, 2006: Sisters & Smith Rock (Oregon)">2006-07 Sisters</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-06-cp/" title="June 25-26, 2006: McKenzie River & Cone Peak/Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)">2006-06 Cone Peak/Iron Mtn.</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-06-ssm/" title="June 17, 2006: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)">2006-06 Silver Star Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2006: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2006-06 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2006: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2006-05 Columbia Hills</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-04-dm/" title="April 19, 2006: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2006-04 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-04-cc/" title="April 12, 2006: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2006-04 Catherine Creek</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2006-02-gr/" title="February 12, 2006: Ghost Ridge/Tri-County Ridge snowshoeing">2006-02 Ghost Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2005'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2005 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2005 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2005'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2005 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2005</a></p></td></tr>
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<table cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0 width="100%" id="menu 2005" class="visible">
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-10-rr/" title="October 23, 2005: Ruckel Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2005-10 Ruckel Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-10-lc/" title="October 17, 2005: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)">2005-10 Lava Canyon</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-10-tf/" title="October 9, 2005: Tamanawas Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2005-10 Tamanawas Falls</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-09-gr/" title="September 25, 2005: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2005-09 Gnarl Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-08-bs/" title="August 24, 2005: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2005-08 Barrett Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-08-bc/" title="August 13, 2005: Black Crater (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)">2005-08 Black Crater</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-08-cr/" title="August 4, 2005: Cathedral Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2005-08 Cathedral Ridge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-07-sm/" title="July 30, 2005: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)">2005-07 Saddle Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-07-bl/" title="July 26, 2005: Burnt Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2005-07 Burnt Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-07-tl/" title="July 23, 2005: Timberline Lodge (Oregon)">2005-07 Timberline Lodge</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-07-cs/" title="July 9, 2005: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2005-07 Cooper Spur</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-07-mp/" title="July 14, 2005: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)">2005-07 McNeil Point</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-06-ar/" title="June 25, 2005: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)">2005-06 Angel's Rest</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-05-ml/" title="May 28, 2005: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)">2005-05 Mirror Lake</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2005-05-dm/" title="May 11, 2005: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)">2005-05 Dog Mountain</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2000-2004'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2000-2004 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu 2000-2004 expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu 2000-2004'); TogglePlusMinus('menu 2000-2004 expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">2000-2004</a></p></td></tr>
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<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="knapp/" title="Knapp Street, Portland, OR">2004-present Portland</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2004-03-france/" title="March 2-9, 2004: Paris & Alsace, France">2004-03 France</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2002-03-kauai/" title="March 3-11, 2002: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2002-03 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2001-03-kauai/" title="March 6-13, 2001: Kaua'i, Hawaii">2001-03 Kaua'i</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="2000-2003/" title="Miscellaneous photos from 2000 to 2003">2000 to 2003</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<tr valign=middle><td width=7><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu misc.'); TogglePlusMinus('menu misc. expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;"><img src="images/minus.gif" id="menu misc. expander" width=9 height=9 alt="-" border=0 style="margin: 2px 4px 0px 4px"></a></td><td width="100%" nowrap><p class="heading"><a href="javascript:void(0)" onClick="Toggle('menu misc.'); TogglePlusMinus('menu misc. expander','images/plus.gif','images/minus.gif'); this.blur(); return true;">misc.</a></p></td></tr>
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<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="best/" title="Adam's favorite photos">Favorites</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="misc/" title="Odds & Ends, 2005-2023">Odds & Ends</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
<tr valign=top><td width="100%" class=""><p>• <a href="coast/" title="Oregon Coast Odds & Ends, 2005-2023">Oregon Coast</a></p></td><td width="1"></td></tr>
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<h1 style="margin-top:0px; padding-top:20px;">Wildflower Photography by Adam Schneider</h1>
<p style="padding-left:2px;">
The photos on this site — most of which are of wildflowers and other interesting plants — are grouped by trip and listed more or less chronologically. Most of the albums are from Oregon and Washington; unless otherwise noted, I took all of the pictures. (<a href="map.php" style="text-decoration:underline">Here's a map</a> showing the approximate locations of most of the albums.) <!-- I'm usually somewhere between 6 and 12 months behind in "processing" my files. -->
</p>
<p style="padding-left:2px;">
All the images have a visible watermark (my e-mail address and URL) on them. If you'd like to use any of them in your own works, please contact me for permission/licensing; I can provide un-watermarked — and usually larger — copies.
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<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" class="master_index" width="100%">
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="best/" title="Adam's favorite photos [143 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -0px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="best/" title="Adam's favorite photos [143 photos]">Favorites<span class="album_state" style="display:block"></span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="misc/" title="Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [209 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -0px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="misc/" title="Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [209 photos]">Odds & Ends<span class="album_state" style="display:block"></span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="coast/" title="Oregon Coast Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [158 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -0px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="coast/" title="Oregon Coast Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [158 photos]">Oregon Coast<span class="album_state" style="display:block"></span></a></td>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-09-wf/" title="September 12, 2023: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -45px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-09-wf/" title="September 12, 2023: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-09</span><span style="display:block">Wahkeena Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-06-bm/" title="June 12-15, 2023: Blue Mountains (southeastern Washington) [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -45px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-06-bm/" title="June 12-15, 2023: Blue Mountains (southeastern Washington) [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-06</span><span style="display:block">Blue Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-06-wm/" title="June 5-7, 2023: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas & Chelan Counties, Washington) [210 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -45px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-06-wm/" title="June 5-7, 2023: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas & Chelan Counties, Washington) [210 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-06</span><span style="display:block">Wenatchee Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
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<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-bb/" title="May 28, 2023: Mitchell Point & Bald Butte (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -90px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-bb/" title="May 28, 2023: Mitchell Point & Bald Butte (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Bald Butte</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-dm/" title="May 25, 2023: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -90px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-dm/" title="May 25, 2023: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-hm/" title="May 18, 2023: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -90px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-hm/" title="May 18, 2023: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-cp/" title="May 9-12, 2023: Columbia Plateau (south-central Washington) [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -135px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-cp/" title="May 9-12, 2023: Columbia Plateau (south-central Washington) [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Plateau</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-kwa/" title="May 6, 2023: Klickitat Wildlife Area & Glenwood Highway (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -135px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-kwa/" title="May 6, 2023: Klickitat Wildlife Area & Glenwood Highway (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Klickitat Wildlife Area</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-05-cna/" title="May 2, 2023: Camassia Natural Area & Wilderness Park (West Linn, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -135px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-05-cna/" title="May 2, 2023: Camassia Natural Area & Wilderness Park (West Linn, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-05</span><span style="display:block">Camassia Natural Area</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-04-mcr/" title="April 27, 2023: Mill Creek Ridge (Wasco County, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -180px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-04-mcr/" title="April 27, 2023: Mill Creek Ridge (Wasco County, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-04</span><span style="display:block">Mill Creek Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-04-sv/" title="April 17-21, 2023: Sacramento Valley (California) [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -180px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-04-sv/" title="April 17-21, 2023: Sacramento Valley (California) [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-04</span><span style="display:block">Sacramento Valley</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-04-md/" title="April 9-15, 2023: Mojave Desert & Death Valley, California [7 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -180px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-04-md/" title="April 9-15, 2023: Mojave Desert & Death Valley, California [7 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-04</span><span style="display:block">Mojave Desert</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (7 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-04-lb/" title="April 8, 2023: Lava Beds National Monument (Modoc County, California) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -225px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-04-lb/" title="April 8, 2023: Lava Beds National Monument (Modoc County, California) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-04</span><span style="display:block">Lava Beds N.M.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-03-cc/" title="March 29, 2023: Catherine Creek & Rowland Wall (Klickitat County, Washington) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -225px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-03-cc/" title="March 29, 2023: Catherine Creek & Rowland Wall (Klickitat County, Washington) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-03</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-03-dr/" title="March 17, 2023: Gordon Ridge & Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -225px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-03-dr/" title="March 17, 2023: Gordon Ridge & Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-03</span><span style="display:block">Deschutes River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-03-eg/" title="March 11, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -270px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-03-eg/" title="March 11, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-03</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington+Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2023-01-eg/" title="January 26 & February 12, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -270px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2023-01-eg/" title="January 26 & February 12, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2023-01</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington+Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-10-rr/" title="October 1, 2022: Rooster Rock State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -270px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-10-rr/" title="October 1, 2022: Rooster Rock State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-10</span><span style="display:block">Rooster Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-09-ma/" title="September 7, 2022: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [115 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -315px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-09-ma/" title="September 7, 2022: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [115 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-09</span><span style="display:block">Mount Adams</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-gp/" title="August 31, 2022: Guye Peak (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [42 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -315px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-gp/" title="August 31, 2022: Guye Peak (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [42 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Guye Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-cr/" title="August 30, 2022: Cathedral Rock (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -315px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-cr/" title="August 30, 2022: Cathedral Rock (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Cathedral Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-ot/" title="August 23, 2022: Obsidian Trail (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -360px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-ot/" title="August 23, 2022: Obsidian Trail (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Obsidian Trail</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-tcl/" title="August 22, 2022: Little Three Creek Lake & Three Creek Lake (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -360px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-tcl/" title="August 22, 2022: Little Three Creek Lake & Three Creek Lake (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Three Creek Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-mp/" title="August 16, 2022: McNeil Point, Ho Rock, & Co Rock (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -360px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-mp/" title="August 16, 2022: McNeil Point, Ho Rock, & Co Rock (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-np/" title="August 12, 2022: Naches Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -405px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-np/" title="August 12, 2022: Naches Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Naches Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-tr/" title="August 11, 2022: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -405px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-tr/" title="August 11, 2022: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Tatoosh Range</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-08-cm/" title="August 3-4, 2022: Calapooya Mountains (Umpqua National Forest, Lane County & Douglas County, Oregon) [175 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -405px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-08-cm/" title="August 3-4, 2022: Calapooya Mountains (Umpqua National Forest, Lane County & Douglas County, Oregon) [175 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-08</span><span style="display:block">Calapooya Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-ap/" title="July 29, 2022: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -450px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-ap/" title="July 29, 2022: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Angora Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-tp/" title="July 22, 2022: Harts Pass & Tatie Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -450px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-tp/" title="July 22, 2022: Harts Pass & Tatie Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Tatie Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-tm/" title="July 20-21, 2022: Tiffany Mountain & Tiffany Highlands (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -450px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-tm/" title="July 20-21, 2022: Tiffany Mountain & Tiffany Highlands (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Tiffany Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-mp/" title="July 8, 2022: Parish Lake, Middle Pyramid, & Park Creek Basin (Linn County, Oregon) [145 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -495px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-mp/" title="July 8, 2022: Parish Lake, Middle Pyramid, & Park Creek Basin (Linn County, Oregon) [145 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Middle Pyramid</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-mt/" title="July 14, 2022: Mount Townsend (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [115 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -495px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-mt/" title="July 14, 2022: Mount Townsend (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [115 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Mount Townsend</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-mf/" title="July 8, 2022: Multorpor Fen (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -495px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-mf/" title="July 8, 2022: Multorpor Fen (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Multorpor Fen</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-lc/" title="July 5-7, 2022: Lake County, Oregon [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -540px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-lc/" title="July 5-7, 2022: Lake County, Oregon [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Lake County</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-07-tcr/" title="July 1, 2022: Three Corner Rock (Skamania County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -540px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-07-tcr/" title="July 1, 2022: Three Corner Rock (Skamania County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-07</span><span style="display:block">Three Corner Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-06-cl/" title="June 27, 2022: Conboy Lake N.W.R. & Brooks Memorial State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -540px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-06-cl/" title="June 27, 2022: Conboy Lake N.W.R. & Brooks Memorial State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-06</span><span style="display:block">Conboy Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-06-wc/" title="June 22-24, 2022: Western Cascades (Lane County, Oregon) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -585px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-06-wc/" title="June 22-24, 2022: Western Cascades (Lane County, Oregon) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-06</span><span style="display:block">Western Cascades</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-06-wm/" title="June 15, 2022: Wind Mountain & Dog Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -585px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-06-wm/" title="June 15, 2022: Wind Mountain & Dog Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-06</span><span style="display:block">Wind Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-06-seo/" title="June 7-11, 2022: Southeastern Oregon [6 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -585px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-06-seo/" title="June 7-11, 2022: Southeastern Oregon [6 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-06</span><span style="display:block">Southeastern Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (6 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-oc/" title="May 30 - June 2, 2022: Central Oregon Coast (Lincoln County) [115 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -630px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-oc/" title="May 30 - June 2, 2022: Central Oregon Coast (Lincoln County) [115 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Oregon Coast</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-fnwr/" title="May 30, 2022: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -630px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-fnwr/" title="May 30, 2022: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Finley N.W.R.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-dr/" title="May 25, 2022: Deschutes River (Wasco County & Jefferson County, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -630px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-dr/" title="May 25, 2022: Deschutes River (Wasco County & Jefferson County, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Deschutes River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-ec/" title="May 20, 2022: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [125 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -675px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-ec/" title="May 20, 2022: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [125 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Eagle Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-id/" title="May 10-13, 2022: Western Idaho & Eastern Oregon [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -675px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-id/" title="May 10-13, 2022: Western Idaho & Eastern Oregon [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Idaho/E. Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Idaho+Oregon (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-05-hr/" title="May 3, 2022: Hood River Mountain & Mosier (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -675px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-05-hr/" title="May 3, 2022: Hood River Mountain & Mosier (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-05</span><span style="display:block">Hood River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-04-lh/" title="April 29, 2022: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Columbia County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -720px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-04-lh/" title="April 29, 2022: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Columbia County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-04</span><span style="display:block">Liberty Hill</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-04-mm/" title="April 29, 2022: Mima Mounds & Scatter Creek (Thurston County, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -720px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-04-mm/" title="April 29, 2022: Mima Mounds & Scatter Creek (Thurston County, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-04</span><span style="display:block">Mima Mounds</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-04-jd/" title="April 24-25, 2022: John Day River Basin (North-Central Oregon) [180 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -720px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-04-jd/" title="April 24-25, 2022: John Day River Basin (North-Central Oregon) [180 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-04</span><span style="display:block">John Day River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-04-so/" title="April 4-8, 2022: Southern Oregon & Northern California [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -765px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-04-so/" title="April 4-8, 2022: Southern Oregon & Northern California [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-04</span><span style="display:block">Southern Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+California (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-03-ch/" title="March 26, 2022: Shotgun Creek, Horse Rock Ridge, & Cascadia State Park (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -765px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-03-ch/" title="March 26, 2022: Shotgun Creek, Horse Rock Ridge, & Cascadia State Park (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-03</span><span style="display:block">Coburg Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-03-lco/" title="March 22, 2022: Lyle Cherry Orchard & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -765px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-03-lco/" title="March 22, 2022: Lyle Cherry Orchard & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-03</span><span style="display:block">Lyle Cherry Orchard</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-03-ct/" title="March 16, 2022: BLM Criterion Tract (Wasco County, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -810px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-03-ct/" title="March 16, 2022: BLM Criterion Tract (Wasco County, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-03</span><span style="display:block">Criterion Tract</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-03-mcr/" title="March 6, 2022: Mill Creek Ridge & Mill Creek Preserve (Wasco County, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -810px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-03-mcr/" title="March 6, 2022: Mill Creek Ridge & Mill Creek Preserve (Wasco County, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-03</span><span style="display:block">Mill Creek Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-02-eg/" title="February 10, 2022: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington) [47 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -810px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-02-eg/" title="February 10, 2022: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington) [47 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-02</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-01-dm/" title="January 21, 2022: Winter on Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -855px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-01-dm/" title="January 21, 2022: Winter on Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-01</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2022-01-yh/" title="January 14, 2022: Yaquina Head (Lincoln County, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -855px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2022-01-yh/" title="January 14, 2022: Yaquina Head (Lincoln County, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2022-01</span><span style="display:block">Yaquina Head</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-12-ch/" title="December 1, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -855px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-12-ch/" title="December 1, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-12</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2021: Thomas Lake & Blue Lake (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -900px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2021: Thomas Lake & Blue Lake (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-10</span><span style="display:block">Indian Heaven</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-09-mw/" title="September 25, 2021: Mount Washington (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -900px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-09-mw/" title="September 25, 2021: Mount Washington (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-09</span><span style="display:block">Mount Washington</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-09-sb/" title="September 21, 2021: Sleeping Beauty, Steamboat Mountain, & waterfalls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -900px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-09-sb/" title="September 21, 2021: Sleeping Beauty, Steamboat Mountain, & waterfalls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-09</span><span style="display:block">Sleeping Beauty</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-09-cr/" title="August 27, September 7, & September 11, 2021: Lower Columbia River, Oregon [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -945px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-09-cr/" title="August 27, September 7, & September 11, 2021: Lower Columbia River, Oregon [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-09</span><span style="display:block">Columbia River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-09-mhm/" title="September 3, 2021: Mount Hood Meadows (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -945px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-09-mhm/" title="September 3, 2021: Mount Hood Meadows (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-09</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Hood Meadows</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-08-mb/" title="August 10-12, 2021: Mt. Baker Highway (Washington) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -945px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-08-mb/" title="August 10-12, 2021: Mt. Baker Highway (Washington) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Baker</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (3 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-08-mrnp/" title="July 22, August 5, & August 19, 2021: Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -990px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-08-mrnp/" title="July 22, August 5, & August 19, 2021: Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-07-mp/" title="July 29, 2021: Marmot Pass & Buckhorn Mountain (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -990px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-07-mp/" title="July 29, 2021: Marmot Pass & Buckhorn Mountain (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-07</span><span style="display:block">Marmot Pass</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2021: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -990px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2021: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-07</span><span style="display:block">Lookout Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-07-bm/" title="July 9-12, 2021: Blue Mountains (Oregon) [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1035px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-07-bm/" title="July 9-12, 2021: Blue Mountains (Oregon) [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-07</span><span style="display:block">Blue Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-07-bs/" title="July 5, 2021: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1035px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-07-bs/" title="July 5, 2021: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-07</span><span style="display:block">Barrett Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-sm/" title="June 29 - July 1, 2021: Siskiyou Mountains (Southern Oregon) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1035px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-sm/" title="June 29 - July 1, 2021: Siskiyou Mountains (Southern Oregon) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">Siskiyou Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (3 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-wm/" title="June 23-24, 2021: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas County, Washington) [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1080px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-wm/" title="June 23-24, 2021: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas County, Washington) [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">Wenatchee Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-gk/" title="June 17, 2021: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1080px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-gk/" title="June 17, 2021: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">Grassy Knoll</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-hrr/" title="June 10, 2021: Horse Rock Ridge & Kingston Prairie (Linn County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1080px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-hrr/" title="June 10, 2021: Horse Rock Ridge & Kingston Prairie (Linn County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">Horse Rock Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-mc/" title="April 22 & June 6, 2021: McCord Creek & Elowah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1125px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-mc/" title="April 22 & June 6, 2021: McCord Creek & Elowah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">McCord Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-06-co/" title="June 2-5, 2021: Central Oregon [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1125px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-06-co/" title="June 2-5, 2021: Central Oregon [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-06</span><span style="display:block">Central Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-05-mh/" title="May 26, 2021: Mount Hebo (Coast Range, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1125px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-05-mh/" title="May 26, 2021: Mount Hebo (Coast Range, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-05</span><span style="display:block">Mount Hebo</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-05-cw/" title="May 17-20, 2021: Central Washington [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1170px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-05-cw/" title="May 17-20, 2021: Central Washington [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-05</span><span style="display:block">Central Washington</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (4 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-05-sm/" title="May 13, 2021: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1170px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-05-sm/" title="May 13, 2021: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-05</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-05-eo/" title="May 3-8, 2021: Eastern Oregon [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1170px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-05-eo/" title="May 3-8, 2021: Eastern Oregon [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-05</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (5 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-04-cc/" title="April 27, 2021: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1215px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-04-cc/" title="April 27, 2021: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-04</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-04-ch/" title="April 19, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1215px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-04-ch/" title="April 19, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-04</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-04-tc/" title="April 13-14, 2021: Tehama County, California [180 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1215px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-04-tc/" title="April 13-14, 2021: Tehama County, California [180 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-04</span><span style="display:block">Tehama County</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-04-so/" title="April 12-17, 2021: Southern Oregon [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1260px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-04-so/" title="April 12-17, 2021: Southern Oregon [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-04</span><span style="display:block">Southern Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+California (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-04-kwa/" title="April 6, 2021: Klickitat Wildlife Area (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1260px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-04-kwa/" title="April 6, 2021: Klickitat Wildlife Area (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-04</span><span style="display:block">Klickitat Wildlife Area</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-03-cc/" title="March 31, 2021: Cottonwood Canyon State Park (Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1260px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-03-cc/" title="March 31, 2021: Cottonwood Canyon State Park (Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-03</span><span style="display:block">Cottonwood Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-03-lh/" title="March 26, 2021: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1305px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-03-lh/" title="March 26, 2021: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-03</span><span style="display:block">Liberty Hill</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-03-rp/" title="March 17, 2021: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1305px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-03-rp/" title="March 17, 2021: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-03</span><span style="display:block">Rowena Plateau</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-03-td/" title="March 11, 2021: Chenoweth Tableland & Seufert Park (The Dalles, OR), and Devil's Gap (Washington) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1305px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-03-td/" title="March 11, 2021: Chenoweth Tableland & Seufert Park (The Dalles, OR), and Devil's Gap (Washington) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-03</span><span style="display:block">The Dalles</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-02-eg/" title="February 24, 2021: Lower Deschutes River & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1350px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-02-eg/" title="February 24, 2021: Lower Deschutes River & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-02</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2021-01-lab/" title="January 7, 2021: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1350px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2021-01-lab/" title="January 7, 2021: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2021-01</span><span style="display:block">The Labyrinth</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-11-wr/" title="November 1, 2020: White River Canyon & White River Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1350px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-11-wr/" title="November 1, 2020: White River Canyon & White River Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-11</span><span style="display:block">White River Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-10-lr/" title="October 16, 2020: Lewis River (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1395px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-10-lr/" title="October 16, 2020: Lewis River (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-10</span><span style="display:block">Lewis River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-10-ench/" title="October 1, 2020: The Enchantments (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1395px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-10-ench/" title="October 1, 2020: The Enchantments (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-10</span><span style="display:block">The Enchantments</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-09-dp/" title="September 3, 2020: Diamond Peak (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1395px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-09-dp/" title="September 3, 2020: Diamond Peak (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-09</span><span style="display:block">Diamond Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-08-pr/" title="August 29, 2020: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1440px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-08-pr/" title="August 29, 2020: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-08</span><span style="display:block">Pinnacle Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-08-ma/" title="August 26, 2020: Divide Camp Trail to Adams Glacier & High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1440px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-08-ma/" title="August 26, 2020: Divide Camp Trail to Adams Glacier & High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-08</span><span style="display:block">Mount Adams</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-08-cp/" title="August 19, 2020: Noble Knob, Yakima Peak, & Naches Peak (Washington) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1440px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-08-cp/" title="August 19, 2020: Noble Knob, Yakima Peak, & Naches Peak (Washington) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-08</span><span style="display:block">Chinook Pass</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-08-tfj/" title="August 14, 2020: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1485px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-08-tfj/" title="August 14, 2020: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-08</span><span style="display:block">Three-Fingered Jack</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-08-sn/" title="August 4-8, 2020: Sierra Nevada Mountains (California) [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1485px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-08-sn/" title="August 4-8, 2020: Sierra Nevada Mountains (California) [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-08</span><span style="display:block">Sierra Nevada</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California+Nevada (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-la/" title="July 29, 2020: Lake of the Angels (Olympic National Park, Washington) [125 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1485px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-la/" title="July 29, 2020: Lake of the Angels (Olympic National Park, Washington) [125 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">Lake of the Angels</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-br/" title="July 23, 2020: Browder Ridge (Western Cascades, Oregon) [105 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1530px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-br/" title="July 23, 2020: Browder Ridge (Western Cascades, Oregon) [105 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">Browder Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-bm/" title="July 15-17, 2020: Blue Mountains, Oregon [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1530px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-bm/" title="July 15-17, 2020: Blue Mountains, Oregon [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">Blue Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2020: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1530px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2020: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-nr/" title="July 8, 2020: Nasty Rock & Not Nasty Rock (Western Cascades, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1575px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-nr/" title="July 8, 2020: Nasty Rock & Not Nasty Rock (Western Cascades, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">Nasty Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-07-bl/" title="July 3, 2020: Boulder Lake/Bonney Meadows & Tygh Creek Trail (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1575px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-07-bl/" title="July 3, 2020: Boulder Lake/Bonney Meadows & Tygh Creek Trail (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-07</span><span style="display:block">Bonney Meadows</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-06-km/" title="June 21-25, 2020: Klamath Mountains, Oregon & California [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1575px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-06-km/" title="June 21-25, 2020: Klamath Mountains, Oregon & California [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-06</span><span style="display:block">Klamath Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+California (5 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-06-ekm/" title="June 17, 2020: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1620px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-06-ekm/" title="June 17, 2020: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-06</span><span style="display:block">Elk+Kings Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-06-wc/" title="June 10, 2020: White River Falls, Deschutes River, Postage Stamp Butte, & Bottle Prairie (Wasco & Hood River Counties, Oregon) [140 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1620px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-06-wc/" title="June 10, 2020: White River Falls, Deschutes River, Postage Stamp Butte, & Bottle Prairie (Wasco & Hood River Counties, Oregon) [140 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-06</span><span style="display:block">Wasco County</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-06-tr/" title="June 3, 2020: Rooster Rock & Table Rock (Table Rock Wilderness, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1620px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-06-tr/" title="June 3, 2020: Rooster Rock & Table Rock (Table Rock Wilderness, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-06</span><span style="display:block">Table Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-05-cp/" title="May 27, 2020: Central Oregon Coast: Cape Perpetua, Florence, and Yachats [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1665px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-05-cp/" title="May 27, 2020: Central Oregon Coast: Cape Perpetua, Florence, and Yachats [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-05</span><span style="display:block">Cape Perpetua</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-05-np/" title="May 23, 2020: Nestor Peak (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1665px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-05-np/" title="May 23, 2020: Nestor Peak (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-05</span><span style="display:block">Nestor Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-05-kc/" title="May 20, 2020: Brooks Memorial State Park, Klickitat Wildlife Area, & Swale Creek Wildlife Area (Washington) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1665px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-05-kc/" title="May 20, 2020: Brooks Memorial State Park, Klickitat Wildlife Area, & Swale Creek Wildlife Area (Washington) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-05</span><span style="display:block">Klickitat County</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-05-rv/" title="May 4-8, 2020: Rogue Valley & Illinois Valley, Oregon [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1710px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-05-rv/" title="May 4-8, 2020: Rogue Valley & Illinois Valley, Oregon [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-05</span><span style="display:block">Rogue Valley</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-05-cb/" title="May 1, 2020: Canemah Bluff Nature Park (Oregon City, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1710px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-05-cb/" title="May 1, 2020: Canemah Bluff Nature Park (Oregon City, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-05</span><span style="display:block">Canemah Bluff</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-04-mp/" title="April 21, 2020: Mount Pisgah & Willow Creek Preserve (Lane County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1710px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-04-mp/" title="April 21, 2020: Mount Pisgah & Willow Creek Preserve (Lane County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-04</span><span style="display:block">Mount Pisgah</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-04-dr/" title="April 17, 2020: White River Wildlife Area & Deschutes River (Wasco County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1755px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-04-dr/" title="April 17, 2020: White River Wildlife Area & Deschutes River (Wasco County, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-04</span><span style="display:block">Deschutes River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-04-sb/" title="April 10, 2020: Spring Basin Wilderness & Deschutes River (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1755px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-04-sb/" title="April 10, 2020: Spring Basin Wilderness & Deschutes River (Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-04</span><span style="display:block">Spring Basin</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-03-am/" title="March 22, 2020: Archer Mountain & Duncan Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1755px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-03-am/" title="March 22, 2020: Archer Mountain & Duncan Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-03</span><span style="display:block">Archer Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-03-eg/" title="March 18, 2020: Columbia Hills, Doug's Beach, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1800px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-03-eg/" title="March 18, 2020: Columbia Hills, Doug's Beach, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-03</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-03-hm/" title="March 12, 2020: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1800px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-03-hm/" title="March 12, 2020: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-03</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-02-eg/" title="February 28, 2020: Memaloose Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1800px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-02-eg/" title="February 28, 2020: Memaloose Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-02</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2020-02-cw/" title="February 12, 2020: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1845px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2020-02-cw/" title="February 12, 2020: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2020-02</span><span style="display:block">Coyote Wall</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-12-ck/" title="December 12, 2019: Cape Kiwanda, Sitka Sedge, & Oceanside (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1845px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-12-ck/" title="December 12, 2019: Cape Kiwanda, Sitka Sedge, & Oceanside (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-12</span><span style="display:block">Cape Kiwanda</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-10-sc/" title="October 12, 2019: Siouxon Creek (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1845px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-10-sc/" title="October 12, 2019: Siouxon Creek (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-10</span><span style="display:block">Siouxon Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-10-cr/" title="October 4-6, 2019: Capitol Reef National Park (Utah) [105 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1890px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-10-cr/" title="October 4-6, 2019: Capitol Reef National Park (Utah) [105 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-10</span><span style="display:block">Capitol Reef N.P.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Utah</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-10-wm/" title="October 3 & 7, 2019: Mt. Raymond & Mt. Wolverine (Wasatch Mountains, Utah) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1890px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-10-wm/" title="October 3 & 7, 2019: Mt. Raymond & Mt. Wolverine (Wasatch Mountains, Utah) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-10</span><span style="display:block">Wasatch Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Utah</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-09-sm/" title="September 12, 2019: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1890px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-09-sm/" title="September 12, 2019: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-09</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-08-ncr/" title="August 31, 2019: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1935px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-08-ncr/" title="August 31, 2019: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-08</span><span style="display:block">Newton Clark Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-08-gr/" title="August 19-20, 2019: Walupt Creek Falls & Cispus Pass (Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1935px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-08-gr/" title="August 19-20, 2019: Walupt Creek Falls & Cispus Pass (Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-08</span><span style="display:block">Goat Rocks</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-08-jp/" title="August 13, 2019: Jefferson Park (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1935px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-08-jp/" title="August 13, 2019: Jefferson Park (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-08</span><span style="display:block">Jefferson Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-08-sp/" title="August 6, 2019: Mowich Lake to Spray Park (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -1980px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-08-sp/" title="August 6, 2019: Mowich Lake to Spray Park (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-08</span><span style="display:block">Spray Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-swco/" title="July 24-31, 2019: Southwest Colorado [8 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -1980px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-swco/" title="July 24-31, 2019: Southwest Colorado [8 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Southwest Colorado</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Colorado (8 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-rm/" title="July 22, 2019: Lamoille Canyon (Ruby Mountains, Nevada) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -1980px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-rm/" title="July 22, 2019: Lamoille Canyon (Ruby Mountains, Nevada) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Ruby Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Nevada</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-sm/" title="July 21, 2019: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon) [155 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2025px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-sm/" title="July 21, 2019: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon) [155 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Steens Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-co/" title="July 20, 2019: Central Oregon: Gray Butte & Crooked River Highway [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2025px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-co/" title="July 20, 2019: Central Oregon: Gray Butte & Crooked River Highway [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Central Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-mm/" title="July 13, 2019: Mt. McLoughlin (Sky Lakes Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2025px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-mm/" title="July 13, 2019: Mt. McLoughlin (Sky Lakes Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Mt. McLoughlin</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-07-cm/" title="July 3, 2019: Coffin Mountain & Bachelor Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [120 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2070px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-07-cm/" title="July 3, 2019: Coffin Mountain & Bachelor Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [120 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-07</span><span style="display:block">Coffin Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-06-ssm/" title="June 24, 2019: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2070px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-06-ssm/" title="June 24, 2019: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-06-ch/" title="June 17, 2019: Cascade Head & God's Thumb (Oregon Coast) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2070px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-06-ch/" title="June 17, 2019: Cascade Head & God's Thumb (Oregon Coast) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-06</span><span style="display:block">Cascade Head</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-06-wm/" title="June 10-12, 2019: Wenatchee Mountains (Washington) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2115px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-06-wm/" title="June 10-12, 2019: Wenatchee Mountains (Washington) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-06</span><span style="display:block">Wenatchee Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-06-wf/" title="June 3, 2019: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2115px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-06-wf/" title="June 3, 2019: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-06</span><span style="display:block">Wahkeena Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-05-co/" title="May 27-30, 2019: Central Oregon [175 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2115px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-05-co/" title="May 27-30, 2019: Central Oregon [175 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-05</span><span style="display:block">Central Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-05-lr/" title="May 11, 2019: Leidl Ridge (Klickitat Wildlife Area, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2160px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-05-lr/" title="May 11, 2019: Leidl Ridge (Klickitat Wildlife Area, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-05</span><span style="display:block">Leidl Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-05-cw/" title="May 8-10, 2019: Central Washington [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2160px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-05-cw/" title="May 8-10, 2019: Central Washington [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-05</span><span style="display:block">Central Washington</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2019: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2160px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2019: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-05</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-05-bs/" title="May 2-3, 2019: Baskett Slough, Drift Creek Falls, & Newport (Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2205px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-05-bs/" title="May 2-3, 2019: Baskett Slough, Drift Creek Falls, & Newport (Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-05</span><span style="display:block">Baskett Slough etc.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-04-ct/" title="April 25, 2019: Chenoweth Tableland (The Dalles, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2205px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-04-ct/" title="April 25, 2019: Chenoweth Tableland (The Dalles, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-04</span><span style="display:block">Chenoweth Tableland</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-04-dm/" title="April 25, 2019: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2205px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-04-dm/" title="April 25, 2019: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-04</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-04-ar/" title="April 23, 2019: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2250px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-04-ar/" title="April 23, 2019: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-04</span><span style="display:block">Angel's Rest</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-04-nc/" title="April 10-14, 2019: Northern California: Santa Cruz, Pinnacles & Henry Coe [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2250px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-04-nc/" title="April 10-14, 2019: Northern California: Santa Cruz, Pinnacles & Henry Coe [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-04</span><span style="display:block">Northern California</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-04-cna/" title="April 6, 22, & 30, 2019: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2250px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-04-cna/" title="April 6, 22, & 30, 2019: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-04</span><span style="display:block">Camassia Natural Area</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-03-db/" title="March 24, 2019: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2295px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-03-db/" title="March 24, 2019: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-03</span><span style="display:block">Doug's Beach S.P.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-03-tp/" title="March 2019: Tidepools on the Central Oregon Coast [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2295px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-03-tp/" title="March 2019: Tidepools on the Central Oregon Coast [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-03</span><span style="display:block">Oregon tidepools</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-02-sd/" title="February 21-22, 2019: San Diego, California [105 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2295px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-02-sd/" title="February 21-22, 2019: San Diego, California [105 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-02</span><span style="display:block">San Diego</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2019-02-ab/" title="February 19-20, 2019: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (California) [185 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2340px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2019-02-ab/" title="February 19-20, 2019: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (California) [185 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2019-02</span><span style="display:block">Anza-Borrego Desert</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-11-utah/" title="November 22-25, 2018: Southern Utah [155 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2340px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-11-utah/" title="November 22-25, 2018: Southern Utah [155 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-11</span><span style="display:block">Zion/Bryce/Escalante</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Utah</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-10-sr/" title="October 19, 2018: Sandy River to Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2340px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-10-sr/" title="October 19, 2018: Sandy River to Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-10</span><span style="display:block">Sandy River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-08-bc/" title="August 7-9, 2018: Squamish (British Columbia, Canada) [125 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2385px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-08-bc/" title="August 7-9, 2018: Squamish (British Columbia, Canada) [125 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-08</span><span style="display:block">Squamish</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">British Columbia</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-08-mb/" title="August 6, 2018: Chain Lakes Trail & Artist Point (Mt. Baker, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2385px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-08-mb/" title="August 6, 2018: Chain Lakes Trail & Artist Point (Mt. Baker, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Baker</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-07-ap/" title="July 24, 2018: Sawtooth Lake & Alpine Peak (Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho) [135 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2385px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-07-ap/" title="July 24, 2018: Sawtooth Lake & Alpine Peak (Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho) [135 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-07</span><span style="display:block">Sawtooth Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Idaho</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-07-utah/" title="July 13-22, 2018: Northern Utah: Wasatch & Uinta Mountains [10 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2430px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-07-utah/" title="July 13-22, 2018: Northern Utah: Wasatch & Uinta Mountains [10 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-07</span><span style="display:block">Northern Utah</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Utah (10 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-07-sm/" title="July 11, 2018: Strawberry Mountain (Malheur National Forest, Oregon) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2430px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-07-sm/" title="July 11, 2018: Strawberry Mountain (Malheur National Forest, Oregon) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-07</span><span style="display:block">Strawberry Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-07-om/" title="July 10, 2018: Ochoco Mountains (Central Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2430px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-07-om/" title="July 10, 2018: Ochoco Mountains (Central Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-07</span><span style="display:block">Ochoco Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-07-ma/" title="July 7, 2018: Mount Aix (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2475px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-07-ma/" title="July 7, 2018: Mount Aix (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-07</span><span style="display:block">Mount Aix</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-06-wc/" title="June 27-28, 2018: Western Cascades (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [115 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2475px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-06-wc/" title="June 27-28, 2018: Western Cascades (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [115 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-06</span><span style="display:block">Western Cascades</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-06-msh/" title="June 19, 2018: Truman Trail to Loowit Falls (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2475px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-06-msh/" title="June 19, 2018: Truman Trail to Loowit Falls (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-06</span><span style="display:block">Mt. St. Helens</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-06-dr/" title="June 12, 2018: Dome Rock & Sardine Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2520px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-06-dr/" title="June 12, 2018: Dome Rock & Sardine Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-06</span><span style="display:block">Dome Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-sr/" title="May 30, 2018: Surveyor's Ridge & Lookout Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2520px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-sr/" title="May 30, 2018: Surveyor's Ridge & Lookout Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">Surveyor's Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-am/" title="May 23, 2018: Archer Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2520px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-am/" title="May 23, 2018: Archer Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">Archer Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-ap/" title="May 17, 2018: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2565px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-ap/" title="May 17, 2018: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">Angora Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-edc/" title="May 11-12, 2018: El Dorado County, California [130 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2565px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-edc/" title="May 11-12, 2018: El Dorado County, California [130 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">El Dorado County</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-lp/" title="May 8, 2018: Lacamas Creek Park (Camas, Washington) [48 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2565px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-lp/" title="May 8, 2018: Lacamas Creek Park (Camas, Washington) [48 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">Lacamas Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-05-eb/" title="May 7, 2018: Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden (Minneapolis, Minnesota) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2610px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-05-eb/" title="May 7, 2018: Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden (Minneapolis, Minnesota) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-05</span><span style="display:block">Eloise Butler</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Minnesota</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-04-rv/" title="April 18-21, 2018: Rogue Valley & Illinois River (Oregon) [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2610px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-04-rv/" title="April 18-21, 2018: Rogue Valley & Illinois River (Oregon) [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-04</span><span style="display:block">Rogue Valley</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-04-rp/" title="April 9, 2018: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2610px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-04-rp/" title="April 9, 2018: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-04</span><span style="display:block">Rowena Plateau</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-03-mrnp/" title="March 20, 2018: Snowshoeing at Paradise (Mount Rainier National Park, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2655px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-03-mrnp/" title="March 20, 2018: Snowshoeing at Paradise (Mount Rainier National Park, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-03</span><span style="display:block">Mount Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-03-dr/" title="March 11, 2018: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2655px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-03-dr/" title="March 11, 2018: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-03</span><span style="display:block">Deschutes River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2018-02-mp/" title="February 7, 2018: Mosier Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2655px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2018-02-mp/" title="February 7, 2018: Mosier Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2018-02</span><span style="display:block">Mosier Plateau</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-12-sm/" title="December 10, 2017: Saddle Mountain & Cannon Beach (Oregon Coast) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2700px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-12-sm/" title="December 10, 2017: Saddle Mountain & Cannon Beach (Oregon Coast) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-12</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-11-ch/" title="November 24, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2700px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-11-ch/" title="November 24, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-11</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-10-cp/" title="October 24, 2017: Cape Perpetua & Newport (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2700px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-10-cp/" title="October 24, 2017: Cape Perpetua & Newport (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-10</span><span style="display:block">Cape Perpetua</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-09-wr/" title="September 27, 2017: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2745px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-09-wr/" title="September 27, 2017: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-09</span><span style="display:block">Whittier Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-08-sn/" title="August 27-31, 2017: Sierra Nevada, California [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2745px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-08-sn/" title="August 27-31, 2017: Sierra Nevada, California [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-08</span><span style="display:block">Sierra Nevada</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-08-te/" title="August 19-21, 2017: Total Eclipse of the Sun, Eastern Oregon [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2745px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-08-te/" title="August 19-21, 2017: Total Eclipse of the Sun, Eastern Oregon [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-08</span><span style="display:block">Total Eclipse</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-08-mrnp/" title="August 9-10, 2017: Chinook Pass & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [115 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2790px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-08-mrnp/" title="August 9-10, 2017: Chinook Pass & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [115 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-08</span><span style="display:block">Mount Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-08-gr/" title="August 4, 2017: Cloud Cap to Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2790px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-08-gr/" title="August 4, 2017: Cloud Cap to Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-08</span><span style="display:block">Gnarl Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-07-nc/" title="July 29-30, 2017: Vesper Peak & Mt. Pilchuck (North Cascades, Washington) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2790px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-07-nc/" title="July 29-30, 2017: Vesper Peak & Mt. Pilchuck (North Cascades, Washington) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-07</span><span style="display:block">Vesper Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-07-onp/" title="July 17-19, 2017: Olympic National Park, Washington [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2835px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-07-onp/" title="July 17-19, 2017: Olympic National Park, Washington [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-07</span><span style="display:block">Olympic National Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-07-vr/" title="July 8, 2017: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2835px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-07-vr/" title="July 8, 2017: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-07</span><span style="display:block">Vista Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-07-hm/" title="July 3, 2017: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2835px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-07-hm/" title="July 3, 2017: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-07</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-06-ssm/" title="June 29, 2017: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2880px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-06-ssm/" title="June 29, 2017: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-06-rv/" title="June 21-23, 2017: Rogue River Valley (Oregon) [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2880px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-06-rv/" title="June 21-23, 2017: Rogue River Valley (Oregon) [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-06</span><span style="display:block">Rogue Valley</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-06-co/" title="June 6-8, 2017: Central Oregon [165 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2880px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-06-co/" title="June 6-8, 2017: Central Oregon [165 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-06</span><span style="display:block">Central Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-06-dm/" title="June 5, 2017: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2925px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-06-dm/" title="June 5, 2017: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-06</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-05-fnwr/" title="May 22, 2017: Finley National Wildlife Refuge & Mary's Peak (Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2925px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-05-fnwr/" title="May 22, 2017: Finley National Wildlife Refuge & Mary's Peak (Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-05</span><span style="display:block">Finley N.W.R.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-05-cc/" title="May 19, 2017: Cottonwood Canyon State Park & Seven-Mile Hill (Oregon) [68 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2925px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-05-cc/" title="May 19, 2017: Cottonwood Canyon State Park & Seven-Mile Hill (Oregon) [68 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-05</span><span style="display:block">Cottonwood Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-05-jd/" title="May 6-7, 2017: John Day Fossil Beds & Kingston Prairie (Oregon) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -2970px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-05-jd/" title="May 6-7, 2017: John Day Fossil Beds & Kingston Prairie (Oregon) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-05</span><span style="display:block">John Day Fossil Beds</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-05-utah/" title="April 29 - May 7, 2017: Eastern Utah [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -2970px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-05-utah/" title="April 29 - May 7, 2017: Eastern Utah [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-05</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Utah</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Utah (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-04-ch/" title="April 16 & 29, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -2970px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-04-ch/" title="April 16 & 29, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-04</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-03-db/" title="March 31, 2017: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3015px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-03-db/" title="March 31, 2017: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-03</span><span style="display:block">Doug's Beach S.P.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-03-cw/" title="March 23, 2017: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3015px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-03-cw/" title="March 23, 2017: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-03</span><span style="display:block">Coyote Wall</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-02-hh/" title="February 12-13, 2017: High Hut (Tahoma State Forest, Washington) [15 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3015px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-02-hh/" title="February 12-13, 2017: High Hut (Tahoma State Forest, Washington) [15 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-02</span><span style="display:block">High Hut</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2017-01-kauai/" title="January 8-19, 2017: Kaua'i, Hawaii [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3060px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2017-01-kauai/" title="January 8-19, 2017: Kaua'i, Hawaii [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2017-01</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-10-oc/" title="October 12, 2016: Opal Creek (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3060px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-10-oc/" title="October 12, 2016: Opal Creek (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-10</span><span style="display:block">Opal Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-09-bt/" title="September 17, 2016: Broken Top (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3060px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-09-bt/" title="September 17, 2016: Broken Top (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-09</span><span style="display:block">Broken Top</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-08-nc/" title="August 28-29, 2016: North Cascades (Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3105px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-08-nc/" title="August 28-29, 2016: North Cascades (Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-08</span><span style="display:block">North Cascades</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-08-ench/" title="August 27, 2016: Enchantments One-Day Traverse (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3105px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-08-ench/" title="August 27, 2016: Enchantments One-Day Traverse (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-08</span><span style="display:block">The Enchantments</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-08-ec/" title="August 17, 2016: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3105px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-08-ec/" title="August 17, 2016: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-08</span><span style="display:block">Elk Cove</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-08-ac/" title="August 6, 2016: Ape Canyon & Lava Canyon (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3150px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-08-ac/" title="August 6, 2016: Ape Canyon & Lava Canyon (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-08</span><span style="display:block">Ape Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-cm/" title="July 31, 2016: Leigh Lake (Cabinet Mountains, Montana) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3150px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-cm/" title="July 31, 2016: Leigh Lake (Cabinet Mountains, Montana) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">Cabinet Mountains</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Montana</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-gnp/" title="July 25-30, 2016: Glacier National Park (Montana) [235 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3150px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-gnp/" title="July 25-30, 2016: Glacier National Park (Montana) [235 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">Glacier National Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Montana</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2016: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3195px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-lm/" title="July 16, 2016: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">Lookout Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-st/" title="July 6-8, 2016: Shasta-Trinity National Forest (California) [3 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3195px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-st/" title="July 6-8, 2016: Shasta-Trinity National Forest (California) [3 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">Shasta-Trinity N.F.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (3 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-pr/" title="July 5, 2016: Pilot Rock, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3195px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-pr/" title="July 5, 2016: Pilot Rock, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">Pilot Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-07-mp/" title="July 2, 2016: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3240px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-07-mp/" title="July 2, 2016: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-06-im/" title="June 22, 2016: Cone Peak & Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3240px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-06-im/" title="June 22, 2016: Cone Peak & Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-06</span><span style="display:block">Iron Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-06-ssm/" title="June 21, 2016: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3240px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-06-ssm/" title="June 21, 2016: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-06-bs/" title="June 18, 2016: Baskett Slough N.W.R. (Polk County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3285px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-06-bs/" title="June 18, 2016: Baskett Slough N.W.R. (Polk County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-06</span><span style="display:block">Baskett Slough</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-06-sm/" title="June 12, 2016: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3285px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-06-sm/" title="June 12, 2016: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-06</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-06-gk/" title="June 7, 2016: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3285px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-06-gk/" title="June 7, 2016: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-06</span><span style="display:block">Grassy Knoll</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-05-nur/" title="May 28-30, 2016: North Umpqua River (Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3330px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-05-nur/" title="May 28-30, 2016: North Umpqua River (Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-05</span><span style="display:block">North Umpqua River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-05-so/" title="May 16-19, 2016: Central & Southern Oregon [160 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3330px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-05-so/" title="May 16-19, 2016: Central & Southern Oregon [160 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-05</span><span style="display:block">Southern Oregon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-05-ch/" title="May 12, 2016: Cook Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3330px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-05-ch/" title="May 12, 2016: Cook Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-05</span><span style="display:block">Cook Hill</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-05-dm/" title="May 5, 2016: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3375px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-05-dm/" title="May 5, 2016: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-05-tmp/" title="May 1, 2016: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3375px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-05-tmp/" title="May 1, 2016: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-05</span><span style="display:block">Tom McCall Preserve</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-04-cw/" title="April 18-20, 2016: Central Washington [200 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3375px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-04-cw/" title="April 18-20, 2016: Central Washington [200 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-04</span><span style="display:block">Central Washington</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-04-eg/" title="April 9, 2016: Catherine Creek & Dalles Mountain Road (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3420px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-04-eg/" title="April 9, 2016: Catherine Creek & Dalles Mountain Road (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-04</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-04-cna/" title="April 7 & 15, 2016: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3420px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-04-cna/" title="April 7 & 15, 2016: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-04</span><span style="display:block">Camassia Natural Area</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-04-mp/" title="April 1, 2016: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3420px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-04-mp/" title="April 1, 2016: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-04</span><span style="display:block">Munra Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-03-mh/" title="March 30, 2016: Memaloose Hills & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3465px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-03-mh/" title="March 30, 2016: Memaloose Hills & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-03</span><span style="display:block">Memaloose Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-03-cc/" title="March 2, 2016: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3465px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-03-cc/" title="March 2, 2016: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-03</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-02-az/" title="February 17-23, 2016: Arizona [4 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3465px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-02-az/" title="February 17-23, 2016: Arizona [4 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-02</span><span style="display:block">Arizona</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Arizona (4 albums)</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2016-01-hm/" title="January 18, 2016: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3510px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2016-01-hm/" title="January 18, 2016: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2016-01</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-11-lbc/" title="November 9, 2015: La Barge Canyon (Superstition Mountains, Arizona) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3510px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-11-lbc/" title="November 9, 2015: La Barge Canyon (Superstition Mountains, Arizona) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-11</span><span style="display:block">La Barge Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Arizona</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-11-sedona/" title="November 8, 2015: Sedona, Arizona [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3510px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-11-sedona/" title="November 8, 2015: Sedona, Arizona [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-11</span><span style="display:block">Sedona</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Arizona</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-10-mf/" title="October 15, 2015: Ramona Falls & Muddy Fork (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3555px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-10-mf/" title="October 15, 2015: Ramona Falls & Muddy Fork (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-10</span><span style="display:block">Muddy Fork</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-10-fcc/" title="October 11, 2015: Falls Creek Cave, Gifford Pinchot N.F., Washington [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3555px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-10-fcc/" title="October 11, 2015: Falls Creek Cave, Gifford Pinchot N.F., Washington [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-10</span><span style="display:block">Falls Creek Cave</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-09-lc/" title="September 19, 2015: Cloud Cap to Langille Crags & Coe Creek (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3555px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-09-lc/" title="September 19, 2015: Cloud Cap to Langille Crags & Coe Creek (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-09</span><span style="display:block">Langille Crags</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-09-sp/" title="September 11-12, 2015: Stevens Pass & vicinity (Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3600px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-09-sp/" title="September 11-12, 2015: Stevens Pass & vicinity (Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-09</span><span style="display:block">Stevens Pass</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-08-ms/" title="August 15, 2015: Middle Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3600px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-08-ms/" title="August 15, 2015: Middle Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-08</span><span style="display:block">Middle Sister</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-07-am/" title="July 30, 2015: Rachel Lake & Alta Mountain (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3600px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-07-am/" title="July 30, 2015: Rachel Lake & Alta Mountain (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-07</span><span style="display:block">Alta Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
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<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-07-gr/" title="July 15, 2015: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3645px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-07-gr/" title="July 15, 2015: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-07</span><span style="display:block">Goat Rocks</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-07-mrnp/" title="July 7-8, 2015: Paradise & Summerland (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3645px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-07-mrnp/" title="July 7-8, 2015: Paradise & Summerland (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-07</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-06-tfj/" title="June 30, 2015: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3645px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-06-tfj/" title="June 30, 2015: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-06</span><span style="display:block">Three-Fingered Jack</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-06-onp/" title="June 24-25, 2015: Olympic National Park (Washington) [130 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3690px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-06-onp/" title="June 24-25, 2015: Olympic National Park (Washington) [130 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-06</span><span style="display:block">Olympic National Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-06-vr/" title="June 18, 2015: Vista Ridge to Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3690px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-06-vr/" title="June 18, 2015: Vista Ridge to Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-06</span><span style="display:block">Vista Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2015: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3690px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2015: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-06</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-06-tdh/" title="June 7, 2015: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3735px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-06-tdh/" title="June 7, 2015: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-06</span><span style="display:block">Tom Dick & Harry</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-05-sn/" title="May 24-30, 2015: Sierra Nevada Road Trip [5 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3735px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-05-sn/" title="May 24-30, 2015: Sierra Nevada Road Trip [5 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-05</span><span style="display:block">Sierra Nevada</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (5 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-05-dm/" title="May 7, 2015: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3735px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-05-dm/" title="May 7, 2015: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-04-ch/" title="April 16, 2015: Columbia Hills, Klickitat County, Washington [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3780px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-04-ch/" title="April 16, 2015: Columbia Hills, Klickitat County, Washington [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-04</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-04-sd/" title="April 8, 2015: Siphon Draw, Superstition Mountains, Arizona [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3780px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-04-sd/" title="April 8, 2015: Siphon Draw, Superstition Mountains, Arizona [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-04</span><span style="display:block">Siphon Draw</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Arizona</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-04-pp/" title="April 8, 2015: Pinnacle Peak Park (Scottsdale, Arizona) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3780px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-04-pp/" title="April 8, 2015: Pinnacle Peak Park (Scottsdale, Arizona) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-04</span><span style="display:block">Pinnacle Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Arizona</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-03-ip/" title="March 28, 2015: Indian Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3825px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-03-ip/" title="March 28, 2015: Indian Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-03</span><span style="display:block">Indian Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-03-mp/" title="March 27, 2015: Mosier Plateau & Memaloose Pinnacles (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3825px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-03-mp/" title="March 27, 2015: Mosier Plateau & Memaloose Pinnacles (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-03</span><span style="display:block">Mosier Plateau</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-03-ec/" title="March 18, 2015: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [28 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3825px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-03-ec/" title="March 18, 2015: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [28 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-03</span><span style="display:block">Eagle Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-02-hawaii/" title="February 24 - March 4, 2015: The Big Island of Hawaii [135 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3870px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-02-hawaii/" title="February 24 - March 4, 2015: The Big Island of Hawaii [135 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-02</span><span style="display:block">Big Island</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-02-cw/" title="February 11, 2015: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3870px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-02-cw/" title="February 11, 2015: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-02</span><span style="display:block">Coyote Wall</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2015-01-sf/" title="January 11, 2015: Silver Falls State Park (Marion County, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3870px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2015-01-sf/" title="January 11, 2015: Silver Falls State Park (Marion County, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2015-01</span><span style="display:block">Silver Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-11-wr/" title="November 8, 2014: Mt. Hood Meadows to White River Canyon & Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3915px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-11-wr/" title="November 8, 2014: Mt. Hood Meadows to White River Canyon & Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-11</span><span style="display:block">White River Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2014: Thomas Lake & East Crater (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3915px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-10-ih/" title="October 19, 2014: Thomas Lake & East Crater (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-10</span><span style="display:block">Indian Heaven</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-10-tf/" title="October 4-5, 2014: Tamanawas Falls & Timothy Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3915px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-10-tf/" title="October 4-5, 2014: Tamanawas Falls & Timothy Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-10</span><span style="display:block">Tamanawas Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-09-cp/" title="September 27, 2014: Coldwater Peak (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -3960px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-09-cp/" title="September 27, 2014: Coldwater Peak (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-09</span><span style="display:block">Coldwater Peak</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-09-eg/" title="September 5, 2014: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -3960px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-09-eg/" title="September 5, 2014: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-09</span><span style="display:block">Eliot Glacier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-08-mrnp/" title="August 27, 2014: Sunrise & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -3960px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-08-mrnp/" title="August 27, 2014: Sunrise & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-08-mp/" title="August 19, 2014: Maple Pass (North Cascades National Park, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4005px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-08-mp/" title="August 19, 2014: Maple Pass (North Cascades National Park, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-08</span><span style="display:block">North Cascades</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-08-pb/" title="August 18, 2014: Scott Paul Trail & Park Butte (Mt. Baker, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4005px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-08-pb/" title="August 18, 2014: Scott Paul Trail & Park Butte (Mt. Baker, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Baker</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-08-mr/" title="August 9-10, 2014: McKenzie River (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4005px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-08-mr/" title="August 9-10, 2014: McKenzie River (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-08</span><span style="display:block">McKenzie River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-08-cr/" title="August 2, 2014: Cady Ridge (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4050px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-08-cr/" title="August 2, 2014: Cady Ridge (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-08</span><span style="display:block">Cady Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-07-kk/" title="July 25, 2014: Snoqualmie Pass to Kendall Katwalk (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4050px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-07-kk/" title="July 25, 2014: Snoqualmie Pass to Kendall Katwalk (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-07</span><span style="display:block">Kendall Katwalk</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-07-mp/" title="July 17, 2014: McNeil Point & Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4050px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-07-mp/" title="July 17, 2014: McNeil Point & Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-07-dd/" title="July 8, 2014: Sunrise Peak & Jumbo Peak (Dark Divide, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4095px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-07-dd/" title="July 8, 2014: Sunrise Peak & Jumbo Peak (Dark Divide, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-07</span><span style="display:block">Dark Divide</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-06-lt/" title="June 21-28, 2014: Lake Tahoe Road Trip [7 albums]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4095px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-06-lt/" title="June 21-28, 2014: Lake Tahoe Road Trip [7 albums]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-06</span><span style="display:block">Lake Tahoe</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California (7 albums)</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-06-oc/" title="June 6-7, 2014: Opal Creek & Opal Lake (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4095px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-06-oc/" title="June 6-7, 2014: Opal Creek & Opal Lake (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-06</span><span style="display:block">Opal Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-05-ekm/" title="May 31, 2014: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4140px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-05-ekm/" title="May 31, 2014: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-05</span><span style="display:block">Elk+Kings Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-05-ec/" title="May 22, 2014: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4140px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-05-ec/" title="May 22, 2014: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-05</span><span style="display:block">Eagle Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-05-cc/" title="May 16, 2014: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4140px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-05-cc/" title="May 16, 2014: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-05</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-05-mp/" title="May 14, 2014: Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4185px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-05-mp/" title="May 14, 2014: Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-05</span><span style="display:block">Mount Pisgah</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-05-hrr/" title="May 13, 2014: Horse Rock Ridge (Linn County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4185px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-05-hrr/" title="May 13, 2014: Horse Rock Ridge (Linn County, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-05</span><span style="display:block">Horse Rock Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-04-sc/" title="April 30, 2014: Swale Canyon (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4185px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-04-sc/" title="April 30, 2014: Swale Canyon (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-04</span><span style="display:block">Swale Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-04-eg/" title="April 18, 2014: Catherine Creek, Dalles Mountain Road, & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Washington & Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4230px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-04-eg/" title="April 18, 2014: Catherine Creek, Dalles Mountain Road, & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Washington & Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-04</span><span style="display:block">Eastern Gorge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington+Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-04-bs/" title="April 8, 2014: Garrapata State Park (Big Sur, California) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4230px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-04-bs/" title="April 8, 2014: Garrapata State Park (Big Sur, California) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-04</span><span style="display:block">Big Sur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-03-dr/" title="March 23, 2014: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4230px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-03-dr/" title="March 23, 2014: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-03</span><span style="display:block">Deschutes River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-03-lco/" title="March 12, 2014: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4275px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-03-lco/" title="March 12, 2014: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-03</span><span style="display:block">Lyle Cherry Orchard</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-02-wr/" title="February 22, 2014: White River snowshoeing (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4275px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-02-wr/" title="February 22, 2014: White River snowshoeing (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-02</span><span style="display:block">White River</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2014-01-sr/" title="January 18, 2014: Misery Ridge Loop (Smith Rock State Park, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4275px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2014-01-sr/" title="January 18, 2014: Misery Ridge Loop (Smith Rock State Park, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2014-01</span><span style="display:block">Smith Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-12-rf/" title="December 29, 2013: Ramona Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [37 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4320px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-12-rf/" title="December 29, 2013: Ramona Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [37 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-12</span><span style="display:block">Ramona Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-11-dcf/" title="November 30, 2013: Dry Creek Falls & Wahclella Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [15 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4320px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-11-dcf/" title="November 30, 2013: Dry Creek Falls & Wahclella Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [15 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-11</span><span style="display:block">Wahclella Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-11-cf/" title="November 28, 2013: Cape Falcon (Oswald West State Park, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4320px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-11-cf/" title="November 28, 2013: Cape Falcon (Oswald West State Park, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-11</span><span style="display:block">Cape Falcon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-10-is/" title="October 25, 2013: Illumination Saddle (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4365px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-10-is/" title="October 25, 2013: Illumination Saddle (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-10</span><span style="display:block">Illumination Saddle</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-10-bm/" title="October 19, 2013: Bird Mountain (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4365px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-10-bm/" title="October 19, 2013: Bird Mountain (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-10</span><span style="display:block">Indian Heaven</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-10-wr/" title="October 6, 2013: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4365px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-10-wr/" title="October 6, 2013: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-10</span><span style="display:block">Whittier Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-09-gb/" title="September 11, 2013: Gothic Basin (North Cascades, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4410px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-09-gb/" title="September 11, 2013: Gothic Basin (North Cascades, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-09</span><span style="display:block">Gothic Basin</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-08-bt/" title="August 31, 2013: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4410px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-08-bt/" title="August 31, 2013: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-08</span><span style="display:block">Broken Top</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-08-ec/" title="August 20, 2013: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4410px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-08-ec/" title="August 20, 2013: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-08</span><span style="display:block">Elk Cove</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-08-li/" title="August 14, 2013: Lake Ingalls (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4455px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-08-li/" title="August 14, 2013: Lake Ingalls (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-08</span><span style="display:block">Lake Ingalls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-08-mrnp/" title="August 6, 2013: Paradise & Pinnacle Peak (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [125 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4455px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-08-mrnp/" title="August 6, 2013: Paradise & Pinnacle Peak (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [125 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-08</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Rainier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-08-jr/" title="August 3, 2013: Johnston Ridge (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4455px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-08-jr/" title="August 3, 2013: Johnston Ridge (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-08</span><span style="display:block">Johnston Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-07-mt/" title="July 27-28, 2013: Mt. Thielsen & Diamond Lake, Oregon [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4500px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-07-mt/" title="July 27-28, 2013: Mt. Thielsen & Diamond Lake, Oregon [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-07</span><span style="display:block">Mount Thielsen</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-07-sl/" title="July 22, 2013: Snow Lake & Gem Lake (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4500px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-07-sl/" title="July 22, 2013: Snow Lake & Gem Lake (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-07</span><span style="display:block">Snow & Gem Lakes</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-07-tfj/" title="July 11, 2013: Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [73 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4500px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-07-tfj/" title="July 11, 2013: Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [73 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-07</span><span style="display:block">Three-Fingered Jack</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-07-mhm/" title="July 6, 2013: Mt. Hood Meadows & Newton Creek (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [47 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4545px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-07-mhm/" title="July 6, 2013: Mt. Hood Meadows & Newton Creek (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [47 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-07</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Hood Meadows</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-06-sm/" title="June 28, 2013: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4545px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-06-sm/" title="June 28, 2013: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-06</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-06-ssm/" title="June 22, 2013: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4545px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-06-ssm/" title="June 22, 2013: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-06-mp/" title="June 14, 2013: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4590px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-06-mp/" title="June 14, 2013: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-06</span><span style="display:block">Munra Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-06-tdh/" title="June 6, 2013: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4590px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-06-tdh/" title="June 6, 2013: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-06</span><span style="display:block">Tom Dick & Harry</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-05-dm/" title="May 20, 2013: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4590px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-05-dm/" title="May 20, 2013: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-05-hm/" title="May 10, 2013: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4635px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-05-hm/" title="May 10, 2013: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-05</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-04-pnp/" title="April 24, 2013: Pinnacles National Park (California) [90 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4635px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-04-pnp/" title="April 24, 2013: Pinnacles National Park (California) [90 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-04</span><span style="display:block">Pinnacles N.P.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-04-ch/" title="April 21, 2013: Columbia Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [48 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4635px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-04-ch/" title="April 21, 2013: Columbia Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [48 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-04</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-03-kauai/" title="March 4-11, 2013: Kaua'i, Hawaii [170 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4680px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-03-kauai/" title="March 4-11, 2013: Kaua'i, Hawaii [170 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-03</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2013-03-lab/" title="March 2, 2013: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4680px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2013-03-lab/" title="March 2, 2013: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2013-03</span><span style="display:block">The Labyrinth</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-11-sf/" title="November 5, 2012: Silver Falls State Park (Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4680px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-11-sf/" title="November 5, 2012: Silver Falls State Park (Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-11</span><span style="display:block">Silver Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-09-lc/" title="September 16, 2012: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4725px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-09-lc/" title="September 16, 2012: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-09</span><span style="display:block">Lava Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-09-ml/" title="September 9, 2012: Memaloose Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4725px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-09-ml/" title="September 9, 2012: Memaloose Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-09</span><span style="display:block">Memaloose Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-09-jp/" title="September 3, 2012: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jeffersion Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4725px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-09-jp/" title="September 3, 2012: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jeffersion Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-09</span><span style="display:block">Jefferson Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-08-gr/" title="August 25, 2012: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4770px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-08-gr/" title="August 25, 2012: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-08</span><span style="display:block">Goat Rocks</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-08-eg/" title="August 19, 2012: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4770px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-08-eg/" title="August 19, 2012: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-08</span><span style="display:block">Eliot Glacier</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-08-zc/" title="August 9, 2012: Sunset at Zigzag Canyon (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4770px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-08-zc/" title="August 9, 2012: Sunset at Zigzag Canyon (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-08</span><span style="display:block">Zigzag Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-07-bs/" title="July 28, 2012: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4815px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-07-bs/" title="July 28, 2012: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-07</span><span style="display:block">Barrett Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-07-mp/" title="July 21, 2012: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4815px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-07-mp/" title="July 21, 2012: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2012: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4815px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2012: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-07</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-07-ml/" title="June 29 - July 2, 2012: Mt. Lassen & vicinity, California [125 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4860px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-07-ml/" title="June 29 - July 2, 2012: Mt. Lassen & vicinity, California [125 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-07</span><span style="display:block">Mount Lassen</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-06-cc/" title="June 28, 2012: Castle Crags (Shasta County, California) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4860px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-06-cc/" title="June 28, 2012: Castle Crags (Shasta County, California) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-06</span><span style="display:block">Castle Crags</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-06-hr/" title="June 21, 2012: Hardy Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4860px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-06-hr/" title="June 21, 2012: Hardy Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-06</span><span style="display:block">Hardy Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-05-tm/" title="May 29, 2012: Table Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4905px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-05-tm/" title="May 29, 2012: Table Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-05</span><span style="display:block">Table Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-05-ra/" title="May 27, 2012: Rock of Ages Arch & Oneonta Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4905px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-05-ra/" title="May 27, 2012: Rock of Ages Arch & Oneonta Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-05</span><span style="display:block">Rock of Ages Arch</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-05-dm/" title="May 18, 2012: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4905px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-05-dm/" title="May 18, 2012: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-05-mp/" title="May 13, 2012: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4950px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-05-mp/" title="May 13, 2012: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-05</span><span style="display:block">Munra Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-05-mh/" title="May 6, 2012: Memaloose Hills & Seven-Mile Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4950px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-05-mh/" title="May 6, 2012: Memaloose Hills & Seven-Mile Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-05</span><span style="display:block">Memaloose Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-04-tmp/" title="April 23, 2012: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4950px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-04-tmp/" title="April 23, 2012: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-04</span><span style="display:block">Tom McCall Preserve</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-04-oc/" title="April 2012: Oregon Coast (Newport, Boiler Bay, & Cannon Beach) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -4995px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-04-oc/" title="April 2012: Oregon Coast (Newport, Boiler Bay, & Cannon Beach) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-04</span><span style="display:block">Oregon Coast</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-04-cc/" title="April 2, 2012: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -4995px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-04-cc/" title="April 2, 2012: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-04</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-03-sjdc/" title="March 4-10, 2012: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -4995px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-03-sjdc/" title="March 4-10, 2012: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-03</span><span style="display:block">San Jose del Cabo</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Mexico</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2012-02-cl/" title="February 5, 2012: Cape Lookout State Park (Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5040px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2012-02-cl/" title="February 5, 2012: Cape Lookout State Park (Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2012-02</span><span style="display:block">Cape Lookout</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-10-sc/" title="October 18, 2011: Sheep Canyon (Mount St. Helens, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5040px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-10-sc/" title="October 18, 2011: Sheep Canyon (Mount St. Helens, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-10</span><span style="display:block">Sheep Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-10-md/" title="October 8, 2011: Mount Defiance, Oregon [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5040px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-10-md/" title="October 8, 2011: Mount Defiance, Oregon [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-10</span><span style="display:block">Mount Defiance</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-09-lf/" title="September 30, 2011: Latourell Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5085px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-09-lf/" title="September 30, 2011: Latourell Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-09</span><span style="display:block">Latourell Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-09-fcf/" title="September 11, 2011: Falls Creek Falls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5085px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-09-fcf/" title="September 11, 2011: Falls Creek Falls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-09</span><span style="display:block">Falls Creek Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-08-pp/" title="August 27-28, 2011: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5085px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-08-pp/" title="August 27-28, 2011: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-08</span><span style="display:block">Paradise Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-08-wf/" title="August 17, 2011: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5130px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-08-wf/" title="August 17, 2011: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-08</span><span style="display:block">Wahkeena Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-08-ssm/" title="August 3, 2011: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5130px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-08-ssm/" title="August 3, 2011: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-08</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-07-mp/" title="July 30-31, 2011: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5130px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-07-mp/" title="July 30-31, 2011: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-07-cl/" title="July 14-20, 2011: Crater Lake & Northern California [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5175px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-07-cl/" title="July 14-20, 2011: Crater Lake & Northern California [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-07</span><span style="display:block">Crater Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon+California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-07-hm/" title="July 9, 2011: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5175px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-07-hm/" title="July 9, 2011: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-07</span><span style="display:block">Hamilton Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-07-sm/" title="July 2, 2011: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5175px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-07-sm/" title="July 2, 2011: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-07</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-06-oc/" title="June 21-22, 2011: Cannon Beach & Neahkahnie Mountain (Oregon) [53 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5220px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-06-oc/" title="June 21-22, 2011: Cannon Beach & Neahkahnie Mountain (Oregon) [53 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-06</span><span style="display:block">Oregon Coast</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-06-ar/" title="June 21, 2011: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5220px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-06-ar/" title="June 21, 2011: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-06</span><span style="display:block">Angel's Rest</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-06-ef/" title="June 17, 2011: Elowah Falls & Upper McCord Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5220px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-06-ef/" title="June 17, 2011: Elowah Falls & Upper McCord Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-06</span><span style="display:block">Elowah Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-05-cc/" title="May 18, 2011: Catherine Creek & Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5265px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-05-cc/" title="May 18, 2011: Catherine Creek & Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-05</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-03-lab/" title="March 22, 2011: The Labyrinth & Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5265px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-03-lab/" title="March 22, 2011: The Labyrinth & Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-03</span><span style="display:block">Labyrinth & Dog Mtn.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2011-01-gc/" title="January 27, 2011: Gales Creek (Coast Range, Oregon) [28 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5265px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2011-01-gc/" title="January 27, 2011: Gales Creek (Coast Range, Oregon) [28 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2011-01</span><span style="display:block">Gales Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-12-yh/" title="December 24-26, 2010: Newport & Yaquina Head (Oregon Coast) [34 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5310px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-12-yh/" title="December 24-26, 2010: Newport & Yaquina Head (Oregon Coast) [34 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-12</span><span style="display:block">Newport</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-11-cw/" title="November 14, 2010: Coyote Wall (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [15 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5310px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-11-cw/" title="November 14, 2010: Coyote Wall (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [15 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-11</span><span style="display:block">Coyote Wall</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-10-mm/" title="October 20, 2010: Mt. Margaret Backcountry (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5310px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-10-mm/" title="October 20, 2010: Mt. Margaret Backcountry (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-10</span><span style="display:block">Mount Margaret</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-10-lr/" title="October 2, 2010: Lemei Rock (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5355px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-10-lr/" title="October 2, 2010: Lemei Rock (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-10</span><span style="display:block">Lemei Rock</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-09-mh/" title="September 2, 2010: Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [54 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5355px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-09-mh/" title="September 2, 2010: Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [54 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-09</span><span style="display:block">Mississippi Head</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-08-vr/" title="August 15, 2010: Vista Ridge & Sunset on Mt. Hood, Oregon [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5355px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-08-vr/" title="August 15, 2010: Vista Ridge & Sunset on Mt. Hood, Oregon [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-08</span><span style="display:block">Vista Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-07-mp/" title="July 23, 2010: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5400px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-07-mp/" title="July 23, 2010: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2010: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5400px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-07-ssm/" title="July 17, 2010: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-07</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-07-scf/" title="July 1, 2010: Summit Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [17 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5400px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-07-scf/" title="July 1, 2010: Summit Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [17 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-07</span><span style="display:block">Summit Creek Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-05-hrm/" title="May 15, 2010: Hood River Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5445px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-05-hrm/" title="May 15, 2010: Hood River Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-05</span><span style="display:block">Hood River Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-03-cc/" title="March 18, 2010: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5445px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-03-cc/" title="March 18, 2010: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-03</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2010-02-lab/" title="February 28, 2010: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [42 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5445px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2010-02-lab/" title="February 28, 2010: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [42 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2010-02</span><span style="display:block">The Labyrinth</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-09-me/" title="September 28, 2009: Mount Eddy & Deadfall Lakes (California) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5490px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-09-me/" title="September 28, 2009: Mount Eddy & Deadfall Lakes (California) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-09</span><span style="display:block">Mount Eddy</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-09-ma/" title="September 2, 2009: Killen Creek/High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5490px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-09-ma/" title="September 2, 2009: Killen Creek/High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-09</span><span style="display:block">Mount Adams</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-08-pp/" title="August 18, 2009: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5490px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-08-pp/" title="August 18, 2009: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-08</span><span style="display:block">Paradise Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-08-jp/" title="August 11, 2009: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5535px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-08-jp/" title="August 11, 2009: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-08</span><span style="display:block">Jefferson Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-08-mp/" title="August 4, 2009: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5535px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-08-mp/" title="August 4, 2009: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-08</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-07-gr/" title="July 31, 2009: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5535px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-07-gr/" title="July 31, 2009: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-07</span><span style="display:block">Gnarl Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-06-ssm/" title="June 23, 2009: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5580px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-06-ssm/" title="June 23, 2009: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-05-ch/" title="May 11, 2009: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5580px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-05-ch/" title="May 11, 2009: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-05</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-04-lco/" title="April 6, 2009: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5580px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-04-lco/" title="April 6, 2009: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-04</span><span style="display:block">Lyle Cherry Orchard</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-03-sc/" title="March 17-18, 2009: Santa Cruz (California) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5625px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-03-sc/" title="March 17-18, 2009: Santa Cruz (California) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-03</span><span style="display:block">Santa Cruz</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2009-02-sjdc/" title="February 5-11, 2009: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [85 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5625px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2009-02-sjdc/" title="February 5-11, 2009: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [85 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2009-02</span><span style="display:block">San Jose del Cabo</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Mexico</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-10-ms/" title="October 12, 2008: Mount Shasta (California) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5625px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-10-ms/" title="October 12, 2008: Mount Shasta (California) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-10</span><span style="display:block">Mt. Shasta</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">California</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-08-ncr/" title="August 28, 2008: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5670px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-08-ncr/" title="August 28, 2008: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-08</span><span style="display:block">Newton Clark Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-08-bs/" title="August 12, 2008: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5670px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-08-bs/" title="August 12, 2008: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-08</span><span style="display:block">Barrett Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-07-ssm/" title="July 23, 2008: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5670px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-07-ssm/" title="July 23, 2008: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-07</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-06-ch/" title="June 22, 2008: Cascade Head (Oregon Coast) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5715px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-06-ch/" title="June 22, 2008: Cascade Head (Oregon Coast) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-06</span><span style="display:block">Cascade Head</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-06-dm/" title="June 2, 2008: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5715px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-06-dm/" title="June 2, 2008: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-06</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-05-as/" title="May 2, 2008: Alder Springs Trail (Jefferson County, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5715px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-05-as/" title="May 2, 2008: Alder Springs Trail (Jefferson County, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-05</span><span style="display:block">Alder Springs</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-04-cc/" title="April 1, 2008: Catherine Creek (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5760px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-04-cc/" title="April 1, 2008: Catherine Creek (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-04</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2008-02-kauai/" title="January 30 - February 6, 2008: Kaua'i, Hawaii [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5760px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2008-02-kauai/" title="January 30 - February 6, 2008: Kaua'i, Hawaii [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2008-02</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-11-msh/" title="November 3, 2007: Mount St. Helens climb (Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5760px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-11-msh/" title="November 3, 2007: Mount St. Helens climb (Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-11</span><span style="display:block">Mt. St. Helens</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-08-ec/" title="August 16, 2007: Pinnacle Ridge to Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5805px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-08-ec/" title="August 16, 2007: Pinnacle Ridge to Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-08</span><span style="display:block">Elk Cove</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-08-ss/" title="August 9, 2007: South Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5805px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-08-ss/" title="August 9, 2007: South Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-08</span><span style="display:block">South Sister</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-08-jp/" title="August 2, 2007: Jefferson Park, Oregon [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5805px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-08-jp/" title="August 2, 2007: Jefferson Park, Oregon [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-08</span><span style="display:block">Jefferson Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-07-cs/" title="July 26, 2007: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5850px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-07-cs/" title="July 26, 2007: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-07</span><span style="display:block">Cooper Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2007: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5850px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-07-mp/" title="July 10, 2007: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-06-nm/" title="June 19, 2007: Neahkahnie Mountain, Oregon [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5850px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-06-nm/" title="June 19, 2007: Neahkahnie Mountain, Oregon [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-06</span><span style="display:block">Neahkahnie Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-06-lm/" title="June 2, 2007: Larch Mountain, Oregon [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5895px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-06-lm/" title="June 2, 2007: Larch Mountain, Oregon [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-06</span><span style="display:block">Larch Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-05-dm/" title="May 17, 2007: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5895px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-05-dm/" title="May 17, 2007: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-05-cc/" title="May 5, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [29 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5895px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-05-cc/" title="May 5, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [29 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-05</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-04-tmp/" title="April 5, 2007: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5940px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-04-tmp/" title="April 5, 2007: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-04</span><span style="display:block">Tom McCall Preserve</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-03-cc/" title="March 16, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5940px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-03-cc/" title="March 16, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-03</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2007-01-kauai/" title="January 9-16, 2007: Kaua'i, Hawaii [80 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5940px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2007-01-kauai/" title="January 9-16, 2007: Kaua'i, Hawaii [80 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2007-01</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-09-eg/" title="September 3, 2006: Langille Crags (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -5985px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-09-eg/" title="September 3, 2006: Langille Crags (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-09</span><span style="display:block">Langille Crags</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-08-vr/" title="August 20, 2006: Vista Ridge & Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -5985px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-08-vr/" title="August 20, 2006: Vista Ridge & Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-08</span><span style="display:block">Vista Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-08-pjg/" title="August 13, 2006: Portland Japanese Garden [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -5985px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-08-pjg/" title="August 13, 2006: Portland Japanese Garden [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-08</span><span style="display:block">Japanese Garden</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-08-ma/" title="August 4, 2006: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6030px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-08-ma/" title="August 4, 2006: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-08</span><span style="display:block">Mount Adams</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-07-pp/" title="July 26, 2006: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6030px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-07-pp/" title="July 26, 2006: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-07</span><span style="display:block">Paradise Park</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-07-pr/" title="July 20, 2006: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6030px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-07-pr/" title="July 20, 2006: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-07</span><span style="display:block">Pinnacle Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-07-mp/" title="July 9, 2006: Bald Mountain & McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6075px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-07-mp/" title="July 9, 2006: Bald Mountain & McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-07-sis/" title="July 2-3, 2006: Sisters & Smith Rock (Oregon) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6075px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-07-sis/" title="July 2-3, 2006: Sisters & Smith Rock (Oregon) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-07</span><span style="display:block">Sisters</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-06-cp/" title="June 25-26, 2006: McKenzie River & Cone Peak/Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6075px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-06-cp/" title="June 25-26, 2006: McKenzie River & Cone Peak/Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-06</span><span style="display:block">Cone Peak/Iron Mtn.</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-06-ssm/" title="June 17, 2006: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6120px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-06-ssm/" title="June 17, 2006: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-06</span><span style="display:block">Silver Star Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2006: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6120px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-06-sm/" title="June 11, 2006: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-06</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2006: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6120px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-05-ch/" title="May 4, 2006: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-05</span><span style="display:block">Columbia Hills</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-04-dm/" title="April 19, 2006: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6165px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-04-dm/" title="April 19, 2006: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-04</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-04-cc/" title="April 12, 2006: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6165px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-04-cc/" title="April 12, 2006: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-04</span><span style="display:block">Catherine Creek</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2006-02-gr/" title="February 12, 2006: Ghost Ridge/Tri-County Ridge snowshoeing [20 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6165px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2006-02-gr/" title="February 12, 2006: Ghost Ridge/Tri-County Ridge snowshoeing [20 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2006-02</span><span style="display:block">Ghost Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-10-rr/" title="October 23, 2005: Ruckel Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6210px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-10-rr/" title="October 23, 2005: Ruckel Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-10</span><span style="display:block">Ruckel Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-10-lc/" title="October 17, 2005: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6210px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-10-lc/" title="October 17, 2005: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-10</span><span style="display:block">Lava Canyon</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-10-tf/" title="October 9, 2005: Tamanawas Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6210px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-10-tf/" title="October 9, 2005: Tamanawas Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-10</span><span style="display:block">Tamanawas Falls</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-09-gr/" title="September 25, 2005: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6255px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-09-gr/" title="September 25, 2005: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-09</span><span style="display:block">Gnarl Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-08-bs/" title="August 24, 2005: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6255px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-08-bs/" title="August 24, 2005: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-08</span><span style="display:block">Barrett Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-08-bc/" title="August 13, 2005: Black Crater (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6255px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-08-bc/" title="August 13, 2005: Black Crater (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-08</span><span style="display:block">Black Crater</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-08-cr/" title="August 4, 2005: Cathedral Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6300px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-08-cr/" title="August 4, 2005: Cathedral Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-08</span><span style="display:block">Cathedral Ridge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-07-sm/" title="July 30, 2005: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [24 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6300px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-07-sm/" title="July 30, 2005: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [24 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-07</span><span style="display:block">Saddle Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-07-bl/" title="July 26, 2005: Burnt Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6300px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-07-bl/" title="July 26, 2005: Burnt Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-07</span><span style="display:block">Burnt Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-07-tl/" title="July 23, 2005: Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [15 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6345px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-07-tl/" title="July 23, 2005: Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [15 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-07</span><span style="display:block">Timberline Lodge</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-07-cs/" title="July 9, 2005: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6345px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-07-cs/" title="July 9, 2005: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-07</span><span style="display:block">Cooper Spur</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-07-mp/" title="July 14, 2005: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6345px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-07-mp/" title="July 14, 2005: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-07</span><span style="display:block">McNeil Point</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-06-ar/" title="June 25, 2005: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [18 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6390px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-06-ar/" title="June 25, 2005: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [18 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-06</span><span style="display:block">Angel's Rest</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-05-ml/" title="May 28, 2005: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [19 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6390px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-05-ml/" title="May 28, 2005: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [19 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-05</span><span style="display:block">Mirror Lake</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2005-05-dm/" title="May 11, 2005: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [10 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6390px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2005-05-dm/" title="May 11, 2005: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [10 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2005-05</span><span style="display:block">Dog Mountain</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Washington</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="knapp/" title="Knapp Street, Portland, OR [53 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6435px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="knapp/" title="Knapp Street, Portland, OR [53 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2004-present</span><span style="display:block">Portland</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Oregon</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2004-03-france/" title="March 2-9, 2004: Paris & Alsace, France [28 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6435px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2004-03-france/" title="March 2-9, 2004: Paris & Alsace, France [28 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2004-03</span><span style="display:block">France</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block"></span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2002-03-kauai/" title="March 3-11, 2002: Kaua'i, Hawaii [146 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -120px -6435px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2002-03-kauai/" title="March 3-11, 2002: Kaua'i, Hawaii [146 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2002-03</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="middle">
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2001-03-kauai/" title="March 6-13, 2001: Kaua'i, Hawaii [145 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -0px -6480px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2001-03-kauai/" title="March 6-13, 2001: Kaua'i, Hawaii [145 photos]"><span class="album_month" style="display:block">2001-03</span><span style="display:block">Kaua'i</span><span class="album_state" style="display:block">Hawaii</span></a></td>
<td class="master_index_thumbnail "><a href="2000-2003/" title="Miscellaneous photos from 2000 to 2003 [75 photos]"><span style="display:inline-block; background:url('images/thumbnail_mosaic.jpg') -60px -6480px no-repeat; width:60px; height:45px; cursor:pointer;" /></a></td><td class="master_index_caption "><a href="2000-2003/" title="Miscellaneous photos from 2000 to 2003 [75 photos]">2000 to 2003<span class="album_state" style="display:block"></span></a></td>
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All content is the property of <a href="../" class="underline">Adam Schneider</a>. If you'd like to use any of these images in an on-line or published work, contact me at <nobr><img src="images/email-12.svg" style="height:1.25em; vertical-align:bottom;" alt="schneider pobox com">.</nobr> Larger, un-watermarked versions of most photos are available.
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Adam Schneider's Digital Photos
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| --- | --- |
| • 2023-11 Columbia Hills | |
| • 2023-10 Ape Cave | |
| • 2023-10 Tam McArthur Rim | |
| • [2023-09 Wahkeena Falls](2023-09-wf/ "September 12, 2023: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • 2023-08 Paradise | |
| • 2023-08 Steens Mountain | |
| • 2023-08 Mt. Baker | |
| • 2023-07 Paradise Park | |
| • 2023-07 Tatoosh Range | |
| • 2023-07 Mt. St. Helens | |
| • 2023-07 Shellrock Peak | |
| • 2023-07 Youngs Rock | |
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| • 2023-07 Olympic Mountains | |
| • 2023-06 Southern Oregon | |
| • [2023-06 Blue Mountains](2023-06-bm/ "June 12-15, 2023: Blue Mountains (southeastern Washington)") | |
| • [2023-06 Wenatchee Mountains](2023-06-wm/ "June 5-7, 2023: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas & Chelan Counties, Washington)") | |
| • 2023-06 Oregon Badlands | |
| • 2023-06 Smith Rock | |
| • [2023-05 Bald Butte](2023-05-bb/ "May 28, 2023: Mitchell Point & Bald Butte (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2023-05 Dog Mountain](2023-05-dm/ "May 25, 2023: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2023-05 Hamilton Mountain](2023-05-hm/ "May 18, 2023: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2023-05 Columbia Plateau](2023-05-cp/ "May 9-12, 2023: Columbia Plateau (south-central Washington)") | |
| • [2023-05 Klickitat Wildlife Area](2023-05-kwa/ "May 6, 2023: Klickitat Wildlife Area & Glenwood Highway (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2023-05 Camassia Natural Area](2023-05-cna/ "May 2, 2023: Camassia Natural Area & Wilderness Park (West Linn, Oregon)") | |
| • [2023-04 Mill Creek Ridge](2023-04-mcr/ "April 27, 2023: Mill Creek Ridge (Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2023-04 Sacramento Valley](2023-04-sv/ "April 17-21, 2023: Sacramento Valley (California)") | |
| • [2023-04 Mojave Desert](2023-04-md/ "April 9-15, 2023: Mojave Desert & Death Valley, California") | |
| • [2023-04 Lava Beds N.M.](2023-04-lb/ "April 8, 2023: Lava Beds National Monument (Modoc County, California)") | |
| • [2023-03 Catherine Creek](2023-03-cc/ "March 29, 2023: Catherine Creek & Rowland Wall (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2023-03 Deschutes River](2023-03-dr/ "March 17, 2023: Gordon Ridge & Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2023-03 Eastern Gorge](2023-03-eg/ "March 11, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2023-01 Eastern Gorge](2023-01-eg/ "January 26 & February 12, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
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| • [2022-10 Rooster Rock](2022-10-rr/ "October 1, 2022: Rooster Rock State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-09 Mount Adams](2022-09-ma/ "September 7, 2022: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-08 Guye Peak](2022-08-gp/ "August 31, 2022: Guye Peak (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-08 Cathedral Rock](2022-08-cr/ "August 30, 2022: Cathedral Rock (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-08 Obsidian Trail](2022-08-ot/ "August 23, 2022: Obsidian Trail (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-08 Three Creek Lake](2022-08-tcl/ "August 22, 2022: Little Three Creek Lake & Three Creek Lake (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-08 McNeil Point](2022-08-mp/ "August 16, 2022: McNeil Point, Ho Rock, & Co Rock (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-08 Naches Peak](2022-08-np/ "August 12, 2022: Naches Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-08 Tatoosh Range](2022-08-tr/ "August 11, 2022: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-08 Calapooya Mountains](2022-08-cm/ "August 3-4, 2022: Calapooya Mountains (Umpqua National Forest, Lane County & Douglas County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-07 Angora Peak](2022-07-ap/ "July 29, 2022: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-07 Tatie Peak](2022-07-tp/ "July 22, 2022: Harts Pass & Tatie Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-07 Tiffany Mountain](2022-07-tm/ "July 20-21, 2022: Tiffany Mountain & Tiffany Highlands (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-07 Middle Pyramid](2022-07-mp/ "July 8, 2022: Parish Lake, Middle Pyramid, & Park Creek Basin (Linn County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-07 Mount Townsend](2022-07-mt/ "July 14, 2022: Mount Townsend (Olympic National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-07 Multorpor Fen](2022-07-mf/ "July 8, 2022: Multorpor Fen (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-07 Lake County](2022-07-lc/ "July 5-7, 2022: Lake County, Oregon") | |
| • [2022-07 Three Corner Rock](2022-07-tcr/ "July 1, 2022: Three Corner Rock (Skamania County, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-06 Conboy Lake](2022-06-cl/ "June 27, 2022: Conboy Lake N.W.R. & Brooks Memorial State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-06 Western Cascades](2022-06-wc/ "June 22-24, 2022: Western Cascades (Lane County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-06 Wind Mountain](2022-06-wm/ "June 15, 2022: Wind Mountain & Dog Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-06 Southeastern Oregon](2022-06-seo/ "June 7-11, 2022: Southeastern Oregon") | |
| • [2022-05 Oregon Coast](2022-05-oc/ "May 30 - June 2, 2022: Central Oregon Coast (Lincoln County)") | |
| • [2022-05 Finley N.W.R.](2022-05-fnwr/ "May 30, 2022: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-05 Deschutes River](2022-05-dr/ "May 25, 2022: Deschutes River (Wasco County & Jefferson County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-05 Eagle Creek](2022-05-ec/ "May 20, 2022: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-05 Idaho/E. Oregon](2022-05-id/ "May 10-13, 2022: Western Idaho & Eastern Oregon") | |
| • [2022-05 Hood River](2022-05-hr/ "May 3, 2022: Hood River Mountain & Mosier (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-04 Liberty Hill](2022-04-lh/ "April 29, 2022: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Columbia County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-04 Mima Mounds](2022-04-mm/ "April 29, 2022: Mima Mounds & Scatter Creek (Thurston County, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-04 John Day River](2022-04-jd/ "April 24-25, 2022: John Day River Basin (North-Central Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-04 Southern Oregon](2022-04-so/ "April 4-8, 2022: Southern Oregon & Northern California") | |
| • [2022-03 Coburg Hills](2022-03-ch/ "March 26, 2022: Shotgun Creek, Horse Rock Ridge, & Cascadia State Park (Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-03 Lyle Cherry Orchard](2022-03-lco/ "March 22, 2022: Lyle Cherry Orchard & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-03 Criterion Tract](2022-03-ct/ "March 16, 2022: BLM Criterion Tract (Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-03 Mill Creek Ridge](2022-03-mcr/ "March 6, 2022: Mill Creek Ridge & Mill Creek Preserve (Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2022-02 Eastern Gorge](2022-02-eg/ "February 10, 2022: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-01 Dog Mountain](2022-01-dm/ "January 21, 2022: Winter on Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2022-01 Yaquina Head](2022-01-yh/ "January 14, 2022: Yaquina Head (Lincoln County, Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2021](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2021-12 Columbia Hills](2021-12-ch/ "December 1, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-10 Indian Heaven](2021-10-ih/ "October 19, 2021: Thomas Lake & Blue Lake (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-09 Mount Washington](2021-09-mw/ "September 25, 2021: Mount Washington (Olympic National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-09 Sleeping Beauty](2021-09-sb/ "September 21, 2021: Sleeping Beauty, Steamboat Mountain, & waterfalls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-09 Columbia River](2021-09-cr/ "August 27, September 7, & September 11, 2021: Lower Columbia River, Oregon") | |
| • [2021-09 Mt. Hood Meadows](2021-09-mhm/ "September 3, 2021: Mount Hood Meadows (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-08 Mt. Baker](2021-08-mb/ "August 10-12, 2021: Mt. Baker Highway (Washington)") | |
| • [2021-08 Mt. Rainier](2021-08-mrnp/ "July 22, August 5, & August 19, 2021: Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington)") | |
| • [2021-07 Marmot Pass](2021-07-mp/ "July 29, 2021: Marmot Pass & Buckhorn Mountain (Olympic National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-07 Lookout Mountain](2021-07-lm/ "July 16, 2021: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-07 Blue Mountains](2021-07-bm/ "July 9-12, 2021: Blue Mountains (Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-07 Barrett Spur](2021-07-bs/ "July 5, 2021: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-06 Siskiyou Mountains](2021-06-sm/ "June 29 - July 1, 2021: Siskiyou Mountains (Southern Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-06 Wenatchee Mountains](2021-06-wm/ "June 23-24, 2021: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas County, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-06 Grassy Knoll](2021-06-gk/ "June 17, 2021: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-06 Horse Rock Ridge](2021-06-hrr/ "June 10, 2021: Horse Rock Ridge & Kingston Prairie (Linn County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-06 McCord Creek](2021-06-mc/ "April 22 & June 6, 2021: McCord Creek & Elowah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-06 Central Oregon](2021-06-co/ "June 2-5, 2021: Central Oregon") | |
| • [2021-05 Mount Hebo](2021-05-mh/ "May 26, 2021: Mount Hebo (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-05 Central Washington](2021-05-cw/ "May 17-20, 2021: Central Washington") | |
| • [2021-05 Saddle Mountain](2021-05-sm/ "May 13, 2021: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-05 Eastern Oregon](2021-05-eo/ "May 3-8, 2021: Eastern Oregon") | |
| • [2021-04 Catherine Creek](2021-04-cc/ "April 27, 2021: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-04 Columbia Hills](2021-04-ch/ "April 19, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-04 Tehama County](2021-04-tc/ "April 13-14, 2021: Tehama County, California") | |
| • [2021-04 Southern Oregon](2021-04-so/ "April 12-17, 2021: Southern Oregon") | |
| • [2021-04 Klickitat Wildlife Area](2021-04-kwa/ "April 6, 2021: Klickitat Wildlife Area (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2021-03 Cottonwood Canyon](2021-03-cc/ "March 31, 2021: Cottonwood Canyon State Park (Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-03 Liberty Hill](2021-03-lh/ "March 26, 2021: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-03 Rowena Plateau](2021-03-rp/ "March 17, 2021: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2021-03 The Dalles](2021-03-td/ "March 11, 2021: Chenoweth Tableland & Seufert Park (The Dalles, OR), and Devil's Gap (Washington)") | |
| • [2021-02 Eastern Gorge](2021-02-eg/ "February 24, 2021: Lower Deschutes River & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington)") | |
| • [2021-01 The Labyrinth](2021-01-lab/ "January 7, 2021: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2020](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2020-11 White River Canyon](2020-11-wr/ "November 1, 2020: White River Canyon & White River Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-10 Lewis River](2020-10-lr/ "October 16, 2020: Lewis River (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-10 The Enchantments](2020-10-ench/ "October 1, 2020: The Enchantments (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-09 Diamond Peak](2020-09-dp/ "September 3, 2020: Diamond Peak (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-08 Pinnacle Ridge](2020-08-pr/ "August 29, 2020: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-08 Mount Adams](2020-08-ma/ "August 26, 2020: Divide Camp Trail to Adams Glacier & High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-08 Chinook Pass](2020-08-cp/ "August 19, 2020: Noble Knob, Yakima Peak, & Naches Peak (Washington)") | |
| • [2020-08 Three-Fingered Jack](2020-08-tfj/ "August 14, 2020: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-08 Sierra Nevada](2020-08-sn/ "August 4-8, 2020: Sierra Nevada Mountains (California)") | |
| • [2020-07 Lake of the Angels](2020-07-la/ "July 29, 2020: Lake of the Angels (Olympic National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-07 Browder Ridge](2020-07-br/ "July 23, 2020: Browder Ridge (Western Cascades, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-07 Blue Mountains](2020-07-bm/ "July 15-17, 2020: Blue Mountains, Oregon") | |
| • [2020-07 McNeil Point](2020-07-mp/ "July 10, 2020: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-07 Nasty Rock](2020-07-nr/ "July 8, 2020: Nasty Rock & Not Nasty Rock (Western Cascades, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-07 Bonney Meadows](2020-07-bl/ "July 3, 2020: Boulder Lake/Bonney Meadows & Tygh Creek Trail (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-06 Klamath Mountains](2020-06-km/ "June 21-25, 2020: Klamath Mountains, Oregon & California") | |
| • [2020-06 Elk+Kings Mountain](2020-06-ekm/ "June 17, 2020: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-06 Wasco County](2020-06-wc/ "June 10, 2020: White River Falls, Deschutes River, Postage Stamp Butte, & Bottle Prairie (Wasco & Hood River Counties, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-06 Table Rock](2020-06-tr/ "June 3, 2020: Rooster Rock & Table Rock (Table Rock Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-05 Cape Perpetua](2020-05-cp/ "May 27, 2020: Central Oregon Coast: Cape Perpetua, Florence, and Yachats") | |
| • [2020-05 Nestor Peak](2020-05-np/ "May 23, 2020: Nestor Peak (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-05 Klickitat County](2020-05-kc/ "May 20, 2020: Brooks Memorial State Park, Klickitat Wildlife Area, & Swale Creek Wildlife Area (Washington)") | |
| • [2020-05 Rogue Valley](2020-05-rv/ "May 4-8, 2020: Rogue Valley & Illinois Valley, Oregon") | |
| • [2020-05 Canemah Bluff](2020-05-cb/ "May 1, 2020: Canemah Bluff Nature Park (Oregon City, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-04 Mount Pisgah](2020-04-mp/ "April 21, 2020: Mount Pisgah & Willow Creek Preserve (Lane County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-04 Deschutes River](2020-04-dr/ "April 17, 2020: White River Wildlife Area & Deschutes River (Wasco County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-04 Spring Basin](2020-04-sb/ "April 10, 2020: Spring Basin Wilderness & Deschutes River (Oregon)") | |
| • [2020-03 Archer Mountain](2020-03-am/ "March 22, 2020: Archer Mountain & Duncan Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-03 Eastern Gorge](2020-03-eg/ "March 18, 2020: Columbia Hills, Doug's Beach, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-03 Hamilton Mountain](2020-03-hm/ "March 12, 2020: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2020-02 Eastern Gorge](2020-02-eg/ "February 28, 2020: Memaloose Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington)") | |
| • [2020-02 Coyote Wall](2020-02-cw/ "February 12, 2020: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2019](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2019-12 Cape Kiwanda](2019-12-ck/ "December 12, 2019: Cape Kiwanda, Sitka Sedge, & Oceanside (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2019-10 Siouxon Creek](2019-10-sc/ "October 12, 2019: Siouxon Creek (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-10 Capitol Reef N.P.](2019-10-cr/ "October 4-6, 2019: Capitol Reef National Park (Utah)") | |
| • [2019-10 Wasatch Mountains](2019-10-wm/ "October 3 & 7, 2019: Mt. Raymond & Mt. Wolverine (Wasatch Mountains, Utah)") | |
| • [2019-09 Saddle Mountain](2019-09-sm/ "September 12, 2019: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-08 Newton Clark Ridge](2019-08-ncr/ "August 31, 2019: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-08 Goat Rocks](2019-08-gr/ "August 19-20, 2019: Walupt Creek Falls & Cispus Pass (Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-08 Jefferson Park](2019-08-jp/ "August 13, 2019: Jefferson Park (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-08 Spray Park](2019-08-sp/ "August 6, 2019: Mowich Lake to Spray Park (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-07 Southwest Colorado](2019-07-swco/ "July 24-31, 2019: Southwest Colorado") | |
| • [2019-07 Ruby Mountains](2019-07-rm/ "July 22, 2019: Lamoille Canyon (Ruby Mountains, Nevada)") | |
| • [2019-07 Steens Mountain](2019-07-sm/ "July 21, 2019: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-07 Central Oregon](2019-07-co/ "July 20, 2019: Central Oregon: Gray Butte & Crooked River Highway") | |
| • [2019-07 Mt. McLoughlin](2019-07-mm/ "July 13, 2019: Mt. McLoughlin (Sky Lakes Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-07 Coffin Mountain](2019-07-cm/ "July 3, 2019: Coffin Mountain & Bachelor Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-06 Silver Star Mountain](2019-06-ssm/ "June 24, 2019: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-06 Cascade Head](2019-06-ch/ "June 17, 2019: Cascade Head & God's Thumb (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2019-06 Wenatchee Mountains](2019-06-wm/ "June 10-12, 2019: Wenatchee Mountains (Washington)") | |
| • [2019-06 Wahkeena Falls](2019-06-wf/ "June 3, 2019: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-05 Central Oregon](2019-05-co/ "May 27-30, 2019: Central Oregon") | |
| • [2019-05 Leidl Ridge](2019-05-lr/ "May 11, 2019: Leidl Ridge (Klickitat Wildlife Area, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-05 Central Washington](2019-05-cw/ "May 8-10, 2019: Central Washington") | |
| • [2019-05 Columbia Hills](2019-05-ch/ "May 4, 2019: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-05 Baskett Slough etc.](2019-05-bs/ "May 2-3, 2019: Baskett Slough, Drift Creek Falls, & Newport (Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-04 Chenoweth Tableland](2019-04-ct/ "April 25, 2019: Chenoweth Tableland (The Dalles, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-04 Dog Mountain](2019-04-dm/ "April 25, 2019: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-04 Angel's Rest](2019-04-ar/ "April 23, 2019: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-04 Northern California](2019-04-nc/ "April 10-14, 2019: Northern California: Santa Cruz, Pinnacles & Henry Coe") | |
| • [2019-04 Camassia Natural Area](2019-04-cna/ "April 6, 22, & 30, 2019: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon)") | |
| • [2019-03 Doug's Beach S.P.](2019-03-db/ "March 24, 2019: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2019-03 Oregon tidepools](2019-03-tp/ "March 2019: Tidepools on the Central Oregon Coast") | |
| • [2019-02 San Diego](2019-02-sd/ "February 21-22, 2019: San Diego, California") | |
| • [2019-02 Anza-Borrego Desert](2019-02-ab/ "February 19-20, 2019: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (California)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2018](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2018-11 Zion/Bryce/Escalante](2018-11-utah/ "November 22-25, 2018: Southern Utah") | |
| • [2018-10 Sandy River](2018-10-sr/ "October 19, 2018: Sandy River to Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-08 Squamish](2018-08-bc/ "August 7-9, 2018: Squamish (British Columbia, Canada)") | |
| • [2018-08 Mt. Baker](2018-08-mb/ "August 6, 2018: Chain Lakes Trail & Artist Point (Mt. Baker, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-07 Sawtooth Mountains](2018-07-ap/ "July 24, 2018: Sawtooth Lake & Alpine Peak (Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho)") | |
| • [2018-07 Northern Utah](2018-07-utah/ "July 13-22, 2018: Northern Utah: Wasatch & Uinta Mountains") | |
| • [2018-07 Strawberry Mountain](2018-07-sm/ "July 11, 2018: Strawberry Mountain (Malheur National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-07 Ochoco Mountains](2018-07-om/ "July 10, 2018: Ochoco Mountains (Central Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-07 Mount Aix](2018-07-ma/ "July 7, 2018: Mount Aix (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-06 Western Cascades](2018-06-wc/ "June 27-28, 2018: Western Cascades (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-06 Mt. St. Helens](2018-06-msh/ "June 19, 2018: Truman Trail to Loowit Falls (Mt. St. Helens, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-06 Dome Rock](2018-06-dr/ "June 12, 2018: Dome Rock & Sardine Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-05 Surveyor's Ridge](2018-05-sr/ "May 30, 2018: Surveyor's Ridge & Lookout Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-05 Archer Mountain](2018-05-am/ "May 23, 2018: Archer Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-05 Angora Peak](2018-05-ap/ "May 17, 2018: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-05 El Dorado County](2018-05-edc/ "May 11-12, 2018: El Dorado County, California") | |
| • [2018-05 Lacamas Park](2018-05-lp/ "May 8, 2018: Lacamas Creek Park (Camas, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-05 Eloise Butler](2018-05-eb/ "May 7, 2018: Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden (Minneapolis, Minnesota)") | |
| • [2018-04 Rogue Valley](2018-04-rv/ "April 18-21, 2018: Rogue Valley & Illinois River (Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-04 Rowena Plateau](2018-04-rp/ "April 9, 2018: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-03 Mount Rainier](2018-03-mrnp/ "March 20, 2018: Snowshoeing at Paradise (Mount Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2018-03 Deschutes River](2018-03-dr/ "March 11, 2018: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2018-02 Mosier Plateau](2018-02-mp/ "February 7, 2018: Mosier Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2017](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2017-12 Saddle Mountain](2017-12-sm/ "December 10, 2017: Saddle Mountain & Cannon Beach (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2017-11 Columbia Hills](2017-11-ch/ "November 24, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-10 Cape Perpetua](2017-10-cp/ "October 24, 2017: Cape Perpetua & Newport (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2017-09 Whittier Ridge](2017-09-wr/ "September 27, 2017: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-08 Sierra Nevada](2017-08-sn/ "August 27-31, 2017: Sierra Nevada, California") | |
| • [2017-08 Total Eclipse](2017-08-te/ "August 19-21, 2017: Total Eclipse of the Sun, Eastern Oregon") | |
| • [2017-08 Mount Rainier](2017-08-mrnp/ "August 9-10, 2017: Chinook Pass & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-08 Gnarl Ridge](2017-08-gr/ "August 4, 2017: Cloud Cap to Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-07 Vesper Peak](2017-07-nc/ "July 29-30, 2017: Vesper Peak & Mt. Pilchuck (North Cascades, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-07 Olympic National Park](2017-07-onp/ "July 17-19, 2017: Olympic National Park, Washington") | |
| • [2017-07 Vista Ridge](2017-07-vr/ "July 8, 2017: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-07 Hamilton Mountain](2017-07-hm/ "July 3, 2017: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-06 Silver Star Mountain](2017-06-ssm/ "June 29, 2017: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-06 Rogue Valley](2017-06-rv/ "June 21-23, 2017: Rogue River Valley (Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-06 Central Oregon](2017-06-co/ "June 6-8, 2017: Central Oregon") | |
| • [2017-06 Dog Mountain](2017-06-dm/ "June 5, 2017: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-05 Finley N.W.R.](2017-05-fnwr/ "May 22, 2017: Finley National Wildlife Refuge & Mary's Peak (Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-05 Cottonwood Canyon](2017-05-cc/ "May 19, 2017: Cottonwood Canyon State Park & Seven-Mile Hill (Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-05 John Day Fossil Beds](2017-05-jd/ "May 6-7, 2017: John Day Fossil Beds & Kingston Prairie (Oregon)") | |
| • [2017-05 Eastern Utah](2017-05-utah/ "April 29 - May 7, 2017: Eastern Utah") | |
| • [2017-04 Columbia Hills](2017-04-ch/ "April 16 & 29, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-03 Doug's Beach S.P.](2017-03-db/ "March 31, 2017: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-03 Coyote Wall](2017-03-cw/ "March 23, 2017: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-02 High Hut](2017-02-hh/ "February 12-13, 2017: High Hut (Tahoma State Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2017-01 Kaua'i](2017-01-kauai/ "January 8-19, 2017: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2016](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2016-10 Opal Creek](2016-10-oc/ "October 12, 2016: Opal Creek (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-09 Broken Top](2016-09-bt/ "September 17, 2016: Broken Top (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-08 North Cascades](2016-08-nc/ "August 28-29, 2016: North Cascades (Washington)") | |
| • [2016-08 The Enchantments](2016-08-ench/ "August 27, 2016: Enchantments One-Day Traverse (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-08 Elk Cove](2016-08-ec/ "August 17, 2016: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-08 Ape Canyon](2016-08-ac/ "August 6, 2016: Ape Canyon & Lava Canyon (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-07 Cabinet Mountains](2016-07-cm/ "July 31, 2016: Leigh Lake (Cabinet Mountains, Montana)") | |
| • [2016-07 Glacier National Park](2016-07-gnp/ "July 25-30, 2016: Glacier National Park (Montana)") | |
| • [2016-07 Lookout Mountain](2016-07-lm/ "July 16, 2016: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-07 Shasta-Trinity N.F.](2016-07-st/ "July 6-8, 2016: Shasta-Trinity National Forest (California)") | |
| • [2016-07 Pilot Rock](2016-07-pr/ "July 5, 2016: Pilot Rock, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-07 McNeil Point](2016-07-mp/ "July 2, 2016: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-06 Iron Mountain](2016-06-im/ "June 22, 2016: Cone Peak & Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-06 Silver Star Mountain](2016-06-ssm/ "June 21, 2016: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-06 Baskett Slough](2016-06-bs/ "June 18, 2016: Baskett Slough N.W.R. (Polk County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-06 Saddle Mountain](2016-06-sm/ "June 12, 2016: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-06 Grassy Knoll](2016-06-gk/ "June 7, 2016: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-05 North Umpqua River](2016-05-nur/ "May 28-30, 2016: North Umpqua River (Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-05 Southern Oregon](2016-05-so/ "May 16-19, 2016: Central & Southern Oregon") | |
| • [2016-05 Cook Hill](2016-05-ch/ "May 12, 2016: Cook Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-05 Dog Mountain](2016-05-dm/ "May 5, 2016: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-05 Tom McCall Preserve](2016-05-tmp/ "May 1, 2016: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-04 Central Washington](2016-04-cw/ "April 18-20, 2016: Central Washington") | |
| • [2016-04 Eastern Gorge](2016-04-eg/ "April 9, 2016: Catherine Creek & Dalles Mountain Road (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-04 Camassia Natural Area](2016-04-cna/ "April 7 & 15, 2016: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-04 Munra Point](2016-04-mp/ "April 1, 2016: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-03 Memaloose Hills](2016-03-mh/ "March 30, 2016: Memaloose Hills & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2016-03 Catherine Creek](2016-03-cc/ "March 2, 2016: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2016-02 Arizona](2016-02-az/ "February 17-23, 2016: Arizona") | |
| • [2016-01 Hamilton Mountain](2016-01-hm/ "January 18, 2016: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2015](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2015-11 La Barge Canyon](2015-11-lbc/ "November 9, 2015: La Barge Canyon (Superstition Mountains, Arizona)") | |
| • [2015-11 Sedona](2015-11-sedona/ "November 8, 2015: Sedona, Arizona") | |
| • [2015-10 Muddy Fork](2015-10-mf/ "October 15, 2015: Ramona Falls & Muddy Fork (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-10 Falls Creek Cave](2015-10-fcc/ "October 11, 2015: Falls Creek Cave, Gifford Pinchot N.F., Washington") | |
| • [2015-09 Langille Crags](2015-09-lc/ "September 19, 2015: Cloud Cap to Langille Crags & Coe Creek (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-09 Stevens Pass](2015-09-sp/ "September 11-12, 2015: Stevens Pass & vicinity (Washington)") | |
| • [2015-08 Middle Sister](2015-08-ms/ "August 15, 2015: Middle Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-07 Alta Mountain](2015-07-am/ "July 30, 2015: Rachel Lake & Alta Mountain (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2015-07 Goat Rocks](2015-07-gr/ "July 15, 2015: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2015-07 Mt. Rainier](2015-07-mrnp/ "July 7-8, 2015: Paradise & Summerland (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2015-06 Three-Fingered Jack](2015-06-tfj/ "June 30, 2015: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-06 Olympic National Park](2015-06-onp/ "June 24-25, 2015: Olympic National Park (Washington)") | |
| • [2015-06 Vista Ridge](2015-06-vr/ "June 18, 2015: Vista Ridge to Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-06 Saddle Mountain](2015-06-sm/ "June 11, 2015: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-06 Tom Dick & Harry](2015-06-tdh/ "June 7, 2015: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-05 Sierra Nevada](2015-05-sn/ "May 24-30, 2015: Sierra Nevada Road Trip") | |
| • [2015-05 Dog Mountain](2015-05-dm/ "May 7, 2015: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2015-04 Columbia Hills](2015-04-ch/ "April 16, 2015: Columbia Hills, Klickitat County, Washington") | |
| • [2015-04 Siphon Draw](2015-04-sd/ "April 8, 2015: Siphon Draw, Superstition Mountains, Arizona") | |
| • [2015-04 Pinnacle Peak](2015-04-pp/ "April 8, 2015: Pinnacle Peak Park (Scottsdale, Arizona)") | |
| • [2015-03 Indian Point](2015-03-ip/ "March 28, 2015: Indian Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-03 Mosier Plateau](2015-03-mp/ "March 27, 2015: Mosier Plateau & Memaloose Pinnacles (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-03 Eagle Creek](2015-03-ec/ "March 18, 2015: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2015-02 Big Island](2015-02-hawaii/ "February 24 - March 4, 2015: The Big Island of Hawaii") | |
| • [2015-02 Coyote Wall](2015-02-cw/ "February 11, 2015: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2015-01 Silver Falls](2015-01-sf/ "January 11, 2015: Silver Falls State Park (Marion County, Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2014](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2014-11 White River Canyon](2014-11-wr/ "November 8, 2014: Mt. Hood Meadows to White River Canyon & Timberline Lodge (Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-10 Indian Heaven](2014-10-ih/ "October 19, 2014: Thomas Lake & East Crater (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-10 Tamanawas Falls](2014-10-tf/ "October 4-5, 2014: Tamanawas Falls & Timothy Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-09 Coldwater Peak](2014-09-cp/ "September 27, 2014: Coldwater Peak (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-09 Eliot Glacier](2014-09-eg/ "September 5, 2014: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-08 Mt. Rainier](2014-08-mrnp/ "August 27, 2014: Sunrise & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-08 North Cascades](2014-08-mp/ "August 19, 2014: Maple Pass (North Cascades National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-08 Mt. Baker](2014-08-pb/ "August 18, 2014: Scott Paul Trail & Park Butte (Mt. Baker, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-08 McKenzie River](2014-08-mr/ "August 9-10, 2014: McKenzie River (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-08 Cady Ridge](2014-08-cr/ "August 2, 2014: Cady Ridge (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-07 Kendall Katwalk](2014-07-kk/ "July 25, 2014: Snoqualmie Pass to Kendall Katwalk (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-07 McNeil Point](2014-07-mp/ "July 17, 2014: McNeil Point & Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-07 Dark Divide](2014-07-dd/ "July 8, 2014: Sunrise Peak & Jumbo Peak (Dark Divide, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-06 Lake Tahoe](2014-06-lt/ "June 21-28, 2014: Lake Tahoe Road Trip") | |
| • [2014-06 Opal Creek](2014-06-oc/ "June 6-7, 2014: Opal Creek & Opal Lake (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-05 Elk+Kings Mountain](2014-05-ekm/ "May 31, 2014: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-05 Eagle Creek](2014-05-ec/ "May 22, 2014: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-05 Catherine Creek](2014-05-cc/ "May 16, 2014: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-05 Mount Pisgah](2014-05-mp/ "May 14, 2014: Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-05 Horse Rock Ridge](2014-05-hrr/ "May 13, 2014: Horse Rock Ridge (Linn County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-04 Swale Canyon](2014-04-sc/ "April 30, 2014: Swale Canyon (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-04 Eastern Gorge](2014-04-eg/ "April 18, 2014: Catherine Creek, Dalles Mountain Road, & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Washington & Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-04 Big Sur](2014-04-bs/ "April 8, 2014: Garrapata State Park (Big Sur, California)") | |
| • [2014-03 Deschutes River](2014-03-dr/ "March 23, 2014: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-03 Lyle Cherry Orchard](2014-03-lco/ "March 12, 2014: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2014-02 White River](2014-02-wr/ "February 22, 2014: White River snowshoeing (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2014-01 Smith Rock](2014-01-sr/ "January 18, 2014: Misery Ridge Loop (Smith Rock State Park, Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2013](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2013-12 Ramona Falls](2013-12-rf/ "December 29, 2013: Ramona Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-11 Wahclella Falls](2013-11-dcf/ "November 30, 2013: Dry Creek Falls & Wahclella Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-11 Cape Falcon](2013-11-cf/ "November 28, 2013: Cape Falcon (Oswald West State Park, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-10 Illumination Saddle](2013-10-is/ "October 25, 2013: Illumination Saddle (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-10 Indian Heaven](2013-10-bm/ "October 19, 2013: Bird Mountain (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-10 Whittier Ridge](2013-10-wr/ "October 6, 2013: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-09 Gothic Basin](2013-09-gb/ "September 11, 2013: Gothic Basin (North Cascades, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-08 Broken Top](2013-08-bt/ "August 31, 2013: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-08 Elk Cove](2013-08-ec/ "August 20, 2013: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-08 Lake Ingalls](2013-08-li/ "August 14, 2013: Lake Ingalls (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-08 Mt. Rainier](2013-08-mrnp/ "August 6, 2013: Paradise & Pinnacle Peak (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-08 Johnston Ridge](2013-08-jr/ "August 3, 2013: Johnston Ridge (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-07 Mount Thielsen](2013-07-mt/ "July 27-28, 2013: Mt. Thielsen & Diamond Lake, Oregon") | |
| • [2013-07 Snow & Gem Lakes](2013-07-sl/ "July 22, 2013: Snow Lake & Gem Lake (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-07 Three-Fingered Jack](2013-07-tfj/ "July 11, 2013: Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-07 Mt. Hood Meadows](2013-07-mhm/ "July 6, 2013: Mt. Hood Meadows & Newton Creek (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-06 Saddle Mountain](2013-06-sm/ "June 28, 2013: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-06 Silver Star Mountain](2013-06-ssm/ "June 22, 2013: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-06 Munra Point](2013-06-mp/ "June 14, 2013: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-06 Tom Dick & Harry](2013-06-tdh/ "June 6, 2013: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2013-05 Dog Mountain](2013-05-dm/ "May 20, 2013: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-05 Hamilton Mountain](2013-05-hm/ "May 10, 2013: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-04 Pinnacles N.P.](2013-04-pnp/ "April 24, 2013: Pinnacles National Park (California)") | |
| • [2013-04 Columbia Hills](2013-04-ch/ "April 21, 2013: Columbia Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2013-03 Kaua'i](2013-03-kauai/ "March 4-11, 2013: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| • [2013-03 The Labyrinth](2013-03-lab/ "March 2, 2013: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2012](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2012-11 Silver Falls](2012-11-sf/ "November 5, 2012: Silver Falls State Park (Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-09 Lava Canyon](2012-09-lc/ "September 16, 2012: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-09 Memaloose Lake](2012-09-ml/ "September 9, 2012: Memaloose Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-09 Jefferson Park](2012-09-jp/ "September 3, 2012: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jeffersion Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-08 Goat Rocks](2012-08-gr/ "August 25, 2012: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-08 Eliot Glacier](2012-08-eg/ "August 19, 2012: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-08 Zigzag Canyon](2012-08-zc/ "August 9, 2012: Sunset at Zigzag Canyon (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-07 Barrett Spur](2012-07-bs/ "July 28, 2012: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-07 McNeil Point](2012-07-mp/ "July 21, 2012: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-07 Silver Star Mountain](2012-07-ssm/ "July 17, 2012: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-07 Mount Lassen](2012-07-ml/ "June 29 - July 2, 2012: Mt. Lassen & vicinity, California") | |
| • [2012-06 Castle Crags](2012-06-cc/ "June 28, 2012: Castle Crags (Shasta County, California)") | |
| • [2012-06 Hardy Ridge](2012-06-hr/ "June 21, 2012: Hardy Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-05 Table Mountain](2012-05-tm/ "May 29, 2012: Table Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-05 Rock of Ages Arch](2012-05-ra/ "May 27, 2012: Rock of Ages Arch & Oneonta Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-05 Dog Mountain](2012-05-dm/ "May 18, 2012: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-05 Munra Point](2012-05-mp/ "May 13, 2012: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-05 Memaloose Hills](2012-05-mh/ "May 6, 2012: Memaloose Hills & Seven-Mile Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-04 Tom McCall Preserve](2012-04-tmp/ "April 23, 2012: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2012-04 Oregon Coast](2012-04-oc/ "April 2012: Oregon Coast (Newport, Boiler Bay, & Cannon Beach)") | |
| • [2012-04 Catherine Creek](2012-04-cc/ "April 2, 2012: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2012-03 San Jose del Cabo](2012-03-sjdc/ "March 4-10, 2012: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico)") | |
| • [2012-02 Cape Lookout](2012-02-cl/ "February 5, 2012: Cape Lookout State Park (Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2011](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2011-10 Sheep Canyon](2011-10-sc/ "October 18, 2011: Sheep Canyon (Mount St. Helens, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-10 Mount Defiance](2011-10-md/ "October 8, 2011: Mount Defiance, Oregon") | |
| • [2011-09 Latourell Falls](2011-09-lf/ "September 30, 2011: Latourell Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-09 Falls Creek Falls](2011-09-fcf/ "September 11, 2011: Falls Creek Falls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-08 Paradise Park](2011-08-pp/ "August 27-28, 2011: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-08 Wahkeena Falls](2011-08-wf/ "August 17, 2011: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-08 Silver Star Mountain](2011-08-ssm/ "August 3, 2011: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-07 McNeil Point](2011-07-mp/ "July 30-31, 2011: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-07 Crater Lake](2011-07-cl/ "July 14-20, 2011: Crater Lake & Northern California") | |
| • [2011-07 Hamilton Mountain](2011-07-hm/ "July 9, 2011: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-07 Saddle Mountain](2011-07-sm/ "July 2, 2011: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-06 Oregon Coast](2011-06-oc/ "June 21-22, 2011: Cannon Beach & Neahkahnie Mountain (Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-06 Angel's Rest](2011-06-ar/ "June 21, 2011: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-06 Elowah Falls](2011-06-ef/ "June 17, 2011: Elowah Falls & Upper McCord Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2011-05 Catherine Creek](2011-05-cc/ "May 18, 2011: Catherine Creek & Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-03 Labyrinth & Dog Mtn.](2011-03-lab/ "March 22, 2011: The Labyrinth & Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2011-01 Gales Creek](2011-01-gc/ "January 27, 2011: Gales Creek (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2010](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2010-12 Newport](2010-12-yh/ "December 24-26, 2010: Newport & Yaquina Head (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2010-11 Coyote Wall](2010-11-cw/ "November 14, 2010: Coyote Wall (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2010-10 Mount Margaret](2010-10-mm/ "October 20, 2010: Mt. Margaret Backcountry (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2010-10 Lemei Rock](2010-10-lr/ "October 2, 2010: Lemei Rock (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2010-09 Mississippi Head](2010-09-mh/ "September 2, 2010: Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2010-08 Vista Ridge](2010-08-vr/ "August 15, 2010: Vista Ridge & Sunset on Mt. Hood, Oregon") | |
| • [2010-07 McNeil Point](2010-07-mp/ "July 23, 2010: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2010-07 Silver Star Mountain](2010-07-ssm/ "July 17, 2010: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2010-07 Summit Creek Falls](2010-07-scf/ "July 1, 2010: Summit Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2010-05 Hood River Mountain](2010-05-hrm/ "May 15, 2010: Hood River Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2010-03 Catherine Creek](2010-03-cc/ "March 18, 2010: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2010-02 The Labyrinth](2010-02-lab/ "February 28, 2010: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2009](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2009-09 Mount Eddy](2009-09-me/ "September 28, 2009: Mount Eddy & Deadfall Lakes (California)") | |
| • [2009-09 Mount Adams](2009-09-ma/ "September 2, 2009: Killen Creek/High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington)") | |
| • [2009-08 Paradise Park](2009-08-pp/ "August 18, 2009: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2009-08 Jefferson Park](2009-08-jp/ "August 11, 2009: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2009-08 McNeil Point](2009-08-mp/ "August 4, 2009: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2009-07 Gnarl Ridge](2009-07-gr/ "July 31, 2009: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2009-06 Silver Star Mountain](2009-06-ssm/ "June 23, 2009: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2009-05 Columbia Hills](2009-05-ch/ "May 11, 2009: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2009-04 Lyle Cherry Orchard](2009-04-lco/ "April 6, 2009: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2009-03 Santa Cruz](2009-03-sc/ "March 17-18, 2009: Santa Cruz (California)") | |
| • [2009-02 San Jose del Cabo](2009-02-sjdc/ "February 5-11, 2009: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2008](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2008-10 Mt. Shasta](2008-10-ms/ "October 12, 2008: Mount Shasta (California)") | |
| • [2008-08 Newton Clark Ridge](2008-08-ncr/ "August 28, 2008: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2008-08 Barrett Spur](2008-08-bs/ "August 12, 2008: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2008-07 Silver Star Mountain](2008-07-ssm/ "July 23, 2008: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2008-06 Cascade Head](2008-06-ch/ "June 22, 2008: Cascade Head (Oregon Coast)") | |
| • [2008-06 Dog Mountain](2008-06-dm/ "June 2, 2008: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2008-05 Alder Springs](2008-05-as/ "May 2, 2008: Alder Springs Trail (Jefferson County, Oregon)") | |
| • [2008-04 Catherine Creek](2008-04-cc/ "April 1, 2008: Catherine Creek (Klickitat County, Washington)") | |
| • [2008-02 Kaua'i](2008-02-kauai/ "January 30 - February 6, 2008: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2007](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2007-11 Mt. St. Helens](2007-11-msh/ "November 3, 2007: Mount St. Helens climb (Washington)") | |
| • [2007-08 Elk Cove](2007-08-ec/ "August 16, 2007: Pinnacle Ridge to Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2007-08 South Sister](2007-08-ss/ "August 9, 2007: South Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2007-08 Jefferson Park](2007-08-jp/ "August 2, 2007: Jefferson Park, Oregon") | |
| • [2007-07 Cooper Spur](2007-07-cs/ "July 26, 2007: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2007-07 McNeil Point](2007-07-mp/ "July 10, 2007: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon)") | |
| • [2007-06 Neahkahnie Mountain](2007-06-nm/ "June 19, 2007: Neahkahnie Mountain, Oregon") | |
| • [2007-06 Larch Mountain](2007-06-lm/ "June 2, 2007: Larch Mountain, Oregon") | |
| • [2007-05 Dog Mountain](2007-05-dm/ "May 17, 2007: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2007-05 Catherine Creek](2007-05-cc/ "May 5, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2007-04 Tom McCall Preserve](2007-04-tmp/ "April 5, 2007: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2007-03 Catherine Creek](2007-03-cc/ "March 16, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2007-01 Kaua'i](2007-01-kauai/ "January 9-16, 2007: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2006](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2006-09 Langille Crags](2006-09-eg/ "September 3, 2006: Langille Crags (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-08 Vista Ridge](2006-08-vr/ "August 20, 2006: Vista Ridge & Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-08 Japanese Garden](2006-08-pjg/ "August 13, 2006: Portland Japanese Garden") | |
| • [2006-08 Mount Adams](2006-08-ma/ "August 4, 2006: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington)") | |
| • [2006-07 Paradise Park](2006-07-pp/ "July 26, 2006: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-07 Pinnacle Ridge](2006-07-pr/ "July 20, 2006: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-07 McNeil Point](2006-07-mp/ "July 9, 2006: Bald Mountain & McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-07 Sisters](2006-07-sis/ "July 2-3, 2006: Sisters & Smith Rock (Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-06 Cone Peak/Iron Mtn.](2006-06-cp/ "June 25-26, 2006: McKenzie River & Cone Peak/Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-06 Silver Star Mountain](2006-06-ssm/ "June 17, 2006: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington)") | |
| • [2006-06 Saddle Mountain](2006-06-sm/ "June 11, 2006: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2006-05 Columbia Hills](2006-05-ch/ "May 4, 2006: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2006-04 Dog Mountain](2006-04-dm/ "April 19, 2006: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2006-04 Catherine Creek](2006-04-cc/ "April 12, 2006: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| • [2006-02 Ghost Ridge](2006-02-gr/ "February 12, 2006: Ghost Ridge/Tri-County Ridge snowshoeing") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2005](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2005-10 Ruckel Ridge](2005-10-rr/ "October 23, 2005: Ruckel Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-10 Lava Canyon](2005-10-lc/ "October 17, 2005: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington)") | |
| • [2005-10 Tamanawas Falls](2005-10-tf/ "October 9, 2005: Tamanawas Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-09 Gnarl Ridge](2005-09-gr/ "September 25, 2005: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-08 Barrett Spur](2005-08-bs/ "August 24, 2005: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-08 Black Crater](2005-08-bc/ "August 13, 2005: Black Crater (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-08 Cathedral Ridge](2005-08-cr/ "August 4, 2005: Cathedral Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-07 Saddle Mountain](2005-07-sm/ "July 30, 2005: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-07 Burnt Lake](2005-07-bl/ "July 26, 2005: Burnt Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-07 Timberline Lodge](2005-07-tl/ "July 23, 2005: Timberline Lodge (Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-07 Cooper Spur](2005-07-cs/ "July 9, 2005: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-07 McNeil Point](2005-07-mp/ "July 14, 2005: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-06 Angel's Rest](2005-06-ar/ "June 25, 2005: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-05 Mirror Lake](2005-05-ml/ "May 28, 2005: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon)") | |
| • [2005-05 Dog Mountain](2005-05-dm/ "May 11, 2005: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington)") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [2000-2004](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [2004-present Portland](knapp/ "Knapp Street, Portland, OR") | |
| • [2004-03 France](2004-03-france/ "March 2-9, 2004: Paris & Alsace, France") | |
| • [2002-03 Kaua'i](2002-03-kauai/ "March 3-11, 2002: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| • [2001-03 Kaua'i](2001-03-kauai/ "March 6-13, 2001: Kaua'i, Hawaii") | |
| • [2000 to 2003](2000-2003/ "Miscellaneous photos from 2000 to 2003") | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [-](javascript:void(0)) | [misc.](javascript:void(0)) |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| • [Favorites](best/ "Adam's favorite photos") | |
| • [Odds & Ends](misc/ "Odds & Ends, 2005-2023") | |
| • [Oregon Coast](coast/ "Oregon Coast Odds & Ends, 2005-2023") | |
|
| |
| [Return to the photo index](./) |
| [Return to AdamSchneider.net](/) |
| |
| | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | | |
| | [Favorites](best/ "Adam's favorite photos [143 photos]") | | [Odds & Ends](misc/ "Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [209 photos]") | | [Oregon Coast](coast/ "Oregon Coast Odds & Ends, 2005-2023 [158 photos]") |
| | [2023-09Wahkeena FallsOregon](2023-09-wf/ "September 12, 2023: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2023-06Blue MountainsWashington (4 albums)](2023-06-bm/ "June 12-15, 2023: Blue Mountains (southeastern Washington) [4 albums]") | | [2023-06Wenatchee MountainsWashington](2023-06-wm/ "June 5-7, 2023: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas & Chelan Counties, Washington) [210 photos]") |
| | [2023-05Bald ButteOregon](2023-05-bb/ "May 28, 2023: Mitchell Point & Bald Butte (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]") | | [2023-05Dog MountainWashington](2023-05-dm/ "May 25, 2023: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]") | | [2023-05Hamilton MountainWashington](2023-05-hm/ "May 18, 2023: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [85 photos]") |
| | [2023-05Columbia PlateauWashington (4 albums)](2023-05-cp/ "May 9-12, 2023: Columbia Plateau (south-central Washington) [4 albums]") | | [2023-05Klickitat Wildlife AreaWashington](2023-05-kwa/ "May 6, 2023: Klickitat Wildlife Area & Glenwood Highway (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]") | | [2023-05Camassia Natural AreaOregon](2023-05-cna/ "May 2, 2023: Camassia Natural Area & Wilderness Park (West Linn, Oregon) [45 photos]") |
| | [2023-04Mill Creek RidgeOregon](2023-04-mcr/ "April 27, 2023: Mill Creek Ridge (Wasco County, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2023-04Sacramento ValleyCalifornia (5 albums)](2023-04-sv/ "April 17-21, 2023: Sacramento Valley (California) [5 albums]") | | [2023-04Mojave DesertCalifornia (7 albums)](2023-04-md/ "April 9-15, 2023: Mojave Desert & Death Valley, California [7 albums]") |
| | [2023-04Lava Beds N.M.California](2023-04-lb/ "April 8, 2023: Lava Beds National Monument (Modoc County, California) [25 photos]") | | [2023-03Catherine CreekWashington](2023-03-cc/ "March 29, 2023: Catherine Creek & Rowland Wall (Klickitat County, Washington) [90 photos]") | | [2023-03Deschutes RiverOregon](2023-03-dr/ "March 17, 2023: Gordon Ridge & Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [60 photos]") |
| | [2023-03Eastern GorgeWashington+Oregon](2023-03-eg/ "March 11, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2023-01Eastern GorgeWashington+Oregon](2023-01-eg/ "January 26 & February 12, 2023: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington & Wasco County, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2022-10Rooster RockOregon](2022-10-rr/ "October 1, 2022: Rooster Rock State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]") |
| | [2022-09Mount AdamsWashington](2022-09-ma/ "September 7, 2022: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [115 photos]") | | [2022-08Guye PeakWashington](2022-08-gp/ "August 31, 2022: Guye Peak (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [42 photos]") | | [2022-08Cathedral RockWashington](2022-08-cr/ "August 30, 2022: Cathedral Rock (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [95 photos]") |
| | [2022-08Obsidian TrailOregon](2022-08-ot/ "August 23, 2022: Obsidian Trail (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]") | | [2022-08Three Creek LakeOregon](2022-08-tcl/ "August 22, 2022: Little Three Creek Lake & Three Creek Lake (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2022-08McNeil PointOregon](2022-08-mp/ "August 16, 2022: McNeil Point, Ho Rock, & Co Rock (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [110 photos]") |
| | [2022-08Naches PeakWashington](2022-08-np/ "August 12, 2022: Naches Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2022-08Tatoosh RangeWashington](2022-08-tr/ "August 11, 2022: Tatoosh Range (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]") | | [2022-08Calapooya MountainsOregon](2022-08-cm/ "August 3-4, 2022: Calapooya Mountains (Umpqua National Forest, Lane County & Douglas County, Oregon) [175 photos]") |
| | [2022-07Angora PeakOregon](2022-07-ap/ "July 29, 2022: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [55 photos]") | | [2022-07Tatie PeakWashington](2022-07-tp/ "July 22, 2022: Harts Pass & Tatie Peak (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]") | | [2022-07Tiffany MountainWashington](2022-07-tm/ "July 20-21, 2022: Tiffany Mountain & Tiffany Highlands (Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [200 photos]") |
| | [2022-07Middle PyramidOregon](2022-07-mp/ "July 8, 2022: Parish Lake, Middle Pyramid, & Park Creek Basin (Linn County, Oregon) [145 photos]") | | [2022-07Mount TownsendWashington](2022-07-mt/ "July 14, 2022: Mount Townsend (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [115 photos]") | | [2022-07Multorpor FenOregon](2022-07-mf/ "July 8, 2022: Multorpor Fen (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2022-07Lake CountyOregon (4 albums)](2022-07-lc/ "July 5-7, 2022: Lake County, Oregon [4 albums]") | | [2022-07Three Corner RockWashington](2022-07-tcr/ "July 1, 2022: Three Corner Rock (Skamania County, Washington) [55 photos]") | | [2022-06Conboy LakeWashington](2022-06-cl/ "June 27, 2022: Conboy Lake N.W.R. & Brooks Memorial State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]") |
| | [2022-06Western CascadesOregon (3 albums)](2022-06-wc/ "June 22-24, 2022: Western Cascades (Lane County, Oregon) [3 albums]") | | [2022-06Wind MountainWashington](2022-06-wm/ "June 15, 2022: Wind Mountain & Dog Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2022-06Southeastern OregonOregon (6 albums)](2022-06-seo/ "June 7-11, 2022: Southeastern Oregon [6 albums]") |
| | [2022-05Oregon CoastOregon](2022-05-oc/ "May 30 - June 2, 2022: Central Oregon Coast (Lincoln County) [115 photos]") | | [2022-05Finley N.W.R.Oregon](2022-05-fnwr/ "May 30, 2022: Finley National Wildlife Refuge (Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2022-05Deschutes RiverOregon](2022-05-dr/ "May 25, 2022: Deschutes River (Wasco County & Jefferson County, Oregon) [100 photos]") |
| | [2022-05Eagle CreekOregon](2022-05-ec/ "May 20, 2022: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [125 photos]") | | [2022-05Idaho/E. OregonIdaho+Oregon (4 albums)](2022-05-id/ "May 10-13, 2022: Western Idaho & Eastern Oregon [4 albums]") | | [2022-05Hood RiverOregon](2022-05-hr/ "May 3, 2022: Hood River Mountain & Mosier (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [90 photos]") |
| | [2022-04Liberty HillOregon](2022-04-lh/ "April 29, 2022: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Columbia County, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2022-04Mima MoundsWashington](2022-04-mm/ "April 29, 2022: Mima Mounds & Scatter Creek (Thurston County, Washington) [35 photos]") | | [2022-04John Day RiverOregon](2022-04-jd/ "April 24-25, 2022: John Day River Basin (North-Central Oregon) [180 photos]") |
| | [2022-04Southern OregonOregon+California (5 albums)](2022-04-so/ "April 4-8, 2022: Southern Oregon & Northern California [5 albums]") | | [2022-03Coburg HillsOregon](2022-03-ch/ "March 26, 2022: Shotgun Creek, Horse Rock Ridge, & Cascadia State Park (Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2022-03Lyle Cherry OrchardWashington](2022-03-lco/ "March 22, 2022: Lyle Cherry Orchard & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]") |
| | [2022-03Criterion TractOregon](2022-03-ct/ "March 16, 2022: BLM Criterion Tract (Wasco County, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2022-03Mill Creek RidgeOregon](2022-03-mcr/ "March 6, 2022: Mill Creek Ridge & Mill Creek Preserve (Wasco County, Oregon) [55 photos]") | | [2022-02Eastern GorgeWashington](2022-02-eg/ "February 10, 2022: Eastern Columbia River Gorge (Klickitat County, Washington) [47 photos]") |
| | [2022-01Dog MountainWashington](2022-01-dm/ "January 21, 2022: Winter on Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2022-01Yaquina HeadOregon](2022-01-yh/ "January 14, 2022: Yaquina Head (Lincoln County, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2021-12Columbia HillsWashington](2021-12-ch/ "December 1, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [30 photos]") |
| | [2021-10Indian HeavenWashington](2021-10-ih/ "October 19, 2021: Thomas Lake & Blue Lake (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [40 photos]") | | [2021-09Mount WashingtonWashington](2021-09-mw/ "September 25, 2021: Mount Washington (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [65 photos]") | | [2021-09Sleeping BeautyWashington](2021-09-sb/ "September 21, 2021: Sleeping Beauty, Steamboat Mountain, & waterfalls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [70 photos]") |
| | [2021-09Columbia RiverOregon (3 albums)](2021-09-cr/ "August 27, September 7, & September 11, 2021: Lower Columbia River, Oregon [3 albums]") | | [2021-09Mt. Hood MeadowsOregon](2021-09-mhm/ "September 3, 2021: Mount Hood Meadows (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2021-08Mt. BakerWashington (3 albums)](2021-08-mb/ "August 10-12, 2021: Mt. Baker Highway (Washington) [3 albums]") |
| | [2021-08Mt. RainierWashington (3 albums)](2021-08-mrnp/ "July 22, August 5, & August 19, 2021: Mt. Rainier National Park (Washington) [3 albums]") | | [2021-07Marmot PassWashington](2021-07-mp/ "July 29, 2021: Marmot Pass & Buckhorn Mountain (Olympic National Forest, Washington) [145 photos]") | | [2021-07Lookout MountainOregon](2021-07-lm/ "July 16, 2021: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]") |
| | [2021-07Blue MountainsOregon (5 albums)](2021-07-bm/ "July 9-12, 2021: Blue Mountains (Oregon) [5 albums]") | | [2021-07Barrett SpurOregon](2021-07-bs/ "July 5, 2021: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]") | | [2021-06Siskiyou MountainsOregon (3 albums)](2021-06-sm/ "June 29 - July 1, 2021: Siskiyou Mountains (Southern Oregon) [3 albums]") |
| | [2021-06Wenatchee MountainsWashington](2021-06-wm/ "June 23-24, 2021: Wenatchee Mountains (Kittitas County, Washington) [200 photos]") | | [2021-06Grassy KnollWashington](2021-06-gk/ "June 17, 2021: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]") | | [2021-06Horse Rock RidgeOregon](2021-06-hrr/ "June 10, 2021: Horse Rock Ridge & Kingston Prairie (Linn County, Oregon) [90 photos]") |
| | [2021-06McCord CreekOregon](2021-06-mc/ "April 22 & June 6, 2021: McCord Creek & Elowah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [85 photos]") | | [2021-06Central OregonOregon (4 albums)](2021-06-co/ "June 2-5, 2021: Central Oregon [4 albums]") | | [2021-05Mount HeboOregon](2021-05-mh/ "May 26, 2021: Mount Hebo (Coast Range, Oregon) [50 photos]") |
| | [2021-05Central WashingtonWashington (4 albums)](2021-05-cw/ "May 17-20, 2021: Central Washington [4 albums]") | | [2021-05Saddle MountainOregon](2021-05-sm/ "May 13, 2021: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]") | | [2021-05Eastern OregonOregon (5 albums)](2021-05-eo/ "May 3-8, 2021: Eastern Oregon [5 albums]") |
| | [2021-04Catherine CreekWashington](2021-04-cc/ "April 27, 2021: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]") | | [2021-04Columbia HillsWashington](2021-04-ch/ "April 19, 2021: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [100 photos]") | | [2021-04Tehama CountyCalifornia](2021-04-tc/ "April 13-14, 2021: Tehama County, California [180 photos]") |
| | [2021-04Southern OregonOregon+California (3 albums)](2021-04-so/ "April 12-17, 2021: Southern Oregon [3 albums]") | | [2021-04Klickitat Wildlife AreaWashington](2021-04-kwa/ "April 6, 2021: Klickitat Wildlife Area (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2021-03Cottonwood CanyonOregon](2021-03-cc/ "March 31, 2021: Cottonwood Canyon State Park (Oregon) [85 photos]") |
| | [2021-03Liberty HillOregon](2021-03-lh/ "March 26, 2021: Liberty Hill (St. Helens, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2021-03Rowena PlateauOregon](2021-03-rp/ "March 17, 2021: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2021-03The DallesOregon+Washington](2021-03-td/ "March 11, 2021: Chenoweth Tableland & Seufert Park (The Dalles, OR), and Devil's Gap (Washington) [70 photos]") |
| | [2021-02Eastern GorgeOregon+Washington](2021-02-eg/ "February 24, 2021: Lower Deschutes River & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2021-01The LabyrinthWashington](2021-01-lab/ "January 7, 2021: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2020-11White River CanyonOregon](2020-11-wr/ "November 1, 2020: White River Canyon & White River Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2020-10Lewis RiverWashington](2020-10-lr/ "October 16, 2020: Lewis River (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2020-10The EnchantmentsWashington](2020-10-ench/ "October 1, 2020: The Enchantments (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2020-09Diamond PeakOregon](2020-09-dp/ "September 3, 2020: Diamond Peak (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [55 photos]") |
| | [2020-08Pinnacle RidgeOregon](2020-08-pr/ "August 29, 2020: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2020-08Mount AdamsWashington](2020-08-ma/ "August 26, 2020: Divide Camp Trail to Adams Glacier & High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]") | | [2020-08Chinook PassWashington](2020-08-cp/ "August 19, 2020: Noble Knob, Yakima Peak, & Naches Peak (Washington) [110 photos]") |
| | [2020-08Three-Fingered JackOregon](2020-08-tfj/ "August 14, 2020: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]") | | [2020-08Sierra NevadaCalifornia+Nevada (5 albums)](2020-08-sn/ "August 4-8, 2020: Sierra Nevada Mountains (California) [5 albums]") | | [2020-07Lake of the AngelsWashington](2020-07-la/ "July 29, 2020: Lake of the Angels (Olympic National Park, Washington) [125 photos]") |
| | [2020-07Browder RidgeOregon](2020-07-br/ "July 23, 2020: Browder Ridge (Western Cascades, Oregon) [105 photos]") | | [2020-07Blue MountainsOregon (3 albums)](2020-07-bm/ "July 15-17, 2020: Blue Mountains, Oregon [3 albums]") | | [2020-07McNeil PointOregon](2020-07-mp/ "July 10, 2020: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [85 photos]") |
| | [2020-07Nasty RockOregon](2020-07-nr/ "July 8, 2020: Nasty Rock & Not Nasty Rock (Western Cascades, Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2020-07Bonney MeadowsOregon](2020-07-bl/ "July 3, 2020: Boulder Lake/Bonney Meadows & Tygh Creek Trail (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]") | | [2020-06Klamath MountainsOregon+California (5 albums)](2020-06-km/ "June 21-25, 2020: Klamath Mountains, Oregon & California [5 albums]") |
| | [2020-06Elk+Kings MountainOregon](2020-06-ekm/ "June 17, 2020: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2020-06Wasco CountyOregon](2020-06-wc/ "June 10, 2020: White River Falls, Deschutes River, Postage Stamp Butte, & Bottle Prairie (Wasco & Hood River Counties, Oregon) [140 photos]") | | [2020-06Table RockOregon](2020-06-tr/ "June 3, 2020: Rooster Rock & Table Rock (Table Rock Wilderness, Oregon) [95 photos]") |
| | [2020-05Cape PerpetuaOregon](2020-05-cp/ "May 27, 2020: Central Oregon Coast: Cape Perpetua, Florence, and Yachats [80 photos]") | | [2020-05Nestor PeakWashington](2020-05-np/ "May 23, 2020: Nestor Peak (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2020-05Klickitat CountyWashington](2020-05-kc/ "May 20, 2020: Brooks Memorial State Park, Klickitat Wildlife Area, & Swale Creek Wildlife Area (Washington) [90 photos]") |
| | [2020-05Rogue ValleyOregon (5 albums)](2020-05-rv/ "May 4-8, 2020: Rogue Valley & Illinois Valley, Oregon [5 albums]") | | [2020-05Canemah BluffOregon](2020-05-cb/ "May 1, 2020: Canemah Bluff Nature Park (Oregon City, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2020-04Mount PisgahOregon](2020-04-mp/ "April 21, 2020: Mount Pisgah & Willow Creek Preserve (Lane County, Oregon) [90 photos]") |
| | [2020-04Deschutes RiverOregon](2020-04-dr/ "April 17, 2020: White River Wildlife Area & Deschutes River (Wasco County, Oregon) [90 photos]") | | [2020-04Spring BasinOregon](2020-04-sb/ "April 10, 2020: Spring Basin Wilderness & Deschutes River (Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2020-03Archer MountainWashington](2020-03-am/ "March 22, 2020: Archer Mountain & Duncan Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2020-03Eastern GorgeWashington](2020-03-eg/ "March 18, 2020: Columbia Hills, Doug's Beach, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2020-03Hamilton MountainWashington](2020-03-hm/ "March 12, 2020: Hamilton Mountain (Beacon Rock State Park, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2020-02Eastern GorgeOregon+Washington](2020-02-eg/ "February 28, 2020: Memaloose Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Lyle Convict Road (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon & Washington) [50 photos]") |
| | [2020-02Coyote WallWashington](2020-02-cw/ "February 12, 2020: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2019-12Cape KiwandaOregon](2019-12-ck/ "December 12, 2019: Cape Kiwanda, Sitka Sedge, & Oceanside (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]") | | [2019-10Siouxon CreekWashington](2019-10-sc/ "October 12, 2019: Siouxon Creek (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]") |
| | [2019-10Capitol Reef N.P.Utah](2019-10-cr/ "October 4-6, 2019: Capitol Reef National Park (Utah) [105 photos]") | | [2019-10Wasatch MountainsUtah](2019-10-wm/ "October 3 & 7, 2019: Mt. Raymond & Mt. Wolverine (Wasatch Mountains, Utah) [95 photos]") | | [2019-09Saddle MountainOregon](2019-09-sm/ "September 12, 2019: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]") |
| | [2019-08Newton Clark RidgeOregon](2019-08-ncr/ "August 31, 2019: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2019-08Goat RocksWashington](2019-08-gr/ "August 19-20, 2019: Walupt Creek Falls & Cispus Pass (Goat Rocks Wilderness, Washington) [90 photos]") | | [2019-08Jefferson ParkOregon](2019-08-jp/ "August 13, 2019: Jefferson Park (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [90 photos]") |
| | [2019-08Spray ParkWashington](2019-08-sp/ "August 6, 2019: Mowich Lake to Spray Park (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [95 photos]") | | [2019-07Southwest ColoradoColorado (8 albums)](2019-07-swco/ "July 24-31, 2019: Southwest Colorado [8 albums]") | | [2019-07Ruby MountainsNevada](2019-07-rm/ "July 22, 2019: Lamoille Canyon (Ruby Mountains, Nevada) [95 photos]") |
| | [2019-07Steens MountainOregon](2019-07-sm/ "July 21, 2019: Steens Mountain (Harney County, Oregon) [155 photos]") | | [2019-07Central OregonOregon](2019-07-co/ "July 20, 2019: Central Oregon: Gray Butte & Crooked River Highway [35 photos]") | | [2019-07Mt. McLoughlinOregon](2019-07-mm/ "July 13, 2019: Mt. McLoughlin (Sky Lakes Wilderness, Oregon) [55 photos]") |
| | [2019-07Coffin MountainOregon](2019-07-cm/ "July 3, 2019: Coffin Mountain & Bachelor Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [120 photos]") | | [2019-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2019-06-ssm/ "June 24, 2019: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2019-06Cascade HeadOregon](2019-06-ch/ "June 17, 2019: Cascade Head & God's Thumb (Oregon Coast) [60 photos]") |
| | [2019-06Wenatchee MountainsWashington (3 albums)](2019-06-wm/ "June 10-12, 2019: Wenatchee Mountains (Washington) [3 albums]") | | [2019-06Wahkeena FallsOregon](2019-06-wf/ "June 3, 2019: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2019-05Central OregonOregon](2019-05-co/ "May 27-30, 2019: Central Oregon [175 photos]") |
| | [2019-05Leidl RidgeWashington](2019-05-lr/ "May 11, 2019: Leidl Ridge (Klickitat Wildlife Area, Washington) [40 photos]") | | [2019-05Central WashingtonWashington](2019-05-cw/ "May 8-10, 2019: Central Washington [200 photos]") | | [2019-05Columbia HillsWashington](2019-05-ch/ "May 4, 2019: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2019-05Baskett Slough etc.Oregon](2019-05-bs/ "May 2-3, 2019: Baskett Slough, Drift Creek Falls, & Newport (Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2019-04Chenoweth TablelandOregon](2019-04-ct/ "April 25, 2019: Chenoweth Tableland (The Dalles, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2019-04Dog MountainWashington](2019-04-dm/ "April 25, 2019: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]") |
| | [2019-04Angel's RestOregon](2019-04-ar/ "April 23, 2019: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2019-04Northern CaliforniaCalifornia (3 albums)](2019-04-nc/ "April 10-14, 2019: Northern California: Santa Cruz, Pinnacles & Henry Coe [3 albums]") | | [2019-04Camassia Natural AreaOregon](2019-04-cna/ "April 6, 22, & 30, 2019: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [60 photos]") |
| | [2019-03Doug's Beach S.P.Washington](2019-03-db/ "March 24, 2019: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]") | | [2019-03Oregon tidepoolsOregon](2019-03-tp/ "March 2019: Tidepools on the Central Oregon Coast [60 photos]") | | [2019-02San DiegoCalifornia](2019-02-sd/ "February 21-22, 2019: San Diego, California [105 photos]") |
| | [2019-02Anza-Borrego DesertCalifornia](2019-02-ab/ "February 19-20, 2019: Anza-Borrego Desert State Park (California) [185 photos]") | | [2018-11Zion/Bryce/EscalanteUtah](2018-11-utah/ "November 22-25, 2018: Southern Utah [155 photos]") | | [2018-10Sandy RiverOregon](2018-10-sr/ "October 19, 2018: Sandy River to Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]") |
| | [2018-08SquamishBritish Columbia](2018-08-bc/ "August 7-9, 2018: Squamish (British Columbia, Canada) [125 photos]") | | [2018-08Mt. BakerWashington](2018-08-mb/ "August 6, 2018: Chain Lakes Trail & Artist Point (Mt. Baker, Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2018-07Sawtooth MountainsIdaho](2018-07-ap/ "July 24, 2018: Sawtooth Lake & Alpine Peak (Sawtooth Mountains, Idaho) [135 photos]") |
| | [2018-07Northern UtahUtah (10 albums)](2018-07-utah/ "July 13-22, 2018: Northern Utah: Wasatch & Uinta Mountains [10 albums]") | | [2018-07Strawberry MountainOregon](2018-07-sm/ "July 11, 2018: Strawberry Mountain (Malheur National Forest, Oregon) [110 photos]") | | [2018-07Ochoco MountainsOregon](2018-07-om/ "July 10, 2018: Ochoco Mountains (Central Oregon) [50 photos]") |
| | [2018-07Mount AixWashington](2018-07-ma/ "July 7, 2018: Mount Aix (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [95 photos]") | | [2018-06Western CascadesOregon](2018-06-wc/ "June 27-28, 2018: Western Cascades (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [115 photos]") | | [2018-06Mt. St. HelensWashington](2018-06-msh/ "June 19, 2018: Truman Trail to Loowit Falls (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [80 photos]") |
| | [2018-06Dome RockOregon](2018-06-dr/ "June 12, 2018: Dome Rock & Sardine Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2018-05Surveyor's RidgeOregon](2018-05-sr/ "May 30, 2018: Surveyor's Ridge & Lookout Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [85 photos]") | | [2018-05Archer MountainWashington](2018-05-am/ "May 23, 2018: Archer Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2018-05Angora PeakOregon](2018-05-ap/ "May 17, 2018: Angora Peak (Clatsop County, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2018-05El Dorado CountyCalifornia](2018-05-edc/ "May 11-12, 2018: El Dorado County, California [130 photos]") | | [2018-05Lacamas ParkWashington](2018-05-lp/ "May 8, 2018: Lacamas Creek Park (Camas, Washington) [48 photos]") |
| | [2018-05Eloise ButlerMinnesota](2018-05-eb/ "May 7, 2018: Eloise Butler Wildflower Garden (Minneapolis, Minnesota) [45 photos]") | | [2018-04Rogue ValleyOregon (5 albums)](2018-04-rv/ "April 18-21, 2018: Rogue Valley & Illinois River (Oregon) [5 albums]") | | [2018-04Rowena PlateauOregon](2018-04-rp/ "April 9, 2018: Rowena Plateau & Rowena Dell (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]") |
| | [2018-03Mount RainierWashington](2018-03-mrnp/ "March 20, 2018: Snowshoeing at Paradise (Mount Rainier National Park, Washington) [40 photos]") | | [2018-03Deschutes RiverOregon](2018-03-dr/ "March 11, 2018: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2018-02Mosier PlateauOregon](2018-02-mp/ "February 7, 2018: Mosier Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2017-12Saddle MountainOregon](2017-12-sm/ "December 10, 2017: Saddle Mountain & Cannon Beach (Oregon Coast) [20 photos]") | | [2017-11Columbia HillsWashington](2017-11-ch/ "November 24, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [35 photos]") | | [2017-10Cape PerpetuaOregon](2017-10-cp/ "October 24, 2017: Cape Perpetua & Newport (Oregon Coast) [40 photos]") |
| | [2017-09Whittier RidgeWashington](2017-09-wr/ "September 27, 2017: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mt. St. Helens, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2017-08Sierra NevadaCalifornia (5 albums)](2017-08-sn/ "August 27-31, 2017: Sierra Nevada, California [5 albums]") | | [2017-08Total EclipseOregon](2017-08-te/ "August 19-21, 2017: Total Eclipse of the Sun, Eastern Oregon [35 photos]") |
| | [2017-08Mount RainierWashington](2017-08-mrnp/ "August 9-10, 2017: Chinook Pass & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [115 photos]") | | [2017-08Gnarl RidgeOregon](2017-08-gr/ "August 4, 2017: Cloud Cap to Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2017-07Vesper PeakWashington](2017-07-nc/ "July 29-30, 2017: Vesper Peak & Mt. Pilchuck (North Cascades, Washington) [90 photos]") |
| | [2017-07Olympic National ParkWashington (3 albums)](2017-07-onp/ "July 17-19, 2017: Olympic National Park, Washington [3 albums]") | | [2017-07Vista RidgeOregon](2017-07-vr/ "July 8, 2017: Vista Ridge to Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2017-07Hamilton MountainWashington](2017-07-hm/ "July 3, 2017: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") |
| | [2017-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2017-06-ssm/ "June 29, 2017: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2017-06Rogue ValleyOregon](2017-06-rv/ "June 21-23, 2017: Rogue River Valley (Oregon) [200 photos]") | | [2017-06Central OregonOregon](2017-06-co/ "June 6-8, 2017: Central Oregon [165 photos]") |
| | [2017-06Dog MountainWashington](2017-06-dm/ "June 5, 2017: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2017-05Finley N.W.R.Oregon](2017-05-fnwr/ "May 22, 2017: Finley National Wildlife Refuge & Mary's Peak (Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2017-05Cottonwood CanyonOregon](2017-05-cc/ "May 19, 2017: Cottonwood Canyon State Park & Seven-Mile Hill (Oregon) [68 photos]") |
| | [2017-05John Day Fossil BedsOregon](2017-05-jd/ "May 6-7, 2017: John Day Fossil Beds & Kingston Prairie (Oregon) [95 photos]") | | [2017-05Eastern UtahUtah (5 albums)](2017-05-utah/ "April 29 - May 7, 2017: Eastern Utah [5 albums]") | | [2017-04Columbia HillsWashington](2017-04-ch/ "April 16 & 29, 2017: Columbia Hills State Park (Klickitat County, Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2017-03Doug's Beach S.P.Washington](2017-03-db/ "March 31, 2017: Doug's Beach State Park (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2017-03Coyote WallWashington](2017-03-cw/ "March 23, 2017: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2017-02High HutWashington](2017-02-hh/ "February 12-13, 2017: High Hut (Tahoma State Forest, Washington) [15 photos]") |
| | [2017-01Kaua'iHawaii](2017-01-kauai/ "January 8-19, 2017: Kaua'i, Hawaii [200 photos]") | | [2016-10Opal CreekOregon](2016-10-oc/ "October 12, 2016: Opal Creek (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2016-09Broken TopOregon](2016-09-bt/ "September 17, 2016: Broken Top (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]") |
| | [2016-08North CascadesWashington](2016-08-nc/ "August 28-29, 2016: North Cascades (Washington) [55 photos]") | | [2016-08The EnchantmentsWashington](2016-08-ench/ "August 27, 2016: Enchantments One-Day Traverse (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [80 photos]") | | [2016-08Elk CoveOregon](2016-08-ec/ "August 17, 2016: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]") |
| | [2016-08Ape CanyonWashington](2016-08-ac/ "August 6, 2016: Ape Canyon & Lava Canyon (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2016-07Cabinet MountainsMontana](2016-07-cm/ "July 31, 2016: Leigh Lake (Cabinet Mountains, Montana) [80 photos]") | | [2016-07Glacier National ParkMontana](2016-07-gnp/ "July 25-30, 2016: Glacier National Park (Montana) [235 photos]") |
| | [2016-07Lookout MountainOregon](2016-07-lm/ "July 16, 2016: Lookout Mountain (Badger Creek Wilderness, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2016-07Shasta-Trinity N.F.California (3 albums)](2016-07-st/ "July 6-8, 2016: Shasta-Trinity National Forest (California) [3 albums]") | | [2016-07Pilot RockOregon](2016-07-pr/ "July 5, 2016: Pilot Rock, Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument (Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2016-07McNeil PointOregon](2016-07-mp/ "July 2, 2016: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2016-06Iron MountainOregon](2016-06-im/ "June 22, 2016: Cone Peak & Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [95 photos]") | | [2016-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2016-06-ssm/ "June 21, 2016: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2016-06Baskett SloughOregon](2016-06-bs/ "June 18, 2016: Baskett Slough N.W.R. (Polk County, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2016-06Saddle MountainOregon](2016-06-sm/ "June 12, 2016: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [85 photos]") | | [2016-06Grassy KnollWashington](2016-06-gk/ "June 7, 2016: Grassy Knoll (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [80 photos]") |
| | [2016-05North Umpqua RiverOregon](2016-05-nur/ "May 28-30, 2016: North Umpqua River (Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2016-05Southern OregonOregon](2016-05-so/ "May 16-19, 2016: Central & Southern Oregon [160 photos]") | | [2016-05Cook HillWashington](2016-05-ch/ "May 12, 2016: Cook Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]") |
| | [2016-05Dog MountainWashington](2016-05-dm/ "May 5, 2016: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [95 photos]") | | [2016-05Tom McCall PreserveOregon](2016-05-tmp/ "May 1, 2016: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2016-04Central WashingtonWashington](2016-04-cw/ "April 18-20, 2016: Central Washington [200 photos]") |
| | [2016-04Eastern GorgeOregon+Washington](2016-04-eg/ "April 9, 2016: Catherine Creek & Dalles Mountain Road (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2016-04Camassia Natural AreaOregon](2016-04-cna/ "April 7 & 15, 2016: Camassia Natural Area (West Linn, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2016-04Munra PointOregon](2016-04-mp/ "April 1, 2016: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2016-03Memaloose HillsOregon](2016-03-mh/ "March 30, 2016: Memaloose Hills & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2016-03Catherine CreekWashington](2016-03-cc/ "March 2, 2016: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [20 photos]") | | [2016-02ArizonaArizona (4 albums)](2016-02-az/ "February 17-23, 2016: Arizona [4 albums]") |
| | [2016-01Hamilton MountainWashington](2016-01-hm/ "January 18, 2016: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2015-11La Barge CanyonArizona](2015-11-lbc/ "November 9, 2015: La Barge Canyon (Superstition Mountains, Arizona) [75 photos]") | | [2015-11SedonaArizona](2015-11-sedona/ "November 8, 2015: Sedona, Arizona [60 photos]") |
| | [2015-10Muddy ForkOregon](2015-10-mf/ "October 15, 2015: Ramona Falls & Muddy Fork (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2015-10Falls Creek CaveWashington](2015-10-fcc/ "October 11, 2015: Falls Creek Cave, Gifford Pinchot N.F., Washington [25 photos]") | | [2015-09Langille CragsOregon](2015-09-lc/ "September 19, 2015: Cloud Cap to Langille Crags & Coe Creek (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]") |
| | [2015-09Stevens PassWashington](2015-09-sp/ "September 11-12, 2015: Stevens Pass & vicinity (Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2015-08Middle SisterOregon](2015-08-ms/ "August 15, 2015: Middle Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2015-07Alta MountainWashington](2015-07-am/ "July 30, 2015: Rachel Lake & Alta Mountain (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2015-07Goat RocksWashington](2015-07-gr/ "July 15, 2015: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [110 photos]") | | [2015-07Mt. RainierWashington](2015-07-mrnp/ "July 7-8, 2015: Paradise & Summerland (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [110 photos]") | | [2015-06Three-Fingered JackOregon](2015-06-tfj/ "June 30, 2015: Canyon Creek Meadows & Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]") |
| | [2015-06Olympic National ParkWashington](2015-06-onp/ "June 24-25, 2015: Olympic National Park (Washington) [130 photos]") | | [2015-06Vista RidgeOregon](2015-06-vr/ "June 18, 2015: Vista Ridge to Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [80 photos]") | | [2015-06Saddle MountainOregon](2015-06-sm/ "June 11, 2015: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [95 photos]") |
| | [2015-06Tom Dick & HarryOregon](2015-06-tdh/ "June 7, 2015: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2015-05Sierra NevadaCalifornia (5 albums)](2015-05-sn/ "May 24-30, 2015: Sierra Nevada Road Trip [5 albums]") | | [2015-05Dog MountainWashington](2015-05-dm/ "May 7, 2015: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") |
| | [2015-04Columbia HillsWashington](2015-04-ch/ "April 16, 2015: Columbia Hills, Klickitat County, Washington [60 photos]") | | [2015-04Siphon DrawArizona](2015-04-sd/ "April 8, 2015: Siphon Draw, Superstition Mountains, Arizona [60 photos]") | | [2015-04Pinnacle PeakArizona](2015-04-pp/ "April 8, 2015: Pinnacle Peak Park (Scottsdale, Arizona) [60 photos]") |
| | [2015-03Indian PointOregon](2015-03-ip/ "March 28, 2015: Indian Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2015-03Mosier PlateauOregon](2015-03-mp/ "March 27, 2015: Mosier Plateau & Memaloose Pinnacles (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2015-03Eagle CreekOregon](2015-03-ec/ "March 18, 2015: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [28 photos]") |
| | [2015-02Big IslandHawaii](2015-02-hawaii/ "February 24 - March 4, 2015: The Big Island of Hawaii [135 photos]") | | [2015-02Coyote WallWashington](2015-02-cw/ "February 11, 2015: Coyote Wall & The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]") | | [2015-01Silver FallsOregon](2015-01-sf/ "January 11, 2015: Silver Falls State Park (Marion County, Oregon) [20 photos]") |
| | [2014-11White River CanyonOregon](2014-11-wr/ "November 8, 2014: Mt. Hood Meadows to White River Canyon & Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2014-10Indian HeavenWashington](2014-10-ih/ "October 19, 2014: Thomas Lake & East Crater (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [35 photos]") | | [2014-10Tamanawas FallsOregon](2014-10-tf/ "October 4-5, 2014: Tamanawas Falls & Timothy Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]") |
| | [2014-09Coldwater PeakWashington](2014-09-cp/ "September 27, 2014: Coldwater Peak (Mt. St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2014-09Eliot GlacierOregon](2014-09-eg/ "September 5, 2014: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2014-08Mt. RainierWashington](2014-08-mrnp/ "August 27, 2014: Sunrise & Paradise (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [80 photos]") |
| | [2014-08North CascadesWashington](2014-08-mp/ "August 19, 2014: Maple Pass (North Cascades National Park, Washington) [65 photos]") | | [2014-08Mt. BakerWashington](2014-08-pb/ "August 18, 2014: Scott Paul Trail & Park Butte (Mt. Baker, Washington) [65 photos]") | | [2014-08McKenzie RiverOregon](2014-08-mr/ "August 9-10, 2014: McKenzie River (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [30 photos]") |
| | [2014-08Cady RidgeWashington](2014-08-cr/ "August 2, 2014: Cady Ridge (Wenatchee National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2014-07Kendall KatwalkWashington](2014-07-kk/ "July 25, 2014: Snoqualmie Pass to Kendall Katwalk (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [70 photos]") | | [2014-07McNeil PointOregon](2014-07-mp/ "July 17, 2014: McNeil Point & Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]") |
| | [2014-07Dark DivideWashington](2014-07-dd/ "July 8, 2014: Sunrise Peak & Jumbo Peak (Dark Divide, Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2014-06Lake TahoeCalifornia (7 albums)](2014-06-lt/ "June 21-28, 2014: Lake Tahoe Road Trip [7 albums]") | | [2014-06Opal CreekOregon](2014-06-oc/ "June 6-7, 2014: Opal Creek & Opal Lake (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [60 photos]") |
| | [2014-05Elk+Kings MountainOregon](2014-05-ekm/ "May 31, 2014: Elk Mountain & Kings Mountain (Tillamook State Forest, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2014-05Eagle CreekOregon](2014-05-ec/ "May 22, 2014: Eagle Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2014-05Catherine CreekWashington](2014-05-cc/ "May 16, 2014: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]") |
| | [2014-05Mount PisgahOregon](2014-05-mp/ "May 14, 2014: Mount Pisgah (Lane County, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2014-05Horse Rock RidgeOregon](2014-05-hrr/ "May 13, 2014: Horse Rock Ridge (Linn County, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2014-04Swale CanyonWashington](2014-04-sc/ "April 30, 2014: Swale Canyon (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2014-04Eastern GorgeWashington+Oregon](2014-04-eg/ "April 18, 2014: Catherine Creek, Dalles Mountain Road, & Rowena Plateau (Columbia River Gorge, Washington & Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2014-04Big SurCalifornia](2014-04-bs/ "April 8, 2014: Garrapata State Park (Big Sur, California) [85 photos]") | | [2014-03Deschutes RiverOregon](2014-03-dr/ "March 23, 2014: Lower Deschutes River (Sherman County, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2014-03Lyle Cherry OrchardWashington](2014-03-lco/ "March 12, 2014: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2014-02White RiverOregon](2014-02-wr/ "February 22, 2014: White River snowshoeing (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2014-01Smith RockOregon](2014-01-sr/ "January 18, 2014: Misery Ridge Loop (Smith Rock State Park, Oregon) [30 photos]") |
| | [2013-12Ramona FallsOregon](2013-12-rf/ "December 29, 2013: Ramona Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [37 photos]") | | [2013-11Wahclella FallsOregon](2013-11-dcf/ "November 30, 2013: Dry Creek Falls & Wahclella Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [15 photos]") | | [2013-11Cape FalconOregon](2013-11-cf/ "November 28, 2013: Cape Falcon (Oswald West State Park, Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2013-10Illumination SaddleOregon](2013-10-is/ "October 25, 2013: Illumination Saddle (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2013-10Indian HeavenWashington](2013-10-bm/ "October 19, 2013: Bird Mountain (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2013-10Whittier RidgeWashington](2013-10-wr/ "October 6, 2013: Whittier Ridge & Lakes Trail (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [75 photos]") |
| | [2013-09Gothic BasinWashington](2013-09-gb/ "September 11, 2013: Gothic Basin (North Cascades, Washington) [80 photos]") | | [2013-08Broken TopOregon](2013-08-bt/ "August 31, 2013: Tam McArthur Rim & Broken Top (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2013-08Elk CoveOregon](2013-08-ec/ "August 20, 2013: Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]") |
| | [2013-08Lake IngallsWashington](2013-08-li/ "August 14, 2013: Lake Ingalls (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [100 photos]") | | [2013-08Mt. RainierWashington](2013-08-mrnp/ "August 6, 2013: Paradise & Pinnacle Peak (Mt. Rainier National Park, Washington) [125 photos]") | | [2013-08Johnston RidgeWashington](2013-08-jr/ "August 3, 2013: Johnston Ridge (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [35 photos]") |
| | [2013-07Mount ThielsenOregon](2013-07-mt/ "July 27-28, 2013: Mt. Thielsen & Diamond Lake, Oregon [80 photos]") | | [2013-07Snow & Gem LakesWashington](2013-07-sl/ "July 22, 2013: Snow Lake & Gem Lake (Alpine Lakes Wilderness, Washington) [55 photos]") | | [2013-07Three-Fingered JackOregon](2013-07-tfj/ "July 11, 2013: Three-Fingered Jack (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [73 photos]") |
| | [2013-07Mt. Hood MeadowsOregon](2013-07-mhm/ "July 6, 2013: Mt. Hood Meadows & Newton Creek (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [47 photos]") | | [2013-06Saddle MountainOregon](2013-06-sm/ "June 28, 2013: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2013-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2013-06-ssm/ "June 22, 2013: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2013-06Munra PointOregon](2013-06-mp/ "June 14, 2013: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2013-06Tom Dick & HarryOregon](2013-06-tdh/ "June 6, 2013: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry Mountain (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2013-05Dog MountainWashington](2013-05-dm/ "May 20, 2013: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2013-05Hamilton MountainWashington](2013-05-hm/ "May 10, 2013: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2013-04Pinnacles N.P.California](2013-04-pnp/ "April 24, 2013: Pinnacles National Park (California) [90 photos]") | | [2013-04Columbia HillsWashington](2013-04-ch/ "April 21, 2013: Columbia Hills, Horsethief Butte, & Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [48 photos]") |
| | [2013-03Kaua'iHawaii](2013-03-kauai/ "March 4-11, 2013: Kaua'i, Hawaii [170 photos]") | | [2013-03The LabyrinthWashington](2013-03-lab/ "March 2, 2013: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2012-11Silver FallsOregon](2012-11-sf/ "November 5, 2012: Silver Falls State Park (Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2012-09Lava CanyonWashington](2012-09-lc/ "September 16, 2012: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2012-09Memaloose LakeOregon](2012-09-ml/ "September 9, 2012: Memaloose Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2012-09Jefferson ParkOregon](2012-09-jp/ "September 3, 2012: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jeffersion Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2012-08Goat RocksWashington](2012-08-gr/ "August 25, 2012: Goat Rocks Wilderness (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]") | | [2012-08Eliot GlacierOregon](2012-08-eg/ "August 19, 2012: Eliot Glacier (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2012-08Zigzag CanyonOregon](2012-08-zc/ "August 9, 2012: Sunset at Zigzag Canyon (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [20 photos]") |
| | [2012-07Barrett SpurOregon](2012-07-bs/ "July 28, 2012: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2012-07McNeil PointOregon](2012-07-mp/ "July 21, 2012: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2012-07Silver Star MountainWashington](2012-07-ssm/ "July 17, 2012: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [35 photos]") |
| | [2012-07Mount LassenCalifornia](2012-07-ml/ "June 29 - July 2, 2012: Mt. Lassen & vicinity, California [125 photos]") | | [2012-06Castle CragsCalifornia](2012-06-cc/ "June 28, 2012: Castle Crags (Shasta County, California) [35 photos]") | | [2012-06Hardy RidgeWashington](2012-06-hr/ "June 21, 2012: Hardy Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]") |
| | [2012-05Table MountainWashington](2012-05-tm/ "May 29, 2012: Table Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [25 photos]") | | [2012-05Rock of Ages ArchOregon](2012-05-ra/ "May 27, 2012: Rock of Ages Arch & Oneonta Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2012-05Dog MountainWashington](2012-05-dm/ "May 18, 2012: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [40 photos]") |
| | [2012-05Munra PointOregon](2012-05-mp/ "May 13, 2012: Munra Point (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2012-05Memaloose HillsOregon](2012-05-mh/ "May 6, 2012: Memaloose Hills & Seven-Mile Hill (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2012-04Tom McCall PreserveOregon](2012-04-tmp/ "April 23, 2012: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]") |
| | [2012-04Oregon CoastOregon](2012-04-oc/ "April 2012: Oregon Coast (Newport, Boiler Bay, & Cannon Beach) [25 photos]") | | [2012-04Catherine CreekWashington](2012-04-cc/ "April 2, 2012: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]") | | [2012-03San Jose del CaboMexico](2012-03-sjdc/ "March 4-10, 2012: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [30 photos]") |
| | [2012-02Cape LookoutOregon](2012-02-cl/ "February 5, 2012: Cape Lookout State Park (Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2011-10Sheep CanyonWashington](2011-10-sc/ "October 18, 2011: Sheep Canyon (Mount St. Helens, Washington) [55 photos]") | | [2011-10Mount DefianceOregon](2011-10-md/ "October 8, 2011: Mount Defiance, Oregon [30 photos]") |
| | [2011-09Latourell FallsOregon](2011-09-lf/ "September 30, 2011: Latourell Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [20 photos]") | | [2011-09Falls Creek FallsWashington](2011-09-fcf/ "September 11, 2011: Falls Creek Falls (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [20 photos]") | | [2011-08Paradise ParkOregon](2011-08-pp/ "August 27-28, 2011: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") |
| | [2011-08Wahkeena FallsOregon](2011-08-wf/ "August 17, 2011: Wahkeena Falls & Multnomah Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2011-08Silver Star MountainWashington](2011-08-ssm/ "August 3, 2011: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2011-07McNeil PointOregon](2011-07-mp/ "July 30-31, 2011: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [50 photos]") |
| | [2011-07Crater LakeOregon+California](2011-07-cl/ "July 14-20, 2011: Crater Lake & Northern California [50 photos]") | | [2011-07Hamilton MountainWashington](2011-07-hm/ "July 9, 2011: Hamilton Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2011-07Saddle MountainOregon](2011-07-sm/ "July 2, 2011: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2011-06Oregon CoastOregon](2011-06-oc/ "June 21-22, 2011: Cannon Beach & Neahkahnie Mountain (Oregon) [53 photos]") | | [2011-06Angel's RestOregon](2011-06-ar/ "June 21, 2011: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2011-06Elowah FallsOregon](2011-06-ef/ "June 17, 2011: Elowah Falls & Upper McCord Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [40 photos]") |
| | [2011-05Catherine CreekWashington](2011-05-cc/ "May 18, 2011: Catherine Creek & Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [44 photos]") | | [2011-03Labyrinth & Dog Mtn.Washington](2011-03-lab/ "March 22, 2011: The Labyrinth & Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2011-01Gales CreekOregon](2011-01-gc/ "January 27, 2011: Gales Creek (Coast Range, Oregon) [28 photos]") |
| | [2010-12NewportOregon](2010-12-yh/ "December 24-26, 2010: Newport & Yaquina Head (Oregon Coast) [34 photos]") | | [2010-11Coyote WallWashington](2010-11-cw/ "November 14, 2010: Coyote Wall (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [15 photos]") | | [2010-10Mount MargaretWashington](2010-10-mm/ "October 20, 2010: Mt. Margaret Backcountry (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [80 photos]") |
| | [2010-10Lemei RockWashington](2010-10-lr/ "October 2, 2010: Lemei Rock (Indian Heaven Wilderness, Washington) [85 photos]") | | [2010-09Mississippi HeadOregon](2010-09-mh/ "September 2, 2010: Mississippi Head (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [54 photos]") | | [2010-08Vista RidgeOregon](2010-08-vr/ "August 15, 2010: Vista Ridge & Sunset on Mt. Hood, Oregon [45 photos]") |
| | [2010-07McNeil PointOregon](2010-07-mp/ "July 23, 2010: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2010-07Silver Star MountainWashington](2010-07-ssm/ "July 17, 2010: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2010-07Summit Creek FallsOregon](2010-07-scf/ "July 1, 2010: Summit Creek Falls (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [17 photos]") |
| | [2010-05Hood River MountainOregon](2010-05-hrm/ "May 15, 2010: Hood River Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2010-03Catherine CreekWashington](2010-03-cc/ "March 18, 2010: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2010-02The LabyrinthWashington](2010-02-lab/ "February 28, 2010: The Labyrinth (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [42 photos]") |
| | [2009-09Mount EddyCalifornia](2009-09-me/ "September 28, 2009: Mount Eddy & Deadfall Lakes (California) [55 photos]") | | [2009-09Mount AdamsWashington](2009-09-ma/ "September 2, 2009: Killen Creek/High Camp (Mt. Adams Wilderness, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2009-08Paradise ParkOregon](2009-08-pp/ "August 18, 2009: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]") |
| | [2009-08Jefferson ParkOregon](2009-08-jp/ "August 11, 2009: Jefferson Park (Mt. Jefferson Wilderness, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2009-08McNeil PointOregon](2009-08-mp/ "August 4, 2009: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2009-07Gnarl RidgeOregon](2009-07-gr/ "July 31, 2009: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2009-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2009-06-ssm/ "June 23, 2009: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2009-05Columbia HillsWashington](2009-05-ch/ "May 11, 2009: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [35 photos]") | | [2009-04Lyle Cherry OrchardWashington](2009-04-lco/ "April 6, 2009: Lyle Cherry Orchard (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2009-03Santa CruzCalifornia](2009-03-sc/ "March 17-18, 2009: Santa Cruz (California) [50 photos]") | | [2009-02San Jose del CaboMexico](2009-02-sjdc/ "February 5-11, 2009: San José del Cabo (Baja California Sur, Mexico) [85 photos]") | | [2008-10Mt. ShastaCalifornia](2008-10-ms/ "October 12, 2008: Mount Shasta (California) [25 photos]") |
| | [2008-08Newton Clark RidgeOregon](2008-08-ncr/ "August 28, 2008: Newton Clark Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2008-08Barrett SpurOregon](2008-08-bs/ "August 12, 2008: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2008-07Silver Star MountainWashington](2008-07-ssm/ "July 23, 2008: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [100 photos]") |
| | [2008-06Cascade HeadOregon](2008-06-ch/ "June 22, 2008: Cascade Head (Oregon Coast) [35 photos]") | | [2008-06Dog MountainWashington](2008-06-dm/ "June 2, 2008: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [65 photos]") | | [2008-05Alder SpringsOregon](2008-05-as/ "May 2, 2008: Alder Springs Trail (Jefferson County, Oregon) [75 photos]") |
| | [2008-04Catherine CreekWashington](2008-04-cc/ "April 1, 2008: Catherine Creek (Klickitat County, Washington) [55 photos]") | | [2008-02Kaua'iHawaii](2008-02-kauai/ "January 30 - February 6, 2008: Kaua'i, Hawaii [60 photos]") | | [2007-11Mt. St. HelensWashington](2007-11-msh/ "November 3, 2007: Mount St. Helens climb (Washington) [60 photos]") |
| | [2007-08Elk CoveOregon](2007-08-ec/ "August 16, 2007: Pinnacle Ridge to Elk Cove (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2007-08South SisterOregon](2007-08-ss/ "August 9, 2007: South Sister (Three Sisters Wilderness, Oregon) [75 photos]") | | [2007-08Jefferson ParkOregon](2007-08-jp/ "August 2, 2007: Jefferson Park, Oregon [65 photos]") |
| | [2007-07Cooper SpurOregon](2007-07-cs/ "July 26, 2007: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2007-07McNeil PointOregon](2007-07-mp/ "July 10, 2007: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood, Oregon) [65 photos]") | | [2007-06Neahkahnie MountainOregon](2007-06-nm/ "June 19, 2007: Neahkahnie Mountain, Oregon [35 photos]") |
| | [2007-06Larch MountainOregon](2007-06-lm/ "June 2, 2007: Larch Mountain, Oregon [40 photos]") | | [2007-05Dog MountainWashington](2007-05-dm/ "May 17, 2007: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2007-05Catherine CreekWashington](2007-05-cc/ "May 5, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [29 photos]") |
| | [2007-04Tom McCall PreserveOregon](2007-04-tmp/ "April 5, 2007: Tom McCall Preserve (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [55 photos]") | | [2007-03Catherine CreekWashington](2007-03-cc/ "March 16, 2007: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2007-01Kaua'iHawaii](2007-01-kauai/ "January 9-16, 2007: Kaua'i, Hawaii [80 photos]") |
| | [2006-09Langille CragsOregon](2006-09-eg/ "September 3, 2006: Langille Crags (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2006-08Vista RidgeOregon](2006-08-vr/ "August 20, 2006: Vista Ridge & Eden Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [45 photos]") | | [2006-08Japanese GardenOregon](2006-08-pjg/ "August 13, 2006: Portland Japanese Garden [20 photos]") |
| | [2006-08Mount AdamsWashington](2006-08-ma/ "August 4, 2006: Bird Creek Meadows, Mt. Adams (Yakama Reservation, Washington) [70 photos]") | | [2006-07Paradise ParkOregon](2006-07-pp/ "July 26, 2006: Paradise Park (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [70 photos]") | | [2006-07Pinnacle RidgeOregon](2006-07-pr/ "July 20, 2006: Pinnacle Ridge Trail (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [30 photos]") |
| | [2006-07McNeil PointOregon](2006-07-mp/ "July 9, 2006: Bald Mountain & McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [100 photos]") | | [2006-07SistersOregon](2006-07-sis/ "July 2-3, 2006: Sisters & Smith Rock (Oregon) [50 photos]") | | [2006-06Cone Peak/Iron Mtn.Oregon](2006-06-cp/ "June 25-26, 2006: McKenzie River & Cone Peak/Iron Mountain (Willamette National Forest, Oregon) [75 photos]") |
| | [2006-06Silver Star MountainWashington](2006-06-ssm/ "June 17, 2006: Silver Star Mountain (Gifford Pinchot National Forest, Washington) [60 photos]") | | [2006-06Saddle MountainOregon](2006-06-sm/ "June 11, 2006: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [60 photos]") | | [2006-05Columbia HillsWashington](2006-05-ch/ "May 4, 2006: Columbia Hills (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [55 photos]") |
| | [2006-04Dog MountainWashington](2006-04-dm/ "April 19, 2006: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [45 photos]") | | [2006-04Catherine CreekWashington](2006-04-cc/ "April 12, 2006: Catherine Creek (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [50 photos]") | | [2006-02Ghost RidgeOregon](2006-02-gr/ "February 12, 2006: Ghost Ridge/Tri-County Ridge snowshoeing [20 photos]") |
| | [2005-10Ruckel RidgeOregon](2005-10-rr/ "October 23, 2005: Ruckel Ridge (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [30 photos]") | | [2005-10Lava CanyonWashington](2005-10-lc/ "October 17, 2005: Lava Canyon (Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument, Washington) [30 photos]") | | [2005-10Tamanawas FallsOregon](2005-10-tf/ "October 9, 2005: Tamanawas Falls (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [22 photos]") |
| | [2005-09Gnarl RidgeOregon](2005-09-gr/ "September 25, 2005: Gnarl Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2005-08Barrett SpurOregon](2005-08-bs/ "August 24, 2005: Barrett Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [25 photos]") | | [2005-08Black CraterOregon](2005-08-bc/ "August 13, 2005: Black Crater (Deschutes National Forest, Oregon) [23 photos]") |
| | [2005-08Cathedral RidgeOregon](2005-08-cr/ "August 4, 2005: Cathedral Ridge (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2005-07Saddle MountainOregon](2005-07-sm/ "July 30, 2005: Saddle Mountain (Coast Range, Oregon) [24 photos]") | | [2005-07Burnt LakeOregon](2005-07-bl/ "July 26, 2005: Burnt Lake (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [25 photos]") |
| | [2005-07Timberline LodgeOregon](2005-07-tl/ "July 23, 2005: Timberline Lodge (Oregon) [15 photos]") | | [2005-07Cooper SpurOregon](2005-07-cs/ "July 9, 2005: Cooper Spur (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [40 photos]") | | [2005-07McNeil PointOregon](2005-07-mp/ "July 14, 2005: McNeil Point (Mt. Hood Wilderness, Oregon) [35 photos]") |
| | [2005-06Angel's RestOregon](2005-06-ar/ "June 25, 2005: Angel's Rest (Columbia River Gorge, Oregon) [18 photos]") | | [2005-05Mirror LakeOregon](2005-05-ml/ "May 28, 2005: Mirror Lake & Tom Dick and Harry (Mt. Hood National Forest, Oregon) [19 photos]") | | [2005-05Dog MountainWashington](2005-05-dm/ "May 11, 2005: Dog Mountain (Columbia River Gorge, Washington) [10 photos]") |
| | [2004-presentPortlandOregon](knapp/ "Knapp Street, Portland, OR [53 photos]") | | [2004-03France](2004-03-france/ "March 2-9, 2004: Paris & Alsace, France [28 photos]") | | [2002-03Kaua'iHawaii](2002-03-kauai/ "March 3-11, 2002: Kaua'i, Hawaii [146 photos]") |
| | [2001-03Kaua'iHawaii](2001-03-kauai/ "March 6-13, 2001: Kaua'i, Hawaii [145 photos]") | | [2000 to 2003](2000-2003/ "Miscellaneous photos from 2000 to 2003 [75 photos]") | | |
| |
| | |
| | |
All content is the property of [Adam Schneider](../). If you'd like to use any of these images in an on-line or published work, contact me at schneider pobox com. Larger, un-watermarked versions of most photos are available.
|
| https://adamschneider.net/photos/ |
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Gin´s refuge hut
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| **Gin´s refuge hut**
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<head>
<title>United Computer Wizards</title>
<link rel=stylesheet title=Default href="ucw.css" type="text/css" media=all>
</head>
<h1>United Computer Wizards</h1>
<p style="text-align: center; font-size: smaller">Est(imated) 1994</p>
<br>
<h2>Personal Homepages of Wizards and Witches</h2>
<img style="float: right; margin-right: 3em" src="cb.jpg" width=427 height=341>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://michal.bdnet.cz/">Michal Bejček</a>
<li><a href="http://gavento.ucw.cz/">Tomáš Gavenčiak</a>
<li><a href="http://metan.ucw.cz/">Cyril Hrubiš</a>
<li><a href="/~hubicka/">Jan Hubička</a>
<li><a href="http://www.karryanna.cz/">Karryanna</a>
<li><a href="http://mj.ucw.cz/">Martin Mareš</a>
<li><a href="http://www.anicka.net/">Anička Marešová</a>
<li><a href="http://mq.ucw.cz/">Maria Matějka</a>
<li><a href="/~jerome/">Honza Poláček</a>
<li><a href="/~0rfelyus/">Dan Škarda</a>
<li><a href="/~robert/">Robert Špalek</a>
<li><a href="http://fox.ucw.cz/">Milan Straka</a>
<li><a href="/~tom/">Tomáš Valla</a>
<li><a href="http://vorner.ucw.cz/">Michal Vaner</a>
</ul>
<h2>Projects</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/holmes/">Sherlock Holmes</a>
<li><a href="/libucw/">LibUCW</a>
<li><a href="/lestrade/">Lestrade</a>
<li><a href="http://vrr.ucw.cz/">Vrr</a>
<li><a href="http://pci-ids.ucw.cz/">PCI ID repository</a>
<li><a href="http://sechtl-vosecek.ucw.cz/">Šechtl-Voseček Museum of Photography</a>
<li><a href="http://podrate.ucw.cz/">Po drátě</a>
<li><a href="http://po.skole.cz/">Po škole</a>
</ul>
<h2>Mailing lists</h2>
<p>See our <a href="/mailman3/">list server</a>.
<h2>The Trap</h2>
<p>Please avoid sending any mail to these addresses unless you want to be a victim
of our mail filter. Automated robots of spammers are of course welcome to gather
as many addresses as they can carry :-)
<ul>
<li><a href="mailto:oook@uu.ucw.cz">oook@uu.ucw.cz</a> – The Librarian
<li><a href="mailto:aardvark@uu.ucw.cz">aardvark@uu.ucw.cz</a> – Aardvark (a large burrowing nocturnal ungulate mammal)
<li><a href="mailto:zzero@uu.ucw.cz">zzero@uu.ucw.cz</a> – A lexicographically large mailing list with zero members
<li><a href="http://uu.ucw.cz/">The list continues here</a>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><a href="/~mj/">Martin Mares</a> made me in May 2004.
<p>Thanks to <a href="http://www.centrum.cz/">Centrum.CZ</a> for feeding us with electricity,
network connectivity and rack space.
</body>
</html>
|
United Computer Wizards
# United Computer Wizards
Est(imated) 1994
## Personal Homepages of Wizards and Witches
* [Michal Bejček](http://michal.bdnet.cz/)* [Tomáš Gavenčiak](http://gavento.ucw.cz/)* [Cyril Hrubiš](http://metan.ucw.cz/)* [Jan Hubička](/~hubicka/)* [Karryanna](http://www.karryanna.cz/)* [Martin Mareš](http://mj.ucw.cz/)* [Anička Marešová](http://www.anicka.net/)* [Maria Matějka](http://mq.ucw.cz/)* [Honza Poláček](/~jerome/)* [Dan Škarda](/~0rfelyus/)* [Robert Špalek](/~robert/)* [Milan Straka](http://fox.ucw.cz/)* [Tomáš Valla](/~tom/)* [Michal Vaner](http://vorner.ucw.cz/)
## Projects
* [Sherlock Holmes](/holmes/)* [LibUCW](/libucw/)* [Lestrade](/lestrade/)* [Vrr](http://vrr.ucw.cz/)* [PCI ID repository](http://pci-ids.ucw.cz/)* [Šechtl-Voseček Museum of Photography](http://sechtl-vosecek.ucw.cz/)* [Po drátě](http://podrate.ucw.cz/)* [Po škole](http://po.skole.cz/)
## Mailing lists
See our [list server](/mailman3/).
## The Trap
Please avoid sending any mail to these addresses unless you want to be a victim
of our mail filter. Automated robots of spammers are of course welcome to gather
as many addresses as they can carry :-)
* [oook@uu.ucw.cz](mailto:oook@uu.ucw.cz) – The Librarian
* [aardvark@uu.ucw.cz](mailto:aardvark@uu.ucw.cz) – Aardvark (a large burrowing nocturnal ungulate mammal)
* [zzero@uu.ucw.cz](mailto:zzero@uu.ucw.cz) – A lexicographically large mailing list with zero members
* [The list continues here](http://uu.ucw.cz/)
---
[Martin Mares](/~mj/) made me in May 2004.
Thanks to [Centrum.CZ](http://www.centrum.cz/) for feeding us with electricity,
network connectivity and rack space.
| http://www.ucw.cz/ |
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<p><font face="Bookman Old Style">The mission of AmericanLongrifles.org is to promote, preserve and support the traditional art and craft of building, collecting and using the American Longrifle. This would include accouterments and related arms of the period.<br />
<br />
While the term American Longrifle may include a large and diverse group of firearms including those made for military and experimental reasons; the focus of the board is only those arms made primarily as sporting arms and utilizing a side lock ignition system.<br />
<br />
<i>Forum topics or discussions not in the spirit of the site's Mission Statement will be deleted or moved to an appropriate forum at the discretion of the moderators. We wish to keep forum discussions very close to the Mission Statement shown above.</i></font></p>
<p><a href="american-longrifle-kentucky-rifle-story.htm"><font face="Bookman Old Style">American Longrifles</font></a><font face="Bookman Old Style"> is the more accurate term for the class of uniquely American firearms better known as Kentucky or Pennsylvania rifles. While the focus of this site is the American long rifle in all its incarnations, it is also a home for all those crafts persons preserving a bit of the past by building traditional muzzle loading sporting firearms and their accoutrements. The mission of AmericanLongrifles.com is to promote and support the art and craft of building historically accurate long rifles, related firearms, and accoutrements of the highest quality and artistic merit. </font></p>
<p><font face="Bookman Old Style">Whether you are an apprentice or a master at your craft, AmericanLongrifles.com has something to offer. The </font> <a href="Books_frame.htm" target="_parent"> <font face="Bookman Old Style">Books & Videos</font></a><font face="Bookman Old Style">, </font> <a href="WorkShop_frame.htm" target="_parent"> <font face="Bookman Old Style">Gun Building</font></a><font face="Bookman Old Style">, and </font> <a href="Web_links_frame.htm" target="_parent"> <font face="Bookman Old Style">Web Links</font></a><font face="Bookman Old Style">, pages of this site, offer the novice gun builder all the information and resources they need to get started building historically accurate long rifles. The </font> <a href="american-longrifles-BBS-frame.htm" target="_parent"> <font face="Bookman Old Style">Bulletin Board</font></a><font face="Bookman Old Style"> offers advice, encouragement, and camaraderie to the novice and experienced builder alike. It is our hope that each visitor gets as much from AmericanLongrifles.org as we have gotten by providing the site.</font></p>
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American Longrifles - Home - a site dedicated to the study and building of the American longrifle
| |
| --- |
| AmericanLongrifles.org |
| | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [**Welcome**](index.htm) | [**Books & Videos**](Books_frame.htm) | [**Gun Building**](WorkShop_frame.htm) | [**Web Links**](Web_links_frame.htm) | [**ALR Archives**](http://www.americanlongrifles.org/old_board) | [**ALR Forum**](http://www.americanlongrifles.org/forum) | [**American Gunmaker Library**](http://americanlongrifles.org/forum/index.php?board=21.0) |
| [**Policies**](american-longrifles-privacy-policy-2.htm) | [**FAQs**](American-longrifles-faq.htm) | [**The American Longrifle**](american-longrifle-kentucky-rifle-story.htm) | [**Feedback**](american-longrifles-Feedback.htm) | [**Donations**](american-longrifles-Donations.htm) |
>
>
> >
> >
> > >
> > > **Welcome to AmericanLongrifles.org**
> > >
> > >
> > > **Mission Statement**
> > > The mission of AmericanLongrifles.org is to promote, preserve and support the traditional art and craft of building, collecting and using the American Longrifle. This would include accouterments and related arms of the period.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > While the term American Longrifle may include a large and diverse group of firearms including those made for military and experimental reasons; the focus of the board is only those arms made primarily as sporting arms and utilizing a side lock ignition system.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > *Forum topics or discussions not in the spirit of the site's Mission Statement will be deleted or moved to an appropriate forum at the discretion of the moderators. We wish to keep forum discussions very close to the Mission Statement shown above.*
> > >
> > >
> > > [American Longrifles](american-longrifle-kentucky-rifle-story.htm) is the more accurate term for the class of uniquely American firearms better known as Kentucky or Pennsylvania rifles. While the focus of this site is the American long rifle in all its incarnations, it is also a home for all those crafts persons preserving a bit of the past by building traditional muzzle loading sporting firearms and their accoutrements. The mission of AmericanLongrifles.com is to promote and support the art and craft of building historically accurate long rifles, related firearms, and accoutrements of the highest quality and artistic merit.
> > >
> > >
> > > Whether you are an apprentice or a master at your craft, AmericanLongrifles.com has something to offer. The [Books & Videos](Books_frame.htm), [Gun Building](WorkShop_frame.htm), and [Web Links](Web_links_frame.htm), pages of this site, offer the novice gun builder all the information and resources they need to get started building historically accurate long rifles. The [Bulletin Board](american-longrifles-BBS-frame.htm) offers advice, encouragement, and camaraderie to the novice and experienced builder alike. It is our hope that each visitor gets as much from AmericanLongrifles.org as we have gotten by providing the site.
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
>
>
> >
> >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > > | |
> > > | --- |
> > > | |
> > > | |
> > > | |
> > >
> > >
> > >
> >
> >
> >
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>
| https://www.americanlongrifles.com/ |
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<li class="middle"><a class="unselected" href="christmas.html">Christmas </a></li>
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<h1>Welcome </h1>
<p align="right"><a href="mystoryimages/snowflake.jpg"><img src="mystoryimages/snowflaker.jpg" alt="Snowflake silver cow creamer"
width="200" height="150" hspace="5" border="0" align="right"></a></p>
<p>I initially launched this site â with the able assistance of (first) my daughter-in-law
and (now) my son webmaster â for two reasons. The first was to share my fascination with the
numberless ways in which such a straightforward thing as a cow can be represented in the
form of a creamer. The second was to invite others to help me pinpoint more specifically the
origin and provenance of the many creamers that I own but havenât been able to trace. Most
come with little or no information and even generic terms like âStaffordshireâ or âDelftâ
can be misleading; and in spite of several web sites that help with hallmarks and makers
marks, there are many that are unmarked or with marks that I havenât been able to
locate.</p>
<p>Over time however Iâve found a third reason to maintain and upgrade the site: my web
searches to trace the creamers have given me many fascinating hours of fun learning about
history, geography, pottery in general, and even evolution. Iâve tried to share some of the
interesting things that Iâve learned in these web pagesâ¦starting with a bit about when,
where, and maybe even why people started making these things, in the section on
âHistoryâ.</p>
<p>Iâve also found that Iâm not alone â there are indeed other cow creamer collectors, and
even more folks who have inherited one or more from a relative and want to learn a bit about
it. Iâm always delighted to converse with other collectors, and more than happy to try to
help folks identify what they have. This works best of course if you send me a picture, but
again the caveat is that I myself have little idea about the maker, or even the age, of many
in my own collection. One touchy subject is value. About all I am either able or willing
to do is tell roughly what I have paid for an item, and when and where I got it, which is
often eBay. Even this can be way off the mark, since eBay itself has had such a significant
impact on price, and also because some eBay sellers have really weird ideas about what their
items might be worth; Iâve gotten some bargains, but probably have overpaid just as often.
When I had to scour the antique shops for cow creamers it was hard to impossible to figure
out what was rare and what was common. Itâs a lot easier now, and in many cases what I was
originally excited to find, turns out to be pretty routine. The Jackfield creamers are a
good example of this. When I lived in the UK (1995 and 1996) Iâd very rarely see one, but
now there are almost always 10-20 or more on offer on eBay. So if you do want to ask me for
advice, please be patient because I donât always have ready access to email, and donât
expect anything more than very rough estimates about how much something may be worth.
Indeed, your best bet is to start by looking for similar items on eBay.</p>
<h2>Themes</h2>
<p>With over a thousand cow creamers in the collection, plus assorted other cows that fit my
basic two-hole rule (<a href="mystory.html">see My Story</a>), Iâve tried to put some order
into their presentation on this website. First, there are categories for the older or
classic ones:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><strong><a href="silver.html">Silver</a></strong><a href="silver.html">,</a> starting
with two examples made by John Schuppe in the 1760âs, and including some modern creamers
as well</li>
<li><strong><a href="staffordshire.html">Staffordshire</a>, </strong>or more properly 18th
and 19th century British cow creamers (with a couple newer ones), plus separate
sub-sections on <strong><span class="style2"><a href="staffordshire.htm#Welsh">Welsh
Ceramics</a></span></strong> from the potteries in Swansea,
and <a href="staffordshire.htm#Spill"><span class="style2">Spill Vases</span></a> which
were made to hold paper tapers or wood slivers used for transferring fire but which also
were designed to serve as creamers.</li>
<li><strong><a href="jackfield.html">Jackfield</a></strong>, which probably could be lumped
with Staffordshire but that have a distinctive black glaze and gold gilding</li>
<li><strong><a href="bennington.html">Bennington, </a></strong>which is sometimes termed
Rockingham for the caramel glaze</li>
<li><strong><a href="delft.html">Delft</a></strong>, for both older and new creamers marked
Delft, Holland, or in the typical Delft blue and white styling</li>
<li><strong><a href="faience.html">Faience</a></strong>, for a few examples of classic and
older cows </li>
</ul>
<p>Then there are a lot of more modern ones, nominally 20c and 21c Here, Iâve tried to put a bit of order
into things in the following way:</p>
<ul type="disc">
<li><strong><a href="places.html">Places, or Countries of Origin</a></strong>: examples
that seem typical of a countryâs style</li>
<li><strong><a href="favbrands.html">Favorite Brands</a></strong>:Â Examples from makers or
factories that have produced a number of interesting cow creamers, e.g. Schafer and Vater,
Royal Bayreuth, Fitz and Floyd, and Goebel</li>
<li><strong><a href="advertising.html">Advertising and Souvenirs</a></strong>:Â Creamers
made to promote products (the most famous is Bordenâs Elsie), or with pictures or slogans
of places (e.g., Niagara Falls)</li>
<li><strong><a href="modern_variation.html">Modern Variations</a></strong>:Â This is the
biggest category, with an eclectic assortment of interpretations, many of which are
unmarked. If thereâs also a teapot or pitcher that matches, Iâve put them in those
categories.</li>
<li><strong><a href="sugar_creamers.html">Creamers and
Sugars</a></strong><a href="sugar_creamers.html">:Â </a> More âmodern variationsâ, but
enough of them that theyâre best kept separate.</li>
<li><strong><a href="heads.html">Heads</a></strong><a href="heads.html">:</a>Â I think these
deserve a category of their ownâ¦there will be some overlap, e.g. with Royal Bayreuth and
Elsie</li>
<li><strong><a href="miniature.html">Miniatures</a></strong><a href="miniature.html">:</a>Â
Many of these are doll-house (1/12) scale, some are a bit larger but still too tiny for
real use</li>
<li><strong><a href="christmas.html">Christmas</a></strong><a href="christmas.html">:</a>Â
Santa cow, etc. Enough of them, especially teapots and pitchers, to single them
out. </li>
<li><strong><a href="pitchers.html">Pitchers</a></strong><a href="pitchers.html">:Â </a>Just
too darn big for creamâ¦but designed to pour, most likely milk or water, but in some cases
wine. Most follow the two-hole rule, but there are a few that were too neat to resist
that donât. </li>
<li><strong><a href="suiteki.html">Suiteki or Water
Droppers</a></strong><a href="pitchers.html">:</a> This is a later addition to the
collection, of interest to me because they meet the âtwo holeâ rule, and because I wanted
some traditional versions of a cow, bull or ox from the lactose intolerant populations of
the Far East. <br>
</li>
<li><strong><a href="teapots.html">Teapots</a></strong><a href="teapots.html">:</a>Â They
fit the rule! And, theyâre fun. I have over 200 of these, which is a good sized collection in and of
itself.Â
Many of them also have creamers and sugars as a set.</li>
<li><strong><a href="rhytons.html">Rhytons and other Liquid
dispensers:</a>Â </strong>This somewhat eclectic category includes modern
reproductions of ancient rhytons (see the History page), as well as some cow and bull shaped
cruets and vessels designed for wine, oil and vinegar, liquor, that didn't fit well elsewhere. It also
contains a separate area for Nandi because like Rhytons they are used for ritualistic purposes.</li>
<li><a href="teapots.htm#Nandi" class="style1">Nandi </a>(Shivaâs Bull) â Hindu holy water
pot. These are included with Rhytons because of their religious use. This section also
includes a number of holy cow and bull vessels used for other purposes in Hindu
temples.</li>
<li><strong><a href="teasets.html">Tea Sets:</a></strong>Â Some of these include real cow
creamers; but Iâve also included a number of the resin âcollectiblesâ.</li>
<li><strong><a href="wateringcans.html">Watering
cans</a></strong><a href="wateringcans.html">: </a> What can I say? They do have two (more
than two actually) holes.</li>
</ul>
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Welcome to Craig's Cow Creamers - Home
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|
The Web
Craig's Cow Creamers
text image reads Craig's Cow creamers
* [Home](index.html)
* [My Story](mystory.html)
* [History](history.html)
* [Care and Feeding](care_and_feeding.html)
* [Email Craig](mailto:craig@cow-creamers.net)
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* [Advertising](advertising.html)
* [Bennington](bennington.html)
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* [Rhytons](rhytons.html)
* [Silver](silver.html)
* [Staffordshire](staffordshire.html)
* [Sugar and Creamers](sugar_creamers.html)
* [Suiteki](suiteki.html)
* [Teapots](teapots.html)
* [Tea Sets](teasets.html)
* [Watering Cans](wateringcans.html)
Welcome
[Snowflake silver cow creamer](mystoryimages/snowflake.jpg)
I initially launched this site â with the able assistance of (first) my daughter-in-law
and (now) my son webmaster â for two reasons. The first was to share my fascination with the
numberless ways in which such a straightforward thing as a cow can be represented in the
form of a creamer. The second was to invite others to help me pinpoint more specifically the
origin and provenance of the many creamers that I own but havenât been able to trace. Most
come with little or no information and even generic terms like âStaffordshireâ or âDelftâ
can be misleading; and in spite of several web sites that help with hallmarks and makers
marks, there are many that are unmarked or with marks that I havenât been able to
locate.
Over time however Iâve found a third reason to maintain and upgrade the site: my web
searches to trace the creamers have given me many fascinating hours of fun learning about
history, geography, pottery in general, and even evolution. Iâve tried to share some of the
interesting things that Iâve learned in these web pagesâ¦starting with a bit about when,
where, and maybe even why people started making these things, in the section on
âHistoryâ.
Iâve also found that Iâm not alone â there are indeed other cow creamer collectors, and
even more folks who have inherited one or more from a relative and want to learn a bit about
it. Iâm always delighted to converse with other collectors, and more than happy to try to
help folks identify what they have. This works best of course if you send me a picture, but
again the caveat is that I myself have little idea about the maker, or even the age, of many
in my own collection. One touchy subject is value. About all I am either able or willing
to do is tell roughly what I have paid for an item, and when and where I got it, which is
often eBay. Even this can be way off the mark, since eBay itself has had such a significant
impact on price, and also because some eBay sellers have really weird ideas about what their
items might be worth; Iâve gotten some bargains, but probably have overpaid just as often.
When I had to scour the antique shops for cow creamers it was hard to impossible to figure
out what was rare and what was common. Itâs a lot easier now, and in many cases what I was
originally excited to find, turns out to be pretty routine. The Jackfield creamers are a
good example of this. When I lived in the UK (1995 and 1996) Iâd very rarely see one, but
now there are almost always 10-20 or more on offer on eBay. So if you do want to ask me for
advice, please be patient because I donât always have ready access to email, and donât
expect anything more than very rough estimates about how much something may be worth.
Indeed, your best bet is to start by looking for similar items on eBay.
Themes
With over a thousand cow creamers in the collection, plus assorted other cows that fit my
basic two-hole rule ([see My Story](mystory.html)), Iâve tried to put some order
into their presentation on this website. First, there are categories for the older or
classic ones:* **[Silver](silver.html)**[,](silver.html) starting
with two examples made by John Schuppe in the 1760âs, and including some modern creamers
as well
* **[Staffordshire](staffordshire.html),** or more properly 18th
and 19th century British cow creamers (with a couple newer ones), plus separate
sub-sections on **[Welsh
Ceramics](staffordshire.htm#Welsh)** from the potteries in Swansea,
and [Spill Vases](staffordshire.htm#Spill) which
were made to hold paper tapers or wood slivers used for transferring fire but which also
were designed to serve as creamers.
* **[Jackfield](jackfield.html)**, which probably could be lumped
with Staffordshire but that have a distinctive black glaze and gold gilding
* **[Bennington,](bennington.html)** which is sometimes termed
Rockingham for the caramel glaze
* **[Delft](delft.html)**, for both older and new creamers marked
Delft, Holland, or in the typical Delft blue and white styling
* **[Faience](faience.html)**, for a few examples of classic and
older cows
Then there are a lot of more modern ones, nominally 20c and 21c Here, Iâve tried to put a bit of order
into things in the following way:* **[Places, or Countries of Origin](places.html)**: examples
that seem typical of a countryâs style
* **[Favorite Brands](favbrands.html)**:Â Examples from makers or
factories that have produced a number of interesting cow creamers, e.g. Schafer and Vater,
Royal Bayreuth, Fitz and Floyd, and Goebel
* **[Advertising and Souvenirs](advertising.html)**:Â Creamers
made to promote products (the most famous is Bordenâs Elsie), or with pictures or slogans
of places (e.g., Niagara Falls)
* **[Modern Variations](modern_variation.html)**:Â This is the
biggest category, with an eclectic assortment of interpretations, many of which are
unmarked. If thereâs also a teapot or pitcher that matches, Iâve put them in those
categories.
* **[Creamers and
Sugars](sugar_creamers.html)**[:Â](sugar_creamers.html) More âmodern variationsâ, but
enough of them that theyâre best kept separate.
* **[Heads](heads.html)**[:](heads.html)Â I think these
deserve a category of their ownâ¦there will be some overlap, e.g. with Royal Bayreuth and
Elsie
* **[Miniatures](miniature.html)**[:](miniature.html)Â
Many of these are doll-house (1/12) scale, some are a bit larger but still too tiny for
real use
* **[Christmas](christmas.html)**[:](christmas.html)Â
Santa cow, etc. Enough of them, especially teapots and pitchers, to single them
out.
* **[Pitchers](pitchers.html)**[:Â](pitchers.html) Just
too darn big for creamâ¦but designed to pour, most likely milk or water, but in some cases
wine. Most follow the two-hole rule, but there are a few that were too neat to resist
that donât.
* **[Suiteki or Water
Droppers](suiteki.html)**[:](pitchers.html) This is a later addition to the
collection, of interest to me because they meet the âtwo holeâ rule, and because I wanted
some traditional versions of a cow, bull or ox from the lactose intolerant populations of
the Far East.
* **[Teapots](teapots.html)**[:](teapots.html)Â They
fit the rule! And, theyâre fun. I have over 200 of these, which is a good sized collection in and of
itself.Â
Many of them also have creamers and sugars as a set.
* **[Rhytons and other Liquid
dispensers:](rhytons.html)Â** This somewhat eclectic category includes modern
reproductions of ancient rhytons (see the History page), as well as some cow and bull shaped
cruets and vessels designed for wine, oil and vinegar, liquor, that didn't fit well elsewhere. It also
contains a separate area for Nandi because like Rhytons they are used for ritualistic purposes.
* [Nandi](teapots.htm#Nandi) (Shivaâs Bull) â Hindu holy water
pot. These are included with Rhytons because of their religious use. This section also
includes a number of holy cow and bull vessels used for other purposes in Hindu
temples.
* **[Tea Sets:](teasets.html)**Â Some of these include real cow
creamers; but Iâve also included a number of the resin âcollectiblesâ.
* **[Watering
cans](wateringcans.html)**[:Â](wateringcans.html) What can I say? They do have two (more
than two actually) holes.
|
Contact: craig@cow-creamers.net
Copyright © 2023 Craig's Cow Creamers
Last updated: 07/20/2023
| http://cow-creamers.net/ |
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<title>75 Years of Band-Aid</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>75 years of...
<img align=center src="logo.GIF" alt="BAND-AID" width=464 height=138><br>
</h1>
<center>
<script type="text/javascript"><!--
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<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js">
</script>
</center>
<img align=left src=49cents.GIF alt="Only 49 cents" width=64 height=67>
My wife and I bought an old house in Northern California in December of 1994. We bought it from friends, and in fact the great-grandfather of my buddy Mitch built the house himself. It's about 50 years old, and pretty groovy in its own way. It seems that Mitch's family didn't like to throw anything away. They saved pretty much everything they could - when we moved in, the garage (which never had been cleaned out. It still hasn't) looked like a storage closet. Small things, they stored in Band-Aid boxes. Stuff like nails, washers, bolts...anything that could possibly be reused. We must have unearthed two dozen boxes dating back to the 1950's. A few years after the owners died, Mitch moved in. But he's a bit of a slob, so the Band-Aid boxes remained unmolested until we arrived. What could I do, but share our found bit of history with you?<p>
<hr>
<strong>April 2005:</strong> I found two classic black-and-white Band-Aid television commercials: <a href="commercial1.php">here's one</a>, and <a href="commercial2.php">the other</a>.<BR>
<strong>Feb 2005 or so:</strong> This web page quietly had its tenth birthday.<BR>
<strong>November 2000 Update:</strong> Someone sent a cover picture of <a href="display.php3?box=drdan.jpg">Doctor Dan The Bandage Man</a>, an old Little Golden Book that came packaged with Band-Aids.<BR>
<strong>April 2000 Update:</strong> <a href="display.php3?box=berkebile.JPG">Here's</a> a great picture sent in by David Berkebile. Circa 1946, when David was two and a half years old in Harlan, Iowa, having a Band-Aid applied with the help of his mother Leda and dog Snookers.<BR>
<strong>Feb. 1996 Update:</strong> After being online for about a year, someone from Johnson & Johnson found the BAND-AID page. It was bound to happen sooner or later! Mr. Atkinson, manufacturing manager for BAND-AID, sent me a nice e-mail filled with facts about your favorite bandage product. Among them:
</ul>
<li>the BAND-AID manufacturing plant is located in North Brunswick, New Jersey.
<li>The plant was built in 1957 and has made BAND-AIDs there since that year.
<li>The original BAND-AID plant was 20 miles up the road at "Kilmer house."
<lI>BAND-AID brand turned 75 years old in 1996.
</ul>
<br />
<strong>March 2008 Update:</strong> Rich Capen wrote: If you know the history, you know that the inventor - Earle Dickson - was married to a woman named Josephine Knight. It was her clumsiness, so the story goes, that made the Band-Aids necessary. Josephine is my great aunt. She wasn't really that clumsy. ... Here is a <a href="Josephine_Knight_Dickson.php">picture of Josephine Knight Dickson</a>.<br />
<p><a href="http://www.jnj.com/our_company/history/history_section_1.htm">The history of Johnson & Johnson</a> is available at <a href="http://www.jnj.com/">the J&J web page</a>.<p>
<hr>
<a href=display.php3?box=familyl.jpg><img align=right src=familys.jpg alt="a happy Band-Aid using family" width=248 height=158></a>
Is it an adhesive bandage? A sheer strip? A plastic strip? A cloth strip? Only time can tell, and it can't seem to make a final decision in the matter...The prices of the boxes range from 47 cents to 59 cents, although some of the boxes have "33" scribbled on their lids. Price? Perhaps. It's kind of weird to look at all these boxes, not one of which has a UPC symbol on it. Unfortunately, none of the boxes have dates on them, but some are pretty easy to guess. Box four is my favorite, with a certain undeniable retro '50s look. (Check out the back of that one - or any box, for that matter - by clicking on it.) Boxes are shown at 75% of their actual size.<p>
<hr>
<a href=display.php3?box=back1.jpg><img src=box1.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=178 height=200></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back2.jpg><img src=box2.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=180 height=203></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back3.jpg><img src=box3.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=194 height=203></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back11.jpg><img src=box11.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=157 height=203></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back12.jpg><img src=box12.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=184 height=202></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back6.jpg><img src=box6.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=139 height=203></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back10.jpg><img src=box10.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=135 height=206></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back7.jpg><img src=box7.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=138 height=198></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back8.jpg><img src=box8.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=145 height=198></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back5.jpg><img src=box5.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=139 height=198></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back9.jpg><img src=box9.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=136 height=200></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back4.jpg><img src=box4.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=185 height=199></a>
<p>
<hr>
<h2>More boxes, submitted by readers</h2>
<a href=display.php3?box=zarkoB.jpg><img src=zarkoF.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=216 height=316></a>
<img src="GirlScoutFirstAid.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=239 height=353>
<img src="feldman1.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=132 height=266>
<img src=box13.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=182 height=266>
<img src=submit1.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=238 height=222>
<img src=submit2.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=320 height=183 alt="photo courtesy of RitasRetros.com">
<img src=submit3.jpg alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=230 height=276>
<a href="display.php3?box=rossen_2.JPG"><img src="rossen_1.JPG" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width="158" height="237"></a>
<a href=display.php3?box=back14.JPG><img src=box14.JPG alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=164 height=234></a>
<img src=bandaid1093.JPG alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=202 height=260>
<img src=starsstripes.JPG alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=180 height=253>
<img src="brandon.JPG" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=194 height=243>
<img src="lillyblue10.jpg" alt="an English box of Band-Aids" width=251 height=184>
<img src="teepe1.jpg" alt="a Sesame Street box of Band-Aids" width=190 height=204>
<img src="teepe2.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=146 height=207>
<img src="teepe3.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=191 height=207>
<img src="BarbieKay.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=188 height=256>
<img src="sheer.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=193 height=231>
<img src="feldman2.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=155 height=138>
<img src="PDRM0003af.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=223 height=241>
<img src="nassogne.jpg" alt="a box of Band-Aids" width=280 height=229>
<p>
<HR>
<h2>TV Commercials</h2>
<center>
<table>
<tr align="center">
<td>
<a href="commercial1.php">
<img src="commercials/c1p1.jpg" width="318" height="242" alt="Band-Aid box">
</a>
</td>
<td>
<a href="commercial2.php">
<img src="commercials/c2p7.jpg" width="318" height="242" alt="girl on a swing">
</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Band-Aid with new Super Stick can pick up an egg!
</td>
<td>New color Band-Aids (in a black-and-white commecial.)
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<hr>
<h2>Catch phrases...</h2>
<h3>
<img src=modern.GIF alt="The modern trabsparent bandage that blends with your skin" width=462 height=88><p>
New Super-Stick<br>
New Overall Air-Vents help keep skin fresh<br>
Flesh color<br>
A Speed Bandage for Minor Injuries
</h3>
<hr>
Band-Aid is a trademark of...<p>
<img src="jj.GIF" alt="Johnson & Johnson" width=360 height=79><p>
...and this web page is not affilated with them in any way.<p>
Johnson & Johnson has its own <a href=http://www.jnj.com>web page</a>, which includes an interesting <a href="http://www.jnj.com/our_company/history/">history of the company</a>.
<hr>
<p>
<address><a href=../>Kevin Savetz's home page</a> - <a href="http://www.savetz.com/contact/">E-mail Kevin</a></address>
</BODY>
</HTML>
|
75 Years of Band-Aid
# 75 years of...
BAND-AID
<!--
google\_ad\_client = "pub-0754410284344153";
google\_alternate\_color = "FFFFFF";
google\_ad\_width = 728;
google\_ad\_height = 90;
google\_ad\_format = "728x90\_as";
google\_ad\_channel ="0876164748";
google\_color\_border = "FFFFFF";
google\_color\_bg = "FFFFFF";
google\_color\_link = "CC0000";
google\_color\_url = "660000";
google\_color\_text = "990000";
//-->
My wife and I bought an old house in Northern California in December of 1994. We bought it from friends, and in fact the great-grandfather of my buddy Mitch built the house himself. It's about 50 years old, and pretty groovy in its own way. It seems that Mitch's family didn't like to throw anything away. They saved pretty much everything they could - when we moved in, the garage (which never had been cleaned out. It still hasn't) looked like a storage closet. Small things, they stored in Band-Aid boxes. Stuff like nails, washers, bolts...anything that could possibly be reused. We must have unearthed two dozen boxes dating back to the 1950's. A few years after the owners died, Mitch moved in. But he's a bit of a slob, so the Band-Aid boxes remained unmolested until we arrived. What could I do, but share our found bit of history with you?
---
**April 2005:** I found two classic black-and-white Band-Aid television commercials: [here's one](commercial1.php), and [the other](commercial2.php).
**Feb 2005 or so:** This web page quietly had its tenth birthday.
**November 2000 Update:** Someone sent a cover picture of [Doctor Dan The Bandage Man](display.php3?box=drdan.jpg), an old Little Golden Book that came packaged with Band-Aids.
**April 2000 Update:** [Here's](display.php3?box=berkebile.JPG) a great picture sent in by David Berkebile. Circa 1946, when David was two and a half years old in Harlan, Iowa, having a Band-Aid applied with the help of his mother Leda and dog Snookers.
**Feb. 1996 Update:** After being online for about a year, someone from Johnson & Johnson found the BAND-AID page. It was bound to happen sooner or later! Mr. Atkinson, manufacturing manager for BAND-AID, sent me a nice e-mail filled with facts about your favorite bandage product. Among them:
- the BAND-AID manufacturing plant is located in North Brunswick, New Jersey.
- The plant was built in 1957 and has made BAND-AIDs there since that year.
- The original BAND-AID plant was 20 miles up the road at "Kilmer house."
- BAND-AID brand turned 75 years old in 1996.
| https://www.savetz.com/bandaid/ |
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The online home of the Leucht family!</h1>
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<p>Welcome to Phil's Old Radios, one of the world's first websites for antique radios and TVs,
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<p>Here you can view a large
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many <a href="restoration.htm">restoration</a> articles explaining how I restored them.
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Our <a href="information.htm">information</a> area has a host of
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parts and supplies, and links to related websites.
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which gives you the basics of finding, pricing, trying out, and fixing vintage sets.
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| Welcome to Phil's Old Radios, one of the world's first websites for antique radios and TVs,
launched in 1995 and still going strong.
Here you can view a large
[gallery](gallery.htm) of vintage radios, TVs, and related items, and read
many [restoration](restoration.htm) articles explaining how I restored them.
Our [information](information.htm) area has a host of
resources for radio lovers: book and magazine recommendations, sources for
parts and supplies, and links to related websites.
If you're new to radio collecting, don't miss our [Beginner's](begin.htm) area,
which gives you the basics of finding, pricing, trying out, and fixing vintage sets.
In [Features](features.htm), you'll find special articles, including chronicles
of radio adventures and other tasty bits.
We hope you enjoy your visit. Stop by every now and then to check out our [News](new.htm) page.
©1995-2023 Philip I. Nelson, all rights reserved
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Alexandros III Philippou Makedonon (Alexander the Great, Alexander III of Macedon)
(356-323 B.C.), King of Macedonia, born in late July 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia, one of the
greatest military genius in history. He conquered much of what was then the civilized world,
governed by his divine ambition of the world conquest and creation of universal world
monarchy.
Arrian describes Alexander: the strong, handsome
commander with one eye dark as a night and one blue as
a sky, always leading his army on his faithful Bucephalo.
Alexander inherited from his father King Philip the best
military formation of the time, the Macedonian Phalanx,
armed with sarisses - the fearful five and half meter long
spears. He was the first great conqueror which has
reached, Greece, Egypt , Asia Minor, and Asia till
Afghanistan and India. He is famous for havi in Macedonia in the late July of 356 BC, on the
same day as the famous Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was burned. His father,
Philip II of Macedon, was brilliant ruler and strategist. His mother was Olympias,
princess of Epirus, daughter of King Neoptolemus. Olympias was initiated to
Dionysiastic and Orpheic cults. She was often jealous, vindictive and very
protective of Alexander.
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the largest temples built by the Greeks around 550 B.C.
Olympias' ancestor was mythic hero from Illiad - Achilles, while his father Philip II of Macedon, descends from the Zeus' son -
Hercules.
Related articles on the net:
Alexander's Origins , Plutarch
The dynasty of Argeidos
Alexander's Birth, Plutarch
Alexander's origin and controversies according various traditions
PERSEUS PROJECT, son of Philip, an Epirot and Aeacid by mother's side: Paus.1.9.8
PERSEUS PROJECT, reputed son of Ammon: Paus. 4.14.8
The UnMuseum - The Temple of Artemis
DIONYSOS LINKS
Return to index.
0
Alexander, Prince of Macedon
344
Even as a young boy Alexander was fearless and strong. He, in the age of 12 years,
tamed the beautiful and spirited Bucephalus (ox-head in Greek), a horse that no one else
could ride. Philip was so proud of Alexander's horsemanship that he said:
O my son, seek out a kingdom worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little
for thee.
Later, this famous stallion carried him as far as India till Hydaspes river, where he died.
There Alexander had built the city of Bucephala, in memory of his beloved horse.
Prince Alexander was even more ambitious than his father; he was even desperate when
he heard of Philip's conquests:
My father will get ahead of me in everything, and will leave nothing great for me to do.
Alexander knew by heart the Iliad. He loved Homer, and always slept with a copy of the Iliad under his pillow.
His first teacher was Leonidas, a relative of Olympias. Leonidas instilled in
Alexander his ascetic nature which became famous during his future campaigns,
where he lived simply, in Spartan way, eating and sleeping together with his troops.
Leonidas was replaced with Lysimachus, who taught Prince Alexander to play the
lyre, and appreciate the arts.
Plutarch writes: The care of his education, as it might be presumed, was
committed to a great many attendants, preceptors, and teachers, over the
whole of whom Leonidas, a near kinsman of
Olympias, a man of an austere temper, presided,
who did not indeed himself decline the name of
what in reality is a noble and honorable office, but
in general his dignity, and his near relationship,
obtained him from other people the title of
Alexander's foster father and governor. But he who
took upon him the actual place and style of his
pedagogue was Lysimachus the Acarnanian, who,
though he had nothing to recommend him, but his
lucky fancy of calling himself Phoenix, Alexander
Achilles and Philip Peleus, was therefore well enough esteemed, and ranked in
the next degree after Leonidas.
Alexander from age 13 to 16, at the Mieza temple - about 30 kilometers from the royal palace at Pella, together with the
other boys belonging to the Macedonian aristocracy was taught by Aristotle, who introduced them to the world of arts and
sciences.
Alexander, Prince Regent
340
During Philip's expedition against the Byzantium in 340, Alexander, then sixteen years old was
left in Macedonia in the charge of royal seal; Alexander in the mean time was not idle, he reduced the
rebellious Maedi, a Thracian tribe to obedience. He took their capital town by storm, drove out the
barbarous inhabitants, and created a colony of several nations in their room, called the town after his
own name, Alexandropolis.
Philip's politics was not appreciated by the Athenians, and Demosthenes considered him
semi-barbarian. Obviously the Macedonian hegemony presented the threat for independent politics of
Athens.
Related articles on the net:
Aristotle and Alexander
Hephaistion
Bucephalus- various traditions
PERSEUS PROJECT, wives and sons: Paus. 9.7.2
PERSEUS PROJECT, passionate nature: Paus. 6.18.2
PERSEUS PROJECT, good fortune: Paus.4.35.4, Paus.7.10.3
PERSEUS PROJECT, Aristotle's influence with him: Paus. 6.4.8
PERSEUS PROJECT, house at Megalopolis: Paus. 8.32.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, makes Chaeron tyrant of Pellene: Paus. 7.27.7
Return to index.
0
Philip's Kingdom
September 338
At the battle of Chaeronea Philip defeated the allied Greek states of the Sacred Band of Thebes in September 338 BC. at the
time Alexander was only 18, when he commanded the left wing of Philip's cavalry, and demonstrated personal courage in
breaking the Sacred Band of Thebes. It is said he has been the first man that charged the Thebans' sacred band. Although
Philip's army was greatly outnumbered by the Athenian and Theban troops, the
Macedonian phalanxes triumphed over the Athenians and Thebans. Athens and
Thebes became Philip's subjects. Sparta remained the only Greek state not under
Macedonian control. This early bravery made Philip so proud of Alexander, that
nothing pleased him more than to hear his subjects call himself their general and
Alexander their king.
337BC.
At the Council at Corinth, Philip imposed his politic system to the Greek states
(with exception of Sparta); Philip gave freedom and autonomy to all the political
parties in each state, establishing an administrative system that would be stable and
loyal to him.
In 337 divorced Olympias. After a quarrel at a wedding feast, Alexander and
his mother left Macedonia. Few months later, they were reconciled and Alexander
returned; but his life was in danger...
337 BC.
With the support of almost all Greece, Philip declared war on Persia. In the spring of 336 BC,
Philip sent Attalus and Parmenion with the army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to begin with the
liberation of Greek coastal cities. Before Philip himself went to Asia to begin the conquest, he was
assassinated.
Related articles:
Geopolitic map of Macedonia during Philip II
PERSEUS PROJECT, Congress at Corinth,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.89.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, War with Persia,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.91.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Philip's last days,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.93.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Assassination of Philip,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.94.1, 16.95.1
The Murder of Philip II
Return to index.
0
0
King is dead, Long live the King.
Spring- Autumn 336 BC
Philip on his way to the theater during the wedding celebration of his daughter with the
Olympias' brother, Alexander of Epirus, in July 336, was assassinated by the Macedonian
officer Pausanias at Ege - antique capital of Macedonian Kingdom.
Alexander was immediately presented to the army as new king
of Macedon. He established his authority far more firmly than
anyone did suppose possible; he was only 20 and for this reason
not uniformly respected. Alexander himself took the principal
advantage of the murder, and he has been suspected of
complicity, especially because, as only half of Macedonian
blood, he was not universally popular. He addressed himself to
the embassies which were present and in affable fashion bade
the Greek polises to maintain towards him the same loyalty
which they had demonstrated to his father.
Philip's last wife, Cleopatra had borne a daughter few days
before his assassination, while Attalus, her uncle and guardian
had been sent on ahead into Asia to share the command of the
forces with Parmenion. He had acquired great popularity in the
army.
He at once executed all alleged to be behind Philip's murder along with all possible rivals and
the whole fraction opposed to him. The known victims of this purge were Alexander's own
rivals: his older cousin Philip's nephew Amyntas, son of King Perdiccas III; the principal family of Alexander of Lyncestis,
although he himself was spared; and Philip's wife Cleopatra and her infant daughter, killed by Olympias.
A possible rival for the throne remained Attalus; Cleopatra's (the last Philip's wife) uncle has been disaffected because of the
murder of Cleopatra and her daughter, but he had not claim the throne of Macedonia, he was loyal to Philip and hostile to his
assassin. Alexander determined to eliminate Attalus discreetly. Alexander had good reason to fear that he might challenge his
rule, making common cause with those of the Greeks who opposed him, and selected among his friends a certain Hecataeus
from Cardia and sent him off to Asia with a number of soldiers, under orders to bring back Attalus, accused for high treason,
alive if he could, but if not, to assassinate him.
Related articles on the net:
Philip's Assassination , Plutarch
PERSEUS PROJECT, Alexander establishes his authority, Diodorus, Historical Library 17.2.1
Return to index.
Consolidation of Kingdom & European Campaigns
He then marched south, stabilized Thessaly, and at an assembly of the Greek League at Corinth was appointed the strategos
autocrator (the supreme commander) of all Greeks for the expected invasion of Persian Empire, previously planned and
initiated by Philip. On his return to Macedonia by way of Delphi, the Pythian priestess acclaimed him invincible.
335 BC
He started with blitz campaigns against the Triballi and Ilyrians, which took him across the Danube. He marched into Thrace in
spring 335 and, after forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, crossed the Danube to reduce to obedience Getae and
Celtic tribes; turning west, he then defeated and shattered a coalition of Ilyrians who had invaded Macedonia.
The Greek states had grown restless under Macedonian hegemony, and Greeks did
not support its supremacy. In the meantime a rumor of Alexander's death in Illyria had
caused a revolt of Thebans, favored partly by the Athenians and some other Greek
states (Arcadia, Eolia, Etholia). He reached Thessaly in seven days and as in Boeotia five
days later. So only in 14 days Alexander marched 380 km from Pelion in Illyria to
Thebes. When the Thebans refused to surrender, he made an entry and razed their city
to the ground, sparing only temples and poet Pindar's house; 6,000 were killed and
30,000 survivors sold into slavery, for 440 Talents of silver.
Related articles:
PERSEUS PROJECT, the danger over the Thebans,Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.10.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, destroys Thebes: Paus.4.27.10,7.6.9, 7.17.2, 9.6.5 ., 9.7.1,
9.23.5,9.25.10
PERSEUS PROJECT, Greeks suffer at his hands: Paus.1.4.1
The destruction of Thebe
Timoclea
The other Greek states were frightened by this cruelty, and Alexander could afford himself to treat Athens diplomatically,
while Macedonian garrisons were left in Corinth, Chalcis and the Cadmea.
Related articles:
PERSEUS PROJECT, Greek states do recognisie Alexander's leadership, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.04.1
Diogenes
0
Beginnings of the Alexander invasion of Persia
Alexander had matured the idea of the Persian expedition. He also
needed the Persian wealth to maintain the army built by his father and pay
off the 500 talents he owed to the ten thousand, Greek professional troops,
and of Agesilaus of Sparta. Alexander's army in successful campaign in
Persian territory had demonstrated the weaknesses of the Persian Empire.
With a good cavalry he could expect the victory over any Persian army. The
reason of invasion of Asia was to liberate the Greek cities taken by the
Persians some years before. In spring 334 he crossed the Dardanelles,
Hellespont leaving Antipater, the general and friend of his father, as his
deputy in Europe with over 13,000 soldiers. Alexander himself commanded
about 30,000 foot and over 5,000 cavalry, of whom nearly 14,000 were
Macedonians and about 7,000 allies of Greek League. This army had
excellent mixture of arms; the light armed Cretan and Macedonian archers,
Thracians, and the Agrianian javelin men; the striking force was the cavalry,
and the core of the army was the infantry phalanx, 9,000 strong, armed with
shield sand five and half meter long spears, sarise, and the 3,000 men of the
royal troops, the hypaspists. Alexander's second in command was
Parmenio, who had secured a foothold in Asia Minor during Philip's lifetime;
many of his family and supporters were entrenched in responsible positions.
The army was accompanied by explorers, engineers, architects, scientists, court officials and historians.
0
PERSEUS PROJECT, makes war on Darius: Paus. 6.17.5
0
The Battle of Granicus
Spring334
On the way he stopped at Troy and after visiting Ilium, at the Granicus River, near the Sea of Marmara (May/June 334). he
confronted his first Persian army which was led by three satraps.
The Persian plan to tempt Alexander across the river and
kill him in the melee almost succeeded; but the Persian line
broke, and Alexander's victory was complete. This victory
opened western Asia Minor to the Macedonians, and most
cities opened their gates. The tyrants were expelled, and in
contrast to Macedonian policy in Europe, in Asia were
installed democracies. Alexander confirmed his Panhellenic
policy, symbolized in the sending of 300 panoplies, i.e. armor sets, taken at the Granicus as
an offering dedicated to Athena at Athens by "Alexander the son of Philip, and the
Grecians, except the Lacedaemonians (Spartans), won these from the barbarians
who inhabit Asia."
The cities remained de facto under Alexander, and his nomination Calas as satrap of
Hellespontine Phrygia confirmed his intention to succeed the Great King of Persia.
Related articles:
The Battle of Granicus
TheCampaigns of Alexander
PERSEUS PROJECT, Granicus,the battle of, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary17.20.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Granicus,the battle of, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.21.1
The conquest of Persian empire had become more
realistic than in 346: Artaxerxes III had died in 338, and
the new king was the much weaker Darius II (he
succeeded in 336, after the brief reign of Arses,
whom the trilingual inscription found at Xanthus in 1973 shows that he has borne
with the title Artaxerxes IV).
When city of Miletus opposed, encouraged by the closeness of the Persian fleet,
Alexander took it by assault; without a maritime battle: he disbanded his expensive navy
and decided to defeat the Persian fleet on land, by occupying the coastal cities. In Caria,
Halicarnassus resisted and was destroyed; but Ada, the widow and sister of the satrap
Idrieus, adopted Alexander as her son and Alexander appointed her as a satrap of Caria.
However, until 332 some parts of Caria held out. On his way toward Babylon, Alexander
won several important battles.
Related articles:
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum1
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum2
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum3
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum4
Return to index.
AsiaMinor
333 BC
Alexander conquered western part of Asia Minor in winter 334-333, reducing to obedience the hill tribes of Lycia and
Pisidia; and in spring 333 he advanced along the coastal road to Perga. At Gordium in Phrygia, tradition records his cutting of
the Gordian knot, which could only be loosed by the man who was to rule Asia. At this point Alexander benefited from the
sudden death of Memnon, the competent Greek commander of the Persian fleet. From Gordium he moved to Ancyra and then
south through Cappadocia and the Cilician Gates. In the meantime, Darius with his Grand Army had advanced northward on
the eastern side of Mt.Amanus.
The Battle of Issus
Intelligence on both sides was imprecise, and the two armies had infact been advancing randomly. Alexander was already
encamped by Myriandrus (near modern Iskenderun, Turkey) when he find out that Darius was astride his line of
communications at Issus, north of Alexander's position (autumn333). Alexander came head to head with King Darius during the
Battle of Issus on the north-east Mediterranean coast. Although Alexander was advancing south he was surprised to find
Darius approaching from his North! Turning, Alexander found Darius drawn up along the Pinarus River. In the battle that
followed, Alexander won a decisive victory, and Darius fled, leaving his family in Alexander's hands.
Alexander was outnumbered many times (perhaps even 10:1). Even so, he held back
a reserve force, for the first time in the military history.
After the battle when he had entered in the Darius's tent in all its luxury, golden bath,
silk carpets .., while Alexander was known for living in modest spartan conditions by
comparison and is reported to have commented:
"So this is what it means to be a King."
The other famous event that gives us an idea about Alexander's and Hephaestion's
friendship, when Alexander had captured Darius's throne tent with treasureof 3000 talents of gold ( US$ 1.2 billion, 1
TALENT = 27 kg Au), with complete imperial escortent; including Darius's mother, Sisygambis; his wife, Stateira; his harem.
and other princesses.
When Alexander and Hephaestion went to meet Sisygambis, she
prostrated herself at the feetof the most kingly figure. She chose by
the mistake the taller Hephaestion! Alexander is said to have
responded rather friendly:
"Don't worry mother, he is Alexander too."
Alexander treated all the women with great respect "due to their
station". An interesting fact is that later when Sisygambis had an
opportunity to return to Persians, she had refused.
Related articles and paintings on the net:
PaoloVeronese: The Family of Darius before Alexander
Alexander's Generosity, Plutarch
Return to index.
Conquestof Syria, Phoenicia and Egypt
332 BC
With the intention to isolate the Persian fleet from its maritime bases and so to destroy it as an effective fighting force, from
Issus Alexander marched south into Syria and Phoenicia. The Phoenician cities Marathus and Aradus came over with no
resistance. In reply to a letter from Darius offering peace, Alexander replied with detemination, demanding unconditional
surrender to himself as lord of Asia.
After taking Byblos and Sidon , he met serious resistance at Tyre, where he was refused entry into the island city. The Tyrians
walled themselves in their island fortress. Alexander couldn't leave them to attack his rear and he could not attack by sea so he
decided to build a land bridge, which still exists. He succeeded finally only after seven months, not by land but in a very brutal
naval battle; the Tyrians fired red hot sand at Alexander's fleet. The storming of Tyre in July 332 was Alexander's greatest
military achievement; it was attended with great massacre and the sale of the women and children into slavery.
In the meantime (winter 333-332) the Persians had counter attacked by land in Asia Minor, but they were defeated by
Antigonus, the satrap of Greater Phrygia. In the mean time by sea, Persians succeeded to recapture various Jonian cities and
islands.
During the siege of Tyre, Darius sent a letter with his offer: he wanted to pay ransom of 10,000 talents for his family and
cede all his lands west of the Euphrates.On that occasion Alexander's general Parmenio advised him to accept.
"I would accept, were I Alexander." Parmenio said ;
"I too, were I Parmenio!" was Alexander's famous retort;
Leaving Parmenio in Syria, Alexander advanced south without opposition until he reached Gaza on its high mound; there
bitter resistance halted him for two months, and he sustained a serious shoulder wound during a sortie.
PERSEUS PROJECT, at Tyre,Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.41.1
Alexander in Egypt
In November 332 he reached Egypt, and the Egyptians welcomed him as their liberator. The Persian satrap Mazaces
surrendered with no resistance. At Memphis Alexander was sacrificed to Apis, (Hapi) , and was crowned with the traditional
double crown of the pharaohs of Egypt; the egyptian priests were placated and their religion encouraged.
Alexander organized Egypt employing Egyptian governors, while keeping the army under a separate Macedonian command.
He founded the city of Alexandria near the western arm of the Nile between the sea and Lake Mareotis, protected by the
island of Pharos, and had it projected by the famous Rhodian architect Deinocrates. From Alexandria he marched along the
coast to Paraetonium and from there inland to <a href="https://www.dropl.io/">visit</a> the celebrated oracle of Amon at Siwah. About 570 B.C., the Pharaoh
Amasis rebuilt a temple in Siwa dedicated to the Amon (also Amun, Ammon).
Tradition claims that in Egypt Dionysus founded the oracle of Ammon. One day he was wandering in the waterless
desert with his followers when they saw a solitary ram. As they followed the animal it disappeared, but a spring of
water was found where it had been. There the god placed the oracle, and set the ram in in heaven as the constellation
of Aries. ...When the gods fled to Egypt from the monstrous Typhon, Dionysus changed himself into goat...
The temple oracle was one of the most famous in antiquity and was famed for being able to answer difficult question.
According tradition he was descended from the heroes Heracles and Perseus. Both ofthese heroes had visited the oracle in
their lifetime, and Alexander felt it is appropriate that he visit it as well. On Alexander reaching the oracle in its oasis, the priest
gave him the traditional salutation of a pharaoh, as son of Ammon; Alexander consulted the oracle and : Oracle proclaimed
Alexan .
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ALEXANDER THE GREAT, Project by JJP
Alexandros III Philippou Makedonon (Alexander the Great, Alexander III of Macedon)
(356-323 B.C.), King of Macedonia, born in late July 356 BC in Pella, Macedonia, one of the
greatest military genius in history. He conquered much of what was then the civilized world,
governed by his divine ambition of the world conquest and creation of universal world
monarchy.
Arrian describes Alexander: the strong, handsome
commander with one eye dark as a night and one blue as
a sky, always leading his army on his faithful Bucephalo.
Alexander inherited from his father King Philip the best
military formation of the time, the Macedonian Phalanx,
armed with sarisses - the fearful five and half meter long
spears. He was the first great conqueror which has
reached, Greece, Egypt , Asia Minor, and Asia till
Afghanistan and India. He is famous for havi in Macedonia in the late July of 356 BC, on the
same day as the famous Temple of Artemis at Ephesus was burned. His father,
Philip II of Macedon, was brilliant ruler and strategist. His mother was Olympias,
princess of Epirus, daughter of King Neoptolemus. Olympias was initiated to
Dionysiastic and Orpheic cults. She was often jealous, vindictive and very
protective of Alexander.
The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, one of the largest temples built by the Greeks around 550 B.C.
Olympias' ancestor was mythic hero from Illiad - Achilles, while his father Philip II of Macedon, descends from the Zeus' son -
Hercules.
Related articles on the net:
Alexander's Origins , Plutarch
The dynasty of Argeidos
Alexander's Birth, Plutarch
Alexander's origin and controversies according various traditions
PERSEUS PROJECT, son of Philip, an Epirot and Aeacid by mother's side: Paus.1.9.8
PERSEUS PROJECT, reputed son of Ammon: Paus. 4.14.8
The UnMuseum - The Temple of Artemis
DIONYSOS LINKS
Return to index.
0
Alexander, Prince of Macedon
344
Even as a young boy Alexander was fearless and strong. He, in the age of 12 years,
tamed the beautiful and spirited Bucephalus (ox-head in Greek), a horse that no one else
could ride. Philip was so proud of Alexander's horsemanship that he said:
O my son, seek out a kingdom worthy of thyself, for Macedonia is too little
for thee.
Later, this famous stallion carried him as far as India till Hydaspes river, where he died.
There Alexander had built the city of Bucephala, in memory of his beloved horse.
Prince Alexander was even more ambitious than his father; he was even desperate when
he heard of Philip's conquests:
My father will get ahead of me in everything, and will leave nothing great for me to do.
Alexander knew by heart the Iliad. He loved Homer, and always slept with a copy of the Iliad under his pillow.
His first teacher was Leonidas, a relative of Olympias. Leonidas instilled in
Alexander his ascetic nature which became famous during his future campaigns,
where he lived simply, in Spartan way, eating and sleeping together with his troops.
Leonidas was replaced with Lysimachus, who taught Prince Alexander to play the
lyre, and appreciate the arts.
Plutarch writes: The care of his education, as it might be presumed, was
committed to a great many attendants, preceptors, and teachers, over the
whole of whom Leonidas, a near kinsman of
Olympias, a man of an austere temper, presided,
who did not indeed himself decline the name of
what in reality is a noble and honorable office, but
in general his dignity, and his near relationship,
obtained him from other people the title of
Alexander's foster father and governor. But he who
took upon him the actual place and style of his
pedagogue was Lysimachus the Acarnanian, who,
though he had nothing to recommend him, but his
lucky fancy of calling himself Phoenix, Alexander
Achilles and Philip Peleus, was therefore well enough esteemed, and ranked in
the next degree after Leonidas.
Alexander from age 13 to 16, at the Mieza temple - about 30 kilometers from the royal palace at Pella, together with the
other boys belonging to the Macedonian aristocracy was taught by Aristotle, who introduced them to the world of arts and
sciences.
Alexander, Prince Regent
340
During Philip's expedition against the Byzantium in 340, Alexander, then sixteen years old was
left in Macedonia in the charge of royal seal; Alexander in the mean time was not idle, he reduced the
rebellious Maedi, a Thracian tribe to obedience. He took their capital town by storm, drove out the
barbarous inhabitants, and created a colony of several nations in their room, called the town after his
own name, Alexandropolis.
Philip's politics was not appreciated by the Athenians, and Demosthenes considered him
semi-barbarian. Obviously the Macedonian hegemony presented the threat for independent politics of
Athens.
Related articles on the net:
Aristotle and Alexander
Hephaistion
Bucephalus- various traditions
PERSEUS PROJECT, wives and sons: Paus. 9.7.2
PERSEUS PROJECT, passionate nature: Paus. 6.18.2
PERSEUS PROJECT, good fortune: Paus.4.35.4, Paus.7.10.3
PERSEUS PROJECT, Aristotle's influence with him: Paus. 6.4.8
PERSEUS PROJECT, house at Megalopolis: Paus. 8.32.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, makes Chaeron tyrant of Pellene: Paus. 7.27.7
Return to index.
0
Philip's Kingdom
September 338
At the battle of Chaeronea Philip defeated the allied Greek states of the Sacred Band of Thebes in September 338 BC. at the
time Alexander was only 18, when he commanded the left wing of Philip's cavalry, and demonstrated personal courage in
breaking the Sacred Band of Thebes. It is said he has been the first man that charged the Thebans' sacred band. Although
Philip's army was greatly outnumbered by the Athenian and Theban troops, the
Macedonian phalanxes triumphed over the Athenians and Thebans. Athens and
Thebes became Philip's subjects. Sparta remained the only Greek state not under
Macedonian control. This early bravery made Philip so proud of Alexander, that
nothing pleased him more than to hear his subjects call himself their general and
Alexander their king.
337BC.
At the Council at Corinth, Philip imposed his politic system to the Greek states
(with exception of Sparta); Philip gave freedom and autonomy to all the political
parties in each state, establishing an administrative system that would be stable and
loyal to him.
In 337 divorced Olympias. After a quarrel at a wedding feast, Alexander and
his mother left Macedonia. Few months later, they were reconciled and Alexander
returned; but his life was in danger...
337 BC.
With the support of almost all Greece, Philip declared war on Persia. In the spring of 336 BC,
Philip sent Attalus and Parmenion with the army of 10,000 men into Asia Minor to begin with the
liberation of Greek coastal cities. Before Philip himself went to Asia to begin the conquest, he was
assassinated.
Related articles:
Geopolitic map of Macedonia during Philip II
PERSEUS PROJECT, Congress at Corinth,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.89.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, War with Persia,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.91.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Philip's last days,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.93.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Assassination of Philip,Diodorus,Historical Library 16.94.1, 16.95.1
The Murder of Philip II
Return to index.
0
0
King is dead, Long live the King.
Spring- Autumn 336 BC
Philip on his way to the theater during the wedding celebration of his daughter with the
Olympias' brother, Alexander of Epirus, in July 336, was assassinated by the Macedonian
officer Pausanias at Ege - antique capital of Macedonian Kingdom.
Alexander was immediately presented to the army as new king
of Macedon. He established his authority far more firmly than
anyone did suppose possible; he was only 20 and for this reason
not uniformly respected. Alexander himself took the principal
advantage of the murder, and he has been suspected of
complicity, especially because, as only half of Macedonian
blood, he was not universally popular. He addressed himself to
the embassies which were present and in affable fashion bade
the Greek polises to maintain towards him the same loyalty
which they had demonstrated to his father.
Philip's last wife, Cleopatra had borne a daughter few days
before his assassination, while Attalus, her uncle and guardian
had been sent on ahead into Asia to share the command of the
forces with Parmenion. He had acquired great popularity in the
army.
He at once executed all alleged to be behind Philip's murder along with all possible rivals and
the whole fraction opposed to him. The known victims of this purge were Alexander's own
rivals: his older cousin Philip's nephew Amyntas, son of King Perdiccas III; the principal family of Alexander of Lyncestis,
although he himself was spared; and Philip's wife Cleopatra and her infant daughter, killed by Olympias.
A possible rival for the throne remained Attalus; Cleopatra's (the last Philip's wife) uncle has been disaffected because of the
murder of Cleopatra and her daughter, but he had not claim the throne of Macedonia, he was loyal to Philip and hostile to his
assassin. Alexander determined to eliminate Attalus discreetly. Alexander had good reason to fear that he might challenge his
rule, making common cause with those of the Greeks who opposed him, and selected among his friends a certain Hecataeus
from Cardia and sent him off to Asia with a number of soldiers, under orders to bring back Attalus, accused for high treason,
alive if he could, but if not, to assassinate him.
Related articles on the net:
Philip's Assassination , Plutarch
PERSEUS PROJECT, Alexander establishes his authority, Diodorus, Historical Library 17.2.1
Return to index.
Consolidation of Kingdom & European Campaigns
He then marched south, stabilized Thessaly, and at an assembly of the Greek League at Corinth was appointed the strategos
autocrator (the supreme commander) of all Greeks for the expected invasion of Persian Empire, previously planned and
initiated by Philip. On his return to Macedonia by way of Delphi, the Pythian priestess acclaimed him invincible.
335 BC
He started with blitz campaigns against the Triballi and Ilyrians, which took him across the Danube. He marched into Thrace in
spring 335 and, after forcing the Shipka Pass and crushing the Triballi, crossed the Danube to reduce to obedience Getae and
Celtic tribes; turning west, he then defeated and shattered a coalition of Ilyrians who had invaded Macedonia.
The Greek states had grown restless under Macedonian hegemony, and Greeks did
not support its supremacy. In the meantime a rumor of Alexander's death in Illyria had
caused a revolt of Thebans, favored partly by the Athenians and some other Greek
states (Arcadia, Eolia, Etholia). He reached Thessaly in seven days and as in Boeotia five
days later. So only in 14 days Alexander marched 380 km from Pelion in Illyria to
Thebes. When the Thebans refused to surrender, he made an entry and razed their city
to the ground, sparing only temples and poet Pindar's house; 6,000 were killed and
30,000 survivors sold into slavery, for 440 Talents of silver.
Related articles:
PERSEUS PROJECT, the danger over the Thebans,Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.10.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, destroys Thebes: Paus.4.27.10,7.6.9, 7.17.2, 9.6.5 ., 9.7.1,
9.23.5,9.25.10
PERSEUS PROJECT, Greeks suffer at his hands: Paus.1.4.1
The destruction of Thebe
Timoclea
The other Greek states were frightened by this cruelty, and Alexander could afford himself to treat Athens diplomatically,
while Macedonian garrisons were left in Corinth, Chalcis and the Cadmea.
Related articles:
PERSEUS PROJECT, Greek states do recognisie Alexander's leadership, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.04.1
Diogenes
0
Beginnings of the Alexander invasion of Persia
Alexander had matured the idea of the Persian expedition. He also
needed the Persian wealth to maintain the army built by his father and pay
off the 500 talents he owed to the ten thousand, Greek professional troops,
and of Agesilaus of Sparta. Alexander's army in successful campaign in
Persian territory had demonstrated the weaknesses of the Persian Empire.
With a good cavalry he could expect the victory over any Persian army. The
reason of invasion of Asia was to liberate the Greek cities taken by the
Persians some years before. In spring 334 he crossed the Dardanelles,
Hellespont leaving Antipater, the general and friend of his father, as his
deputy in Europe with over 13,000 soldiers. Alexander himself commanded
about 30,000 foot and over 5,000 cavalry, of whom nearly 14,000 were
Macedonians and about 7,000 allies of Greek League. This army had
excellent mixture of arms; the light armed Cretan and Macedonian archers,
Thracians, and the Agrianian javelin men; the striking force was the cavalry,
and the core of the army was the infantry phalanx, 9,000 strong, armed with
shield sand five and half meter long spears, sarise, and the 3,000 men of the
royal troops, the hypaspists. Alexander's second in command was
Parmenio, who had secured a foothold in Asia Minor during Philip's lifetime;
many of his family and supporters were entrenched in responsible positions.
The army was accompanied by explorers, engineers, architects, scientists, court officials and historians.
0
PERSEUS PROJECT, makes war on Darius: Paus. 6.17.5
0
The Battle of Granicus
Spring334
On the way he stopped at Troy and after visiting Ilium, at the Granicus River, near the Sea of Marmara (May/June 334). he
confronted his first Persian army which was led by three satraps.
The Persian plan to tempt Alexander across the river and
kill him in the melee almost succeeded; but the Persian line
broke, and Alexander's victory was complete. This victory
opened western Asia Minor to the Macedonians, and most
cities opened their gates. The tyrants were expelled, and in
contrast to Macedonian policy in Europe, in Asia were
installed democracies. Alexander confirmed his Panhellenic
policy, symbolized in the sending of 300 panoplies, i.e. armor sets, taken at the Granicus as
an offering dedicated to Athena at Athens by "Alexander the son of Philip, and the
Grecians, except the Lacedaemonians (Spartans), won these from the barbarians
who inhabit Asia."
The cities remained de facto under Alexander, and his nomination Calas as satrap of
Hellespontine Phrygia confirmed his intention to succeed the Great King of Persia.
Related articles:
The Battle of Granicus
TheCampaigns of Alexander
PERSEUS PROJECT, Granicus,the battle of, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary17.20.1
PERSEUS PROJECT, Granicus,the battle of, Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.21.1
The conquest of Persian empire had become more
realistic than in 346: Artaxerxes III had died in 338, and
the new king was the much weaker Darius II (he
succeeded in 336, after the brief reign of Arses,
whom the trilingual inscription found at Xanthus in 1973 shows that he has borne
with the title Artaxerxes IV).
When city of Miletus opposed, encouraged by the closeness of the Persian fleet,
Alexander took it by assault; without a maritime battle: he disbanded his expensive navy
and decided to defeat the Persian fleet on land, by occupying the coastal cities. In Caria,
Halicarnassus resisted and was destroyed; but Ada, the widow and sister of the satrap
Idrieus, adopted Alexander as her son and Alexander appointed her as a satrap of Caria.
However, until 332 some parts of Caria held out. On his way toward Babylon, Alexander
won several important battles.
Related articles:
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum1
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum2
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum3
Sarcophagus,Constantinople, Archeology museum4
Return to index.
AsiaMinor
333 BC
Alexander conquered western part of Asia Minor in winter 334-333, reducing to obedience the hill tribes of Lycia and
Pisidia; and in spring 333 he advanced along the coastal road to Perga. At Gordium in Phrygia, tradition records his cutting of
the Gordian knot, which could only be loosed by the man who was to rule Asia. At this point Alexander benefited from the
sudden death of Memnon, the competent Greek commander of the Persian fleet. From Gordium he moved to Ancyra and then
south through Cappadocia and the Cilician Gates. In the meantime, Darius with his Grand Army had advanced northward on
the eastern side of Mt.Amanus.
The Battle of Issus
Intelligence on both sides was imprecise, and the two armies had infact been advancing randomly. Alexander was already
encamped by Myriandrus (near modern Iskenderun, Turkey) when he find out that Darius was astride his line of
communications at Issus, north of Alexander's position (autumn333). Alexander came head to head with King Darius during the
Battle of Issus on the north-east Mediterranean coast. Although Alexander was advancing south he was surprised to find
Darius approaching from his North! Turning, Alexander found Darius drawn up along the Pinarus River. In the battle that
followed, Alexander won a decisive victory, and Darius fled, leaving his family in Alexander's hands.
Alexander was outnumbered many times (perhaps even 10:1). Even so, he held back
a reserve force, for the first time in the military history.
After the battle when he had entered in the Darius's tent in all its luxury, golden bath,
silk carpets .., while Alexander was known for living in modest spartan conditions by
comparison and is reported to have commented:
"So this is what it means to be a King."
The other famous event that gives us an idea about Alexander's and Hephaestion's
friendship, when Alexander had captured Darius's throne tent with treasureof 3000 talents of gold ( US$ 1.2 billion, 1
TALENT = 27 kg Au), with complete imperial escortent; including Darius's mother, Sisygambis; his wife, Stateira; his harem.
and other princesses.
When Alexander and Hephaestion went to meet Sisygambis, she
prostrated herself at the feetof the most kingly figure. She chose by
the mistake the taller Hephaestion! Alexander is said to have
responded rather friendly:
"Don't worry mother, he is Alexander too."
Alexander treated all the women with great respect "due to their
station". An interesting fact is that later when Sisygambis had an
opportunity to return to Persians, she had refused.
Related articles and paintings on the net:
PaoloVeronese: The Family of Darius before Alexander
Alexander's Generosity, Plutarch
Return to index.
Conquestof Syria, Phoenicia and Egypt
332 BC
With the intention to isolate the Persian fleet from its maritime bases and so to destroy it as an effective fighting force, from
Issus Alexander marched south into Syria and Phoenicia. The Phoenician cities Marathus and Aradus came over with no
resistance. In reply to a letter from Darius offering peace, Alexander replied with detemination, demanding unconditional
surrender to himself as lord of Asia.
After taking Byblos and Sidon , he met serious resistance at Tyre, where he was refused entry into the island city. The Tyrians
walled themselves in their island fortress. Alexander couldn't leave them to attack his rear and he could not attack by sea so he
decided to build a land bridge, which still exists. He succeeded finally only after seven months, not by land but in a very brutal
naval battle; the Tyrians fired red hot sand at Alexander's fleet. The storming of Tyre in July 332 was Alexander's greatest
military achievement; it was attended with great massacre and the sale of the women and children into slavery.
In the meantime (winter 333-332) the Persians had counter attacked by land in Asia Minor, but they were defeated by
Antigonus, the satrap of Greater Phrygia. In the mean time by sea, Persians succeeded to recapture various Jonian cities and
islands.
During the siege of Tyre, Darius sent a letter with his offer: he wanted to pay ransom of 10,000 talents for his family and
cede all his lands west of the Euphrates.On that occasion Alexander's general Parmenio advised him to accept.
"I would accept, were I Alexander." Parmenio said ;
"I too, were I Parmenio!" was Alexander's famous retort;
Leaving Parmenio in Syria, Alexander advanced south without opposition until he reached Gaza on its high mound; there
bitter resistance halted him for two months, and he sustained a serious shoulder wound during a sortie.
PERSEUS PROJECT, at Tyre,Diodorus,HistoricalLibrary 17.41.1
Alexander in Egypt
In November 332 he reached Egypt, and the Egyptians welcomed him as their liberator. The Persian satrap Mazaces
surrendered with no resistance. At Memphis Alexander was sacrificed to Apis, (Hapi) , and was crowned with the traditional
double crown of the pharaohs of Egypt; the egyptian priests were placated and their religion encouraged.
Alexander organized Egypt employing Egyptian governors, while keeping the army under a separate Macedonian command.
He founded the city of Alexandria near the western arm of the Nile between the sea and Lake Mareotis, protected by the
island of Pharos, and had it projected by the famous Rhodian architect Deinocrates. From Alexandria he marched along the
coast to Paraetonium and from there inland to [visit](https://www.dropl.io/) the celebrated oracle of Amon at Siwah. About 570 B.C., the Pharaoh
Amasis rebuilt a temple in Siwa dedicated to the Amon (also Amun, Ammon).
Tradition claims that in Egypt Dionysus founded the oracle of Ammon. One day he was wandering in the waterless
desert with his followers when they saw a solitary ram. As they followed the animal it disappeared, but a spring of
water was found where it had been. There the god placed the oracle, and set the ram in in heaven as the constellation
of Aries. ...When the gods fled to Egypt from the monstrous Typhon, Dionysus changed himself into goat...
The temple oracle was one of the most famous in antiquity and was famed for being able to answer difficult question.
According tradition he was descended from the heroes Heracles and Perseus. Both ofthese heroes had visited the oracle in
their lifetime, and Alexander felt it is appropriate that he visit it as well. On Alexander reaching the oracle in its oasis, the priest
gave him the traditional salutation of a pharaoh, as son of Ammon; Alexander consulted the oracle and : Oracle proclaimed
Alexan .
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<h1>Welcome to
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Web Page</h1>
<br>
<br>
<p>
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<table width=100% cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 border=4>
<th> Click on EVENTS below for a calendar of Pyr and dog events for 2013. Club evnts will be posted after Annual Meeting, 10 March.
</th>
</table>
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<p>
Hi. I'm Penny, a Great Pyrenees (Pyrenean Mountain Dog for our European visitors) bitch (as in female canine, no reflection on my charming personality) from the Pennsylvania Dutch (German) region of southeastern Pennsylvania, USA.
<br>
<br>
While this HTML stuff isn't easy without opposable thumbs, it's my pleasure to share news, information and gossip with Cyber Pyrs and their people. Visitors in a hurry can click on one of the (slightly muddy) pawprints below corresponding to the topic they wish to view. For additional information about Pyrs and their people, visit the <a href="http://www.penndutch.org">Penn-Dutch Great Pyrenees Club</a> page.
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<th width=12%><a href=#humor><img src="lgpaw3.gif" border=0></a></th>
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<th width=12%><a href="http://www.eastpennpyrrescue.org"><img src="lgpaw4.gif" border=0></a></th>
</tr>
<font size=2>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Humor</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Photos</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Chat Lists</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Links</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Health</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Training</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Events</b></td>
<td align=center><font size=2><b>Rescue</b></td>
</font>
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<br>
<br>
<img align=left src="imprint.gif"><br><br> <h2><A NAME=humor>Humor</a></h1>
A variety of humorous articles by Penn-Dutch Pyrs (with a little help from their people).
<p>
<dd><a href="ad.html"><img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>Around Dutchland, Penny's column in the Penn-Dutch Great Pyrenees Club newsletter
<br>
<dd><a href="mylife.html"><img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>My Life as a Rescue Dog, a 1st Pyrson account by Clondike Kintsfather
<br>
<dd><a href="mylife-a.html"><img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>My Life as a Rescue Dog--Continued, a 1st Pyrson account by Abigail Kintsfather
<br>
<dd><a href="clonder.html"><img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>Clonderella & the Evil Stepbitches, a Pyrenean Fairy Tale
<p>
<br>
<img align=left src="imprint.gif"><br><br> <h2><A NAME=photos>Photos</a></h2>
Photos of a variety of Pyrs and their people will be featured here. All photos are by David Kintsfather unless otherwise specified.
<p>
<dd><a href="photos.html#gpca"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>Great Pyrenees Club of America (GPCA) and other Pyr Events
<br>
<dd><a href="photos.html#pyrfun"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>Pyrs Just Want to Have Fun
<br>
<p>
<br>
<img align=left src="imprint.gif"><br><br> <h2><A NAME=chat>Chat Lists</a></h2></b>
A variety of Internet chat lists have been launched for Pyrs and their people. Instructions for joining some of Penny's favorites are shown below.<br><br>
<blockquote>
<li><b><i>PyrNet-L.</b></i> E-mail <a href="mailto:esquire@pyrnet.org">esquire@pyrnet.org</a> with the following command in the <b>BODY</b> of the message: SUBSCRIBE PYRNET-L. Do <b>NOT</b> put your name in the message!<br><br>
<li><b><i>Pyr-L.</b></i> E-mail <a href="mailto:listserv@apple.ease.lsoft.com"> listserv@apple.ease.lsoft.com</a> with the following command in the <b>BODY</b> of the message: SUBSCRIBE PYR-L yourfirstname yourlastname.
<br><br>
<li><b><i>Great Pyrenees Discussion List.</b></i> For more information and instructions on joining, <a href="http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/great_pyrenees/">click here</a>.
<br><br>
<li><b><i>Pyrspectives.</b></i> For more information and instructions on joining, <a href="http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/pyrspectives/">click here</a>.
</blockquote>
<p><br>
<img align=left src="imprint.gif"><br><br> <h2><A NAME=links>Links</a></h2>
There are now many Pyr-related pages on the World Wide Web. Some of Penny's favorites can be visited from here.
<p>
<dd><a href="links.html#natclubs"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>National Pyr Clubs
<br>
<dd><a href="links.html#regclubs"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>US Regional Pyr Clubs
<br>
<dd><a href="links.html#breedinf"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>Other Great Breed-Related Information
<br>
<dd><a href="links.html#doginf"> <img src="bulpaw3.gif" align=top border=0></a>General Dog-Related Information
<br>
<br><br>
<p>
<br>
<img align=left src="imprint.gif"><br><br> <h2>More to Come</h2>
Check back soon for more photos, articles and links to neat Pyr information.
<br>
Penny would love to hear from Pyrs and their people. E-mail: <a href="mailto:Penny@pyrbred.org">Penny@pyrbred.org</a>. <img src="mail2.gif" align=absbottom>
<p>
<hr><br>
<dd>According to <a href="http://www.digits.com/">Web-Counter</a> you are visitor number <img src="http://counter.digits.com/wc/-d/4/pyrbred" WIDTH=75 HEIGHT=20><br>
<dd>This page is maintained by David Kintsfather. Send comments to: <a href="mailto:david@pyrbred.org">david@pyrbred.org</a>
<P>
<I>All material on Penny's pages may be reproduced electronically or otherwise, as long as it is for non-commercial use and credit is given to the original author/photographer and this Web Page.</I>
<p><H5>
Established: March 13, 1996<br>
Last Modified: Feb. 7, 2013</H5></b>
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|
Penny Pyrbred's Web Page
# Welcome to
Penny Pyrbred's
Web Page
Click on EVENTS below for a calendar of Pyr and dog events for 2013. Club evnts will be posted after Annual Meeting, 10 March.
|
Hi. I'm Penny, a Great Pyrenees (Pyrenean Mountain Dog for our European visitors) bitch (as in female canine, no reflection on my charming personality) from the Pennsylvania Dutch (German) region of southeastern Pennsylvania, USA.
While this HTML stuff isn't easy without opposable thumbs, it's my pleasure to share news, information and gossip with Cyber Pyrs and their people. Visitors in a hurry can click on one of the (slightly muddy) pawprints below corresponding to the topic they wish to view. For additional information about Pyrs and their people, visit the [Penn-Dutch Great Pyrenees Club](http://www.penndutch.org) page.
| | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
**Humor** |
**Photos** |
**Chat Lists** |
**Links** |
**Health** |
**Training** |
**Events** |
**Rescue** |
## Humor
A variety of humorous articles by Penn-Dutch Pyrs (with a little help from their people).
Around Dutchland, Penny's column in the Penn-Dutch Great Pyrenees Club newsletter
My Life as a Rescue Dog, a 1st Pyrson account by Clondike Kintsfather
My Life as a Rescue Dog--Continued, a 1st Pyrson account by Abigail Kintsfather
Clonderella & the Evil Stepbitches, a Pyrenean Fairy Tale
Photos
Photos of a variety of Pyrs and their people will be featured here. All photos are by David Kintsfather unless otherwise specified.
Great Pyrenees Club of America (GPCA) and other Pyr Events
Pyrs Just Want to Have Fun
Chat Lists
A variety of Internet chat lists have been launched for Pyrs and their people. Instructions for joining some of Penny's favorites are shown below.
- ***PyrNet-L.*** E-mail [esquire@pyrnet.org](mailto:esquire@pyrnet.org) with the following command in the **BODY** of the message: SUBSCRIBE PYRNET-L. Do **NOT** put your name in the message!- ***Pyr-L.*** E-mail [listserv@apple.ease.lsoft.com](mailto:listserv@apple.ease.lsoft.com) with the following command in the **BODY** of the message: SUBSCRIBE PYR-L yourfirstname yourlastname.
- ***Great Pyrenees Discussion List.*** For more information and instructions on joining, [click here](http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/great_pyrenees/).
- ***Pyrspectives.*** For more information and instructions on joining, [click here](http://www.groups.yahoo.com/group/pyrspectives/).
Links
There are now many Pyr-related pages on the World Wide Web. Some of Penny's favorites can be visited from here.
National Pyr Clubs
US Regional Pyr Clubs
Other Great Breed-Related Information
General Dog-Related Information
More to Come
Check back soon for more photos, articles and links to neat Pyr information.
Penny would love to hear from Pyrs and their people. E-mail: [Penny@pyrbred.org](mailto:Penny@pyrbred.org).
---
According to [Web-Counter](http://www.digits.com/) you are visitor number
This page is maintained by David Kintsfather. Send comments to: [david@pyrbred.org](mailto:david@pyrbred.org)
*All material on Penny's pages may be reproduced electronically or otherwise, as long as it is for non-commercial use and credit is given to the original author/photographer and this Web Page.*
Established: March 13, 1996
Last Modified: Feb. 7, 2013
---
| | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
**Top of Page** |
**Humor** |
**Photos** |
**Chat** |
**Links** |
**Health** |
**Training** |
**Events** |
**Rescue** |
**Penn-Dutch** |
|
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<h1>George Orwell</h1>
<p>‘Who controls the past controls the future:<br>who controls the present controls the past.’<br><em>George Orwell ‘1984’ (1949)</em></p>
</div>
<div class="t_txt">
<p>George Orwell (1903-1950) (pen name for Eric Arthur Blair) — the famous English writer, is the author of ‘<a href="/library/novels/1984/" tabindex="1">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a>’ (also known as ‘1984’), ‘<a href="/library/novels/Animal_Farm/" tabindex="2">Animal Farm: A Fairy Story</a>’ (or ‘Animal Farm’), ‘<a href="/library/novels/Homage_to_Catalonia/" tabindex="3">Homage to Catalonia</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/Down_and_Out_in_Paris_and_London/" tabindex="4">Down and Out in Paris and London</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/" tabindex="5">The road to Wigan Pier</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/Burmese_Days/" tabindex="6">Burmese Days</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/Keep_the_Aspidistra_Flying/" tabindex="7">Keep the Aspidistra flying</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/A_Clergymans_Daughter/" tabindex="8">A Clergyman's daughter</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/novels/Coming_up_for_Air/" tabindex="9">Coming Up for Air</a>’...</p>
<p>Orwell was also a prolific essayist who produced such works as ‘<a href="/library/essays/wiw/" tabindex="10">Why I Write</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/whale/" tabindex="11">Inside the Whale</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/lion/" tabindex="12">The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/Spanish_War/" tabindex="13">Looking back on the Spanish War</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/politics/" tabindex="14">Politics and the English Language</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/nationalism/" tabindex="15">Notes on Nationalism</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/prevention/" tabindex="16">The Prevention of Literature</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/essays/lear/" tabindex="17">Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/hanging/" tabindex="18">A Hanging</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/elephant/" tabindex="19">Shooting an Elephant</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/dickens/" tabindex="20">Charles Dickens</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/marrakech/" tabindex="21">Marrakech</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/totalitarianism/" tabindex="22">Literature and Totalitarianism</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/leviathan/" tabindex="23">Writers and Leviathan</a>’ in addition to many articles, including ‘<a href="/library/articles/As_I_Please/" tabindex="24">As I Please</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/ABomb/" tabindex="25">You and the Atomic Bomb</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/European_Unity/" tabindex="26">Toward European Unity</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/criminals/" tabindex="27">Who are the War Criminals?</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/pacifism/" tabindex="28">Pacifism and the War</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/My_Country/" tabindex="29">My Country Right or Left</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/nose/" tabindex="30">In Front of Your Nose</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/revenge/" tabindex="31">Revenge is Sour</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/articles/germany/" tabindex="32">Future of a ruined Germany</a>’...</p>
</div>
<h2><img class="Orwell" src="/img/orwell.jpg" height="120" width="90" alt="George Orwell - Eric Arthur Blair"></h2>
<div class="t_txt">
<p>A literary critic who excelled in the genre, Orwell wrote ‘<a href="/library/reviews/gandhi/" tabindex="33">Reflections on Gandhi</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/dali/" tabindex="34">Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dali</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/wells/" tabindex="35">Wells, Hitler and the World State</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/kipling/" tabindex="36">Rudyard Kipling</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/twain/" tabindex="37">Mark Twain — The Licensed Jester</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/plum/" tabindex="38">In Defence of P. G. Wodehouse</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/chase/" tabindex="39">Raffles and Miss Blandish</a>’, ‘<a href="/library/reviews/McGill/" tabindex="40">The Art of Donald McGill</a>’ etc.</p>
<p>Dag's Orwell Project is comprehensive, offering all of Orwell's main works in both English and Russian. Orwell fans will also discover a large <a href="/bio/gallery/" tabindex="41">photo gallery</a> here — with the opportunity to access a selection of photos from Orwell's life as well as the extracts from biography written by Sir Bernard Crick — ‘<a href="/a_life/Bernard_Crick/" tabindex="42">George Orwell: A Life</a>’ and a complete Orwell bibliography. The section ‘A Life’ features critiques on Orwell's work and discussions devoted to the writer's continuing relevance in today's world.</p>
<p>This web-site also features full text versions of Aldous Huxley's ‘<a href="/library/others/huxley/" tabindex="43">Brave New World</a>’ and Evgeny Zamyatin's ‘<a href="/library/others/zamyatin/my/" tabindex="44">WE</a>’ (in Russian only so far).</p>
<p>If you find anything interesting about George Orwell or his work not presented here, be free to send e-mail to me on <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e2868385c4c1d4d6d98d90c4c1d3d3dbd9878e8ecc9097" title="E-mail address" tabindex="45">dag@orwell.ru</a>. If you want to make donation, then read this page: <a href="/info/donate_en">https://orwell.ru/info/donate_en</a>. Enjoy and welcome.<span class="next"> [continue: <a href="/home.html" title="Home page" tabindex="46">https://orwell.ru/home</a>]</span></p>
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<p>____<br>Index in Russian language:<br>URL: <a href="/index_ru" title="Index in Russian language" accesskey="w" tabindex="47">http://or<b>w</b>ell.ru/index_ru</a></p>
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George Orwell - Eric Arthur Blair. Novels. Essays. Articles. Reviews. Biography. Bibliography.
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# George Orwell
‘Who controls the past controls the future:
who controls the present controls the past.’
*George Orwell ‘1984’ (1949)*
George Orwell (1903-1950) (pen name for Eric Arthur Blair) — the famous English writer, is the author of ‘[Nineteen Eighty-Four](/library/novels/1984/)’ (also known as ‘1984’), ‘[Animal Farm: A Fairy Story](/library/novels/Animal_Farm/)’ (or ‘Animal Farm’), ‘[Homage to Catalonia](/library/novels/Homage_to_Catalonia/)’, ‘[Down and Out in Paris and London](/library/novels/Down_and_Out_in_Paris_and_London/)’, ‘[The road to Wigan Pier](/library/novels/The_Road_to_Wigan_Pier/)’, ‘[Burmese Days](/library/novels/Burmese_Days/)’, ‘[Keep the Aspidistra flying](/library/novels/Keep_the_Aspidistra_Flying/)’, ‘[A Clergyman's daughter](/library/novels/A_Clergymans_Daughter/)’, ‘[Coming Up for Air](/library/novels/Coming_up_for_Air/)’...
Orwell was also a prolific essayist who produced such works as ‘[Why I Write](/library/essays/wiw/)’, ‘[Inside the Whale](/library/essays/whale/)’, ‘[The Lion and the Unicorn: Socialism and the English Genius](/library/essays/lion/)’, ‘[Looking back on the Spanish War](/library/essays/Spanish_War/)’, ‘[Politics and the English Language](/library/essays/politics/)’, ‘[Notes on Nationalism](/library/essays/nationalism/)’, ‘[The Prevention of Literature](/library/essays/prevention/)’, ‘[Lear, Tolstoy and the Fool](/library/essays/lear/)’, ‘[A Hanging](/library/articles/hanging/)’, ‘[Shooting an Elephant](/library/articles/elephant/)’, ‘[Charles Dickens](/library/reviews/dickens/)’, ‘[Marrakech](/library/articles/marrakech/)’, ‘[Literature and Totalitarianism](/library/articles/totalitarianism/)’, ‘[Writers and Leviathan](/library/articles/leviathan/)’ in addition to many articles, including ‘[As I Please](/library/articles/As_I_Please/)’, ‘[You and the Atomic Bomb](/library/articles/ABomb/)’, ‘[Toward European Unity](/library/articles/European_Unity/)’, ‘[Who are the War Criminals?](/library/articles/criminals/)’, ‘[Pacifism and the War](/library/articles/pacifism/)’, ‘[My Country Right or Left](/library/articles/My_Country/)’, ‘[In Front of Your Nose](/library/articles/nose/)’, ‘[Revenge is Sour](/library/articles/revenge/)’, ‘[Future of a ruined Germany](/library/articles/germany/)’...
## George Orwell - Eric Arthur Blair
A literary critic who excelled in the genre, Orwell wrote ‘[Reflections on Gandhi](/library/reviews/gandhi/)’, ‘[Benefit of Clergy: Some Notes on Salvador Dali](/library/reviews/dali/)’, ‘[Wells, Hitler and the World State](/library/reviews/wells/)’, ‘[Rudyard Kipling](/library/reviews/kipling/)’, ‘[Mark Twain — The Licensed Jester](/library/reviews/twain/)’, ‘[In Defence of P. G. Wodehouse](/library/reviews/plum/)’, ‘[Raffles and Miss Blandish](/library/reviews/chase/)’, ‘[The Art of Donald McGill](/library/reviews/McGill/)’ etc.
Dag's Orwell Project is comprehensive, offering all of Orwell's main works in both English and Russian. Orwell fans will also discover a large [photo gallery](/bio/gallery/) here — with the opportunity to access a selection of photos from Orwell's life as well as the extracts from biography written by Sir Bernard Crick — ‘[George Orwell: A Life](/a_life/Bernard_Crick/)’ and a complete Orwell bibliography. The section ‘A Life’ features critiques on Orwell's work and discussions devoted to the writer's continuing relevance in today's world.
This web-site also features full text versions of Aldous Huxley's ‘[Brave New World](/library/others/huxley/)’ and Evgeny Zamyatin's ‘[WE](/library/others/zamyatin/my/)’ (in Russian only so far).
If you find anything interesting about George Orwell or his work not presented here, be free to send e-mail to me on [dag@orwell.ru](/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#e2868385c4c1d4d6d98d90c4c1d3d3dbd9878e8ecc9097 "E-mail address"). If you want to make donation, then read this page: [https://orwell.ru/info/donate\_en](/info/donate_en). Enjoy and welcome. [continue: [https://orwell.ru/home](/home.html "Home page")]
\_\_\_\_
Index in Russian language:
URL: [http://or**w**ell.ru/index\_ru](/index_ru "Index in Russian language")
[E-mail: [www@orwell.ru](/feedback/ "E-mail address") § C.date:1999-03-24([t](/info/datetime))] ~ [[**C**SS off](/q?a=e&doc=/)]
---
[[**H**ome](/home.html "Home")] [[**B**iography](/bio/ "Biography")] [[**L**ibrary](/library/ "Library")] [[**A** Life](/a_life/ "A Life")] [[**I**nfo & (c)](/info/ "Info & (c)opyrights")] [[Lin**k**s](/links/index.html "Links")] [[Site **m**ap](/map/ "Site map")] [sitemap](https://www.orwell.ru/sitemap.html) [[**S**earch](/search/ "Search orwell.ru")] [[**F**eedback](/feedback/ "Feedback")]
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<title>Big Ideas, Grand Vision</title>
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<div align="center"><a href="Images/logo.html"><img src="Images/BigIdeas.small.jpg" width="226" border="0" height="170"></a></div>
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<p><font size="-1">300 years ago humans left for the stars. On the colonies
humans have discovered marvels, developed new cultures, changed in new
directions - separated by gulfs measured in light-years. But now they
are brought together again. Culture clashes with culture, philosophy
with philosophy. Technologies recombine into something new, something
that can transform humanity or destroy it. Ambitious people plan for
the dynamic future. It is a time for...</font> </p>
<h2 align="center">Big Ideas, Grand Vision</h2>
<font size="2">Big Ideas, Grand Vision is a roleplaying science fiction
setting written by <a href="mailto:asa@nada.kth.se">Anders Sandberg</a>
1999. It is intended as hard science fiction, dealing with the question
"What can humanity become?" It was originally run using the
Alternity system, but should work fine in most other general systems.
</font>
<hr noshade>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="452" valign="top" colspan="3">
<table width="100%" border="0">
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<td>
<h3><a href="introduction.html">Introduction</a></h3>
</td>
<td>- what is this?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="player.html">The World</a></h3>
</td>
<td>- the colonies, their inhabitants and their technology.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="system.html">Rules and System</a> </h3>
</td>
<td>- how to use it in Alternity?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="gm2.html">Gamemaster Information</a></h3>
</td>
<td> - what is going on behind the scenes, how to run a campaign in
this setting.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="ack.html">Acknowledgments</a></h3>
</td>
<td>- who has helped?</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="words.html">Closing Words</a></h3>
</td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<h3><a href="Forum/wwwboard.html">Web Forum</a></h3>
</td>
<td>- a space for comments, discussions and suggestions.</td>
</tr>
</table>
<hr noshade>
<p align="center"><a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;home"><img src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr0.jpg" alt="Alternity Web Ring"
border="0" width="303" height="107"></a><br>
<a href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;prev5">
<img src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr1.jpg" alt="Prev5" border="0"
width="101" height="39"></a><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;prev"><img
src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr2.jpg" alt="Prev" border="0"
width="38" height="39"></a><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;random"><img
src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr3.jpg" alt="Rand" border="0"
width="38" height="39"></a><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;next"><img
src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr4.jpg" alt="Next" border="0"
width="33" height="39"></a><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;next5"><img
src="http://www.flashfind.com/ae/images/awr5.jpg" alt="Next5" border="0"
width="93" height="39"></a></p>
<p align="center"><font size="1">Copyright Anders Sandberg 1999<br> Version 1.1 25 December 1999</font></p>
</td>
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</table>
</body>
</html>
|
Big Ideas, Grand Vision
| |
| --- |
| |
|
300 years ago humans left for the stars. On the colonies
humans have discovered marvels, developed new cultures, changed in new
directions - separated by gulfs measured in light-years. But now they
are brought together again. Culture clashes with culture, philosophy
with philosophy. Technologies recombine into something new, something
that can transform humanity or destroy it. Ambitious people plan for
the dynamic future. It is a time for...
Big Ideas, Grand Vision
Big Ideas, Grand Vision is a roleplaying science fiction
setting written by [Anders Sandberg](mailto:asa@nada.kth.se)
1999. It is intended as hard science fiction, dealing with the question
"What can humanity become?" It was originally run using the
Alternity system, but should work fine in most other general systems.
---
|
|
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Introduction](introduction.html) | - what is this? |
| [The World](player.html) | - the colonies, their inhabitants and their technology. |
| [Rules and System](system.html) | - how to use it in Alternity? |
| [Gamemaster Information](gm2.html) | - what is going on behind the scenes, how to run a campaign in
this setting. |
| [Acknowledgments](ack.html) | - who has helped? |
| [Closing Words](words.html) | |
| [Web Forum](Forum/wwwboard.html) | - a space for comments, discussions and suggestions. |
---
[Alternity Web Ring](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;home)
[Prev5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;prev5)[Prev](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;prev)[Rand](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;random)[Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;next)[Next5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=alternity;id=90;next5)
Copyright Anders Sandberg 1999 Version 1.1 25 December 1999 |
| http://www.aleph.se/Nada/Game/BigIdeas/index.html |
<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 5.0"><meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document"><title>Super Auctions 2003</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.digitpress.com/redstyle.css" type="text/css" title="redstyle"></head><center><h5 align="center"><a href="http://www.digitpress.com/index.htm" target="_top"><img border="0" src="../dpbanner.gif" width="643" height="90"><br></a>Digital Press Goes to<br>Super Auctions (TX)</h5><h3 align="center">by Wes Southern</h3></center><p align="left">On a hot Texas day, a Saturday August 16th, the cream of thecoin-op community got together in Mesquite to sell and trade at Super Auctions.</p><p align="left">The one thing I've learned from these events is there is a bunchof money still changing hands with coin-ops. This is a sellers market. If itmakes money the prices go up. If it doesn't, to the collectors it goes. Severalcollege kids were there who purchased pinball machines to put them in Hotel'saround, say, Austin and make enough money not to have to work. Sounds like agood plan to me!</p><center><table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="4" width="100%"> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20030.jpg"><img src="auction%20030.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 030.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 030.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20031.jpg"><img src="auction%20031.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 031.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 031.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20032.jpg"><img src="auction%20032.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 032.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 032.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="99%" colspan="3"> <h1 align="left">Pictures are not usually allowed at Super Auctions, but I had on my DP T-shirt giving me mad press props! The reason for the no pictures is that these are not home owned coin-ops where one would clean the dust off with silk and many are used and horribly abused cabs. Super Auctions doesn't control what is brought in the door. There were two Tron conversions there that I saw. One you could see the Tron inner cab artwork and the Black light but it would be a Golf game of some sort. I almost shed a few tears.</h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20034.jpg"><img src="auction%20034.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 034.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 034.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20035.jpg"><img src="auction%20035.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 035.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 035.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20036.jpg"><img src="auction%20036.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 036.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 036.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="99%" colspan="3"> <h1 align="left">This last Saturday you could find pretty much everything that made money in the last 10 years. Plus anything else that has to be moved out for whatever reason. Lots of coin operated Pool tables, Air Hockey; Dart machines were lining the usual right side of the warehouse. Table tops and Cocktails right next to the concession stand. And big ass driving/dancing/specialty games in the back. </h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20037.jpg"><img src="auction%20037.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 037.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 037.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20039.jpg"><img src="auction%20039.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 039.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 039.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20040.jpg"><img src="auction%20040.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 040.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 040.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20041.jpg"><img src="auction%20041.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 041.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 041.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20042.jpg"><img src="auction%20042.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 042.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 042.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20043.jpg"><img src="auction%20043.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 043.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 043.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20045.jpg"><img src="auction%20045.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 045.jpg" width="100" height="150"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 045.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20046.jpg"><img src="auction%20046.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 046.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 046.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auction%20049.jpg"><img src="auction%20049.jpg" border="0" alt="auction 049.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auction 049.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="left" width="99%" colspan="3"> <h1>The first rows are the "Collector" cabs. There were several noteworthy items this August 16th. There was a German mini-Frogger cab (interesting seeing Frogger instructions in German), A couple of Bubble machines, a Joust 2 and Dig Dug 2, a Space Wars cab, Breakout and the like. Auctioning was a little out of control though. The first auction was for a Ms. Pacman that wasn't even mint, side art painted poorly by hand, almost going for $1000! There were a couple of nice cabs to be had for cheap though, an Escape from the Planet of the Robots for $225.</h1> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auctioner1.jpg"><img src="auctioner1.jpg" border="0" alt="auctioner1.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auctioner1.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auctioner2.jpg"><img src="auctioner2.jpg" border="0" alt="auctioner2.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auctioner2.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auctioner3.jpg"><img src="auctioner3.jpg" border="0" alt="auctioner3.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auctioner3.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auctioner4.jpg"><img src="auctioner4.jpg" border="0" alt="auctioner4.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auctioner4.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="auctioner5.jpg"><img src="auctioner5.jpg" border="0" alt="auctioner5.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">auctioner5.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="breakout.jpg"><img src="breakout.jpg" border="0" alt="breakout.jpg" width="100" height="150"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">breakout.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr></center><tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="99%" colspan="3"> <h1 align="left">Darren Sulfridge gave me a play by play of each item as we passed them.<br> "This used to be a Joust, you can tell by this corner of the cab."<br> "See the inside art? Tron."<br> "Man, this stick is shot to hell!"<br> He would tell me what it would take to fix an old Arcade game, "This needs a new CPO and the side art is messed up." I must admit I am a quite clueless to the coin-op scene beyond my personal holy grails (Tempest.. you will be mine!) so it was good to be surrounded by experts in the subject. </h1> </td></tr><center><tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="ddr%20wannabe.jpg"><img src="ddr%20wannabe.jpg" border="0" alt="ddr wannabe.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">ddr wannabe.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="dig%20dug%202%20closeup.jpg"><img src="dig%20dug%202%20closeup.jpg" border="0" alt="dig dug 2 closeup.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">dig dug 2 closeup.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="gamespriced02.jpg"><img src="gamespriced02.jpg" border="0" alt="gamespriced02.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">gamespriced02.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td></tr><tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="gamespriced03.jpg"><img src="gamespriced03.jpg" border="0" alt="gamespriced03.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">gamespriced03.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="gamespriced04.jpg"><img src="gamespriced04.jpg" border="0" alt="gamespriced04.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">gamespriced04.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="gamespriced05.jpg"><img src="gamespriced05.jpg" border="0" alt="gamespriced05.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">gamespriced05.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td></tr><tr> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="gamespriced07.jpg"><img src="gamespriced07.jpg" border="0" alt="gamespriced07.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">gamespriced07.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="joust2.jpg"><img src="joust2.jpg" border="0" alt="joust2.jpg" width="100" height="150"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">joust2.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td> <td valign="center" align="center" width="33%"> <table align="center" border="0" cellspacing="2"> <tr> <td height="156" valign="center" align="center"><a href="like%20a%20deer%20caught%20in%20the%20headlights.jpg"><img src="like%20a%20deer%20caught%20in%20the%20headlights.jpg" border="0" alt="like a deer caught in the headlights.jpg" width="200" height="133"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="center" align="center">like a deer caught in the headlights.jpg<br> </td> </tr> </table> </td></tr></table></center><p align="left"> </p><center><table bordercolor="#FFFFFF" border="0" cellpadding="10"> <tr align="center" valign="middle"> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#C70405"> <table width="100%" border="0" align="center"> <tr bordercolor="#FFFFFF"> <td><font color="#FFFFFF"> <!--Previous--></font></td> <td><a href="http://www.digitpress.com"><font color="#FFFFFF">Home</font></a></td> <td><a href="index0002.htm"><font color="#FFFFFF">Next</font></a></td> </tr> </table> </td> </tr> <tr align="center" valign="middle"> <td colspan="3" bgcolor="#C70405"><font color="#FFFFFF">1 <a href="index0002.htm">2</a></font></td> </tr></table></center><font color="#FF0000"><p align="center"><a target="_top" href="http://www.digitpress.com">
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Super Auctions 2003##### Digital Press Goes toSuper Auctions (TX)
### by Wes Southern
On a hot Texas day, a Saturday August 16th, the cream of thecoin-op community got together in Mesquite to sell and trade at Super Auctions.
The one thing I've learned from these events is there is a bunchof money still changing hands with coin-ops. This is a sellers market. If itmakes money the prices go up. If it doesn't, to the collectors it goes. Severalcollege kids were there who purchased pinball machines to put them in Hotel'saround, say, Austin and make enough money not to have to work. Sounds like agood plan to me!
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| Pictures are not usually allowed at Super Auctions, but I had on my DP T-shirt giving me mad press props! The reason for the no pictures is that these are not home owned coin-ops where one would clean the dust off with silk and many are used and horribly abused cabs. Super Auctions doesn't control what is brought in the door. There were two Tron conversions there that I saw. One you could see the Tron inner cab artwork and the Black light but it would be a Golf game of some sort. I almost shed a few tears. |
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| [auction 034.jpg](auction%20034.jpg) |
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| This last Saturday you could find pretty much everything that made money in the last 10 years. Plus anything else that has to be moved out for whatever reason. Lots of coin operated Pool tables, Air Hockey; Dart machines were lining the usual right side of the warehouse. Table tops and Cocktails right next to the concession stand. And big ass driving/dancing/specialty games in the back. |
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| [auction 037.jpg](auction%20037.jpg) |
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| [auction 049.jpg](auction%20049.jpg) |
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| The first rows are the "Collector" cabs. There were several noteworthy items this August 16th. There was a German mini-Frogger cab (interesting seeing Frogger instructions in German), A couple of Bubble machines, a Joust 2 and Dig Dug 2, a Space Wars cab, Breakout and the like. Auctioning was a little out of control though. The first auction was for a Ms. Pacman that wasn't even mint, side art painted poorly by hand, almost going for $1000! There were a couple of nice cabs to be had for cheap though, an Escape from the Planet of the Robots for $225. |
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| <breakout.jpg> |
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| Darren Sulfridge gave me a play by play of each item as we passed them. "This used to be a Joust, you can tell by this corner of the cab." "See the inside art? Tron." "Man, this stick is shot to hell!" He would tell me what it would take to fix an old Arcade game, "This needs a new CPO and the side art is messed up." I must admit I am a quite clueless to the coin-op scene beyond my personal holy grails (Tempest.. you will be mine!) so it was good to be surrounded by experts in the subject. |
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| [ddr wannabe.jpg](ddr%20wannabe.jpg) |
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| [dig dug 2 closeup.jpg](dig%20dug%202%20closeup.jpg) |
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| [like a deer caught in the headlights.jpg](like%20a%20deer%20caught%20in%20the%20headlights.jpg) |
| like a deer caught in the headlights.jpg |
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<FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"><B>Six Old Kilns<BR></B></FONT><B></B><A HREF="http://www.anagama.jp/En/articles/six_valley.html"><B><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Outside review<BR>by Shiho Kanzaki</FONT></B></A><BR><BR><IMG ID="Picture96" HEIGHT=87 WIDTH=92 SRC="./assets/images/icon-guidebook-master.gif" VSPACE=0 HSPACE=0 ALIGN="TOP" BORDER=0 ALT="Pottery Guidebook" TITLE="Pottery Guidebook"><BR><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Enjoy the tour !</FONT>
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</FONT><A NOF="LS_E" HREF="javascript:void(0)" onclick="window.open('http://www.gotheborg.com/marks/index_jap_marks.htm','WindowName','toolbar=yes,location=yes,menubar=yes,scrollbars=yes,width=700,height=540')"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Trademarks</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/raku-yaki.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Raku-yaki</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/other_styles.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Sansai</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/seto.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Seto</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/shigaraki.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Shigaraki</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/mingei.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Shodai-yaki</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/other_styles.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Takatori</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/tamba.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Tamba</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/tenmoku.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Tenmoku</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/tokoname.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Tokoname</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/yakishime.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Yakishime</FONT></A><BR><A HREF="./html/timeline.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Yayoi</FONT></A><BR> </P>
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<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><IMG ID="Picture95" HEIGHT=377 WIDTH=369 SRC="./assets/images/master-map-July-2003-trans.gif" BORDER=0 ALT="Styles Map - Major Styles of Japanese Pottery, copyright EY-NET and e-Yakimono.net" TITLE="Styles Map - Major Styles of Japanese Pottery, copyright EY-NET and e-Yakimono.net" USEMAP="#map1"><MAP NAME="map1"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Mashiko and Mingei Pottery" COORDS="259,153,324,176" HREF="./html/mingei.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Shigaraki Style Pottery" COORDS="95,177,195,193" HREF="./html/shigaraki.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Raku-Yaki" COORDS="54,197,156,207" HREF="./html/raku-yaki.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Kyo-Yaki" COORDS="63,209,155,219" HREF="./html/kyo-yaki.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Tamba" COORDS="13,223,94,234" HREF="./html/tamba.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Bizen" COORDS="52,242,149,255" HREF="./html/bizen.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Hagi" COORDS="63,258,165,271" HREF="./html/hagi.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Arita, Imari, Porcelain" COORDS="84,328,194,341" HREF="./html/porcelain.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Karatsu" COORDS="69,301,161,313" HREF="./html/karatsu.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Agano, Takatori, Other Styles" COORDS="2,256,49,287" HREF="./html/other_styles.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Iga" COORDS="249,261,303,279" HREF="./html/iga.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Tokoname" COORDS="227,230,331,242" HREF="./html/tokoname.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Seto" COORDS="228,218,315,230" HREF="./html/seto.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Mino and Ki-seto" COORDS="223,205,308,217" HREF="./html/mino.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Echizen" COORDS="205,196,309,204" HREF="./html/echizen.html"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Kutani and Other Porcelain" COORDS="209,183,314,195" HREF="./html/porcelain.html#kutani"><AREA SHAPE=RECT ALT="Mumyoi-style Pottery from Sado Island" COORDS="161,117,269,142" HREF="./html/mumyoi.html"></MAP></TD>
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<FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"><BR>Although you don't need to know much about Japanese pottery to enjoy using it, there is a fascinating culture just below the surface (regional styles, histories, influence from China and Korea, and much more). <BR><BR>There are several "schools" of Japanese pottery, all of which are focused on a region and the nature of the clay that is found there. There are six main schools, or kilns, in Japan, some dating back to the twelfth century. These schools and their modern-day locations are: </FONT>
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<LI><A HREF="./html/bizen.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Bizen (Okayama)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
<LI><A HREF="./html/shigaraki.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Shigaraki (Shiga)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
<LI><A HREF="./html/seto.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Seto (Aichi)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
<LI><A HREF="./html/echizen.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Echizen (Fukui)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
<LI><A HREF="./html/tamba.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Tamba (Hyogo)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
<LI><A HREF="./html/tokoname.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Tokoname (Aichi)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> </FONT></LI>
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<P><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">There are others areas as well, like </FONT><A HREF="./html/karatsu.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Karatsu</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> from Saga, and </FONT><A HREF="./html/hagi.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Hagi</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> from Yamaguchi, </FONT><A HREF="./html/iga.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Iga</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> from Mie, </FONT><A HREF="./html/mino.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Mino</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> from Gifu (including </FONT><A HREF="./html/mino.html#shino"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Shino</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">, </FONT><A HREF="./html/mino.html#oribe"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Oribe</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">, </FONT><A HREF="./html/mino.html#setoguro"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Setoguro</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">, and </FONT><A HREF="./html/mino.html#kiseto"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Ki-Seto</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">), and </FONT><A HREF="./html/kyo-yaki.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Kyo-yaki</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">, a Kyoto style that came about with the Edo-Period (1603 - 1867) lifestyle. <BR><BR><IMG ID="Picture28" HEIGHT=125 WIDTH=97 SRC="./assets/images/temp3.gif" VSPACE=0 HSPACE=6 ALIGN="RIGHT" BORDER=0 ALT="thumbnail" TITLE="thumbnail">The six main schools are called <I>"rokkouyo"</I> in Japanese. The term "rokkouyo" is out of date and in a sense not true. At least 77 other ancient kiln sites belonging to the </FONT><A HREF="./html/timeline.html#sueki"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Sue tradition</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> (5th to 12th centuries) have been discovered, leaving the "six old kiln" theory in the shard pile. The theory's lingering presence really reflects the current popularity of the six schools while excluding other wonderful medieval styles such as Iga. <BR><BR>Each ceramic style has its own special qualities and characteristic appearances, although there is some overlap. This is a function of not only styles, but also the chemical composition of the clay of the region. Minerals like iron and magnesium fuse with the clay to provide different colors and surface textures, and combine with other factors like the type of wood used to fire a kiln to provide a unique style. Some of these styles are more porous, others are smoother, lending themselves to glazing. <BR><BR>Even from within the same region, mountain clay and rice-field clay give rise to different qualities </FONT><A HREF="./html/clays.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">(see Clay for more).</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> The kama (kilns) within which the pieces are fired are vastly different as well. There are tall, climbing, multi-chambered kilns known as "noborigama," and there are also simpler, single-chambered kilns known as "anagama." </FONT><A HREF="./html/kilns.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">(see Kilns for more)</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> Some artists fire pieces for only a few days, and some fire pieces for as long as several weeks. The interaction of the ash from the wood used as fuel and the clay gives rise to the various characteristic appearances (see </FONT><A HREF="./html/glazes.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Glazes</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif"> and </FONT><A HREF="./html/keshiki.html"><FONT COLOR="#993300" SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">Keshiki</FONT></A><FONT SIZE="-1" CLASS="normal" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,Geneva,Sans-serif,sans-serif">). Most of these will change color to some degree as they are used, as water and other elements impart subtle chemical reactions.<BR><BR></FONT>
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**Six Old Kilns**[**Outside reviewby Shiho Kanzaki**](http://www.anagama.jp/En/articles/six_valley.html)Pottery GuidebookEnjoy the tour !
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta charset="utf-8"/>
<title>Raycasting</title>
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"content-type" />
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<body>
<h1>Lode's Computer Graphics Tutorial</h1>
<h1>Raycasting<br /></h1>
<h2>Table of Contents<br /></h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#Introduction">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#The_Basic_Idea_">The Basic Idea</a></li>
<li><a href="#Untextured_Raycaster_">Untextured Raycaster</a></li>
<li><a href="#Textured_Raycaster">Textured Raycaster</a></li>
<li><a href="#Wolfenstein_3D_Textures_">Wolfenstein 3D Textures</a><br /></li>
<li><a href="#Performance">Performance Considerations</a><br /></li>
</ul>
<a href="index.html">Back to Index</a>
<h2><a name="Introduction" id="Introduction"></a>Introduction</h2>
Raycasting is a rendering technique to create a 3D perspective in a
2D map. Back when computers were slower it wasn't possible to run
real 3D engines in realtime, and raycasting was the first solution.
Raycasting can go very fast, because only a calculation has to be
done for every vertical line of the screen. The most well known
game that used this technique, is of course Wolfenstein 3D.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/wolf3d.jpg" style="width: 320px; height: 200px;" /><br />
<br />
The raycasting engine of Wolfenstein 3D was very limited, allowing
it to run on a even a 286 computer: all the walls have the same
height and are orthogonal squares on a 2D grid, as can be seen in
this screenshot from a mapeditor for Wolf3D:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/wolfmapedit.jpg" style="width: 319px; height: 239px;" /><br />
<br />
Things like stairs, jumping or height differences are impossible to
make with this engine. Later games such as Doom and Duke Nukem 3D
also used raycasting, but much more advanced engines that allowed
sloped walls, different heights, textured floors and ceilings,
transparent walls, etc... The sprites (enemies, objects and
goodies) are 2D images, but sprites aren't discussed in this
tutorial for now.<br />
<br />
Ray<span style="font-style: italic;">casting</span> is not the same
as ray<span style="font-style: italic;">tracing</span>! Raycasting
is a fast semi-3D technique that works in realtime even on 4MHz
graphical calculators, while raytracing is a realistic rendering
technique that supports reflections and shadows in true 3D scenes,
and only recently computers became fast enough to do it in realtime
for reasonably high resolutions and complex scenes.<br />
<br />
The code of the untextured and textured raycasters is given in this
document completely, but it's quite long, you can also download the
code instead:<br />
<br />
<a href="files/raycaster_flat.cpp">raycaster_flat.cpp</a><br />
<a href=
"files/raycaster_textured.cpp">raycaster_textured.cpp</a><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2><a name="The_Basic_Idea_" id="The_Basic_Idea_"></a>The Basic Idea<br /></h2>
The basic idea of raycasting is as follows: the map is a 2D square
grid, and each square can either be 0 (= no wall), or a positive
value (= a wall with a certain color or texture).<br />
<br />
For every x of the screen (i.e. for every vertical stripe of the
screen), send out a ray that starts at the player location and with
a direction that depends on both the player's looking direction,
and the x-coordinate of the screen. Then, let this ray move forward
on the 2D map, until it hits a map square that is a wall. If it hit
a wall, calculate the distance of this hit point to the player, and
use this distance to calculate how high this wall has to be drawn
on the screen: the further away the wall, the smaller it's on
screen, and the closer, the higher it appears to be. These are all
2D calculations. This image shows a top down overview of two such
rays (red) that start at the player (green dot) and hit blue
walls:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastgrid.gif" style="width: 192px; height: 192px;" /><br />
<br />
To find the first wall that a ray encounters on its way, you have
to let it start at the player's position, and then all the time,
check whether or not the ray is inside a wall. If it's inside a
wall (hit), then the loop can stop, calculate the distance, and
draw the wall with the correct height. If the ray position is not
in a wall, you have to trace it further: add a certain value to
its position, in the direction of the direction of this ray, and
for this new position, again check if it's inside a wall or not.
Keep doing this until finally a wall is hit.<br />
<br />
A human can immediatly see where the ray hits the wall, but it's
impossible to find which square the ray hits immediatly with a
single formula, because a computer can only check a finite number
of positions on the ray. Many raycasters add a constant value to
the ray each step, but then there's a chance that it may miss a
wall! For example, with this red ray, its position was checked at
every red spot:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastmiss.gif" style="width: 192px; height: 192px;" /><br />
<br />
As you can see, the ray goes straight through the blue wall, but
the computer didn't detect this, because it only checked at the
positions with the red dots. The more positions you check, the
smaller the chance that the computer won't detect a wall, but the
more calculations are needed. Here the step distance was halved, so
now he detects that the ray went through a wall, though the
position isn't completely correct:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastmiss2.gif" style="width: 192px; height: 192px;" /><br />
<br />
For infinite precision with this method, an infinitely small step
size, and thus an infinite number of calculations would be needed!
That's pretty bad, but luckily, there's a better method that
requires only very few calculations and yet will detect every wall:
the idea is to check at every side of a wall the ray will
encounter. We give each square width 1, so each side of a wall is
an integer value and the places in between have a value after the
point. Now the step size isn't constant, it depends on the distance
to the next side:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycasthit.gif" style="width: 192px; height: 192px;" /><br />
<br />
As you can see on the image above, the ray hits the wall exactly
where we want it. In the way presented in this tutorial, an
algorithm is used that's based on DDA or "Digital Differential
Analysis". DDA is a fast algorithm typically used on square grids
to find which squares a line hits (for example to draw a line on a
screen, which is a grid of square pixels). So we can also use it to
find which squares of the map our ray hits, and stop the algorithm
once a square that is a wall is hit.<br />
<br />
Some raytracers work with Euclidean angles to represent the
direction of the player and the rays, and determinate the Field Of
View with another angle. I found however that it's much easier to
work with vectors and a camera instead: the position of the player
is always a vector (an x and a y coordinate), but now, we make the
direction a vector as well: so the direction is now determinated by
two values: the x and y coordinate of the direction. A direction
vector can be seen as follows: if you draw a line in the direction
the player looks, through the position of the player, then every
point of the line is the sum of the position of the player, and a
multiple of the direction vector. The length of a direction vector
doesn't really matter, only its direction. Multiplying x and y by
the same value changes the length but keeps the same
direction.<br />
<br />
This method with vectors also requires an extra vector, which is
the camera plane vector. In a true 3D engine, there's also a camera
plane, and there this plane is really a 3D plane so two vectors (u
and v) are required to represent it. Raycasting happens in a 2D map
however, so here the camera plane isn't really a plane, but a line,
and is represented with a single vector. The camera plane should
always be perpendicular on the direction vector. The camera plane
represents the surface of the computer screen, while the direction
vector is perpendicular on it and points inside the screen. The
position of the player, which is a single point, is a point in
front of the camera plane. A certain ray of a certain x-coordinate
of the screen, is then the ray that starts at this player position,
and goes through that position on the screen or thus the camera
plane.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingcamera.gif" style="width: 256px; height: 180px;" /><br />
<br />
The image above represents such a 2D camera. The green spot is the
position (vector "pos"). The black line, ending in the black spot,
represents the direction vector (vector "dir"), so the position of
the black dot is pos+dir. The blue line represents the full camera
plane, the vector from the black dot to the right blue dot
represents the vector "plane", so the position of the right blue
point is pos+dir+plane, and the posistion of the left blue dot is
pos+dir-plane (these are all vector additions).<br />
<br />
The red lines in the image are a few rays. The direction of these
rays is easily calculated out of the camera: it's the sum of the
direction vector of the camear, and a part of the plane vector of
the camera: for example the third red ray on the image, goes
through the right part of the camera plane at the point about 1/3th
of its length. So the direction of this ray is dir + plane*1/3.
This ray direction is the vector rayDir, and the X and Y component
of this vector are then used by the DDA algorithm.<br />
<br />
The two outer lines, are the left and right border of the screen,
and the angle between those two lines is called the Field Of Vision
or FOV. The FOV is determinated by the ratio of the length of the
direction vector, and the length of the plane. Here are a few
examples of different FOV's:<br />
<br />
If the direction vector and the camera plane vector have the same
length, the FOV will be 90°:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingFOV90.gif" style="width: 256px; height: 180px;" /><br />
<br />
If the direction vector is much longer than the camera plane, the
FOV will be much smaller than 90°, and you'll have a very
narrow vision. You'll see everything more detailed though and there
will be less depth, so this is the same as zooming in:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingFOV0.gif" style="width: 118px; height: 307px;" /><br />
<br />
If the direction vector is shorter than the camera plane, the FOV
will be larger than 90° (180° is the maximum, if the
direction vector is close to 0), and you'll have a much wider
vision, like zooming out:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingFOV180.gif" style="width: 255px; height: 69px;" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
When the player rotates, the camera has to rotate, so both the
direction vector and the plane vector have to be rotated. Then, the
rays will all automaticly rotate as well.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingcamerarotate.gif" style="width: 219px; height: 228px;" /><br />
<br />
To rotate a vector, multiply it with the rotation matrix<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: monospace;">[ cos(a) -sin(a)
]</span><br style="font-family: monospace;" />
<span style="font-family: monospace;">[ sin(a) cos(a)
]</span><br />
<br />
If you don't know about vectors and matrices, try to find a
tutorial with google, an appendix about those is planned for this
tutorial later.<br />
<br />
There's nothing that forbids you to use a camera plane that isn't
perpendicular to the direction, but the result will look like a
"skewed" world.<br />
<h2><a name="Untextured_Raycaster_" id="Untextured_Raycaster_"></a>Untextured Raycaster<br /></h2>
Download the source code here: <a href="files/raycaster_flat.cpp">raycaster_flat.cpp</a>
<br /><br />
To start with the basics, we'll begin with an untextured raycaster.
This example also includes an fps counter (frames per second), and
input keys with collision detection to move and rotate.
<br /><br />
The map of the world is a 2D array, where each value represents a
square. If the value is 0, that square represents an empty,
walkthroughable square, and if the value is higher than 0, it
represents a wall with a certain color or texture. The map
declared here is very small, only 24 by 24 squares, and is defined
directly in the code. For a real game, like Wolfenstein 3D, you use
a bigger map and load it from a file instead. All the zero's in the
grid are empty space, so basicly you see a very big room, with a
wall around it (the values 1), a small room inside it (the values
2), a few pilars (the values 3), and a corridor with a room (the
values 4). Note that this code isn't inside any function yet, put
it before the main function starts.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code">#define mapWidth 24
#define mapHeight 24
#define screenWidth 640
#define screenHeight 480
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]=
{
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,0,0,0,5,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
};</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
A first few variables are declared: posX and posY represent the
position vector of the player, dirX and dirY represent the
direction of the player, and planeX and planeY the camera plane of
the player. Make sure the camera plane is perpendicular to the
direction, but you can change the length of it. The ratio between
the length of the direction and the camera plane determinates the
FOV, here the direction vector is a bit longer than the camera
plane, so the FOV will be smaller than 90° (more precisely, the
FOV is 2 * atan(0.66/1.0)=66°, which is perfect for a first person
shooter game). Later on when rotating around with the input keys,
the values of dir and plane will be changed, but they'll always
remain perpendicular and keep the same length.<br />
<br />
The variables time and oldTime will be used to store the time of
the current and the previous frame, the time difference between
these two can be used to determinate how much you should move when
a certain key is pressed (to move a constant speed no matter how
long the calculation of the frames takes), and for the FPS
counter.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code">int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[])
{
double posX = 22, posY = 12; //x and y start position
double dirX = -1, dirY = 0; //initial direction vector
double planeX = 0, planeY = 0.66; //the 2d raycaster version of camera plane
double time = 0; //time of current frame
double oldTime = 0; //time of previous frame</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
The rest of the main function starts now. First, the screen is created with a
resolution of choice. If you pick a large resolution, like
1280*1024, the effect will go quite slow, not because the raycating
algorithm is slow, but simply because uploading a whole screen from
the CPU to the video card goes so slow.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> screen(screenWidth, screenHeight, 0, "Raycaster");</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
After setting up the screen, the gameloop starts, this is the loop
that draws a whole frame and reads the input every time.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> while(!done())
{
</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
Here starts the actual raycasting. The raycasting loop is a for
loop that goes through every x, so there isn't a calculation for
every pixel of the screen, but only for every vertical stripe,
which isn't much at all! To begin the raycasting loop, some
variables are delcared and calculated:<br />
<br />
The ray starts at the position of the player (posX, posY).<br />
<br />
cameraX is the x-coordinate on the camera plane that the current
x-coordinate of the screen represents, done this way so that the
right side of the screen will get coordinate 1, the center of the
screen gets coordinate 0, and the left side of the screen gets
coordinate -1. Out of this, the direction of the ray can be
calculated as was explained earlier: as the sum of the direction
vector, and a part of the plane vector. This has to be done both
for the x and y coordinate of the vector (since adding two vectors
is adding their x-coordinates, and adding their
y-coordinates).<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> for(int x = 0; x < w; x++)
{
//calculate ray position and direction
double cameraX = 2 * x / double(w) - 1; //x-coordinate in camera space
double rayDirX = dirX + planeX * cameraX;
double rayDirY = dirY + planeY * cameraX;</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
In the next code piece, more variables are declared and calculated,
these have relevance to the DDA algorithm:<br />
<br />
mapX and mapY represent the current square of the map the ray is
in. The ray position itself is a floating point number and contains
both info about in which square of the map we are, and <span style=
"font-style: italic;">where</span> in that square we are, but mapX
and mapY are only the coordinates of that square.<br />
<br />
sideDistX and sideDistY are initially the distance the ray has to
travel from its start position to the first x-side and the first
y-side. Later in the code they will be incremented while steps are taken.<br />
<br />
deltaDistX and deltaDistY are the distance the ray has to travel to
go from 1 x-side to the next x-side, or from 1 y-side to the next
y-side. The following image shows the initial sideDistX, sideDistY
and deltaDistX and deltaDistY:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastdelta.gif" style="width: 190px; height: 318px;" /><br />
<br />
When deriving deltaDistX geometrically you get, with Pythagoras, the formulas below.
For the blue triangle (deltaDistX), one side has length 1 (as it is exactly one cell) and the other
has length raydirY / raydirX because it is exaclty the amount of units the ray goes in
the y-direction when taking 1 step in the X-direction. For the green triangle (deltaDistY), the
formula is similar.
<p />
deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY * rayDirY) / (rayDirX * rayDirX))
<br />
deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX * rayDirX) / (rayDirY * rayDirY))
<p />
But this can be simplified to:
<p />
deltaDistX = abs(|rayDir| / rayDirX)
<br />
deltaDistY = abs(|rayDir| / rayDirY)
<p />
Where |rayDir| is the length of the vector rayDirX, rayDirY (that is sqrt(rayDirX * rayDirX + rayDirY * rayDirY)):
you can indeed verify that e.g. sqrt(1 + (rayDirY * rayDirY) / (rayDirX * rayDirX)) equals
abs(sqrt(rayDirX * rayDirX + rayDirY * rayDirY) / rayDirX).
However, we can use 1 instead of |rayDir|, because only the *ratio* between deltaDistX and deltaDistY matters
for the DDA code that follows later below, so we get:
<p />
deltaDistX = abs(1 / rayDirX)
<br />
deltaDistY = abs(1 / rayDirY)
<p />
Due to this, the deltaDist and sideDist values used in the code do not match the lengths shown in the picture above,
but their relative sizes all still match.
<p />
[thanks to Artem for spotting this simplification]
<p />
The variable perpWallDist will be used later to calculate the length
of the ray.<br />
<br />
The DDA algorithm will always jump exactly one square each loop,
either a square in the x-direction, or a square in the y-direction.
If it has to go in the negative or positive x-direction, and the
negative or positive y-direction will depend on the direction of
the ray, and this fact will be stored in stepX and stepY. Those
variables are always either -1 or +1.<br />
<br />
Finally, hit is used to determinate whether or not the coming loop
may be ended, and side will contain if an x-side or a y-side of a
wall was hit. If an x-side was hit, side is set to 0, if an y-side
was hit, side will be 1. By x-side and y-side, I mean the lines of
the grid that are the borders between two squares.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //which box of the map we're in
int mapX = int(posX);
int mapY = int(posY);
//length of ray from current position to next x or y-side
double sideDistX;
double sideDistY;
//length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side
double deltaDistX = (rayDirX == 0) ? 1e30 : std::abs(1 / rayDirX);
double deltaDistY = (rayDirY == 0) ? 1e30 : std::abs(1 / rayDirY);
double perpWallDist;
//what direction to step in x or y-direction (either +1 or -1)
int stepX;
int stepY;
int hit = 0; //was there a wall hit?
int side; //was a NS or a EW wall hit?</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p />
NOTE: If rayDirX or rayDirY are 0, the division through zero is avoided by setting
it to a very high value 1e30. If you are using a language such as C++, Java or JS,
this is not actually needed, as it supports the IEEE 754 floating point standard, which
gives the result Infinity, which works correctly in the code below. However, some other
languages, such as Python, disallow division through zero, so the more generic code that
works everywhere is given above. 1e30 is an arbitrarily chosen high enough number and
can be set to Infinity if your programming language supports assiging that value.
<p />
Now, before the actual DDA can start, first stepX, stepY, and the
initial sideDistX and sideDistY still have to be calculated.<br />
<br />
If the ray direction has a negative x-component, stepX is -1, if
the ray direciton has a positive x-component it's +1. If the
x-component is 0, it doesn't matter what value stepX has since
it'll then be unused.<br />
The same goes for the y-component.<br />
<br />
If the ray direction has a negative x-component, sideDistX is the
distance from the ray starting position to the first side to the
left, if the ray direciton has a positive x-component the first
side to the right is used instead.<br />
The same goes for the y-component, but now with the first side
above or below the position.<br />
For these values, the integer value mapX is used and the real
position subtracted from it, and 1.0 is added in some of the cases
depending if the side to the left or right, of the top or the
bottom is used. Then you get the perpendicular distance to this
side, so multiply it with deltaDistX or deltaDistY to get the real
Euclidean distance.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //calculate step and initial sideDist
if (rayDirX < 0)
{
stepX = -1;
sideDistX = (posX - mapX) * deltaDistX;
}
else
{
stepX = 1;
sideDistX = (mapX + 1.0 - posX) * deltaDistX;
}
if (rayDirY < 0)
{
stepY = -1;
sideDistY = (posY - mapY) * deltaDistY;
}
else
{
stepY = 1;
sideDistY = (mapY + 1.0 - posY) * deltaDistY;
}</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
Now the actual DDA starts. It's a loop that increments the ray with
1 square every time, until a wall is hit. Each time, either it
jumps a square in the x-direction (with stepX) or a square in the
y-direction (with stepY), it always jumps 1 square at once. If the
ray's direction would be the x-direction, the loop will only have
to jump a square in the x-direction everytime, because the ray will
never change its y-direction. If the ray is a bit sloped to the
y-direction, then every so many jumps in the x-direction, the ray
will have to jump one square in the y-direction. If the ray is
exactly the y-direction, it never has to jump in the x-direction,
etc...<br />
<br />
sideDistX and sideDistY get incremented with deltaDistX with every
jump in their direction, and mapX and mapY get incremented with
stepX and stepY respectively.<br />
<br />
When the ray has hit a wall, the loop ends, and then we'll know
whether an x-side or y-side of a wall was hit in the variable
"side", and what wall was hit with mapX and mapY. We won't know
exactly where the wall was hit however, but that's not needed in
this case because we won't use textured walls for now.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //perform DDA
while (hit == 0)
{
//jump to next map square, either in x-direction, or in y-direction
if (sideDistX < sideDistY)
{
sideDistX += deltaDistX;
mapX += stepX;
side = 0;
}
else
{
sideDistY += deltaDistY;
mapY += stepY;
side = 1;
}
//Check if ray has hit a wall
if (worldMap[mapX][mapY] > 0) hit = 1;
} </span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
After the DDA is done, we have to calculate the distance of the ray
to the wall, so that we can calculate how high the wall has to be
drawn after this.
<p />
We don't use the Euclidean distance to the point representing player, but
instead the distance to the camera plane (or, the distance of the point
projected on the camera direction to the player), to avoid the fisheye effect.
The fisheye effect is an effect you see if you use the real
distance, where all the walls become rounded, and can make you
sick if you rotate.
<p />
The following image shows why we take distance to camera
plane instead of player. With P the player, and the black line the camera plane:
To the left of the player, a few red rays are shown from hitpoints on the wall to
the player, representing Euclidean distance. On the right side of the player, a
few green rays are shown going from hitpoints on the wall directly to the camera
plane instead of to the player. So the lengths of those green lines are examples
of the perpendicular distance we'll use instead of direct Euclidean distance.
<p />
In the image, the player is looking directly at the wall, and in that case you
would expect the wall's bottom and top to form a perfectly horizontal line on the
screen. However, the red rays all have a different lenght, so would compute different
wall heights for different vertical stripes, hence the rounded effect. The green rays
on the right all have the same length, so will give the correct result. The same
still apllies for when the player rotates (then the camera plane is no longer horizontal
and the green lines will have different lengths, but still with a constant change between each)
and the walls become diagonal but straight lines on the screen. This explanation is somewhat handwavy but gives the idea.
<p />
<img alt="perpWallDist" src="images/raycastdist.png" style="width: 265px; height: 256px;" />
<p />
Note that this part of the code isn't "fisheye correction", such a
correction isn't needed for the way of raycasting used here, the
fisheye effect is simply avoided by the way the distance is
calculated here. It's even easier to calculate this perpendicular
distance than the real distance, we don't even need to know the
exact location where the wall was hit.
<p />
This perpenducular distance is called "perpWallDist" in the code. One way to compute it is
to use the formula for shortest distance from a point to a line, where the point is where the wall
was hit, and the line is the camera plane:
<p />
<img alt="perpWallDist" src="images/raycastperpwalldist2.png" style="width: 305px; height: 309px;" />
<p />
However, it can be computed simpler than that: due to how deltaDist and sideDist were scaled by
a factor of |rayDir| above, the length of sideDist already almost equals perpWallDist. We just need
to subtract deltaDist once from it, going one step back, because in the DDA steps above we went one step
further to end up inside the wall.<br />
<br />
Depending on whether the ray hit an X side or Y side, the formula is computed using sideDistX, or sideDistY.
<p/>
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //Calculate distance projected on camera direction (Euclidean distance would give fisheye effect!)
if(side == 0) perpWallDist = (sideDistX - deltaDistX);
else perpWallDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY);</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<p />
A more detailed derivation of the perpWallDist formula is depicted in the image below, for the side == 1 case.
<p />
Meaning of the points:
<p />
<ul>
<li>P: position of the player, (posX, posY) in the code</li>
<li>H: hitpoint of the ray on the wall. Its y-position is known to be mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2</li>
<li>yDist matches "(mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2 - posY)", this is the y coordinate of the Euclidean distance vector, in world coordinates. Here, (1 - stepY) / 2) is a correction term that is 0 or 1 based on positive or negative y direction, which is also used in the initialization of sideDistY.</li>
<li>dir: the main player looking direction, given by dirX,dirY in the code. The length of this vector is always exactly 1. This matches the looking direction in the center of the screen, as opposed to the direction of the current ray. It is perpendicular to the camera plane, and perpWallDist is parallel to this.</li>
<li>orange dotted line (may be hard to see, use CTRL+scrollwheel or CTRL+plus to zoom in a desktop browser to see it better): the value that was added to dir to get rayDir. Importantly, this is parallel to the camera plane, perpendicular to dir.</li>
<li>A: point of the camera plane closest to H, the point where perpWallDist intersects with camera plane</li>
<li>B: point of X-axis through player closest to H, point where yDist crosses the world X-axis through the player</li>
<li>C: point at player position + rayDirX</li>
<li>D: point at player position + rayDir.</li>
<li>E: This is point D with the dir vector subtracted, in other words, E + dir = D.</li>
<li>points A, B, C, D, E, H and P are used in the explanation below: they form triangles which are considered: BHP, CDP, AHP and DEP.</li>
</ul>
The actual derivation:
<ul>
<li>1: Triangles PBH and PCD have the same shape but different size, so same ratios of edges</li>
<li>2: Given step 1, the triangles show that the ratio yDist / rayDirY is equal to the ratio Euclidean / |rayDir|, so now we can derive perpWallDist = Euclidean / |rayDir| instead.</li>
<li>3: Triangles AHP and EDP have the same shape but different size, so same ratios of edges. Length of edge ED, that is |ED|, equals length of dir, |dir|, which is 1. Similarly, |DP| equals |rayDir|.</li>
<li>4: Given step 3, the triangles show that the ratio Euclidean / |rayDir| = perpWallDist / |dir| = perpWallDist / 1.</li>
<li>5: Combining steps 4 and 2 shows that perpWallDist = yDist / rayDirY, where yDist is mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2) - posY</li>
<li>6: In the code, sideDistY - deltaDistY, after the DDA steps, equals (posY + (1 - stepY) / 2 - mapY) * deltaDistY (given that sideDistY is computed from posY and mapY), so yDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) / deltaDistY</li>
<li>7: Given that deltaDistY = 1 / |rayDirY|, step 6 gives that yDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) * |rayDirY| </li>
<li>8: Combining steps 5 and 7 gives perpWallDist = yDist / rayDirY = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) / |rayDirY| / rayDirY.</li>
<li>9: Given how cases for signs of sideDistY and deltaDistY in the code are handled the absolute value doesn't matter, and equals (sideDistY - deltaDistY), which is the formula used</li>
</ul>
<p />
<img alt="perpWallDist" src="images/raycastperpwalldist.png" style="width: 265px; height: 256px;" />
<p />
<p />
[Thanks to Thomas van der Berg in 2016 for pointing out simplifications of the code (perpWallDist could be simplified and the value reused for wallX).
<br />
[Thanks to Roux Morgan in 2020 for helping to clarify the explanation of perpWallDist, the tutorial was lacking some information before this]
<br />
[Thanks to Noah Wagner and Elias for finding further simplifications for perpWallDist]
<p />
Now that we have the calculated distance (perpWallDist), we can calculate the height of the line
that has to be drawn on screen: this is the inverse of perpWallDist,
and then multiplied by h, the height in pixels of the screen, to
bring it to pixel coordinates. You can of course also multiply it
with another value, for example 2*h, if you want to walls to be
higher or lower. The value of h will make the walls look like cubes
with equal height, width and depth, while large values will create
higher boxes (depending on your monitor).<br />
<br />
Then out of this lineHeight (which is thus the height of the
vertical line that should be drawn), the start and end position of
where we should really draw are calculated. The center of the wall
should be at the center of the screen, and if these points lie
outside the screen, they're capped to 0 or h-1.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //Calculate height of line to draw on screen
int lineHeight = (int)(h / perpWallDist);
//calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current stripe
int drawStart = -lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawStart < 0)drawStart = 0;
int drawEnd = lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawEnd >= h)drawEnd = h - 1;</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
Finally, depending on what number the wall that was hit has, a
color is chosen. If an y-side was hit, the color is made darker,
this gives a nicer effect. And then the vertical line is drawn with
the verLine command. This ends the raycasting loop, after it has
done this for every x at least.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //choose wall color
ColorRGB color;
switch(worldMap[mapX][mapY])
{
case 1: color = RGB_Red; break; //red
case 2: color = RGB_Green; break; //green
case 3: color = RGB_Blue; break; //blue
case 4: color = RGB_White; break; //white
default: color = RGB_Yellow; break; //yellow
}
//give x and y sides different brightness
if (side == 1) {color = color / 2;}
//draw the pixels of the stripe as a vertical line
verLine(x, drawStart, drawEnd, color);
}</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
After the raycasting loop is done, the time of the current and the
previous frame are calculated, the FPS (frames per second) is
calculated and printed, and the screen is redrawn so that
everything (all the walls, and the value of the fps counter)
becomes visible. After that the backbuffer is cleared with cls(),
so that when we draw the walls again the next frame, the floor and
ceiling will be black again instead of still containing pixels from
the previous frame.<br />
<br />
The speed modifiers use frameTime, and a constant value, to
determinate the speed of the moving and rotating of the input keys.
Thanks to using the frameTime, we can make sure that the moving and
rotating speed is independent of the processor speed.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //timing for input and FPS counter
oldTime = time;
time = getTicks();
double frameTime = (time - oldTime) / 1000.0; //frameTime is the time this frame has taken, in seconds
print(1.0 / frameTime); //FPS counter
redraw();
cls();
//speed modifiers
double moveSpeed = frameTime * 5.0; //the constant value is in squares/second
double rotSpeed = frameTime * 3.0; //the constant value is in radians/second</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
The last part is the input part, the keys are read.<br />
<br />
If the up arrow is pressed, the player will move forward: add dirX
to posX, and dirY to posY. This assumes that dirX and dirY are
normalized vectors (their length is 1), but they were initially set
like this, so it's ok. There's also a simple collision detection
built in, namely if the new position will be inside a wall, you
won't move. This collision detection can be improved however, for
example by checking if a circle around the player won't go inside
the wall instead of just a single point.<br />
<br />
The same is done if you press the down arrow, but then the
direction is subtracted instead.<br />
<br />
To rotate, if the left or right arrow is pressed, both the
direction vector and plane vector are rotated by using the formulas
of multiplication with the rotation matrix (and over the angle
rotSpeed).<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> readKeys();
//move forward if no wall in front of you
if (keyDown(SDLK_UP))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX + dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX += dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY + dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY += dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//move backwards if no wall behind you
if (keyDown(SDLK_DOWN))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX - dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX -= dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY - dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY -= dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//rotate to the right
if (keyDown(SDLK_RIGHT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(-rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(-rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(-rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(-rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(-rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(-rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(-rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(-rotSpeed);
}
//rotate to the left
if (keyDown(SDLK_LEFT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(rotSpeed);
}
}
}</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
This concludes the code of the untextured raycaster, the result
looks like this, and you can walk around in the map:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycasteruntextured.gif" style=
"width: 518px; height: 408px;" /><br />
<br />
Here's an example of what happens if the camera plane isn't
perpendicular to the direction vector, the world appears
skewed:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycastingskewed.gif" style=
"width: 511px; height: 143px;" /><br />
<br />
<br />
<h2><a name="Textured_Raycaster" id="Textured_Raycaster"></a>Textured Raycaster</h2>
Download the source code here: <a href="files/raycaster_textured.cpp">raycaster_textured.cpp</a>
<br /><br />
The core of the textured version of the raycaster is almost the
same, only at the end some extra calculations need to be done for
the textures, and a loop in the y-direction is required to go
through every pixel to determinate which texel (texture pixel) of
the texture should be used for it.<br />
<br />
The vertical stripes can't be drawn with the vertical line command
anymore, instead every pixel has to be drawn seperately. The best
way is to use a 2D array as screen buffer this time, and copy it to
the screen at once, that goes a lot faster than using pset.<br />
<br />
Of course we now also need an extra array for the textures, and
since the "drawbuffer" function works with single integer values
for colors (instead of 3 separate bytes for R, G and B), the
textures are stored in this format as well. Normally, you'd load
the textures from a texture file, but for this simple example some
dumb textures are generated instead.<br />
<br />
The code is mostly the same as the previous example, the bold parts
are new. Only new parts are explained.<br />
<br />
The screenWidth and screenHeight are now defined in the beginning
because we need the same value for the screen function, and to
create the screen buffer. Also new are the texture width and height
that are defined here. These are obviously the width and height in
texels of the textures.<br />
<br />
The world map is changed too, this is a more complex map with
corridors and rooms to show the different textures. Again, the 0's
are empty walkthrougable spaces, and each positive number
corresponds to a different texture.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"><b>#define screenWidth 640
#define screenHeight 480
#define texWidth 64
#define texHeight 64</b>
#define mapWidth 24
#define mapHeight 24
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]=
{
<b>{4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,4,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,7,7,0,7,7,7,7,7},
{4,0,5,0,0,0,0,5,0,5,0,5,0,5,0,5,7,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,6,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,8},
{4,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,8,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,8},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,0,5,5,5,5,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,1},
{6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6},
{8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4},
{6,6,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6},
{4,4,4,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,6,0,6,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,2,0,0,5,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2},
{4,0,6,0,6,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2},
{4,0,6,0,6,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,5,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3}</b>
};</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
The screen buffer and texture arrays are declared here. The texture
array is an array of std::vectors, each with a certain
width * height pixels.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code">int main(int /*argc*/, char */*argv*/[])
{
double posX = 22.0, posY = 11.5; //x and y start position
double dirX = -1.0, dirY = 0.0; //initial direction vector
double planeX = 0.0, planeY = 0.66; //the 2d raycaster version of camera plane
double time = 0; //time of current frame
double oldTime = 0; //time of previous frame
<b>Uint32 buffer[screenHeight][screenWidth]; // y-coordinate first because it works per scanline
std::vector<Uint32> texture[8];
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) texture[i].resize(texWidth * texHeight);</b></span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
The main function now begins with generating the textures. We have
a double loop that goes through every pixel of the textures, and
then the corresponding pixel of each texture gets a certain value
calculated out of x and y. Some textures get a XOR pattern, some a
simple gradient, others a sort of brick pattern, basicly it are all
quite simple patterns, it's not going to look all that beautiful,
for better textures see the next chapter.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> screen(<b>screenWidth,screenHeight</b>, 0, "Raycaster");
<b>//generate some textures
for(int x = 0; x < texWidth; x++)
for(int y = 0; y < texHeight; y++)
{
int xorcolor = (x * 256 / texWidth) ^ (y * 256 / texHeight);
//int xcolor = x * 256 / texWidth;
int ycolor = y * 256 / texHeight;
int xycolor = y * 128 / texHeight + x * 128 / texWidth;
texture[0][texWidth * y + x] = 65536 * 254 * (x != y && x != texWidth - y); //flat red texture with black cross
texture[1][texWidth * y + x] = xycolor + 256 * xycolor + 65536 * xycolor; //sloped greyscale
texture[2][texWidth * y + x] = 256 * xycolor + 65536 * xycolor; //sloped yellow gradient
texture[3][texWidth * y + x] = xorcolor + 256 * xorcolor + 65536 * xorcolor; //xor greyscale
texture[4][texWidth * y + x] = 256 * xorcolor; //xor green
texture[5][texWidth * y + x] = 65536 * 192 * (x % 16 && y % 16); //red bricks
texture[6][texWidth * y + x] = 65536 * ycolor; //red gradient
texture[7][texWidth * y + x] = 128 + 256 * 128 + 65536 * 128; //flat grey texture
}</b></span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
This is again the start of the gameloop and initial declarations
and calculations before the DDA algorithm. Nothing has changed
here.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //start the main loop
while(!done())
{
for(int x = 0; x < w; x++)
{
//calculate ray position and direction
double cameraX = 2*x/double(w)-1; //x-coordinate in camera space
double rayDirX = dirX + planeX*cameraX;
double rayDirY = dirY + planeY*cameraX;
//which box of the map we're in
int mapX = int(posX);
int mapY = int(posY);
//length of ray from current position to next x or y-side
double sideDistX;
double sideDistY;
//length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side
double deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY * rayDirY) / (rayDirX * rayDirX));
double deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX * rayDirX) / (rayDirY * rayDirY));
double perpWallDist;
//what direction to step in x or y-direction (either +1 or -1)
int stepX;
int stepY;
int hit = 0; //was there a wall hit?
int side; //was a NS or a EW wall hit?
//calculate step and initial sideDist
if (rayDirX < 0)
{
stepX = -1;
sideDistX = (posX - mapX) * deltaDistX;
}
else
{
stepX = 1;
sideDistX = (mapX + 1.0 - posX) * deltaDistX;
}
if (rayDirY < 0)
{
stepY = -1;
sideDistY = (posY - mapY) * deltaDistY;
}
else
{
stepY = 1;
sideDistY = (mapY + 1.0 - posY) * deltaDistY;
}</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
This is again the DDA loop, and the calculations of the distance
and height, nothing has changed here either.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //perform DDA
while (hit == 0)
{
//jump to next map square, either in x-direction, or in y-direction
if (sideDistX < sideDistY)
{
sideDistX += deltaDistX;
mapX += stepX;
side = 0;
}
else
{
sideDistY += deltaDistY;
mapY += stepY;
side = 1;
}
//Check if ray has hit a wall
if (worldMap[mapX][mapY] > 0) hit = 1;
}
//Calculate distance of perpendicular ray (Euclidean distance would give fisheye effect!)
if(side == 0) perpWallDist = (sideDistX - deltaDistX);
else perpWallDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY);
//Calculate height of line to draw on screen
int lineHeight = (int)(h / perpWallDist);
//calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current stripe
int drawStart = -lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawStart < 0) drawStart = 0;
int drawEnd = lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawEnd >= h) drawEnd = h - 1;</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
The following calculations are new however, and replace the color
chooser of the untextured raycaster.<br />
The variable texNum is the value of the current map square minus 1,
the reason is that there exists a texture 0, but map tile 0 has no
texture since it represents an empty space. To be able to use
texture 0 anyway, substract 1 so that map tiles with value 1 will
give texture 0, etc...<br />
<br />
The value wallX represents the exact value where the wall was hit,
not just the integer coordinates of the wall. This is required to
know which x-coordinate of the texture we have to use. This is
calculated by first calculating the exact x or y coordinate in the
world, and then substracting the integer value of the wall off it.
Note that even if it's called wallX, it's actually an y-coordinate
of the wall if side==1, but it's always the x-coordinate of the
texture.<br />
<br />
Finally, texX is the x-coordinate of the texture, and this is
calculated out of wallX.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"><b> //texturing calculations
int texNum = worldMap[mapX][mapY] - 1; //1 subtracted from it so that texture 0 can be used!
//calculate value of wallX
double wallX; //where exactly the wall was hit
if (side == 0) wallX = posY + perpWallDist * rayDirY;
else wallX = posX + perpWallDist * rayDirX;
wallX -= floor((wallX));
//x coordinate on the texture
int texX = int(wallX * double(texWidth));
if(side == 0 && rayDirX > 0) texX = texWidth - texX - 1;
if(side == 1 && rayDirY < 0) texX = texWidth - texX - 1;</b></span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
Now that we know the x-coordinate of the texture, we know that this
coordinate will remain the same, because we stay in the same
vertical stripe of the screen. Now we need a loop in the
y-direction to give each pixel of the vertical stripe the correct
y-coordinate of the texture, called texY.<br />
<br />
The value of texY is calculated by increasing by a precomputed step
size (which is possible because this is constant in the vertical
stripe) for each pixel. The step size tells how much to increase in the
texture coordinates (in floating point) for every pixel in vertical screen coordinates.
It then needs to cast the floating point value to integer to select the actual texture pixel.<br />
<br />
NOTE: a faster integer-only bresenham or DDA algorithm may be possible for this.<br />
<br />
NOTE: The stepping being done here is affine texture mapping, which means we can
interpolate linearly between two points rather than have to compute a different
division for each pixel. This is not perspective correct in general, but for
perfectly vertical walls (and also perfectly horizontal floors/ceilings) it is,
so we can use it for raycasting.<br />
<br />
The color of the pixel to be drawn is then simply gotten from
texture[texNum][texX][texY], which is the correct texel of the
correct texture.<br />
<br />
Like the untextured raycaster, here too we'll make the color value
darker if an y-side of the wall was hit, because that looks a
little bit better (like there is a sort of lighting). However,
because the color value doesn't exist out of a separate R, G and B
value, but these 3 bytes sticked together in a single integer, a
not so intuitive calculation is used.<br />
<br />
The color is made darker by dividing R, G and B through 2. Dividing
a decimal number through 10, can be done by removing the last digit
(e.g. 300/10 is 30: the last zero is removed). Similarly, dividing
a binary number through 2, which is what is done here, is the same
as removing the last bit. This can be done by bitshifting it to the
right with >>1. But, here we're bitshifting a 24-bit integer
(actually 32-bit, but the first 8 bits aren't used). Because of
this, the last bit of one byte will become the first bit of the
next byte, and that screws up the color values! So after the
bitshift, the first bit of every byte has to be set to zero, and
that can be done by binary "AND-ing" the value with the binary
value 011111110111111101111111, which is 8355711 in decimal. So the
result of this is indeed a darker color.<br />
<br />
Finally, the current buffer pixel is set to this color, and we move
on to the next y.<br />
<br />
<center><table class="codetable"><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><b><span class="code"> // How much to increase the texture coordinate per screen pixel
double step = 1.0 * texHeight / lineHeight;
// Starting texture coordinate
double texPos = (drawStart - h / 2 + lineHeight / 2) * step;
for(int y = drawStart; y<drawEnd; y++)
{
// Cast the texture coordinate to integer, and mask with (texHeight - 1) in case of overflow
int texY = (int)texPos & (texHeight - 1);
texPos += step;
Uint32 color = texture[texNum][texHeight * texY + texX];
//make color darker for y-sides: R, G and B byte each divided through two with a "shift" and an "and"
if(side == 1) color = (color >> 1) & 8355711;
buffer[y][x] = color;
}
}</span></b></pre>
</td></tr></table></center>
<br />
Now the buffer still has to be drawn, and after that it has to be
cleared (where in the untextured version we simply had to use
"cls". Ensure to do it in scanline order for speed thanks to memory locality for caching).
The rest of this code is again the same.<br />
<br />
<center>
<table class="codetable">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> <b>drawBuffer(buffer[0]);
for(int y = 0; y < h; y++) for(int x = 0; x < w; x++) buffer[y][x] = 0; //clear the buffer instead of cls()</b>
//timing for input and FPS counter
oldTime = time;
time = getTicks();
double frameTime = (time - oldTime) / 1000.0; //frametime is the time this frame has taken, in seconds
print(1.0 / frameTime); //FPS counter
redraw();
//speed modifiers
double moveSpeed = frameTime * 5.0; //the constant value is in squares/second
double rotSpeed = frameTime * 3.0; //the constant value is in radians/second</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center>
<br />
And here's again the keys, nothing has changed here either. If you
like you can try to add strafe keys (to strafe to the left and
right). These have to be made the same way as the up and down keys,
but use planeX and planeY instead of dirX and dirY.<br />
<br />
<center><table class="codetable"><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> readKeys();
//move forward if no wall in front of you
if (keyDown(SDLK_UP))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX + dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX += dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY + dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY += dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//move backwards if no wall behind you
if (keyDown(SDLK_DOWN))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX - dirX * moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX -= dirX * moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY - dirY * moveSpeed)] == false) posY -= dirY * moveSpeed;
}
//rotate to the right
if (keyDown(SDLK_RIGHT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(-rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(-rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(-rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(-rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(-rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(-rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(-rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(-rotSpeed);
}
//rotate to the left
if (keyDown(SDLK_LEFT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX * cos(rotSpeed) - dirY * sin(rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX * sin(rotSpeed) + dirY * cos(rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX * cos(rotSpeed) - planeY * sin(rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX * sin(rotSpeed) + planeY * cos(rotSpeed);
}
}
}</span></pre>
</td></tr></table></center>
<br />
Here's a few screenshots of the result:<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/raycasttexture1.gif" style="width: 319px; height: 239px;" /> <img alt="" src="images/raycasttexture2.gif" style="width: 320px; height: 239px;" /> <img alt="" src="images/raycasttexture3.gif" style="width: 319px; height: 239px;" />
<br /><br />
Note: Usually images are stored by horizontal scanlines, but for a raycaster the textures are drawn as vertical stripes. Therefore, to optimally use the cache of the CPU and avoid page misses, it might be more efficient to store the textures in memory vertical stripe by vertical stripe, instead of per horizontal scanline. To do this, after generating the textures, swap their X and Y by (this code only works if texWidth and texHeight are the same):
<br /><br />
<center><table class="codetable"><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //swap texture X/Y since they'll be used as vertical stripes
for(size_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for(size_t x = 0; x < texSize; x++)
for(size_t y = 0; y < x; y++)
std::swap(texture[i][texSize * y + x], texture[i][texSize * x + y]);</span></pre>
</td></tr></table></center>
<br /><br />
Or just swap X and Y where the textures are generated, but in many cases after loading an image or getting a texture from other formats you'll have it in scanlines anyway and have to swap it this way.
<br /><br />
When getting the pixel from the texture then, use the following code instead:
<br /><br />
<center><table class="codetable"><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code">Uint32 color = texture[texNum][texSize * texX + texY];</span></pre>
</td></tr></table></center>
<h2><a name="Wolfenstein_3D_Textures_" id="Wolfenstein_3D_Textures_"></a>Wolfenstein 3D Textures</h2>
Instead of just generating some textures, let's load a few from
images instead! For example the following 8 textures, which come
from Wolfenstein 3D and are copyright by ID Software.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" src="images/wolftextures.png" style="width: 512px; height: 64px;" /><br />
<br />
Just replace the part of the code that generates the texture
patterns with the following (and make sure those textures are in
the correct path). You can download the textures <a href="files/wolftex.zip">here</a>.<br />
<br />
<center><table class="codetable"><tr><td style="vertical-align: top;">
<pre><span class="code"> //generate some textures
unsigned long tw, th;
loadImage(texture[0], tw, th, "pics/eagle.png");
loadImage(texture[1], tw, th, "pics/redbrick.png");
loadImage(texture[2], tw, th, "pics/purplestone.png");
loadImage(texture[3], tw, th, "pics/greystone.png");
loadImage(texture[4], tw, th, "pics/bluestone.png");
loadImage(texture[5], tw, th, "pics/mossy.png");
loadImage(texture[6], tw, th, "pics/wood.png");
loadImage(texture[7], tw, th, "pics/colorstone.png");</span></pre>
</td></tr></table></center>
<br /><br />
<img alt="" src="images/wolftex1.gif" style="width: 399px; height: 299px;" /> <img alt="" src="images/wolftex2.gif" style="width: 400px; height: 300px;" /><br />
<br />
In the original Wolfenstein 3D, the colors of one side was also
made darker than the color of the other side of a wall to create
the shadow effect, but they used a seperate texture every time, a
dark and a light one. Here however, only one texture is used for
each wall and the line of code that divided R, G and B through 2 is
what makes the y-sides darker.<br />
<br />
<h2><a name="Performance" id="Performance"></a>Performance Considerations</h2>
On a modern computer, when using high resolution (4K, as of 2019), this software raycaster
will be slower than some much more complex 3D graphics get rendered on the GPU with a 3D graphics card.
<p/>
There are at least two issues holding back speed of the raycaster code in this tutorial, which
you can take into account if you'd like to make a super fast raycaster for very high resolutions:
<ul>
<li>Raycasting works with vertical stripes, but the screen buffer in memory is laid out with horizontal scanlines. So drawing vertical stripes is bad for memory locality for caching (it is in fact a worst case scenario), and the loss of
good caching may hurt the speed more than some of the 3D computations on modern machines.
It may be possible to program this with better caching behavior (e.g. processing
multiple stripes at once, using a cache-oblivious transpose algorithm, or having a 90 degree rotated raycaster), but for
simplicity the rest of this tutorial ignores this caching issue.</li>
<li>This is using software blitting with SDL (in QuickCG, in redraw()), which is slow for large resolutions compared to hardware rendering. Likely QuickCG's usage of SDL itself is not optimal and e.g. using OpenGL (even for software rendering) may be faster, so that may be fixable behind the scenes. Since this CG tutorial is about software rendering this issue is ignored here as well.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<br />
<h2>Next Part</h2>
<a href="raycasting2.html">Go directly to part II</a>
<h2><br /></h2>
<hr />
Last edited: 2020
<br /><br />
Copyright (c) 2004-2020 by Lode Vandevenne. All rights reserved.
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Raycasting
# Lode's Computer Graphics Tutorial
# Raycasting
## Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#Introduction)
* [The Basic Idea](#The_Basic_Idea_)
* [Untextured Raycaster](#Untextured_Raycaster_)
* [Textured Raycaster](#Textured_Raycaster)
* [Wolfenstein 3D Textures](#Wolfenstein_3D_Textures_)
* [Performance Considerations](#Performance)
[Back to Index](index.html)
## Introduction
Raycasting is a rendering technique to create a 3D perspective in a
2D map. Back when computers were slower it wasn't possible to run
real 3D engines in realtime, and raycasting was the first solution.
Raycasting can go very fast, because only a calculation has to be
done for every vertical line of the screen. The most well known
game that used this technique, is of course Wolfenstein 3D.
The raycasting engine of Wolfenstein 3D was very limited, allowing
it to run on a even a 286 computer: all the walls have the same
height and are orthogonal squares on a 2D grid, as can be seen in
this screenshot from a mapeditor for Wolf3D:
Things like stairs, jumping or height differences are impossible to
make with this engine. Later games such as Doom and Duke Nukem 3D
also used raycasting, but much more advanced engines that allowed
sloped walls, different heights, textured floors and ceilings,
transparent walls, etc... The sprites (enemies, objects and
goodies) are 2D images, but sprites aren't discussed in this
tutorial for now.
Raycasting is not the same
as raytracing! Raycasting
is a fast semi-3D technique that works in realtime even on 4MHz
graphical calculators, while raytracing is a realistic rendering
technique that supports reflections and shadows in true 3D scenes,
and only recently computers became fast enough to do it in realtime
for reasonably high resolutions and complex scenes.
The code of the untextured and textured raycasters is given in this
document completely, but it's quite long, you can also download the
code instead:
[raycaster\_flat.cpp](files/raycaster_flat.cpp)
[raycaster\_textured.cpp](files/raycaster_textured.cpp)
## The Basic Idea
The basic idea of raycasting is as follows: the map is a 2D square
grid, and each square can either be 0 (= no wall), or a positive
value (= a wall with a certain color or texture).
For every x of the screen (i.e. for every vertical stripe of the
screen), send out a ray that starts at the player location and with
a direction that depends on both the player's looking direction,
and the x-coordinate of the screen. Then, let this ray move forward
on the 2D map, until it hits a map square that is a wall. If it hit
a wall, calculate the distance of this hit point to the player, and
use this distance to calculate how high this wall has to be drawn
on the screen: the further away the wall, the smaller it's on
screen, and the closer, the higher it appears to be. These are all
2D calculations. This image shows a top down overview of two such
rays (red) that start at the player (green dot) and hit blue
walls:
To find the first wall that a ray encounters on its way, you have
to let it start at the player's position, and then all the time,
check whether or not the ray is inside a wall. If it's inside a
wall (hit), then the loop can stop, calculate the distance, and
draw the wall with the correct height. If the ray position is not
in a wall, you have to trace it further: add a certain value to
its position, in the direction of the direction of this ray, and
for this new position, again check if it's inside a wall or not.
Keep doing this until finally a wall is hit.
A human can immediatly see where the ray hits the wall, but it's
impossible to find which square the ray hits immediatly with a
single formula, because a computer can only check a finite number
of positions on the ray. Many raycasters add a constant value to
the ray each step, but then there's a chance that it may miss a
wall! For example, with this red ray, its position was checked at
every red spot:
As you can see, the ray goes straight through the blue wall, but
the computer didn't detect this, because it only checked at the
positions with the red dots. The more positions you check, the
smaller the chance that the computer won't detect a wall, but the
more calculations are needed. Here the step distance was halved, so
now he detects that the ray went through a wall, though the
position isn't completely correct:
For infinite precision with this method, an infinitely small step
size, and thus an infinite number of calculations would be needed!
That's pretty bad, but luckily, there's a better method that
requires only very few calculations and yet will detect every wall:
the idea is to check at every side of a wall the ray will
encounter. We give each square width 1, so each side of a wall is
an integer value and the places in between have a value after the
point. Now the step size isn't constant, it depends on the distance
to the next side:
As you can see on the image above, the ray hits the wall exactly
where we want it. In the way presented in this tutorial, an
algorithm is used that's based on DDA or "Digital Differential
Analysis". DDA is a fast algorithm typically used on square grids
to find which squares a line hits (for example to draw a line on a
screen, which is a grid of square pixels). So we can also use it to
find which squares of the map our ray hits, and stop the algorithm
once a square that is a wall is hit.
Some raytracers work with Euclidean angles to represent the
direction of the player and the rays, and determinate the Field Of
View with another angle. I found however that it's much easier to
work with vectors and a camera instead: the position of the player
is always a vector (an x and a y coordinate), but now, we make the
direction a vector as well: so the direction is now determinated by
two values: the x and y coordinate of the direction. A direction
vector can be seen as follows: if you draw a line in the direction
the player looks, through the position of the player, then every
point of the line is the sum of the position of the player, and a
multiple of the direction vector. The length of a direction vector
doesn't really matter, only its direction. Multiplying x and y by
the same value changes the length but keeps the same
direction.
This method with vectors also requires an extra vector, which is
the camera plane vector. In a true 3D engine, there's also a camera
plane, and there this plane is really a 3D plane so two vectors (u
and v) are required to represent it. Raycasting happens in a 2D map
however, so here the camera plane isn't really a plane, but a line,
and is represented with a single vector. The camera plane should
always be perpendicular on the direction vector. The camera plane
represents the surface of the computer screen, while the direction
vector is perpendicular on it and points inside the screen. The
position of the player, which is a single point, is a point in
front of the camera plane. A certain ray of a certain x-coordinate
of the screen, is then the ray that starts at this player position,
and goes through that position on the screen or thus the camera
plane.
The image above represents such a 2D camera. The green spot is the
position (vector "pos"). The black line, ending in the black spot,
represents the direction vector (vector "dir"), so the position of
the black dot is pos+dir. The blue line represents the full camera
plane, the vector from the black dot to the right blue dot
represents the vector "plane", so the position of the right blue
point is pos+dir+plane, and the posistion of the left blue dot is
pos+dir-plane (these are all vector additions).
The red lines in the image are a few rays. The direction of these
rays is easily calculated out of the camera: it's the sum of the
direction vector of the camear, and a part of the plane vector of
the camera: for example the third red ray on the image, goes
through the right part of the camera plane at the point about 1/3th
of its length. So the direction of this ray is dir + plane\*1/3.
This ray direction is the vector rayDir, and the X and Y component
of this vector are then used by the DDA algorithm.
The two outer lines, are the left and right border of the screen,
and the angle between those two lines is called the Field Of Vision
or FOV. The FOV is determinated by the ratio of the length of the
direction vector, and the length of the plane. Here are a few
examples of different FOV's:
If the direction vector and the camera plane vector have the same
length, the FOV will be 90°:
If the direction vector is much longer than the camera plane, the
FOV will be much smaller than 90°, and you'll have a very
narrow vision. You'll see everything more detailed though and there
will be less depth, so this is the same as zooming in:
If the direction vector is shorter than the camera plane, the FOV
will be larger than 90° (180° is the maximum, if the
direction vector is close to 0), and you'll have a much wider
vision, like zooming out:
When the player rotates, the camera has to rotate, so both the
direction vector and the plane vector have to be rotated. Then, the
rays will all automaticly rotate as well.
To rotate a vector, multiply it with the rotation matrix
[ cos(a) -sin(a)
]
[ sin(a) cos(a)
]
If you don't know about vectors and matrices, try to find a
tutorial with google, an appendix about those is planned for this
tutorial later.
There's nothing that forbids you to use a camera plane that isn't
perpendicular to the direction, but the result will look like a
"skewed" world.
## Untextured Raycaster
Download the source code here: [raycaster\_flat.cpp](files/raycaster_flat.cpp)
To start with the basics, we'll begin with an untextured raycaster.
This example also includes an fps counter (frames per second), and
input keys with collision detection to move and rotate.
The map of the world is a 2D array, where each value represents a
square. If the value is 0, that square represents an empty,
walkthroughable square, and if the value is higher than 0, it
represents a wall with a certain color or texture. The map
declared here is very small, only 24 by 24 squares, and is defined
directly in the code. For a real game, like Wolfenstein 3D, you use
a bigger map and load it from a file instead. All the zero's in the
grid are empty space, so basicly you see a very big room, with a
wall around it (the values 1), a small room inside it (the values
2), a few pilars (the values 3), and a corridor with a room (the
values 4). Note that this code isn't inside any function yet, put
it before the main function starts.
| |
| --- |
|
```
#define mapWidth 24
#define mapHeight 24
#define screenWidth 640
#define screenHeight 480
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]=
{
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,2,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2,0,0,0,0,3,0,3,0,3,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,0,0,0,5,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1},
{1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1}
};
```
|
A first few variables are declared: posX and posY represent the
position vector of the player, dirX and dirY represent the
direction of the player, and planeX and planeY the camera plane of
the player. Make sure the camera plane is perpendicular to the
direction, but you can change the length of it. The ratio between
the length of the direction and the camera plane determinates the
FOV, here the direction vector is a bit longer than the camera
plane, so the FOV will be smaller than 90° (more precisely, the
FOV is 2 \* atan(0.66/1.0)=66°, which is perfect for a first person
shooter game). Later on when rotating around with the input keys,
the values of dir and plane will be changed, but they'll always
remain perpendicular and keep the same length.
The variables time and oldTime will be used to store the time of
the current and the previous frame, the time difference between
these two can be used to determinate how much you should move when
a certain key is pressed (to move a constant speed no matter how
long the calculation of the frames takes), and for the FPS
counter.
| |
| --- |
|
```
int main(int /\*argc\*/, char \*/\*argv\*/[])
{
double posX = 22, posY = 12; //x and y start position
double dirX = -1, dirY = 0; //initial direction vector
double planeX = 0, planeY = 0.66; //the 2d raycaster version of camera plane
double time = 0; //time of current frame
double oldTime = 0; //time of previous frame
```
|
The rest of the main function starts now. First, the screen is created with a
resolution of choice. If you pick a large resolution, like
1280\*1024, the effect will go quite slow, not because the raycating
algorithm is slow, but simply because uploading a whole screen from
the CPU to the video card goes so slow.
| |
| --- |
|
```
screen(screenWidth, screenHeight, 0, "Raycaster");
```
|
After setting up the screen, the gameloop starts, this is the loop
that draws a whole frame and reads the input every time.
| |
| --- |
|
```
while(!done())
{
```
|
Here starts the actual raycasting. The raycasting loop is a for
loop that goes through every x, so there isn't a calculation for
every pixel of the screen, but only for every vertical stripe,
which isn't much at all! To begin the raycasting loop, some
variables are delcared and calculated:
The ray starts at the position of the player (posX, posY).
cameraX is the x-coordinate on the camera plane that the current
x-coordinate of the screen represents, done this way so that the
right side of the screen will get coordinate 1, the center of the
screen gets coordinate 0, and the left side of the screen gets
coordinate -1. Out of this, the direction of the ray can be
calculated as was explained earlier: as the sum of the direction
vector, and a part of the plane vector. This has to be done both
for the x and y coordinate of the vector (since adding two vectors
is adding their x-coordinates, and adding their
y-coordinates).
| |
| --- |
|
```
for(int x = 0; x < w; x++)
{
//calculate ray position and direction
double cameraX = 2 \* x / double(w) - 1; //x-coordinate in camera space
double rayDirX = dirX + planeX \* cameraX;
double rayDirY = dirY + planeY \* cameraX;
```
|
In the next code piece, more variables are declared and calculated,
these have relevance to the DDA algorithm:
mapX and mapY represent the current square of the map the ray is
in. The ray position itself is a floating point number and contains
both info about in which square of the map we are, and where in that square we are, but mapX
and mapY are only the coordinates of that square.
sideDistX and sideDistY are initially the distance the ray has to
travel from its start position to the first x-side and the first
y-side. Later in the code they will be incremented while steps are taken.
deltaDistX and deltaDistY are the distance the ray has to travel to
go from 1 x-side to the next x-side, or from 1 y-side to the next
y-side. The following image shows the initial sideDistX, sideDistY
and deltaDistX and deltaDistY:
When deriving deltaDistX geometrically you get, with Pythagoras, the formulas below.
For the blue triangle (deltaDistX), one side has length 1 (as it is exactly one cell) and the other
has length raydirY / raydirX because it is exaclty the amount of units the ray goes in
the y-direction when taking 1 step in the X-direction. For the green triangle (deltaDistY), the
formula is similar.
deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY \* rayDirY) / (rayDirX \* rayDirX))
deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX \* rayDirX) / (rayDirY \* rayDirY))
But this can be simplified to:
deltaDistX = abs(|rayDir| / rayDirX)
deltaDistY = abs(|rayDir| / rayDirY)
Where |rayDir| is the length of the vector rayDirX, rayDirY (that is sqrt(rayDirX \* rayDirX + rayDirY \* rayDirY)):
you can indeed verify that e.g. sqrt(1 + (rayDirY \* rayDirY) / (rayDirX \* rayDirX)) equals
abs(sqrt(rayDirX \* rayDirX + rayDirY \* rayDirY) / rayDirX).
However, we can use 1 instead of |rayDir|, because only the \*ratio\* between deltaDistX and deltaDistY matters
for the DDA code that follows later below, so we get:
deltaDistX = abs(1 / rayDirX)
deltaDistY = abs(1 / rayDirY)
Due to this, the deltaDist and sideDist values used in the code do not match the lengths shown in the picture above,
but their relative sizes all still match.
[thanks to Artem for spotting this simplification]
The variable perpWallDist will be used later to calculate the length
of the ray.
The DDA algorithm will always jump exactly one square each loop,
either a square in the x-direction, or a square in the y-direction.
If it has to go in the negative or positive x-direction, and the
negative or positive y-direction will depend on the direction of
the ray, and this fact will be stored in stepX and stepY. Those
variables are always either -1 or +1.
Finally, hit is used to determinate whether or not the coming loop
may be ended, and side will contain if an x-side or a y-side of a
wall was hit. If an x-side was hit, side is set to 0, if an y-side
was hit, side will be 1. By x-side and y-side, I mean the lines of
the grid that are the borders between two squares.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//which box of the map we're in
int mapX = int(posX);
int mapY = int(posY);
//length of ray from current position to next x or y-side
double sideDistX;
double sideDistY;
//length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side
double deltaDistX = (rayDirX == 0) ? 1e30 : std::abs(1 / rayDirX);
double deltaDistY = (rayDirY == 0) ? 1e30 : std::abs(1 / rayDirY);
double perpWallDist;
//what direction to step in x or y-direction (either +1 or -1)
int stepX;
int stepY;
int hit = 0; //was there a wall hit?
int side; //was a NS or a EW wall hit?
```
|
NOTE: If rayDirX or rayDirY are 0, the division through zero is avoided by setting
it to a very high value 1e30. If you are using a language such as C++, Java or JS,
this is not actually needed, as it supports the IEEE 754 floating point standard, which
gives the result Infinity, which works correctly in the code below. However, some other
languages, such as Python, disallow division through zero, so the more generic code that
works everywhere is given above. 1e30 is an arbitrarily chosen high enough number and
can be set to Infinity if your programming language supports assiging that value.
Now, before the actual DDA can start, first stepX, stepY, and the
initial sideDistX and sideDistY still have to be calculated.
If the ray direction has a negative x-component, stepX is -1, if
the ray direciton has a positive x-component it's +1. If the
x-component is 0, it doesn't matter what value stepX has since
it'll then be unused.
The same goes for the y-component.
If the ray direction has a negative x-component, sideDistX is the
distance from the ray starting position to the first side to the
left, if the ray direciton has a positive x-component the first
side to the right is used instead.
The same goes for the y-component, but now with the first side
above or below the position.
For these values, the integer value mapX is used and the real
position subtracted from it, and 1.0 is added in some of the cases
depending if the side to the left or right, of the top or the
bottom is used. Then you get the perpendicular distance to this
side, so multiply it with deltaDistX or deltaDistY to get the real
Euclidean distance.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//calculate step and initial sideDist
if (rayDirX < 0)
{
stepX = -1;
sideDistX = (posX - mapX) \* deltaDistX;
}
else
{
stepX = 1;
sideDistX = (mapX + 1.0 - posX) \* deltaDistX;
}
if (rayDirY < 0)
{
stepY = -1;
sideDistY = (posY - mapY) \* deltaDistY;
}
else
{
stepY = 1;
sideDistY = (mapY + 1.0 - posY) \* deltaDistY;
}
```
|
Now the actual DDA starts. It's a loop that increments the ray with
1 square every time, until a wall is hit. Each time, either it
jumps a square in the x-direction (with stepX) or a square in the
y-direction (with stepY), it always jumps 1 square at once. If the
ray's direction would be the x-direction, the loop will only have
to jump a square in the x-direction everytime, because the ray will
never change its y-direction. If the ray is a bit sloped to the
y-direction, then every so many jumps in the x-direction, the ray
will have to jump one square in the y-direction. If the ray is
exactly the y-direction, it never has to jump in the x-direction,
etc...
sideDistX and sideDistY get incremented with deltaDistX with every
jump in their direction, and mapX and mapY get incremented with
stepX and stepY respectively.
When the ray has hit a wall, the loop ends, and then we'll know
whether an x-side or y-side of a wall was hit in the variable
"side", and what wall was hit with mapX and mapY. We won't know
exactly where the wall was hit however, but that's not needed in
this case because we won't use textured walls for now.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//perform DDA
while (hit == 0)
{
//jump to next map square, either in x-direction, or in y-direction
if (sideDistX < sideDistY)
{
sideDistX += deltaDistX;
mapX += stepX;
side = 0;
}
else
{
sideDistY += deltaDistY;
mapY += stepY;
side = 1;
}
//Check if ray has hit a wall
if (worldMap[mapX][mapY] > 0) hit = 1;
}
```
|
After the DDA is done, we have to calculate the distance of the ray
to the wall, so that we can calculate how high the wall has to be
drawn after this.
We don't use the Euclidean distance to the point representing player, but
instead the distance to the camera plane (or, the distance of the point
projected on the camera direction to the player), to avoid the fisheye effect.
The fisheye effect is an effect you see if you use the real
distance, where all the walls become rounded, and can make you
sick if you rotate.
The following image shows why we take distance to camera
plane instead of player. With P the player, and the black line the camera plane:
To the left of the player, a few red rays are shown from hitpoints on the wall to
the player, representing Euclidean distance. On the right side of the player, a
few green rays are shown going from hitpoints on the wall directly to the camera
plane instead of to the player. So the lengths of those green lines are examples
of the perpendicular distance we'll use instead of direct Euclidean distance.
In the image, the player is looking directly at the wall, and in that case you
would expect the wall's bottom and top to form a perfectly horizontal line on the
screen. However, the red rays all have a different lenght, so would compute different
wall heights for different vertical stripes, hence the rounded effect. The green rays
on the right all have the same length, so will give the correct result. The same
still apllies for when the player rotates (then the camera plane is no longer horizontal
and the green lines will have different lengths, but still with a constant change between each)
and the walls become diagonal but straight lines on the screen. This explanation is somewhat handwavy but gives the idea.
Note that this part of the code isn't "fisheye correction", such a
correction isn't needed for the way of raycasting used here, the
fisheye effect is simply avoided by the way the distance is
calculated here. It's even easier to calculate this perpendicular
distance than the real distance, we don't even need to know the
exact location where the wall was hit.
This perpenducular distance is called "perpWallDist" in the code. One way to compute it is
to use the formula for shortest distance from a point to a line, where the point is where the wall
was hit, and the line is the camera plane:
However, it can be computed simpler than that: due to how deltaDist and sideDist were scaled by
a factor of |rayDir| above, the length of sideDist already almost equals perpWallDist. We just need
to subtract deltaDist once from it, going one step back, because in the DDA steps above we went one step
further to end up inside the wall.
Depending on whether the ray hit an X side or Y side, the formula is computed using sideDistX, or sideDistY.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//Calculate distance projected on camera direction (Euclidean distance would give fisheye effect!)
if(side == 0) perpWallDist = (sideDistX - deltaDistX);
else perpWallDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY);
```
|
A more detailed derivation of the perpWallDist formula is depicted in the image below, for the side == 1 case.
Meaning of the points:
* P: position of the player, (posX, posY) in the code
* H: hitpoint of the ray on the wall. Its y-position is known to be mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2
* yDist matches "(mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2 - posY)", this is the y coordinate of the Euclidean distance vector, in world coordinates. Here, (1 - stepY) / 2) is a correction term that is 0 or 1 based on positive or negative y direction, which is also used in the initialization of sideDistY.
* dir: the main player looking direction, given by dirX,dirY in the code. The length of this vector is always exactly 1. This matches the looking direction in the center of the screen, as opposed to the direction of the current ray. It is perpendicular to the camera plane, and perpWallDist is parallel to this.
* orange dotted line (may be hard to see, use CTRL+scrollwheel or CTRL+plus to zoom in a desktop browser to see it better): the value that was added to dir to get rayDir. Importantly, this is parallel to the camera plane, perpendicular to dir.
* A: point of the camera plane closest to H, the point where perpWallDist intersects with camera plane
* B: point of X-axis through player closest to H, point where yDist crosses the world X-axis through the player
* C: point at player position + rayDirX
* D: point at player position + rayDir.
* E: This is point D with the dir vector subtracted, in other words, E + dir = D.
* points A, B, C, D, E, H and P are used in the explanation below: they form triangles which are considered: BHP, CDP, AHP and DEP.
The actual derivation:
* 1: Triangles PBH and PCD have the same shape but different size, so same ratios of edges
* 2: Given step 1, the triangles show that the ratio yDist / rayDirY is equal to the ratio Euclidean / |rayDir|, so now we can derive perpWallDist = Euclidean / |rayDir| instead.
* 3: Triangles AHP and EDP have the same shape but different size, so same ratios of edges. Length of edge ED, that is |ED|, equals length of dir, |dir|, which is 1. Similarly, |DP| equals |rayDir|.
* 4: Given step 3, the triangles show that the ratio Euclidean / |rayDir| = perpWallDist / |dir| = perpWallDist / 1.
* 5: Combining steps 4 and 2 shows that perpWallDist = yDist / rayDirY, where yDist is mapY + (1 - stepY) / 2) - posY
* 6: In the code, sideDistY - deltaDistY, after the DDA steps, equals (posY + (1 - stepY) / 2 - mapY) \* deltaDistY (given that sideDistY is computed from posY and mapY), so yDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) / deltaDistY
* 7: Given that deltaDistY = 1 / |rayDirY|, step 6 gives that yDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) \* |rayDirY|
* 8: Combining steps 5 and 7 gives perpWallDist = yDist / rayDirY = (sideDistY - deltaDistY) / |rayDirY| / rayDirY.
* 9: Given how cases for signs of sideDistY and deltaDistY in the code are handled the absolute value doesn't matter, and equals (sideDistY - deltaDistY), which is the formula used
[Thanks to Thomas van der Berg in 2016 for pointing out simplifications of the code (perpWallDist could be simplified and the value reused for wallX).
[Thanks to Roux Morgan in 2020 for helping to clarify the explanation of perpWallDist, the tutorial was lacking some information before this]
[Thanks to Noah Wagner and Elias for finding further simplifications for perpWallDist]
Now that we have the calculated distance (perpWallDist), we can calculate the height of the line
that has to be drawn on screen: this is the inverse of perpWallDist,
and then multiplied by h, the height in pixels of the screen, to
bring it to pixel coordinates. You can of course also multiply it
with another value, for example 2\*h, if you want to walls to be
higher or lower. The value of h will make the walls look like cubes
with equal height, width and depth, while large values will create
higher boxes (depending on your monitor).
Then out of this lineHeight (which is thus the height of the
vertical line that should be drawn), the start and end position of
where we should really draw are calculated. The center of the wall
should be at the center of the screen, and if these points lie
outside the screen, they're capped to 0 or h-1.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//Calculate height of line to draw on screen
int lineHeight = (int)(h / perpWallDist);
//calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current stripe
int drawStart = -lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawStart < 0)drawStart = 0;
int drawEnd = lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawEnd >= h)drawEnd = h - 1;
```
|
Finally, depending on what number the wall that was hit has, a
color is chosen. If an y-side was hit, the color is made darker,
this gives a nicer effect. And then the vertical line is drawn with
the verLine command. This ends the raycasting loop, after it has
done this for every x at least.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//choose wall color
ColorRGB color;
switch(worldMap[mapX][mapY])
{
case 1: color = RGB\_Red; break; //red
case 2: color = RGB\_Green; break; //green
case 3: color = RGB\_Blue; break; //blue
case 4: color = RGB\_White; break; //white
default: color = RGB\_Yellow; break; //yellow
}
//give x and y sides different brightness
if (side == 1) {color = color / 2;}
//draw the pixels of the stripe as a vertical line
verLine(x, drawStart, drawEnd, color);
}
```
|
After the raycasting loop is done, the time of the current and the
previous frame are calculated, the FPS (frames per second) is
calculated and printed, and the screen is redrawn so that
everything (all the walls, and the value of the fps counter)
becomes visible. After that the backbuffer is cleared with cls(),
so that when we draw the walls again the next frame, the floor and
ceiling will be black again instead of still containing pixels from
the previous frame.
The speed modifiers use frameTime, and a constant value, to
determinate the speed of the moving and rotating of the input keys.
Thanks to using the frameTime, we can make sure that the moving and
rotating speed is independent of the processor speed.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//timing for input and FPS counter
oldTime = time;
time = getTicks();
double frameTime = (time - oldTime) / 1000.0; //frameTime is the time this frame has taken, in seconds
print(1.0 / frameTime); //FPS counter
redraw();
cls();
//speed modifiers
double moveSpeed = frameTime \* 5.0; //the constant value is in squares/second
double rotSpeed = frameTime \* 3.0; //the constant value is in radians/second
```
|
The last part is the input part, the keys are read.
If the up arrow is pressed, the player will move forward: add dirX
to posX, and dirY to posY. This assumes that dirX and dirY are
normalized vectors (their length is 1), but they were initially set
like this, so it's ok. There's also a simple collision detection
built in, namely if the new position will be inside a wall, you
won't move. This collision detection can be improved however, for
example by checking if a circle around the player won't go inside
the wall instead of just a single point.
The same is done if you press the down arrow, but then the
direction is subtracted instead.
To rotate, if the left or right arrow is pressed, both the
direction vector and plane vector are rotated by using the formulas
of multiplication with the rotation matrix (and over the angle
rotSpeed).
| |
| --- |
|
```
readKeys();
//move forward if no wall in front of you
if (keyDown(SDLK\_UP))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX + dirX \* moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX += dirX \* moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY + dirY \* moveSpeed)] == false) posY += dirY \* moveSpeed;
}
//move backwards if no wall behind you
if (keyDown(SDLK\_DOWN))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX - dirX \* moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX -= dirX \* moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY - dirY \* moveSpeed)] == false) posY -= dirY \* moveSpeed;
}
//rotate to the right
if (keyDown(SDLK\_RIGHT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX \* cos(-rotSpeed) - dirY \* sin(-rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX \* sin(-rotSpeed) + dirY \* cos(-rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX \* cos(-rotSpeed) - planeY \* sin(-rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX \* sin(-rotSpeed) + planeY \* cos(-rotSpeed);
}
//rotate to the left
if (keyDown(SDLK\_LEFT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX \* cos(rotSpeed) - dirY \* sin(rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX \* sin(rotSpeed) + dirY \* cos(rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX \* cos(rotSpeed) - planeY \* sin(rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX \* sin(rotSpeed) + planeY \* cos(rotSpeed);
}
}
}
```
|
This concludes the code of the untextured raycaster, the result
looks like this, and you can walk around in the map:
Here's an example of what happens if the camera plane isn't
perpendicular to the direction vector, the world appears
skewed:
## Textured Raycaster
Download the source code here: [raycaster\_textured.cpp](files/raycaster_textured.cpp)
The core of the textured version of the raycaster is almost the
same, only at the end some extra calculations need to be done for
the textures, and a loop in the y-direction is required to go
through every pixel to determinate which texel (texture pixel) of
the texture should be used for it.
The vertical stripes can't be drawn with the vertical line command
anymore, instead every pixel has to be drawn seperately. The best
way is to use a 2D array as screen buffer this time, and copy it to
the screen at once, that goes a lot faster than using pset.
Of course we now also need an extra array for the textures, and
since the "drawbuffer" function works with single integer values
for colors (instead of 3 separate bytes for R, G and B), the
textures are stored in this format as well. Normally, you'd load
the textures from a texture file, but for this simple example some
dumb textures are generated instead.
The code is mostly the same as the previous example, the bold parts
are new. Only new parts are explained.
The screenWidth and screenHeight are now defined in the beginning
because we need the same value for the screen function, and to
create the screen buffer. Also new are the texture width and height
that are defined here. These are obviously the width and height in
texels of the textures.
The world map is changed too, this is a more complex map with
corridors and rooms to show the different textures. Again, the 0's
are empty walkthrougable spaces, and each positive number
corresponds to a different texture.
| |
| --- |
|
```
**#define screenWidth 640
#define screenHeight 480
#define texWidth 64
#define texHeight 64**
#define mapWidth 24
#define mapHeight 24
int worldMap[mapWidth][mapHeight]=
{
**{4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,3,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,7},
{4,0,4,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,5,7,7,0,7,7,7,7,7},
{4,0,5,0,0,0,0,5,0,5,0,5,0,5,0,5,7,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,6,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,8},
{4,0,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,8,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,0,0,0,8},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,7,0,0,0,7,7,7,1},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,5,5,5,5,0,5,5,5,5,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,1},
{6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6},
{8,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4},
{6,6,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,0,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6},
{4,4,4,4,4,4,0,4,4,4,6,0,6,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,6,2,0,0,5,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2},
{4,0,6,0,6,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,0,0,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,5,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,2,0,2,2},
{4,0,6,0,6,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,5,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,4,6,0,6,2,0,0,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,2},
{4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,2,2,3,3,3,3,3}**
};
```
|
The screen buffer and texture arrays are declared here. The texture
array is an array of std::vectors, each with a certain
width \* height pixels.
| |
| --- |
|
```
int main(int /\*argc\*/, char \*/\*argv\*/[])
{
double posX = 22.0, posY = 11.5; //x and y start position
double dirX = -1.0, dirY = 0.0; //initial direction vector
double planeX = 0.0, planeY = 0.66; //the 2d raycaster version of camera plane
double time = 0; //time of current frame
double oldTime = 0; //time of previous frame
**Uint32 buffer[screenHeight][screenWidth]; // y-coordinate first because it works per scanline
std::vector texture[8];
for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) texture[i].resize(texWidth \* texHeight);**
```
|
The main function now begins with generating the textures. We have
a double loop that goes through every pixel of the textures, and
then the corresponding pixel of each texture gets a certain value
calculated out of x and y. Some textures get a XOR pattern, some a
simple gradient, others a sort of brick pattern, basicly it are all
quite simple patterns, it's not going to look all that beautiful,
for better textures see the next chapter.
| |
| --- |
|
```
screen(**screenWidth,screenHeight**, 0, "Raycaster");
**//generate some textures
for(int x = 0; x < texWidth; x++)
for(int y = 0; y < texHeight; y++)
{
int xorcolor = (x \* 256 / texWidth) ^ (y \* 256 / texHeight);
//int xcolor = x \* 256 / texWidth;
int ycolor = y \* 256 / texHeight;
int xycolor = y \* 128 / texHeight + x \* 128 / texWidth;
texture[0][texWidth \* y + x] = 65536 \* 254 \* (x != y && x != texWidth - y); //flat red texture with black cross
texture[1][texWidth \* y + x] = xycolor + 256 \* xycolor + 65536 \* xycolor; //sloped greyscale
texture[2][texWidth \* y + x] = 256 \* xycolor + 65536 \* xycolor; //sloped yellow gradient
texture[3][texWidth \* y + x] = xorcolor + 256 \* xorcolor + 65536 \* xorcolor; //xor greyscale
texture[4][texWidth \* y + x] = 256 \* xorcolor; //xor green
texture[5][texWidth \* y + x] = 65536 \* 192 \* (x % 16 && y % 16); //red bricks
texture[6][texWidth \* y + x] = 65536 \* ycolor; //red gradient
texture[7][texWidth \* y + x] = 128 + 256 \* 128 + 65536 \* 128; //flat grey texture
}**
```
|
This is again the start of the gameloop and initial declarations
and calculations before the DDA algorithm. Nothing has changed
here.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//start the main loop
while(!done())
{
for(int x = 0; x < w; x++)
{
//calculate ray position and direction
double cameraX = 2\*x/double(w)-1; //x-coordinate in camera space
double rayDirX = dirX + planeX\*cameraX;
double rayDirY = dirY + planeY\*cameraX;
//which box of the map we're in
int mapX = int(posX);
int mapY = int(posY);
//length of ray from current position to next x or y-side
double sideDistX;
double sideDistY;
//length of ray from one x or y-side to next x or y-side
double deltaDistX = sqrt(1 + (rayDirY \* rayDirY) / (rayDirX \* rayDirX));
double deltaDistY = sqrt(1 + (rayDirX \* rayDirX) / (rayDirY \* rayDirY));
double perpWallDist;
//what direction to step in x or y-direction (either +1 or -1)
int stepX;
int stepY;
int hit = 0; //was there a wall hit?
int side; //was a NS or a EW wall hit?
//calculate step and initial sideDist
if (rayDirX < 0)
{
stepX = -1;
sideDistX = (posX - mapX) \* deltaDistX;
}
else
{
stepX = 1;
sideDistX = (mapX + 1.0 - posX) \* deltaDistX;
}
if (rayDirY < 0)
{
stepY = -1;
sideDistY = (posY - mapY) \* deltaDistY;
}
else
{
stepY = 1;
sideDistY = (mapY + 1.0 - posY) \* deltaDistY;
}
```
|
This is again the DDA loop, and the calculations of the distance
and height, nothing has changed here either.
| |
| --- |
|
```
//perform DDA
while (hit == 0)
{
//jump to next map square, either in x-direction, or in y-direction
if (sideDistX < sideDistY)
{
sideDistX += deltaDistX;
mapX += stepX;
side = 0;
}
else
{
sideDistY += deltaDistY;
mapY += stepY;
side = 1;
}
//Check if ray has hit a wall
if (worldMap[mapX][mapY] > 0) hit = 1;
}
//Calculate distance of perpendicular ray (Euclidean distance would give fisheye effect!)
if(side == 0) perpWallDist = (sideDistX - deltaDistX);
else perpWallDist = (sideDistY - deltaDistY);
//Calculate height of line to draw on screen
int lineHeight = (int)(h / perpWallDist);
//calculate lowest and highest pixel to fill in current stripe
int drawStart = -lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawStart < 0) drawStart = 0;
int drawEnd = lineHeight / 2 + h / 2;
if(drawEnd >= h) drawEnd = h - 1;
```
|
The following calculations are new however, and replace the color
chooser of the untextured raycaster.
The variable texNum is the value of the current map square minus 1,
the reason is that there exists a texture 0, but map tile 0 has no
texture since it represents an empty space. To be able to use
texture 0 anyway, substract 1 so that map tiles with value 1 will
give texture 0, etc...
The value wallX represents the exact value where the wall was hit,
not just the integer coordinates of the wall. This is required to
know which x-coordinate of the texture we have to use. This is
calculated by first calculating the exact x or y coordinate in the
world, and then substracting the integer value of the wall off it.
Note that even if it's called wallX, it's actually an y-coordinate
of the wall if side==1, but it's always the x-coordinate of the
texture.
Finally, texX is the x-coordinate of the texture, and this is
calculated out of wallX.
| |
| --- |
|
```
**//texturing calculations
int texNum = worldMap[mapX][mapY] - 1; //1 subtracted from it so that texture 0 can be used!
//calculate value of wallX
double wallX; //where exactly the wall was hit
if (side == 0) wallX = posY + perpWallDist \* rayDirY;
else wallX = posX + perpWallDist \* rayDirX;
wallX -= floor((wallX));
//x coordinate on the texture
int texX = int(wallX \* double(texWidth));
if(side == 0 && rayDirX > 0) texX = texWidth - texX - 1;
if(side == 1 && rayDirY < 0) texX = texWidth - texX - 1;**
```
|
Now that we know the x-coordinate of the texture, we know that this
coordinate will remain the same, because we stay in the same
vertical stripe of the screen. Now we need a loop in the
y-direction to give each pixel of the vertical stripe the correct
y-coordinate of the texture, called texY.
The value of texY is calculated by increasing by a precomputed step
size (which is possible because this is constant in the vertical
stripe) for each pixel. The step size tells how much to increase in the
texture coordinates (in floating point) for every pixel in vertical screen coordinates.
It then needs to cast the floating point value to integer to select the actual texture pixel.
NOTE: a faster integer-only bresenham or DDA algorithm may be possible for this.
NOTE: The stepping being done here is affine texture mapping, which means we can
interpolate linearly between two points rather than have to compute a different
division for each pixel. This is not perspective correct in general, but for
perfectly vertical walls (and also perfectly horizontal floors/ceilings) it is,
so we can use it for raycasting.
The color of the pixel to be drawn is then simply gotten from
texture[texNum][texX][texY], which is the correct texel of the
correct texture.
Like the untextured raycaster, here too we'll make the color value
darker if an y-side of the wall was hit, because that looks a
little bit better (like there is a sort of lighting). However,
because the color value doesn't exist out of a separate R, G and B
value, but these 3 bytes sticked together in a single integer, a
not so intuitive calculation is used.
The color is made darker by dividing R, G and B through 2. Dividing
a decimal number through 10, can be done by removing the last digit
(e.g. 300/10 is 30: the last zero is removed). Similarly, dividing
a binary number through 2, which is what is done here, is the same
as removing the last bit. This can be done by bitshifting it to the
right with >>1. But, here we're bitshifting a 24-bit integer
(actually 32-bit, but the first 8 bits aren't used). Because of
this, the last bit of one byte will become the first bit of the
next byte, and that screws up the color values! So after the
bitshift, the first bit of every byte has to be set to zero, and
that can be done by binary "AND-ing" the value with the binary
value 011111110111111101111111, which is 8355711 in decimal. So the
result of this is indeed a darker color.
Finally, the current buffer pixel is set to this color, and we move
on to the next y.
| |
| --- |
|
```
**// How much to increase the texture coordinate per screen pixel
double step = 1.0 \* texHeight / lineHeight;
// Starting texture coordinate
double texPos = (drawStart - h / 2 + lineHeight / 2) \* step;
for(int y = drawStart; y<drawEnd; y++)
{
// Cast the texture coordinate to integer, and mask with (texHeight - 1) in case of overflow
int texY = (int)texPos & (texHeight - 1);
texPos += step;
Uint32 color = texture[texNum][texHeight \* texY + texX];
//make color darker for y-sides: R, G and B byte each divided through two with a "shift" and an "and"
if(side == 1) color = (color >> 1) & 8355711;
buffer[y][x] = color;
}
}**
```
|
Now the buffer still has to be drawn, and after that it has to be
cleared (where in the untextured version we simply had to use
"cls". Ensure to do it in scanline order for speed thanks to memory locality for caching).
The rest of this code is again the same.
| |
| --- |
|
```
**drawBuffer(buffer[0]);
for(int y = 0; y < h; y++) for(int x = 0; x < w; x++) buffer[y][x] = 0; //clear the buffer instead of cls()**
//timing for input and FPS counter
oldTime = time;
time = getTicks();
double frameTime = (time - oldTime) / 1000.0; //frametime is the time this frame has taken, in seconds
print(1.0 / frameTime); //FPS counter
redraw();
//speed modifiers
double moveSpeed = frameTime \* 5.0; //the constant value is in squares/second
double rotSpeed = frameTime \* 3.0; //the constant value is in radians/second
```
|
And here's again the keys, nothing has changed here either. If you
like you can try to add strafe keys (to strafe to the left and
right). These have to be made the same way as the up and down keys,
but use planeX and planeY instead of dirX and dirY.
| |
| --- |
|
```
readKeys();
//move forward if no wall in front of you
if (keyDown(SDLK\_UP))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX + dirX \* moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX += dirX \* moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY + dirY \* moveSpeed)] == false) posY += dirY \* moveSpeed;
}
//move backwards if no wall behind you
if (keyDown(SDLK\_DOWN))
{
if(worldMap[int(posX - dirX \* moveSpeed)][int(posY)] == false) posX -= dirX \* moveSpeed;
if(worldMap[int(posX)][int(posY - dirY \* moveSpeed)] == false) posY -= dirY \* moveSpeed;
}
//rotate to the right
if (keyDown(SDLK\_RIGHT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX \* cos(-rotSpeed) - dirY \* sin(-rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX \* sin(-rotSpeed) + dirY \* cos(-rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX \* cos(-rotSpeed) - planeY \* sin(-rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX \* sin(-rotSpeed) + planeY \* cos(-rotSpeed);
}
//rotate to the left
if (keyDown(SDLK\_LEFT))
{
//both camera direction and camera plane must be rotated
double oldDirX = dirX;
dirX = dirX \* cos(rotSpeed) - dirY \* sin(rotSpeed);
dirY = oldDirX \* sin(rotSpeed) + dirY \* cos(rotSpeed);
double oldPlaneX = planeX;
planeX = planeX \* cos(rotSpeed) - planeY \* sin(rotSpeed);
planeY = oldPlaneX \* sin(rotSpeed) + planeY \* cos(rotSpeed);
}
}
}
```
|
Here's a few screenshots of the result:
  
Note: Usually images are stored by horizontal scanlines, but for a raycaster the textures are drawn as vertical stripes. Therefore, to optimally use the cache of the CPU and avoid page misses, it might be more efficient to store the textures in memory vertical stripe by vertical stripe, instead of per horizontal scanline. To do this, after generating the textures, swap their X and Y by (this code only works if texWidth and texHeight are the same):
| |
| --- |
|
```
//swap texture X/Y since they'll be used as vertical stripes
for(size\_t i = 0; i < 8; i++)
for(size\_t x = 0; x < texSize; x++)
for(size\_t y = 0; y < x; y++)
std::swap(texture[i][texSize \* y + x], texture[i][texSize \* x + y]);
```
|
Or just swap X and Y where the textures are generated, but in many cases after loading an image or getting a texture from other formats you'll have it in scanlines anyway and have to swap it this way.
When getting the pixel from the texture then, use the following code instead:
| |
| --- |
|
```
Uint32 color = texture[texNum][texSize \* texX + texY];
```
|
## Wolfenstein 3D Textures
Instead of just generating some textures, let's load a few from
images instead! For example the following 8 textures, which come
from Wolfenstein 3D and are copyright by ID Software.
Just replace the part of the code that generates the texture
patterns with the following (and make sure those textures are in
the correct path). You can download the textures [here](files/wolftex.zip).
| |
| --- |
|
```
//generate some textures
unsigned long tw, th;
loadImage(texture[0], tw, th, "pics/eagle.png");
loadImage(texture[1], tw, th, "pics/redbrick.png");
loadImage(texture[2], tw, th, "pics/purplestone.png");
loadImage(texture[3], tw, th, "pics/greystone.png");
loadImage(texture[4], tw, th, "pics/bluestone.png");
loadImage(texture[5], tw, th, "pics/mossy.png");
loadImage(texture[6], tw, th, "pics/wood.png");
loadImage(texture[7], tw, th, "pics/colorstone.png");
```
|
 
In the original Wolfenstein 3D, the colors of one side was also
made darker than the color of the other side of a wall to create
the shadow effect, but they used a seperate texture every time, a
dark and a light one. Here however, only one texture is used for
each wall and the line of code that divided R, G and B through 2 is
what makes the y-sides darker.
## Performance Considerations
On a modern computer, when using high resolution (4K, as of 2019), this software raycaster
will be slower than some much more complex 3D graphics get rendered on the GPU with a 3D graphics card.
There are at least two issues holding back speed of the raycaster code in this tutorial, which
you can take into account if you'd like to make a super fast raycaster for very high resolutions:
* Raycasting works with vertical stripes, but the screen buffer in memory is laid out with horizontal scanlines. So drawing vertical stripes is bad for memory locality for caching (it is in fact a worst case scenario), and the loss of
good caching may hurt the speed more than some of the 3D computations on modern machines.
It may be possible to program this with better caching behavior (e.g. processing
multiple stripes at once, using a cache-oblivious transpose algorithm, or having a 90 degree rotated raycaster), but for
simplicity the rest of this tutorial ignores this caching issue.
* This is using software blitting with SDL (in QuickCG, in redraw()), which is slow for large resolutions compared to hardware rendering. Likely QuickCG's usage of SDL itself is not optimal and e.g. using OpenGL (even for software rendering) may be faster, so that may be fixable behind the scenes. Since this CG tutorial is about software rendering this issue is ignored here as well.
## Next Part
[Go directly to part II](raycasting2.html)
##
---
Last edited: 2020
Copyright (c) 2004-2020 by Lode Vandevenne. All rights reserved.
| https://lodev.org/cgtutor/raycasting.html |
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<td width="348"> <div align="center"><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="menu_label_Kodak_Enlargers.jpg" width="206" height="36"></font></div></td>
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<td width="10"> </td>
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<tr>
<td width="15"> </td>
<td colspan="5"> <p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><br>
From the start, George Eastman sold photographic packages--cameras and
film. It might be more accurate to say that he rented the cameras and
sold the film and processing. In the glass-plate era, photographers did
their own processing, since processing began by preparing the emulsified
wet plate prior to the exposure, but Eastman correctly reckoned that if
photography was ever to grow into a populist activity it had to be easier
than mounting a couple of hundred pounds of cameras and portable darkroom
equipment on a burro for a trek into the Sierras. His first innovation
was dry film loaded into a camera that the photographer bought, shot the
roll of film, returned it to Kodak for processing and awaited a reloaded
camera returned with finished negatives and prints.<br>
<br>
</font></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td width="312" valign="top"><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="AF1_500.jpg" width="312" height="500"></font></td>
<td width="10" valign="top"><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="space7.gif" width="9" height="32"></font></td>
<td colspan="3" valign="top"><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">Professional
photographers and a growing number of advanced amateurs who wanted more
personal control over film processing and print making represented a market
for photographic paper and chemicals that Kodak was glad to exploit and
Kodak's market for photosenstitive materials and chemicals grew to accomodate
users from Boy Scouts to large industrial users. By the period covered by
this site--the last half of the 1930s through the mid-1950s--Kodak was the
major supplier of home and small business darkroom equipment. Even small
communities had at least one portrait photographer, providing a broad market
for view cameras, enlargers and other film processing and printing equipment.
Quality commercial images required large format equipment--at least 4 x
5, and most studios used 5 x 7 and 8 x 10 cameras for portaiture. These
negatives required large enlargers, like the Eastman (Kodak) Auto Focus
enlarger, shown at the left. By the late 1940s, Kodak offered a varied range
of enlarger equipment for small commercial and home darkrooms. The down-sized,
less expensive home units often benefitted from features and quality standards
in the commercial line made possible by the large scale production of the
line for home darkrooms.</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td colspan="4"> <p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"> <br>
Candid photography was considered important by the American government
during WW II as family snapshots were seen as a way to maintain troop
morale, so camera equipment and supplies were not as rationed as materials
for some hobbies. During WW II, Kodak had increased production of equipment
and supplies for defense and, as in many American industries, these manufacturing
resources were turned toward the consumer market at the close of the war.
Bessler and Omega would eventually invade the American home and small-business
enlarger trade, but European manufacturing and marketing had to recover
from the war, allowing Kodak to maintain its vast American market share
in the immediate post-war years.</font></p>
<p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"> Post WW II hobbyists typically
worked with three film formats--35mm, 120/620 and 6 x 9 and 4 x5
sheet film. Kodak had traditionally made wood framed enlargers, but during
the Kodak Golden Age, Kodak migrated to metal construction in both professional
and amateur enlargers. From roughly 1940 to 1950, there were several enlarger
models to attract the hobbyist.<br>
<br>
</font></p></td>
<td> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="703" border="0" cellpadding=" ">
<tr>
<td width="2" height="218"><img src="space15.gif" width="15" height="32"></td>
<td width="201" height="218" valign="top"><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="MiniOF_300.jpg" width="245" height="300"><br>
<font size="2">Kodak Portable Miniature Enlarger</font> <a href="KodakPortEnlarger.htm"><img src="NEXTDOCWh.GIF" width="21" height="14" border="0"></a>
</font></td>
<td width="235" height="218" valign="top"><font size="2" face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="Advance1_300.jpg" width="242" height="300"><br>
Advance Enlarger</font></td>
<td width="215" height="218" valign="top"><font size="2" face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="Autofocus1_300.jpg" width="243" height="300">Kodak
Autofocus Enlarger</font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="619"> </td>
<td valign="top" height="619"> <p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><br>
The Portable Miniature Enlarger was an exception to metal construction,
with a Bakelite body mounted on a metal post; the outfit included an integrating
dedicated case and was probably attractive as much because, for those
whose darkroom was a darkened bathroom, the case provided a safe and compact
place for the enlarger when it wasn't set up. </font></p>
<p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">The Advance Enlarger was described
by Kodak as "not as pretentious" as the Precision. It will handle
negatives up through 3 <font size="2">1/4</font> x 4 <font size="2">1/4
</font>and has a base and post arrangement similar to that of the Precision,
has a diffusion type head and a combination negative carrier that uses
masks. The primitive set of paper clamps in the baseboard creates only
two-sided borders.</font></p>
<p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">The Kodak Autofocus enlarger allows
resizing without refocusing in a range of 1.5x to 3.5x. In manual focus
mode it works in a range from 2.25x to 12.25x. It handles negatives up
to 4 x 6 and has two illumination levels. Both of these enlarger models
appear in a c. 1940 Kodak publication, but were not listed in a 1948 brochure
on Kodak enlarging equipment.</font></p>
<p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">In the 1950s, the downsizing of
film stocks, European competition and Kodak's drift away from the quality
camera market showed in its enlarger offerings. The Kodak Flurolite replaced
the small Precision configuration and was generally equivalent in quality
with a similar list of accessories. A new entry level Kodak Hobbyist,
with minimal features, was introduced. Both had coldlight heads that reduced
heat transmitted to negatives.</font></p>
<p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">The Precision Enlargers were built
around a modular design and both the 6 x 9 cm model and
the 4 x 5 inch model shared a common post and base design.
The lens board, bellows, negative gate and heads were different. This
design also allowed Kodak to make and offer many accessories, including
interfaces to film holders and Kodak cameras that could be used for copying
and tabletop photography.</font></p></td>
<td height="619" valign="top"><p><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="Prec_69_300.jpg" width="203" height="300"><br>
<font size="2">Kodak Precision Enlarger <br>
with A Assembly </font> <a href="KodakPrecision.htm"><img src="NEXTDOCWh.GIF" width="21" height="14" border="0"></a>
</font></p>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2" face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="Hob1_300.jpg" width="233" height="300"><br>
Kodak Hobbyist Enlarger</font><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"> <a href="KodakCoollight.htm"><img src="NEXTDOCWh.GIF" width="21" height="14" border="0"></a>
</font></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p></td>
<td height="619" valign="top"><p><img src="Prec_45_300.jpg" width="203" height="300"><br>
<font size="2">Kodak Precision Enlarger <br>
with B Assembly</font> <font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><a href="KodakPrecision.htm"><img src="NEXTDOCWh.GIF" width="21" height="14" border="0"></a></font><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">
</font></p>
<p> </p>
<p><font size="2" face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT"><img src="Flor1_300.jpg" width="210" height="300"></font><br>
<font size="2" face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">Kodak Flurolite Enlarger</font><font face="Gill Sans, Futura Md BT">
<a href="KodakCoollight.htm"><img src="NEXTDOCWh.GIF" width="21" height="14" border="0"></a></font>
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| Kodak Enlargers
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| | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | |
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | | | | |
| |
From the start, George Eastman sold photographic packages--cameras and
film. It might be more accurate to say that he rented the cameras and
sold the film and processing. In the glass-plate era, photographers did
their own processing, since processing began by preparing the emulsified
wet plate prior to the exposure, but Eastman correctly reckoned that if
photography was ever to grow into a populist activity it had to be easier
than mounting a couple of hundred pounds of cameras and portable darkroom
equipment on a burro for a trek into the Sierras. His first innovation
was dry film loaded into a camera that the photographer bought, shot the
roll of film, returned it to Kodak for processing and awaited a reloaded
camera returned with finished negatives and prints. |
| | | | Professional
photographers and a growing number of advanced amateurs who wanted more
personal control over film processing and print making represented a market
for photographic paper and chemicals that Kodak was glad to exploit and
Kodak's market for photosenstitive materials and chemicals grew to accomodate
users from Boy Scouts to large industrial users. By the period covered by
this site--the last half of the 1930s through the mid-1950s--Kodak was the
major supplier of home and small business darkroom equipment. Even small
communities had at least one portrait photographer, providing a broad market
for view cameras, enlargers and other film processing and printing equipment.
Quality commercial images required large format equipment--at least 4 x
5, and most studios used 5 x 7 and 8 x 10 cameras for portaiture. These
negatives required large enlargers, like the Eastman (Kodak) Auto Focus
enlarger, shown at the left. By the late 1940s, Kodak offered a varied range
of enlarger equipment for small commercial and home darkrooms. The down-sized,
less expensive home units often benefitted from features and quality standards
in the commercial line made possible by the large scale production of the
line for home darkrooms. |
| |
Candid photography was considered important by the American government
during WW II as family snapshots were seen as a way to maintain troop
morale, so camera equipment and supplies were not as rationed as materials
for some hobbies. During WW II, Kodak had increased production of equipment
and supplies for defense and, as in many American industries, these manufacturing
resources were turned toward the consumer market at the close of the war.
Bessler and Omega would eventually invade the American home and small-business
enlarger trade, but European manufacturing and marketing had to recover
from the war, allowing Kodak to maintain its vast American market share
in the immediate post-war years. Post WW II hobbyists typically
worked with three film formats--35mm, 120/620 and 6 x 9 and 4 x5
sheet film. Kodak had traditionally made wood framed enlargers, but during
the Kodak Golden Age, Kodak migrated to metal construction in both professional
and amateur enlargers. From roughly 1940 to 1950, there were several enlarger
models to attract the hobbyist. | |
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | Kodak Portable Miniature Enlarger |
Advance Enlarger | Kodak
Autofocus Enlarger |
| |
The Portable Miniature Enlarger was an exception to metal construction,
with a Bakelite body mounted on a metal post; the outfit included an integrating
dedicated case and was probably attractive as much because, for those
whose darkroom was a darkened bathroom, the case provided a safe and compact
place for the enlarger when it wasn't set up. The Advance Enlarger was described
by Kodak as "not as pretentious" as the Precision. It will handle
negatives up through 3 1/4 x 4 1/4
and has a base and post arrangement similar to that of the Precision,
has a diffusion type head and a combination negative carrier that uses
masks. The primitive set of paper clamps in the baseboard creates only
two-sided borders. The Kodak Autofocus enlarger allows
resizing without refocusing in a range of 1.5x to 3.5x. In manual focus
mode it works in a range from 2.25x to 12.25x. It handles negatives up
to 4 x 6 and has two illumination levels. Both of these enlarger models
appear in a c. 1940 Kodak publication, but were not listed in a 1948 brochure
on Kodak enlarging equipment. In the 1950s, the downsizing of
film stocks, European competition and Kodak's drift away from the quality
camera market showed in its enlarger offerings. The Kodak Flurolite replaced
the small Precision configuration and was generally equivalent in quality
with a similar list of accessories. A new entry level Kodak Hobbyist,
with minimal features, was introduced. Both had coldlight heads that reduced
heat transmitted to negatives. The Precision Enlargers were built
around a modular design and both the 6 x 9 cm model and
the 4 x 5 inch model shared a common post and base design.
The lens board, bellows, negative gate and heads were different. This
design also allowed Kodak to make and offer many accessories, including
interfaces to film holders and Kodak cameras that could be used for copying
and tabletop photography. | Kodak Precision Enlarger
with A Assembly
Kodak Hobbyist Enlarger | Kodak Precision Enlarger
with B Assembly
Kodak Flurolite Enlarger |
| | | |
| |
|
| | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | 10/28/2010 4:48 | | | |
| http://www.bnphoto.org/bnphoto/KodakEnlargers.htm |
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<h1 align="center">Beginner's Guide to Arguing Constructively</h1>
<p align="center"><span style="font-size:12px;">First published September 2020</span><br />
<br />
<em>Questions? Suggestions? E-mail me:</em> <img alt="" height="22" src="liamrosen.png" title="" width="164" /></p>
<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
<p><a href="#intro">PART I: INTRO</a><br />
<a href="#mindset">PART II: MINDSET</a><br />
<a href="#prework">PART III: PRE-WORK</a><br />
<a href="#debatebreakdown">PART IV: BREAKING DOWN A DEBATE</a><br />
<a href="#strategies">PART V: STRATEGIES</a><br />
<a href="#tips">PART VI: TIPS</a><br />
<a href="#thanks">PART VII: CONCLUSION</a></p>
<h2><a id="intro" name="intro">INTRO</a></h2>
<p>The vast majority of people on earth argue in a <em>destructive </em>fashion. Debates, especially in online spaces, are viewed as a battle of the wits in which egos are put on display and there can be only one "winner".</p>
<p>Instead, we should be arguing in a <em>constructive </em>fashion: treating arguments as an opportunity to expand knowledge, finding points of disagreement, and collaborating towards a common truth.</p>
<p>I have a confession to make: I used to be a destructive arguer. When I was younger, my goal in any argument was not to learn something new, but rather to assure my superiority over what I felt to be the clear stupidity of the other side. I even used to save screenshots of debates I had on various forums and social media platforms, returning periodically to reminisce about past skirmishes in which I "<a href="https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/trigger-the-libs">owned the conservatives</a>".</p>
<p>Luckily, several years spent abroad gave me a different perspective. I realized that in the small-sided debates I used to engage in back home, my positions lacked the nuance and context of the greater world. For the first time, I began to do deep research on how to think — and argue — more clearly, drawing from concepts from philosophy, psychology, and behavioral economics.</p>
<p>This widened outlook led me to see arguments as a chance to build value, rather than destroy it. Instead of going through the mental anguish of battle, I now follow a collaborative approach to debate that I'd like to share in this guide in hopes that it will inspire others to argue more constructively.</p>
<p>Note that the content in this guide will focus on arguments about public issues, like politics and religion, as opposed to personal issues, like "you need to communicate more" or "you haven't done the dishes in weeks". Though there is overlap between the two, interpersonal arguments are much more complex and require more nuance than this guide can provide, plus there are already a ton of great resources out there that explore these topics more thoroughly.</p>
<h2><a id="mindset" name="mindset">MINDSET</a></h2>
<blockquote>
<p style="text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-size:18px;"><em> "An argument should be a collaboration between two people to find the truth."</em></span></strong></p>
</blockquote>
<p>If I had to distill this guide down to one sentence, it would be the above. Even if you forget the individual tenets and strategies this guide has to offer, as long as you are treating any given argument as a collaboration in search of truth, you can't go wrong.</p>
<p>Arguing more effectively requires detaching yourself from the idea of "winning" in the traditional sense. Instead, you should declare victory when you have argued in good faith and kept an open mind.</p>
<p>True collaboration requires that both parties open an investigation into why they may be wrong and consider changing their beliefs. Which brings us to the three core tenets of a constructive debate mindset:</p>
<h3>Acknowledge You May Be Wrong, and Be Willing to Change Your Mind <a href="#Acknowledge You May Be Wrong, and Be Willing to Change Your Mind" id="Acknowledge You May Be Wrong, and Be Willing to Change Your Mind" name="Acknowledge You May Be Wrong, and Be Willing to Change Your Mind"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Was there ever a time in which you had a deeply-held belief about something, but slowly came to realize that you were wrong? Maybe you thought a past partner was "the one", or you were devoted to a religious faith. Or perhaps something as simple as believing in Santa Claus.</p>
<p>What's to say that couldn't happen with the other deeply-held beliefs, given enough evidence?</p>
<p>Go into every debate with the mindset that you may not know everything about the topic at hand, and in fact <em>may be wrong</em>.</p>
<p>If you successfully acknowledge that you may be wrong, it follows that you must then be willing to change your mind. Having the humility to admit that your mind has been changed is one of the most honorable positions in a good faith debate.</p>
<h3>Arguments Are Not Soldiers <a href="#Arguments Are Not Soldiers" id="Arguments Are Not Soldiers" name="Arguments Are Not Soldiers"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>In a war, all soldiers take an oath to fight for their own side, no matter what amount they agree with its principles. <a href="https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/9weLK2AJ9JEt2Tt8f/politics-is-the-mind-killer">Eliezer Yudkowsky once observed</a> that in political debates, arguments were treated like soldiers: "<em>Once you know which side you're on, you must support all arguments of that side, and attack all arguments that appear to favor the enemy side; otherwise it's like stabbing your soldiers in the back.</em>"</p>
<p>Because most people go into debate with a war-like mentality, they feel they must fly the flag for all points that <em>their</em><em> side</em> supports, regardless of how much they actually agree with them.</p>
<p>The red state gun-owner must be pro-religion, anti-abortion, anti-drugs, anti-tax, and skeptical of gender issues.</p>
<p>The blue state Subaru-owner must be anti-religion, pro-abortion, pro-drugs, pro-tax(ing-the-rich), and concerned about gender issues.</p>
<p>Most annoying is that given the societal expectations for this divide, being for or against one issue immediately assigns you to a "side" in the views of everyone involved. Breaking out of this Arguments as Soldiers mindset involves two steps:</p>
<p>1. Do not be afraid to agree with the arguments of the other side when they strike you as reasonable, and critique the arguments of your own side when they strike you as unreasonable (better yet, try not to have a side).</p>
<p>2. On the flip side, avoid stereotyping your debate partner based on one opinion. If you are engaging with someone in debate for the first time, assume that they agree with you on every other position than the one they are defending, until proven otherwise.</p>
<h3>There's Always Someone Who Thinks the Jedi Are Evil <a href="#There's Always Someone Who Thinks the Jedi Are Evil" id="There's Always Someone Who Thinks the Jedi Are Evil" name="There's Always Someone Who Thinks the Jedi Are Evil"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p><em>Brace yourself, Star Wars references incoming:</em></p>
<p>In a given debate, almost everyone thinks they are a member of the Jedi order, fighting for all that is virtuous and good in the universe. Yet for every Jedi, there's a Sith out there <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llLKar19XhA">who thinks that the Jedi are evil</a> and wrong and that <em>they</em> are actually the ones fighting for virtue and good. Remember that this person might even be <em>you</em>.</p>
<p>Of course, you are not a full agent of good, and your debate partner is not an agent of evil, or vice versa. You are simply citizens of the galaxy who happen to be operating with different sets of information. Look at the situation from a different perspective: if you were raised with Sith beliefs from childhood, don't you think you might believe the exact same things a Sith would?</p>
<p>In debate, your goal should not be to <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMNKwZTv1d0">strike down the side of evil with all your hatred</a>, but rather work together with them to uncover the true facts about the universe, and in doing so perhaps change both your perspectives.</p>
<h2><a id="mindset" name="prework">PRE-WORK</a></h2>
<p>It would be great if choosing to pursue the path of arguing constructively was just a matter of changing your mindset overnight, but as Carl Sagan once said: <a href="https://youtu.be/BkHCO8f2TWs?t=9">"If you wish to bake an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe."</a></p>
<p>In the same vein, if you wish to improve the constructiveness of the debates you engage in, you must first spend time re-inventing your entire mind.</p>
<p>This is because our mind is constantly working against us, plagued by ancient errors from the times in which we lived in caves and hunted woolly mammoths. These errors work against us in the form of cognitive biases and logical fallacies, which hinder our ability to clearly see reality and engage in sound debate.</p>
<h3>Recognize and Avoid Cognitive Biases <a href="#Recognize and Avoid Cognitive Biases" id="Recognize and Avoid Cognitive Biases" name="Recognize and Avoid Cognitive Biases"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Cognitive biases are limits and mistakes in human judgement that prevent someone from acting rationally. They are present in every aspect of human life, and in tense situations like arguments, they tend to appear more often as emotions are heightened and the brain gets overloaded.</p>
<p>Common examples that relate to debates are <em>confirmation bias</em>, or the tendency of humans to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs, and <em>ingroup bias</em>, or the tendency to agree more strongly with people that appear to be part of our "tribe", but there are over 100 identified biases, and it's worth reading through the Wikipedia article on the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases">most common cognitive biases</a> so you can recognize when they might be clouding your thinking.</p>
<h3>Recognize and Avoid Logical Fallacies <a href="#Recognize and Avoid Logical Fallacies" id="Recognize and Avoid Logical Fallacies" name="Recognize and Avoid Logical Fallacies"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>In part caused by cognitive biases, logical fallacies are errors in argument that give off an air of decisiveness, despite making points that don't hold up to logical scrutiny. While these are often used unintentionally, due to bias, carelessness, or ignorance, unfortunately, they can also be wielded intentionally by a shrewd debate partner.</p>
<p>Common examples in debate include the <em>false dilemma fallacy</em>: "you're either with us or against us", and the <em>slippery slope fallacy</em>: "if we allow the gays to marry, what's next: plants?" Just like cognitive biases, there are a large number of identified logical fallacies, and it's worth it to review the <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies">entire list</a>, so you can spot them in your own arguments and in those of others.</p>
<h2><a id="debatebreakdown" name="debatebreakdown">BREAKING DOWN A DEBATE</a></h2>
<p>To the untrained eye, a debate might look like two or more parties trading argumentative points back and forth. But interestingly, these points can almost perfectly be classified into a few categories. Understanding these categories, and why some types of arguments are better than others, is crucial for learning how we and those whom we engage with in debate might shape their points. In a brilliant post called <em><a href="https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/05/08/varieties-of-argumentative-experience/">Varieties of Argumentative Experience</a></em>, Scott Alexander does just this, illuminating and labeling practically every part of a debate. The post itself is basically required reading, but is long-ish<em>,</em> so I will summarize here.</p>
<p>Think of a debate as a pyramid: <a href="#debatepyramid" id="debatepyramid" name="debatepyramid"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></p>
<p><img alt="" height="548" src="/Pyramid of Argumentative Experience.svg" width="978" /></p>
<p>In general, the lower on the pyramid you are, the worse debate you're having. The goal should be to start as high as possible and continue to work your way towards the top.</p>
<p>Debates on twitter and other forms of social media are almost guaranteed to never rise above the lower dotted line, as these platform don't allow for more nuanced debate. Everything above the higher dotted line is our gold standard: two intelligent, charitable, and versed debaters can successfully maintain a debate at this level until some form of resolution.</p>
<p>The blue side represents the discussion surrounding facts and the red side represents the discussion surrounding the philosophy behind them: how the arguments must fit together before one side is right or wrong.</p>
<h3>Meta-Debate <a href="#Meta-Debate" id="Meta-Debate" name="Meta-Debate"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The <strong>meta-debate </strong>is represented outside of our pyramid of debate as a Sphinx, because it "guards" the debate itself.</p>
<p>Most of what people do in disagreements about political or social issues is just debate about the debate, without actually engaging in the debate. This can come in many forms:</p>
<ul>
<li>discussion about the debate itself: "OK, this is actually getting unproductive. I'm leaving" or "This is really the wrong platform to be having this debate on"</li>
<li>sensitivity concerns: "Wow, you seem angry" or the converse "Stop tone policing"</li>
<li>painting with broad strokes: "It's not worth it to debate environmentalists. You'll never convince them"</li>
</ul>
<p>Though these concerns may not necessarily be wrong, and may often be necessary to maintain good debate norms, we over-value them, and meta-debate comments can often crowd out actual productive debate.</p>
<h3>Social Shaming <a href="#Social Shaming" id="Social Shaming" name="Social Shaming"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Moving inside the pyramid from the bottom up, the majority of comments inside most debates itself can be qualified as <strong>social shaming</strong>. Examples are: "I can't believe it's 2020 and we're still listening to white males on this issue" or “Just another purple-haired SJW snowflake who thinks all disagreement is oppression.” Fans of logical fallacies may recognize this as an <em>ad hominem</em> fallacy, but social shaming goes above and beyond as it is an intentional ad hominem used to frame the "other side", by virtue of their status or tribal affiliation, as being completely unworthy of participating in the conversation. Social shaming should be avoided entirely. Remember, what's at stake are the issues, not the people debating them.</p>
<h3>Gotchas <a href="#Gotchas" id="Gotchas" name="Gotchas"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The next tier up are <strong>gotchas</strong>: short, catchy arguments that make great soundbites, but are usually either irrelevant to the argument at hand or based on a logical fallacy. Example: "If you hate America so much, why don't you just leave?" This is clearly a fallacy. One could hate America but want to stay and make it a better place, or hate America but think that all other countries are worse, or simply just not want to incur the costs of moving. If you find yourself cheering on a short, pithy statement that paints the other side in broad strokes, you're probably falling victim to a gotcha.</p>
<h3>Single Fact <a href="#Single Fact" id="Single Fact" name="Single Fact"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Spotting a <strong>single fact</strong> is a sign that your debate has passed the first dotted line and is at least minimally productive. While more commendable than shaming or trying to trick someone, single facts don't add much to a debate. Even examples that are technically true, like “The UK has gun control, and the murder rate there is only a quarter of the USA's” or “Hillary Clinton is awful, she handled her emails in a scandalously incompetent manner and tried to cover it up” fall victim to logical fallacies, like <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation">correlation not implying causation</a> (the US murder rate might be higher due to factors outside of gun control) and the <a href="https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Fallacy-of-Composition">fallacy of composition</a> (just because the Hillary Clinton did something bad, doesn't necessarily mean she might be a bad candidate).</p>
<h3>Single Study <a href="#Single Study" id="Single Study" name="Single Study"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Moving up the pyramid, a <strong>single study </strong>is always better than a single fact, because they at least provide a source where a competent third party looked into the issue and reached a conclusion. However, studies are not infallible. At the click of a button, one can find a study to represent almost any point of view. Study conclusions can misrepresent reality based on experimenter bias, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dredging">p-hacking</a>, etc.</p>
<h3>Good Faith Survey of Evidence <a href="#Good Faith Survey of Evidence" id="Good Faith Survey of Evidence" name="Good Faith Survey of Evidence"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The final level of fact-based debate is a <strong>good faith survey of evidence</strong>. This requires a lot of work, as it involves a deep dive into a position: reading the most relevant studies on both sides, examining each study's potential biases, and reporting back. An example of what that might look like is: “I just reviewed several studies, and it seems that this level of gun control would cause 500 fewer murders a year, but also prevent 50 law-abiding gun owners from defending themselves. Overall I think that would be worth it.” The word <em>good faith</em> here is very important: it's easy to cherry pick studies that support your position, but performing a good faith survey means looking at many relevant studies on the topic, picking only the ones with the strongest scientific rigor, and concluding from there.</p>
<p>We now move to the red side of the pyramid graphic, which represents the philosophical side of the debate:</p>
<h3>Isolated Demands for Rigor <a href="#Isolated Demands for Rigor" id="Isolated Demands for Rigor" name="Isolated Demands for Rigor"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p><strong>Isolated demands for rigor</strong> are typically quick attempts to demand that an argument satisfies such strict requirements that it is almost impossible to comply with, especially in the context of a real-time debate. An example might be saying: “You can’t be an atheist if you can’t prove God doesn’t exist.” On its surface, this sounds like a catchy argument, but if you turn it around, it doesn't make sense: "You can't tell me <em>Bigfoot </em>isn't real without proving it doesn't exist" is something we'd never accept, for instance. Whenever someone is forcing you to comply with invented standards they wouldn't apply to their own arguments, this is usually an isolated demand for rigor.</p>
<h3>Disputing Definitions <a href="#Disputing Definitions" id="Disputing Definitions" name="Disputing Definitions"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Next up is <strong>disputing definitions</strong>, also known as an argument about semantics. Debates that reach this point can languish and falter because they immediately become about philosophical semantics, rather than the argument itself. If you start hearing arguments like: "Abortion is just state-sanctioned murder" or "Capitalism is terrorism", you're in for a bad time and you should attempt to elevate the level of debate immediately. The article <a href="https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/FaJaCgqBKphrDzDSj/37-ways-that-words-can-be-wrong">37 Ways That Words Can Be Wrong</a> is a great primer on why semantics is a deathtrap for debates.</p>
<h3>Clarifying <a href="#Clarifying" id="Clarifying" name="Clarifying"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p><strong>Clarifying</strong> is when people try to figure out what their opponent's position is: "Are you opposed to laws saying that convicted felons can’t get guns? What about laws saying that there has to be a waiting period?” Clarifying someone's position is generally fine, because there are often so many misconceptions about what people actually believe, but can quickly devolve into ad hominem: questions like "so you're saying that rape is good and we should have more of it?" are all-too-common and should obviously be avoided.</p>
<h3>Operationalizing <a href="#Operationalizing" id="Operationalizing" name="Operationalizing"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Almost to the top: <strong>operationalizing</strong> happens when both parties know exactly what their positions are, what the terms within them mean, and what the exact issue under question is. These typically resolve to one goalpost, for example: "If the US were to raise the national minimum wage to $15, the average poor person would be better off." An argument is operationalized when every part of it has either been reduced to a factual question with a real answer, or when it’s obvious exactly what kind of non-factual disagreement is going on (like a conflict in values). Typically, all that's left to resolve the disagreement is just a good faith survey of evidence.</p>
<h3>High Level Generators of Disagreement <a href="#High Level Generators of Disagreement" id="High Level Generators of Disagreement" name="High Level Generators of Disagreement"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The top level of the pyramid is occupied by <strong>high level generators of disagreement</strong>. These arise when everyone involved knows exactly what's being argued, agrees on what the facts and evidence say, but there is still a vague reason why disagreement still exists. Usually these boil down to conflicts about values, ethics, or philosophy. For example:</p>
<p>“Capital punishment might decrease crime, but I draw the line at intentionally killing people. I don’t want to live in a society that does that, no matter what its reasons.”</p>
<p>You could try arguing this further, but it gets difficult as these sorts of value judgments are often based on far-reaching cultural norms, or hundreds of past experiences with similar issues. In any case, any argument that's gotten to this point has been well-argued and both parties should be happy with the result.</p>
<h2><a id="strategies" name="strategies">STRATEGIES</a></h2>
<p>A changed mindset and a better understanding of how a debate breaks down get us most of the way towards a constructive debate, but there are still a number of specific strategies we can employ to make sure a debate stays as constructive as possible:</p>
<h3>Assign Probabilities to Your Arguments <a href="#Assign Probabilities to Your Arguments" id="Assign Probabilities to Your Arguments" name="Assign Probabilities to Your Arguments"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>No one believes anything 100%. When you put forth an argument you are less sure about, debating in good faith includes letting your opponent know exactly how strongly you feel about a certain argument.</p>
<p>You might say something like, "I also have a feeling that arming teachers would reduce gun violence in schools, but I'm less sure about that than [other belief you have]". If you're really feeling saucy, you can assign a numerical value to their beliefs, like: "I think there's about an 70% probability that arming teachers would reduce gun violence in schools."</p>
<h3>Double Cruxing <a href="#Double Cruxing" id="Double Cruxing" name="Double Cruxing"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The crux is the point where you and your opponent's argument intersect. Though finding this point may sound simple, it doesn't actually happen in most debates: the two sides just talk past each other, each attacking the other's strawman. In the following example, two people reach disagreement:<br />
<br />
Person A: Apples grow on trees.<br />
Person B: No they don't.<br />
<br />
In this situation, many arguers simply stop here and assume that the crux of their argument is whether apples grow on trees or not, and then continue to loudly shout contradictions at each other:<br />
<br />
Person A: Yes they do!<br />
Person B: No they don't.<br />
<br />
However, we can solve this with a technique known as <a href="https://www.rationality.org/resources/updates/2016/double-crux">double cruxing</a>, where both parties abstract their arguments by one level and find a falsifiable fact that, if proven true, would cause them to change their beliefs.</p>
<p>Person A: I would change my belief if we examined all the trees in the world and found that none of them bore apples.<br />
Person B: I would change my belief if we found a single tree from which apples grew.</p>
<p>Sometimes, it's that simple, but other times, we might have to double crux again:<br />
<br />
Person A: They do grow on trees! Look at that tree over there, it has apples on it.<br />
Person B: That's not a tree, it's just an unusually large fern.</p>
<p>A-ha! We see that the crux of the disagreement was not actually about whether apples grow on trees, but about each person's definition of <em>tree </em>(you may recognize this as <strong>disputing definitions</strong> from our pyramid above). Both need to double crux again:<br />
<br />
Person A: I would change my belief that this proves my point if this tree were found out to actually be a fern.<br />
Person B: I would change my belief if we found out that this fern were actually a tree.</p>
<p>Note that this may go down a rabbit hole (for example, say Person A tried to resolve by looking the word <em>tree </em>up in a dictionary, but Person B was unhappy about the reliability of the dictionary. The crux, now seemingly about dictionary reliability, has been abstracted by another level.) It's important to recognize when this is happening and get the debate back on track.</p>
<h3>Echoing <a href="#Echoing" id="Echoing" name="Echoing"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Echoing means restating someone's point back to them to make sure you understood it correctly. This is more necessary for synchronous debates where information flows quickly.</p>
<p><em>"Just to make sure I'm clear, you're saying that you're opposed to rent control primarily because it just causes landlords to push rent increase costs onto new renters?"</em></p>
<p>Not only does this make them feel heard, it also allows them the chance to clarify their beliefs.</p>
<h3>Leave a Line of Retreat <a href="#Leave a Line of Retreat" id="Leave a Line of Retreat" name="Leave a Line of Retreat"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Always leave your partner a line of retreat. No one wants to lose face, and giving someone no option to easily bow out of a debate can lead to explosive consequences. This probably goes without saying, but a simple way to do this is just to keep your debates polite and treat those who disagree with you with respect, no matter how much you may believe they are wrong.</p>
<h3>Separate Your Arguments From Your Emotions <a href="#Separate Your Arguments From Your Emotions" id="Separate Your Arguments From Your Emotions" name="Separate Your Arguments From Your Emotions"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Arguing in good faith does not mean becoming a completely rational being, devoid of emotion. It does, however, mean introspecting on which emotions may be affecting your points and doing your best to remain objective. Taking note of your debate partner's emotions and how they may be affecting his or her arguments is similarly valuable.</p>
<h3>Steelmanning <a href="#Steelmanning" id="Steelmanning" name="Steelmanning"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>If I had to pick the most important technique on this list, steelmanning would be it.</p>
<p>Earlier in this guide I've referenced the <a href="https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/strawman">strawman</a> logical fallacy, where one party in a debate intentionally exaggerates or misrepresents another party's position, then attacks it, in order to make their argument look stronger.</p>
<p>As you can probably guess, a steelman is the exact opposite. Instead of taking on a weaker version of your opponent's argument, help the entire debate out by thinking of the best and most charitable version of your opponent's argument, then repeat it back to them to see if it makes sense. Once you are both in agreement, resume the debate again.</p>
<p>Because we are so programmed to discount any arguments that oppose our point of view, steelmanning can be difficult for the budding arguer, but can be improved with practice. Here's the specific checklist:</p>
<ol>
<li>Listen to the argument and take extra time to think critically about what the person might be saying. Consider not just their words, but their background, beliefs, and understanding of the issue.</li>
<li>Make a mental list of all possible interpretations of the argument, sorting by most rational to most irrational. Select the most rational argument.</li>
<li>If the argument doesn't make sense, try to reconstruct it as charitably as possible, giving all favor in any ambiguous sections to your opponent.</li>
<li>If the argument has been reconstructed, but still doesn't seem as strong as it should be, brainstorm ways in which their argument could be amended to be even stronger.</li>
</ol>
<p>Here an example of how this could go in a very common situation where someone gives a short, pithy argument that could be easily misinterpreted:</p>
<p>Person A: Defund the police!<br />
Person B [Strawman] Wow, OK, so you think we should remove all funding from the police and leave our community completely defenseless against criminals?</p>
<p>Person A: Defund the police!<br />
Person B [Steelman] OK, my first reaction is that I don't quite understand what that means. I suppose the best interpretation of this argument is that we would remove funding from the police and invest it into mental health first responders, social programs, criminal justice reform, and other longer-term initiatives that would reduce criminality and keep our community safe without the need for a higher police budget. Does that vibe with you?</p>
<p>Your goal should be to get so good at steelmanning all types of arguments that you can pass the so-called <a href="https://www.econlib.org/archives/2011/06/the_ideological.html">Ideological Turing Test</a>. To pass this test, you should be able to argue so persuasively and passionately for the other side that your text alone would pass for an argument proposed by someone who opposes your position.</p>
<h2><a id="tips" name="tips">TIPS</a></h2>
<p>Apart from the specific strategies, I've collected a number of tips I've employed in the pursuit of more fruitful debate.</p>
<h3>Argue in Person <a href="#Argue in Person" id="Argue in Person" name="Argue in Person"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>The rise of social media has undoubtedly led to the rise of destructive arguments. Instead of looking another person in the eyes and feeling their expressions and emotion, we find ourselves trading blows with a profile photo and a bio, our arguments reduced to 280 characters.</p>
<p>The closer you can come to arguing in person, the better chance both partners have of empathizing with each other and seeing each other as human beings. The more toxic and hostile the argument, the more this is recommended.</p>
<p>It is important to note, however, that arguing in person comes with its own set of issues and strategies, as it makes all arguments synchronous, meaning that both parties have less time to think about and formulate arguments or look up evidence.</p>
<p>If you can't argue in person, platforms to use, from most to least effective, are: video chat > phone > postal mail > long-form social media (Facebook/forums) > short-form social media (Twitter).</p>
<h3>Argue in Private, Not in Public <a href="#Argue in Private, Not in Public" id="Argue in Private, Not in Public" name="Argue in Private, Not in Public"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Arguments in a public setting, like social media or a forum, are a performance. Not only is your own ego at stake, so is your reputation with the audience. In public arguments, you will have to fight with every ounce of your will to treat arguments as a collaboration, even if it means "conceding" your point and losing face.</p>
<p>If you think an argument will be polemic, have it in private (preferably in person, but if not, over private message). Otherwise, if you must engage in public debate, keep in mind that your conduct has the ability to influence anyone who might view it. Treating these debates as constructively as possible sets the example for how debate can be conducted, even to a silent viewer.</p>
<h3>Be Mindful of Identity Debates <a href="#Be Mindful of Identity Debates" id="Be Mindful of Identity Debates" name="Be Mindful of Identity Debates"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Debates about personal identity, like race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, can easily become inflammatory. When people feel that something so close to them is in question, they often lose sight of reason and argue instead from an emotional perspective. While it's not prudent advice to avoid identity debates entirely, anyone participating in such a debate should exercise <em>twice</em> the care that they would in a normal debate, and be willing to walk away if it should derail.</p>
<h3>Be Mindful of Trivial Debates <a href="#Be Mindful of Trivial Debates" id="Be Mindful of Trivial Debates" name="Be Mindful of Trivial Debates"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_triviality">Parkinson's law of triviality</a> holds that insignificant, low-stakes issues tend to inspire inflamed and disproportionate amounts of debate compared to their trivial nature. Recognize when you're in one and be willing to call it out and shift the debate to something more important.</p>
<h3>Don't Agree to Disagree <a href="#Don't Agree to Disagree" id="Don't Agree to Disagree" name="Don't Agree to Disagree"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>If we return to our key quote, "an argument should be a collaboration between two people to find the truth", I've found that many people, with the excuse of saving time or saving face, stop one step short of collaboration and instead arrive at cooperation. Examples of cooperation are agreeing to disagree (which, per <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumann%27s_agreement_theorem">Aumann's agreement theorem</a>, is illogical), agreeing to compromise, or slowly drifting away from the original source of the disagreement to find something minor that both sides agree on, then declaring victory.</p>
<p>While these are certainly preferable to conflict, settling for cooperation means that neither party actually has a chance to update their prior beliefs to get them closer to the truth. Think about a debate in which someone said "I guess we agree to disagree" early on. Did either side actually learn anything?</p>
<h3>Know When to Quit <a href="#Know When to Quit" id="Know When to Quit" name="Know When to Quit"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Try as you might, some people are not yet capable of engaging in constructive debate, and there's nothing you can do to sway them. If your debate partner refuses to engage in good faith debate, consider walking away. Our brains are highly subsceptible to the "<a href="https://www.behavioraleconomics.com/resources/mini-encyclopedia-of-be/sunk-cost-fallacy/">sunk cost fallacy</a>", which makes us want to continue something we've invested time and energy into. This is, of course, one of those times were it might actually make sense to "agree to disagree", help that person save face, and slink away into the night.</p>
<h3>Share Your Experience <a href="#Share Your Experience" id="Share Your Experience" name="Share Your Experience"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>Sharing your experience both humanizes you and lets your debate partner know why you might be biased in some direction. Examples: "I was raised in an orphanage and grew up in foster care, so..." or "My parents were evangelical Christians, so..."</p>
<h3>The Mental Illness Strategy <a href="#The Mental Illness Strategy" id="The Mental Illness Strategy" name="The Mental Illness Strategy"><img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /></a></h3>
<p>This may sound callous, but if you've tried every strategy in this guide and your debate partner continues to operate at the bottom of the pyramid (for example, continuing to spout inflammatory ad hominem attacks), sometimes the best way to empathize with them is to pretend they have an undiagnosed mental illness.</p>
<p>When in an altered state, the very nature of reality shifts and warps, and the affected person has no way to coming to grips with the reality most people identify with. What if your debate partner were experiencing this (or maybe they are)? Don't you think you might treat them with more compassion?</p>
<h2><a id="thanks" name="thanks">CONCLUSION</a></h2>
<p>The intention of this guide is to compile all the great writings about constructive debate available online and into a no-nonsense reference that can be shared with aspiring good faith debaters and prospective debate partners. If you enjoyed it, I hope you'll consider spreading these ideas and helping us live in a more constructive world by bookmarking it as a reference and passing it along. Feel free to use the <img alt="" src="/anchor.png" style="width: 16px; height: 16px;" /> icon to link to specific concepts in the guide.</p>
<p>If you have suggestions for improvements to the guide, let me know: <img alt="" height="22" src="liamrosen.png" title="" width="164" />.</p>
<p>Aside from the sources cited in the text, writings from <a href="https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intentional-insights/201704/how-win-arguments-through-collaborative-truth-seeking">Gleb Tsipursky</a>, <a href="https://prezi.com/_er3ebasdwr5/better-disagreement-2/">Richard Acton</a>, and <a href="http://www.paulgraham.com/disagree.html">Paul Graham</a> provided valuable resources in shaping my thoughts on better debate. Also, <a href="https://jeffammons.net/">Jeff Ammons</a> used his diagram magic to reformat Scott Alexander's argumentative pyramid into a more readable version.<br />
</p>
<p></p>
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<h6>also in the beginner's guide series: <a href="http://liamrosen.com/fitness">beginner's guide to health and fitness</a></h6>
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Beginner's Guide to Arguing Constructively
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# Beginner's Guide to Arguing Constructively
First published September 2020
*Questions? Suggestions? E-mail me:* 
## CONTENTS
[PART I: INTRO](#intro)
[PART II: MINDSET](#mindset)
[PART III: PRE-WORK](#prework)
[PART IV: BREAKING DOWN A DEBATE](#debatebreakdown)
[PART V: STRATEGIES](#strategies)
[PART VI: TIPS](#tips)
[PART VII: CONCLUSION](#thanks)
## INTRO
The vast majority of people on earth argue in a *destructive* fashion. Debates, especially in online spaces, are viewed as a battle of the wits in which egos are put on display and there can be only one "winner".
Instead, we should be arguing in a *constructive* fashion: treating arguments as an opportunity to expand knowledge, finding points of disagreement, and collaborating towards a common truth.
I have a confession to make: I used to be a destructive arguer. When I was younger, my goal in any argument was not to learn something new, but rather to assure my superiority over what I felt to be the clear stupidity of the other side. I even used to save screenshots of debates I had on various forums and social media platforms, returning periodically to reminisce about past skirmishes in which I "[owned the conservatives](https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/trigger-the-libs)".
Luckily, several years spent abroad gave me a different perspective. I realized that in the small-sided debates I used to engage in back home, my positions lacked the nuance and context of the greater world. For the first time, I began to do deep research on how to think — and argue — more clearly, drawing from concepts from philosophy, psychology, and behavioral economics.
This widened outlook led me to see arguments as a chance to build value, rather than destroy it. Instead of going through the mental anguish of battle, I now follow a collaborative approach to debate that I'd like to share in this guide in hopes that it will inspire others to argue more constructively.
Note that the content in this guide will focus on arguments about public issues, like politics and religion, as opposed to personal issues, like "you need to communicate more" or "you haven't done the dishes in weeks". Though there is overlap between the two, interpersonal arguments are much more complex and require more nuance than this guide can provide, plus there are already a ton of great resources out there that explore these topics more thoroughly.
## MINDSET
>
> ***"An argument should be a collaboration between two people to find the truth."***
>
>
>
If I had to distill this guide down to one sentence, it would be the above. Even if you forget the individual tenets and strategies this guide has to offer, as long as you are treating any given argument as a collaboration in search of truth, you can't go wrong.
Arguing more effectively requires detaching yourself from the idea of "winning" in the traditional sense. Instead, you should declare victory when you have argued in good faith and kept an open mind.
True collaboration requires that both parties open an investigation into why they may be wrong and consider changing their beliefs. Which brings us to the three core tenets of a constructive debate mindset:
### Acknowledge You May Be Wrong, and Be Willing to Change Your Mind
Was there ever a time in which you had a deeply-held belief about something, but slowly came to realize that you were wrong? Maybe you thought a past partner was "the one", or you were devoted to a religious faith. Or perhaps something as simple as believing in Santa Claus.
What's to say that couldn't happen with the other deeply-held beliefs, given enough evidence?
Go into every debate with the mindset that you may not know everything about the topic at hand, and in fact *may be wrong*.
If you successfully acknowledge that you may be wrong, it follows that you must then be willing to change your mind. Having the humility to admit that your mind has been changed is one of the most honorable positions in a good faith debate.
### Arguments Are Not Soldiers
In a war, all soldiers take an oath to fight for their own side, no matter what amount they agree with its principles. [Eliezer Yudkowsky once observed](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/9weLK2AJ9JEt2Tt8f/politics-is-the-mind-killer) that in political debates, arguments were treated like soldiers: "*Once you know which side you're on, you must support all arguments of that side, and attack all arguments that appear to favor the enemy side; otherwise it's like stabbing your soldiers in the back.*"
Because most people go into debate with a war-like mentality, they feel they must fly the flag for all points that *their* *side* supports, regardless of how much they actually agree with them.
The red state gun-owner must be pro-religion, anti-abortion, anti-drugs, anti-tax, and skeptical of gender issues.
The blue state Subaru-owner must be anti-religion, pro-abortion, pro-drugs, pro-tax(ing-the-rich), and concerned about gender issues.
Most annoying is that given the societal expectations for this divide, being for or against one issue immediately assigns you to a "side" in the views of everyone involved. Breaking out of this Arguments as Soldiers mindset involves two steps:
1. Do not be afraid to agree with the arguments of the other side when they strike you as reasonable, and critique the arguments of your own side when they strike you as unreasonable (better yet, try not to have a side).
2. On the flip side, avoid stereotyping your debate partner based on one opinion. If you are engaging with someone in debate for the first time, assume that they agree with you on every other position than the one they are defending, until proven otherwise.
### There's Always Someone Who Thinks the Jedi Are Evil
*Brace yourself, Star Wars references incoming:*
In a given debate, almost everyone thinks they are a member of the Jedi order, fighting for all that is virtuous and good in the universe. Yet for every Jedi, there's a Sith out there [who thinks that the Jedi are evil](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llLKar19XhA) and wrong and that *they* are actually the ones fighting for virtue and good. Remember that this person might even be *you*.
Of course, you are not a full agent of good, and your debate partner is not an agent of evil, or vice versa. You are simply citizens of the galaxy who happen to be operating with different sets of information. Look at the situation from a different perspective: if you were raised with Sith beliefs from childhood, don't you think you might believe the exact same things a Sith would?
In debate, your goal should not be to [strike down the side of evil with all your hatred](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rMNKwZTv1d0), but rather work together with them to uncover the true facts about the universe, and in doing so perhaps change both your perspectives.
## PRE-WORK
It would be great if choosing to pursue the path of arguing constructively was just a matter of changing your mindset overnight, but as Carl Sagan once said: ["If you wish to bake an apple pie from scratch, you must first invent the universe."](https://youtu.be/BkHCO8f2TWs?t=9)
In the same vein, if you wish to improve the constructiveness of the debates you engage in, you must first spend time re-inventing your entire mind.
This is because our mind is constantly working against us, plagued by ancient errors from the times in which we lived in caves and hunted woolly mammoths. These errors work against us in the form of cognitive biases and logical fallacies, which hinder our ability to clearly see reality and engage in sound debate.
### Recognize and Avoid Cognitive Biases
Cognitive biases are limits and mistakes in human judgement that prevent someone from acting rationally. They are present in every aspect of human life, and in tense situations like arguments, they tend to appear more often as emotions are heightened and the brain gets overloaded.
Common examples that relate to debates are *confirmation bias*, or the tendency of humans to seek out information that confirms existing beliefs, and *ingroup bias*, or the tendency to agree more strongly with people that appear to be part of our "tribe", but there are over 100 identified biases, and it's worth reading through the Wikipedia article on the [most common cognitive biases](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases) so you can recognize when they might be clouding your thinking.
### Recognize and Avoid Logical Fallacies
In part caused by cognitive biases, logical fallacies are errors in argument that give off an air of decisiveness, despite making points that don't hold up to logical scrutiny. While these are often used unintentionally, due to bias, carelessness, or ignorance, unfortunately, they can also be wielded intentionally by a shrewd debate partner.
Common examples in debate include the *false dilemma fallacy*: "you're either with us or against us", and the *slippery slope fallacy*: "if we allow the gays to marry, what's next: plants?" Just like cognitive biases, there are a large number of identified logical fallacies, and it's worth it to review the [entire list](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fallacies), so you can spot them in your own arguments and in those of others.
## BREAKING DOWN A DEBATE
To the untrained eye, a debate might look like two or more parties trading argumentative points back and forth. But interestingly, these points can almost perfectly be classified into a few categories. Understanding these categories, and why some types of arguments are better than others, is crucial for learning how we and those whom we engage with in debate might shape their points. In a brilliant post called *[Varieties of Argumentative Experience](https://slatestarcodex.com/2018/05/08/varieties-of-argumentative-experience/)*, Scott Alexander does just this, illuminating and labeling practically every part of a debate. The post itself is basically required reading, but is long-ish*,* so I will summarize here.
Think of a debate as a pyramid: [](#debatepyramid)
In general, the lower on the pyramid you are, the worse debate you're having. The goal should be to start as high as possible and continue to work your way towards the top.
Debates on twitter and other forms of social media are almost guaranteed to never rise above the lower dotted line, as these platform don't allow for more nuanced debate. Everything above the higher dotted line is our gold standard: two intelligent, charitable, and versed debaters can successfully maintain a debate at this level until some form of resolution.
The blue side represents the discussion surrounding facts and the red side represents the discussion surrounding the philosophy behind them: how the arguments must fit together before one side is right or wrong.
### Meta-Debate
The **meta-debate** is represented outside of our pyramid of debate as a Sphinx, because it "guards" the debate itself.
Most of what people do in disagreements about political or social issues is just debate about the debate, without actually engaging in the debate. This can come in many forms:
* discussion about the debate itself: "OK, this is actually getting unproductive. I'm leaving" or "This is really the wrong platform to be having this debate on"
* sensitivity concerns: "Wow, you seem angry" or the converse "Stop tone policing"
* painting with broad strokes: "It's not worth it to debate environmentalists. You'll never convince them"
Though these concerns may not necessarily be wrong, and may often be necessary to maintain good debate norms, we over-value them, and meta-debate comments can often crowd out actual productive debate.
### Social Shaming
Moving inside the pyramid from the bottom up, the majority of comments inside most debates itself can be qualified as **social shaming**. Examples are: "I can't believe it's 2020 and we're still listening to white males on this issue" or “Just another purple-haired SJW snowflake who thinks all disagreement is oppression.” Fans of logical fallacies may recognize this as an *ad hominem* fallacy, but social shaming goes above and beyond as it is an intentional ad hominem used to frame the "other side", by virtue of their status or tribal affiliation, as being completely unworthy of participating in the conversation. Social shaming should be avoided entirely. Remember, what's at stake are the issues, not the people debating them.
### Gotchas
The next tier up are **gotchas**: short, catchy arguments that make great soundbites, but are usually either irrelevant to the argument at hand or based on a logical fallacy. Example: "If you hate America so much, why don't you just leave?" This is clearly a fallacy. One could hate America but want to stay and make it a better place, or hate America but think that all other countries are worse, or simply just not want to incur the costs of moving. If you find yourself cheering on a short, pithy statement that paints the other side in broad strokes, you're probably falling victim to a gotcha.
### Single Fact
Spotting a **single fact** is a sign that your debate has passed the first dotted line and is at least minimally productive. While more commendable than shaming or trying to trick someone, single facts don't add much to a debate. Even examples that are technically true, like “The UK has gun control, and the murder rate there is only a quarter of the USA's” or “Hillary Clinton is awful, she handled her emails in a scandalously incompetent manner and tried to cover it up” fall victim to logical fallacies, like [correlation not implying causation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_does_not_imply_causation) (the US murder rate might be higher due to factors outside of gun control) and the [fallacy of composition](https://www.logicallyfallacious.com/logicalfallacies/Fallacy-of-Composition) (just because the Hillary Clinton did something bad, doesn't necessarily mean she might be a bad candidate).
### Single Study
Moving up the pyramid, a **single study** is always better than a single fact, because they at least provide a source where a competent third party looked into the issue and reached a conclusion. However, studies are not infallible. At the click of a button, one can find a study to represent almost any point of view. Study conclusions can misrepresent reality based on experimenter bias, [p-hacking](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_dredging), etc.
### Good Faith Survey of Evidence
The final level of fact-based debate is a **good faith survey of evidence**. This requires a lot of work, as it involves a deep dive into a position: reading the most relevant studies on both sides, examining each study's potential biases, and reporting back. An example of what that might look like is: “I just reviewed several studies, and it seems that this level of gun control would cause 500 fewer murders a year, but also prevent 50 law-abiding gun owners from defending themselves. Overall I think that would be worth it.” The word *good faith* here is very important: it's easy to cherry pick studies that support your position, but performing a good faith survey means looking at many relevant studies on the topic, picking only the ones with the strongest scientific rigor, and concluding from there.
We now move to the red side of the pyramid graphic, which represents the philosophical side of the debate:
### Isolated Demands for Rigor
**Isolated demands for rigor** are typically quick attempts to demand that an argument satisfies such strict requirements that it is almost impossible to comply with, especially in the context of a real-time debate. An example might be saying: “You can’t be an atheist if you can’t prove God doesn’t exist.” On its surface, this sounds like a catchy argument, but if you turn it around, it doesn't make sense: "You can't tell me *Bigfoot* isn't real without proving it doesn't exist" is something we'd never accept, for instance. Whenever someone is forcing you to comply with invented standards they wouldn't apply to their own arguments, this is usually an isolated demand for rigor.
### Disputing Definitions
Next up is **disputing definitions**, also known as an argument about semantics. Debates that reach this point can languish and falter because they immediately become about philosophical semantics, rather than the argument itself. If you start hearing arguments like: "Abortion is just state-sanctioned murder" or "Capitalism is terrorism", you're in for a bad time and you should attempt to elevate the level of debate immediately. The article [37 Ways That Words Can Be Wrong](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/FaJaCgqBKphrDzDSj/37-ways-that-words-can-be-wrong) is a great primer on why semantics is a deathtrap for debates.
### Clarifying
**Clarifying** is when people try to figure out what their opponent's position is: "Are you opposed to laws saying that convicted felons can’t get guns? What about laws saying that there has to be a waiting period?” Clarifying someone's position is generally fine, because there are often so many misconceptions about what people actually believe, but can quickly devolve into ad hominem: questions like "so you're saying that rape is good and we should have more of it?" are all-too-common and should obviously be avoided.
### Operationalizing
Almost to the top: **operationalizing** happens when both parties know exactly what their positions are, what the terms within them mean, and what the exact issue under question is. These typically resolve to one goalpost, for example: "If the US were to raise the national minimum wage to $15, the average poor person would be better off." An argument is operationalized when every part of it has either been reduced to a factual question with a real answer, or when it’s obvious exactly what kind of non-factual disagreement is going on (like a conflict in values). Typically, all that's left to resolve the disagreement is just a good faith survey of evidence.
### High Level Generators of Disagreement
The top level of the pyramid is occupied by **high level generators of disagreement**. These arise when everyone involved knows exactly what's being argued, agrees on what the facts and evidence say, but there is still a vague reason why disagreement still exists. Usually these boil down to conflicts about values, ethics, or philosophy. For example:
“Capital punishment might decrease crime, but I draw the line at intentionally killing people. I don’t want to live in a society that does that, no matter what its reasons.”
You could try arguing this further, but it gets difficult as these sorts of value judgments are often based on far-reaching cultural norms, or hundreds of past experiences with similar issues. In any case, any argument that's gotten to this point has been well-argued and both parties should be happy with the result.
## STRATEGIES
A changed mindset and a better understanding of how a debate breaks down get us most of the way towards a constructive debate, but there are still a number of specific strategies we can employ to make sure a debate stays as constructive as possible:
### Assign Probabilities to Your Arguments
No one believes anything 100%. When you put forth an argument you are less sure about, debating in good faith includes letting your opponent know exactly how strongly you feel about a certain argument.
You might say something like, "I also have a feeling that arming teachers would reduce gun violence in schools, but I'm less sure about that than [other belief you have]". If you're really feeling saucy, you can assign a numerical value to their beliefs, like: "I think there's about an 70% probability that arming teachers would reduce gun violence in schools."
### Double Cruxing
The crux is the point where you and your opponent's argument intersect. Though finding this point may sound simple, it doesn't actually happen in most debates: the two sides just talk past each other, each attacking the other's strawman. In the following example, two people reach disagreement:
Person A: Apples grow on trees.
Person B: No they don't.
In this situation, many arguers simply stop here and assume that the crux of their argument is whether apples grow on trees or not, and then continue to loudly shout contradictions at each other:
Person A: Yes they do!
Person B: No they don't.
However, we can solve this with a technique known as [double cruxing](https://www.rationality.org/resources/updates/2016/double-crux), where both parties abstract their arguments by one level and find a falsifiable fact that, if proven true, would cause them to change their beliefs.
Person A: I would change my belief if we examined all the trees in the world and found that none of them bore apples.
Person B: I would change my belief if we found a single tree from which apples grew.
Sometimes, it's that simple, but other times, we might have to double crux again:
Person A: They do grow on trees! Look at that tree over there, it has apples on it.
Person B: That's not a tree, it's just an unusually large fern.
A-ha! We see that the crux of the disagreement was not actually about whether apples grow on trees, but about each person's definition of *tree* (you may recognize this as **disputing definitions** from our pyramid above). Both need to double crux again:
Person A: I would change my belief that this proves my point if this tree were found out to actually be a fern.
Person B: I would change my belief if we found out that this fern were actually a tree.
Note that this may go down a rabbit hole (for example, say Person A tried to resolve by looking the word *tree* up in a dictionary, but Person B was unhappy about the reliability of the dictionary. The crux, now seemingly about dictionary reliability, has been abstracted by another level.) It's important to recognize when this is happening and get the debate back on track.
### Echoing
Echoing means restating someone's point back to them to make sure you understood it correctly. This is more necessary for synchronous debates where information flows quickly.
*"Just to make sure I'm clear, you're saying that you're opposed to rent control primarily because it just causes landlords to push rent increase costs onto new renters?"*
Not only does this make them feel heard, it also allows them the chance to clarify their beliefs.
### Leave a Line of Retreat
Always leave your partner a line of retreat. No one wants to lose face, and giving someone no option to easily bow out of a debate can lead to explosive consequences. This probably goes without saying, but a simple way to do this is just to keep your debates polite and treat those who disagree with you with respect, no matter how much you may believe they are wrong.
### Separate Your Arguments From Your Emotions
Arguing in good faith does not mean becoming a completely rational being, devoid of emotion. It does, however, mean introspecting on which emotions may be affecting your points and doing your best to remain objective. Taking note of your debate partner's emotions and how they may be affecting his or her arguments is similarly valuable.
### Steelmanning
If I had to pick the most important technique on this list, steelmanning would be it.
Earlier in this guide I've referenced the [strawman](https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/strawman) logical fallacy, where one party in a debate intentionally exaggerates or misrepresents another party's position, then attacks it, in order to make their argument look stronger.
As you can probably guess, a steelman is the exact opposite. Instead of taking on a weaker version of your opponent's argument, help the entire debate out by thinking of the best and most charitable version of your opponent's argument, then repeat it back to them to see if it makes sense. Once you are both in agreement, resume the debate again.
Because we are so programmed to discount any arguments that oppose our point of view, steelmanning can be difficult for the budding arguer, but can be improved with practice. Here's the specific checklist:
1. Listen to the argument and take extra time to think critically about what the person might be saying. Consider not just their words, but their background, beliefs, and understanding of the issue.
2. Make a mental list of all possible interpretations of the argument, sorting by most rational to most irrational. Select the most rational argument.
3. If the argument doesn't make sense, try to reconstruct it as charitably as possible, giving all favor in any ambiguous sections to your opponent.
4. If the argument has been reconstructed, but still doesn't seem as strong as it should be, brainstorm ways in which their argument could be amended to be even stronger.
Here an example of how this could go in a very common situation where someone gives a short, pithy argument that could be easily misinterpreted:
Person A: Defund the police!
Person B [Strawman] Wow, OK, so you think we should remove all funding from the police and leave our community completely defenseless against criminals?
Person A: Defund the police!
Person B [Steelman] OK, my first reaction is that I don't quite understand what that means. I suppose the best interpretation of this argument is that we would remove funding from the police and invest it into mental health first responders, social programs, criminal justice reform, and other longer-term initiatives that would reduce criminality and keep our community safe without the need for a higher police budget. Does that vibe with you?
Your goal should be to get so good at steelmanning all types of arguments that you can pass the so-called [Ideological Turing Test](https://www.econlib.org/archives/2011/06/the_ideological.html). To pass this test, you should be able to argue so persuasively and passionately for the other side that your text alone would pass for an argument proposed by someone who opposes your position.
## TIPS
Apart from the specific strategies, I've collected a number of tips I've employed in the pursuit of more fruitful debate.
### Argue in Person
The rise of social media has undoubtedly led to the rise of destructive arguments. Instead of looking another person in the eyes and feeling their expressions and emotion, we find ourselves trading blows with a profile photo and a bio, our arguments reduced to 280 characters.
The closer you can come to arguing in person, the better chance both partners have of empathizing with each other and seeing each other as human beings. The more toxic and hostile the argument, the more this is recommended.
It is important to note, however, that arguing in person comes with its own set of issues and strategies, as it makes all arguments synchronous, meaning that both parties have less time to think about and formulate arguments or look up evidence.
If you can't argue in person, platforms to use, from most to least effective, are: video chat > phone > postal mail > long-form social media (Facebook/forums) > short-form social media (Twitter).
### Argue in Private, Not in Public
Arguments in a public setting, like social media or a forum, are a performance. Not only is your own ego at stake, so is your reputation with the audience. In public arguments, you will have to fight with every ounce of your will to treat arguments as a collaboration, even if it means "conceding" your point and losing face.
If you think an argument will be polemic, have it in private (preferably in person, but if not, over private message). Otherwise, if you must engage in public debate, keep in mind that your conduct has the ability to influence anyone who might view it. Treating these debates as constructively as possible sets the example for how debate can be conducted, even to a silent viewer.
### Be Mindful of Identity Debates
Debates about personal identity, like race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, can easily become inflammatory. When people feel that something so close to them is in question, they often lose sight of reason and argue instead from an emotional perspective. While it's not prudent advice to avoid identity debates entirely, anyone participating in such a debate should exercise *twice* the care that they would in a normal debate, and be willing to walk away if it should derail.
### Be Mindful of Trivial Debates
[Parkinson's law of triviality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_triviality) holds that insignificant, low-stakes issues tend to inspire inflamed and disproportionate amounts of debate compared to their trivial nature. Recognize when you're in one and be willing to call it out and shift the debate to something more important.
### Don't Agree to Disagree
If we return to our key quote, "an argument should be a collaboration between two people to find the truth", I've found that many people, with the excuse of saving time or saving face, stop one step short of collaboration and instead arrive at cooperation. Examples of cooperation are agreeing to disagree (which, per [Aumann's agreement theorem](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aumann%27s_agreement_theorem), is illogical), agreeing to compromise, or slowly drifting away from the original source of the disagreement to find something minor that both sides agree on, then declaring victory.
While these are certainly preferable to conflict, settling for cooperation means that neither party actually has a chance to update their prior beliefs to get them closer to the truth. Think about a debate in which someone said "I guess we agree to disagree" early on. Did either side actually learn anything?
### Know When to Quit
Try as you might, some people are not yet capable of engaging in constructive debate, and there's nothing you can do to sway them. If your debate partner refuses to engage in good faith debate, consider walking away. Our brains are highly subsceptible to the "[sunk cost fallacy](https://www.behavioraleconomics.com/resources/mini-encyclopedia-of-be/sunk-cost-fallacy/)", which makes us want to continue something we've invested time and energy into. This is, of course, one of those times were it might actually make sense to "agree to disagree", help that person save face, and slink away into the night.
### Share Your Experience
Sharing your experience both humanizes you and lets your debate partner know why you might be biased in some direction. Examples: "I was raised in an orphanage and grew up in foster care, so..." or "My parents were evangelical Christians, so..."
### The Mental Illness Strategy
This may sound callous, but if you've tried every strategy in this guide and your debate partner continues to operate at the bottom of the pyramid (for example, continuing to spout inflammatory ad hominem attacks), sometimes the best way to empathize with them is to pretend they have an undiagnosed mental illness.
When in an altered state, the very nature of reality shifts and warps, and the affected person has no way to coming to grips with the reality most people identify with. What if your debate partner were experiencing this (or maybe they are)? Don't you think you might treat them with more compassion?
## CONCLUSION
The intention of this guide is to compile all the great writings about constructive debate available online and into a no-nonsense reference that can be shared with aspiring good faith debaters and prospective debate partners. If you enjoyed it, I hope you'll consider spreading these ideas and helping us live in a more constructive world by bookmarking it as a reference and passing it along. Feel free to use the  icon to link to specific concepts in the guide.
If you have suggestions for improvements to the guide, let me know: .
Aside from the sources cited in the text, writings from [Gleb Tsipursky](https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/intentional-insights/201704/how-win-arguments-through-collaborative-truth-seeking), [Richard Acton](https://prezi.com/_er3ebasdwr5/better-disagreement-2/), and [Paul Graham](http://www.paulgraham.com/disagree.html) provided valuable resources in shaping my thoughts on better debate. Also, [Jeff Ammons](https://jeffammons.net/) used his diagram magic to reformat Scott Alexander's argumentative pyramid into a more readable version.
###### also in the beginner's guide series: [beginner's guide to health and fitness](http://liamrosen.com/fitness)
| https://liamrosen.com/arguments.html |
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Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!cernvax!info.cern.ch
From: timbl@info.cern.ch (Tim Berners-Lee)
Newsgroups: comp.mail.multi-media,comp.text.sgml
Subject: WorldWideWeb: Wide Area Hypertext/Information Retrieval
Keywords: source hypertext information retrieval wide area browser editor
Message-ID: <6692@cernvax.cern.ch>
Date: 22 Aug 91 10:56:53 GMT
Sender: news@cernvax.cern.ch
Lines: 103
Xref: gmdzi comp.mail.multi-media:438 comp.text.sgml:334
[This information was previously posted to <alt.hypertext> and to
<comp.sys.next>, but popular request prompts this cross-posting.]
The WorldWideWeb project is a practical project to provide wide-area hypertext
and index-based information access. The sources are available with no warranty
of any kind, though copyright is held by CERN and commercial organizations
should check for terms. A general summary of the project follows.
WorldWideWeb - Executive Summary
The WWW project merges the techniques of information retrieval and
hypertext to make an easy but powerful global information system.
The project started with the philosophy that much academic information
should be freely available to anyone. It aims to allow information
sharing within internationally dispersed teams, and the dissemination of
information by support groups.
Reader view
The WWW world consists of documents, and links. Indexes are special
documents which, rather than being read, may be searched. The result
of such a search is another ("virtual") document containing links to
the documents found. A simple protocol ("HTTP") is used to allow a
browser program to request a keyword search by a remote information
server.
The web contains documents in many formats. Those documents which
are hypertext, (real or virtual) contain links to other documents,
or places within documents. All documents, whether real, virtual or
indexes, look similar to the reader and are contained within the same
addressing scheme.
To follow a link, a reader clicks with a mouse (or types in a number
if he or she has no mouse). To search and index, a reader gives keywords
(or other search criteria). These are the only operations necessary to
access the entire world of data.
Information provider view
The WWW browsers can access many existing data systems via existing
protocols (FTP, NNTP) or via HTTP and a gateway. In this way, the
critical mass of data is quickly exceeded, and the increasing use of
the system by readers and information suppliers encourage each other.
Making a web is as simple as writing a few SGML files which point to
your existing data. Making it public involves running the FTP or HTTP
daemon, and making at least one link into your web from another.
In fact, any file available by anonymous FTP can be immediately linked
into a web. The very small start-up effort is designed to allow small
contributions. At the other end of the scale, large information
providers may provide an HTTP server with full text or keyword indexing.
The WWW model gets over the frustrating incompatibilities of data format
between suppliers and reader by allowing negotiation of format between
a smart browser and a smart server. This should provide a basis for
extension into multimedia, and allow those who share application
standards to make full use of them across the web. (Format
negotiation is not included in the current programs).
This summary does not describe the many exciting possibilities opened
up by the WWW project, such as efficient document caching. the
reduction of redundant out-of-date copies, and the use of knowledge
daemons. There is more information in the online project documentation,
including some background on hypertext and many technical notes on
the HTML format, for example.
Try it
A prototype simple portable line mode browser is currently available
in source form from node info.cern.ch. [currently 128.141.201.74] as
/pub/WWWLineMode_0.11a.tar.Z.
Also available is a prototype hypertext browser/editor for the NeXT
using the NeXTStep graphical user interface,
/pub/WWWNeXTStepEditor_0.12.tar.Z
To make your own data available, an anonymous FTP server is sufficient.
Alternatively, a skeleton HTTP server program is available, which serves
files but can be massaged to convert your data into hypertext. The file is
/pub/WWWDaemon_0.1.tar.Z
Check whether later versions of these files are available, and if so take
those.
Documentation is readable using www. Plain text of the installation
instructions is included in the tar file. Basic documentation is
included, but this has links to our server for deeper details.
We are of course interested to hear from anyone who publishes data,
or who is interested in writing further browsers or servers, or who
has bug reports or suggestions.
_________________________________________________________________
Tim Berners-Lee Tel: +41(22)767 3755
WorldWideWeb project Fax: +41(22)767 7155
C.E.R.N. email: tbl@cernvax.cern.ch
1211 Geneva 23
Switzerland
| Path: gmdzi!unido!mcsun!cernvax!info.cern.ch
From: timbl@info.cern.ch (Tim Berners-Lee)
Newsgroups: comp.mail.multi-media,comp.text.sgml
Subject: WorldWideWeb: Wide Area Hypertext/Information Retrieval
Keywords: source hypertext information retrieval wide area browser editor
Message-ID: <6692@cernvax.cern.ch>
Date: 22 Aug 91 10:56:53 GMT
Sender: news@cernvax.cern.ch
Lines: 103
Xref: gmdzi comp.mail.multi-media:438 comp.text.sgml:334
[This information was previously posted to and to
, but popular request prompts this cross-posting.]
The WorldWideWeb project is a practical project to provide wide-area hypertext
and index-based information access. The sources are available with no warranty
of any kind, though copyright is held by CERN and commercial organizations
should check for terms. A general summary of the project follows.
WorldWideWeb - Executive Summary
The WWW project merges the techniques of information retrieval and
hypertext to make an easy but powerful global information system.
The project started with the philosophy that much academic information
should be freely available to anyone. It aims to allow information
sharing within internationally dispersed teams, and the dissemination of
information by support groups.
Reader view
The WWW world consists of documents, and links. Indexes are special
documents which, rather than being read, may be searched. The result
of such a search is another ("virtual") document containing links to
the documents found. A simple protocol ("HTTP") is used to allow a
browser program to request a keyword search by a remote information
server.
The web contains documents in many formats. Those documents which
are hypertext, (real or virtual) contain links to other documents,
or places within documents. All documents, whether real, virtual or
indexes, look similar to the reader and are contained within the same
addressing scheme.
To follow a link, a reader clicks with a mouse (or types in a number
if he or she has no mouse). To search and index, a reader gives keywords
(or other search criteria). These are the only operations necessary to
access the entire world of data.
Information provider view
The WWW browsers can access many existing data systems via existing
protocols (FTP, NNTP) or via HTTP and a gateway. In this way, the
critical mass of data is quickly exceeded, and the increasing use of
the system by readers and information suppliers encourage each other.
Making a web is as simple as writing a few SGML files which point to
your existing data. Making it public involves running the FTP or HTTP
daemon, and making at least one link into your web from another.
In fact, any file available by anonymous FTP can be immediately linked
into a web. The very small start-up effort is designed to allow small
contributions. At the other end of the scale, large information
providers may provide an HTTP server with full text or keyword indexing.
The WWW model gets over the frustrating incompatibilities of data format
between suppliers and reader by allowing negotiation of format between
a smart browser and a smart server. This should provide a basis for
extension into multimedia, and allow those who share application
standards to make full use of them across the web. (Format
negotiation is not included in the current programs).
This summary does not describe the many exciting possibilities opened
up by the WWW project, such as efficient document caching. the
reduction of redundant out-of-date copies, and the use of knowledge
daemons. There is more information in the online project documentation,
including some background on hypertext and many technical notes on
the HTML format, for example.
Try it
A prototype simple portable line mode browser is currently available
in source form from node info.cern.ch. [currently 128.141.201.74] as
/pub/WWWLineMode\_0.11a.tar.Z.
Also available is a prototype hypertext browser/editor for the NeXT
using the NeXTStep graphical user interface,
/pub/WWWNeXTStepEditor\_0.12.tar.Z
To make your own data available, an anonymous FTP server is sufficient.
Alternatively, a skeleton HTTP server program is available, which serves
files but can be massaged to convert your data into hypertext. The file is
/pub/WWWDaemon\_0.1.tar.Z
Check whether later versions of these files are available, and if so take
those.
Documentation is readable using www. Plain text of the installation
instructions is included in the tar file. Basic documentation is
included, but this has links to our server for deeper details.
We are of course interested to hear from anyone who publishes data,
or who is interested in writing further browsers or servers, or who
has bug reports or suggestions.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Tim Berners-Lee Tel: +41(22)767 3755
WorldWideWeb project Fax: +41(22)767 7155
C.E.R.N. email: tbl@cernvax.cern.ch
1211 Geneva 23
Switzerland
| https://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/1991/08/art-6692.txt |
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<p><b><FONT SIZE="-1" FACE="Arial,Helvetica,News Gothic,Verdana,Humanist">WELCOME<br>TO OUR DOMAIN</FONT></b></p>
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 <br>
<p><a href="http://yetanotherjournal.blogspot.com"><img src="bloglink1.gif" alt="Visit Linda's Blog, Yet Another Journal" height=19 width=105 border=0></a></p>
<p><a href="http://starfighter.blogspot.com/"><img src="bloglink2.gif" alt="Visit James' Blog, Starfighter's Model Blog" height=19 width=105 border=0></a></p>
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<a href="https://twitter.com/CollieLady38">@CollieLady38</a><br>
<font size="-1">(from my "call name" on WSBK-TV38's <i>Ask the Manager</i>)</font><br>
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| --- | --- | --- |
| [Television Logo](http://television.flyingdreams.org) | Flying Dreams
**WELCOMETO OUR DOMAIN**
[Visit Us At Home](http://home.flyingdreams.org/)
[Visit Linda's Blog, Yet Another Journal](http://yetanotherjournal.blogspot.com)
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| [Linda's Nostalgia Place](http://nostalgiaplace.flyingdreams.org/) | [On the Road](http://ontheroad.flyingdreams.org/) |
| [Seasons](http://seasons.flyingdreams.org) | Linda on Twitter:
[@CollieLady38](https://twitter.com/CollieLady38)
(from my "call name" on WSBK-TV38's *Ask the Manager*)
[Linda's Facebook](https://www.facebook.com/linda.m.young/)
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of digital engineering for space flight systems, with a view to their practical solution.</title>
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<p align="center"><a href="video/sts114/backflip/backflip.asx">
<img border="2" src="video/sts114/backflip/backflip.jpg" width="93" height="70" alt="Video: STS-114 does a backflip for inspection (July 2005)"></a><a href="home_page/images/pia06193.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/pia06193_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/pia06193.jpg" alt="This grand mosaic consists of 126 images acquired in a tile-like fashion, covering one end of Saturn's rings to the other and the entire planet in between. The images were taken over the course of two hours on Oct. 6, 2004, while Cassini was approximately 6.3 million kilometers from Saturn. Three images (red, green and blue) were taken of each of 42 locations, or "footprints," across the planet. The full color footprints were put together to produce a mosaic that is 8,888 pixels across and 4,544 pixels tall. The smallest features seen here are 38 kilometers across. Many of Saturn's splendid features noted previously in single frames taken by Cassini are visible in this one detailed, all-encompassing view: subtle color variations across the rings, the thread-like F ring, ring shadows cast against the blue northern hemisphere, the planet's shadow making its way across the rings to the left, and blue-grey storms in Saturn's southern hemisphere to the right. Tiny Mimas and even smaller Janus are both faintly visible at the lower left." width="136" height="70"></a><a href="home_page/images/AS16-106-17336.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/AS16-106-17336_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/AS16-106-17336.jpg" width="70" height="70"></a><a href="home_page/images/as16-122-19536.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/as16-122-19536_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/as16-122-19536.jpg" width="70" height="70"></a><a href="home_page/images/S65-63220.jpg"><img border="2"
src="home_page/images/S65-63220_small.jpg" alt="Gemini 7 as seen from Gemini 6A" width="70" height="70"></a><a
href="images/home_page/pgt_in_use.jpg"><img src="images/home_page/pgt_in_use_small.jpg"
alt=""OK, let's change the tires!" - Pistol Grip Tool in use." border="2"
width="68" height="70"></a><a href="images/home_page/apollo_launch.jpg"><img border="2" src="images/home_page/apollo_launch_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="images/home_page/apollo_launch.jpg" width="77" height="70"></a><a href="home_page/images/123677main_8M2C2673_hires.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/123677main_8M2C2673_hires_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/123677main_8M2C2673_hires.jpg" alt="Discovery showing it's belly on STS-114 (July. 2005)" width="105" height="70"></a><a
href="images/home_page/GPN-2000-001406_kranz.jpeg"><img border="2"
src="images/home_page/GPN-2000-001406_kranz_small.jpeg"
xthumbnail-orig-image="images/home_page/GPN-2000-001406_kranz.jpeg" width="106"
height="70"
alt="View of the Flight Directors console in the Mission Control Center (MCC), Houston, Texas, during the Gemini 5 flight. Seated at the console are Eugene F. Kranz (foreground) and Dr. Christopher C. Kraft Jr. (background). Standing in front of the console are Dr. Charles Berry (left), an unidentified man in the center and astronaut Elliot M. See. (8/21/1965)"></a><a href="home_page/images/AS16-M-3021.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/AS16-M-3021_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/AS16-M-3021.jpg" width="70" height="70"></a><a href="home_page/images/05pp1774.jpg"><img border="2" src="home_page/images/05pp1774_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="home_page/images/05pp1774.jpg" alt="Discovery hits bird on STS-114 (July. 2005)" width="46" height="70"></a></p>
<hr>
<div align="center">
<table border="0" width="100%">
<tr>
<td width="20%"> </td>
<td width="60%">
<marquee scrolldelay="0" scrollamount="5">
<a style="text-decoration: none"; href="DEI/lessons_learned/reports/cr-2008-214777.pdf"> "Best Practices for Researching and Documenting Lessons Learned" ....................</a>
<a style="text-decoration: none"; href="richcontent/verification/80k85_verification/index.htm">"Back to the Moon: The Verification of a Small Microprocessor's Logic Design" ....................</a>
<a style="text-decoration: none"; href="http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/whyweexplore/">Why We Explore</a></marquee></td>
<td width="20%"> </td>
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</table>
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<hr>
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<td width="25%" height="62" valign="top"><p align="center">
<a href="http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html">
<span style="text-decoration: none">NASA Launches</span></a><p align="center">
<a href="http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt" style="text-decoration: none">
Launch Log</a></td>
<td width="50%" align="center" height="62" valign="top" colspan="2">
<p>
<a href="home_page/mailing_list.html" style="text-decoration: none">Register for this Site</a><p align="center">
I am replacing mailing lists and my
<a href="whats_new.htm" style="text-decoration: none">What's New Page</a>
with twitter at
<a href="http://twitter.com/klabsorg" style="text-decoration: none">
http://twitter.com/klabsorg</a></p><p>
<a href="richcontent/Reliability/actel/nasa_test/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
NASA Test of SX-S, and SX-SU FPGAs</a></td>
<td width="25%" height="62" valign="top">
<a href="home_page/search.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
Search Tips for klabs.org</a><p><a href="whats_new.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">What's New</a></td>
<td width="20%" height="62"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="25%" valign="top" height="189">
<a href="http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/coltech.html">
<img border="2" src="images/home_page/collier4_small.gif" xthumbnail-orig-image="images/home_page/collier4.gif" width="120" height="150"></a><p>
<a href="http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/coltech.html">
<span style="text-decoration: none">Gallery of Collier's Cover Space
Technology</span></a></td>
<td width="143%" align="center" colspan="2" height="189"><hr color="#C0C0C0">
<p style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<b>Design and Testing Note:</b></p>
<blockquote>
<p style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="DEI/References/design_guidelines/nasa_guidelines/power/power_system.htm#regulators_margin_testing">
"On-card Regulators and Voltage Margin Testing"</a></p>
<hr>
<p align="left">"The number of people having any connection with the
project must be restricted in an almost vicious manner. Use a small
number of good people."</p>
<p align="left">Kelly Johnson in <b>Skunk Works</b> by Ben Rich and Leo Janis</p>
</blockquote>
<p style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="left">
</td>
<td width="25%" align="center" valign="top" height="189">
<p>
<a href="home_page/sts-1/index.htm">
<img border="2" src="images/home_page/columbia_sts1_big_small.jpg" xthumbnail-orig-image="images/home_page/columbia_sts1_big.jpg" alt="Explanation: On April 12, 1981, twenty years ago today, the Space Shuttle Columbia became the first shuttle to orbit the Earth. In this gorgeous time exposure, flood lights play on the Columbia and service structures (left) as it rests atop Complex 39's Pad A at Kennedy Space Center in preparation for first launch. Flown by Commander John W. Young and Pilot Robert L. Crippen, Columbia spent 2 days aloft on its check-out mission, STS-1, which ended in a smooth landing, airplane-style, at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Ferried back to Kennedy by a modified Boeing 747, Columbia was launched again seven months later on STS-2, becoming the first piloted reuseable orbiter. The oldest operating shuttle, Columbia's 1981 debut was followed by shuttles Challenger in 1982 (destroyed in 1986), Discovery in 1983, Atlantis in 1985, and Challenger's replacement Endeavour in 1991. This shuttle fleet has now accomplished over 100 orbital missions. Today also marks the 40th anniversary of the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin." width="187" height="150"></a><p>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="home_page/sts-1/index.htm">About
the First Shuttle Launch</a></td>
<td width="20%" align="center" rowspan="2" height="283">
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<td width="92%" valign="top" colspan="2" height="94">
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><b><a href="mapld/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">MAPLD International Conference</a>
- All proceedings on-line</b></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; ">
<font face="Courier New">
<a href="mapld06/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">2006 MAPLD</a><a href="mapld05/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none"><span style="text-decoration: none">
2005 MAPLD</span></a><a href="mapld04/index.html" style="text-decoration: none"> </a> <a href="mapld04/index.html" style="text-decoration: none"> </a> <a href="mapld04/index.html" style="text-decoration: none"> </a> <a href="mapld04/index.html" style="text-decoration: none">2004
MAPLD</a><br>
<a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon03/MAPLDCon03.html" style="text-decoration: none">
2003 MAPLD </a>
<a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon02/MAPLDCon02.html" style="text-decoration: none">
2002 MAPLD</a><a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon01/MAPLDCon01.html" style="text-decoration: none">
2001 MAPLD</a></font><br>
<font face="Courier New">
<a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon00/MAPLDCon00.html" style="text-decoration: none">
2000 MAPLD</a><a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon99/MAPLDCon99.html" style="text-decoration: none">
1999 MAPLD </a>
<a href="richcontent/MAPLDCon98/kSymposium.htm" style="text-decoration: none">1998 MAPLD</a></font><br>
<font face="Courier New">
<a href="mapld/mapld_2007_cancelled.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
MAPLD Update and Me</a>, April 14, 2008</font></p></td>
<td width="101%" valign="top" colspan="2" height="94">
<blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="left">
<a href="home_page/old_seminars.htm" style="text-decoration: none">OLD
Seminar Archive</a><br>
</li>
<li>
<p style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0" align="left">
<a href="home_page/rod.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Rod Barto:
1949-2007</a></li>
</ul>
</blockquote></td>
</tr>
</table>
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<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/adaptive_computing/adaptive_computing_main_page.htm">
Adaptive Computing</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/Misc_Content/AGC_And_History/AGC_History.htm">Apollo Guidance Computer and Other Computer History</a></li>
<li>
<a href="DEI/Ask/AskAdvice.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Ask for Help or Advice</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/Reliability/pld_failures_call.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Call
For Failures: Programmable Device Reliability</a></li>
<li>
<a href="DEI/Processor/Comm_Papers/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Commercial Processor Papers</a></li>
<li><a href="DEI/Arithmetic/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Computer Arithmetic</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none" href="conferences.htm">Conferences
and Calls for Papers</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/parts.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Devices Tested</a> (old
page and most devices tested aren't here :-)</li>
<li><a href="DEI/References/design_guidelines/design_analysis_test_guides.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">Design, Analysis, and Test Guides</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none"
href="DEI/References/design_guidelines/nasa_guidelines/index.htm">Design Guidelines and
Criteria for Space Flight Digital Electronics</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/eeelinks/EEE_Links.htm">EEE Links Archive - "Programmable Logic Application
Notes"</a></li>
<li>
<a href="DEI/fault_tolerance/index.htm">
<span style="text-decoration: none">Error Detection, Correction, and
Fault Tolerance</span></a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/ethics/ethics.htm">Ethics and Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="reports.htm#Failure_Reports" style="text-decoration: none">Failure Reports and Related Items</a></li>
<li><a href="fpgas.htm" style="text-decoration: none">FPGAs and ASICs</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/General_Application_Notes/general_application_notes.htm">General Application Notes</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/general_technology/GeneralTechnology.htm">General Technology</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/Misc_Content/Heavy_Ion_Trips/index.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">Heavy Ion Test Trips</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none" href="DEI/lessons_learned/index.htm">Lessons Learned - Digital Engineering</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/links.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Links to other useful URLs</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/LVDO_Regulators/LVDO_Regulators.htm">
LVDO Regulators and DC-DC Converters</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td width="50%" valign="top"><ul>
<li>
<a href="richcontent/maplug/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">MAPLUG</a>:
Military & Aerospace Programmable Logic User's Group</li>
<li><a href="memories.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Memories</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/parts_new.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Miscellaneous and
Other</a></li>
<li><a href="http://radhome.gsfc.nasa.gov/top.htm" style="text-decoration: none">NASA-GSFC
Radiation Effects and Analysis Home Page</a><sup><font color="#FF0000">XL</font></sup></li>
<li>
<a href="richcontent/Misc_Content/Engineers_For_Rent.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
NASA Office of Logic Design</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/InterestingLinks.htm">New and Interesting Links</a></li>
<li><font color="#FF00FF"><a href="igorcontent/Live_Radiation_Data.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">Now playing at a radiation facility near you.</a></font></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/old_news/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">OLD News</a><blink><font
color="#FF0000"> - NEW!! - </font></blink>
<a href="richcontent/old_news/old_news_18/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
OLD News #18 Released! </a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/pals/pals.htm" style="text-decoration: none">PALs</a></li>
<li><a href="papers.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Papers</a></li>
<li><a href="images/images.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Pictures and Photos</a></li>
<li><a href="presentations.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Presentations</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/programmable_substrates/programmable_substrates.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">Programmable Substrates</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/Misc_Content/Quotes.htm">Quotes</a></li>
<li>
<a href="DEI/References/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">References</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/Reliability/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Reliability</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none" href="reports.htm">Reports</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/software_content/software_and_ip_page.htm"
style="text-decoration: none">Software and IP</a></li>
<li><a style="text-decoration: none" href="DEI/Processor/index.htm">Spaceborne
Processors and Avionics</a></li>
<li>
<a style="text-decoration: none" href="richcontent/Speeches/speeches.htm">Speeches</a></li>
<li><a href="richcontent/Tutorial/tutorial.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Tutorials for
Military and Aerospace Systems</a></li>
<li>
<a href="richcontent/verification/index.htm" style="text-decoration: none">
Verification</a></li>
<li><a href="whats_new.htm" style="text-decoration: none">What's New</a></li>
</ul>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center></div>
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<p align="center" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><a
href="home_page/hold_homepage_images.htm" style="text-decoration: none">Home Page Archives</a></p>
<p align="center" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"> </p>
<p align="center" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Web Grunt: <a
href="mailto:Richard.B.Katz@nasa.gov" style="text-decoration: none">Richard Katz</a> </p>
<p align="center" style="line-height: 200%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">Last Revised
<!--webbot
bot="Timestamp" S-Type="EDITED" S-Format="%B %d, %Y" startspan -->February 03, 2010<!--webbot bot="Timestamp" i-checksum="41524" endspan --></td>
<td width="44%" valign="top" height="96"><p align="center">
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style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<b>
<font face="Times New Roman" size="3">NASA
Office of Logic Design</font></b></p>
<p align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0">
<font
size="3" face="Times New Roman">A scientific study of the problems of digital<br>
engineering for space flight systems, with a view to<br>
their practical solution.</font></td>
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<p align="center" style="line-height: 150%; margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0"><a
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<font size="3" face="Times New Roman">About This
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http://klabs.org : NASA Office of Logic Design - A scientific study of the problems
of digital engineering for space flight systems, with a view to their practical solution.
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[](video/sts114/backflip/backflip.asx)[](home_page/images/pia06193.jpg)[](home_page/images/AS16-106-17336.jpg)[](home_page/images/as16-122-19536.jpg)[](home_page/images/S65-63220.jpg)[](images/home_page/pgt_in_use.jpg)[](images/home_page/apollo_launch.jpg)[](home_page/images/123677main_8M2C2673_hires.jpg)[](images/home_page/GPN-2000-001406_kranz.jpeg)[](home_page/images/AS16-M-3021.jpg)[](home_page/images/05pp1774.jpg)
---
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| |
["Best Practices for Researching and Documenting Lessons Learned" ....................](DEI/lessons_learned/reports/cr-2008-214777.pdf)
["Back to the Moon: The Verification of a Small Microprocessor's Logic Design" ....................](richcontent/verification/80k85_verification/index.htm)
[Why We Explore](http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/whyweexplore/) | |
---
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
[NASA Launches](http://www.nasa.gov/missions/highlights/schedule.html)
[Launch Log](http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt) |
[Register for this Site](home_page/mailing_list.html)
I am replacing mailing lists and my
[What's New Page](whats_new.htm)
with twitter at
<http://twitter.com/klabsorg>
[NASA Test of SX-S, and SX-SU FPGAs](richcontent/Reliability/actel/nasa_test/index.htm) | [Search Tips for klabs.org](home_page/search.htm)[What's New](whats_new.htm) | |
|
[Gallery of Collier's Cover Space
Technology](http://www1.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/coltech.html) |
---
**Design and Testing Note:**
["On-card Regulators and Voltage Margin Testing"](DEI/References/design_guidelines/nasa_guidelines/power/power_system.htm#regulators_margin_testing)
---
"The number of people having any connection with the
project must be restricted in an almost vicious manner. Use a small
number of good people."
Kelly Johnson in **Skunk Works** by Ben Rich and Leo Janis
|
[Explanation: On April 12, 1981, twenty years ago today, the Space Shuttle Columbia became the first shuttle to orbit the Earth. In this gorgeous time exposure, flood lights play on the Columbia and service structures (left) as it rests atop Complex 39's Pad A at Kennedy Space Center in preparation for first launch. Flown by Commander John W. Young and Pilot Robert L. Crippen, Columbia spent 2 days aloft on its check-out mission, STS-1, which ended in a smooth landing, airplane-style, at Edwards Air Force Base in California. Ferried back to Kennedy by a modified Boeing 747, Columbia was launched again seven months later on STS-2, becoming the first piloted reuseable orbiter. The oldest operating shuttle, Columbia's 1981 debut was followed by shuttles Challenger in 1982 (destroyed in 1986), Discovery in 1983, Atlantis in 1985, and Challenger's replacement Endeavour in 1991. This shuttle fleet has now accomplished over 100 orbital missions. Today also marks the 40th anniversary of the first human in space, Yuri Gagarin.](home_page/sts-1/index.htm)
[About
the First Shuttle Launch](home_page/sts-1/index.htm) | |
| **[MAPLD International Conference](mapld/index.htm)
- All proceedings on-line**
[2006 MAPLD](mapld06/index.htm)[2005 MAPLD](mapld05/index.htm) [2004
MAPLD](mapld04/index.html)
[2003 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon03/MAPLDCon03.html)
[2002 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon02/MAPLDCon02.html)[2001 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon01/MAPLDCon01.html)
[2000 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon00/MAPLDCon00.html)[1999 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon99/MAPLDCon99.html)
[1998 MAPLD](richcontent/MAPLDCon98/kSymposium.htm)
[MAPLD Update and Me](mapld/mapld_2007_cancelled.htm), April 14, 2008 |
* [OLD
Seminar Archive](home_page/old_seminars.htm)
* [Rod Barto:
1949-2007](home_page/rod.htm)
|
| | |
| --- | --- |
| * [Adaptive Computing](richcontent/adaptive_computing/adaptive_computing_main_page.htm)
* [Apollo Guidance Computer and Other Computer History](richcontent/Misc_Content/AGC_And_History/AGC_History.htm)
* [Ask for Help or Advice](DEI/Ask/AskAdvice.htm)
* [Call
For Failures: Programmable Device Reliability](richcontent/Reliability/pld_failures_call.htm)
* [Commercial Processor Papers](DEI/Processor/Comm_Papers/index.htm)
* [Computer Arithmetic](DEI/Arithmetic/index.htm)
* [Conferences
and Calls for Papers](conferences.htm)
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page and most devices tested aren't here :-)
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* [Design Guidelines and
Criteria for Space Flight Digital Electronics](DEI/References/design_guidelines/nasa_guidelines/index.htm)
* [EEE Links Archive - "Programmable Logic Application
Notes"](richcontent/eeelinks/EEE_Links.htm)
* [Error Detection, Correction, and
Fault Tolerance](DEI/fault_tolerance/index.htm)
* [Ethics and Engineering](richcontent/ethics/ethics.htm)
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* [General Technology](richcontent/general_technology/GeneralTechnology.htm)
* [Heavy Ion Test Trips](richcontent/Misc_Content/Heavy_Ion_Trips/index.htm)
* [Lessons Learned - Digital Engineering](DEI/lessons_learned/index.htm)
* [Links to other useful URLs](richcontent/links.htm)
* [LVDO Regulators and DC-DC Converters](richcontent/LVDO_Regulators/LVDO_Regulators.htm)
| * [MAPLUG](richcontent/maplug/index.htm):
Military & Aerospace Programmable Logic User's Group
* [Memories](memories.htm)
* [Miscellaneous and
Other](richcontent/parts_new.htm)
* [NASA-GSFC
Radiation Effects and Analysis Home Page](http://radhome.gsfc.nasa.gov/top.htm)XL
* [NASA Office of Logic Design](richcontent/Misc_Content/Engineers_For_Rent.htm)
* [New and Interesting Links](richcontent/InterestingLinks.htm)
* [Now playing at a radiation facility near you.](igorcontent/Live_Radiation_Data.htm)
* [OLD News](richcontent/old_news/index.htm) - NEW!! -
[OLD News #18 Released!](richcontent/old_news/old_news_18/index.htm)
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* [Spaceborne
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* [Tutorials for
Military and Aerospace Systems](richcontent/Tutorial/tutorial.htm)
* [Verification](richcontent/verification/index.htm)
* [What's New](whats_new.htm)
|
---
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Home Page Archives](home_page/hold_homepage_images.htm)
Web Grunt: [Richard Katz](mailto:Richard.B.Katz@nasa.gov)
Last Revised
February 03, 2010 |
**NASA
Office of Logic Design**
A scientific study of the problems of digital
engineering for space flight systems, with a view to
their practical solution. | [About This
www Site](home_page/Disclaimer.htm)
[klabs webmail](https://sitemail.klabs.org) |
---
| http://klabs.org/index_klabs_dot_org.htm |
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Web Odor: A Virtual Future History of the Latest in Internet Technology</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET cols="25%,*" border=0>
<NOFRAMES><BODY>
<P>Obviously you've been framed. Or should I say, you haven't been. That's OK, just go
to <A HREF=nwo.html>this page</A> to get a whiff of what's going on.</P>
</BODY>
</NOFRAMES>
<FRAME SRC="romargin.html" name="toc" scrolling="no">
<FRAME SRC="nwo.html" name="content">
</FRAMESET>
</HTML>
|
Web Odor: A Virtual Future History of the Latest in Internet Technology
Obviously you've been framed. Or should I say, you haven't been. That's OK, just go
to [this page](nwo.html) to get a whiff of what's going on.
| http://rru.com/webodor/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML//EN">
<html><HEAD>
<META name="verify-v1" content="5c+AxRC2s/KZNVdB4YUISsIB9wlKd2pyExz6qTUE0h8=" />
<TITLE>The Ant Farm (Security Check) -- A Personal Web Site Related to Ants</TITLE>
<LINK REL="SHORTCUT ICON" HREF="http://beta.zimage.com/~ant/favicon.ico">
<META Name="keywords" Content="ant, ants, Antz, ANTZ, Ant Farm, ant farm, ant farms, myrmecology, myrmecologist, entomology, entomologist, entomologists,
AntDude, antfarm, antfarms, personal, Proverbs 6:6, Uncle Milton, egg, eggs, larva, larvae, pupa, pupae, social insect, social insects, queen, queens, worker, workers,
soldier, soldiers, colony, colonies, hill, leafcutter, leaf-cutter, leaf cutter, slave, tunnel, tunnels, nest, nests">
<META name="description" Content="A personal Web site with ants in mind. Like an Ant Farm, many tunnels lead to various
chambers filled with ants, goodies, and outdoor sweets (favorite links)."> <meta name="generator" content="Ants' brain cells,
eyes, mandibles, antennaes, and caffeine.">
<body bgcolor=#FFFFFF background="ant2.gif">
</head>
<p align=center><b>Introduction:</b> This is a personal Web site with ants in mind. Like an Ant Farm, many tunnels lead to
various chambers filled with ants, goodies, and outdoor sweets (favorite links).</p>
<p><hr></p>
<b>This Web site looks best and is enjoyable:</b>
<ul>
<li>with enabled automatic graphic load. This Web site is boring without its pretty pictures.
<li>audio speakers powered on and connected to your computer for your ears or antennaes. You might be blown away by these
ants.
<li>your Web browser's window is wider than the tape ruler on the bottom of this page. It will avoid the need to scroll horizontally on this Web site.
</ul>
<center>
<p><img src="taperuler.gif" title="Expand your browser greater than the whole tape ruler!" alt="Expand your browser greater than the whole tape ruler!" width=585 height=32 border=0></p>
<p>Please proceed by clicking on this <a href="index2.html" target="_top" onMouseOver="window.status='Click on this ant to continue.'; return true"><img src="ant.gif"
width=20 height=21 border=0 title="Please click me!" alt="Please click
me!">ant</a>. Thank you in advance. :)</p>
<p><hr></p>
<small>Please ignore this bottom section since it just has annoying required advertisements for free Web site
statistics.<br>
<table border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr>
</td><td>
<!--Old eXTReme Tracking-->
<a target="_top" href="http://extremetracking.com/open?login=antdude">
<img src="http://y1.extreme-dm.com/i/" height=38
border=0 width=41 alt=""></a><script language="javascript1.2"><!--
EXs=screen;EXw=EXs.width;navigator.appName!="Netscape"?
EXb=EXs.colorDepth:EXb=EXs.pixelDepth;//-->
</script><script language="javascript"><!--
EXd=document;EXw?"":EXw="na";EXb?"":EXb="na";
EXd.write("<img src=\"http://y1.extreme-dm.com",
"/z/?tag=antdude&j=y&srw="+EXw+"&srb="+EXb+"&",
"l="+escape(EXd.referrer)+"\" height=1 width=1>");//-->
</script><noscript><img height=1 width=1 alt=""
src="http://y0.extreme-dm.com/z/?tag=antdude&j=n"></noscript>
</td><td>
<!--eXTReMe v3-->
<a target="_top" href="http://extremetracking.com/open?login=antdude">
<img src="http://y1.extreme-dm.com/i/" height=38
border=0 width=41 alt=""></a><script language="javascript1.2"><!--
EXs=screen;EXw=EXs.width;navigator.appName!="Netscape"?
EXb=EXs.colorDepth:EXb=EXs.pixelDepth;//-->
</script><script language="javascript"><!--
EXd=document;EXw?"":EXw="na";EXb?"":EXb="na";
EXd.write("<img src=\"http://y1.extreme-dm.com",
"/z/?tag=antdude&j=y&srw="+EXw+"&srb="+EXb+"&",
"l="+escape(EXd.referrer)+"\" height=1 width=1>");//-->
</script><noscript><img height=1 width=1 alt=""
src="http://y0.extreme-dm.com/z/?tag=antdude&j=n"></noscript>
</td></tr></table>
"OK people, move along. There's nothing to see down here." --a security ant.</small>
</center></body></html>
|
The Ant Farm (Security Check) -- A Personal Web Site Related to Ants
**Introduction:** This is a personal Web site with ants in mind. Like an Ant Farm, many tunnels lead to
various chambers filled with ants, goodies, and outdoor sweets (favorite links).
---
**This Web site looks best and is enjoyable:**
* with enabled automatic graphic load. This Web site is boring without its pretty pictures.
* audio speakers powered on and connected to your computer for your ears or antennaes. You might be blown away by these
ants.
* your Web browser's window is wider than the tape ruler on the bottom of this page. It will avoid the need to scroll horizontally on this Web site.
Please proceed by clicking on this [ant](index2.html). Thank you in advance. :)
---
Please ignore this bottom section since it just has annoying required advertisements for free Web site
statistics.
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
<!--
EXs=screen;EXw=EXs.width;navigator.appName!="Netscape"?
EXb=EXs.colorDepth:EXb=EXs.pixelDepth;//-->
<!--
EXd=document;EXw?"":EXw="na";EXb?"":EXb="na";
EXd.write("<img src=\"http://y1.extreme-dm.com",
"/z/?tag=antdude&j=y&srw="+EXw+"&srb="+EXb+"&",
"l="+escape(EXd.referrer)+"\" height=1 width=1>");//-->
|
<!--
EXs=screen;EXw=EXs.width;navigator.appName!="Netscape"?
EXb=EXs.colorDepth:EXb=EXs.pixelDepth;//-->
<!--
EXd=document;EXw?"":EXw="na";EXb?"":EXb="na";
EXd.write("<img src=\"http://y1.extreme-dm.com",
"/z/?tag=antdude&j=y&srw="+EXw+"&srb="+EXb+"&",
"l="+escape(EXd.referrer)+"\" height=1 width=1>");//-->
|
"OK people, move along. There's nothing to see down here." --a security ant.
| http://zimage.com/~ant/ |
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type"
content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="description"
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<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage Express 2.0">
<title>Chris's Downloadzz</title>
</head>
<body
background="/downloadzz/images/backround.gif"
text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center"><a
href="/downloadzz/main.htm"><font
face="Arial"><img
src="/downloadzz/images/logo.jpg"
alt="ENTER" align="middle" border="0" width="426" height="211"></font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></p>
<p align="center"><a
href="/downloadzz/main.htm"><font
color="#FF8000" size="7" face="Arial"><strong>ENTER</strong></font></a><font
face="Arial"> </font></p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2">This page is
best viewed at a resolution of 800 x 600.</font></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="1">Copyright 1999
Chris's Downloadzz.</font></p>
</body>
</html>
|
Chris's Downloadzz
[](/downloadzz/main.htm)
[**ENTER**](/downloadzz/main.htm)
This page is
best viewed at a resolution of 800 x 600.
Copyright 1999
Chris's Downloadzz.
| http://boredmob.com/downloadzz/ |
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<TR><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="LEFT" CLASS="h">Pet of the Day.com</TD><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="CENTER" CLASS="h">We know every pet is special!</TD><TD VALIGN="TOP" ALIGN="RIGHT" CLASS="h">Tuesday, August 15, 2023</TD></TR>
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<TR><TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="http://PetoftheDay.com/archive/2023/June/30.html">Yesterday's<BR><B>Pet of the Day</B></A></TD></TR>
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<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT FACE="Times, Times New Roman"><B>Name:</B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial">Tinker Bell<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT FACE="Times, Times New Roman"><B>Age:</B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial">One year old<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR VALIGN="TOP">
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT"><FONT FACE="Times, Times New Roman"><B>Gender:</B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial">Female<BR></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT FACE="Times, Times New Roman"><B>Kind: </B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT"><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial">Syrian Hamster<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
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<TD ALIGN="RIGHT" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT FACE="Times, Times New Roman"><B>Home: </B></FONT></TD>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="3" VALIGN="TOP"><FONT FACE="Helvetica, Arial">Arizona, USA<BR></FONT></TD></TR>
<TR>
<TD ALIGN="LEFT" COLSPAN="4"> <BR> <FONT SIZE="+2"FACE="Helvetica, Arial"</FONT>T<FONT SIZE="3" FACE="Helvetica, Arial">inker Bell is a funny and curious Syrian hamster. She loves to chew on her wooden bridge, sleep and run in her wheel.
Her favorite food is mealworms.
<BR> I love to play calming music for Tink and she seems to enjoy it. She also likes Bluey, so I put on Bluey when she's near. She also enjoys rolling around in her ball and she is super fast. Tink enjoys her comfy home. I have had for a few weeks now and she is getting very comfortable in her new little hamster apartment!
<BR><BR>
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<H4><FONT FACE="Verdana, Times, Georgia">Tinker Bell in <A HREF="http://petoftheday.com/talk/showthread.php?t=196686">Pet Talk</A>!</FONT></H4>
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Tinker Bell the Syrian Hamster, the Pet of the Day
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|| **Name:** | Tinker Bell | **Age:** | One year old |
| **Gender:** | Female | **Kind:** | Syrian Hamster |
| **Home:** | Arizona, USA |
| Tinker Bell is a funny and curious Syrian hamster. She loves to chew on her wooden bridge, sleep and run in her wheel.
Her favorite food is mealworms.
I love to play calming music for Tink and she seems to enjoy it. She also likes Bluey, so I put on Bluey when she's near. She also enjoys rolling around in her ball and she is super fast. Tink enjoys her comfy home. I have had for a few weeks now and she is getting very comfortable in her new little hamster apartment!
Tinker Bell the Syrian Hamster, the Pet of the Day
Tinker Bell the Syrian Hamster, the Pet of the Day
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Tinker Bell in [Pet Talk](http://petoftheday.com/talk/showthread.php?t=196686)! |
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<a href="https://github.com/ssshake/pi-uhf-tv-station">
<code>UHF Television Station</code></a>
</td>
<td bgcolor="white">
raspberry pi
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</font>
</center>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://netscape.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/netnow3.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com//ie/ie.htm"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/iexplorer.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://rsac.org"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/rsac.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://linkexchange.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/linkexchange.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/gc_icon.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/netmeeting.gif"></img></a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.kei.com/homepages/ckd/dns-loc/"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/rfc1876-now.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://winzip.com/"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/winzip.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://tucows.iwebstudio.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/2cows.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://mirabilis.com/icqme.html"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/icqdownload.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windows95.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/win95.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://w3c.org"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/w3c.gif"></img></a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://frontpageworld.com/"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/frontpg.gif"></img></a>
<a href="http://oldavista.com">
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/oldavista.gif" alt="">
</a>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=10 border=1>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/announcement2.gif"></img>
</center>
<br><br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
The Webring is Live! @ http://webring.theoldnet.com
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
We have an IRC channel and it's linked to our Discord chat! http://theoldnet.com/irc.html
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Created The Ultimate Collection of Retro Computing Internet Services! theoldnet.com/resources
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Added a lite version of the home page for low-memory systems. theoldnet.com/lite
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Integration with 68k.news and frogfind.com!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Patreon sponsors are now listed on the homepage!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
CSS works again, sorry that was broken!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
The Old Net is now an Android and iOS App!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
We now offer a HTTP Browser Proxy in the Apps section!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
All password inputs have been stripped out of archived pages in hopes it will prevent false-positive phishing detection
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Wikipedia Support!
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Midi files work
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Server Side Image Maps "work"
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
SSL is automatically turned on for modern computers and left off for old computers.
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
Bugs have been reported with IE 1.5
<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<!-- <br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://headlines.yahoo.com/zdnews/macweek/"><img border=0 border="0" src="/images/yahoonews.gif"></img></a>
<br>-->
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://zdnet.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/zdnet.gif"></img></a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://webcrawler.com"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/webcrawler.gif"></img></a>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=5 cellpadding=10 border=1>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/news.gif"></img><br><br>
Headlines from the Future brought to you by <a href="http://68k.news">68k.news</a>
</center>
<br><br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href=http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiUGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjMvMTIvMjUvdXMvd2VhdGhlci1zbm93LXRyYXZlbC1ibGl6emFyZC1hZHZpc29yeS5odG1s0gEA?oc=5>
Blizzard Conditions Disrupt Travel Across Northern and Central Plains - The New York Times
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<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href=http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiXGh0dHBzOi8vYXBuZXdzLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlL2lzcmFlbC1oYW1hcy13YXItbmV3cy0xMi0yNi0yMDIzLTY5OGM4OTU3OTdjY2IwNTdkMTNmZTRmNjg2OTBjOThi0gEA?oc=5>
Israeli forces expand ground offensive into urban refugee camps - The Associated Press
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Court reverses former Nebraska US Rep. Jeff Fortenberry's conviction of lying to federal authorities - ABC News
</a>
<br>
<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href=http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBvbGl0aWNvLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMjMvMTIvMjYvdHJ1bXAtY3J5cHRpYy1kaWN0YXRvcnNoaXAtdHJ1dGgtc29jaWFsLTAwMTMzMjE50gEA?oc=5>
Trump shares cryptic 'dictatorship' word cloud on Truth Social - POLITICO
</a>
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<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href=http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMifWh0dHBzOi8vc3BvcnRzLnlhaG9vLmNvbS9sYW1hci1qYWNrc29uLW5vdy1sb29rcy1saWtlLW5mbC1tdnAtbWFpbmx5LWJlY2F1c2UtaGVzLW5vdC1kb2luZy1hbnl0aGluZy10by1sb3NlLWl0LTAwNDg0MDM2MS5odG1s0gEA?oc=5>
Lamar Jackson now looks like NFL MVP, mainly because he's not doing anything to lose it - Yahoo Sports
</a>
<br>
<br>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="fuchsia"><b>Gaming</b></font>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.stomped.com">Stomped</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bluesnews.com">Blues News</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.pcgamer.com">PC Gamer</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.macledge.com ">Mac Gamers Ledge</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://gamedemo.com">Game Demos</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ign.com">IGN</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://n64.com/n64_ext_stan.html">N64.com</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nth.simplenet.com/zelda/index/index.htm">Zelda HQ</a>
</p>
<table bgcolor="black" cellpadding=15>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://idsoftware.com"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/idlogo_old.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.dsclab.ntua.gr/~phib/doom1.htm"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/doom.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://blizzard.com"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/blizzard.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://sierra.com"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/sierra2.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://lucasarts.com/"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/lucas2.jpg"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nintendo.com/home/index.html"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/nintendo.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://sega.com"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/sega.gif"></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://epicgames.com"><img border=0
border="0" src="/images/epic.jpeg"></img></a>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="green"><b>Staff Favs</b></font>
<br>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=nytimes.com">New York Times</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=microsoft.com">Microsoft</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=apple.com">Apple</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=ibm.com">IBM</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=cybertown.com">Cybertown</a>
</p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.startrekker.net/index.shtml"><img
src="/images/stuniverse.gif" border=0></img></a>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://lcarscom.net/database.htm"><img
src="/images/lcars4.gif" border=0></img></a>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="purple"><b>Search Engines</b></font>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahoo.com">Yahoo</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://altavista.com">Alta Vista</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://webcrawler.com">Web Crawler</a> -
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.com">Google</a>
</p>
<br>
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/anibar.gif"></img>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="teal"><b>Most Visited Sites</b></font>
<table>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com">windowsupdate.microsoft.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ams.neoplanet.com">ams.neoplanet.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://detectportal.firefox.com">detectportal.firefox.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com">geocities.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nintendo.com">nintendo.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://web.archive.org">web.archive.org</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.com">google.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com">microsoft.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://w3c.org">w3c.org</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ocsp.digicert.com">ocsp.digicert.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://youtube.com">youtube.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://download.windowsupdate.com">download.windowsupdate.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://apple.com">apple.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windows95.com">windows95.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ocsp.pki.goog">ocsp.pki.goog</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahoo.com">yahoo.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://download.gfe.nvidia.com">download.gfe.nvidia.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com">angelfire.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://crl3.digicert.com">crl3.digicert.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://chanmsg.real.com">chanmsg.real.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://sega.com">sega.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bonzi.com">bonzi.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://netscape.com">netscape.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com">members.aol.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com">dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://n64.com">n64.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://crl4.digicert.com">crl4.digicert.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://officecdn.microsoft.com">officecdn.microsoft.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.stanford.edu">google.stanford.edu</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://amazon.com">amazon.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://Roblox.com">Roblox.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://blizzard.com">blizzard.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ouramazinghome.com:8606">ouramazinghome.com:8606</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://rick.com">rick.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.51:80">149.154.167.51:80</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://aol.com">aol.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nuke.com">nuke.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.50:80">149.154.167.50:80</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ping.180solutions.com">ping.180solutions.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.175.100:80">149.154.175.100:80</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bbc.co.uk">bbc.co.uk</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.92:80">149.154.167.92:80</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com">tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://newgrounds.com">newgrounds.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://huizen.dds.nl">huizen.dds.nl</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://facebook.com">facebook.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://home.netscape.com">home.netscape.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://pcgamer.com">pcgamer.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://msn.com">msn.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com">members.xoom.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://go.microsoft.com">go.microsoft.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://idsoftware.com">idsoftware.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://twitter.com">twitter.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://edgeemu.net">edgeemu.net</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.175.55:80">149.154.175.55:80</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://linx.co.uk">linx.co.uk</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://gstatic.com">gstatic.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://msimg.com">msimg.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahooligans.com">yahooligans.com</a>
</td>
<td>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://alpha.google.com">alpha.google.com</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/anibar.gif"></img>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=1 width=400>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<font size="+1" color="red">
<b>
<a href="/geocities">
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/gc_icon.gif"></img>
</a>
<br>
Random Homepages of the Day
<br>
10 of 16080
</b>
</font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Broadway/Booth/8253">Observations on the Historical Development of Pupp</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Paris/3764">Home Page, Aidan Meehan's Celtic Art Coracle</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/TelevisionCity/3386">The Greatest Links in the Free and Not So Free Wor</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/1434">The POV-Ray Include Files Page</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Tokyo/Palace/3541">:::FATADS:::</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Soho/8875">Futuro Incierto on line, revista sobre Sue?os, Uto</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Tokyo/Towers/8490">Largo Shrine</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/SiliconValley/1519">System Error's Lair...</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/southbeach/port/9923">SouthBeach Tutor: Main Menu</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/collegepark/classroom/5923">Army of Darkness and Evil Dead Page</a>
<br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>Click <a href="/geocities"><img border=0 src="/images/pointer.gif"></img>HERE</a> to see the
full list</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=1 width=400>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<font size="+1" color="blue"><b>
<a href="/aol"><img border=0 border="0" src="/images/aol2.gif"></a>
<br>10 random homepages of 2192
<br>
</b></font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jaklnhyde">Jaklnhyde's Home Page</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/wcguy06">Home Of WinSafe95 Windows Recovery</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/imnzr">XTREME LOWZ OFFICIAL CLUB WEBSITE</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/crazy88933">Look into my eyes......</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/crusher123">HEAVENLY GATES</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/belladora3">members.aol.com/belladora3</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jojobell4">Welcome To The World Of The X</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/pepenapa">Pepenapa's Homepage of Commedia dell'Arte</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/foeu2nv">MARK SCOTT'S HOME PAGEMARK SCOTT'S HOME PAGE</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jsaputo728">antique collectible toys
Joe and Jana's Barbie Do</a>
<br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>Click <a href="/aol"><img border=0 src="/images/pointer.gif"></img>HERE</a> to see the full
list</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=1 width=400>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<font size="+1" color="blue"><b><a href="/xoom"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/xoom.gif"></a>
<br>10 random homepages of 968
<br>
</b></font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/lunacy4">...here to save the freaks...</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/coyotz">Bryce 3D Gallery</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/bautlex">Alexia's Homepage</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/orgyland">Orgyland</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/racervic">Vic-Files</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/mattmaryam">members.xoom.com/mattmaryam</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/figuranten">Figuranten</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/k">Welcome to NBCI</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/mbalzarotti">Welcome to the CARGO CITY for Microsoft Flight Sim</a>
<br>
<a href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/bigsofa">BigSofa (relevance has nothing to do with it) inde</a>
<br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>Click <a href="/xoom"><img border=0 src="/images/pointer.gif"></img>HERE</a> to see the full
list</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=1 width=400>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<font size="+1" color="blue"><b><a href="/angelfire"><img border=0 border="0"
src="/images/angelfire.gif"></a>
<br>10 random homepages of 2656
<br>
</b>
</font>
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<p>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/pages1/gman/index.html">angelfire.com/pages1/gman</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/yt/CheatsDragonballZ7/index.html">$html_title - Nick doesn't exist$html_title - Wron</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/anime/vegachan/index.html">PLEASE ENTER - Destiny's Children</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/co/hackinginferno/index.html">Welcome to HaCkiNg InFeRnO</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/ca/rappingdog/index.html">"Da Rap Organization"Check All Da Links</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/ab2/vampiresandstuff2/index.html">VAMPIRES SND STUFF</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/music/videobootlegs/index.html">Metal Video Bootlegs Bootleg Videos</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/pa2/OrgyKicksAss/index.html">Index of /pa2/OrgyKicksAss</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/wa/dragonsplace/index.html">Dragon's Hutt</a>
<br>
<a
href="/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/punk/alexxxphotos/index.html">Alex's Photo Gallery</a>
<br>
</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>Click <a href="/angelfire"><img border=0 src="/images/pointer.gif"></img>HERE</a> to see the
full list</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<table cellspacing=10 cellpadding=10 border=1>
<tr>
<td colspan=3>
<center><img border=0 border="0" src="/images/webring.gif"></img>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<center>
<table width="100%">
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://vistaserv.net">Vista Serv</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.cameronsworld.net/">Cameron's World</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://retro.hackaday.com">Hackaday Retro Edition</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://lynx.scramworks.net/">Telnet Web Browser</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.ericexperiment.com">The Eric Experiment</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://oldcomputer.info/">MCbx Old Computer Collection</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="https://skumsoft.ltd/">Skumsoft Ltd</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://68k.news/">68k.news Google News Proxy</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://frogfind.com/">Frog Find</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://theoldnet.com/get?url=http://www.angelfire.com/ny/mez51/">Mark Zuckerbergs Webpage</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.effectgames.com/demos/canvascycle/">8bit Palette Shifting</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.webmaster-tool.co.uk/">Webmaster Tools</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://gopherpedia.com/">Gopherpedia</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.brow.sh/">Brow.sh</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.classiccmp.org/dunfield/">Daves Old Computers</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://cybertown.nz/">Cybertown Reloaded</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://mario-paint-guide.com/">Mario Paint Guide</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs248-98-fall/Assignments/Assignment3/VRML2_Specification/">VRML 2.0 Spec</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://rn10950.github.io/RetroZillaWeb/">RetroZilla</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://wiby.me">Wiby</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://neocities.org">Neocities</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://demlinks.com">DemLinks</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://home.mcom.com/archives/">Browser Archives</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.jwz.org/blog/2008/03/happy-run-some-old-web-browsers-day/">JWZ's Blog</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://vps.techedison.net">Modern Website Proxy</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://tauceti.org/links.html">Macintosh Software Archive</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.thelegacypcproject.com">The Legacy Project</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.floodgap.com/">Gopher Archives</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://oldweb.today/">Old Web Today</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="https://www.windows93.net/">Windows 93</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="/get?url=http://sentex.net">Sentex</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="/get?url=http://barefootinc.com">Barefoot Inc</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="/get?url=http://www.year2000.com/">Year 2000</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://worldwideweb.cern.ch/browser/#http://theoldnet.com/noframes.html">Cern's 1st Browser Replica</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://vlib.org/">Virtual Library</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://gifcities.org/?q=birthday">GIF Cities</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.textfiles.com/directory.html">Text Files</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://experiments.archivelab.org/">Archive Labs</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.webdesignmuseum.org/exhibitions/web-design-in-the-90s">Web Design Museum</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://spacejam.com/">Space Jam</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://olatheskunk.pl">Ola's Homepage</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://classic.jonandnic.com/">John's Site</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.rhyal.com">Welcome to Macintosh</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://oldcomputers.net/">OldComputers.net</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.livier.ca">Livier</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://ronaldsnoeck.com">Ronald Snoeck</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://digitaldial.us/">Digital Dial</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://1x-upon.com/">1X-Upon</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.telnetbbsguide.com/bbs/list/brief/">Telnet BBS Guide</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.oocities.org/">Oo Cities</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.geocities.ws/oldternet/files.htm">Oldternet</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://dogemicrosystems.ca/wiki/Dial_up_server">DIY Dialup Server</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.retroarchive.org/">Retro Archive</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://myretrogamingroom.website">My Retro Gaming Room</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://classic.jonandnic.com/">Jon and Nic Classic</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://bylenga.ddns.net/">Eric Bylenga</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.digitalspace.com/avatars/">Avatars - Virtual Worlds</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="https://simone.computer">Simone's Computer</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://www.steptail.com/retroweb">Protoweb</a>
</td>
<td>
<img border=0 src="/images/bullet02.gif"></img>
<a href="http://minicromp.rf.gd/">MiniCromp</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
</tr>
</table>
these sites are not guaranteed to work on old browsers
</center>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3>
<center>
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<br>
<img border=0 src="/images/lebanner.gif"></img>
<br>
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<img src="http://geekring.net/banner/geek_1.gif" alt="geekring.net navigation"
usemap="#geekringmap" border=0>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td align="middle"><a
href="http://theoldnet.com/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.netutopia.com/award/">
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/ravipick.gif" alt="RaviPick Award" align="left"
border="none""></a>
</td>
<td align="middle"><a
href="http://theoldnet.com/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://astrology.net/goldstar.html">
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/goldstar.gif" width="80" height="88"></a>
</td>
<td align="middle"><a
href="http://theoldnet.com/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.geocities.com/Athens/7556/award.html">
<img border=0 border="0" src="/images/award.gif"></a>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br>
<br>
<font size="+1" color="fuchsia"><b>Most Popular Browsers (10 of 1509)</b></font> <img border=0 border="0" src="/images/new.gif"></img>
<table border=1 cellpadding=2>
<tr>
<th>Browser</th>
<th>Rank</th>
<th>Count</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/5.0</td>
<td>1</td>
<td>488955</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/5.0(Linux;Android</td>
<td>2</td>
<td>43700</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/4.0</td>
<td>3</td>
<td>32425</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/5.0(Linux;U;Android</td>
<td>4</td>
<td>22953</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Opera/9.80</td>
<td>5</td>
<td>2893</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/1.22</td>
<td>6</td>
<td>1794</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Mozilla/2.0</td>
<td>7</td>
<td>1709</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>NokiaN90-1/3.0545.5.1</td>
<td>8</td>
<td>1048</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Opera/9.30</td>
<td>9</td>
<td>977</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>contype</td>
<td>10</td>
<td>721</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=3>
<center>Click <a href="/browsers"><img border=0 src="/images/pointer.gif"></img>HERE</a> to see the
full list</center>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<br>
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The Old Net is an attempt to restore vintage web browsing on vintage computers.
<br>
It uses the <a href="https://archive.org/web/">Internet Archive: Wayback Machine</a> API and a proxy that
strips out any
<br>
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The Old Net
The Internet Archive is rate limiting and then blocking this site due to increased usage. I have reached out to them. I also need to make some changes with this service to avoid hammering their API. Please check back after I've been able to get this fixed.
Welcome
To
The
Old
Internet
Again!
http://
1994
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| |
| --- |
|
652,751 Visitors |
checkout out the [lite](/lite) version for low-memory systems
[
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| --- |
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TRY OUR APPS!
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| | [`SNES Random`](https://snesrandom.com) |
modern systems
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| | [`Bulletin Board System`](./bbs.html) |
commodore 64
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| | [`VRML 3D Gallery`](http://vrml.theoldnet.com) |
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raspberry pi
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[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://netscape.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com//ie/ie.htm)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://rsac.org)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://linkexchange.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.kei.com/homepages/ckd/dns-loc/)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://winzip.com/)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://tucows.iwebstudio.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://mirabilis.com/icqme.html)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windows95.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://w3c.org)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://frontpageworld.com/)
[](http://oldavista.com)
| |
| --- |
|
The Webring is Live! @ http://webring.theoldnet.com
We have an IRC channel and it's linked to our Discord chat! http://theoldnet.com/irc.html
Created The Ultimate Collection of Retro Computing Internet Services! theoldnet.com/resources
Added a lite version of the home page for low-memory systems. theoldnet.com/lite
Integration with 68k.news and frogfind.com!
Patreon sponsors are now listed on the homepage!
CSS works again, sorry that was broken!
The Old Net is now an Android and iOS App!
We now offer a HTTP Browser Proxy in the Apps section!
All password inputs have been stripped out of archived pages in hopes it will prevent false-positive phishing detection
Wikipedia Support!
Midi files work
Server Side Image Maps "work"
SSL is automatically turned on for modern computers and left off for old computers.
Bugs have been reported with IE 1.5
|
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://zdnet.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://webcrawler.com)
| |
| --- |
|
Headlines from the Future brought to you by [68k.news](http://68k.news)
[Blizzard Conditions Disrupt Travel Across Northern and Central Plains - The New York Times](http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiUGh0dHBzOi8vd3d3Lm55dGltZXMuY29tLzIwMjMvMTIvMjUvdXMvd2VhdGhlci1zbm93LXRyYXZlbC1ibGl6emFyZC1hZHZpc29yeS5odG1s0gEA?oc=5)
[Israeli forces expand ground offensive into urban refugee camps - The Associated Press](http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiXGh0dHBzOi8vYXBuZXdzLmNvbS9hcnRpY2xlL2lzcmFlbC1oYW1hcy13YXItbmV3cy0xMi0yNi0yMDIzLTY5OGM4OTU3OTdjY2IwNTdkMTNmZTRmNjg2OTBjOThi0gEA?oc=5)
[Court reverses former Nebraska US Rep. Jeff Fortenberry's conviction of lying to federal authorities - ABC News](http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMibGh0dHBzOi8vYWJjbmV3cy5nby5jb20vVVMvd2lyZVN0b3J5L2FwcGVsbGF0ZS1jb3VydC1yZXZlcnNlcy1mZWRlcmFsLWNvbnZpY3Rpb24tZm9ybWVyLW5lYnJhc2thLXVzLTEwNTkyNjIyNdIBcGh0dHBzOi8vYWJjbmV3cy5nby5jb20vYW1wL1VTL3dpcmVTdG9yeS9hcHBlbGxhdGUtY291cnQtcmV2ZXJzZXMtZmVkZXJhbC1jb252aWN0aW9uLWZvcm1lci1uZWJyYXNrYS11cy0xMDU5MjYyMjU?oc=5)
[Trump shares cryptic 'dictatorship' word cloud on Truth Social - POLITICO](http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMiWWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnBvbGl0aWNvLmNvbS9uZXdzLzIwMjMvMTIvMjYvdHJ1bXAtY3J5cHRpYy1kaWN0YXRvcnNoaXAtdHJ1dGgtc29jaWFsLTAwMTMzMjE50gEA?oc=5)
[Lamar Jackson now looks like NFL MVP, mainly because he's not doing anything to lose it - Yahoo Sports](http://68k.news/article.php?loc=US&a=https://news.google.com/rss/articles/CBMifWh0dHBzOi8vc3BvcnRzLnlhaG9vLmNvbS9sYW1hci1qYWNrc29uLW5vdy1sb29rcy1saWtlLW5mbC1tdnAtbWFpbmx5LWJlY2F1c2UtaGVzLW5vdC1kb2luZy1hbnl0aGluZy10by1sb3NlLWl0LTAwNDg0MDM2MS5odG1s0gEA?oc=5)
|
**Gaming**
[Stomped](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.stomped.com) -
[Blues News](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bluesnews.com) -
[PC Gamer](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.pcgamer.com) -
[Mac Gamers Ledge](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.macledge.com ) -
[Game Demos](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://gamedemo.com) -
[IGN](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ign.com) -
[N64.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://n64.com/n64_ext_stan.html) -
[Zelda HQ](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nth.simplenet.com/zelda/index/index.htm)
| |
| --- |
|
|
**Staff Favs**
[New York Times](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=nytimes.com) -
[Microsoft](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=microsoft.com) -
[Apple](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=apple.com) -
[IBM](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=ibm.com) -
[Cybertown](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=cybertown.com)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://www.startrekker.net/index.shtml)
[](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://lcarscom.net/database.htm)
**Search Engines**
[Yahoo](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahoo.com) -
[Alta Vista](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://altavista.com) -
[Web Crawler](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://webcrawler.com) -
[Google](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.com)
**Most Visited Sites**
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [windowsupdate.microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windowsupdate.microsoft.com) | [ams.neoplanet.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ams.neoplanet.com) | [detectportal.firefox.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://detectportal.firefox.com) | [geocities.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com) |
| [nintendo.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nintendo.com) | [web.archive.org](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://web.archive.org) | [google.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.com) | [microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://microsoft.com) |
| [w3c.org](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://w3c.org) | [ocsp.digicert.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ocsp.digicert.com) | [youtube.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://youtube.com) | [download.windowsupdate.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://download.windowsupdate.com) |
| [apple.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://apple.com) | [windows95.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://windows95.com) | [ocsp.pki.goog](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ocsp.pki.goog) | [yahoo.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahoo.com) |
| [download.gfe.nvidia.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://download.gfe.nvidia.com) | [angelfire.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com) | [crl3.digicert.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://crl3.digicert.com) | [chanmsg.real.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://chanmsg.real.com) |
| [sega.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://sega.com) | [bonzi.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bonzi.com) | [netscape.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://netscape.com) | [members.aol.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com) |
| [dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com) | [n64.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://n64.com) | [crl4.digicert.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://crl4.digicert.com) | [officecdn.microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://officecdn.microsoft.com) |
| [google.stanford.edu](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://google.stanford.edu) | [amazon.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://amazon.com) | [Roblox.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://Roblox.com) | [blizzard.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://blizzard.com) |
| [ouramazinghome.com:8606](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ouramazinghome.com:8606) | [rick.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://rick.com) | [149.154.167.51:80](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.51:80) | [aol.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://aol.com) |
| [nuke.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://nuke.com) | [149.154.167.50:80](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.50:80) | [ping.180solutions.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://ping.180solutions.com) | [149.154.175.100:80](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.175.100:80) |
| [bbc.co.uk](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://bbc.co.uk) | [149.154.167.92:80](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.167.92:80) | [tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://tlu.dl.delivery.mp.microsoft.com) | [newgrounds.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://newgrounds.com) |
| [huizen.dds.nl](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://huizen.dds.nl) | [facebook.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://facebook.com) | [home.netscape.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://home.netscape.com) | [pcgamer.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://pcgamer.com) |
| [msn.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://msn.com) | [members.xoom.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com) | [go.microsoft.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://go.microsoft.com) | [idsoftware.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://idsoftware.com) |
| [twitter.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://twitter.com) | [edgeemu.net](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://edgeemu.net) | [149.154.175.55:80](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://149.154.175.55:80) | [linx.co.uk](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://linx.co.uk) |
| [gstatic.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://gstatic.com) | [msimg.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://msimg.com) | [yahooligans.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://yahooligans.com) | [alpha.google.com](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://alpha.google.com) |
|
| |
| --- |
|
**Random Homepages of the Day
10 of 16080**
|
|
[Observations on the Historical Development of Pupp](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Broadway/Booth/8253)
[Home Page, Aidan Meehan's Celtic Art Coracle](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Paris/3764)
[The Greatest Links in the Free and Not So Free Wor](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/TelevisionCity/3386)
[The POV-Ray Include Files Page](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/1434)
[:::FATADS:::](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Tokyo/Palace/3541)
[Futuro Incierto on line, revista sobre Sue?os, Uto](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Soho/8875)
[Largo Shrine](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/Tokyo/Towers/8490)
[System Error's Lair...](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/SiliconValley/1519)
[SouthBeach Tutor: Main Menu](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/southbeach/port/9923)
[Army of Darkness and Evil Dead Page](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://geocities.com/collegepark/classroom/5923)
|
| Click [HERE](/geocities) to see the
full list |
| |
| --- |
|
**10 random homepages of 2192**
|
|
[Jaklnhyde's Home Page](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jaklnhyde)
[Home Of WinSafe95 Windows Recovery](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/wcguy06)
[XTREME LOWZ OFFICIAL CLUB WEBSITE](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/imnzr)
[Look into my eyes......](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/crazy88933)
[HEAVENLY GATES](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/crusher123)
[members.aol.com/belladora3](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/belladora3)
[Welcome To The World Of The X](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jojobell4)
[Pepenapa's Homepage of Commedia dell'Arte](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/pepenapa)
[MARK SCOTT'S HOME PAGEMARK SCOTT'S HOME PAGE](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/foeu2nv)
[antique collectible toys
Joe and Jana's Barbie Do](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.aol.com/jsaputo728)
|
| Click [HERE](/aol) to see the full
list |
| |
| --- |
|
**10 random homepages of 968**
|
|
[...here to save the freaks...](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/lunacy4)
[Bryce 3D Gallery](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/coyotz)
[Alexia's Homepage](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/bautlex)
[Orgyland](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/orgyland)
[Vic-Files](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/racervic)
[members.xoom.com/mattmaryam](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/mattmaryam)
[Figuranten](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/figuranten)
[Welcome to NBCI](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/k)
[Welcome to the CARGO CITY for Microsoft Flight Sim](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/mbalzarotti)
[BigSofa (relevance has nothing to do with it) inde](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://members.xoom.com/bigsofa)
|
| Click [HERE](/xoom) to see the full
list |
| |
| --- |
|
**10 random homepages of 2656**
|
|
[angelfire.com/pages1/gman](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/pages1/gman/index.html)
[$html\_title - Nick doesn't exist$html\_title - Wron](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/yt/CheatsDragonballZ7/index.html)
[PLEASE ENTER - Destiny's Children](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/anime/vegachan/index.html)
[Welcome to HaCkiNg InFeRnO](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/co/hackinginferno/index.html)
["Da Rap Organization"Check All Da Links](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/ca/rappingdog/index.html)
[VAMPIRES SND STUFF](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/ab2/vampiresandstuff2/index.html)
[Metal Video Bootlegs Bootleg Videos](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/music/videobootlegs/index.html)
[Index of /pa2/OrgyKicksAss](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/pa2/OrgyKicksAss/index.html)
[Dragon's Hutt](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/wa/dragonsplace/index.html)
[Alex's Photo Gallery](/get?year=1996&scripts=false&decode=false&url=http://angelfire.com/punk/alexxxphotos/index.html)
|
| Click [HERE](/angelfire) to see the
full list |
| |
| --- |
|
|
|
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
[Vista Serv](http://vistaserv.net) |
[Cameron's World](http://www.cameronsworld.net/) |
[Hackaday Retro Edition](http://retro.hackaday.com) |
[Telnet Web Browser](http://lynx.scramworks.net/) |
|
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<h1 class="entry-title p-name" property="headline">Amazing Christmas movies you likely have never seen</h1>
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<time class="dt-published published" datetime="2021-12-04" property="datePublished">Sat, 04 Dec 2021</time> - written by Zeeslag
| Last updated on <time class="dt-updated updated" datetime="2021-12-24" property="dateModified">Fri, 24 Dec 2021</time>
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<p>The holiday season is here and there are too many Christmas related movies to watch.
Well, we have a list of movies you can watch in the Christmas season that will guarantee you a good time.
Also, check out <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ">25 Christmas Gifts Under $25 for your loved ones</a>.</p>
<p>Most Christmas movies are too predictable and boring to watch.
You have seen so many movies that you can predict every moment, every reaction, and you know how it ends.
The movies in this list are not like that.
Our collection is unique, unlike anything you have ever seen before.
We have been gathering hidden gems that you probably have never even heard of.
Do not worry, we will show you the ones you will love.</p>
<p>So grab whatever gets you in the spirit, and check out our amazing list!</p>
<h2>The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974)</h2>
<p><img src="https://www.themoviedb.org/t/p/original/lwu8tkj2GcpDxIZSP7WzvdzzWXF.jpg" alt="The Year Without a Santa Claus Poster"></p>
<p>"The Year Without a Santa Claus" is a 1974 stop motion film produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. The story is based on Phyllis McGinley's 1956 book with the same name.
I don't have to tell you that this movie is a classic. There's a reason this film has been in continuous circulation since it was first released.
Santa Claus has a bad cold and is considering to skip his Christmas Eve run but Mrs. Claus and his elves set out to change his mind. He seems to think that the world doesn't care about him or Christmas anymore. The elves set out to find proof of the Christmas spirit.
This film is quite possibly the best stop motion film I've ever seen. It is charming, funny, and will put you in the Christmas spirit.
I love the Snow Miser. He's a great character.
This film is sure to put a smile on your face and show you that Christmas is a time of giving and love.</p>
<h2>Dial Code Santa Claus (1989)</h2>
<p><img src="https://www.themoviedb.org/t/p/original/42UfYwzfyxCFZDP3X4SoZCMY0Vf.jpg" alt="Dial Code Santa Claus Poster"></p>
<p>"Dial Code Santa Claus" also known as "Game Over" or "36.15 code Père Noël" is a 1989 French horror-thriller film written and directed by René Manzor. The movie is about a boy who stays up late for Christmas to see Santa Claus. But he will soon know that Santa Claus is a ruthless dogkiller.
I would say this is a great movie for people who love a thrilling movie for Christmas and don't mind a different language.
This movie is very similar to Home Alone. In fact it was made before Home Alone was made.
It is like Rambo meets Home Alone, except Santa is here to get you.
It is one of the best Christmas thriller movies you will ever watch.</p>
<h2>Tokyo Godfathers (2003)</h2>
<p><img src="https://www.themoviedb.org/t/p/original/78F8cn6EXum1zpukF3HTNI8W0EA.jpg" alt="Tokyo Godfathers Poster"></p>
<p>"Tokyo Godfathers" is a 2003 Japanese anime film directed by Satoshi Kon and produced by Madhouse.
It tells the story of three homeless people who find an abandoned baby in the trash on Christmas Eve. They set out to find the child's parents, with many adventures along the way.
It is filled with suspense, drama, and romance.
Anyone who enjoys anime and a good family movie should watch this.
It is a very touching movie. You never see the end coming.</p>
<h2>Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983)</h2>
<p><img src="https://www.themoviedb.org/t/p/original/aucOJvfpmoqDPYZsvdAGR8WwJMC.jpg" alt="Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence Poster"></p>
<p>"Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence" also known as "Furyo" is a 1983 Japanese-British war film directed by Nagisa Ōshima and starring David Bowie, Tom Conti, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Takeshi Kitano and Jack Thompson. This masterpiece is a classic film about a prisoner in Japan during World War II, based on the books written by Laurens van der Post.
In 1942 British soldier Jack Celliers comes to a Japanese P.O.W. camp in Java. The camp is run by Yonoi, a Japanese military who believes that the allied prisoners are wimps for surrendering instead of Japanese way committing suicide.
One of the prisoners named John Lawrence who speaks Japanese tries to bridge the two sides and make peace.
The story is almost like a play. It is a very serious play. Even if there not a lot of action. And it has the best acting ever.
I would recommend this movie to anyone who likes a good war movie with a new twist.</p>
<h2>Die Hard (1988)</h2>
<p><img src="https://www.themoviedb.org/t/p/original/qyNEqB6gl9V2GkiT88Pu36mqHnR.jpg" alt="Die Hard Poster"></p>
<p>You probably already know this one. "Die Hard" is a 1988 action film directed by John McTiernan.
It tells the story of a New York Police Department officer who finds himself trying to stop a group of terrorists that have taken over a Los Angeles high-rise office building on Christmas Eve. It is an unforgettable Christmas movie. I would recommend this movie to anyone who enjoys action films.</p>
<p>I hope you enjoyed the list :)
Let me know what your favorite underrated Christmas movies are and I will add them to the list.</p>
<div>
<p>Tags:
<a href="/blog/tags/christmas/">christmas</a>
, <a href="/blog/tags/movie/">movie</a>
</p>
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<p><a href="mailto:zeeslag@pm.me?subject=Comment:Amazing%20Christmas%20movies%20you%20likely%20have%20never%20seen-">Leave a comment</a> <i>(sends email)</i></p>
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Amazing Christmas movies you likely have never seen
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# Amazing Christmas movies you likely have never seen
*Sat, 04 Dec 2021 - written by Zeeslag
| Last updated on Fri, 24 Dec 2021*
---
The holiday season is here and there are too many Christmas related movies to watch.
Well, we have a list of movies you can watch in the Christmas season that will guarantee you a good time.
Also, check out [25 Christmas Gifts Under $25 for your loved ones](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ).
Most Christmas movies are too predictable and boring to watch.
You have seen so many movies that you can predict every moment, every reaction, and you know how it ends.
The movies in this list are not like that.
Our collection is unique, unlike anything you have ever seen before.
We have been gathering hidden gems that you probably have never even heard of.
Do not worry, we will show you the ones you will love.
So grab whatever gets you in the spirit, and check out our amazing list!
## The Year Without a Santa Claus (1974)
"The Year Without a Santa Claus" is a 1974 stop motion film produced by Rankin/Bass Productions. The story is based on Phyllis McGinley's 1956 book with the same name.
I don't have to tell you that this movie is a classic. There's a reason this film has been in continuous circulation since it was first released.
Santa Claus has a bad cold and is considering to skip his Christmas Eve run but Mrs. Claus and his elves set out to change his mind. He seems to think that the world doesn't care about him or Christmas anymore. The elves set out to find proof of the Christmas spirit.
This film is quite possibly the best stop motion film I've ever seen. It is charming, funny, and will put you in the Christmas spirit.
I love the Snow Miser. He's a great character.
This film is sure to put a smile on your face and show you that Christmas is a time of giving and love.
## Dial Code Santa Claus (1989)
"Dial Code Santa Claus" also known as "Game Over" or "36.15 code Père Noël" is a 1989 French horror-thriller film written and directed by René Manzor. The movie is about a boy who stays up late for Christmas to see Santa Claus. But he will soon know that Santa Claus is a ruthless dogkiller.
I would say this is a great movie for people who love a thrilling movie for Christmas and don't mind a different language.
This movie is very similar to Home Alone. In fact it was made before Home Alone was made.
It is like Rambo meets Home Alone, except Santa is here to get you.
It is one of the best Christmas thriller movies you will ever watch.
## Tokyo Godfathers (2003)
"Tokyo Godfathers" is a 2003 Japanese anime film directed by Satoshi Kon and produced by Madhouse.
It tells the story of three homeless people who find an abandoned baby in the trash on Christmas Eve. They set out to find the child's parents, with many adventures along the way.
It is filled with suspense, drama, and romance.
Anyone who enjoys anime and a good family movie should watch this.
It is a very touching movie. You never see the end coming.
## Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence (1983)
"Merry Christmas, Mr. Lawrence" also known as "Furyo" is a 1983 Japanese-British war film directed by Nagisa Ōshima and starring David Bowie, Tom Conti, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Takeshi Kitano and Jack Thompson. This masterpiece is a classic film about a prisoner in Japan during World War II, based on the books written by Laurens van der Post.
In 1942 British soldier Jack Celliers comes to a Japanese P.O.W. camp in Java. The camp is run by Yonoi, a Japanese military who believes that the allied prisoners are wimps for surrendering instead of Japanese way committing suicide.
One of the prisoners named John Lawrence who speaks Japanese tries to bridge the two sides and make peace.
The story is almost like a play. It is a very serious play. Even if there not a lot of action. And it has the best acting ever.
I would recommend this movie to anyone who likes a good war movie with a new twist.
## Die Hard (1988)
You probably already know this one. "Die Hard" is a 1988 action film directed by John McTiernan.
It tells the story of a New York Police Department officer who finds himself trying to stop a group of terrorists that have taken over a Los Angeles high-rise office building on Christmas Eve. It is an unforgettable Christmas movie. I would recommend this movie to anyone who enjoys action films.
I hope you enjoyed the list :)
Let me know what your favorite underrated Christmas movies are and I will add them to the list.
Tags:
[christmas](/blog/tags/christmas/)
, [movie](/blog/tags/movie/)
[Leave a comment](mailto:zeeslag@pm.me?subject=Comment:Amazing%20Christmas%20movies%20you%20likely%20have%20never%20seen-) *(sends email)*
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with, only to wither and die when they just can't quite sustain the magic. You will find no historical marker to mark their passing, no footnote in the history book, only the occasional exotic plant, or shopping center, or oddly named road. Memory soon dims and they are forgotten, lingering only as a trace of a reminiscence. Until now.</b>
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<li><a href="ancientamerica.html"><b>Ancient America</b></a></li>
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<li><a href="aquafair.html"><b>Aquafair</b></a></li>
<li><a href="aquatarium.html"><b>Aquatarium</b></a></li>
<li><a href="atomictunnel.html"><b>Atomic Tunnel</b></a></li>
<li><a href="trylon.html"><b>Bazaar Trylon Tower</b></a></li>
<li><a href="birdisland.html"><b>Bird Island Cruise</b></a></li>
<li><a href="bop.html"><b>Birds of Prey</b></a></li>
<li><a href="passionplay.html"><b>Black Hills Passion Play</b></a></li>
<LI><a href="bandb.html"><b>Boardwalk & Baseball</b></a></LI>
<li><a href="ccgardens.html"><b>Cape Coral Gardens</b></a> </li>
<LI><a href="cwld.html"><b>Circus World</b></a></LI>
<li><a href="beatty.html"><b>Clyde Beatty's Jungle Zoo</b></a></li>
<li><a href="beatty.html"><b>Clyde Beatty's Jungleland</b></a></li>
<li><a href="crossandsword.html"><b><i>Cross and Sword</i></b></a></li>
<li><a href="cypressgardens.html"><b>Cypress Gardens</b></a></li>
<li><a href="knees.html"><b>Cypress Knee Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="dupree.html"><b>Dupree Gardens</b></a></li>
<li><a href="leo.html"><b>Everglades Observatory</b></a></li>
<LI><a href="frland.html"><b>Florida Reptile Land</b></a></LI>
<li><a href="flanimalfarm.html"><b>Florida Wild Animal Farm</b></a></li>
<li><a href="fland.html"><b>Floridaland</b></a></li>
<li><a href="foxbower.html"><b>Foxbower Wildlife Exhibit</b></a></li>
<li><a href="fredbear.html"><b>Fred Bear Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="gresh.html"><b>Gresh Wood Parade</b></a></li>
<li><a href="guinness.html"><b>Guinness World Records Experience</b></a></li>
<li><a href="HRVault.html"><b>Hard Rock Vault</b></a></li>
<li><a href="hauntman.html"><b>The Haunted Mansion</b></a></li>
<li><a href="hbf.html"><b>Honey Bee Observatory</b></a></li>
<li><a href="houseofmystery.html"><b>House of Mystery</b></a></li>
<li><a href="ancientamerica.html"><b>Indian World Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="melton.html"><b>James Melton Autorama</b></a></li>
<li><a href="KingHenry.html"><b>King Henry's Feast</b></a></li>
<li><a href="klassix.html"><b>Klassix Auto Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="lostlake.html"><b>Lost Lake Caverns</b></a></li>
<li><a href="mastgard.html"><b>Masterpiece Gardens</b></a> </li>
<li><a href="mrbf.html"><b>Miami Rare Bird Farm</b></a></li>
<li><a href="miamiwax.html"><b>Miami Wax Museum</b></a></li>
</ul>
</td>
<td valign=top>
<ul>
<li><a href="mstrip.html"><b>Miracle Strip Amusement Park</b></a></li>
<li><a href="moonshine.html"><b>Moonshine Still</b></a></li>
<li><a href="mysthse.html"><b>Mystery House</b></a></li>
<li><a href="paradisepark.html"><b>Paradise Park</b></a></li>
<li><a href="picity.html"><b>Pioneer City</b></a></li>
<LI><a href="piratesw.html"><b>Pirates World</b></a></li>
<li><a href="planetocean.html"><b>Planet Ocean</b></a></li>
<li><a href="popm.html"><b>Prince of Peace Memorial</b></a></li>
<li><a href="rainbow.html"><b>Rainbow Springs</b></a></li>
<li><a href="rattlesnakeFL.html"><b>Rattlesnake Headquarters</b></a></li>
<li><a href="rossal.html"><b>Ross Allen's Reptile Institute</b></a></li>
<li><a href="spgator.html"><b>Saint Petersburg Alligator Farm</b></a></li>
<li><a href="seville.html"><b>Seville Peacock Farm</b></a></li>
<LI><a href="sixgun.html"><b>Six Gun Territory</b></a><BR></LI>
<li><a href="china.html"><b>Splendid China</b></a></li>
<li><a href="skullking.html"><b>Skull Kingdom</b></a></li>
<li><a href="SST.html"><b>The SST Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="starshall.html"><b>Stars Hall Of Fame Wax Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="storylnd.html"><b>Storyland/Storyland USA</b></a></li>
<li><a href="sunsprings.html"><b>Sunshine Springs & Gardens</b></a></li>
<li><a href="tarponalligator.html"><b>Tarpon Springs Alligator Farm</b></a></li>
<li><a href="teddybear.html"><b>Teddy Bear Museum of Naples</b></a></li>
<li><a href="texasjim.html"><b>Texas Jim's Sarasota Reptile Farm and Zoo</b></a></li>
<li><a href="tiki.html"><b>Tiki Gardens</b></a></li>
<li><a href="bdeer.html"><b>Tommy Bartlett's Deer Ranch</b></a></li>
<li><a href="topostrip.html"><b>Top O' the Strip Observation Tower</b></a></li>
<li><a href="tragedy.html"><b>Tragedy In The U.S. Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="tresland.html"><b>Treasureland</b></a></li>
<li><a href="tropicalpan.html"><b>Tropical Panorama</b></a></li>
<li><a href="londonwax.html"><b>Tussaud's London Wax Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="udhouse.html"><b>The Upside-Down House</b></a></li>
<li><a href="usa.html"><b>USA of Yesterday Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="vedder.html"><b>The Vedder Museum</b></a></li>
<li><a href="voiceinthewind.html"><b><i>Voice in the Wind</i></b></a></li>
<li><a href="WWaquarama.html"><b>Waltzing Waters Aquarama</b></a></li>
<li><a href="wep_o_w.html"><b>Weapons of the World</b></a></li>
<li><a href="webbs.html"><b>Webb's City</b></a></li>
<li><a href="xanadu.html"><b>Xanadu: Home of the Future</b></a></li>
</UL>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
<P>If you don't see it above, try <A HREF="thelist.html"><b>The Master List</b> of Forgotten Attractions</A> or <a href="whynot.html"><b>Why don't you list...</b></a> on attractions that are still open.<p>
<p><A HREF="timeline.html"><b>Florida Attractions Timeline.</b></A></p>
<p><a href="never.html"><b>Never Never Lands</b></a>: proposed parks that were never opened.</p>
<p><a href="whynot.html"><b>Why don't you list...</b></a></p>
<p><A HREF="books.htm"><b>Recommended Reading</b></a></p>
<p><a href="posters.html"><b>Florida Poster Gallery</b></a></p>
<p><A HREF="others.html"><b>Other Lost Florida Attractions Sites</b></a></p>
<P>
<p>Looking for information on currently operating theme parks? See <a href="http://www.themeparkcity.com"><b>Theme Park City</b></a>.</p>
<p>
</blockquote>
<HR><I>At the moment, due to a spammer spoofing my email, webmaster@lostparks.com has been shut down. I'll probably post a new email shortly. Before emailing me check the <a href="whynot.html">Why don't you list...</a> page first, and understand that I do not have the time to research questions and provide any information on these attractions other than what is already here. If I had the time or the information it would generally be on the site already (additional profiles are always in the works, but you'll just have to wait for them to be completed and posted). This site generates a surprisingly large volume of email and, while I appreciate your well wishes and reminiscences, I do not always have the time to reply. Note that none of the attractions profiled here still exist, so asking about hours or prices doesn't make a whole lot of sense now, does it?</I>
</b>
<p>
<p>
<hr>
<p>
Want to learn how to produce murder mystery shows? Visit <a href="http://www.improvacting.com">ImprovActing.com</a>.<p>
<I>This site Copyright (c) 1997-2015 by Robert H. Brown, all rights reserved.</I></P>
<p><p>
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Florida's Lost Tourist Attractions
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
|
Welcome to Florida's Lost Tourist Attractions
**Once upon a time, before the giant mouse ate Orlando and Interstate
Highways were built to cattle chute the tourists directly into International
Drive, there was another Florida. It was somewhen between Henry Ford's
mass production of the Model-T, which made automobile touring a commonplace,
and Walt Disney's mass production of the tourist experience, which made the road trip a mere way to get there, instead of the there itself. It
was the age of the roadside attraction.**
**Tourist attractions have a way of springing up on the Florida roadside like wildflowers -- or litter: bright, shiny and full of hope to begin
with, only to wither and die when they just can't quite sustain the magic. You will find no historical marker to mark their passing, no footnote in the history book, only the occasional exotic plant, or shopping center, or oddly named road. Memory soon dims and they are forgotten, lingering only as a trace of a reminiscence. Until now.**
**I'm creating this site as an homage to the diversity that was Florida tourism, and, as my research fills things in, I'll be delving into the
details of those forgotten places and updating this page with a record
of this largely uncharted chunk of the state's history.**
**New! --** [**Tarpon Springs Alligator Farm**](tarponalligator.html)
**New! --** [**Foxbower Wildlife Exhibit (AKA Dinosaur Wildlife)**](foxbower.html)
**Attractions now featured:**
| | |
| --- | --- |
| * [**Ancient America**](ancientamerica.html)
* [**Anirama**](anirama.html)
* [**Aquafair**](aquafair.html)
* [**Aquatarium**](aquatarium.html)
* [**Atomic Tunnel**](atomictunnel.html)
* [**Bazaar Trylon Tower**](trylon.html)
* [**Bird Island Cruise**](birdisland.html)
* [**Birds of Prey**](bop.html)
* [**Black Hills Passion Play**](passionplay.html)
* [**Boardwalk & Baseball**](bandb.html)
* [**Cape Coral Gardens**](ccgardens.html)
* [**Circus World**](cwld.html)
* [**Clyde Beatty's Jungle Zoo**](beatty.html)
* [**Clyde Beatty's Jungleland**](beatty.html)
* [***Cross and Sword***](crossandsword.html)
* [**Cypress Gardens**](cypressgardens.html)
* [**Cypress Knee Museum**](knees.html)
* [**Dupree Gardens**](dupree.html)
* [**Everglades Observatory**](leo.html)
* [**Florida Reptile Land**](frland.html)
* [**Florida Wild Animal Farm**](flanimalfarm.html)
* [**Floridaland**](fland.html)
* [**Foxbower Wildlife Exhibit**](foxbower.html)
* [**Fred Bear Museum**](fredbear.html)
* [**Gresh Wood Parade**](gresh.html)
* [**Guinness World Records Experience**](guinness.html)
* [**Hard Rock Vault**](HRVault.html)
* [**The Haunted Mansion**](hauntman.html)
* [**Honey Bee Observatory**](hbf.html)
* [**House of Mystery**](houseofmystery.html)
* [**Indian World Museum**](ancientamerica.html)
* [**James Melton Autorama**](melton.html)
* [**King Henry's Feast**](KingHenry.html)
* [**Klassix Auto Museum**](klassix.html)
* [**Lost Lake Caverns**](lostlake.html)
* [**Masterpiece Gardens**](mastgard.html)
* [**Miami Rare Bird Farm**](mrbf.html)
* [**Miami Wax Museum**](miamiwax.html)
| * [**Miracle Strip Amusement Park**](mstrip.html)
* [**Moonshine Still**](moonshine.html)
* [**Mystery House**](mysthse.html)
* [**Paradise Park**](paradisepark.html)
* [**Pioneer City**](picity.html)
* [**Pirates World**](piratesw.html)
* [**Planet Ocean**](planetocean.html)
* [**Prince of Peace Memorial**](popm.html)
* [**Rainbow Springs**](rainbow.html)
* [**Rattlesnake Headquarters**](rattlesnakeFL.html)
* [**Ross Allen's Reptile Institute**](rossal.html)
* [**Saint Petersburg Alligator Farm**](spgator.html)
* [**Seville Peacock Farm**](seville.html)
* [**Six Gun Territory**](sixgun.html)
* [**Splendid China**](china.html)
* [**Skull Kingdom**](skullking.html)
* [**The SST Museum**](SST.html)
* [**Stars Hall Of Fame Wax Museum**](starshall.html)
* [**Storyland/Storyland USA**](storylnd.html)
* [**Sunshine Springs & Gardens**](sunsprings.html)
* [**Tarpon Springs Alligator Farm**](tarponalligator.html)
* [**Teddy Bear Museum of Naples**](teddybear.html)
* [**Texas Jim's Sarasota Reptile Farm and Zoo**](texasjim.html)
* [**Tiki Gardens**](tiki.html)
* [**Tommy Bartlett's Deer Ranch**](bdeer.html)
* [**Top O' the Strip Observation Tower**](topostrip.html)
* [**Tragedy In The U.S. Museum**](tragedy.html)
* [**Treasureland**](tresland.html)
* [**Tropical Panorama**](tropicalpan.html)
* [**Tussaud's London Wax Museum**](londonwax.html)
* [**The Upside-Down House**](udhouse.html)
* [**USA of Yesterday Museum**](usa.html)
* [**The Vedder Museum**](vedder.html)
* [***Voice in the Wind***](voiceinthewind.html)
* [**Waltzing Waters Aquarama**](WWaquarama.html)
* [**Weapons of the World**](wep_o_w.html)
* [**Webb's City**](webbs.html)
* [**Xanadu: Home of the Future**](xanadu.html)
|
If you don't see it above, try [**The Master List** of Forgotten Attractions](thelist.html) or [**Why don't you list...**](whynot.html) on attractions that are still open.
[**Florida Attractions Timeline.**](timeline.html)
[**Never Never Lands**](never.html): proposed parks that were never opened.
[**Why don't you list...**](whynot.html)
[**Recommended Reading**](books.htm)
[**Florida Poster Gallery**](posters.html)
[**Other Lost Florida Attractions Sites**](others.html)
Looking for information on currently operating theme parks? See [**Theme Park City**](http://www.themeparkcity.com).
---
*At the moment, due to a spammer spoofing my email, webmaster@lostparks.com has been shut down. I'll probably post a new email shortly. Before emailing me check the [Why don't you list...](whynot.html) page first, and understand that I do not have the time to research questions and provide any information on these attractions other than what is already here. If I had the time or the information it would generally be on the site already (additional profiles are always in the works, but you'll just have to wait for them to be completed and posted). This site generates a surprisingly large volume of email and, while I appreciate your well wishes and reminiscences, I do not always have the time to reply. Note that none of the attractions profiled here still exist, so asking about hours or prices doesn't make a whole lot of sense now, does it?*
---
Want to learn how to produce murder mystery shows? Visit [ImprovActing.com](http://www.improvacting.com).
*This site Copyright (c) 1997-2015 by Robert H. Brown, all rights reserved.*
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<div class="colContent"><!--deleted more--><h2 class="leadin">Windows95 Find Applet</h2>
</CENTER>
<P>In Windows95, there is perhaps no better example of how applications should <u>NOT</u> be designed than the <i>Find Applet</i>. It suffers from poor overall structure, applies internally inconsistent control rules, employs controls that are inconsistent with the same controls used elsewhere in Windows95, restricts the user by applying arbitrary rules, and offers essentially no support. While it offers several useful features in addition to those provided by the Search function in the Windows3.1 <i>File Manager</i>, the implementation of those features is poorly realized.
<p>
<i>Last updated 24-February-1999</i>
<p>
<a NAME="FIND1"></a>
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<img src="images/expfind.gif" width=439 height=237 alt="Find Dialog">
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<p>
The <i>Find Applet</i> is a truly bizarre mix of interface elements: a dialog box with a menu bar. This is typically regarded as a beginning programmer's mistake. There's always been a rather simple rule to follow when designing a window: <b><i>dialog boxes don't have menus</i></b>. Menus indicate a document-centric application, such as text editors and graphics applications, in which you can have multiple documents open simultaneously.
<p>
An 'Edit' menu? What is there to cut, copy or paste? 'View'?, there are no icons to <i>arrange</i>? Since this the only dialog box without a Cancel button, the first menu the user is likely to use is the File menu; it contains the Close command.
<p>
The Find window is not really a dialog box. Well, it is, sort of, <i>until</i> you perform a search. The menus become relevant only after you have hit the <b>Find Now</b> button (as opposed to <b>Find Later</b>), and they are only relevant if the search was successful. As soon as the user presses Find Now, the dialog box becomes taller, to display the results of the search. Of course, if you've moved the form to the lower portion of the screen, you might never know that your search was successful.
<p>In this way, the Find dialog exists as both a dialog box and a document-centric application. Confused? So was the designer.
<p>The basic problem is that the Find window attempts to simultaneously display the contents of what should be displayed in two separate windows. There should be an initial Find dialog, for the user to enter their criteria, and a separate results window. This would avoid confusing the user with controls that have no relevance to the separate purposes, and allows the design of a window optimized for its distinct purpose.
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<img src="images/findsize.gif" width=96 height=80 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
Viewing the results of the search can often involve a considerable amount of screen management. <i>Find</i> only leaves enough room to display 4 files, so you'll often want to resize the screen so that more files are listed. If you make extensive use of long file names, you'll probably want to increase the width of the name column. If you are interested in the file's location, you'll probably want to increase the width of the Folder column. Interested in the file dates? You'll either have to scroll to the right, or increase the width of the window to see them.
<p>Now that you have the display arranged according to your needs, <b>don't exit</b> the <i>Find Applet</i>; if you do, you'll just have to reset them the next time you perform a search. <i>Find</i> has no memory between sessions, and no means to specify your display preferences.
<p>Interface designers refer to all this management as <i><b>excise</b></i>; it represents all the piddly stuff you have to do just to get to the real purpose of your task. In <i>Find</i> this excise is part of the price the user has to pay because the designer decided to combine the criteria and results into the same window. If the designers had used a separate results window, they could have optimized its design to take into consideration the purpose of the window: to provide sufficient information, properly arranged, to allow the user to rapidly identify the desired file or files.
<p>Thanks to <b>Tim Jones</b> for pointing out <i>Find's</i> forgetfulness:
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I *HATE* the way the damn thing NEVER remembers what size I had its results portion or how wide columns were, fancy having to do that *every* time you use the darn thing...I use the damn thing everyday and it is amazing how quickly you adapt to such ugliness.</i>
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<img src="images/find8.gif" width=271 height=34 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
The use of Tab sheets in this dialog represents an unnecessary application of micro-management. Tab sheets are a great means of reducing clutter on a complex windows, by organizing the information into discrete sections. However, their use in the Find dialog is inappropriate, since the dialog is neither complex nor cluttered, nor do the imposed sections reflect distinct sections. In fact, similar criteria are entered on separate Tabs, creating a conflict for the user.
<p><img src="images/find1.gif" width=332 height=180 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">One point of conflict imposed by the Tabs is the type of files to be searched. As shown in the figure, the user could specify the file type by entering a file extension and wildcard for the 'Named' field (what kind of label is that?!) on the Name & Location Tab, or could select one of the file types from the 'Of type' (who comes up with these labels?) drop-down on the Advanced Tab. Changing one of these fields causes the other to change, but because they are placed on separate Tabs, this change is not visible to the user. Regardless of the criteria specified in the File Name field, Type will read 'All files...'. Changing the File Type has the effect of deleting the earlier *.ini specification. The end result of all this is that the user is confused as to which files are being searched for.
<p>The appropriateness of the term 'Advanced' is dubious at best. Is searching for a string of text in files really an advanced feature? The likely result of the 'Advanced' label is that some users will be intimidated from ever exploring the Tab.
<p>An appropriate design of the Find Criteria dialog would have been a single window which would allow the user to instantly see the types of criteria allowed, and allow them to specify any combination from the same location. The Find dialog allows very few criteria; therefore there is no reason not to provide them in a single location.
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The image shown above also illustrates the inconsistent use of control rules in the Find applet. The File Name field supports the use of wildcard characters and placeholders for searching. As shown, <b>*.ini</b> would search for all files with the extension <i>.ini</i>. Similarly, <b>d*.ini</b> would locate any files beginning with the letter 'd' having the extension <i>.ini</i>, and <b>??d*</b> would located all files that have the letter 'd' in the third character of the name, of any file extension.
<p>This is pretty powerful stuff, and probably the most advanced feature in the dialog. Unfortunately, the <i>Containing</i> field on the Advanced Tab does not support wildcards nor placeholders in searches. Entering <b>develop*</b> with the expectation of finding all files containing the words develop, developer, development, etc., will only lead to disappointment and frustration. The 'Containing' search is a literal search.
<p>Interestingly, there is no indication that wildcards are permitted in the File Name field (nor any indication that they are not permitted on the Containing field). Further, there is no mention of wildcards in the Help file, nor in the context-sensitive ('What's This?') help for the field.
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<img src="images/find6.gif" width=126 height=64 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
As discussed above, the Advanced Tab allows the user to search for those files containing a particular string. We found it somewhat surprising that the Tab did not provide a means to allow the user to specify a case sensitive search. For some inexplicable reason, case sensitivity for the search string is specified under the Options menu. If you forget about this hidden function, you might never get the results you expect.
<p>Since there was plenty of room left on the Tab, we can only surmise that Microsoft placed it in the Options menu only so that the Options menu would have more than one menu item under it.
<p>By the way, Find ignores the case sensitivity setting when performing a File Name search (e.g., <b>COPY*</b>), even though Explorer displays files with case. Case sensitivity only applies when searching for a particular string within a file, therefore, it should only be enabled when a string has been specified.
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<img src="images/find4.gif" width=215 height=107 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
When specifying where the search can be conducted, Find provides a drop-down control with the label 'Look in'. Unfortunately, the Find 'Look in' control operates differently than all other Look in controls in Windows95.
<p>The Find dialog 'Look in' control only displays the physical drives available for searching. The 'Look in' control used elsewhere in Explorer displays the drives, Network Neighborhood, and the desktop folders. To search a desktop folder, the user would have to click on Browse, then navigate through the hierarchy until C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\(folder) is specified. There can be no rational reason why the Find 'Look in' should operate any differently than any other 'Look in'.
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<a NAME="FIND6"></a>
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<img src="images/find5.gif" width=95 height=80 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
One potentially nice feature of the <i>Find Applet</i> is that you can save your search criteria for use at some other time. Unfortunately, Microsoft's implementation of this feature leaves much to be desired.
<p>When the user selects <i>Save Search</i> from the <i>File</i> menu, Find creates an icon on the desktop with a name assigned by Find. The user cannot specify the name nor the location of the saved search from the Find Applet. To change the name or location, you have to use a different application.
<p>A related problem occurs when trying to run a previously saved search. The Find dialog provides no means of 'Opening' a previous search. You would have to open the search file from the Explorer, or perform a 'Find' to locate the search file before running it. This, quite simply, is bizarre, and is completely contrary to the principles of MDI design that <i>Find</i> is poorly attempting to implement.
<p>Notice that the name that <i>Find</i> assigned to the desktop icon above. The actual search saved was the <b>*.ini</b> search shown previously on this page. Due to Windows95's own file-naming rules, the asterisk (*) is an invalid character in filenames, thus, a different character (@) is substituted. We would have to wonder how many users re-open such searches to see if they had mistyped the * in the critera.
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<a NAME="FIND11"></a>
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<img src="images/findsave.gif" width=181 height=198 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right" alt="Not exactly">
Unfortunately, the <i>Find Applet's</i> ability to save a search is dependent on when you decide to save it. Despite the fact that the "Save Search" menu item is enabled before a search is performed, and despite the fact that the applet will create a file on your desktop, the search itself is not saved. If you save your search before performing a search, all of your search criteria will be lost.
</td>
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<a NAME="FIND12"></a>
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We'll let <b>visitor Albert Walker</b> describe this unusual interface feature:
<p>
<img src="images/note.gif" align="left" width=51 height=39 alt="mail">
<img src="images/findopt.gif" width=220 height=87 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right" alt="Misplaced options">
<i>I performed a search and clicked on the "Save Results" option numerous times, thinking
that it would prompt me to save the results of my search, or at least
place an icon on the desktop like it does when you select "Save Search"
on the "File" menu. From what I could tell, all it did was place a
checkmark next to the menu item. Selecting it again removed the
checkmark.
<P>After having lots of fun turning the checkmark on and off for a while,
it suddenly dawned on me that I had no idea what was happening (and I
consider myself a pretty savvy Windows user!).</i>
<p>
It was not until visiting the Win95 help system, and performing a find on "find" (itself another area of discussion altogether), that Albert learned that to save the results of a search, the user must select "Save Results" from the Options menu, and select "Save Search" from the File menu. In other words, to accomplish a single task, the user must select two menu items from two different menus. We find it interesting that all that usability testing that Microsoft claimed to have performed did not find this to be ... awkward.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<a NAME="FIND13"></a>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
<img src="images/findincl.gif" width=118 height=28 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right" alt="Magical Controls">
One notable feature of a well-designed GUI is that it provides the user a variety of ways to perform an action. For example, in addition to clicking on the control of choice, the user can also chose a keyboard shortcut, or can use the Tab key to navigate to the control. The designer of the <i>Find Applet</i> took this feature one step too far: in addition to clicking on the "Include subfolders" checkbox, the user can also set it by clicking on any of the other tabs in the dialog, then return to the "Name & Location" tab.
<p>To see this for yourself, uncheck the checkbox (using any of the standard GUI techniques), click on the Advanced tab, then go back to the "Name & Location" tab. You will find that the "Include subfolders" checkbox has been magically selected for you.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<a NAME="FIND14"></a>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
<img src="images/finddays.gif" width=219 height=33 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right" alt="Spin Incompetence">
The "Date Modified" tab of <i>Find Applet</i> provides spin buttons to allow the user to specify the number of days or months since a file was last modified. Given the size of the up and down buttons provided by the control, we would consider the use of spin buttons to be a dubious choice, even in the hands of a competent developer. In the case of the developer of the <i>Find Applet</i>, on the other hand, the implementation of the buttons is particularly poor.
<p>Spin buttons are intended to provide guidance to the user by restricting input to the range of acceptable values. The range of acceptable values for the number of days in the <i>Find Applet</i>, as discovered by scrolling down until the minimum value is reached, and up until the maximum value is reached is from 0 to 999 days. So it would seem. When a search is performed using 0 days, the program responds with the message "You must specify a valid number." Despite the fact that 0 is indeed a valid number, the developer's failure to specify the correct range negates any benefit of using a spin control.
<p>Another failure is evident in the fact that the user can, if he or she so desires, type letters into the textbox portion of the control. Since the applet can only interpret integers, the developer should have written a line or two of code to ignore any non-numeric input. This would have negated the need to perform a specific error-check for non-numeric input, and consequently, would have made the erroneous error message unnecessary.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<a NAME="FIND10"></a>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
<img src="images/findmode.gif" width=175 height=70 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right" ALT="Find Mode Error">
<img src="images/note.gif" align="left" width=51 height=39 alt="mail">
<b>Peter Lind</b> wrote to inform us of a particularly problematic feature of the <i>Find Applet</i>. The success of a search performed with the <i>Find Applet</i> is dependent on the user's selection for the <b>Hide Files</b> option in the <i>Explorer</i> application. For example, if the <b>Show all files</b> option is selected, the <i>Find Applet</i> will correctly locate the file moricons.dll (located in the Windows directory), even if the user has simply entered "moricons" in the <i>Named</i> field. However, if the user selected the <b>Hide files</b> option in <i>Explorer</i> the <i>Find Applet</i> will incorrectly report that it cannot find "moricons", "moricons.*", or even "moricons.dl*". If the <b>Hide files</b> option is selected, the <i>Find Applet</i> will only find the file is the entire filename is specified.
<p>Psychologists refer to this as a <i><b>Mode Error</b></i>, in that the behavior of the application is dependent on the selected <i>mode</i> (not unlike the difference in word processor behavior between "insert" vs. "overstrike" modes). The problem is exacerbated in the <i>Find Applet</i> by the fact that there is no indication of the particular mode, and moreso, by the fact that the mode is specified in a completely separate application. As a result of this design, the user can never be sure of the results of the familiar wildcard search unless he or she has gone to a separate application to ascertain whether or not the correct mode has been specified.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<a NAME="FIND9"></a>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
<CENTER>
<img src="images/findger.gif" width=393 height=160 ALT="Translation Difficulties">
</CENTER><P>
<b>Alex Regenass</b> wrote us to point out that Microsoft's translators made the German version of <i>Find Applet</i> even more difficult to use:
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding=6>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<img src="images/note.gif" width=51 height=39 ALT="note">
</td>
<td><i>
I fully agree with your criticism of the find applet. But in the german
version of Windows 95 Microsoft even managed to make it worse. The button "Browse" which is used to choose another starting directory is labeled "Durchsuchen" which you could translate as "search", "comb", or "scour". The button "Find now" is labelled "Starten" (obviously translated as "Start"). So guess how many people try to find a file by clicking on "Durchsuchen". It happens to me even I know about this mislabelling. Arrgh.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<a NAME="FIND7"></a>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
<img src="images/find3.gif" width=119 height=65 vspace=4 hspace=4 align="right">
Perhaps one of the most shameful aspects of the <i>Find Applet</i> is the fact that it does not provide on-line help. Sure, there is a help menu, but selecting that will dump you into the Windows95 general help file, which contains only a mere mention of the Find Applet. There is no mention that you can search for strings in files, or use wildcards in File Name searches. The user is left to learn about the applet through trial and error, or by learning about it from some other source.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
<hr size=1 width=95%>
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding= 10>
<tr>
<td>
We received a letter from an individual using the name <b>"Spearfish"</b>, which may provide some insight into Microsoft's reasoning behind the design of the Find dialog:
<TABLE width=100% cellpadding=6>
<tr valign="top">
<td>
<img src="images/note.gif" width=51 height=39>
</td>
<td><i>
If Microsoft made everything perfect the first time around, they would be a defunct company. I hate to say it, but the find dialog problems were probably purposefully DUMB on the part of Microsoft. What better way to get at our pocket books again than to make a better product?</i>
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
Our hope is that most developers will take the alternative view that quality sells.
</td>
</tr>
</TABLE>
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interface hall of shame: win95 find applet [mirror of iarchitect.com]
[hall of shame](shame.html)
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## Windows95 Find Applet
In Windows95, there is perhaps no better example of how applications should NOT be designed than the *Find Applet*. It suffers from poor overall structure, applies internally inconsistent control rules, employs controls that are inconsistent with the same controls used elsewhere in Windows95, restricts the user by applying arbitrary rules, and offers essentially no support. While it offers several useful features in addition to those provided by the Search function in the Windows3.1 *File Manager*, the implementation of those features is poorly realized.
*Last updated 24-February-1999*
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Find Dialog
The *Find Applet* is a truly bizarre mix of interface elements: a dialog box with a menu bar. This is typically regarded as a beginning programmer's mistake. There's always been a rather simple rule to follow when designing a window: ***dialog boxes don't have menus***. Menus indicate a document-centric application, such as text editors and graphics applications, in which you can have multiple documents open simultaneously.
An 'Edit' menu? What is there to cut, copy or paste? 'View'?, there are no icons to *arrange*? Since this the only dialog box without a Cancel button, the first menu the user is likely to use is the File menu; it contains the Close command.
The Find window is not really a dialog box. Well, it is, sort of, *until* you perform a search. The menus become relevant only after you have hit the **Find Now** button (as opposed to **Find Later**), and they are only relevant if the search was successful. As soon as the user presses Find Now, the dialog box becomes taller, to display the results of the search. Of course, if you've moved the form to the lower portion of the screen, you might never know that your search was successful.
In this way, the Find dialog exists as both a dialog box and a document-centric application. Confused? So was the designer.
The basic problem is that the Find window attempts to simultaneously display the contents of what should be displayed in two separate windows. There should be an initial Find dialog, for the user to enter their criteria, and a separate results window. This would avoid confusing the user with controls that have no relevance to the separate purposes, and allows the design of a window optimized for its distinct purpose.
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Viewing the results of the search can often involve a considerable amount of screen management. *Find* only leaves enough room to display 4 files, so you'll often want to resize the screen so that more files are listed. If you make extensive use of long file names, you'll probably want to increase the width of the name column. If you are interested in the file's location, you'll probably want to increase the width of the Folder column. Interested in the file dates? You'll either have to scroll to the right, or increase the width of the window to see them.
Now that you have the display arranged according to your needs, **don't exit** the *Find Applet*; if you do, you'll just have to reset them the next time you perform a search. *Find* has no memory between sessions, and no means to specify your display preferences.
Interface designers refer to all this management as ***excise***; it represents all the piddly stuff you have to do just to get to the real purpose of your task. In *Find* this excise is part of the price the user has to pay because the designer decided to combine the criteria and results into the same window. If the designers had used a separate results window, they could have optimized its design to take into consideration the purpose of the window: to provide sufficient information, properly arranged, to allow the user to rapidly identify the desired file or files.
Thanks to **Tim Jones** for pointing out *Find's* forgetfulness:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | *I \*HATE\* the way the damn thing NEVER remembers what size I had its results portion or how wide columns were, fancy having to do that \*every\* time you use the darn thing...I use the damn thing everyday and it is amazing how quickly you adapt to such ugliness.* |
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The use of Tab sheets in this dialog represents an unnecessary application of micro-management. Tab sheets are a great means of reducing clutter on a complex windows, by organizing the information into discrete sections. However, their use in the Find dialog is inappropriate, since the dialog is neither complex nor cluttered, nor do the imposed sections reflect distinct sections. In fact, similar criteria are entered on separate Tabs, creating a conflict for the user.
One point of conflict imposed by the Tabs is the type of files to be searched. As shown in the figure, the user could specify the file type by entering a file extension and wildcard for the 'Named' field (what kind of label is that?!) on the Name & Location Tab, or could select one of the file types from the 'Of type' (who comes up with these labels?) drop-down on the Advanced Tab. Changing one of these fields causes the other to change, but because they are placed on separate Tabs, this change is not visible to the user. Regardless of the criteria specified in the File Name field, Type will read 'All files...'. Changing the File Type has the effect of deleting the earlier \*.ini specification. The end result of all this is that the user is confused as to which files are being searched for.
The appropriateness of the term 'Advanced' is dubious at best. Is searching for a string of text in files really an advanced feature? The likely result of the 'Advanced' label is that some users will be intimidated from ever exploring the Tab.
An appropriate design of the Find Criteria dialog would have been a single window which would allow the user to instantly see the types of criteria allowed, and allow them to specify any combination from the same location. The Find dialog allows very few criteria; therefore there is no reason not to provide them in a single location.
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The image shown above also illustrates the inconsistent use of control rules in the Find applet. The File Name field supports the use of wildcard characters and placeholders for searching. As shown, **\*.ini** would search for all files with the extension *.ini*. Similarly, **d\*.ini** would locate any files beginning with the letter 'd' having the extension *.ini*, and **??d\*** would located all files that have the letter 'd' in the third character of the name, of any file extension.
This is pretty powerful stuff, and probably the most advanced feature in the dialog. Unfortunately, the *Containing* field on the Advanced Tab does not support wildcards nor placeholders in searches. Entering **develop\*** with the expectation of finding all files containing the words develop, developer, development, etc., will only lead to disappointment and frustration. The 'Containing' search is a literal search.
Interestingly, there is no indication that wildcards are permitted in the File Name field (nor any indication that they are not permitted on the Containing field). Further, there is no mention of wildcards in the Help file, nor in the context-sensitive ('What's This?') help for the field.
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|
As discussed above, the Advanced Tab allows the user to search for those files containing a particular string. We found it somewhat surprising that the Tab did not provide a means to allow the user to specify a case sensitive search. For some inexplicable reason, case sensitivity for the search string is specified under the Options menu. If you forget about this hidden function, you might never get the results you expect.
Since there was plenty of room left on the Tab, we can only surmise that Microsoft placed it in the Options menu only so that the Options menu would have more than one menu item under it.
By the way, Find ignores the case sensitivity setting when performing a File Name search (e.g., **COPY\***), even though Explorer displays files with case. Case sensitivity only applies when searching for a particular string within a file, therefore, it should only be enabled when a string has been specified.
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When specifying where the search can be conducted, Find provides a drop-down control with the label 'Look in'. Unfortunately, the Find 'Look in' control operates differently than all other Look in controls in Windows95.
The Find dialog 'Look in' control only displays the physical drives available for searching. The 'Look in' control used elsewhere in Explorer displays the drives, Network Neighborhood, and the desktop folders. To search a desktop folder, the user would have to click on Browse, then navigate through the hierarchy until C:\WINDOWS\DESKTOP\(folder) is specified. There can be no rational reason why the Find 'Look in' should operate any differently than any other 'Look in'.
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One potentially nice feature of the *Find Applet* is that you can save your search criteria for use at some other time. Unfortunately, Microsoft's implementation of this feature leaves much to be desired.
When the user selects *Save Search* from the *File* menu, Find creates an icon on the desktop with a name assigned by Find. The user cannot specify the name nor the location of the saved search from the Find Applet. To change the name or location, you have to use a different application.
A related problem occurs when trying to run a previously saved search. The Find dialog provides no means of 'Opening' a previous search. You would have to open the search file from the Explorer, or perform a 'Find' to locate the search file before running it. This, quite simply, is bizarre, and is completely contrary to the principles of MDI design that *Find* is poorly attempting to implement.
Notice that the name that *Find* assigned to the desktop icon above. The actual search saved was the **\*.ini** search shown previously on this page. Due to Windows95's own file-naming rules, the asterisk (\*) is an invalid character in filenames, thus, a different character (@) is substituted. We would have to wonder how many users re-open such searches to see if they had mistyped the \* in the critera.
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| Not exactly
Unfortunately, the *Find Applet's* ability to save a search is dependent on when you decide to save it. Despite the fact that the "Save Search" menu item is enabled before a search is performed, and despite the fact that the applet will create a file on your desktop, the search itself is not saved. If you save your search before performing a search, all of your search criteria will be lost.
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We'll let **visitor Albert Walker** describe this unusual interface feature:
mail
Misplaced options
*I performed a search and clicked on the "Save Results" option numerous times, thinking
that it would prompt me to save the results of my search, or at least
place an icon on the desktop like it does when you select "Save Search"
on the "File" menu. From what I could tell, all it did was place a
checkmark next to the menu item. Selecting it again removed the
checkmark.
After having lots of fun turning the checkmark on and off for a while,
it suddenly dawned on me that I had no idea what was happening (and I
consider myself a pretty savvy Windows user!).*
It was not until visiting the Win95 help system, and performing a find on "find" (itself another area of discussion altogether), that Albert learned that to save the results of a search, the user must select "Save Results" from the Options menu, and select "Save Search" from the File menu. In other words, to accomplish a single task, the user must select two menu items from two different menus. We find it interesting that all that usability testing that Microsoft claimed to have performed did not find this to be ... awkward.
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| Magical Controls
One notable feature of a well-designed GUI is that it provides the user a variety of ways to perform an action. For example, in addition to clicking on the control of choice, the user can also chose a keyboard shortcut, or can use the Tab key to navigate to the control. The designer of the *Find Applet* took this feature one step too far: in addition to clicking on the "Include subfolders" checkbox, the user can also set it by clicking on any of the other tabs in the dialog, then return to the "Name & Location" tab.
To see this for yourself, uncheck the checkbox (using any of the standard GUI techniques), click on the Advanced tab, then go back to the "Name & Location" tab. You will find that the "Include subfolders" checkbox has been magically selected for you.
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| Spin Incompetence
The "Date Modified" tab of *Find Applet* provides spin buttons to allow the user to specify the number of days or months since a file was last modified. Given the size of the up and down buttons provided by the control, we would consider the use of spin buttons to be a dubious choice, even in the hands of a competent developer. In the case of the developer of the *Find Applet*, on the other hand, the implementation of the buttons is particularly poor.
Spin buttons are intended to provide guidance to the user by restricting input to the range of acceptable values. The range of acceptable values for the number of days in the *Find Applet*, as discovered by scrolling down until the minimum value is reached, and up until the maximum value is reached is from 0 to 999 days. So it would seem. When a search is performed using 0 days, the program responds with the message "You must specify a valid number." Despite the fact that 0 is indeed a valid number, the developer's failure to specify the correct range negates any benefit of using a spin control.
Another failure is evident in the fact that the user can, if he or she so desires, type letters into the textbox portion of the control. Since the applet can only interpret integers, the developer should have written a line or two of code to ignore any non-numeric input. This would have negated the need to perform a specific error-check for non-numeric input, and consequently, would have made the erroneous error message unnecessary.
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| --- |
| Find Mode Error
mail
**Peter Lind** wrote to inform us of a particularly problematic feature of the *Find Applet*. The success of a search performed with the *Find Applet* is dependent on the user's selection for the **Hide Files** option in the *Explorer* application. For example, if the **Show all files** option is selected, the *Find Applet* will correctly locate the file moricons.dll (located in the Windows directory), even if the user has simply entered "moricons" in the *Named* field. However, if the user selected the **Hide files** option in *Explorer* the *Find Applet* will incorrectly report that it cannot find "moricons", "moricons.\*", or even "moricons.dl\*". If the **Hide files** option is selected, the *Find Applet* will only find the file is the entire filename is specified.
Psychologists refer to this as a ***Mode Error***, in that the behavior of the application is dependent on the selected *mode* (not unlike the difference in word processor behavior between "insert" vs. "overstrike" modes). The problem is exacerbated in the *Find Applet* by the fact that there is no indication of the particular mode, and moreso, by the fact that the mode is specified in a completely separate application. As a result of this design, the user can never be sure of the results of the familiar wildcard search unless he or she has gone to a separate application to ascertain whether or not the correct mode has been specified.
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| --- | --- | --- |
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Translation Difficulties
**Alex Regenass** wrote us to point out that Microsoft's translators made the German version of *Find Applet* even more difficult to use:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| note | *I fully agree with your criticism of the find applet. But in the german
version of Windows 95 Microsoft even managed to make it worse. The button "Browse" which is used to choose another starting directory is labeled "Durchsuchen" which you could translate as "search", "comb", or "scour". The button "Find now" is labelled "Starten" (obviously translated as "Start"). So guess how many people try to find a file by clicking on "Durchsuchen". It happens to me even I know about this mislabelling. Arrgh.* |
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Perhaps one of the most shameful aspects of the *Find Applet* is the fact that it does not provide on-line help. Sure, there is a help menu, but selecting that will dump you into the Windows95 general help file, which contains only a mere mention of the Find Applet. There is no mention that you can search for strings in files, or use wildcards in File Name searches. The user is left to learn about the applet through trial and error, or by learning about it from some other source.
|
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| --- | --- | --- |
|
We received a letter from an individual using the name **"Spearfish"**, which may provide some insight into Microsoft's reasoning behind the design of the Find dialog:
| | |
| --- | --- |
| | *If Microsoft made everything perfect the first time around, they would be a defunct company. I hate to say it, but the find dialog problems were probably purposefully DUMB on the part of Microsoft. What better way to get at our pocket books again than to make a better product?* |
Our hope is that most developers will take the alternative view that quality sells.
|
---
© 1996-2000 Isys Information Architects Inc. All rights reserved.
Reproduction in whole or in part in any form or medium without express written permission is prohibited.
GP designpartners provide this mirror — for educational purposes only — as the interface hall of shame is no longer maintained or available at its original home, [www.iarchitect.com](http://www.iarchitect.com/) [a domain apparently abandoned and taken over by a search spammer ...].
you can view this file in its original layout: <find95.htm>.
please [drop us a line](mailto:hallofshame@gp.co.at?subject=regarding brian c hayes ...) if you happen to know anything about the whereabouts of [brian c hayes](http://www.linuxtoday.com/news_story.php3?ltsn=1999-07-30-003-10-NW-LF-0028) of isys information architects, the author of this »interface hall of shame« [and fame].
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</header>
<main>
<p><em>Databending</em> is manipulating files as if they were of a different format. For example, you can use an audio or text editor to manipulate a bitmap file, causing glitchy effects in the image.</p>
<div class="figures">
<figure>
<img src="rats.jpg" width="300" height="225">
<figcaption>Photo of <a href="https://ratshien.art/" title="Click for my friend Haley's website.">my friend</a>'s uncle's oriental shorthairs.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
<img src="rats_echo.png" width="300" height="225">
<figcaption>The previous image, but with an echo effect applied.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p>When I was younger, I would use Audacity to make these effects. You can import a bitmap file as raw data, apply an audio effect to it, and export the data back to a bitmap. This process is tricky and error-prone. You have to be careful not to mess up the BMP header at the beginning, or your file will be unreadable. (You can just leave the first millisecond or so of audio alone, but then you'll have an unaltered stripe at the bottom of your databent image.) You also have to be careful not to shorten the file, or it probably won't display.</p>
<p>To streamline the process, I made <strong>Sockbend</strong>, a set of Python scripts that applies audio transformations to images. To make the above image, I just had to type:</p>
<!-- formatted with pygmentize -->
<pre style="background: #f0f0f0"><span></span>b <span style="color: #666666">=</span> sockbend<span style="color: #666666">.</span>Bender(<span style="color: #4070a0">"rats.jpg"</span>)
b<span style="color: #666666">.</span>bend(
[(<span style="color: #4070a0">"echo"</span>, {<span style="color: #4070a0">"delays"</span>:[<span style="color: #40a070">0.5</span>], <span style="color: #4070a0">"decays"</span>:[<span style="color: #40a070">1</span>]})],
out_path<span style="color: #666666">=</span><span style="color: #4070a0">"rats_echo.png"</span>
)</pre>
<p>It's a lot easier this way to fiddle around with the numbers until you find something that looks nice. I also added options for image masks and animations, so you can make cool GIFs with it too.</p>
<div class="figures">
<figure>
<img src="socks.jpg" width="300" height="450">
<figcaption>Photo of trans pride socks I found on <a href="https://www.sockdreams.com/dreamer-long-proud-stripes-tube.html">Sockdreams</a>.</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure>
<img src="socks_allpass.gif" width="300" height="450">
<figcaption>The previous image, but with a varying-frequency allpass filter applied with an image mask.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<p>If you want to play with this yourself, <a href="https://github.com/Roachbones/sockbend">here's my code on GitHub</a>. Let me know if you have trouble using it.</p>
<h2>Image Gallery</h2>
<p>Here's a collection of some cool databent images.<br><strong onclick="innerHTML='Flashing content enabled.'; showFlashingContent()">(To show flashing GIFs that might be harmful to those with photosensitive epilepsy, click here.)</strong>
<hr>
<div class="gallery">
<div class="galleryMember">
<img src="python_sock.png">
</div>
<div class="galleryMember">
<img src="oriental_shorthairs.png">
</div>
<div class="flashing">
<div class="galleryMember">
<figure>
<img src="golb.gif">
<figcaption><a href="https://kingofooo.tumblr.com/post/177705378564/sennwald-a-little-promo-for-the-adventure-time">Original GIF from Adventure Time</a>.</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
<div class="flashing">
<div class="galleryMember">
<img src="fleeing_teri.gif">
</div>
</div>
<div class="flashing">
<div class="galleryMember">
<img src="porygon-z.gif">
</div>
</div>
<div class="galleryMember">
<img src="crev.gif">
</div>
</div>
</main>
</body>
</html> |
Sockbend
.figures {
text-align: center;
}
figure {
display: inline-table;
}
figcaption {
display:table-caption;
caption-side: bottom;
}
.gallery {
text-align:center;
}
.gallery img {
border:solid;
}
.galleryMember {
margin: 1em;
}
.flashing {
display: none;
}
function showFlashingContent() {
var flashingElements = document.getElementsByClassName("flashing")
for (var i = 0; i < flashingElements.length; i++) {
flashingElements[i].style.display = "initial";
}
}
# Sockbend
*Databending* is manipulating files as if they were of a different format. For example, you can use an audio or text editor to manipulate a bitmap file, causing glitchy effects in the image.
Photo of [my friend](https://ratshien.art/ "Click for my friend Haley's website.")'s uncle's oriental shorthairs.
The previous image, but with an echo effect applied.
When I was younger, I would use Audacity to make these effects. You can import a bitmap file as raw data, apply an audio effect to it, and export the data back to a bitmap. This process is tricky and error-prone. You have to be careful not to mess up the BMP header at the beginning, or your file will be unreadable. (You can just leave the first millisecond or so of audio alone, but then you'll have an unaltered stripe at the bottom of your databent image.) You also have to be careful not to shorten the file, or it probably won't display.
To streamline the process, I made **Sockbend**, a set of Python scripts that applies audio transformations to images. To make the above image, I just had to type:
```
b = sockbend.Bender("rats.jpg")
b.bend(
[("echo", {"delays":[0.5], "decays":[1]})],
out_path="rats\_echo.png"
)
```
It's a lot easier this way to fiddle around with the numbers until you find something that looks nice. I also added options for image masks and animations, so you can make cool GIFs with it too.
Photo of trans pride socks I found on [Sockdreams](https://www.sockdreams.com/dreamer-long-proud-stripes-tube.html).
The previous image, but with a varying-frequency allpass filter applied with an image mask.
If you want to play with this yourself, [here's my code on GitHub](https://github.com/Roachbones/sockbend). Let me know if you have trouble using it.
## Image Gallery
Here's a collection of some cool databent images.
**(To show flashing GIFs that might be harmful to those with photosensitive epilepsy, click here.)**
---
[Original GIF from Adventure Time](https://kingofooo.tumblr.com/post/177705378564/sennwald-a-little-promo-for-the-adventure-time).
| http://rose.systems/sockbend/ |
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<a href="wfda" target="_top"><img src="graphics/fd-iwfda2.gif" alt="World Fast Draw Association" WIDTH="206" HEIGHT="51" border="0"></a><br>
<br>
<a href="http://fastdraw101.com" target="_top"><img src="graphics/FD101.gif" alt="Fast Draw 101 with Howard Darby" WIDTH="139" HEIGHT="45" border="0"></a><br>
<br>
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<br>
<B><I><font size="+1">W</font>elcome!</I></B> You've discovered <B><I>Fast Draw</I></B>. This shooting sport combines a well tuned single-action revolver, 'full-powder' blanks or wax bullets, and a lightning quick draw to create the fastest timed sport in the world. Take a few minutes to discover the challenge and excitement of this amazing sport.<br><br>
<B><I><font size="+1">T</font>ypes of <font size="+1">F</font>ast <font size="+1">D</font>raw:</I></B> This site deals with the styles used by the <b><a href="wfda" target="_top">World Fast Draw Association</a></b>, Ohio Fast Draw Association, Kansas Fast Draw Association and a few others. They are the most diverse styles of Fast Draw, allowing for stock or modified guns, and wax and blank ammunition shooting at a number of different metal or balloon targets.<br><br>
<img src="graphics/get-ready2.jpg" alt="Get Ready!" WIDTH="380" HEIGHT="369" align="left" style="margin:0px 8px">
You're now ready to learn about this amazing sport by using the links at left, and make sure to check out the <a href="fd_starting.html">Getting Started</a> section and our <a href="http://www.facebook.com/groups/2341482906/" target="links">Facebook group</a> to discover how you can find out more about Fast Draw.<br><br>
</FONT>
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<a href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.254288647297082" target="clubs"><img src="graphics/Sturgis2023-128x141.jpg" border="0" alt="Photo Album" width="128" height="141"><br>
2023 National Elimination Championship<br><font size="1">Sturgis, SD<br>May 27-28, 2023</font></a>
<br><br>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/WorldFastDrawAssociation/posts/pfbid09H2LENbhWKg9y67VMcymYkakGxc1MmpyZhrSzd8HBHZJz6JSfdpdBTsALQgEVN5vl" target="clubs"><img src="graphics/Wichita-2022-128x126.jpg" border="0" alt="Photo Album" width="128" height="126"><br>
Wichita Gunfight<br><font size="1">Wichita, KS<br>Sept 25-26, 2022</font></a>
<br><br>
<a href="https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=WorldFastDrawAssociation&set=a.5229165047181902" target="clubs"><img src="graphics/Sturgis2022-128x135.jpg" border="0" alt="Photo Album" width="128" height="135"><br>
2022 National Index Championship<br><font size="1">Sturgis, SD<br>June 4-5, 2022</font></a>
<br><br>
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2018 World Blank Championship<br><font size="1">Aldergrove, BC<br>July 21-22, 2018</font></a>
<br><br>
-->
<font size="1"><a href="fd_gallery.html">More contest pictures available in the Gallery</a></font><br>
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<br>
<font size="3"><b>WFDA Blank World Championships</b></font><br>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/n0rZiYuBs84" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
<br><br>
<font size="3"><b>Day 1 from the WFDA World Elimination Championships</b></font><br>
<iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/aJ1q_2suJwM" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>
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<FONT COLOR="#990000"><B>Safety Note:</B></FONT> The concept of the <I>Fast Draw</I> is a potentially dangerous one. It is for this reason that only blanks and wax bullets propelled by .22 blanks or shotshell primers are used in the sport. In fact, no 'live' ammunition is allowed at a competition site. The World Fast Draw Association and the members of this sport do not endorse the use of 'live' ammunition when performing a fast draw.<br><br>
Although blanks and wax bullets are the recommended method of enjoying this sport, they can be dangerous when not used in the proper manner. Please make sure to follow all normal firearm safety procedures.<br>
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Fast Draw Resource Center - Your guide to the Fastest Timed Sport in the World
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| Fast Draw Shooters
|
| [Fast Draw Information](index.html) |
| |
[Main](index.html)
[History](fd_hist.html)
[Club List](fd_hist-list.html)
[What is Fast Draw](fd_what.html)
[Equipment](fd_equip.html)
[Equipment overview](fd_equip.html)
[Fast Draw Guns](fd_guns.html)
[Holster history](fd_holsterhist.html)
[Events](fd_events.html)
[Classifications](fd_class.html)
[The Draw](fd_draw.html)
[Fanning](fd_draw.html)
[Thumbing](fd_thumbing.html)
[Thumbing detail](fd_thumb_instruct.html)
[Gallery](fd_gallery.html)
[Video Clips](fd_video.html)
[Discussion Forums](http://worldfastdrawassoc.freeforums.org/index.php)
[Facebook Fast Draw group](http://www.facebook.com/groups/2341482906/)
[F.A.Q.](fd_faq.html)
[Local Clubs](fd_contact.html)
[More Information](fd_starting.html)
[Contest Sponsors](fd_sponsors.html)
[Vendors & Links](fd_links.html)
|
|
[World Fast Draw Association](wfda)
[Fast Draw 101 with Howard Darby](http://fastdraw101.com)
|
| The Fast Draw Resource Center
Your guide to the Fastest Timed Sport in the World |
|
| | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| |
***Welcome!*** You've discovered ***Fast Draw***. This shooting sport combines a well tuned single-action revolver, 'full-powder' blanks or wax bullets, and a lightning quick draw to create the fastest timed sport in the world. Take a few minutes to discover the challenge and excitement of this amazing sport.
***Types of Fast Draw:*** This site deals with the styles used by the **[World Fast Draw Association](wfda)**, Ohio Fast Draw Association, Kansas Fast Draw Association and a few others. They are the most diverse styles of Fast Draw, allowing for stock or modified guns, and wax and blank ammunition shooting at a number of different metal or balloon targets.
Get Ready!
You're now ready to learn about this amazing sport by using the links at left, and make sure to check out the [Getting Started](fd_starting.html) section and our [Facebook group](http://www.facebook.com/groups/2341482906/) to discover how you can find out more about Fast Draw.
|
| |
| --- |
| Recent Contests |
| |
[Photo Album
2023 National Elimination ChampionshipSturgis, SDMay 27-28, 2023](https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.254288647297082)
[Photo Album
Wichita GunfightWichita, KSSept 25-26, 2022](https://www.facebook.com/WorldFastDrawAssociation/posts/pfbid09H2LENbhWKg9y67VMcymYkakGxc1MmpyZhrSzd8HBHZJz6JSfdpdBTsALQgEVN5vl)
[Photo Album
2022 National Index ChampionshipSturgis, SDJune 4-5, 2022](https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?vanity=WorldFastDrawAssociation&set=a.5229165047181902)
[More contest pictures available in the Gallery](fd_gallery.html)
| |
| |
|
**WFDA Blank World Championships**
**Day 1 from the WFDA World Elimination Championships**
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| Like us on Facebook | |
---
**Safety Note:** The concept of the *Fast Draw* is a potentially dangerous one. It is for this reason that only blanks and wax bullets propelled by .22 blanks or shotshell primers are used in the sport. In fact, no 'live' ammunition is allowed at a competition site. The World Fast Draw Association and the members of this sport do not endorse the use of 'live' ammunition when performing a fast draw.
Although blanks and wax bullets are the recommended method of enjoying this sport, they can be dangerous when not used in the proper manner. Please make sure to follow all normal firearm safety procedures.
---
|
| http://fastdraw.org/ |
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<pre>
..... .....
,ad8PPPP88b, ,d88PPPP8ba,
d8P" "Y8b, ,d8P" "Y8b
dP' "8a8" `Yd
8( " )8
I8 8I
Yb, ,dP
"8a, ,a8"
"8a, ,a8"
"Yba adP" Norman Veilleux/Ryan Harding
`Y8a a8P'
`88, ,88'
"8b d8"
"8b d8"
`888'
"
____
From: Nveilleu@emr1.emr.ca (Normand Veilleux)
_____ _____
,ad8PPPP88b, ,d88PPPP8ba,
d8P" "Y8b, ,d8P" "Y8b
dP' "8a8" `Yd
8( " )8
I8 8I
Yb, ,dP
"8a, ,a8"
"8a, ,a8"
"Yba adP"
`Y8a a8P'
`88, ,88'
"8b d8" Normand
"8b d8" Veilleux
`888'
"
___
From: zombie@camelot.bradley.edu (Dustin Slater)
*********** ***********
***************** *****************
********************* *********************
*********************** ***********************
************************ ************************
************************* *************************
**************************************************
************************************************
********************************************
****************************************
**********************************
******************************
************************
********************
**************
**********
******
**
ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOUILO ****** VEYOU ****** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOU *********** I *********** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEY
OUIUI *************** *************** VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
YOUI ********************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUI
IL ************************************* OVEYOUILOVEYOUI
L *************I**LOVE**YOU*!************ OVEYOUILOVEYOU
I *************************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYO
U *************************************** ILOVEYOUILOVEY
OU ************************************* ILOVEYOUILOVEYO
UIL *********************************** OVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
OVEYO ******************************* ULOVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
OVEYOUI **************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOV
EYOUILOVE *********************** YOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
VEYOUILOVEYOU ***************** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOUILOVEYO ************* LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
UILOVEYOUILOVEYOU ********* LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOV ***** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEY
EYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU *** YOULOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU * VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
OVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
/|_
........ / |_ ........
.........../ /............
............/ >..............
.............( >................
............./ /..................
............./ /.....................
............/ /.....................
.........__/ \_____.................
......./' |................
......./ /-\ /...............
...../ / \--/................
.../ /.......................
/ /.....................
( >....................
/ >...................
/ _| .................
/ __/ .............
/_/ .........
.....
...
.
____
From: Judy Anderson <yduj@harlequin.com>
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: >
< ::::::::: :::: ::::::::: >
< ::::::: ******** :: ******** ::::::: >
< ::::: **** **** **** **** ::::: >
< :::: **** **** **** :::: >
< ::: **** ** **** ::: >
< ::: **** **** ::: >
< :::: **** ***** :::: >
< ::::: **** **** ::::: >
< ::::::: **** **** ::::::: >
< ::::::::: **** **** ::::::::: >
< ::::::::::: **** **** ::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::: **** **** :::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::: **** **** ::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::: **** :::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::: ** ::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: >
< ::::::::: :::: ::::::::: >
< ::::::: ******** :: ******** ::::::: >
< ::::: **** **** **** **** ::::: >
< :::: **** **** **** :::: >
< ::: **** ** **** ::: >
< ::: **** **** ::: >
< :::: **** BE ***** :::: >
< ::::: **** **** ::::: >
< ::::::: **** MINE! **** ::::::: >
< ::::::::: **** **** ::::::::: >
< ::::::::::: **** **** ::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::: **** **** :::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::: **** **** ::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::: **** :::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::: ** ::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()
XOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOX
O:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::O
X::::::::: ::::: :::::::::X
O::::::: ********* : ********* :::::::O
X::::: ***** ***** ***** ***** :::::X
O:::: **** ******* **** ::::O
X::: **** *** **** :::X
O::: **** * **** :::O
X:::: **** **** ::::X
O::::: **** **** :::::O
X::::::: **** **** :::::::X
O::::::::: **** **** :::::::::O
X::::::::::: **** **** :::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::: **** **** ::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::: **** **** :::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::::::::: ***** ::::::::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::::::::: * :::::::::::::::::::::::X
O::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
OXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXO Jittlov
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-
__ __ __ __
.*. /~ .~\ /~ ~\ /~ .~\ /~ ~\
*** ' `\/' * ' `\/' *
V ( .*)( . *)
/\|/\ \ Patrick . *./ \ Mary . *./
| `\ . . .*/' `\ . . .*/' .*.
| `\ * .*. */' _ _ `\ * .*. */' ***
`\ * */' ( `\/'*) `\ * */' /\V
`\/' \ */' `\/' |/\
`\/' |
LOVES
__ __ __ __
.*. /~ .~\ /~ ~\ /~ .~\ /~ ~\
*** ' `\/' * ' `\/' *
V ( .*)( . *)
/\|/\ \ . *./ \ . *./
| `\ . . .*/' `\ . . .*/' .*.
| `\ * .*. */' _ _ `\ * .*. */' ***
`\ * */' ( `\/'*) `\ * */' /\V
`\/' \ */' `\/' |/\
`\/' |
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;xXXxXXxXXxXXxXXx;;;. .,. .;;;xXXxXXxXXxXXxXX;;;;;
.,,.`xXX' `xXXx,;;;;;,xXXx' `XXx;;,,.
;;;;xXX' `xXXx;xXXx' `XXx;;;;
`;;XX' `XXX' `XX;;'
,;;,XX `X' XX,;;,
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
``.;XX, ,XX;,''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
```.;XX, ,XX;,'''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
```,;XX, ,XX;,'''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
````,;XX, ,XX;, '''
;;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
`````,;XX, ,XX;,'''' -Susie Oviatt-
;;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;;
`````;;XX;;'''''
`;;;;'
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;;
.,,.`oOOo' `OoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoO' `oOOo;',,.
;;;;oOOo' ,;;;, `OoOOo;oOOoO' ,;;;, `oOOo;;;;
`;;OOoO' ;;;' `OOO' `;;; `OoOO;;'
,;;,OOoO ;; " ;; OoOO,;;,
;;;;OOoO `; ,;;. ;' OoOO;;;;
``.;OOoO, `; ` ;; .;;. ;; ;; .;;, ;' ,OoOO;,''
;;;;OOoO, ;; ; ; `; ;' ;..' ,OoOO;;;;
```.;OOoO, ;,;;, `;;' `;' `;;' ,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO, ' ', , ,OoOO;;;;
```,;OOoO,. '' .,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;, '''
;;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
`````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;,''''
;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;; -Susie Oviatt-
`````;;OO;;'''''
`;;;;'
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;;
.,,.`oOOo' `OoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoO' ,;;. `oOOo;',,.
;;;;oOOo' ,;;;, `OoOOo;oOOoO' ` ;; ,;`oOOo;;;;
`;;OOoO' ;;;' .;;. `OOO' .;;. ;;,;' `OoOO;;'
,;;,OOoO ;; ,;; ; ; " ;; ;;`;, OoOO,;;,
;;;;OOoO ;; ; `;;' ,;;. ;; ;; ';;' ;; '; OoOO;;;;
``.;OOoO, ``;;;' .;;. .;;. ` ;; `; ;' , ;' ,OoOO;,''
;;;;OOoO, ; ; ;; ` ;; `;;' '' ,OoOO;;;;
```.;OOoO, `;;' ;; ;,;;, ,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO, .;;;; ' ', , ,OoOO;;;;
```,;OOoO,. ; ;; '' .,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO,. `;;' .;;;, .,OoOO;;;;
````,;OOoO,. `;;;' .,OoOO;, '''
;;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
`````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;,''''
;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;; Heart by Susie Oviatt
`````;;OO;;''''' 'L' and 'o' by Susie
`;;;;' and the rest of the letters
Phillip J. Perri
,d88b.d88b,
88888888888
`Y8888888Y'
`Y888Y' -Bungle-
`Y'
d8b d8b
888888888
`Y88888P' "Small Heart"
`Y888P' David S. Issel
`Y8P'
`Y'
d8b d8b
8888b 98888
`Y88P d88P'
`Y8Pd88P' "Broken Heart"
`Y888P' David S. Issel
`Y8P'
`Y'
****** ******
********** **********
************* *************
*****************************
*****************************
*****************************
***************************
***********************
*******************
***************
***********
*******
***
*
****** ******
********** **********
************* *************
*****************************
*****************************
*****************************
***************************
***********************
*******************
***************
***********
*******
***
*
@@@@@@ @@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@
@@@
@
@@@@@@ @@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@@@@@
@@@@@@@
@@@
@
________ ________
/ ______ \ / ______ \
/ / \ \ / / \ \
/ / \ " / \ \
| | \ / | |
| | " | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | |
| |
|
hi, my honey.
i'm really happy that
my mailbox is full of those
pretty hearts every day. so,
i just thought i would return
the favor, just in case you'd
not yet realized just how i
love you. you are just
so very, very, very
extraordinarily
special and
i adore
you
!
| \ \ | |/ /
| |\ `' ' /
| ;'aorta \ / , pulmonary
| ; _, | / / , arteries
superior | | ( `-.;_,-' '-' ,
vena cava | `, `-._ _,-'_
|,-`. `.) ,<_,-'_, pulmonary
,' `. / ,' `;-' _, veins
; `./ /`, \-'
| right / | ;\ |\
| atrium ;_,._|_, `, ' \
| \ \ ` `,
` __ ` \ left ;,
\ ,' ` \, ventricle
\_( ;, ;;
| \ `;, ;;
inferior | |`. `;;, ;'
vena cava | | `-. ;;;;,;'
| | |`-.._ ,;;;;;'
| | | | ``';;;' FL
aorta
____
From: aa906@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Steve Wendt)
/~~\ /~~~\--\ _,/---\. __
/~| _|--~~"-\ | / _-|-----\< \
/~~-> /~ | \/-\/~~ ~\./\\.
| / | / / | | ~~--->->
/~~/ /// |/,_,-=~~/
| | |/ |~~| /
'\ | V L_/ '
./~~| / |
| | L. /
\--| . / \
| \ \ _/ /
, '--~\ ,_--~\ // <
, \ \ /-~ | ./~ /
; \ \._/~~| ' ._/~/ ~~
\_.__>=|~ /~~\ .=/~~ _/
-~/ / | / >, ./-~ |
/ / | '~~| '\>\ ,/\. /~
'\_/| \, ./ |~-~
|__|/\/ ~-~'
| |
\ _ /
LoveLoveLov eLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLove LoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
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ve
Newsgroup: alt.ascii-art, article: 8580
Newsgroups: alt.romance.chat,alt.ascii-art
stud.cs.uit.no (The Last Viking) Paal D. Ekran
Date: Mon, 25 Apr 1994 11:24:15 GMT
Organization: University of Tromsoe
LOVELOVELOV ELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVE LOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELO
VE
take your pick.......
love love l ove love lo
ve love love love love love love lov
e love love love love l ove love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love l ove love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love l
ove love love love love love love love
love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love lov
e love love love love love
love love love love lo
ve love love love lo
ve love love love
love love love
love love
love lo
ve
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXMMMXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOO OOOOO OOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO H A P P Y O H A P P Y OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO V A L E N T I N E ' S D A Y ! OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOO OOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXMMMMM
MMMMM
MMM
M Jittlov
___
erehwon.caltech.edu (Mike Jittlov)
Date: 10 Sep 1994 09:47:27 GMT
|
||
--\ \||
--\ \||
--\ \||
--\ \|
--\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXX:::::XXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXX::::::::XXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXX:::::::::::XXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXX:::::::::::::::XXXXMMM MMMXXXX::::::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::XXXMMMXXX:::::::::::.....:::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::::::XXXXX:::::::::...........::::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::.......:::::::::X::::::::...... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::::..............:::::::::::....... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::..................:::::....... ...::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.....................:............ ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.................................... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::...................................... .....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::....................................... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::.............................................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::............................................::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX::::::::..........................................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::::.......................................:::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::::::...................................::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::::..............................::::::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::.........................::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::::...................::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::::::.............::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::.......::::::::::::::XXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXX::::::::::::::::...::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::::\::::XXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::::::::::\ \XXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::XXXX\ \XXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXX\ \MMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMM\ \
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM \ \
MMMMMXMMMMM \ \
MMMMM \ \ \
MMM \ \ \\
M \\\\\\\
\\\\\
\\\
\
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXX:::::XXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXX::::.oooOXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXX:::::::::::XXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXX:::::::( ):::XXXXMMM MMMXXXX::::::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::\ (:::::::XXXMMMXXX:::::::::::.....:::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::::\_):::Oooo.XXXXX:::::::::...........::::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::.......::( )::X::::::::...... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::::......oooO...) /:::::::::....... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::......( )..(_/..:::::....... ...::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::........\ (..........:............ ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.........\_)..Oooo.................. ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::..............( )................... .....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::........oooO...) /..................... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::......( )..(_/.............................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::......\ (...................................::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX::::::::......\_)..Oooo...........................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::::.........( ).........................:::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::::::.oooO...) /........................::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::( )..(_/......................::::::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::\ (.........................::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::\_)::Oooo...............::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::::::( )...........::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX:::::.oooO:::) /::.......::::::::::::::XXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXX::( )::(_/::::...::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXX\ (::::::::::::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXX\_)::::::::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::XXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM Heart by unknown
MMMMMXMMMMM Footprints by unknown
MMMMM Compilation by:
MMM PERRIP
M
.- - - - - -,
`"""""""""";
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;, `"""""""";
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;; ///""""";
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOO ///. `""";
.,,.`oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoOOOOOOOOOOO#OoOOo;',,. `"'
;;;;oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOo;oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OoOOo;;;;
`;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;;'
,;;,OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##oOoOO,;;,
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;;;;
``.;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;,''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOO#OOoOO;;;;
```.;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
```,;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
````,;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;, '''
.////;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
.////' ````,;OOoOOOOOOOOoOO;,''''
.////' ;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;;
.////' `````;;OO;;''''' -Susie Oviatt-
.///' `;;;;'
///'
OOOOO OOOOO
OO OOO OOO OO
OO OOO OOO OO
OOO OOOO OOO
OOOOOO OO OOOOOO OOOOOO OO OOOOOO
OOOO OOOOO OOOO OOOO OOOOO OOOO
OOOOO VVVVVV VVVVVV OOOOO
VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
XXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXVVVVVVVVVVVVVVXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX VVVVVVVVVVVV XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXX VVVVVVVVVV XXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX VV XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX
X X XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX X X
X XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX X
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX
XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXX
XXX XXXXX XXXXX XXX
XXXX XXXX
Richard Au
Laura Fefferman < shalom @ csd4.csd.uwm.edu >
_ _
_______________ |*\_/*|________
| ___________ | .-. .-. ||_/-\_|______ |
| | | | .****. .****. | | | |
| | 0 0 | | .*****.*****. | | 0 0 | |
| | - | | .*********. | | - | |
| | \___/ | | .*******. | | \___/ | |
| |___ ___| | .*****. | |___________| |
|_____|\_/|_____| .***. |_______________|
_|__|/ \|_|_.............*.............._|________|_
/ ********** \ / ********** \
/ ************ \ / ************ \
-------------------- --------------------
_ _
_______________ |*\_/*|________
| ___________ | ||_/-\_|______ |
| | | | | | | |
| | 0 0 | | | | 0 0 | |
| | - | | /~`~\/~`~\. | | - | |
| | \___/ | | ( E-mail ) | | \___/ | |
| |___ ___| | `\ Cuddle / | |___________| |
|_____|\_/|_____| `\ /' |_______________|
_|__|/ \|_|_.............`\/'............._|________|_
/ ********** \ / ********** \
/ ************ \ / ************ \
-------------------- --------------------
Original Artist Laura Fefferman(?), heart modified by Sir Isle
shedevil@vix.com (Anne P. Mitchell, JD)
H A P P Y V A L E N T I N E ' S
D A Y
ff ff
f f f f
f f f f
f f f
f YOUR LOVE f
f AND f
f YOU f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f
@@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
\\\\ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
------@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-------->
//// @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
ff ff
f f f f
f f f f
f f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f
_ _ _*_
( V ) \|/ (\|/)
\ / | \|/
V V
___
/ | \
/\ | /\
( \|/ )
\ | /
\_|_/
~
***** *****
**** **** **** ****
*** *** *** ***
** *** **
** * **
** **
*** **
*** ***
*** ***
**** ****
**** ****
*** ***
*****
* jgreen@trumpet.aix.calpoly.edu
||
___\||
____\| %%% %%%
\ % % % %
\% % % %
%\ % % %
% \ % %
% \ BE MY %
% \ %
% VALENTINE %
% \ %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %\
% % \ ||
% __\||
___\|
*** ***
* * * *
* * * *
* * *
* *
>>>-------- *---->
* *
* *
* *
* *
* *
*
From: Besty Lasarow
##############################################################################
# C.Chipmunk ########## ## ## ######### ## ## ####################D \2/ M####
# at SU-LOTS ####### ########## ##### ######### ##################E | A####
################### ############# # ############# ################C | I####
################### ############## ############## ################ /0\ L####
################### ############################# ################two bits####
################### ############################# ############################
#################### #### y.yduJ@SU-LOTS ##### ##############################
##################### ######################## ###############################
####################### ##################### ################################
######################### ################# ##################################
########################### ############# ####################################
############################## ####### #######################################
################################ ### #########################################
################################## ###########################################
##############################################################################
* * * * * *
* * * *
* Judy, * * *
* * *
* *
* Happy valentine's day *
* *
* Love, *
* *
* Betsy *
* *
* *
* *
*
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
/ V \ / V \ / V \ / V \
| | | | | | | |
\ / \ / \ / \ /
\ / \ / \ / \ /
* * * *
MMMMMM MMMMMMM III KKK
MMMMMM MMMMMM IIIII K KKKK
MMMMM MMMMM II CCCC KKK
MMMMMM MMM MM CCC CCC KKK KKKK
MMMMMMMMMM MMM IIII CCC CCC KKK KKK EEEE YYYYY YYYYYY
MMMM MM MMM III CCC KKK KK EEE EEE YYYY YYY
MMMM MMMM III CCC KKKKK EEE EEE YYY YY
MMMM MMMM III CCC CCC KKK KK EEEEEEEEEE YYY Y
MMMMM MMMMM III CCC CCC KKK KKK EEE YYY
MMMMMMM MMMMMMII I CCCC KKKK KKK EEE EEE YYY
IIIIIII KKKK KKKK EEEE YYY
YY
YY DDDDDD
YYYYY YY DDDD
| YYYY YY DDDD
-\| YYYY DDD
-\| ******** ******** DD
-\ *********** *********** DD
\************* ************* DDDDD DD
*\*************************** DDD DDDDDD
**\************************** DDD DD
***\************************* DDD DD
*************************** DDD DDDD
************************* DDDDD DDDD
***********************
*********************
******************* UUUU UUUU
***************** UUUU UUUU
*************** UUU UUU
************* UUU UUU
*********** UUU UUU JJJJJJJ
********* UUUUUUUU JJJJJJ
******* UUUUUU JJJJ
***** JJJJ
***\ JJJJ
* \ JJJJ
\ JJJ
\| JJJ
-` JJJ
JJJJJJJ JJJJ
JJJJJJ JJJ
JJJJJJ JJJJ
Kent Pitman (kmp@harlequin.com) JJJJJ JJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJ
</pre>
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```
..... .....
,ad8PPPP88b, ,d88PPPP8ba,
d8P" "Y8b, ,d8P" "Y8b
dP' "8a8" `Yd
8( " )8
I8 8I
Yb, ,dP
"8a, ,a8"
"8a, ,a8"
"Yba adP" Norman Veilleux/Ryan Harding
`Y8a a8P'
`88, ,88'
"8b d8"
"8b d8"
`888'
"
____
From: Nveilleu@emr1.emr.ca (Normand Veilleux)
_____ _____
,ad8PPPP88b, ,d88PPPP8ba,
d8P" "Y8b, ,d8P" "Y8b
dP' "8a8" `Yd
8( " )8
I8 8I
Yb, ,dP
"8a, ,a8"
"8a, ,a8"
"Yba adP"
`Y8a a8P'
`88, ,88'
"8b d8" Normand
"8b d8" Veilleux
`888'
"
___
From: zombie@camelot.bradley.edu (Dustin Slater)
*********** ***********
***************** *****************
********************* *********************
*********************** ***********************
************************ ************************
************************* *************************
**************************************************
************************************************
********************************************
****************************************
**********************************
******************************
************************
********************
**************
**********
******
**
ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOUILO ****** VEYOU ****** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOU *********** I *********** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEY
OUIUI *************** *************** VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
YOUI ********************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUI
IL ************************************* OVEYOUILOVEYOUI
L *************I**LOVE**YOU*!************ OVEYOUILOVEYOU
I *************************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYO
U *************************************** ILOVEYOUILOVEY
OU ************************************* ILOVEYOUILOVEYO
UIL *********************************** OVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
OVEYO ******************************* ULOVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
OVEYOUI **************************** LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOV
EYOUILOVE *********************** YOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
VEYOUILOVEYOU ***************** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU
ILOVEYOUILOVEYO ************* LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
UILOVEYOUILOVEYOU ********* LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
LOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOV ***** ILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEY
EYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU *** YOULOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVE
VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOU * VEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILO
OVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUILOVEYOUIL
/|_
........ / |_ ........
.........../ /............
............/ >..............
.............( >................
............./ /..................
............./ /.....................
............/ /.....................
.........__/ \_____.................
......./' |................
......./ /-\ /...............
...../ / \--/................
.../ /.......................
/ /.....................
( >....................
/ >...................
/ _| .................
/ __/ .............
/_/ .........
.....
...
.
____
From: Judy Anderson
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: >
< ::::::::: :::: ::::::::: >
< ::::::: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* :: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ::::::: >
< ::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::: >
< :::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::: >
< ::: \*\*\*\* \*\* \*\*\*\* ::: >
< ::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::: >
< :::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* :::: >
< ::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::: >
< ::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::: >
< ::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::: >
< ::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* :::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::: \*\* ::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::: :::::::::::: :::::::::::: >
< ::::::::: :::: ::::::::: >
< ::::::: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* :: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* ::::::: >
< ::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::: >
< :::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::: >
< ::: \*\*\*\* \*\* \*\*\*\* ::: >
< ::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::: >
< :::: \*\*\*\* BE \*\*\*\*\* :::: >
< ::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::: >
< ::::::: \*\*\*\* MINE! \*\*\*\* ::::::: >
< ::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::: >
< ::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* :::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::: \*\* ::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
< :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: >
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XOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOX
O:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::: ::::::::: ::::::::::::O
X::::::::: ::::: :::::::::X
O::::::: \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* : \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* :::::::O
X::::: \*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\* :::::X
O:::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::O
X::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::X
O::: \*\*\*\* \* \*\*\*\* :::O
X:::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::X
O::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::O
X::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::X
O::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::::O
X::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* ::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* :::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::::::::: \*\*\*\*\* ::::::::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::::::::: \* :::::::::::::::::::::::X
O::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
O:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::O
X:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::X
OXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXOXO Jittlov
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=--=-=-=-=-=-
\_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_
.\*. /~ .~\ /~ ~\ /~ .~\ /~ ~\
\*\*\* ' `\/' \* ' `\/' \*
V ( .\*)( . \*)
/\|/\ \ Patrick . \*./ \ Mary . \*./
| `\ . . .\*/' `\ . . .\*/' .\*.
| `\ \* .\*. \*/' \_ \_ `\ \* .\*. \*/' \*\*\*
`\ \* \*/' ( `\/'\*) `\ \* \*/' /\V
`\/' \ \*/' `\/' |/\
`\/' |
LOVES
\_\_ \_\_ \_\_ \_\_
.\*. /~ .~\ /~ ~\ /~ .~\ /~ ~\
\*\*\* ' `\/' \* ' `\/' \*
V ( .\*)( . \*)
/\|/\ \ . \*./ \ . \*./
| `\ . . .\*/' `\ . . .\*/' .\*.
| `\ \* .\*. \*/' \_ \_ `\ \* .\*. \*/' \*\*\*
`\ \* \*/' ( `\/'\*) `\ \* \*/' /\V
`\/' \ \*/' `\/' |/\
`\/' |
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;xXXxXXxXXxXXxXXx;;;. .,. .;;;xXXxXXxXXxXXxXX;;;;;
.,,.`xXX' `xXXx,;;;;;,xXXx' `XXx;;,,.
;;;;xXX' `xXXx;xXXx' `XXx;;;;
`;;XX' `XXX' `XX;;'
,;;,XX `X' XX,;;,
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
``.;XX, ,XX;,''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
```.;XX, ,XX;,'''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
```,;XX, ,XX;,'''
;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
````,;XX, ,XX;, '''
;;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;
`````,;XX, ,XX;,'''' -Susie Oviatt-
;;;;;XX, ,XX;;;;;
`````;;XX;;'''''
`;;;;'
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;;
.,,.`oOOo' `OoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoO' `oOOo;',,.
;;;;oOOo' ,;;;, `OoOOo;oOOoO' ,;;;, `oOOo;;;;
`;;OOoO' ;;;' `OOO' `;;; `OoOO;;'
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``.;OOoO, `; ` ;; .;;. ;; ;; .;;, ;' ,OoOO;,''
;;;;OOoO, ;; ; ; `; ;' ;..' ,OoOO;;;;
```.;OOoO, ;,;;, `;;' `;' `;;' ,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO, ' ', , ,OoOO;;;;
```,;OOoO,. '' .,OoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;, '''
;;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
`````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;,''''
;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;; -Susie Oviatt-
`````;;OO;;'''''
`;;;;'
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;,
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;;;.
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;;
.,,.`oOOo' `OoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoO' ,;;. `oOOo;',,.
;;;;oOOo' ,;;;, `OoOOo;oOOoO' ` ;; ,;`oOOo;;;;
`;;OOoO' ;;;' .;;. `OOO' .;;. ;;,;' `OoOO;;'
,;;,OOoO ;; ,;; ; ; " ;; ;;`;, OoOO,;;,
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``.;OOoO, ``;;;' .;;. .;;. ` ;; `; ;' , ;' ,OoOO;,''
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;;;;OOoO,. `;;' .;;;, .,OoOO;;;;
````,;OOoO,. `;;;' .,OoOO;, '''
;;;;;OOoO,. .,OoOO;;;;
`````,;OOoO,. .,OoOO;,''''
;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;; Heart by Susie Oviatt
`````;;OO;;''''' 'L' and 'o' by Susie
`;;;;' and the rest of the letters
Phillip J. Perri
,d88b.d88b,
88888888888
`Y8888888Y'
`Y888Y' -Bungle-
`Y'
d8b d8b
888888888
`Y88888P' "Small Heart"
`Y888P' David S. Issel
`Y8P'
`Y'
d8b d8b
8888b 98888
`Y88P d88P'
`Y8Pd88P' "Broken Heart"
`Y888P' David S. Issel
`Y8P'
`Y'
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\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
/ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \ / \_\_\_\_\_\_ \
/ / \ \ / / \ \
/ / \ " / \ \
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| | " | |
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| | | |
| | | |
| | |
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|
hi, my honey.
i'm really happy that
my mailbox is full of those
pretty hearts every day. so,
i just thought i would return
the favor, just in case you'd
not yet realized just how i
love you. you are just
so very, very, very
extraordinarily
special and
i adore
you
!
| \ \ | |/ /
| |\ `' ' /
| ;'aorta \ / , pulmonary
| ; \_, | / / , arteries
superior | | ( `-.;\_,-' '-' ,
vena cava | `, `-.\_ \_,-'\_
|,-`. `.) ,<\_,-'\_, pulmonary
,' `. / ,' `;-' \_, veins
; `./ /`, \-'
| right / | ;\ |\
| atrium ;\_,.\_|\_, `, ' \
| \ \ ` `,
` \_\_ ` \ left ;,
\ ,' ` \, ventricle
\\_( ;, ;;
| \ `;, ;;
inferior | |`. `;;, ;'
vena cava | | `-. ;;;;,;'
| | |`-..\_ ,;;;;;'
| | | | ``';;;' FL
aorta
\_\_\_\_
From: aa906@FreeNet.Carleton.CA (Steve Wendt)
/~~\ /~~~\--\ \_,/---\. \_\_
/~| \_|--~~"-\ | / \_-|-----\< \
/~~-> /~ | \/-\/~~ ~\./\\.
| / | / / | | ~~--->->
/~~/ /// |/,\_,-=~~/
| | |/ |~~| /
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| \ \ \_/ /
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, \ \ /-~ | ./~ /
; \ \.\_/~~| ' .\_/~/ ~~
\\_.\_\_>=|~ /~~\ .=/~~ \_/
-~/ / | / >, ./-~ |
/ / | '~~| '\>\ ,/\. /~
'\\_/| \, ./ |~-~
|\_\_|/\/ ~-~'
| |
\ \_ /
LoveLoveLov eLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLove LoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLo
veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveL oveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
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LoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
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veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
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veLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLoveLove
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veLoveLoveLo
ve
Newsgroup: alt.ascii-art, article: 8580
Newsgroups: alt.romance.chat,alt.ascii-art
stud.cs.uit.no (The Last Viking) Paal D. Ekran
Date: Mon, 25 Apr 1994 11:24:15 GMT
Organization: University of Tromsoe
LOVELOVELOV ELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVE LOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVEL OVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVE
LOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELOVELOVELO
VELOVELOVELO
VE
take your pick.......
love love l ove love lo
ve love love love love love love lov
e love love love love l ove love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love l ove love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love love love love love
love love love love love love love love l
ove love love love love love love love
love love love love love love lov
e love love love love love lov
e love love love love love
love love love love lo
ve love love love lo
ve love love love
love love love
love love
love lo
ve
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXMMMXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOO OOOOO OOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO H A P P Y O H A P P Y OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO V A L E N T I N E ' S D A Y ! OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOO OOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOXXXMMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXMMM
MMMXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXXXXOOOOOOOOOXXXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXOXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXMMMMM
MMMMM
MMM
M Jittlov
\_\_\_
erehwon.caltech.edu (Mike Jittlov)
Date: 10 Sep 1994 09:47:27 GMT
|
||
--\ \||
--\ \||
--\ \||
--\ \|
--\ \
\ \
\ \
\ \
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXX:::::XXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXX::::::::XXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXX:::::::::::XXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXX:::::::::::::::XXXXMMM MMMXXXX::::::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::XXXMMMXXX:::::::::::.....:::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::::::XXXXX:::::::::...........::::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::.......:::::::::X::::::::...... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::::..............:::::::::::....... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::..................:::::....... ...::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.....................:............ ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.................................... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::...................................... .....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::....................................... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::.............................................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::............................................::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX::::::::..........................................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::::.......................................:::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::::::...................................::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::::..............................::::::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::.........................::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::::...................::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX:::::::::::::::::.............::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::.......::::::::::::::XXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXX::::::::::::::::...::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXX::::::::::::::::::::::\::::XXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::::::::::\ \XXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::XXXX\ \XXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXX\ \MMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMM\ \
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM \ \
MMMMMXMMMMM \ \
MMMMM \ \ \
MMM \ \ \\
M \\\\\\\
\\\\\
\\\
\
MMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM MMMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM MMMMMMXXXXXX:::::XXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXXX::::.oooOXXXXXMMMM MMMMXXXXXX:::::::::::XXXXXMMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXX:::::::( ):::XXXXMMM MMMXXXX::::::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX::::::::::\ (:::::::XXXMMMXXX:::::::::::.....:::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::::\\_):::Oooo.XXXXX:::::::::...........::::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX:::::::::::.......::( )::X::::::::...... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::::......oooO...) /:::::::::....... ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::......( )..(\_/..:::::....... ...::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::........\ (..........:............ ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::.........\\_)..Oooo.................. ....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXX:::::::..............( )................... .....::::XXXMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::........oooO...) /..................... ......::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::......( )..(\_/.............................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::......\ (...................................::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX::::::::......\\_)..Oooo...........................::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXX::::::::::.........( ).........................:::::XXXMMM
MMMMXXXX:::::::::::.oooO...) /........................::::::XXXMMMM
MMMXXXXX::::::::::( )..(\_/......................::::::::XXXXMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::\ (.........................::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::\\_)::Oooo...............::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXX::::::::::::::( )...........::::::::::::::XXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXX:::::.oooO:::) /::.......::::::::::::::XXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXX::( )::(\_/::::...::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMXXXXXXXXX\ (::::::::::::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXXMMMM
MMMMMXXXXXXX\\_)::::::::::::::::::::XXXXXXXXXMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:::::::::XXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXX:XXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXMMMMMM
MMMMMMXXXXXXXMMMMMM Heart by unknown
MMMMMXMMMMM Footprints by unknown
MMMMM Compilation by:
MMM PERRIP
M
.- - - - - -,
`"""""""""";
.;;;, .;;;, .;;;, .;;;, `"""""""";
.;;;,;;;;;,;;;;;,.;;;, .;;;.,;;;;;,;;;;;,;; ///""""";
;;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOOo;;;. .,. .;;;oOOoOOoOOoOOoOO ///. `""";
.,,.`oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOo,;;;;;,oOOoOOOOOOOOOOO#OoOOo;',,. `"'
;;;;oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOOo;oOOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OoOOo;;;;
`;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;;'
,;;,OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##oOoOO,;;,
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;;;;
``.;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO##OOoOO;,''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOO#OOoOO;;;;
```.;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOO///oOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
```,;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;,'''
;;;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
````,;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;, '''
.////;;OOoOOOOOOOOOOOOOOoOO;;;;
.////' ````,;OOoOOOOOOOOoOO;,''''
.////' ;;;;;OOoOOoOO;;;;;
.////' `````;;OO;;''''' -Susie Oviatt-
.///' `;;;;'
///'
OOOOO OOOOO
OO OOO OOO OO
OO OOO OOO OO
OOO OOOO OOO
OOOOOO OO OOOOOO OOOOOO OO OOOOOO
OOOO OOOOO OOOO OOOO OOOOO OOOO
OOOOO VVVVVV VVVVVV OOOOO
VVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVVVV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
XXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXVVVVVVVVVVVVVVXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX VVVVVVVVVVVV XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXX VVVVVVVVVV XXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX VVVV XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX VV XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX
X X XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX X X
X XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX X
XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXX
XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXX
XXX XXXXX XXXXX XXX
XXXX XXXX
Richard Au
Laura Fefferman < shalom @ csd4.csd.uwm.edu >
\_ \_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |\*\\_/\*|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | .-. .-. ||\_/-\\_|\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| | | | .\*\*\*\*. .\*\*\*\*. | | | |
| | 0 0 | | .\*\*\*\*\*.\*\*\*\*\*. | | 0 0 | |
| | - | | .\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*. | | - | |
| | \\_\_\_/ | | .\*\*\*\*\*\*\*. | | \\_\_\_/ | |
| |\_\_\_ \_\_\_| | .\*\*\*\*\*. | |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_| |
|\_\_\_\_\_|\\_/|\_\_\_\_\_| .\*\*\*. |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_|
\_|\_\_|/ \|\_|\_.............\*..............\_|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_|\_
/ \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \ / \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \
/ \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \ / \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \
-------------------- --------------------
\_ \_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ |\*\\_/\*|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
| \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | ||\_/-\\_|\_\_\_\_\_\_ |
| | | | | | | |
| | 0 0 | | | | 0 0 | |
| | - | | /~`~\/~`~\. | | - | |
| | \\_\_\_/ | | ( E-mail ) | | \\_\_\_/ | |
| |\_\_\_ \_\_\_| | `\ Cuddle / | |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_| |
|\_\_\_\_\_|\\_/|\_\_\_\_\_| `\ /' |\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_|
\_|\_\_|/ \|\_|\_.............`\/'.............\_|\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_|\_
/ \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \ / \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \
/ \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \ / \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \
-------------------- --------------------
Original Artist Laura Fefferman(?), heart modified by Sir Isle
shedevil@vix.com (Anne P. Mitchell, JD)
H A P P Y V A L E N T I N E ' S
D A Y
ff ff
f f f f
f f f f
f f f
f YOUR LOVE f
f AND f
f YOU f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f
@@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@ @@@
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
\\\\ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
------@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-----@ )---( @-------->
//// @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
ff ff
f f f f
f f f f
f f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f f
f
\_ \_ \_\*\_
( V ) \|/ (\|/)
\ / | \|/
V V
\_\_\_
/ | \
/\ | /\
( \|/ )
\ | /
\\_|\_/
~
\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*
\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*
\*\*\* \*\*\* \*\*\* \*\*\*
\*\* \*\*\* \*\*
\*\* \* \*\*
\*\* \*\*
\*\*\* \*\*
\*\*\* \*\*\*
\*\*\* \*\*\*
\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*
\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*
\*\*\* \*\*\*
\*\*\*\*\*
\* jgreen@trumpet.aix.calpoly.edu
||
\_\_\_\||
\_\_\_\_\| %%% %%%
\ % % % %
\% % % %
%\ % % %
% \ % %
% \ BE MY %
% \ %
% VALENTINE %
% \ %
% %
% %
% %
% %
% %\
% % \ ||
% \_\_\||
\_\_\_\|
\*\*\* \*\*\*
\* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \*
\* \* \*
\* \*
>>>-------- \*---->
\* \*
\* \*
\* \*
\* \*
\* \*
\*
From: Besty Lasarow
##############################################################################
# C.Chipmunk ########## ## ## ######### ## ## ####################D \2/ M####
# at SU-LOTS ####### ########## ##### ######### ##################E | A####
################### ############# # ############# ################C | I####
################### ############## ############## ################ /0\ L####
################### ############################# ################two bits####
################### ############################# ############################
#################### #### y.yduJ@SU-LOTS ##### ##############################
##################### ######################## ###############################
####################### ##################### ################################
######################### ################# ##################################
########################### ############# ####################################
############################## ####### #######################################
################################ ### #########################################
################################## ###########################################
##############################################################################
\* \* \* \* \* \*
\* \* \* \*
\* Judy, \* \* \*
\* \* \*
\* \*
\* Happy valentine's day \*
\* \*
\* Love, \*
\* \*
\* Betsy \*
\* \*
\* \*
\* \*
\*
\_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_ \_
/ V \ / V \ / V \ / V \
| | | | | | | |
\ / \ / \ / \ /
\ / \ / \ / \ /
\* \* \* \*
MMMMMM MMMMMMM III KKK
MMMMMM MMMMMM IIIII K KKKK
MMMMM MMMMM II CCCC KKK
MMMMMM MMM MM CCC CCC KKK KKKK
MMMMMMMMMM MMM IIII CCC CCC KKK KKK EEEE YYYYY YYYYYY
MMMM MM MMM III CCC KKK KK EEE EEE YYYY YYY
MMMM MMMM III CCC KKKKK EEE EEE YYY YY
MMMM MMMM III CCC CCC KKK KK EEEEEEEEEE YYY Y
MMMMM MMMMM III CCC CCC KKK KKK EEE YYY
MMMMMMM MMMMMMII I CCCC KKKK KKK EEE EEE YYY
IIIIIII KKKK KKKK EEEE YYY
YY
YY DDDDDD
YYYYY YY DDDD
| YYYY YY DDDD
-\| YYYY DDD
-\| \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DD
-\ \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DD
\\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* \*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDDDD DD
\*\\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDD DDDDDD
\*\*\\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDD DD
\*\*\*\\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDD DD
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDD DDDD
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* DDDDD DDDD
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUUU UUUU
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUUU UUUU
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUU UUU
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUU UUU
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUU UUU JJJJJJJ
\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUUUUUUU JJJJJJ
\*\*\*\*\*\*\* UUUUUU JJJJ
\*\*\*\*\* JJJJ
\*\*\*\ JJJJ
\* \ JJJJ
\ JJJ
\| JJJ
-` JJJ
JJJJJJJ JJJJ
JJJJJJ JJJ
JJJJJJ JJJJ
Kent Pitman (kmp@harlequin.com) JJJJJ JJJJ
JJJJJJJJJJ
```
Group 1 -
[Group 2](./hearts2.html) -
[Group 3](./hearts3.html) -
[Group 4](./hearts4.html)
[![[Next]](./images/navButtonRight.png)](./hearts2.html)
[](http://www.pinterest.com/pin/create/button/?url=http%3A%2F%2Floveascii.com%2Fhearts.html&media=http%3A%2F%2Floveascii.com%2Fimages%2Fshare_hearts.jpg&description=The%20hearts%20section%20of%20The%20Big%20Collection%20of%20Love%20ASCII%20Art%20(http%3A%2F%2FLoveAscii.com).)
There are lots more hearts on the other pages of this site!
For another ASCII Art site with hearts, you can check out
[asciiworld's heart section](http://www.asciiworld.com/-Hearts-.html).
---
(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});
The ASCII art on this site was created by a large number of artists, and credit has been given where the artist is known.
If you use artwork from here, please do not remove the artist's name/initials if they are present.
Website by Islander of [Island Buttons](http://islandbuttons.com).
var navigation = responsiveNav("sidenavlist", {customToggle: ".nav-toggle"});
| http://loveascii.com/hearts.html |
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta name="keywords" content="tv size comparison, tv screen size comparison, screen size comparison, lcd size comparison, compare tv sizes" />
<meta name="description" content="Visually compare televisions of different sizes and aspect ratios. Easily see the size difference between Plasma and LCD displays of various sizes." /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="GScape3.css" media="screen"/>
<title>Visual TV Size Comparison : Display Wars</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="MainWrapperBlack">
<div id="WrapperGray">
<div id="Header">
<div style="HEIGHT:85px"></DIV>
<div id="HeaderMenus">
<ul>
<li><a href=".">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="iPhone7-vs-iPhone7Plus" title="Screen size comparison between iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus">iPhone 7 vs 7 Plus</a></li>
<li><a href="quick">Quick Comparisons</a></li>
<li><a href="credits">Credits</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="RightColumn">
<div id="RightOneTopRight" class="TopRight"></div>
<div id="RightOneTopLeft" class="TopLeft"></div>
<div id="RightOne" class="RightContents">
<h3>Uses</h3>
<p><b>Choose between two sizes</b><br/>Can't decide between a <a href="50-inch-16x9-vs-65-inch-16x9">50 inch HD TV and a 65 inch 4K model</a> or a <a href="iPad-vs-NexusTablet">10 inch iPad and a 7 inch Android Tablet</a>? Display Wars will show you graphically just how big the size difference really is.</p>
<p><b>Compare your current TV</b><br/>Comparing a 42 inch LCD to a 55 inch in a store makes the 42 inch display look deceptively small. In your own home it can look a lot bigger. Use Display Wars to visually compare your current TV and it's potential replacements.
</p>
</div>
<div id="RightOneBottomRight" class="BottomRight"></div>
<div id="RightOneBottomLeft" class="BottomLeft"></div><br/>
<div id="RightTwoTopRight" class="TopRight"></div>
<div id="RightTwoTopLeft" class="TopLeft"></div>
<div id="RightTwo" class="RightContents">
<!-- google_ad_section_start(weight=ignore) -->
<h3>More Web Toys</h3>
<a href="http://www.asciiposter.com/">ASCII Poster</a><br/>
<a href="http://www.asciiposter.com">Make a Giant Poster</a><br/>
<div style="height:5px"></div>
<a href="http://www.labelmaker2600.com/">Label Maker 2600</a><br/>
<a href="http://www.labelmaker2600.com">Create Atari 2600 Labels</a><br/>
<!-- google_ad_section_end -->
</div>
<div id="RightTwoBottomRight" class="BottomRight"></div>
<div id="RightTwoBottomLeft" class="BottomLeft"></div>
<BR><CENTER><A HREF='privacy' STYLE='text-decoration: underline;'><B>Privacy Policy</B></a></CENTER>
</div>
<div id="LeftContainer">
<div id="LeftContents">
<div id="LeftOneTopRight" class="TopRight"></div>
<div id="LeftOneTopLeft" class="TopLeft"></div>
<h2>Screen Size Comparison</h2>
<div id="LeftOneBottomRight" class="BottomRight"></div>
<div id="LeftOneBottomLeft" class="BottomLeft"></div>
<SCRIPT>
function change_aspect()
{
var d1_aspect, d2_aspect;
d1_aspect = get_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id_d1_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id_d1_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
d2_aspect = get_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id_d2_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id_d2_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
if (d1_aspect=='OTH' || d2_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('row_xy').style.display = '';
if (d1_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('d1_xy').style.display = '';
} else {
document.getElementById('d1_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
if (d2_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('d2_xy').style.display = '';
} else {
document.getElementById('d2_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
} else {
document.getElementById('row_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
}
function show_help(i)
{
var help,field;
field = 'id_d'+i+'_aspect';
aspect = get_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById(field).options[document.getElementById(field).selectedIndex].value));
switch (aspect) {
case '16x9':
help = '<B>16 x 9 Widescreen</B> - The most common aspect ratio for new devices. Nearly all TVs and many Monitors, Tablets and Phones including iPhone 5.';
break;
case '16x10':
help = '<B>16 x 10 Widescreen</B> - Widescreen Monitors and Tablet Displays.';
break;
case '4x3':
help = '<B>4 x 3 Full Screen</B> - Older Televisions and Monitors. Now most famously used on the Apple iPad range.';
break;
case '3x2':
help = '<B>3 x 2 Mobile Phone</B> - Mobile Phones including Apple iPhone up to iPhone 4S. iPhone 5 uses a 16x9 display. Also film cameras and DSLRs.';
break;
case '5x3':
help = '<B>5 x 3 Mobile Phone</B> - Typically 800x480 phone displays such as Samsung Galaxy SII.';
break;
case '5x4':
help = '<B>5 x 4 Monitor</B> - Used in early Non Widescreen LCD monitors, particulary 17 and 19 inch models.';
break;
case '235x1':
help = '<B>2.35:1 Ultra Widescreen</B> - Some projector screens and super wide televisions.';
break;
case '21x9':
help = '<B>21 x 9 Ultra Widescreen</B> - Some projector screens and super wide televisions and monitors.';
break;
case '1x1':
help = '<B>1 x 1 Square</B> - Blackberry Passport and Eizo EV2730Q Monitor.';
break;
case 'OTH':
help = '<B>Other</B> - Enter any aspect ratio in the boxes below.';
break;
}
document.getElementById('aspect_hint').innerHTML = help;
document.getElementById('aspect_hint').style.display='';
}
function hide_help()
{
document.getElementById('aspect_hint').style.display='none';
}
function make_comparison_url()
{
var d1_size,d1_aspect,d1_units,d1_x,d1_y,d1_url;
var d2_size,d2_aspect,d2_units,d2_x,d2_y,d2_url;
var a,url;
d1_size = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d1_size').value);
d1_x = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d1_x').value);
d1_y = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d1_y').value);
d1_aspect = get_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id_d1_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id_d1_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
d1_units = get_unit(document.getElementById('id_d1_units').value);
if (d1_aspect=='OTH') {
d1_url = d1_size+'-'+d1_units+'-d{'+d1_x+'x'+d1_y+'}';
} else {
d1_url = d1_size+'-'+d1_units+'-'+d1_aspect;
}
d2_size = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d2_size').value);
d2_x = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d2_x').value);
d2_y = get_size(document.getElementById('id_d2_y').value);
d2_aspect = get_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id_d2_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id_d2_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
d2_units = get_unit(document.getElementById('id_d2_units').value);
if (d2_aspect=='OTH') {
d2_url = d2_size+'-'+d2_units+'-d{'+d2_x+'x'+d2_y+'}';
} else {
d2_url = d2_size+'-'+d2_units+'-'+d2_aspect;
}
url = d1_url+'-vs-'+d2_url;
document.location.href='http://www.displaywars.com/'+url;
}
function get_size(size)
{
if (isNaN(size))
size=1;
size = Math.abs(size);
if (size<.1)
size = .1;
if (size>100000)
size = 100000;
size+='';
size = size.replace('.',',');
return size;
}
function get_unit(unit)
{
if (unit==1)
return 'centimetre';
return 'inch';
}
function get_aspect(aspect)
{
switch (aspect) {
case 0:
return '16x9';
case 1:
return '16x10';
case 2:
return '4x3';
case 3:
return '235x1';
case 4:
return '3x2';
case 5:
return '5x4';
case 6:
return '21x9';
case 7:
return '5x3';
case 8:
return '1x1';
case 9:
return 'OTH';
case 10:
return '19,5x9';
default:
return '16x9';
}
}
function force_units(units)
{
document.cookie = 'force_units='+units+'; expires=Sun, 1 Jan 2040 12:00:00 UTC';
location.reload(true);
}
</SCRIPT><FORM ACTION="." method="POST" >
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" ID="id_process" NAME="process" VALUE="1">
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" ID="id_d1_special" NAME="d1_special" VALUE="">
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" ID="id_d2_special" NAME="d2_special" VALUE="">
<TABLE >
<TR ><TD ></TD><TD ><CENTER><I>Display 1</I></CENTER></TD><TD ><CENTER><I>Display 2</I></CENTER></TD><TD ROWSPAN=4><DIV STYLE="width:260px; margin-left:15px; padding: 3px; border:1px solid #899aba; background-color:#F2F3F7; line-height: 1.3em; vertical-align: top ; display:none" ID="aspect_hint"></DIV></TD></TR>
<TR valign="bottom"><TD >Aspect </TD><TD ><SELECT NAME="d1_aspect" ID="id_d1_aspect" SIZE=1 TABINDEX=1 onchange='change_aspect()' style='width:158px'>
<OPTION VALUE="0" SELECTED>16 x 9 Widescreen</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="1" >16 x 10 Widescreen</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="2" >4 x 3 TV, iPad</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="4" >3 x 2 Phone</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="7" >5 x 3 Phone</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="3" >2.35:1 Ultra Wide</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="6" >21 x 9 Ultra Wide</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="5" >5 x 4 Monitor</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="8" >1 x 1 Square</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="9" >Other</OPTION>
</SELECT>
<img src="info.png" onmouseout="hide_help()" onmouseover="show_help(1)"></TD><TD ><SELECT NAME="d2_aspect" ID="id_d2_aspect" SIZE=1 TABINDEX=10 onchange='change_aspect()' style='width:158px'>
<OPTION VALUE="0" SELECTED>16 x 9 Widescreen</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="1" >16 x 10 Widescreen</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="2" >4 x 3 TV, iPad</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="4" >3 x 2 Phone</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="7" >5 x 3 Phone</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="3" >2.35:1 Ultra Wide</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="6" >21 x 9 Ultra Wide</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="5" >5 x 4 Monitor</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="8" >1 x 1 Square</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="9" >Other</OPTION>
</SELECT>
<img src="info.png" onmouseout="hide_help()" onmouseover="show_help(2)"></TD></TR>
<TR id='row_xy'><TD ></TD><TD ><DIV ID="d1_xy"><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d1_x" VALUE="" ID="id_d1_x" SIZE=3 MAXLENGTH=6 TABINDEX=2 >
x <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d1_y" VALUE="" ID="id_d1_y" SIZE=3 MAXLENGTH=6 TABINDEX=3 >
</DIV></TD><TD ><DIV ID="d2_xy"><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d2_x" VALUE="" ID="id_d2_x" SIZE=3 MAXLENGTH=6 TABINDEX=11 >
x <INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d2_y" VALUE="" ID="id_d2_y" SIZE=3 MAXLENGTH=6 TABINDEX=12 >
</DIV></TD></TR>
<TR ><TD >Size</TD><TD ><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d1_size" VALUE="" ID="id_d1_size" SIZE=8 MAXLENGTH=12 TABINDEX=4 >
<SELECT NAME="d1_units" ID="id_d1_units" SIZE=1 TABINDEX=5 >
<OPTION VALUE="0" SELECTED>Inches</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="1" >Centimetres</OPTION>
</SELECT>
 </TD><TD ><INPUT TYPE="TEXT" NAME="d2_size" VALUE="" ID="id_d2_size" SIZE=8 MAXLENGTH=12 TABINDEX=13 >
<SELECT NAME="d2_units" ID="id_d2_units" SIZE=1 TABINDEX=14 >
<OPTION VALUE="0" SELECTED>Inches</OPTION>
<OPTION VALUE="1" >Centimetres</OPTION>
</SELECT>
</TD></TR>
<TR ><TD ></TD><TD ><INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Compare" id=CompareSubmit tabindex=20 onclick="make_comparison_url(); return false;">
</TD><TD ></TD></TR>
<SCRIPT>change_aspect();</SCRIPT></TABLE>
</FORM>
<BR>
<script type="text/javascript"><!--
google_ad_client = "pub-2922161366574272";
/* 300x250, created 4/6/08 */
google_ad_slot = "0693786037";
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google_ad_height = 250;
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</script>
<script type="text/javascript"
src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js">
</script>
</div>
</div>
<div id="LeftColumnFill" class="Fill"></div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
<script type="text/javascript">
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|
Visual TV Size Comparison : Display Wars
* [Home](.)
* [iPhone 7 vs 7 Plus](iPhone7-vs-iPhone7Plus "Screen size comparison between iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus")
* [Quick Comparisons](quick)
* [Credits](credits)
### Uses
**Choose between two sizes**
Can't decide between a [50 inch HD TV and a 65 inch 4K model](50-inch-16x9-vs-65-inch-16x9) or a [10 inch iPad and a 7 inch Android Tablet](iPad-vs-NexusTablet)? Display Wars will show you graphically just how big the size difference really is.
**Compare your current TV**
Comparing a 42 inch LCD to a 55 inch in a store makes the 42 inch display look deceptively small. In your own home it can look a lot bigger. Use Display Wars to visually compare your current TV and it's potential replacements.
### More Web Toys
[ASCII Poster](http://www.asciiposter.com/)
[Make a Giant Poster](http://www.asciiposter.com)
[Label Maker 2600](http://www.labelmaker2600.com/)
[Create Atari 2600 Labels](http://www.labelmaker2600.com)
[**Privacy Policy**](privacy)
## Screen Size Comparison
function change\_aspect()
{
var d1\_aspect, d2\_aspect;
d1\_aspect = get\_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id\_d1\_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id\_d1\_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
d2\_aspect = get\_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById('id\_d2\_aspect').options[document.getElementById('id\_d2\_aspect').selectedIndex].value));
if (d1\_aspect=='OTH' || d2\_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('row\_xy').style.display = '';
if (d1\_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('d1\_xy').style.display = '';
} else {
document.getElementById('d1\_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
if (d2\_aspect=='OTH') {
document.getElementById('d2\_xy').style.display = '';
} else {
document.getElementById('d2\_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
} else {
document.getElementById('row\_xy').style.display = 'none';
}
}
function show\_help(i)
{
var help,field;
field = 'id\_d'+i+'\_aspect';
aspect = get\_aspect(parseInt(document.getElementById(field).options[document.getElementById(field).selectedIndex].value));
switch (aspect) {
case '16x9':
help = '<B>16 x 9 Widescreen</B> - The most common aspect ratio for new devices. Nearly all TVs and many Monitors, Tablets and Phones including iPhone 5.';
break;
case '16x10':
help = '<B>16 x 10 Widescreen</B> - Widescreen Monitors and Tablet Displays.';
break;
case '4x3':
help = '<B>4 x 3 Full Screen</B> - Older Televisions and Monitors. Now most famously used on the Apple iPad range.';
break;
case '3x2':
help = '<B>3 x 2 Mobile Phone</B> - Mobile Phones including Apple iPhone up to iPhone 4S. iPhone 5 uses a 16x9 display. Also film cameras and DSLRs.';
break;
case '5x3':
help = '<B>5 x 3 Mobile Phone</B> - Typically 800x480 phone displays such as Samsung Galaxy SII.';
break;
case '5x4':
help = '<B>5 x 4 Monitor</B> - Used in early Non Widescreen LCD monitors, particulary 17 and 19 inch models.';
break;
case '235x1':
help = '<B>2.35:1 Ultra Widescreen</B> - Some projector screens and super wide televisions.';
break;
case '21x9':
help = '<B>21 x 9 Ultra Widescreen</B> - Some projector screens and super wide televisions and monitors.';
break;
case '1x1':
help = '<B>1 x 1 Square</B> - Blackberry Passport and Eizo EV2730Q Monitor.';
break;
case 'OTH':
help = '<B>Other</B> - Enter any aspect ratio in the boxes below.';
break;
}
document.getElementById('aspect\_hint').innerHTML = help;
document.getElementById('aspect\_hint').style.display='';
}
function hide\_help()
{
document.getElementById('aspect\_hint').style.display='none';
}
function make\_comparison\_url()
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var d1\_size,d1\_aspect,d1\_units,d1\_x,d1\_y,d1\_url;
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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
<head>
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content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1">
<meta name="GENERATOR"
content="Mozilla/4.78 [en] (WinNT; U) [Netscape]">
<meta name="KeyWords" content="living history">
<title>Le Poulet Gauche</title>
</head>
<body alink="#ff0000" background="bg8.jpg" bgcolor="#ffffe6"
link="#0000ee" text="#000000" vlink="#551a8b">
<center><img src="breughel1.jpg" height="296" width="423"></center>
<center>
<h1><font color="#800000">Welcome to Le Poulet Gauche</font></h1>
</center>
This is a guide to the history, culture, and daily life of 16th century
France. It was originally developed as a resource for historical
recreation.
The proprietor of the Poulet Gauche has acquired other responsibilities
and the tavern has not been opened in many years. But the body of
reference
material is still useful, so it is being reorganized and updated. One
of these days...<br>
<center>
<p><img src="ufleur.gif" border="0" height="28" width="28"><br>
<font color="#800000"><font size="-1"><b>Last Update:</b> 1 January 2004</font></font>
</p>
<hr width="100%"></center>
<p><b><font color="#800000"><font size="+2">Table of Contents</font></font></b>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">What We Are:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="whatis.htm">What is Le Poulet
Gauche?</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="novevnt.htm">About our last event</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Who We Are:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="lafamill.htm">Family and Friends
of le Poulet
Gauche</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="lafamill.htm#yourself">Developing
a Persona</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="intervw.htm">Interviews with Jehan
du Lac</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="gaucher.htm">Interview with
Alexandre de
la Main Gauche</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Where We Are:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="calais.htm">Calais</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="geo.htm">The Geography of France</a></font></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="journey.htm">A journey to
Périgord</a></font></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">When We Are:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="sixteen.htm">The Sixteenth Century</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="timeline.htm">Historical Timeline</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">History and Politics:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="religion.htm">The Reformation</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="wars.htm">The Wars of Religion</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="people.htm">Who's Who</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="affairs.htm">World Affairs</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="seige.htm">The Seige of Calais, a
Contemporary
Account</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="warfare.htm">Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Society and Culture:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="culture.htm">Art and Culture</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="music.htm">Music</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="classes.htm">Social Classes</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="family.htm">Children and Families</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="herstory.htm">Women</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="liturgy.htm">The Cycle of the
Seasons: the
Liturgical Year</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Tavern Life:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="tavern.htm#Taverns%20In%20Society">Inns
and
Taverns in Society</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="furnish.htm">Furnishings</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="dining.htm">Dining: Serving,
Utensils, &
Manners</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="kitchen.htm">In the Kitchen</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="food.htm">Food</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="drink.htm">Drink</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="recipes.htm">Jeanne-Marie's
Receipt Book</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Entertainment:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="games.htm">Gaming</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="fencing.htm">Fencing</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Aspects of Everyday Life:</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="money.htm">Money</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="clothing.htm">Clothing</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="gallery.htm">Costume Picture
Gallery</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="travel.htm">Traveling</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000">Resources</font></b></li>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="maps.htm">Maps</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="biblio.htm">Bibliography</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="supplier.htm">Tradesmen and
Suppliers to
the Poulet Gauche</a></font></li>
<li>
<font color="#800000"><a href="express.htm">Common Expressions
for the
French-Impaired</a></font></li>
</ul>
<li>
<a name="Contact Information"></a><b><font color="#800000">Contact
Information</font></b></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<font color="#800000">web site maintained by <a
href="mailto:cti@lepg.org">cti@lepg.org</a></font></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<ul>
<ul>
<li>
<b><font color="#800000"><a href="authors.htm">About the Authors</a></font></b></li>
</ul>
</ul>
<hr>
<table border="0">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.pointcom.com/reviews/History_12128.html"><img
src="new-logo.gif"></a>
<br>
<a href="http://www.pointcom.com/reviews/History_12128.html"><img
src="top5-logo.gif"></a></td>
<td align="right" width="90%"><a
style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"
href="http://for-ariane.livejournal.com/">
</a><br>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/scout/report/socsci/"><img
src="ss-scoutsel.gif" alt="Scout Report for Social SciencesSelection"></a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</body>
</html>
|
Le Poulet Gauche
# Welcome to Le Poulet Gauche
This is a guide to the history, culture, and daily life of 16th century
France. It was originally developed as a resource for historical
recreation.
The proprietor of the Poulet Gauche has acquired other responsibilities
and the tavern has not been opened in many years. But the body of
reference
material is still useful, so it is being reorganized and updated. One
of these days...
**Last Update:** 1 January 2004
---
**Table of Contents**
* **What We Are:**
+ [What is Le Poulet
Gauche?](whatis.htm)
+ [About our last event](novevnt.htm)
* **Who We Are:**
+ [Family and Friends
of le Poulet
Gauche](lafamill.htm)
+ [Developing
a Persona](lafamill.htm#yourself)
+ [Interviews with Jehan
du Lac](intervw.htm)
+ [Interview with
Alexandre de
la Main Gauche](gaucher.htm)
* **Where We Are:**
+ [Calais](calais.htm)
+ [The Geography of France](geo.htm)
- [A journey to
Périgord](journey.htm)
* **When We Are:**
+ [The Sixteenth Century](sixteen.htm)
+ [Historical Timeline](timeline.htm)
* **History and Politics:**
+ [The Reformation](religion.htm)
+ [The Wars of Religion](wars.htm)
+ [Who's Who](people.htm)
+ [World Affairs](affairs.htm)
+ [The Seige of Calais, a
Contemporary
Account](seige.htm)
+ [Warfare in the
Sixteenth Century](warfare.htm)
* **Society and Culture:**
+ [Art and Culture](culture.htm)
+ [Music](music.htm)
+ [Social Classes](classes.htm)
+ [Children and Families](family.htm)
+ [Women](herstory.htm)
+ [The Cycle of the
Seasons: the
Liturgical Year](liturgy.htm)
* **Tavern Life:**
+ [Inns
and
Taverns in Society](tavern.htm#Taverns%20In%20Society)
+ [Furnishings](furnish.htm)
+ [Dining: Serving,
Utensils, &
Manners](dining.htm)
+ [In the Kitchen](kitchen.htm)
+ [Food](food.htm)
+ [Drink](drink.htm)
+ [Jeanne-Marie's
Receipt Book](recipes.htm)
* **Entertainment:**
+ [Gaming](games.htm)
+ [Fencing](fencing.htm)
* **Aspects of Everyday Life:**
+ [Money](money.htm)
+ [Clothing](clothing.htm)
+ [Costume Picture
Gallery](gallery.htm)
+ [Traveling](travel.htm)
* **Resources**
+ [Maps](maps.htm)
+ [Bibliography](biblio.htm)
+ [Tradesmen and
Suppliers to
the Poulet Gauche](supplier.htm)
+ [Common Expressions
for the
French-Impaired](express.htm)
* **Contact
Information**
+ web site maintained by [cti@lepg.org](mailto:cti@lepg.org)
+ **[About the Authors](authors.htm)**
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
|
| |
| [Scout Report for Social SciencesSelection](http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/scout/report/socsci/) |
| http://www.lepg.org/ |
<!DOCTYPE html>
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<a href="#me">Me</a> | <a href="#articles">Articles</a> | <a href="#games">Games</a> | <a href="#music">Music</a> | <a href="#holidays">Holidays</a> | <a href="#misc">Misc</a> | <a href="#links">Links</a> <img src="images/mega.gif" style="vertical-align: middle; height: 45px;"> <a href="sitemap.html">Sitemap</a>
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My name is Dann, and we're throwing out all the rules here.<br/>
Check out the games and music I like...<br/>
... if you're cool enough!
</div>
</div>
<div class="page_block" id="articles">
<h1 id="article_title">Latest Articles</h1>
<script src="en/list.js"></script>
<script src="en/q/list.js"></script>
<script src="articles.js"></script>
<a href="en/">
View more on Everything/Nothing...
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<img src="images/dopefish.gif" id="dopefish" onmouseover="dopeswim();" onclick="dopeswim();">
<div id="keen" class="games_monster"><img src="images/games/keen_idle.gif" onclick="games_dead('keen')"/></div>
<div id="doom" class="games_monster"><img src="images/games/doom_idle.gif" onclick="games_dead('doom')"/></div>
<div id="rott" class="games_monster"><img src="images/games/rott_idle.gif" onclick="games_dead('rott')"/></div>
<div id="quake" class="games_monster"><img src="images/games/quake_idle.gif" onclick="games_dead('quake')"/></div>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">
Games
</h1>
<ul>
<li>Old DOS</li>
<li>Classic Shareware</li>
<li><a href="games_keen.html">Commander Keen</a></li>
<li><a href="games_doom.html">Doom</a></li>
<li><a href="games_rott.html">Rise of the Triad (R.O.T.T.)</a></li>
<li><a href="games_quake.html">Quake</a> [Series]</li>
<li>Half-Life</li>
<li><a href="sims/">The Sims</a></li>
</ul>
<br/>
</div>
<div class="page_block" id="music">
<center>
<h1>
Music
</h1>
I like many types of music, specifically:
<br/><br/>
<div><a href="music_trance.html"><img src="images/music_trance.gif"><br/>Goa/Psytrance</a></div>
<div><a href="music_metal.html"><img src="images/music_metal.gif"><br/>Funeral Doom</a></div>
<div><a href="music_industrial.html"><img src="images/music_industrial.gif" style="margin: 24px 0;"><br/>Industrial Rock</a></div>
<div><a href="music_darkwave.html"><img src="images/music_darkwave.gif"><br/>Darkwave</a></div>
<br/><br/>
Click on the links to see my recommendations...
<br/><br/>
</center>
</div>
<div class="page_block" id="holidays">
<center>
<h1>
<img src="images/candle_left.gif">Holidays<img src="images/candle_right.gif">
</h1>
<table style="border: 10px ridge Red;"><tr>
<td style="border: 2px outset Red;text-align:center;"><a href="halloween/"><img src="images/pumpkin.gif"><br/>Halloween</a></td>
<td style="border: 2px outset Red;text-align:center;cursor:not-allowed;"><img src="images/turkey.gif" style="height: 64px;"><br/>Thanksgiving</td>
<td style="border: 2px outset Red;text-align:center;"><a href="christmas.html"><img src="images/snowman.gif"><br/>Christmas</a></td>
</tr></table>
<marquee behavior="scroll" direction="left" style="font-size: 30px;">***Christmas Page is online, but I'll get to Halloween next year***</marquee>
</center>
</div>
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<center>
<h1>
Misc
</h1>
</center>
<div id="main_window" class="window"><div id="main_windowheader" class="window_header"><div class="window_close" onclick="document.location.href='images/rogue.htm'" style="cursor:pointer;"></div>Media Bin<div class="window_max"></div><div class="window_min"></div></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 55%;top: 45px;"><img src="images/dinos.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="misc/dinos.html">Dinos</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 7%;top: 34px;"><img src="images/hg3.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="hg3/index.html">HG3</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 4%;top:157px;"><img src="images/paint.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="paint.html">Paintbrush</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 21%;top:151px;"><img src="images/das.gif"><br><a href="das/">D.A.S.</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 80%;top: 40px;"><img src="images/wp.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="wp/index.html">WordPerfect</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 37%;top:165px;"><img src="muzik/bar_ani.gif" style="height:57px;filter: brightness(0);"><br><a href="muzik/index.html">Muzik</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 26%;top: 83px;"><img src="images/raytraced.gif"><br><a href="misc/raytraced.html">Raytraced</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 85%;top:154px;"><img src="cards/cards.gif"><br><a href="cards/index.html">Cards</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 89%;top: 77px;"><img src="misc/aoa/aoaicon.gif"><br><a href="misc/aoa.html">AoA</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 46%;top: 92px;"><img src="misc/anim/kick.gif"><br><a href="misc/anim.html">.GIF89a</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 0%;top: 66px;"><img src="misc/backgrnd/marb1.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="misc/backgrnd.html">Backgrnd</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 69%;top: 13px;"><img src="images/ascii.gif" style="margin: 13px 0;"><br><a href="misc/ascii.html">ASCII Art</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 75%;top:133px;"><img src="images/now/netanim.gif" style="margin: 13px 0;"><br><a href="now.html">88x31 Buttons</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 34%;top: 64px;"><img src="misc/coolpix.gif"><br><a href="misc/coolpix.html">CoolPix</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 63%;top:159px;"><img src="images/card.gif"><br><a href="camera/index.html">Kodak DC200</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 53%;top:140px;"><img src="images/render.gif"><br><a href="render/index.html">Renders</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 11%;top:119px;"><img src="images/java.png" style="height:65px;"><br><a href="java/index.html">Java</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 18%;top: 62px;"><img src="misc/anim/1371.gif"><br><a href="about.html">About...</a></div>
</div>
<div class="icon" style="left: 0px;top:335px;"><img src="images/mirc.gif"><br><a href="mirc/">mIRC</a></div>
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<div class="icon" style="left:460px;top:335px;"><img src="images/tut.gif" style="height:57px;"><br><a href="tut/">HTML/CSS</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left:550px;top:335px;"><img src="images/dreams.gif"><br><a href="dreams/">Dreams</a></div>
<div class="icon" style="left:635px;top:335px;"><img src="images/pano.gif"><br><a href="pano/index.html">Panoramas</a></div>
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<div style="line-height:30px;margin-top: 10px;"><img src="images/discord.png" style="height: 30px;vertical-align: top;"> <b>DannT</b>#7366</div>
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document.onmousemove = null;
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xhttp.send();
</script>
</body>
</html>
|
Dannarchy
#
[Me](#me) | [Articles](#articles) | [Games](#games) | [Music](#music) | [Holidays](#holidays) | [Misc](#misc) | [Links](#links)  [Sitemap](sitemap.html)
[](me.html)
My name is Dann, and we're throwing out all the rules here.
Check out the games and music I like...
... if you're cool enough!
# Latest Articles
[View more on Everything/Nothing...](en/)
#
Games
* Old DOS
* Classic Shareware
* [Commander Keen](games_keen.html)
* [Doom](games_doom.html)
* [Rise of the Triad (R.O.T.T.)](games_rott.html)
* [Quake](games_quake.html) [Series]
* Half-Life
* [The Sims](sims/)
#
Music
I like many types of music, specifically:
[
Goa/Psytrance](music_trance.html)
[
Funeral Doom](music_metal.html)
[
Industrial Rock](music_industrial.html)
[
Darkwave](music_darkwave.html)
Click on the links to see my recommendations...
#
Holidays
| | | |
| --- | --- | --- |
| [Halloween](halloween/) | Thanksgiving | [Christmas](christmas.html) |
\*\*\*Christmas Page is online, but I'll get to Halloween next year\*\*\*
#
Misc
Media Bin
[Dinos](misc/dinos.html)
[HG3](hg3/index.html)
[Paintbrush](paint.html)
[D.A.S.](das/)
[WordPerfect](wp/index.html)
[Muzik](muzik/index.html)
[Raytraced](misc/raytraced.html)
[Cards](cards/index.html)
[AoA](misc/aoa.html)
[.GIF89a](misc/anim.html)
[Backgrnd](misc/backgrnd.html)
[ASCII Art](misc/ascii.html)
[88x31 Buttons](now.html)
[CoolPix](misc/coolpix.html)
[Kodak DC200](camera/index.html)
[Renders](render/index.html)
[Java](java/index.html)
[About...](about.html)
[mIRC](mirc/)
[Archives](https://dannarchive.neocities.org/)
[Text Adventure](misc/text.html)
[Photography](misc/photos.html)
[HTML/CSS](tut/)
[Dreams](dreams/)
[Panoramas](pano/index.html)
[COVID-19](https://covid-19.neocities.org/)
#
Links
Check Out Fellow Neocities Residents:
[](http://penta2.ufrgs.br/gereseg/censura/green/green.htm)
[](cam.html)
Live CAM
©2019-Whatever it is now
[](en/halloween/)
var d = new Date();
var n = d.getMonth();
n++;
if (n == 10) {
document.getElementById("wave").style.top="0";
document.getElementById("wave").style.right="0";
}
var pet = new eSheep();
pet.Start();
var dt;
setInterval(camTimer, 60000);
camTimer();
function camTimer() {
dt = new Date;
document.getElementById("cam").src = 'cam/cam\_'+('00' + ((Math.floor(dt.getTime()/60000)%446)+1)).slice(-3)+'.jpg';
}
function article\_title(t) {
if (t !== undefined) { document.getElementById("article\_title").innerHTML=t; }
else { document.getElementById("article\_title").innerHTML="Latest Articles"; }
}
function dopeswim() {
if (document.getElementById("dopefish").style.right == "0px" || document.getElementById("dopefish").style.right == "") {
document.getElementById("dopefish").style.right=(document.getElementById("games").offsetWidth-200) + "px";
document.getElementById("dopefish").style.transform="scaleX(-1)";
} else {
document.getElementById("dopefish").style.right="0px";
document.getElementById("dopefish").style.transform="scaleX(1)";
}
}
var game\_els = document.getElementsByClassName("games\_monster");
var games\_timeout = [];
var games\_count = 0;
[].forEach.call(game\_els, function (el) {
games\_timeout[games\_count] = setTimeout(function() {games\_walk(el,games\_count);}, Math.floor(Math.random()\*2000)+1000);
games\_count++;
});
function games\_walk(el,c) {
el.children[0].src='images/games/'+el.id+'\_walk.gif';
var old\_left = el.style.left.substr(0,el.style.left.length-2);
var new\_left = Math.floor(Math.random()\*(el.offsetParent.offsetWidth -el.offsetWidth ));
var new\_bot = Math.floor(Math.random()\*(el.offsetParent.offsetHeight-el.offsetHeight));
var new\_coef = 1.3-(new\_bot/(el.offsetParent.offsetHeight-el.offsetHeight)/2);
if (old\_left > new\_left) {el.children[0].style.transform="scaleX(1)"} else {el.children[0].style.transform="scaleX(-1)"}
el.style.transform="scale("+new\_coef+","+new\_coef+")"
el.style.left = new\_left+'px';
el.style.bottom = new\_bot +'px';
games\_timeout[c] = setTimeout(function() {games\_idle(el,c);}, 2000);
}
function games\_idle(el,c) {
el.children[0].src='images/games/'+el.id+'\_idle.gif';
games\_timeout[c] = setTimeout(function() {games\_walk(el,c);}, 2000);
}
function games\_dead(elem) {
var el = document.getElementById(elem);
el.children[0].src='images/games/'+el.id+'\_dead.gif?'+Math.random();
setTimeout(function() {document.location.href='games\_'+elem+'.html';}, 500);
}
var demon\_click = 1;
function invert() {
if (demon\_click%2 == 1) {
if (demon\_click%22 == 1) {
document.body.style.filter="invert(100%)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 3) {
document.body.style.filter="blur(2px)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 5) {
document.body.style.filter="brightness(500%)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 7) {
document.body.style.filter="hue-rotate(270deg)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 9) {
document.body.style.filter="grayscale(100%)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 11) {
document.body.style.filter="contrast(1000%)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 13) {
document.body.style.filter="hue-rotate(90deg)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 15) {
document.body.style.filter="sepia(90%)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 17) {
document.body.style.filter="hue-rotate(180deg)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 19) {
document.body.style.filter="saturate(.1)";
} else if (demon\_click%22 == 21) {
document.body.style.filter="saturate(6)";
}
} else {
document.body.style.filter="unset";
}
console.log(demon\_click%21);
demon\_click++;
}
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#stubs").lightSlider({
item: 6,
auto: true,
loop: true,
slideMargin: 10,
speed: 400,
pause: 3000,
pauseOnHover: true,
enableTouch: true,
enableDrag: true,
freeMove: true,
responsive: [
{
breakpoint: 1000,
settings: {
item: 5
}
},
{
breakpoint: 890,
settings: {
item: 4
}
},
{
breakpoint: 740,
settings: {
item: 3
}
},
{
breakpoint: 500,
settings: {
item: 2,
slideMargin: 0,
pause: 6000
}
}
]
});
});
var els = document.getElementsByClassName("icon");
[].forEach.call(els, function (el) {
dragElement(el);
});
function dragElement(elmnt) {
var pos1 = 0, pos2 = 0, pos3 = 0, pos4 = 0;
var x\_min, x\_max, y\_min, y\_max;
elmnt.onmousedown = dragMouseDown;
function dragMouseDown(e) {
e = e || window.event;
e.preventDefault();
//document.getElementById("hint").innerHTML = document.getElementById("hint").innerHTML+elmnt.offsetParent+x\_min+" "+x\_max+" "+y\_min+" "+y\_max+"<br/>";
x\_min = 25,
x\_max = elmnt.offsetParent.offsetHeight - 8;
y\_min = 0,
y\_max = elmnt.offsetParent.offsetWidth - 8;
// x\_max = x\_max + 60;
x\_max = x\_max - elmnt.offsetHeight;
y\_max = y\_max - elmnt.offsetWidth;
//document.getElementById("hint").innerHTML = document.getElementById("hint").innerHTML+elmnt.offsetParent+x\_min+" "+x\_max+" "+y\_min+" "+y\_max+"<br/>";
// get the mouse cursor position at startup:
pos3 = e.clientX;
pos4 = e.clientY;
document.onmouseup = closeDragElement;
// call a function whenever the cursor moves:
document.onmousemove = elementDrag;
}
function elementDrag(e) {
e = e || window.event;
e.preventDefault();
// calculate the new cursor position:
pos1 = pos3 - e.clientX;
pos2 = pos4 - e.clientY;
pos3 = e.clientX;
pos4 = e.clientY;
// set the element's new position:
if (elmnt.offsetTop - pos2 > x\_min && elmnt.offsetTop - pos2 < x\_max) {
elmnt.style.top = (elmnt.offsetTop - pos2) + "px";
}
if (elmnt.offsetLeft - pos1 > y\_min && elmnt.offsetLeft - pos1 < y\_max) {
elmnt.style.left = (elmnt.offsetLeft - pos1) + "px";
}
//document.getElementById("hint").innerHTML = x\_max+" "+elmnt.offsetTop+" "+y\_max+" "+elmnt.offsetLeft;
}
function closeDragElement() {
// stop moving when mouse button is released:
document.onmouseup = null;
document.onmousemove = null;
}
}
var xhttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhttp.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == 4 && this.status == 200) {
//document.getElementById("hitcount").innerHTML = this.responseText;
var site\_data = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
var num\_arr = site\_data.info.hits.toString().split("");
var num\_img = "";
for (i = 0; i < num\_arr.length; i++) {
num\_img += `<img src="images/c` + num\_arr[i] + `.gif"/>`;
if ( (num\_arr.length-1 - i) % 3 == 0 && (num\_arr.length-1 - i) != 0 ) {num\_img += ",";}
}
document.getElementById("hitcount").innerHTML = num\_img;
var date\_obj = new Date(site\_data.info.last\_updated);
var days = ["Sunday", "Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday"];
var months = ["January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December"];
document.getElementById("lastupdate").innerHTML = days[date\_obj.getDay()] + " " + months[date\_obj.getMonth()] + " " + date\_obj.getDate() + ", " + date\_obj.getFullYear();
}
};
xhttp.open("GET", "https://weirdscifi.ratiosemper.com/neocities.php?sitename=dann", true);
xhttp.send();
| https://dannarchy.com/ |
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-us">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1252">
<title>Home Page</title>
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="Microsoft FrontPage 4.0">
<meta name="ProgId" content="FrontPage.Editor.Document">
<meta name="Microsoft Theme" content="citrus 011, default">
<meta name="Microsoft Border" content="l, default">
</head>
<body background="_themes/citrus/cittext.gif" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#33CC00" vlink="#FF6633" alink="#FFCC00">
<!-- '"AWS"' -->
<!-- Auto Banner Insertion Begin -->
<div id=aws_5940 align=center> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin:0 auto;">
<tr>
<td width="130" class="mwst" style="vertical-align:top; padding:5px 15px 5px 0;">
<a href="http://fws1.com/?refcd=MWS_20040713_Banner_bar">
<img src="/cgi-bin/image/images/bannertype/100X22.gif" width="100" height="22" border="0" />
</a>
</td>
<td width="130" class="mwst" style="padding:10px 0 10px 10px;">
<div align="right">
<a style="padding:5px 15px; color:#FFF; font-size:14px; display:block-inline; background-color:#166DC2; border: 1px solid #166DC2; border-radius:4px;" href="/cgi-bin/login" target="_blank">Sign In</a>
<a style="font-size:14px; color:#41c5e4;" href="/cgi-bin/path/signup?refcd=MWS_20040713_Banner_bar">Sign-Up</a>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan=2 class="mwst" align="center" style="width:730px;"><SCRIPT><!--
var g = document.aws_multi_728; if (! g) { g = new Date(); g = g.getTime()%10000; document.aws_multi_728 = g; }
document.write('<IFRAME src="http://crickerscuzins.fws1.com/cgi-bin/ad/inline?page=index.html/index.htm&pb=1&w=728&h=90&Rtime='+g+'" width="728" height="90" hspace="0" vspace="0" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true"></IFRAME>');
//--></SCRIPT><NOSCRIPT><IFRAME src="http://crickerscuzins.fws1.com/cgi-bin/ad/inline?page=index.html/index.htm&pb=1&w=728&h=90&Rtime=1531" width="728" height="90" hspace="0" vspace="0" scrolling="no" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true"></IFRAME></NOSCRIPT> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<DIV id="setMyHomeOverlay" align="left" style="position:absolute; top:25%; left:25%; width:358px; border:1px solid #AEAEAE; background-color:white; z-index:200000; display: none;">
<div style="height:59px; padding-left:22px; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_top_border.gif') repeat-x;">
<div style="float:left; width:182px; height:35px; margin-top:12px; font:bold 38px arial,sans-serif; color:#454545"> Welcome! </div>
<div style="float:right; padding:6px 5px 0px 5px;"><a href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">
<div style="background:url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_x.gif'); width:21px; height:21px; cursor:pointer;"></div></a></div>
<div style="float:right; font:bold 12px arial; margin-top:10px;"><a style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">Close</a></div></div>
<div style="height:170px; background:#ffffff;">
<div style="padding:30px 20px 0px 20px; font:normal 14px arial; height:80px;"> Would you like to make this site your homepage? It's fast and easy... </div>
<div style="padding:10px 0 0 41px;">
<div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_l.gif'); width:4px; height:26px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> </div>
<div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_m.gif') repeat-x; width:265px; height:26px; text-align:center; font:bold 13px Arial; color:#FFFFFF; line-height:25px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> Yes, Please make this my home page! </div>
<div style="float:left;cursor:pointer; background:white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_btn_r.gif'); width:4px; height:26px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('do');"> </div></div>
<div style="padding-left:148px; padding-top:7px; clear:both; font:normal 12px arial;"><a href="#" style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">No Thanks</a></div></div>
<div style="height:36px; background: white url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_bot_border.gif') repeat-x;">
<div style="float:left;margin:12px 0px 0px 20px; line-height:10px;"><input type="checkbox" style="width:11px; height:11px;" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('dont');"></div>
<div style="float:left;font:normal 12px arial;padding:10px 0 0 2px;"> Don't show this to me again.</div>
<div style="float:right; padding:6px 5px 0px 5px;"><a href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">
<div style="background:url('/cgi-bin/image/images/sethome_x.gif'); width:21px; height:21px; cursor:pointer;"></div></a></div>
<div style="float:right;font:bold 12px arial; margin-top:10px;"><a style="text-decoration:none; color:#004182;" href="#" onclick="javascript:do_set_homepage('close'); return false;">Close</a></div></div></div>
<span ID="mws_oHomePageOverlay" style="behavior:url(#default#homepage); display:none;"></span>
<script src=/fs_img/js/overlay.js></script><script defer="defer" src=/fs_img/js/set_homepage.js></script></div><!-- Auto Banner Insertion Complete THANK YOU -->
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<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><script language="JavaScript"><!--
MSFPhover =
(((navigator.appName == "Netscape") &&
(parseInt(navigator.appVersion) >= 3 )) ||
((navigator.appName == "Microsoft Internet Explorer") &&
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function MSFPpreload(img)
{
var a=new Image(); a.src=img; return a;
}
// --></script><script language="JavaScript"><!--
if(MSFPhover) { MSFPnav1n=MSFPpreload("_derived/home_cmp_citrus010_hbtn_p.gif"); MSFPnav1h=MSFPpreload("_derived/home_cmp_citrus010_hbtn_a.gif"); }
// --></script><a href="index.htm" language="JavaScript" onmouseover="if(MSFPhover) document['MSFPnav1'].src=MSFPnav1h.src" onmouseout="if(MSFPhover) document['MSFPnav1'].src=MSFPnav1n.src"><img src="_derived/home_cmp_citrus010_hbtn_p.gif" width="140" height="60" border="0" alt="Home" align="middle" name="MSFPnav1"></a> <script language="JavaScript"><!--
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// --></script><a href="more_cuzins.htm" language="JavaScript" onmouseover="if(MSFPhover) document['MSFPnav7'].src=MSFPnav7h.src" onmouseout="if(MSFPhover) document['MSFPnav7'].src=MSFPnav7n.src"><img src="_derived/more_cuzins.htm_cmp_citrus010_hbtn.gif" width="140" height="60" border="0" alt="Cuzin Gallery" align="middle" name="MSFPnav7"></a> <script language="JavaScript"><!--
if(MSFPhover) { MSFPnav8n=MSFPpreload("_derived/cyrptalation.htm_cmp_citrus010_hbtn.gif"); MSFPnav8h=MSFPpreload("_derived/cyrptalation.htm_cmp_citrus010_hbtn_a.gif"); }
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<p><em> </em> </p>
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<!--mstheme--></font></td><td valign="top" width="24"></td><!--msnavigation--><td valign="top"><!--mstheme--><font face="Arial, Helvetica">
<p align="center"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ff9966"><font face="Jubilee Lines MN" color="#000000" size="6">WELCOME
TO THE CRICKER's CUZINS</font></span></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="left"><font color="#FF00FF" face="Jubilee Lines MN" size="5">wE ARE A
GROUP OF PARROTS WHO FOUND IT NECESSARY TO START OUR OWN EMAIL LIST. NOW
WE are all very best friends. THIS IS OUR VERY OWN WEBSITE.</font><font color="#FF00FF" face="Jubilee Lines MN" size="4"> <br>
<br>
I HOPE YOU ENJOY
OUR ADVENTURES TO LOCATIONS AROUND-THE-WORLD AND PICTURES OF our PARTIES.
</font></p>
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<p align="center"><img border="0" src="rose_red.gif" width="45" height="65"> <font face="Comic Strip MN" size="5" color="#800000">this site
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<p align="center"><font face="Comic Strip MN" size="5" color="#999999">Acuuna
Matata<font size="2"><br>
</font>August 1, 1998 - april 11, 2001<br>
</font><img border="0" src="cuuna1-20-2K.jpg" width="360" height="264"></p>
<div>
<p align="center"><b><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">Do
not stand at my grave and weep;<br>
I am not there, I do not sleep.<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">I am a thousand
winds that blow.<br>
I am the diamond glints on snow.<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">I am the sunlight
on ripened grain.<br>
I am the gentle autumn rain.<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">When you awaken in
the morning's hush<br>
I am the swift uplifting rush<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">Of quiet birds in
circled flight.<br>
I am the soft stars that shine at night.<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">Do not stand at my
grave and cry;<br>
I am not there, I did not die.<br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" color="#999999" size="1"><br>
</font><font face="NuptialScript" size="5" color="#999999">- - Anonymous</font></b>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="dividerGREY.gif" width="400" height="16">
<p align="center"><b><font face="NuptialScript" size="6" color="#008080">PeeWee<br>
July 20th, 2001</font></b>
<p align="center"><img border="0" src="Peewee_Memorial.jpg" width="436" height="326">
</div>
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WELCOME
TO THE CRICKER's CUZINS
wE ARE A
GROUP OF PARROTS WHO FOUND IT NECESSARY TO START OUR OWN EMAIL LIST. NOW
WE are all very best friends. THIS IS OUR VERY OWN WEBSITE.
I HOPE YOU ENJOY
OUR ADVENTURES TO LOCATIONS AROUND-THE-WORLD AND PICTURES OF our PARTIES.
this site
is dedicated to:
ACUUNA MATATA & PeeWee
Acuuna
Matata
August 1, 1998 - april 11, 2001
**Do
not stand at my grave and weep;
I am not there, I do not sleep.
I am a thousand
winds that blow.
I am the diamond glints on snow.
I am the sunlight
on ripened grain.
I am the gentle autumn rain.
When you awaken in
the morning's hush
I am the swift uplifting rush
Of quiet birds in
circled flight.
I am the soft stars that shine at night.
Do not stand at my
grave and cry;
I am not there, I did not die.
- - Anonymous**
**PeeWee
July 20th, 2001**
CLICK HERE TO
DOWNLOAD THE SECRET SPECIAL [CRYPTILATION PROGRAM](cyrptalation.htm)
PLEASE VISIT MY [GUEST
BOOK](crickerguestbook.htm)
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Webmaster Bird of the CrickersCuzins Site**
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<title>Under the Red Star; understanding the uniform visor caps of the Soviet Army, Navy, Air Force, security forces and civilian agencies of the Cold War</title><meta name="Description"
content="A personal web site devoted to the collection of Soviet uniform visor caps of the Cold War period.">
<meta name="keywords" content="militaria, Soviet, uniform, Russia, Russian, cap, hat, visor cap, military, USSR, CCCP, Cold War, MVD, KGB, red star, border guard, peaked cap, railroad, railways, marine, communist, MORFLOT, VVS, police, visor, navy, army, airborne, fireman, ministry">
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<A HREF="periods.htm" style="color: gold;">Uniform Periods</A><P>
<B><U>CAP MUSEUM:</U></B><p>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="msu.htm" style="color: gold;">Marshals of the USSR</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="army46.htm" style="color: gold;">Army</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="airforce.htm" style="color: gold;">Air Force</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="navy.htm" style="color: gold;">Navy</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="honor.htm" style="color: gold;">Honor Guards</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="VOSO.htm" style="color: gold;">VOSO</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="mvd.htm" style="color: gold;">NKVD/MVD/NKGB/MGB</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="kgb.htm" style="color: gold;">KGB</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="border.htm" style="color: gold;">Border Guard</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="police.htm" style="color: gold;">Police (Militia)</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="nonmvdrr.htm" style="color: gold;">Railways</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="nonmvdmarine.htm" style="color: gold">Civilian Maritime Fleets</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="aeroflot.htm" style="color: gold;">Civil Aviation</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Forestry.htm" style="color: gold;">Forestry</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Communications.htm" style="color: gold;">Communications Ministry</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="coal.htm" style="color: gold;">Mining Ministries</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Diplomats.htm" style="color: gold;">Diplomats</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Court.htm" style="color: gold;">Court Officials</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Customs.htm" style="color: gold;">Customs</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="fire.htm" style="color: gold;">Fire Defense</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="vokhr.htm" style="color: gold;">VOKhR</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="Motor.htm" style="color: gold;">Road Transport</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="students.htm" style="color: gold;">Students</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="cadets.htm" style="color: gold;">Military Cadets</A></FONT><BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1"> <A HREF="nonmvd.htm" style="color: gold;">Other USSR Ministries</A></FONT><BR>
<P>
<A HREF="colors.htm" style="color: gold;">Band Colors through the Years</A><P>
<A HREF="capanatomycontent.htm" style="color: gold;">Visor Caps Dissected</A><P>
<A HREF="display.htm" style="color: gold;">Displaying your Cap</A><P>
<A HREF="fakes.htm" style="color: gold;">Fakes & Replicas </A><P>
<A HREF="sale.htm" style="color: white;">For Sale - Caps</A><P>
<A HREF="salemilitaria.htm" style="color: white;">For Sale - Militaria</A><P>
<A HREF="salebadges.htm" style="color: white;">For Sale - Badges, Medals, Insignia</A><p>
<A HREF="saleshoulder.htm" style="color: white;">For Sale - Shoulderboards, Tabs</A><p>
<A HREF="Book.html" style="color: white;">For Sale - Books</A><P>
<A HREF="links.htm" style="color: gold;">Related Links</A><P>
<A HREF="bib.htm" style="color: gold;">Bibliography of Sources</A><P>
<br>
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<div align="center"><IMG SRC="images/HonorFormation.jpg" width="260" "height="297" alt="" border="0"><IMG SRC="images/redstartest.jpg" width="238" "height="226" alt="" border="0"><IMG SRC="images/HonorFormation.jpg" width="260" "height="297" alt="" border="0">
<p><div align="center"><IMG SRC="images/banner.jpg" width="400" height="80" alt="" border="0"></div>
<H1>A Collector's Guide<BR>to Soviet Military and Civilian Uniform Visor Caps <BR>of the Cold War Period: 1946-1991</H1>
<p>
<H2>WELCOME to the largest collection of Soviet uniform caps on the World Wide Web!</H2>
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<TR><TD bgcolor="#000099" align=center>
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<p>Before introducing the contents of this site (which you will see as you scroll down this page); allow me to announce my three accompanying print books which expand on the topics covered on my website; including <font color="blue"><b>a brand new one for 2022 (listed second in order below).</b></font color>
<p>
In addition, if you go to my <A HREF="sale.htm" style="color: blue;">For Sale - Caps</A><P> and
<A HREF="salemilitaria.htm" style="color: blue;">For Sale - Militaria</A><P>and
<A HREF="salebadges.htm" style="color: blue;">For Sale - Badges, Medals, Insignia</A> pages, you will see I have recently listed new caps (including some quite rare ones) and insignia items which may also be of interest.
<p>
<H2>50 Years Under the Red Star: The Definitive Guide to Soviet Soldier, Sailor and Airman Caps from
1941 to 1991</H2> This is the "flagship" of my publications. With 372-pages in full color, this large paperback 8 1/2 x 11 book illustrates, describes and provides the history of EVERY model and style of furazhka and beskozirka worn by conscripts, extended servicemen and officers over during this time period; as well as every version of cap cockade and emblem worn on those caps.
To this end, the book contains over 800 photographs, scans and illustrations. I am confident you will find it the <b> DEFINITIVE </b> book
on these types of cap, unmatched by any other source of reference, in any language. The price is $68 plus $7 postage in the US via media mail if you pay with check or MO. Paypal fees and taxes have gone through the roof so if you need to use it, I must ask for an additional $4 to the total cost. Overseas buyers please ask me for a postage quote.
<p>
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<tr>
<td><A HREF="ForSale/Newbook.jpg" TITLE="Click for larger image"><img src="ForSale/Newbook.jpg" width="300" border="2" align="center" hspace="10" vspace="3"></A></td>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
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<p>
<H2><font color="blue"><b>"NEW" </b></font color>Uniform Caps of Soviet Security and Guard Services - the Definitive Guide to NKVD/MVD, KGB, Border Guard, Courts, Militia, VOKhR and Forestry Visor Caps of the Post-War Period</H2>
This book describes and provides the history of EVERY known model and style of furazhka worn by members of the stated organizations; from conscript/rank and file through general/highest staff. It also illustrates and explains all cockades, emblems and accessories worn on these caps and orients the reader as to each organization's place and role in Soviet society.
As with my previous books, I am confident you will find this volume to be the most comprehensive book available on caps worn by these security and guard organizations, unmatched by any other source of reference in any language.
I have elected to offer this book in 8 x 10 inch paperback format to keep prices, both in printing and postage, to an absolute minimum; in order to reach collectors and uniform enthusiasts worldwide.
It is nevertheless printed in striking full color on heavy, gloss-finished paper, with 189 pages and over 350 photographs and illustrations. Price is $46 plus $5.75 postage to addresses within the US. Paypal users need to add $3.50 to the total.<p>
<TABLE BORDER="5" BORDERCOLOR="red" WIDTH="30%" BGCOLOR="#F5ECCE" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="15" ALIGN="Center">
<tr>
<td><A HREF="ForSale/Securitycover.jpg" TITLE="Click for larger image"><img src="ForSale/Securitycover.jpg" width="300" border="2" align="center" hspace="10" vspace="3"></A></td>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
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<p>
<H2>Uniform Visor Cap Markings of the USSR: A Compendium of Manufacturers' Labels and Interior Stamps</H2> With 142 pages in full color, this high quality, 7x10 inch paperback
documents the different manufacturersâ labels and interior markings used by Soviet industry and military organizations on military and civilian uniform visor caps of the Cold War period (1945-1991).
All such markings are illustrated, Russian/Ukrainian text and abbreviations are explained and a full English translation of each provided. Histories of the primary headdress manufacturers, along with known dates of use for each manufacturerâs label/stamp variant are provided; and all common unit, personal and inspection/inventory marks are illustrated and explained.
The data and illustrations provided in this book will also serve as a primary means of determining cap authenticity, enabling the reader to more readily detect fakes and reproductions.
As some of you will recognize, this is the third (and final) version of similar books I have published on markings. However, while those earlier versions were intended primarily to be âworkingâ documents for collectors; this final edition is intended to be a more refined product--with a larger format, better print quality and photo resolution along with an expanded range of entries.
I have kept the price of this improved edition as low as possible to encourage owners of previous copies to "upgrade" to this new edition. Book purchase price is $35 (U.S.) or its equivalent; plus $5.75 for postage within the U.S. Overseas buyers please ask me for a postage quote. Use of paypal will add $3.50 to the price.
<p>
<TABLE BORDER="5" BORDERCOLOR="red" WIDTH="30%" BGCOLOR="#F5ECCE" CELLSPACING="5" CELLPADDING="15" ALIGN="Center">
<tr>
<td><A HREF="ForSale/FrontCoverFinal2.jpg" TITLE="Click for larger image"><img src="ForSale/FrontCoverFinal2.jpg" width="300" border="2" align="center" hspace="10" vspace="3"></A></td>
</td></tr></table>
<p>
Please go to my <A HREF="Book.html" style="color: blue">Book Sales</A> page for additional information on these books, representative sample pages and how to purchase copies.
<p>
<p>
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<p><H2>Introduction to the Site</H2>Okay, enough with me trying to sell you stuff!! On this site you can sample the martial glory of the Soviet uniform visor cap (pronounced "Furazhka" in Russian) from the beginning of the Cold War Era to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Although little recognized in the West, Soviet military and militarized uniforms during this period were extremely varied and colorful. Although many countries had rather ornate military uniforms prior to WWII, most lost little time after the War in abandoning their "old-fashioned" uniform styles in the interest of economy, camouflage, or anti-militarism. The USSR, however, resisted this simplification of its uniforms, in spite of the heavy drain the large number of uniform variations and style changes imposed on the Soviet clothing industry.
The reason was simple. The 1943 uniform regulations, which restored a distinctly "Tsarist" look to the Red Army, were extremely popular and successful in terms of restoring morale to the armed forces. Soldiers took pride in their appearance and gloried in the trappings of past accomplishments.
Nevertheless, uniform development was not stagnant, and refinements continued after WWII. New military uniform regulations built on those of 1943, combining heavy elements of Imperial Russian uniform tradition with symbols of the Red Army. The resulting array of uniforms enabled even the lowest conscript to impress his girl friend on de-mob day with his sartorial heroism, while, at the other end, a Marshal could outshine a peacock in his spectacular parade uniform. <P>
<p>While military uniforms form the opening core of those I discuss on this site; as you can see from the "table of contents" along the left-hand side of these pages, I also devote many pages to the uniformed, non-military agencies found within the former USSR.
<p>As previous visitors to my site may have noticed, I am in the process of changing the format by which I list and discuss the uniform caps shown here. I have left this site's military pages essentially the same; even though I must admit I do not show every variant a collector may run across. For a comprehensive study of those caps, I recommend
you obtain a copy of my omnibus book: "50 Years Under the Red Star..." If you cannot find a particular military cap listed on those pages, it does NOT exist (except perhaps as a prototype).
Likewise, my book titled "Uniform Caps of Soviet Security and Guard Services" provides the ONLY comprehensive listing/discussion of Soviet Border Guard/KGB/MVD/NKVD/Militia/Forestry/VOKhR and Courts caps. Consequently, the corresponding pages on this site will - like the military pages - not be updated.
<p>However, outside of those agencies covered in my "Security and Guard Services..." book, there is no print book that fully explains the development of most non-military visor caps. I have thus taken upon myself the task of documenting those to the best of my ability on this site's pages. Under the new format I mentioned, I will redo each of the sections devoted to those agencies in order to cover their caps' development to the same extent as I covered military caps in my "50 Years Under the Red Star" book.
This process will take many months (or even a few years) so I ask readers to be patient. I will do this agency by agency and intend to start with Railways caps/uniforms. I wish I could have done other print books to cover these civilian agencies but it does not appear that enough interest exists to break even with the cost of printing such.
<p>
For those of you relatively new to the Soviet uniform collecting scene, I would recommend you peruse a little background information I've put together on the development of uniforms over this period. This will make my individual cap descriptions more meaningful. Select "Uniform Periods" from the action buttons at the top of the red bar to the left for this information or go directly to the "Cap Museum" category you wish to view.
<p>You will also find sections to the left on "Visor Caps Dissected" which will identify the parts of a cap to which I make reference, tips on properly displaying your caps and a page on "Fakes and Replicas" for those of you who tend to be too trusting of your fellow man.
<p>
<h2>Availability</h2> At the end of each cap description, I have provided my assessment as to the general availability of similar caps. This represents how often caps show up at shows or are offered for sale on-line or in advertisements. It does not directly relate to value! Some rare items garner low prices due to low demand (for now!).
<blockquote>
<b><font color="#A40000">Common:</font></b> readily available at most large militaria shows or easily found for sale on the Internet or in "surplus" stores.
<p>
<b><font color="#A40000">Available:</font></b> harder to find but usually available if you know where to look and are patient.
<p>
<b><font color="#A40000">Scarce:</font></b> occasionally seen or offered, but quite difficult to find.
<p>
<b><font color="#A40000">Rare:</font></b> seldom seen even in collections or museums in the Former USSR.
<p>
<b><font color="#A40000">Very Rare:</font></b> typically only seen in specialist museums; not one-of-a-kind, but virtually so.
</blockquote>
<p>
<H2>The Task</H2>
The task of documenting even one element of this Soviet uniform tradition (visor caps, for those of you who got lost in my ramblings) is somewhat daunting. The many variations reflecting changing uniform styles, different branches and arms of service, seasonal changes, differences in rank, and special unit distinctions; not to mention the array of non-military uniforms instituted for everyone from police to diplomats; total well into the hundreds. However, I have and continue to collect a good representative sampling of these caps (312 at last count!), which, I hope, will do the entire range justice. <P>
<h2>Dedication</h2>
This site is dedicated to the soldiers and officers of the former Soviet armed forces. Although the ideology of its leaders was hopelessly flawed, the Soviet military was, by and large, an honorable extension of a proud people (or melting pot of peoples). In my numerous discussions with Soviet officers, I found them without exception to be morally the equivalent of Western officers and to be individuals I would be proud to have as friends, had our situations allowed it. "He has no greater love than he who would lay down his life for another" embodies the ideals of the soldier. Members of the Soviet Army and Navy held to this no less than soldiers in the West. <P>
<h2>Help Me, Help You</h2>
Anyone detecting errors or in possession of additional information on any of these caps or in my descriptions is asked to <A HREF="mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net">e-mail me</A> so that I may correct/enhance those areas.<P>
<h2>Disclaimer</h2>
My site deliberately focuses on caps in my collection. However, there are still a number of cap types out there I do not personally own - which I would happily add to my site with your permission. These will of course be credited to the owner if desired. On a few occasions I've also included pictures posted elsewhere on the web (especially from Russian collector websites); should you own and object to the use of those photos, please let me know and I will remove them from my site.<P>
And of course - if you have any authentic Soviet caps you want to sell - <A HREF="mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net">E-MAIL ME</A>! - at <A HREF="mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net">randallstewart@comcast.net</A> and we can dicker over the dirty details of money or trade. Or if you should you have any questions about Soviet caps/uniforms or any aspect of the hobby, I am always happy to help.<P>
<p>If you have written me at this address and did not get a response, please resend to my wife at:<A HREF="mailto:wandalstewart@me.com">wandalstewart@me.com</A>. Apparently some overseas' email servers don't "like" my comcast.net server!
<p>
Well, let's see if the results match the promises, shall we? Please make your selections from the links on the red bar to the left.
<P>
<div align="center"><IMG SRC="images/randytanker.jpg" width="195" alt="" border="0">
<IMG SRC="images/randy.jpg" width="185" alt="" border="0">
<IMG SRC="images/RandyinMoscow.jpg" width="155" alt="" border="0">
<p>
From left to right: me as a U.S. Army Threat Forces' trainer in the hatch of a T-62, in my real guise as a Military Intelligence officer in Germany 1985, and more recently at an Arms Show in Moscow.
<p>
<DIV ALIGN="center"><A HREF="#top">Top</A></DIV>
</BLOCKQUOTE>
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|
Under the Red Star; understanding the uniform visor caps of the Soviet Army, Navy, Air Force, security forces and civilian agencies of the Cold War
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[Uniform Periods](periods.htm)
**CAP MUSEUM:**
[Marshals of the USSR](msu.htm)
[Army](army46.htm)
[Air Force](airforce.htm)
[Navy](navy.htm)
[Honor Guards](honor.htm)
[VOSO](VOSO.htm)
[NKVD/MVD/NKGB/MGB](mvd.htm)
[KGB](kgb.htm)
[Border Guard](border.htm)
[Police (Militia)](police.htm)
[Railways](nonmvdrr.htm)
[Civilian Maritime Fleets](nonmvdmarine.htm)
[Civil Aviation](aeroflot.htm)
[Forestry](Forestry.htm)
[Communications Ministry](Communications.htm)
[Mining Ministries](coal.htm)
[Diplomats](Diplomats.htm)
[Court Officials](Court.htm)
[Customs](Customs.htm)
[Fire Defense](fire.htm)
[VOKhR](vokhr.htm)
[Road Transport](Motor.htm)
[Students](students.htm)
[Military Cadets](cadets.htm)
[Other USSR Ministries](nonmvd.htm)
[Band Colors through the Years](colors.htm)
[Visor Caps Dissected](capanatomycontent.htm)
[Displaying your Cap](display.htm)
[Fakes & Replicas](fakes.htm)
[For Sale - Caps](sale.htm)
[For Sale - Militaria](salemilitaria.htm)
[For Sale - Badges, Medals, Insignia](salebadges.htm)
[For Sale - Shoulderboards, Tabs](saleshoulder.htm)
[For Sale - Books](Book.html)
[Related Links](links.htm)
[Bibliography of Sources](bib.htm)
|
A Collector's Guideto Soviet Military and Civilian Uniform Visor Caps of the Cold War Period: 1946-1991
WELCOME to the largest collection of Soviet uniform caps on the World Wide Web!
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Before introducing the contents of this site (which you will see as you scroll down this page); allow me to announce my three accompanying print books which expand on the topics covered on my website; including **a brand new one for 2022 (listed second in order below).**
In addition, if you go to my [For Sale - Caps](sale.htm) and
[For Sale - Militaria](salemilitaria.htm)and
[For Sale - Badges, Medals, Insignia](salebadges.htm) pages, you will see I have recently listed new caps (including some quite rare ones) and insignia items which may also be of interest.
50 Years Under the Red Star: The Definitive Guide to Soviet Soldier, Sailor and Airman Caps from
1941 to 1991 This is the "flagship" of my publications. With 372-pages in full color, this large paperback 8 1/2 x 11 book illustrates, describes and provides the history of EVERY model and style of furazhka and beskozirka worn by conscripts, extended servicemen and officers over during this time period; as well as every version of cap cockade and emblem worn on those caps.
To this end, the book contains over 800 photographs, scans and illustrations. I am confident you will find it the **DEFINITIVE** book
on these types of cap, unmatched by any other source of reference, in any language. The price is $68 plus $7 postage in the US via media mail if you pay with check or MO. Paypal fees and taxes have gone through the roof so if you need to use it, I must ask for an additional $4 to the total cost. Overseas buyers please ask me for a postage quote.
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## **"NEW"** Uniform Caps of Soviet Security and Guard Services - the Definitive Guide to NKVD/MVD, KGB, Border Guard, Courts, Militia, VOKhR and Forestry Visor Caps of the Post-War Period
This book describes and provides the history of EVERY known model and style of furazhka worn by members of the stated organizations; from conscript/rank and file through general/highest staff. It also illustrates and explains all cockades, emblems and accessories worn on these caps and orients the reader as to each organization's place and role in Soviet society.
As with my previous books, I am confident you will find this volume to be the most comprehensive book available on caps worn by these security and guard organizations, unmatched by any other source of reference in any language.
I have elected to offer this book in 8 x 10 inch paperback format to keep prices, both in printing and postage, to an absolute minimum; in order to reach collectors and uniform enthusiasts worldwide.
It is nevertheless printed in striking full color on heavy, gloss-finished paper, with 189 pages and over 350 photographs and illustrations. Price is $46 plus $5.75 postage to addresses within the US. Paypal users need to add $3.50 to the total.
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## Uniform Visor Cap Markings of the USSR: A Compendium of Manufacturers' Labels and Interior Stamps
With 142 pages in full color, this high quality, 7x10 inch paperback
documents the different manufacturersâ labels and interior markings used by Soviet industry and military organizations on military and civilian uniform visor caps of the Cold War period (1945-1991).
All such markings are illustrated, Russian/Ukrainian text and abbreviations are explained and a full English translation of each provided. Histories of the primary headdress manufacturers, along with known dates of use for each manufacturerâs label/stamp variant are provided; and all common unit, personal and inspection/inventory marks are illustrated and explained.
The data and illustrations provided in this book will also serve as a primary means of determining cap authenticity, enabling the reader to more readily detect fakes and reproductions.
As some of you will recognize, this is the third (and final) version of similar books I have published on markings. However, while those earlier versions were intended primarily to be âworkingâ documents for collectors; this final edition is intended to be a more refined product--with a larger format, better print quality and photo resolution along with an expanded range of entries.
I have kept the price of this improved edition as low as possible to encourage owners of previous copies to "upgrade" to this new edition. Book purchase price is $35 (U.S.) or its equivalent; plus $5.75 for postage within the U.S. Overseas buyers please ask me for a postage quote. Use of paypal will add $3.50 to the price.
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Please go to my [Book Sales](Book.html) page for additional information on these books, representative sample pages and how to purchase copies.
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## Introduction to the Site
Okay, enough with me trying to sell you stuff!! On this site you can sample the martial glory of the Soviet uniform visor cap (pronounced "Furazhka" in Russian) from the beginning of the Cold War Era to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. Although little recognized in the West, Soviet military and militarized uniforms during this period were extremely varied and colorful. Although many countries had rather ornate military uniforms prior to WWII, most lost little time after the War in abandoning their "old-fashioned" uniform styles in the interest of economy, camouflage, or anti-militarism. The USSR, however, resisted this simplification of its uniforms, in spite of the heavy drain the large number of uniform variations and style changes imposed on the Soviet clothing industry.
The reason was simple. The 1943 uniform regulations, which restored a distinctly "Tsarist" look to the Red Army, were extremely popular and successful in terms of restoring morale to the armed forces. Soldiers took pride in their appearance and gloried in the trappings of past accomplishments.
Nevertheless, uniform development was not stagnant, and refinements continued after WWII. New military uniform regulations built on those of 1943, combining heavy elements of Imperial Russian uniform tradition with symbols of the Red Army. The resulting array of uniforms enabled even the lowest conscript to impress his girl friend on de-mob day with his sartorial heroism, while, at the other end, a Marshal could outshine a peacock in his spectacular parade uniform.
While military uniforms form the opening core of those I discuss on this site; as you can see from the "table of contents" along the left-hand side of these pages, I also devote many pages to the uniformed, non-military agencies found within the former USSR.
As previous visitors to my site may have noticed, I am in the process of changing the format by which I list and discuss the uniform caps shown here. I have left this site's military pages essentially the same; even though I must admit I do not show every variant a collector may run across. For a comprehensive study of those caps, I recommend
you obtain a copy of my omnibus book: "50 Years Under the Red Star..." If you cannot find a particular military cap listed on those pages, it does NOT exist (except perhaps as a prototype).
Likewise, my book titled "Uniform Caps of Soviet Security and Guard Services" provides the ONLY comprehensive listing/discussion of Soviet Border Guard/KGB/MVD/NKVD/Militia/Forestry/VOKhR and Courts caps. Consequently, the corresponding pages on this site will - like the military pages - not be updated.
However, outside of those agencies covered in my "Security and Guard Services..." book, there is no print book that fully explains the development of most non-military visor caps. I have thus taken upon myself the task of documenting those to the best of my ability on this site's pages. Under the new format I mentioned, I will redo each of the sections devoted to those agencies in order to cover their caps' development to the same extent as I covered military caps in my "50 Years Under the Red Star" book.
This process will take many months (or even a few years) so I ask readers to be patient. I will do this agency by agency and intend to start with Railways caps/uniforms. I wish I could have done other print books to cover these civilian agencies but it does not appear that enough interest exists to break even with the cost of printing such.
For those of you relatively new to the Soviet uniform collecting scene, I would recommend you peruse a little background information I've put together on the development of uniforms over this period. This will make my individual cap descriptions more meaningful. Select "Uniform Periods" from the action buttons at the top of the red bar to the left for this information or go directly to the "Cap Museum" category you wish to view.
You will also find sections to the left on "Visor Caps Dissected" which will identify the parts of a cap to which I make reference, tips on properly displaying your caps and a page on "Fakes and Replicas" for those of you who tend to be too trusting of your fellow man.
## Availability
At the end of each cap description, I have provided my assessment as to the general availability of similar caps. This represents how often caps show up at shows or are offered for sale on-line or in advertisements. It does not directly relate to value! Some rare items garner low prices due to low demand (for now!).
>
> **Common:** readily available at most large militaria shows or easily found for sale on the Internet or in "surplus" stores.
>
> **Available:** harder to find but usually available if you know where to look and are patient.
>
> **Scarce:** occasionally seen or offered, but quite difficult to find.
>
> **Rare:** seldom seen even in collections or museums in the Former USSR.
>
> **Very Rare:** typically only seen in specialist museums; not one-of-a-kind, but virtually so.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
## The Task
The task of documenting even one element of this Soviet uniform tradition (visor caps, for those of you who got lost in my ramblings) is somewhat daunting. The many variations reflecting changing uniform styles, different branches and arms of service, seasonal changes, differences in rank, and special unit distinctions; not to mention the array of non-military uniforms instituted for everyone from police to diplomats; total well into the hundreds. However, I have and continue to collect a good representative sampling of these caps (312 at last count!), which, I hope, will do the entire range justice.
## Dedication
This site is dedicated to the soldiers and officers of the former Soviet armed forces. Although the ideology of its leaders was hopelessly flawed, the Soviet military was, by and large, an honorable extension of a proud people (or melting pot of peoples). In my numerous discussions with Soviet officers, I found them without exception to be morally the equivalent of Western officers and to be individuals I would be proud to have as friends, had our situations allowed it. "He has no greater love than he who would lay down his life for another" embodies the ideals of the soldier. Members of the Soviet Army and Navy held to this no less than soldiers in the West.
## Help Me, Help You
Anyone detecting errors or in possession of additional information on any of these caps or in my descriptions is asked to [e-mail me](mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net) so that I may correct/enhance those areas.
## Disclaimer
My site deliberately focuses on caps in my collection. However, there are still a number of cap types out there I do not personally own - which I would happily add to my site with your permission. These will of course be credited to the owner if desired. On a few occasions I've also included pictures posted elsewhere on the web (especially from Russian collector websites); should you own and object to the use of those photos, please let me know and I will remove them from my site.
And of course - if you have any authentic Soviet caps you want to sell - [E-MAIL ME](mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net)! - at [randallstewart@comcast.net](mailto:randallstewart@comcast.net) and we can dicker over the dirty details of money or trade. Or if you should you have any questions about Soviet caps/uniforms or any aspect of the hobby, I am always happy to help.
If you have written me at this address and did not get a response, please resend to my wife at:[wandalstewart@me.com](mailto:wandalstewart@me.com). Apparently some overseas' email servers don't "like" my comcast.net server!
Well, let's see if the results match the promises, shall we? Please make your selections from the links on the red bar to the left.
From left to right: me as a U.S. Army Threat Forces' trainer in the hatch of a T-62, in my real guise as a Military Intelligence officer in Germany 1985, and more recently at an Arms Show in Moscow.
[Top](#top)
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<P>I am Katie, and this is my website. I like the Internet, open protocols, and creative online communities.</P>
<P>KatieZone.biz was founded in 2016 as a LAN chat room, hosted from my college dorm room on a Raspberry Pi. Since then, it has taken to The Web as a development sandbox, personal cloud server, IRC proxy... whatever I'm tinkering with at the moment.</P>
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#
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Welcome to my website.
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<h2>Space Budokan is a budokan in space.</h2>
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<h4><a href="https://spacebudokan.com/post/Linux-Contributor-Covenant/">Linux And The Contributor Covenant</a></h4>
<h6> Fri, Sep 21, 2018</h6>
<p>Linus has temporarily stepped down as the lead developer of the Linux kernel. He has been known to be rather harsh in his criticism of sub par programming, often swearing. Linus would only accept only code he thought was the best, and was unapologetic about it. All of a sudden it seems he’s had a change of heart. He posted a message apologizing for his past actions, and had the Linux project adopt the contributor covenant. While I am not inherently opposed to the idea of a code of conduct, the contributor covenant is one of the most repugnant.</p>
<p>The contributor covenant is written by professional victim Coraline Ada Ehmke (formerly Corey Dale Ehmke.) Ehmke is also the author of the Post-meritocracy Manifest. Yes, you read that right. This is a person that does not think you have to write good code if you are a member of an “underprivileged class.” I could understand wanting your code to stand on its own, but Ehmke thinks that isn’t good enough. The contributor covenant actually doesn’t look too bad on the surface. It says to act professional and not discriminate. Those are things I think most people can get behind. The problem is not only that the contributor covenant is overly broad, and basically makes anyone getting their feelings hurt for any reason a violation, it applies everywhere. It applies inside and outside the project space. That means if you make a joke that someone doesn’t like at a restaurant, or on Twitter, and someone doesn’t like it, they can try to get you thrown off the project for breaking the code of conduct. We’re already seeing this happen to Linux developers, and it’s only been a few days. The only one that comes to mind is Sage Sharp’s drama whoring, but I’ve been told there are others. I’m not going to go looking for them, because I try not to pollute my mind with such garbage. Having to read the contributor covenant and post-meritocracy manifesto was bad enough. I’m also not going to dignify such garbage by posting the address to these things here. You know how to use a search engine.</p>
<p>So what’s the answer to all this? If your project is going to adopt some kind of code of conduct, I recommend something like the Code of Merit at <a href="http://code-of-merit.org/" title="http://code-of-merit.org/">http://code-of-merit.org/</a>. It’s not perfect, but it’s a hell of a lot better than the contributor covenant.</p>
Tags for this post:
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/linux">Linux</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/linus-torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/coraline-ada-ehmke">Coraline Ada Ehmke</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/cory-dale-ehmke">Cory Dale Ehmke</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/coc">CoC</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/contributor-covenant">Contributor Covenant</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/merit">Merit</a>
<a href="https://spacebudokan.com/tags/free-speech">Free Speech</a>
<p>
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Space Budokan
# Space Budokan
---
## Space Budokan is a budokan in space.
[Home](https://spacebudokan.com) |
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---
#### [Linux And The Contributor Covenant](https://spacebudokan.com/post/Linux-Contributor-Covenant/)
###### Fri, Sep 21, 2018
Linus has temporarily stepped down as the lead developer of the Linux kernel. He has been known to be rather harsh in his criticism of sub par programming, often swearing. Linus would only accept only code he thought was the best, and was unapologetic about it. All of a sudden it seems he’s had a change of heart. He posted a message apologizing for his past actions, and had the Linux project adopt the contributor covenant. While I am not inherently opposed to the idea of a code of conduct, the contributor covenant is one of the most repugnant.
The contributor covenant is written by professional victim Coraline Ada Ehmke (formerly Corey Dale Ehmke.) Ehmke is also the author of the Post-meritocracy Manifest. Yes, you read that right. This is a person that does not think you have to write good code if you are a member of an “underprivileged class.” I could understand wanting your code to stand on its own, but Ehmke thinks that isn’t good enough. The contributor covenant actually doesn’t look too bad on the surface. It says to act professional and not discriminate. Those are things I think most people can get behind. The problem is not only that the contributor covenant is overly broad, and basically makes anyone getting their feelings hurt for any reason a violation, it applies everywhere. It applies inside and outside the project space. That means if you make a joke that someone doesn’t like at a restaurant, or on Twitter, and someone doesn’t like it, they can try to get you thrown off the project for breaking the code of conduct. We’re already seeing this happen to Linux developers, and it’s only been a few days. The only one that comes to mind is Sage Sharp’s drama whoring, but I’ve been told there are others. I’m not going to go looking for them, because I try not to pollute my mind with such garbage. Having to read the contributor covenant and post-meritocracy manifesto was bad enough. I’m also not going to dignify such garbage by posting the address to these things here. You know how to use a search engine.
So what’s the answer to all this? If your project is going to adopt some kind of code of conduct, I recommend something like the Code of Merit at [http://code-of-merit.org/](http://code-of-merit.org/ "http://code-of-merit.org/"). It’s not perfect, but it’s a hell of a lot better than the contributor covenant.
Tags for this post:
[Linux](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/linux)
[Linus Torvalds](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/linus-torvalds)
[Coraline Ada Ehmke](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/coraline-ada-ehmke)
[Cory Dale Ehmke](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/cory-dale-ehmke)
[CoC](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/coc)
[Contributor Covenant](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/contributor-covenant)
[Merit](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/merit)
[Free Speech](https://spacebudokan.com/tags/free-speech)
[Prev](https://spacebudokan.com/post/Terry-Davis-Death-Five-Eyes/)
<https://spacebudokan.com/>
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<td valign="top" rowspan="2"><h3><a href="/p/dishwasher-filter">Dishwasher Filter</a></h3></td>
<td align="right" valign="top">May 15th, 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="right" valign="top"><span><i><a href="/news/house">house</a></i></span></td></tr>
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<div class="pt">
<span>
A few months ago our dishwasher started building up food inside the
sprayer arms. It happened pretty suddenly: within a few days I was
needing to pick things out daily. I initially thought the
dishwasher had been run with the filter not properly seated and food
had gotten into the water recirculation system. I reseated the filters
and waited a while, but it wasn't getting better.
</span><p>
It all still mostly worked, but only if we scraped our dishes well and if
I spent a frustratingly large fraction of my time picking at the
sprayer arms with a bent paperclip. Still less work than handwashing,
though not by much. I read the manual, forums, etc; couldn't figure
it out. Eventually we called the manufacturer and they sent someone
out. They pulled the filter, and saw that the macro filter (left) was
present but the micro filter (right) just wasn't there.
</p>
<p>
<a href="/dishwasher-fine-filter-big.jpg"><img src="/dishwasher-fine-filter.jpg" width="550" height="309" class="mobile-fullwidth" style="max-width:100.0vw; max-height:56.2vw;" srcset="/dishwasher-fine-filter.jpg 550w,/dishwasher-fine-filter-2x.jpg 1100w"><div style="height:min(56.2vw, 309px)" class="image-vertical-spacer"></div></a>
</p>
<p>
As soon as the tech pointed out that the filter was missing this very
clearly explained what we'd been seeing. I ordered a new one,
installed it, and the dishwasher worked perfectly again. What I
really don't understand, though, is how the micro filter could have
gone missing?
</p>
</div>
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</a><a id="older" href="/p/adding-a-housemate-under-covid">
Adding a Housemate Under Covid
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<p>Comment via: <a href="https://www.facebook.com/jefftk/posts/10100162851251622">facebook</a>, <a href="https://lesswrong.com/posts/aQBttPfRik4M7HNFn">lesswrong</a></p>
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</div>
</div>
<section class="webring">
<h3>Recent posts on blogs I like:</h3>
<section class="articles">
<div class="article">
<h4 class="title">
<a href="https://juliawise.net/sugar-rush-in-children-seems-to-be-confirmation-bias/">“Sugar rush” in children seems to be confirmation bias</a>
</h4>
<p class="summary">There's little evidence that sugar makes kids hyper.
The post “Sugar rush” in children seems to be confirmation bias appeared first on Otherwise.
</p>
<small class="source">
via <a href="https://juliawise.net/">Otherwise</a>
</small>
<small class="date">December 25, 2023</small>
</div>
<div class="article">
<h4 class="title">
<a href="https://lincolnquirk.com/2023/10/23/entrepreneurship_advice.html">My startup advice</a>
</h4>
<p class="summary">I sat down for a conversation with Alex Long. He took notes and sent them to me, and it seemed worth lightly-editing the notes and posting. I’ve left it quite raw, more like a tweet thread than a proper blog post.</p>
<small class="source">
via <a href="https://lincolnquirk.com/">Home</a>
</small>
<small class="date">October 23, 2023</small>
</div>
<div class="article">
<h4 class="title">
<a href="https://www.lilywise.com/big-problem">A Big Problem With The Going To Bed Book</a>
</h4>
<p class="summary">
One day my dad was reading this book called the "Going to Bed Book" to
my sister Nora. The book is
basically about a bunch of animals who are getting ready for bed on a
boat. They go down the stairs, take a bath, hang their towels on the
wall, find…</p>
<small class="source">
via <a href="https://www.lilywise.com/">Lily Wise's Blog Posts</a>
</small>
<small class="date">September 18, 2023</small>
</div>
</section>
<p class="attribution">
<a href="/ring">more</a>
   
(<a href="https://git.sr.ht/~sircmpwn/openring">via openring</a>)
</p>
</section><p></p>
<div id="right-column">
<div id="top-posts">
<p><b>More Posts</b></p>
<ul>
<li><p><a href="/p/taking-a-safety-report">Taking a Safety Report</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="/p/why-i-work-on-ads">Why I Work on Ads</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="/p/market-rate-food-is-luxury-food">Market Rate Food Is Luxury Food</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="/p/taking-someone-aside">Taking someone aside</a></p></li>
<li><p><a href="/p/equal-parenting-advice-for-dads">Equal Parenting Advice for Dads</a></p></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div id="preview">
<iframe id="preview-iframe" scrolling="no" sandbox="allow-same-origin"></iframe><button id="preview-open">open</button>
</div>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="headfoot">
<ul>
<li><a href="/" rel="author">Jeff Kaufman</a></li>
<li><a href="/p/index">Posts</a></li>
<li><a href="/news.rss">RSS</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.jefftk.com/news/back_from_1962.rss">◂◂RSS</a></li>
<li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div></body>
</html>
|
Dishwasher Filter
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* [Jeff Kaufman](/)
* [Posts](/p/index)
* [RSS](/news.rss)
* [◂◂RSS](http://www.jefftk.com/news/back_from_1962.rss)
* [Contact](/contact)
---
| | |
| --- | --- |
| [Dishwasher Filter](/p/dishwasher-filter) | May 15th, 2020 |
| *[house](/news/house)* |
A few months ago our dishwasher started building up food inside the
sprayer arms. It happened pretty suddenly: within a few days I was
needing to pick things out daily. I initially thought the
dishwasher had been run with the filter not properly seated and food
had gotten into the water recirculation system. I reseated the filters
and waited a while, but it wasn't getting better.
It all still mostly worked, but only if we scraped our dishes well and if
I spent a frustratingly large fraction of my time picking at the
sprayer arms with a bent paperclip. Still less work than handwashing,
though not by much. I read the manual, forums, etc; couldn't figure
it out. Eventually we called the manufacturer and they sent someone
out. They pulled the filter, and saw that the macro filter (left) was
present but the micro filter (right) just wasn't there.
[](/dishwasher-fine-filter-big.jpg)
As soon as the tech pointed out that the filter was missing this very
clearly explained what we'd been seeing. I ordered a new one,
installed it, and the dishwasher worked perfectly again. What I
really don't understand, though, is how the micro filter could have
gone missing?
[←
Learning Rhythms](/p/learning-rhythms)[Adding a Housemate Under Covid
→](/p/adding-a-housemate-under-covid)
Comment via: [facebook](https://www.facebook.com/jefftk/posts/10100162851251622), [lesswrong](https://lesswrong.com/posts/aQBttPfRik4M7HNFn)
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### Recent posts on blogs I like:
####
[“Sugar rush” in children seems to be confirmation bias](https://juliawise.net/sugar-rush-in-children-seems-to-be-confirmation-bias/)
There's little evidence that sugar makes kids hyper.
The post “Sugar rush” in children seems to be confirmation bias appeared first on Otherwise.
via [Otherwise](https://juliawise.net/)
December 25, 2023
####
[My startup advice](https://lincolnquirk.com/2023/10/23/entrepreneurship_advice.html)
I sat down for a conversation with Alex Long. He took notes and sent them to me, and it seemed worth lightly-editing the notes and posting. I’ve left it quite raw, more like a tweet thread than a proper blog post.
via [Home](https://lincolnquirk.com/)
October 23, 2023
####
[A Big Problem With The Going To Bed Book](https://www.lilywise.com/big-problem)
One day my dad was reading this book called the "Going to Bed Book" to
my sister Nora. The book is
basically about a bunch of animals who are getting ready for bed on a
boat. They go down the stairs, take a bath, hang their towels on the
wall, find…
via [Lily Wise's Blog Posts](https://www.lilywise.com/)
September 18, 2023
[more](/ring)
([via openring](https://git.sr.ht/~sircmpwn/openring))
**More Posts**
* [Taking a Safety Report](/p/taking-a-safety-report)
* [Why I Work on Ads](/p/why-i-work-on-ads)
* [Market Rate Food Is Luxury Food](/p/market-rate-food-is-luxury-food)
* [Taking someone aside](/p/taking-someone-aside)
* [Equal Parenting Advice for Dads](/p/equal-parenting-advice-for-dads)
open
---
* [Jeff Kaufman](/)
* [Posts](/p/index)
* [RSS](/news.rss)
* [◂◂RSS](http://www.jefftk.com/news/back_from_1962.rss)
* [Contact](/contact)
| https://www.jefftk.com/p/dishwasher-filter |
<HTML>
<title>THE LAST WORD</title>
<body bgcolor="#C0C0C0" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#C000C0">
<font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva">
<center><p><table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="5" border="0">
<col width="175">
<col width="385">
<col width="150">
<tr>
<td colspan="2"><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva"><center><font size="8" face="Lucida Console"><img src="globe04.gif" width="32" height="32"> <font color="#0000FF">The Last Word</font> <img src="globe04.gif" width="32" height="32"></font>
<br>This is the future site of a small business...DEAL WITH IT!
<p>You've finally found it...
<br>The home page of Tim Brown
<p><a href="mailto:bandit73@outlook.com?subject=WEB PAGE COMMENTS">Click here to e-mail Tim Brown</a>
<td><img src="tim01b.jpg">
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a href="http://onlinelunchpail.blogspot.com">THE ONLINE LUNCHPAIL</a> - My main blog!<br><p>
<tr>
<th colspan="3"><a href="http://textbooksntoilets.blogspot.com">TNT: TEXTBOOKS 'N' TOILETS</a> - My blog about school hijinks!<br><p>
<tr>
<td><a href="books.html"><img src="bookicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>MY BOOKS! Click at left to find out more information about my book and where to order it. In addition to online retailers, my book is also sold in fine bookstores.
<tr>
<td><a href="bio.html"><img src="bioicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My autobiography! (Updated 2/2010)
<tr>
<td><a href="truthandjustice.html"><img src="truthandjusticeicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>Click on the question mark clicker for an explanation of why we do what we do and what keeps us going. (Updated 5/2010)
<tr>
<td><a href="lastword"><img src="clickforzine.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>Yes, it's <font color="#E0803C"><b><i>THE LAST WORD</b></i></font> - the zine the fascists hate! This is my newsletter that's been around since 1993 and has been the target of right-wing censorship since its early years. Still going strong after almost 500 issues!
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.facebook.com/bandit41073"><img src="facebookicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My Facebook page!
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.myspace.com/bandit41073"><img src="myspaceicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My MySpace page!
<tr>
<td><a href="brossart.html"><img src="pooinghorse.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>One of the most popular features on this page is BROSSART WIT & WISDOM! This project lampoons Bishop Brossart High School as only I can. Damn, I hated that school! Maybe the reason so many people at Brossart was so smug and hateful was that they were angry about their wasted lives and had to take it out on me, but who knows what engendered the school's fabulously insane vendetta? Click on the defecating horse at left for this innovative collection of stories about the violence-plagued Catholic high school. (Updated 1/2008)
<tr>
<td><a href="roadpics"><img src="photosicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My road photos (and videos)!!! (Updated at least monthly)
<tr>
<td><a href="maps"><img src="mapsicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>LeftMaps! This is my side job of drawing bicycling maps of Cincinnati area neighborhoods.
<tr>
<td><a href="roads"><img src="roadsicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My Kentucky Highway Page - featuring a log of the entire Kentucky state highway system. (Updated 7/2009)
<tr>
<td><a href="ontheroad.html"><img src="ontheroadicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>On The Road Again - an account of every vacation trip I've ever been on. (Updated 1/2010)
<tr>
<td><a href="ill.html"><img src="illicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>My personal illness log! (Updated 7/2007)
<tr>
<td><a href="gum.html"><img src="gumicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>Stupid Gum Tricks! (Updated 12/2007)
<tr>
<td><a href="newamerica.html"><img src="newamericaicon.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>New America. The spirit lives on! (Updated 5/2008)
<tr>
<td><a href="http://thepeoplesforum.ruin.net"><img src="peepsforum.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>The People's Forum was a message board I first started in 1998. It finally returned in April 2006 as a phpBB forum after a long hiatus! Click on the colorful click-a-roo to bravely visit the new, reborn People's Forum!
<tr>
<td><a href="harassment.html"><img src="noharassment.gif"></a>
<td><font size=4>Click on the NO HARASSMENT clicker at left for my response to the Internet harassment I've suffered. (Updated 8/2009)
<tr><td colspan="3"><font size="1"><b>The views expressed on this page may or may not reflect those of companies that provide services to me. These companies exercise no prior restraint of material passing through their systems or stored on their systems. This page is my sole responsibility. If you are offended by raw language such as "poop", please leave.
<p>Posts in other forums bearing my name or e-mail address were not necessarily written by me and may be hoaxes. These include numerous inflammatory posts archived by Google that were written by others (some with phony accounts from ISP's I have used) or were modified from my original posts. Google has removed some of these posts following numerous requests - but has refused to remove others.
<p>This site is best viewed with Internet Exploder 7 and a Compaq 7550 monitor. I don't have time to test every browser, so if it looks bad, tough luck.
<center><p>* * *</center>
<p>My newsletter has been known as some form of The Last Word since 1993 and is not to be confused with numerous newer websites and other works that have, without permission, taken the name of The Last Word.
<p>Contents of this page copyright 1993-2016. The Last Word and all other unique names and logos associated with this page are registered trademarks, and unauthorized use is not allowed. (Ooh, an Allowed Cloud!)
<center><p>* * *</center>
<p>To paraphrase a poem that appeared on the restroom wall at the now-defunct Bonanza steakhouse in Newport, KY:
<center><i><p>They paint the walls to cover my pen
<br>But the Bathroom Bandit strikes again</i></center>
</table></center>
<p>NOTE: Some parts of the rest of this page have not been updated since 1996. I plan on updating them eventually...
<p><img src="tim01d.gif" align="right">
<p><a href="http://www.wunderground.com/US/KY/Bellevue.html?bannertypeclick=gizmotimetempbig"><img src="pooingiscool.gif" border=0 alt="Click for Belevue, Kentucky Forecast" height=40 width=467></a>
<p><a href="http://www.wunderground.com/US/KY/Bellevue.html?bannertypeclick=gizmotimetempbig"><img src="http://banners.wunderground.com/weathersticker/gizmotimetempbig/language/www/US/KY/Bellevue.gif" border=0 alt="Click for Bellevue, Kentucky Forecast" height=40 width=467></a>
<img src="timhell.jpg" align="right">
<P>
<center><p><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva"><img src="handcuffs.gif" width="175" height="125"><img
src="siege.gif" width="175" height="125"> <img src="grayribbon.gif" width="175" height="125"></font></center>
<p align="center"><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva"><a href="http://www.eff.org/br"><img src="br.gif"
align="left" border="0"></a></font><font
size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva">C</font><font size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">lick on the spinning blue ribbon to leave
my site and visit Electronic Frontier Foundation's Blue Ribbon
Campaign</font></p>
<p align="center"> </p>
<font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva"><b>WEB PAGE HISTORY:</b></font></p>
<ul>
<li><p align="left"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">6/1996</font><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva">
- Web page founded on IgLou, a fine independent ISP. I
encourage you to patronize independent ISPs - a bastion
of sanity against the ogres.</font></p>
</li>
<li><p align="left"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">11/1997</font><font size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva"> - Tim fled Highland Heights, KY, and set
up shop in Bellevue, KY, to advance a breakaway
democratic nation known as New America.</font></p>
</li>
<li><p align="left"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">1997-98</font><font size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva"> - Web page censored at web terminals at
public library systems in at least 2 of the 3 counties in
the area.</font></p>
</li>
<li><p align="left"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">7/1998</font><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva">
- The Last Word was and still is a zine published
regularly in print form since 1993. After 5 years, it
became - in effect - banned from all public Internet
message forums because of its political views. nku (So
much for the First Amendment!)</font></p>
</li>
<li><p align="left"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">2004+</font><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva">
- ???</font></p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
<a href="tnt.html"><font
size="4"><img src="tntlogo.gif" align="left" border="0"
hspace="0" width="213" height="231"></a>
<p align="left"><font size="4">Thanks to the incontinence of the
FCC Taliban, my pirate radio station - <b>TANTRUM 95.7 TNT</b>
- was shut down on 9/28/01. Click on the logo at left for the
story of the "loudest microstation in the loudest
micronation"! <em><b>(UPDATED 3/15/02)</b></em></font></p>
<p>
<p>
<p>
<p align="center"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="4"><b>OTHER
FEATURES:</b></font></p>
<p><a href="school.html"><font size="4" face="Verdana,Geneva"><img
src="schoolicon.gif" align="left" border="0" hspace="0" width="50"
height="50"></font></a><a href="school.html"><font size="4"
face="Verdana,Geneva">Tim Brown's School Days</font></a>.<br>
<b><i>(UPDATED 1/15/04)</i></b></p>
<p><a href="bikespeed.html"><font size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><img
src="bikespeedicon.gif" align="left" border="0" hspace="0"
width="50" height="50"></font></a><a href="bikespeed.html">Disobeying speed
limits on a bike!!!</a><br>
<b><i>(NEW FEATURE 8/15/01)</i></b></p>
<p><a href="http://www.geocities.com/uhfisnifty/cartoons.html"><font
size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><img src="cartoonsicon.gif"
align="left" border="0" hspace="0" width="50" height="50"></font></a><a
href="http://www.geocities.com/uhfisnifty/cartoons.html"><br>
Editorial cartoons</a> from The Last Word.</p>
<p><a href="radio">Cincinnati Radio Page</a>! This project was
a nifty resource for historic tidbits about Midwest music radio.
But Cincinnati radio is so awash in boredom and decay that who
really cares about it anymore?</p>
<p>List of <a
href="deadcounties.html">dead counties</a> - counties in the
U.S. that no longer exist!</p>
<p><a href="newamerica.html">New America</a>, a new nation led by yours truly.</p>
<p><a href="vacation.html">The Tim Vacation Song</a>.</p>
<p><a href="jokes.html">Jokes</a>!</p>
<p><a href="strang.html">Tim Brown tells off a 'Net kook</a>.</p>
<p align="left"><a
href="http://www.cincypost.com/business/sulkes071398.html">Cincinnati Post
article</a> about Tim Brown!</p>
<p align="left">Links to <a href="other.html">other web pages</a>. <em><b>(UPDATED
1/27/02)</b></em></p>
<p align="left"> </p>
<p align="center"><font size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><img
src="caged.gif" align="left" hspace="0" width="135" height="98"></font><font
size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><img src="caged.gif" align="right"
hspace="0" width="135" height="98"></font><font size="4"
face="verdana,geneva"> <!-- \/ GuestGEAR Code by http://htmlgear.com \/ --> </font><a
href="http://htmlgear.lycos.com/specs/guest.html"><font size="4"
face="verdana,geneva"><img
src="http://htmlgear.lycos.com/img/guest/gb_white.gif" border="0"
width="87" height="31" ismap></font></a><font size="4"
face="verdana,geneva"><br>
</font><a
href="http://htmlgear.lycos.com/guest/control.guest?u=bandit41073&i=1001&a=view"><font
size="2" face="arial,helv,helvetica,sans serif">View My Guestbook</font></a><font
size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><br>
</font><a
href="http://htmlgear.lycos.com/guest/control.guest?u=bandit41073&i=1001&a=sign"><font
size="2" face="arial,helv,helvetica,sans serif">Sign My Guestbook</font></a><font
size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><br>
<!-- /\ End GuestGEAR Code /\ -->Now Brossart-proofed to protect your children! </font></p>
<p align="center"><font size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><br>
<br>
</font></p>
<div align="center"><center>
<table border="3" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="3">
<tr>
<td><font size="4" face="verdana,geneva"><img
src="voih.jpg" width="412" height="64" wdith="412"><br>
</font><p align="center"><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">This </font><a
href="http://www.angelfire.com/wa/voih"><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">Victims of Internet Harassment</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> site owned by </font><a
href="mailto:bandit73@outlook.com"><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">Tim Brown</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">. <br>
[ </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;prev5"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Previous 5 Sites</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;prev"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Previous</font></a><font
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size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;next5"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Next 5 Sites</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;random"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Random Site</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;list"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">List Sites</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> ] </font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</center></div>
<p align="center"> </p>
<p align="center"><a
href="http://www.netcom.com/~bgip/disgrunt.htm"><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">Disgruntled Webmasters Ring</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"><br>
</font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&prev"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Previous</font></a><font
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size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Join</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&list"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">List</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&random"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Random</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&next"><font
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face="Arial, Helvetica"> <br>
<br>
</font></p>
<p align="center"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">This </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?home&ring=antifa"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Anti-Nazi Ring</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica"> site is owned by </font><a
href="mailto:bandit73@outlook.com"><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">Tim Brown</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">.<br>
[ </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&prev"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Prev</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&skip"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Skip It</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&next5"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Next 5</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
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size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Random</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> | </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&next"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">Next</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica"> |</font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&list"
target="_top"><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">List Sites</font></a><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">] <br>
Want to join The Anti-Nazi Ring? Get the </font><a
href="http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?home&ring=antifa"><font
size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica">info</font></a><font size="2"
face="Arial, Helvetica">.<br>
<br>
</font></p>
</HTML> |
THE LAST WORD
| The Last Word
This is the future site of a small business...DEAL WITH IT!
You've finally found it...
The home page of Tim Brown
[Click here to e-mail Tim Brown](mailto:bandit73@outlook.com?subject=WEB PAGE COMMENTS)
| [THE ONLINE LUNCHPAIL](http://onlinelunchpail.blogspot.com) - My main blog!
| [TNT: TEXTBOOKS 'N' TOILETS](http://textbooksntoilets.blogspot.com) - My blog about school hijinks!
| MY BOOKS! Click at left to find out more information about my book and where to order it. In addition to online retailers, my book is also sold in fine bookstores.
| My autobiography! (Updated 2/2010)
| Click on the question mark clicker for an explanation of why we do what we do and what keeps us going. (Updated 5/2010)
| Yes, it's ***THE LAST WORD*** - the zine the fascists hate! This is my newsletter that's been around since 1993 and has been the target of right-wing censorship since its early years. Still going strong after almost 500 issues!
| My Facebook page!
| My MySpace page!
| One of the most popular features on this page is BROSSART WIT & WISDOM! This project lampoons Bishop Brossart High School as only I can. Damn, I hated that school! Maybe the reason so many people at Brossart was so smug and hateful was that they were angry about their wasted lives and had to take it out on me, but who knows what engendered the school's fabulously insane vendetta? Click on the defecating horse at left for this innovative collection of stories about the violence-plagued Catholic high school. (Updated 1/2008)
| My road photos (and videos)!!! (Updated at least monthly)
| LeftMaps! This is my side job of drawing bicycling maps of Cincinnati area neighborhoods.
| My Kentucky Highway Page - featuring a log of the entire Kentucky state highway system. (Updated 7/2009)
| On The Road Again - an account of every vacation trip I've ever been on. (Updated 1/2010)
| My personal illness log! (Updated 7/2007)
| Stupid Gum Tricks! (Updated 12/2007)
| New America. The spirit lives on! (Updated 5/2008)
| The People's Forum was a message board I first started in 1998. It finally returned in April 2006 as a phpBB forum after a long hiatus! Click on the colorful click-a-roo to bravely visit the new, reborn People's Forum!
| Click on the NO HARASSMENT clicker at left for my response to the Internet harassment I've suffered. (Updated 8/2009)
| **The views expressed on this page may or may not reflect those of companies that provide services to me. These companies exercise no prior restraint of material passing through their systems or stored on their systems. This page is my sole responsibility. If you are offended by raw language such as "poop", please leave.
Posts in other forums bearing my name or e-mail address were not necessarily written by me and may be hoaxes. These include numerous inflammatory posts archived by Google that were written by others (some with phony accounts from ISP's I have used) or were modified from my original posts. Google has removed some of these posts following numerous requests - but has refused to remove others.
This site is best viewed with Internet Exploder 7 and a Compaq 7550 monitor. I don't have time to test every browser, so if it looks bad, tough luck.
\* \* \*
My newsletter has been known as some form of The Last Word since 1993 and is not to be confused with numerous newer websites and other works that have, without permission, taken the name of The Last Word.
Contents of this page copyright 1993-2016. The Last Word and all other unique names and logos associated with this page are registered trademarks, and unauthorized use is not allowed. (Ooh, an Allowed Cloud!)
\* \* \*
To paraphrase a poem that appeared on the restroom wall at the now-defunct Bonanza steakhouse in Newport, KY:
*They paint the walls to cover my pen
But the Bathroom Bandit strikes again*** |
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NOTE: Some parts of the rest of this page have not been updated since 1996. I plan on updating them eventually...
[](http://www.wunderground.com/US/KY/Bellevue.html?bannertypeclick=gizmotimetempbig)
[](http://www.wunderground.com/US/KY/Bellevue.html?bannertypeclick=gizmotimetempbig)
 
[](http://www.eff.org/br)Click on the spinning blue ribbon to leave
my site and visit Electronic Frontier Foundation's Blue Ribbon
Campaign
**WEB PAGE HISTORY:**
* 6/1996
- Web page founded on IgLou, a fine independent ISP. I
encourage you to patronize independent ISPs - a bastion
of sanity against the ogres.
* 11/1997 - Tim fled Highland Heights, KY, and set
up shop in Bellevue, KY, to advance a breakaway
democratic nation known as New America.
* 1997-98 - Web page censored at web terminals at
public library systems in at least 2 of the 3 counties in
the area.
* 7/1998
- The Last Word was and still is a zine published
regularly in print form since 1993. After 5 years, it
became - in effect - banned from all public Internet
message forums because of its political views. nku (So
much for the First Amendment!)
* 2004+
- ???
[](tnt.html)
Thanks to the incontinence of the
FCC Taliban, my pirate radio station - **TANTRUM 95.7 TNT**
- was shut down on 9/28/01. Click on the logo at left for the
story of the "loudest microstation in the loudest
micronation"! ***(UPDATED 3/15/02)***
**OTHER
FEATURES:**
[](school.html)[Tim Brown's School Days](school.html).
***(UPDATED 1/15/04)***
[](bikespeed.html)[Disobeying speed
limits on a bike!!!](bikespeed.html)
***(NEW FEATURE 8/15/01)***
[](http://www.geocities.com/uhfisnifty/cartoons.html) [Editorial cartoons](http://www.geocities.com/uhfisnifty/cartoons.html) from The Last Word.
[Cincinnati Radio Page](radio)! This project was
a nifty resource for historic tidbits about Midwest music radio.
But Cincinnati radio is so awash in boredom and decay that who
really cares about it anymore?
List of [dead counties](deadcounties.html) - counties in the
U.S. that no longer exist!
[New America](newamerica.html), a new nation led by yours truly.
[The Tim Vacation Song](vacation.html).
[Jokes](jokes.html)!
[Tim Brown tells off a 'Net kook](strang.html).
[Cincinnati Post
article](http://www.cincypost.com/business/sulkes071398.html) about Tim Brown!
Links to [other web pages](other.html). ***(UPDATED
1/27/02)***
 [](http://htmlgear.lycos.com/specs/guest.html)
[View My Guestbook](http://htmlgear.lycos.com/guest/control.guest?u=bandit41073&i=1001&a=view)
[Sign My Guestbook](http://htmlgear.lycos.com/guest/control.guest?u=bandit41073&i=1001&a=sign)
Now Brossart-proofed to protect your children!
| |
| --- |
|
This [Victims of Internet Harassment](http://www.angelfire.com/wa/voih) site owned by [Tim Brown](mailto:bandit73@outlook.com).
[ [Previous 5 Sites](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;prev5) | [Previous](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;prev) | [Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;next) | [Next 5 Sites](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;id=11;next5) | [Random Site](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;random) | [List Sites](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=voih;list) ] |
[Disgruntled Webmasters Ring](http://www.netcom.com/~bgip/disgrunt.htm)
[Previous](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&prev) | [Join](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&home) | [List](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&list) | [Random](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&random) | [Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=disgruntled&id=15&next)
This [Anti-Nazi Ring](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?home&ring=antifa) site is owned by [Tim Brown](mailto:bandit73@outlook.com).
[ [Prev](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&prev) | [Skip It](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&skip) | [Next 5](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&next5) | [Random](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&random) | [Next](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&id=485&next) |[List Sites](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?ring=antifa&list)]
Want to join The Anti-Nazi Ring? Get the [info](http://www.webring.org/cgi-bin/webring?home&ring=antifa).
| http://www.bunkerblast.info/ |
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 3.2//EN">
<HTML>
<HEAD>
<link REL="icon" HREF="ziring-favicon.png" TYPE="image/png">
<TITLE>Ziring MicroWeb Home Page</TITLE>
<META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="personal, ziring, neal ziring, julie ziring">
<META http-equiv="PICS-Label" content='(PICS-1.1 "http://www.icra.org/ratingsv02.html" l gen true for " http://www.erols.com/ziring/" r (cz 1 lz 1 nz 1 oz 1 vz 1) "http://www.rsac.org/ratingsv01.html" l gen true for "http://www.erols.com/ziring/" r (n 0 s 0 v 0 l 0))'>
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<IMG SRC="marq1.gif" ALT="Marquee1" HEIGHT="96" WIDTH="247">
</P>
<H2><I>Welcome to the Ziring MicroWeb!</I>
</H2>
<P>You've reached the personal web space of Neal & Julie Ziring.<BR>
Thanks for visiting our little strand of the web.
<BR CLEAR="both">
</P>
<CENTER><A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/cgi-bin/imagemap/ziring/mainmap.map"><IMG
SRC="main-imagemap-2.jpg" WIDTH="532" HEIGHT="243" VSPACE="5" HSPACE="2" BORDER="0" ISMAP="ISMAP" USEMAP="#MAP5"></A>
<MAP NAME="MAP5">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="1,0,101,118" HREF="booger.htm" ALT="Booger the Cat">
<AREA
SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="0,119,103,239" HREF="kumari.htm" ALT="Kumari the Somali">
<AREA
SHAPE="POLY" COORDS="153,240,154,213,161,195,151,154,155,141,148,135,148,131,131,118,123,110,118,102,119,84,134,75,153,74,163,80,157,88,163,98,175,116,182,117,187,111,200,118,197,131,206,141,216,140,216,121,248,137,261,149,264,169,261,184,255,199,267,225,259,241,153,240" HREF="julie.htm" ALT="Julie Ziring">
<AREA
SHAPE="POLY" COORDS="262,241,271,224,257,200,266,160,274,161,274,150,265,137,264,131,251,122,245,111,250,98,272,83,273,76,265,70,261,45,257,40,258,26,266,12,293,10,311,22,310,48,305,59,306,69,352,94,355,103,363,166,362,186,352,221,347,239,262,241" HREF="neal.htm" ALT="Neal Ziring">
<AREA
SHAPE="POLY" COORDS="172,77,161,84,161,92,173,110,181,116,184,114,187,105,204,114,205,133,215,138,216,117,232,124,255,140,264,146,267,171,272,155,269,144,260,133,249,124,242,112,236,101,193,81,191,77,177,75,172,77" HREF="yoshi.htm" ALT="Yoshi Iguana (R.I.P.)">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="369,3,450,81" HREF="kempo1.htm" ALT="Shorinji Kempo">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="369,82,449,161" HREF="povray.htm" ALT="POV-Ray Art">
<AREA
SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="368,162,448,242" HREF="bookrev.htm" ALT="Book Reviews etc.">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="451,3,530,81" HREF="saucy.htm" ALT="Saucy the Dog">
<AREA
SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="450,83,531,162" HREF="babyig.html" ALT="Kiwi the Baby Iguana">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="448,163,531,243" HREF="escher.htm" ALT="M.C. Escher">
<AREA SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="171,32,213,56" HREF="travel.htm" ALT="Travel pages">
<AREA
SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="113,33,151,59" HREF="scifi.htm" ALT="Science Fiction page">
<AREA SHAPE="default" HREF="pagelist.htm"></MAP>
<BR>
<A HREF="cool.htm"><B>What's Cool?</B></A>
<A HREF="start.html"><B>Quick Start!</B></A>
<A HREF="pagelist.htm"><B>Page List</B></A>
<A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/gb1.pl?from=Main+Index+Page"><B>Guestbook</B></A>
</CENTER>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1"></FONT></P>
<P><B>People:</B>
<A HREF="julie.htm">Julie's Personal Page</A> |
<A HREF="neal.htm">Neal's Personal Page</A> |
<A HREF="nealpro.htm">Neal's Professional Page</A>
<BR><B>Pets:</B>
<A HREF="babyig.html">Kiwi the Iguana</A> |
<A HREF="booger.htm">Booger</A> |
<A HREF="kumari.htm">Kumari</A> |
<A HREF="saucy.htm">Saucy</A> |
<A HREF="dragon.html">Sidney</A> <small><i>
<A HREF="yoshi.htm">Yoshi</A> |
<A HREF="guido.html">Guido</A>
</small></i>
<BR><B>Arts:</B>
<A HREF="escher.htm">M.C. Escher</A> |
<A HREF="movies.htm">Movies</A> |
<A HREF="music.htm">Music</A> |
<A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/spiro.pl/spiro.html">Spiro</A> |
<A HREF="mandel.html">JManEx</A> <img src="new2.gif" width=28 height=11 border=0></a>
<BR><B>Hobbies:</B>
<A HREF="travel.htm">Travel Page</A> |
<A HREF="kempo1.htm">Shorinji Kempo</A> |
<A HREF="doom.htm">DOOM</A> |
<A HREF="garden.htm">Gardening Page</A> |
<A HREF="povray.htm">POV-Ray Raytracer</A>
<BR><B>Information:</B>
<A HREF="bookrev.htm">Books & Reviews</A> |
<A HREF="scifi.htm">Science Fiction</A> |
<A HREF="newslinx.htm">News Links</A>
<BR><B>Resources:</B>
<A HREF="dopl.html">Dictionary of Programming Languages</A> |
<A HREF="java.html">Java Applets & Information</A>
<BR><B>Services:</B>
<A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/backgrounder.pl">Tiling Image
Sampler</A> (new
<A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/jbackgrounder/jbackgrounder.pl">Java
version</A>) |
<A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/nsgate/gate.pl">DNS Search
Gateway</A>
</P>
<P><BR>You can learn about how this web space was created by visiting
<A HREF="sitepage.htm">the site page</A>.
<BR>These pages are hosted by <A HREF="http://www.erols.com/">Erol's Internet</A>.
<BR>
<FONT SIZE="-1">Note: Anywhere in our webspace you can click on the big "Z"
logo to return to this home page.</FONT><BR>
</P>
<P>Please check out my pages for <A HREF="wbsk/index.html">The World Bank
Shorinji Kempo Club</A>.
</P>
<P>This web space is always under construction, and some content is still being
written.<BR> Come back again some other time and look for more stuff.
</P>
<HR>
<H3>Personal Information</H3>
<P>We are a married couple living in the town of
<A HREF="http://www.webcolumbia.com/">Columbia</A>, in suburban Maryland. We
have also lived, separately, in Pennsylvania, New York, and Missouri.
</P>
<P></P>
<H3>Contact Information</H3>
<P>To contact us, send email to <A HREF="http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/fb1.pl">ziring@home.com</A>.
More detailed contact information for each of us may be found on our individual
pages.
</P>
<H3>Page Information</H3>
<P>This page was last updated 1/10/2002. <BR> There have been
<IMG
SRC="http://cgibin.erols.com/cgi-bin/Count.cgi?df=zirh1_c.dat&ft=1&tr=N&dd=D&md=5" ALIGN="ABSMIDDLE" WIDTH="45" HEIGHT="13"> visitors
to this page. <FONT SIZE="-1">(About 1300 of those were us)</FONT>
</P>
<P><FONT SIZE="-1">This page and almost all the pages in the Ziring MicroWeb
were designed to be viewable on any browser, but they look best on advanced
browsers like <A HREF="http://home.netscape.com/download/">Netscape
Navigator</A> or <A HREF="http://www.microsoft.com/ie/">Microsoft Internet
Explorer</A>. The Ziring MicroWeb has been registered with all major search
services. </FONT></P>
<P></P>
<HR>
<H2>Links</H2>
<P>Here are some links to other pages you may find useful or fun. This list
changes whenever this page get updated. </P>
<UL>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.zdnet.com/">ZDNet</A> - great Internet resource</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.trip.com/">Trip.com</a> - featuring the <i>FlightTracker</i>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.gamespot.com/">GameSpot</a> - Computer & video game resources
<LI><A HREF="http://www.apple.com/quicktime/">QuickTime</A> - Apple Quicktime video player</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.earthsky.com/">Earth & Sky</A> - home site of a cool radio show</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.webring.org/">WebRing.Org</A> - web site collections for every interest</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.linux.org/">LINUX Online</A> - main site of a great OS!</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.allexperts.com/">Allexperts.com</A> - directory of volunteer experts</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.webopedia.com/">PC Webopædia</A> - nice tech reference</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.netradio.net/">NetRadio Network</A> - live radio on the 'Net</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.dmoz.org/">Open Directory Project</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.howstuffworks.com/">HOW STUFF WORKS</A> - principles behind everyday things</LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://windows.ivv.nasa.gov/">Windows on the Universe</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://digitalid.verisign.com/">VeriSign digital ID service</A> - Get a certificate! Use S/MIME!</LI>
<LI><B><A HREF="http://www.nga.gov/">The National Gallery of Art</A></B></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.w3c.org/">World Wide Web Consortium</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.discovery.com/">The Discovery Channel (Cable)</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.plumbdesign.com/thesaurus/">Plumb Design Visual
Thesaurus</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.bookpool.com/">Technical books</A> and <A HREF="http://www.cdnow.com">Music CDs</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.si.edu/">Smithsonian Institution Home Page</A></LI>
<LI><A HREF="http://www.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/">Bartleby Archives at Columbia University</A></LI>
</UL>
<P></P>
<HR>
<p>
<A HREF="http://www.icra.org/"><IMG SRC="http://www.icra.org/buttons/icra_sw.gif" border=0 width=88 height=31 align=left hspace=12></A>
This site rated safe for all surfers under the Internet Content Rating
Association rating scheme.
<p>
<p> </p>
<p>
<A HREF="http://www.angelfire.com/yt/steviesfuntime">
<IMG SRC="http://www.angelfire.com/yt/steviesfuntime/StevieAward2.gif" border=0 width=300 height=32 align=left hspace=12>
</A>
This site won the <i>Prestigious Stevie's Head Award</i><br>on Feb 11, 2000.
<br clear=both>
<p>
<HR>
<H3>Another Picture</H3>
<P>Here is a more formal picture of us. This was taken in 1992. </P>
<P><IMG USEMAP="#MAP1" SRC="couple.jpg" ALT="couple" HEIGHT="267" WIDTH="280">
<MAP NAME="MAP1">
<AREA COORDS="131,1,229,133" HREF="neal.htm">
<AREA COORDS="34,24,120,169" HREF="julie.htm"></MAP>
</P>
<P>Thanks for visiting, come again.
</P>
<HR></BODY></HTML>
|
Ziring MicroWeb Home Page
## *Welcome to the Ziring MicroWeb!*
You've reached the personal web space of Neal & Julie Ziring.
Thanks for visiting our little strand of the web.
[](http://cgibin.erols.com/cgi-bin/imagemap/ziring/mainmap.map)
[**What's Cool?**](cool.htm)
[**Quick Start!**](start.html)
[**Page List**](pagelist.htm)
[**Guestbook**](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/gb1.pl?from=Main+Index+Page)
**People:**
[Julie's Personal Page](julie.htm) |
[Neal's Personal Page](neal.htm) |
[Neal's Professional Page](nealpro.htm)
**Pets:**
[Kiwi the Iguana](babyig.html) |
[Booger](booger.htm) |
[Kumari](kumari.htm) |
[Saucy](saucy.htm) |
[Sidney](dragon.html) *[Yoshi](yoshi.htm) |
[Guido](guido.html)*
**Arts:**
[M.C. Escher](escher.htm) |
[Movies](movies.htm) |
[Music](music.htm) |
[Spiro](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/spiro.pl/spiro.html) |
[JManEx](mandel.html) 
**Hobbies:**
[Travel Page](travel.htm) |
[Shorinji Kempo](kempo1.htm) |
[DOOM](doom.htm) |
[Gardening Page](garden.htm) |
[POV-Ray Raytracer](povray.htm)
**Information:**
[Books & Reviews](bookrev.htm) |
[Science Fiction](scifi.htm) |
[News Links](newslinx.htm)
**Resources:**
[Dictionary of Programming Languages](dopl.html) |
[Java Applets & Information](java.html)
**Services:**
[Tiling Image
Sampler](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/backgrounder.pl) (new
[Java
version](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/jbackgrounder/jbackgrounder.pl)) |
[DNS Search
Gateway](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/nsgate/gate.pl)
You can learn about how this web space was created by visiting
[the site page](sitepage.htm).
These pages are hosted by [Erol's Internet](http://www.erols.com/).
Note: Anywhere in our webspace you can click on the big "Z"
logo to return to this home page.
Please check out my pages for [The World Bank
Shorinji Kempo Club](wbsk/index.html).
This web space is always under construction, and some content is still being
written.
Come back again some other time and look for more stuff.
---
### Personal Information
We are a married couple living in the town of
[Columbia](http://www.webcolumbia.com/), in suburban Maryland. We
have also lived, separately, in Pennsylvania, New York, and Missouri.
### Contact Information
To contact us, send email to [ziring@home.com](http://cgibin.erols.com/ziring/cgi-bin/fb1.pl).
More detailed contact information for each of us may be found on our individual
pages.
### Page Information
This page was last updated 1/10/2002.
There have been
 visitors
to this page. (About 1300 of those were us)
This page and almost all the pages in the Ziring MicroWeb
were designed to be viewable on any browser, but they look best on advanced
browsers like [Netscape
Navigator](http://home.netscape.com/download/) or [Microsoft Internet
Explorer](http://www.microsoft.com/ie/). The Ziring MicroWeb has been registered with all major search
services.
---
## Links
Here are some links to other pages you may find useful or fun. This list
changes whenever this page get updated.
* [ZDNet](http://www.zdnet.com/) - great Internet resource
* [Trip.com](http://www.trip.com/) - featuring the *FlightTracker** [GameSpot](http://www.gamespot.com/) - Computer & video game resources
* [QuickTime](http://www.apple.com/quicktime/) - Apple Quicktime video player
* [Earth & Sky](http://www.earthsky.com/) - home site of a cool radio show
* [WebRing.Org](http://www.webring.org/) - web site collections for every interest
* [LINUX Online](http://www.linux.org/) - main site of a great OS!
* [Allexperts.com](http://www.allexperts.com/) - directory of volunteer experts
* [PC Webopædia](http://www.webopedia.com/) - nice tech reference
* [NetRadio Network](http://www.netradio.net/) - live radio on the 'Net
* [Open Directory Project](http://www.dmoz.org/)
* [HOW STUFF WORKS](http://www.howstuffworks.com/) - principles behind everyday things
* [Windows on the Universe](http://windows.ivv.nasa.gov/)
* [VeriSign digital ID service](http://digitalid.verisign.com/) - Get a certificate! Use S/MIME!
* **[The National Gallery of Art](http://www.nga.gov/)**
* [World Wide Web Consortium](http://www.w3c.org/)
* [The Discovery Channel (Cable)](http://www.discovery.com/)
* [Plumb Design Visual
Thesaurus](http://www.plumbdesign.com/thesaurus/)
* [Technical books](http://www.bookpool.com/) and [Music CDs](http://www.cdnow.com)
* [Smithsonian Institution Home Page](http://www.si.edu/)
* [Bartleby Archives at Columbia University](http://www.columbia.edu/acis/bartleby/)
---
[](http://www.icra.org/)
This site rated safe for all surfers under the Internet Content Rating
Association rating scheme.
[](http://www.angelfire.com/yt/steviesfuntime)
This site won the *Prestigious Stevie's Head Award*
on Feb 11, 2000.
---
### Another Picture
Here is a more formal picture of us. This was taken in 1992.
Thanks for visiting, come again.
---
| http://users.erols.com/ziring/ |
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<link rel="shortcut icon" href="pb-2.ico" /><title>a-2-562.org Moose Creek Nike Site</title>
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<meta name="author" content="Moose & Squirrel LLC" />
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<h1>A-2-562 <a href="#"><strong style="color: rgb(0, 153, 0);"> </strong>
<strong> <font color="#ff0000" face="Adler">Moose Creek Nike Site</font></strong></a></h1>
<ul id="nav">
<li class="on"><a href="/index.html">home</a></li>
<li><a href="page1.html">IFC Area</a></li>
<li><a href="page2.html">Launcher Area</a></li>
<li><a href="page3.html">Site Life</a></li>
<li><a href="page4.html"> Area Pix's</a></li>
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<h2><font size="5">Welcome</font></h2>
<p style="text-align: justify;">This site is dedicated to preserving
the memories from those who served as the first line of defense
during the Cold War era. Site Tare or A-2-562 was one of 5 Nike
Hercules Batteries that surrounded the Fairbanks/Eielson AFB. The
Anchorage/Elmendorf AFB area had an additional 3 sites. Constructed
in the late 1950's and becoming operational about 1959 these sites
served as our first line of defense for Eielson AFB which was home
to a squadron of KC-135 Tanker Aircraft and a detachment of F-4
Phantom fighters. Also stationed at Eielson were a group of <b><font color="#333333">
"Group of Black Aircraft"</font>
</b>namely RB-47's,and U-2'S. The Fairbanks sites were operational
from 1959 till the early 1970's sites at Anchorage remained<b>
</b>operational<b>
</b>till 1979. Of all the sites the most intact is<b><font color="#333333">
"Site Summit"</font>
<font color="#333333"> </font>at </b>Anchorage. At site
Tare A-2-562 <font size="-1">the launch bunkers have been taken over
by the Army Corps of Engineers they serve as storage for the Chena
Lakes flood control project. Battery A became operational 08:00 10
May 1959 making it the first Nike Battery in Fairbanks / Eielson
area. Site Point was declared operational just 1 month earlier
making it the first site in Alaska.</font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b>
<font color="#ff0000" face="Comic Sans MS" size="6">
<a href="E_Book.html">Link to free
E-Book on Army Air Defense</a></font></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><b><font color="#ff0000" face="Comic Sans MS" size="6"><a href="https://nikemissile.org/Humor/Humor.shtml"><img style="border: 0px solid ; width: 398px; height: 213px;" alt="" src="Publisher%20Files/Humor_2.jpg" /></a><a href="E_Book.html"><br />
</a></font></b></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"><font size="4"><b><br />
<font color="#ff9900"><a href="mailto:webmaster@a-2-562.org" /> </font></b></font></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="reunion_r/index_r2.html">
<img style="border: 2px solid ; width: 398px; height: 292px;" alt="" src="Publisher%20Files/reunion%209_23.jpg" /></a></p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p style="text-align: justify;">
</p><p class="auto-style1"><font size="4">Reunion 2022 is now history,
after a 3 year pause in reunions there has been a renewed interest
in reconnecting with fellow Alaska Nike Vets. So we completed a
survey of all Alaska Nike Vet's we have on file and have received
132 completed surveys. The results show that New Orleans to be our
reunion location. The reunion was held Oct. 18 to 20 touring the WW2
museum and the French Quarter. </font></p>
<p class="auto-style1"><font size="4">Pictures of Reunion 2016
have not been posted in our reunion section if we receive
photos from 2016 we will add that page to the site. Also
explore previous reunions as we have photo tours of all. At this
time we also have not posted pictures from the New Orleans reunion. </font></p>
<p class="auto-style1"><font size="4">Also with discussion with
people from Anchorage there is some interest in having a 10 year
anniversary reunion of the 2014 "Cold war Conference Reunion"
more on that will be coming.</font></p><font size="4"><b>Email
<font color="#ff9900"><a href="mailto:webmaster@a-2-562.org">
webmaster@a-2-562.org</a></font></b></font>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="../roster.html">
<img id="img2" src="buttonE.jpg" alt="Found member's" fp-style="fp-btn: Corporate 8; fp-font-size: 12" fp-title="Found member's" onmouseover="FP_swapImg(1,0,/*id*/'img2',/*url*/'buttonF.jpg')" onmouseout="FP_swapImg(0,0,/*id*/'img2',/*url*/'buttonE.jpg')" onmousedown="FP_swapImg(1,0,/*id*/'img2',/*url*/'button10.jpg')" onmouseup="FP_swapImg(0,0,/*id*/'img2',/*url*/'buttonF.jpg')" border="0" height="28" width="140" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
</p>
<p style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://www.1and1.com/?k_id=10789061"><img src="images/1and1.gif" border="0" height="125" width="125" /></a>
<a href="secure/secure1.html">
<img src="Top%20Secret%20Cover.jpg" border="0" height="257" width="195" /></a></p>
<p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
</div>
<div id="wx_module_5730">
<a href="http://www.weather.com/weather/local/USAK0075">Eielson AFB Weather
Forecast, AK</a>
</div>
<script type="text/javascript">
var wx_locID= 'USAK0075';
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document.write('<scr'+'ipt src="'+document.location.protocol+'//wow.weather.com/weather/wow/module/'+wx_locID+'?config='+wx_config+'&proto='+document.location.protocol+'&target='+wx_targetDiv+'"></scr'+'ipt>');
</script>
<div>
<p>
<b> <font color="#333333" size="5">Links of Interest</font></b></p>
<p>
<font color="#ff0000" face="Clunk" size="5"><b><a href="pub%20section/links.html">
<font color="#ff0000">Cold War and WWII Secret Stuff</font></a></b></font></p>
<p><b><font size="4">
<a href="summit1.html">Site Summit Links</a></font></b></p>
<p><font size="4"><b><a href="http://www.radomes.org/museum">Online Air
Defense Museum</a></b>
</font></p>
<p><b><font size="4"><a href="http://www.ed-thelen.org">Ed's Nike Missile
Site</a></font></b></p>
<p><font size="4"><b><a href="perks_1.html">New Perk's for all Vets.</a></b></font><b><font size="4"><a href="http://alpha.fdu.edu/%7Ebender/nike.html">
</a></font></b></p>
<p><b><font size="4"><a href="http://www.nikemissile.org/">Nike Historical
Society</a> </font></b></p>
<p><b><font color="#ff9900" size="4">
<a href="http://www.nikealaska.org/INDEX.html">Alaska Nike Sites</a></font></b></p>
<p><b><font color="#ff9900" size="4"><a href="http://www.srmsc.org">The
First ABM Site</a></font></b></p>
<p><font size="4"><b><a href="ada1.html">Air Defense Today</a></b></font></p>
<p><font size="4"><b><a href="medical1.html">Vets Health Issues</a></b></font></p>
<p><b><font size="4"><a href="newsletter_s.html">Newsletter Archive</a></font></b></p>
<p><a href="store1.html">
<img src="store.png" border="2" height="164" width="123" /></a></p>
<p>
<img src="images/1144248684.jpg" align="right" border="0" height="70" width="180" /></p>
<p>
</p>
<p> </p><p> </p><p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">
<font face="Arial Rounded MT Bold" size="4"><font color="#000080">Thanks
to </font>
<a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.questionpro.com/">
QuestionPro</a><a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.questionpro.com/">
</a><font color="#000080">for providing us </font>
<a style="text-decoration: underline;" href="https://www.questionpro.com/survey-templates/">
free survey templates </a><font color="#000080">for running multiple
types of surveys. It aids in strengthening our nonprofit family.</font></font></p>
<p> </p><p>
</p><p> </p><p> </p></div>
</div>
<p>
<a href="reunion_1.html">
<img id="img3" src="photogallery/photo00000071/button2.jpg" alt="Reunion Update" onmouseover="FP_swapImg(1,0,/*id*/'img3',/*url*/'photogallery/photo00000071/button3.jpg')" onmouseout="FP_swapImg(0,0,/*id*/'img3',/*url*/'photogallery/photo00000071/button2.jpg')" onmousedown="FP_swapImg(1,0,/*id*/'img3',/*url*/'photogallery/photo00000071/button4.jpg')" onmouseup="FP_swapImg(0,0,/*id*/'img3',/*url*/'photogallery/photo00000071/button3.jpg')" fp-style="fp-btn: Corporate 8; fp-font-size: 14" fp-title="Reunion Update" border="0" height="34" width="170" /></a><br clear="all" />
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Property of Moose & Squirrel LLC, All Rights Reserved.
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a-2-562.org Moose Creek Nike Site
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# A-2-562 [**Moose Creek Nike Site**](#)
* [home](/index.html)
* [IFC Area](page1.html)
* [Launcher Area](page2.html)
* [Site Life](page3.html)
* [Area Pix's](page4.html)
## Welcome
This site is dedicated to preserving
the memories from those who served as the first line of defense
during the Cold War era. Site Tare or A-2-562 was one of 5 Nike
Hercules Batteries that surrounded the Fairbanks/Eielson AFB. The
Anchorage/Elmendorf AFB area had an additional 3 sites. Constructed
in the late 1950's and becoming operational about 1959 these sites
served as our first line of defense for Eielson AFB which was home
to a squadron of KC-135 Tanker Aircraft and a detachment of F-4
Phantom fighters. Also stationed at Eielson were a group of **"Group of Black Aircraft"**namely RB-47's,and U-2'S. The Fairbanks sites were operational
from 1959 till the early 1970's sites at Anchorage remainedoperationaltill 1979. Of all the sites the most intact is **"Site Summit"
at** Anchorage. At site
Tare A-2-562 the launch bunkers have been taken over
by the Army Corps of Engineers they serve as storage for the Chena
Lakes flood control project. Battery A became operational 08:00 10
May 1959 making it the first Nike Battery in Fairbanks / Eielson
area. Site Point was declared operational just 1 month earlier
making it the first site in Alaska.
**[Link to free
E-Book on Army Air Defense](E_Book.html)**
**[](https://nikemissile.org/Humor/Humor.shtml)**
[](reunion_r/index_r2.html)
Reunion 2022 is now history,
after a 3 year pause in reunions there has been a renewed interest
in reconnecting with fellow Alaska Nike Vets. So we completed a
survey of all Alaska Nike Vet's we have on file and have received
132 completed surveys. The results show that New Orleans to be our
reunion location. The reunion was held Oct. 18 to 20 touring the WW2
museum and the French Quarter.
Pictures of Reunion 2016
have not been posted in our reunion section if we receive
photos from 2016 we will add that page to the site. Also
explore previous reunions as we have photo tours of all. At this
time we also have not posted pictures from the New Orleans reunion.
Also with discussion with
people from Anchorage there is some interest in having a 10 year
anniversary reunion of the 2014 "Cold war Conference Reunion"
more on that will be coming.
**Email
[webmaster@a-2-562.org](mailto:webmaster@a-2-562.org)**
[](../roster.html)
[](http://www.1and1.com/?k_id=10789061)
[](secure/secure1.html)
[Eielson AFB Weather
Forecast, AK](http://www.weather.com/weather/local/USAK0075)
var wx\_locID= 'USAK0075';
var wx\_targetDiv = 'wx\_module\_5730';
var wx\_config='SZ=180x150\*WX=FHW\*LNK=SSNL\*UNT=F\*BGI=boat\*MAP=null|null\*DN=a-2-562.org\*TIER=0\*PID=1043961740\*MD5=6659135e8ff65c6370a2b759841b79c6';
document.write('<scr'+'ipt src="'+document.location.protocol+'//wow.weather.com/weather/wow/module/'+wx\_locID+'?config='+wx\_config+'&proto='+document.location.protocol+'&target='+wx\_targetDiv+'"></scr'+'ipt>');
**Links of Interest**
**[Cold War and WWII Secret Stuff](pub%20section/links.html)**
**[Site Summit Links](summit1.html)**
**[Online Air
Defense Museum](http://www.radomes.org/museum)**
**[Ed's Nike Missile
Site](http://www.ed-thelen.org)**
**[New Perk's for all Vets.](perks_1.html)**
**[Nike Historical
Society](http://www.nikemissile.org/)**
**[Alaska Nike Sites](http://www.nikealaska.org/INDEX.html)**
**[The
First ABM Site](http://www.srmsc.org)**
**[Air Defense Today](ada1.html)**
**[Vets Health Issues](medical1.html)**
**[Newsletter Archive](newsletter_s.html)**
[](store1.html)
Thanks
to
[QuestionPro](https://www.questionpro.com/)for providing us
[free survey templates](https://www.questionpro.com/survey-templates/) for running multiple
types of surveys. It aids in strengthening our nonprofit family.
[](reunion_1.html)
Property of Moose & Squirrel LLC, All Rights Reserved.
| http://www.a-2-562.org/ |
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<tr><td class=on><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543526' >Cast</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543559' >Jabba vs. Java</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543605' >Ambush</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543622' >Outtakes</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371114' >Darth vs. Garth</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371191' >Luke's Training</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371255' >Leia's Escape</a><td class=off><a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371291' >Showdown</a></table></td>
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</table>
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<td bgcolor="#fefefe" width="778" valign=top><div style='margin-left: 2px; margin-top: 8px;'><div class='content'><P align=center><FONT size=4>A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away....</FONT></P> <P align=center>(theme music please)</P> <P align=center><IMG height=276 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/starwars.jpg" width=553 align=middle></P> <P align=center><U><FONT size=6>Cast</FONT></U></P> <P align=center><IMG height=306 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1010180.JPG" width=240 align=middle></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Tim as Luke Skywhiner<BR> <HR> </FONT> <P></P> <P align=center><IMG height=358 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004023.jpg" width=230 align=middle></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>and as Storm Trooper<BR> <HR> </FONT> <P></P> <P align=center><IMG height=311 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004043.jpg" width=251 align=middle> </P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Paul as Princess Leia<BR> <HR> <P></P></FONT> <P align=center><IMG height=338 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004020.jpg" width=222 align=middle></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Nan as Darth Vader<BR> <HR> </FONT> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4><IMG height=325 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004024.jpg" width=200 align=middle></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Dan as Garth Vader <HR> <P align=center><IMG height=270 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004020-2.jpg" width=243 align=middle></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Tiffany as the Emperor<BR> <HR> <BR></FONT><BR> <P align=center><IMG height=283 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004019.jpg" width=207 align=middle></P> <P></P></FONT> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Nick as Yoda<BR> <HR> <BR> <P align=center><IMG height=222 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1010197.JPG" width=297 align=middle></FONT></P> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Phil as Jabba the Hutt<BR> <HR> <BR> <P align=center><IMG height=328 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004093.jpg" width=246 align=middle></FONT></P> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Amy as Java the Hat<BR> <HR> <BR> <P align=center><IMG height=365 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004025.jpg" width=271 align=middle></FONT></P> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Taylor as Boba Fett<BR> <HR> <BR> <P align=center></FONT><IMG height=347 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004021-3.jpg" width=204 align=middle></P> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Ruthanne as Chewbacca<BR> <HR> <BR> <P align=center><IMG height=312 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1004021-2.jpg" width=252 align=bottom></FONT></P> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Jill as Ewok<BR> <HR> </FONT> <P></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4><IMG height=320 src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/content/P1010169.JPG" width=202 align=middle></FONT></P> <P align=center><FONT size=4>Monica as Aunt Beru</P></FONT><style type='text/css'>.page table {
border-spacing: 0px; border-collapse: collapse;
}
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margin-left: 12px;
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<td bgcolor="#000000"><img src="http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/skins/default/spacer.gif" height=1 width=1></td>
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<div class='pickles' style="text-align: center; padding-top: 8px">
<a href='http://www.galcon.com/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/galcon.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Galcon" style='border:1px solid black'></a>
<a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/melons.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Watermelons" style='border:1px solid black'></a>
<a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/dynamite.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="Dynamite" style='border:1px solid black'></a>
<a href='http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/'><img src='http://www.imitationpickles.org/miniads/chestival.gif' width=103 height=32 alt="The Hairy Chestival" style='border:1px solid black'></a>
<br>
All content of <a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/">imitation pickles</a>
<a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=copyright">(c) 1999-2008</a> -
<a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/contact.html">Phil Hassey</a>
<B>"<a href="http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=wecare">we care</a>"</b></div>
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July 2004, StarWars Party
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| [Cast](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543526) [Jabba vs. Java](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543559) [Ambush](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543605) [Outtakes](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543622) [Darth vs. Garth](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371114) [Luke's Training](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371191) [Leia's Escape](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371255) [Showdown](http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1099371291) | | | | | | | |
||
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| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| | |
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| --- | --- |
| July 2004, StarWars Party || |
| A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away.... (theme music please) Cast Tim as Luke Skywhiner
---
and as Storm Trooper
---
Paul as Princess Leia
---
Nan as Darth Vader
---
Dan as Garth Vader
---
Tiffany as the Emperor
---
Nick as Yoda
---
Phil as Jabba the Hutt
---
Amy as Java the Hat
---
Taylor as Boba Fett
---
Ruthanne as Chewbacca
---
Jill as Ewok
---
Monica as Aunt Beru.page table {
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|
[](http://www.galcon.com/)
[](http://www.imitationpickles.org/melons/)
[](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pyweek1/)
[](http://www.imitationpickles.org/ld487/)
All content of [imitation pickles](http://www.imitationpickles.org/)
[(c) 1999-2008](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=copyright) -
[Phil Hassey](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles/contact.html)
**"[we care](http://www.imitationpickles.org/pickles1/index.shtml?cur=wecare)"**
| http://www.imitationpickles.org/starwars/1088543526/ |
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An appropriate representation of the requested resource could not be found on this server. This error was generated by Mod\_Security.
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<title>Astronomy Picture of the Day
</title>
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<center>
<h1> Astronomy Picture of the Day </h1>
<p>
<a href="archivepix.html">Discover the cosmos!</a>
Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is
featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
<p>
2023 December 27
<br>
<a href="image/2312/ArchFalls_Pellegrini_2000.jpg"
onMouseOver="if (document.images)
document.imagename1.src='image/2312/ArchFalls_Pellegrini_960_annotated.jpg';"
onMouseOut="if (document.images)
document.imagename1.src='image/2312/ArchFalls_Pellegrini_960.jpg';">
<IMG SRC="image/2312/ArchFalls_Pellegrini_960.jpg" name=imagename1
alt="A waterfall is shown in the image center below a starry
sky. Arching above the waterfall is a colorful aurora. Arching
above the aurora is the central band of the Milky Way.
Please see the explanation for more detailed information."
style="max-width:100%"></a>
</center>
<center>
<b> Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall </b> <br>
<b> Image Credit & Copyright: </b>
<a href="https://www.instagram.com/pels_photo/">Stefano Pellegrini</a>
</center> <p>
<b> Explanation: </b>
Yes, but can your aurora do this?
First, yes,
<a href="https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/aurora/">auroras</a> can look like
<a href="ap140930.html">rainbows</a> even though they are completely different phenomena.
Auroras are caused by Sun-created particles being channeled into
<a href="https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2919/earths-atmosphere-a-multi-layered-cake/"
>Earth's atmosphere</a> by
<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/earths-magnetosphere-3/"
>Earth's magnetic field</a>, and
<a href="https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20056">create colors</a> by exciting
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom">atom</a>s at different heights.
Conversely, <a href="https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/rainbow/"
>rainbows are created</a> by sunlight backscattering off falling raindrops,
and different colors are
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction">refracted</a> by slightly different angles.
<a href="https://media.istockphoto.com/id/854269380/photo/golden-retriever-face-and-hand.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=AzjIMNJB3PqXciBWggT64jmFwCgPw8FTWllTFzf48rM="
>Unfortunately</a>, auroras can’t create waterfalls,
but if you plan well and are lucky enough, you can photograph them together.
The <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/C0j1H5wsAAr/"
>featured picture</a> is composed of several images
taken on the same night last month near the
<a href="https://youtu.be/-eejVvSLQfk">Skógafoss waterfall</a> in
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland">Iceland</a>.
The planning centered on capturing the
<a href="ap230620.html">central band</a> of our
<a href="https://science.nasa.gov/resource/the-milky-way-galaxy/"
>Milky Way galaxy</a> over the
<a href="ap230704.html">picturesque</a>
<a href="ap211101.html">cascade</a>.
By luck, a
<a href="https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5bad12683c000032000b0e42.jpeg"
>spectacular aurora soon appeared</a> just below the curving arch of the Milky Way.
Far in the background, the
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades">Pleiades star cluster</a> and the
<a href="ap231113.html">Andromeda</a> galaxy can be found.
<p> <center>
<b> Your Sky Surprise: </b>
<a href="https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html"
>What picture did APOD feature on your birthday?</a> (post 1995) <br>
<b> Tomorrow's picture: </b>open space
<p> <hr>
<a href="ap231226.html"><</a>
| <a href="archivepix.html">Archive</a>
| <a href="lib/apsubmit2015.html">Submissions</a>
| <a href="lib/aptree.html">Index</a>
| <a href="https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search">Search</a>
| <a href="calendar/allyears.html">Calendar</a>
| <a href="https://apod.com/feed.rss">RSS</a>
| <a href="lib/edlinks.html">Education</a>
| <a href="lib/about_apod.html">About APOD</a>
| <a href=
"https://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=231227">Discuss</a>
| <a href="ap231228.html">></a>
<hr><p>
<b> Authors & editors: </b>
<a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html">Robert Nemiroff</a>
(<a href="http://www.phy.mtu.edu/">MTU</a>) &
<a href="https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html"
>Jerry Bonnell</a> (<a href="http://www.astro.umd.edu/">UMCP</a>)<br>
<b>NASA Official: </b> Phillip Newman
<a href="lib/about_apod.html#srapply">Specific rights apply</a>.<br>
<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html">NASA Web
Privacy Policy and Important Notices</a><br>
<b>A service of:</b>
<a href="https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/">ASD</a> at
<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/">NASA</a> /
<a href="https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/">GSFC</a>,
<br> <a href="https://science.nasa.gov/learners">NASA Science Activation</a>
<br><b>&</b> <a href="http://www.mtu.edu/">Michigan Tech. U.</a><br>
</center>
</body>
</html>
|
Astronomy Picture of the Day
# Astronomy Picture of the Day
[Discover the cosmos!](archivepix.html)
Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is
featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2023 December 27
[](image/2312/ArchFalls_Pellegrini_2000.jpg)
**Rainbow Aurora over Icelandic Waterfall**
**Image Credit & Copyright:**
[Stefano Pellegrini](https://www.instagram.com/pels_photo/)
**Explanation:**
Yes, but can your aurora do this?
First, yes,
[auroras](https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/aurora/) can look like
[rainbows](ap140930.html) even though they are completely different phenomena.
Auroras are caused by Sun-created particles being channeled into
[Earth's atmosphere](https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2919/earths-atmosphere-a-multi-layered-cake/) by
[Earth's magnetic field](https://www.nasa.gov/image-article/earths-magnetosphere-3/), and
[create colors](https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/20056) by exciting
[atom](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom)s at different heights.
Conversely, [rainbows are created](https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/rainbow/) by sunlight backscattering off falling raindrops,
and different colors are
[refracted](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refraction) by slightly different angles.
[Unfortunately](https://media.istockphoto.com/id/854269380/photo/golden-retriever-face-and-hand.jpg?s=612x612&w=0&k=20&c=AzjIMNJB3PqXciBWggT64jmFwCgPw8FTWllTFzf48rM=), auroras can’t create waterfalls,
but if you plan well and are lucky enough, you can photograph them together.
The [featured picture](https://www.instagram.com/p/C0j1H5wsAAr/) is composed of several images
taken on the same night last month near the
[Skógafoss waterfall](https://youtu.be/-eejVvSLQfk) in
[Iceland](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceland).
The planning centered on capturing the
[central band](ap230620.html) of our
[Milky Way galaxy](https://science.nasa.gov/resource/the-milky-way-galaxy/) over the
[picturesque](ap230704.html)
[cascade](ap211101.html).
By luck, a
[spectacular aurora soon appeared](https://img.huffingtonpost.com/asset/5bad12683c000032000b0e42.jpeg) just below the curving arch of the Milky Way.
Far in the background, the
[Pleiades star cluster](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades) and the
[Andromeda](ap231113.html) galaxy can be found.
**Your Sky Surprise:**
[What picture did APOD feature on your birthday?](https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/calendar/allyears.html) (post 1995)
**Tomorrow's picture:** open space
---
[<](ap231226.html)
| [Archive](archivepix.html)
| [Submissions](lib/apsubmit2015.html)
| [Index](lib/aptree.html)
| [Search](https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/apod/apod_search)
| [Calendar](calendar/allyears.html)
| [RSS](https://apod.com/feed.rss)
| [Education](lib/edlinks.html)
| [About APOD](lib/about_apod.html)
| [Discuss](https://asterisk.apod.com/discuss_apod.php?date=231227)
| [>](ap231228.html)
---
**Authors & editors:**
[Robert Nemiroff](http://www.phy.mtu.edu/faculty/Nemiroff.html)
([MTU](http://www.phy.mtu.edu/)) &
[Jerry Bonnell](https://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/htmltest/jbonnell/www/bonnell.html) ([UMCP](http://www.astro.umd.edu/))
**NASA Official:** Phillip Newman
[Specific rights apply](lib/about_apod.html#srapply).
[NASA Web
Privacy Policy and Important Notices](https://www.nasa.gov/about/highlights/HP_Privacy.html)
**A service of:**
[ASD](https://astrophysics.gsfc.nasa.gov/) at
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/) /
[GSFC](https://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/),
[NASA Science Activation](https://science.nasa.gov/learners)
**&** [Michigan Tech. U.](http://www.mtu.edu/)
| https://apod.nasa.gov/apod/astropix.html |
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<font color="#646464"><span class="body">I never found </span></font><font color="#4364a3"><span class="bodyfett"><span class="body">this one source</span></span></font><font color="#646464"><span class="body"> that listed all crop circle events appeared so far ⦠this work is the attempt at fully listing all sightings â regardless of their possible creatorshipâmatter. <br />
<br />
</span></font><font color="#4364a3"><span class="circle_place">7094 </span></font><font color="#646464"><span class="body">crop circles are listed in this archive at the moment.<br />
That makes it the world's largest archive on crop circle sightings. <br />
<br />
</span></font><font color="#4364a3"><a href="donation.html"><span class="cclink">Please support our work!</span></a></font><font color="#646464"><span class="body"><br />
</span></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="15">
<td colspan="12" bgcolor="#ebebdc" width="513" height="15"><font color="#646464"><span class="circle_place">Â Monthly Statistics for 2023<br />
</span><span class="bodyfett"><br />
</span></font></td>
</tr>
<tr height="30">
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">JAN</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">FEB</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">MAR</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">APR</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202305.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">MAY</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202306.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">JUN</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202307.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">JUL</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202308.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">AUG</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">SEP</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">OCT</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949">NOV</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">DEC</font></strong></div>
</td>
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<td width="513" height="5"></td>
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<td width="513" height="5"></td>
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<td width="513" height="5"></td>
</tr>
<tr height="30">
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202305.html"><span class="cclink">2</span></a></font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202306.html"><span class="cclink">11</span></a></font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202307.html"><span class="cclink">12</span></a></font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2023/202308.html"><span class="cclink">6</span></a></font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<font color="#494949">ø</font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="5">
<td colspan="12" width="513" height="5"><br />
</td>
</tr>
<tr height="9">
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" width="513" height="120"><a href="ccdata/2023/08/15/UK20230815_A.html" target="_self"><img src="ccdata/2023/08/15/UK20230815_A_G.jpg" alt="crop circle at Barton Stacey | august 15 2023" width="178" height="129" border="0" /></a></td>
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" width="513" height="120"><a href="ccdata/2023/08/13/UK20230813_A.html" target="_self"><img src="ccdata/2023/08/13/UK20230813_A_G.jpg" alt="crop circle at Roundway Hill | august 13 2023" width="180" height="129" border="0" /></a></td>
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" width="513" height="120"><a href="ccdata/2023/08/10/UK20230810_A.html" target="_self"><img src="ccdata/2023/08/10/UK20230810_A_G.jpg" alt="crop circle at Cley Hill | august 10 2023" width="180" height="129" border="0" /></a></td>
</tr>
<tr height="41">
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" width="513" height="41"><a href="ccdata/2019/02/01/NL20190201_A.html" target="_self"></a><a href="ccdata/2018/05/08/UK20180508_A.html" target="_self"></a>Â <img src="FLAGS/uk.png" alt="" width="18" height="12" border="0" />Â <span class="body">England</span><span class="body"><br />
</span>Â <img src="PIX/day.png" alt="" width="18" height="18" border="0" />Â Â <span class="body">2023 august 15</span></td>
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" height="41"><a href="ccdata/2019/02/01/NL20190201_A.html" target="_self"></a><a href="ccdata/2018/05/08/UK20180508_A.html" target="_self"></a>Â <img src="FLAGS/uk.png" alt="" width="18" height="12" border="0" />Â <span class="body">England</span><span class="body"><br />
</span>Â <img src="PIX/day.png" alt="" width="18" height="18" border="0" />Â Â <span class="body">2023 august 13</span></td>
<td colspan="4" align="left" valign="top" height="41"><a href="ccdata/2019/02/01/NL20190201_A.html" target="_self"></a><a href="ccdata/2018/05/08/UK20180508_A.html" target="_self"></a>Â <img src="FLAGS/uk.png" alt="" width="18" height="12" border="0" />Â <span class="body">England</span><span class="body"><br />
</span>Â <img src="PIX/day.png" alt="" width="18" height="18" border="0" />Â Â <span class="body">2023 august 10</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" width="513">
<div align="left">
<br />
<br />
<font color="#646464"><span class="body">Check previous years below.<br />
<br />
</span></font></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="12" bgcolor="#ebebdc" width="513" height="89"><font color="#646464"><span class="circle_place">Â Statistics for previous years</span><br />
<span class="bodyfett"><br />
</span></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2022/202204.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'22</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"> <strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2021/202105.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'21</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" height="30"><div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2020/202005.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'20</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2022/202204.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">20</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2021/202105.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">31</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" height="30"><div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2020/202005.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">57</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2019/201902.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'19</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2018/201810.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'18</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2017/201710.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'17</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2016/201611.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'16</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30"><div align="center"> <strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2015/201511.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'15</span></a></font></strong></div></td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2014/201411.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'14</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2013/201312.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'13</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2012/201211.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'12</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2011/201112.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'11</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2010/201010.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'10</span></a></font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2019/201902.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">60</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2018/201810.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">64</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2017/201710.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">59</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2016/201611.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">69</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2015/201511.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">88</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"><strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2014/201411.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">108</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2013/201312.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">103</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2012/201211.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">139</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2011/201112.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">128</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2010/201010.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">145</span></a></font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center"></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2009/200912.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'09</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2008/200811.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'08</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2007/200711.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'07</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2006/200612.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">'06</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'05</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'04</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'03</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'02</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'01</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'00</font></strong></div>
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</td>
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</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2009/200912.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">156</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2008/200811.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">178</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2007/200711.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">172</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949"><a href="date/2006/200612.html" target="_self"><span class="cclink">184</span></a></font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">227</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">240</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">277</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">264</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">225</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">292</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'99</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">'98</font></strong></div>
</td>
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<strong><font color="#494949">244</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">297</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">231</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">354</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">286</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">152</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">56</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">67</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">23</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">17</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">16</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">15</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">15</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">20</font></strong></div>
</td>
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</td>
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<strong><font color="#494949">'70ies</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
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<strong><font color="#494949">'60ies</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">'30ies</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">'10ies</font></strong></div>
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<strong><font color="#494949">'00ies</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#d7dcd7" width="513" height="30">
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<strong><font color="#494949">before</font></strong></div>
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
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<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
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<strong><font color="#494949">236</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">153</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">57</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">25</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">15</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">10</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">3</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
<div align="center">
<strong><font color="#494949">1</font></strong></div>
</td>
<td bgcolor="#cccccc" width="513" height="30">
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<strong><font color="#494949">10</font></strong></div>
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cropcirclecenter
[© cropcirclecenter.com](mailto:info@cropcircle-archive.com) â the largest archive on crop circle sightings | [contact](mailto:info@cropcircle-archive.com)
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| Get the **[archive as a PDF vesion](donation.html)** for free. Help us continue wit[h **a small donati**](donation.html)**[on](date/2020/202005.html)**. Thank you! |
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I never found this one source that listed all crop circle events appeared so far ⦠this work is the attempt at fully listing all sightings â regardless of their possible creatorshipâmatter.
7094 crop circles are listed in this archive at the moment.
That makes it the world's largest archive on crop circle sightings.
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| Â Monthly Statistics for 2023
|
| **JAN** | **FEB** | **MAR** | **APR** | **[MAY](date/2023/202305.html)** | **[JUN](date/2023/202306.html)** | **[JUL](date/2023/202307.html)** | **[AUG](date/2023/202308.html)** | **SEP** | **OCT** | **NOV** |
**DEC** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| ø | ø | ø | ø | [2](date/2023/202305.html) | [11](date/2023/202306.html) | [12](date/2023/202307.html) | [6](date/2023/202308.html) | ø | ø | ø |
ø |
| |
| [crop circle at Barton Stacey | august 15 2023](ccdata/2023/08/15/UK20230815_A.html) | [crop circle at Roundway Hill | august 13 2023](ccdata/2023/08/13/UK20230813_A.html) | [crop circle at Cley Hill | august 10 2023](ccdata/2023/08/10/UK20230810_A.html) |
| Â Â England
   2023 august 15 |   England
   2023 august 13 |   England
   2023 august 10 |
|
Check previous years below.
|
| Â Statistics for previous years
|
| | | | | | | | | | **['22](date/2022/202204.html)** | **['21](date/2021/202105.html)** | **['20](date/2020/202005.html)** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | **[20](date/2022/202204.html)** | **[31](date/2021/202105.html)** | **[57](date/2020/202005.html)** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | **['19](date/2019/201902.html)** | **['18](date/2018/201810.html)** | **['17](date/2017/201710.html)** | **['16](date/2016/201611.html)** | **['15](date/2015/201511.html)** |
**['14](date/2014/201411.html)** |
**['13](date/2013/201312.html)** |
**['12](date/2012/201211.html)** |
**['11](date/2011/201112.html)** |
**['10](date/2010/201010.html)** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | **[60](date/2019/201902.html)** | **[64](date/2018/201810.html)** | **[59](date/2017/201710.html)** | **[69](date/2016/201611.html)** | **[88](date/2015/201511.html)** | **[108](date/2014/201411.html)** |
**[103](date/2013/201312.html)** |
**[139](date/2012/201211.html)** |
**[128](date/2011/201112.html)** |
**[145](date/2010/201010.html)** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**['09](date/2009/200912.html)** |
**['08](date/2008/200811.html)** |
**['07](date/2007/200711.html)** |
**['06](date/2006/200612.html)** |
**'05** |
**'04** |
**'03** |
**'02** |
**'01** |
**'00** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**[156](date/2009/200912.html)** |
**[178](date/2008/200811.html)** |
**[172](date/2007/200711.html)** |
**[184](date/2006/200612.html)** |
**227** |
**240** |
**277** |
**264** |
**225** |
**292** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**'99** |
**'98** |
**'97** |
**'96** |
**'95** |
**'94** |
**'93** |
**'92** |
**'91** |
**'90** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**280** |
**287** |
**262** |
**328** |
**244** |
**297** |
**231** |
**354** |
**286** |
**286** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**'89** |
**'88** |
**'87** |
**'86** |
**'85** |
**'84** |
**'83** |
**'82** |
**'81** |
**'80** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**152** |
**56** |
**67** |
**25** |
**23** |
**17** |
**16** |
**15** |
**15** |
**20** |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**'70ies** |
**'60ies** |
**'50ies** |
**'40ies** |
**'30ies** |
**'20ies** |
**'10ies** |
**'00ies** |
**before** | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
**236** |
**153** |
**57** |
**25** |
**15** |
**10** |
**3** |
**1** |
**10** | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
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<!--<a href="/slideshow/us/chi.htm"><img border=0 src="millpark.jpg"><br><font size=1>Images of Chicago</font></a>-->
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<td align="center"><a href="/slideshow/us/chi.htm" target="new"><img alt="Images of Chicago" src="chi.jpg" border="0" height="100" width="200"><br><font size="1">Chicago</font></a></td>
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<td face="arial" align="center"><a href="/slideshow/aus/syd.htm" target="new"><img alt="Images of Sydney" src="syd.jpg" border="0" height="100" width="200"><br><font size="1">Sydney</font></a></td>
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<h1><font color="#ffffa0" face="amaze" size="7">Travel Photo Gallery</font></h1>
<font color="#b9d3ee" face="arial" size="4">A collection of javascript slideshows of photos of<br><h2>Asia, Oceania and North America</h2></font>
<p>
<font color=00ff00 size=-1>(all images within this site are copyrighted by <a href="mailto:asiatrav@gmail.com" rel="nofollow">Hugh Webb</a>)
<br>
December 4, 2023</font>
<p><br><br>
<table width="800">
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<tr><td>
X
<table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0">
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<center>
<tr><td rowspan="3" align="right" valign="top"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>United States</b></font></td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/us/chi.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Chicago</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/us/nyc.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">New York City</font></a><font face=arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">
</font></font></td></tr>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/us/tuc.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Tucson</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan=1 valign=top align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Australia</b></font></td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/aus/syd.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Sydney Harbor</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/aus/adelaide.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Adelaide</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/aus/dar.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Darwin</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan=3 valign=top align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>New Zealand</td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/nz/chch.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Christchurch</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<tr><td><a href="/slideshow/nz/queen.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Queenstown</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/nz/rot.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Rotorua</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
</td></tr>
<!--
<tr><td rowspan=3 valign=top align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Chile</td>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/chile/puertomontt.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Puerto Montt</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/chile/patagonia.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Patagonia</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr><td valign=top align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Argentina</td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/arg/baires.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Buenos Aires</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<tr><td align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Southeast Asia</b></font></td>
<td><a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/300x200/slide.htm" rel="nofollow" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">General </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">(300x200)
</font></font></td></tr>
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<tr><td rowspan="3" align="right" valign="top"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Singapore</b></font></td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/sg/sg.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">General </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">(680x450)
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<td><a href="/slideshow/sg/sing.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Images from recent trips </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="/slideshow/sg/nog.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">National Orchid Garden </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr><td align="right"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Malaysia</b></font></td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/my/my.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3"> General </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">(680x450)
</font></font></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="5" align="right" valign="top"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>China</b></font></td>
<!--<td><a href="/slideshow/china/bei.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3"> Beijing</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>-->
<td><a href="/slideshow/hk/hkn.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Recent images of Hong Kong </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/hk/hk.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">General </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">(680x450)</font></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="/slideshow/hk/polin.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Po Lin Monastery </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/hk/hkg.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Hong Kong Glass </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<td><a href="/slideshow/china/mac.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3"> Macau</font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr><td rowspan="6" align="right" valign="top"><font face="arial" size="3"><b>Thailand</b></font></td>
<td><a href="/slideshow/th/bk.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Bangkok </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/th/gpp.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">The Grand Palace Complex </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/grand/grand.htm" rel="nofollow" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">The Grand Palace </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"> </font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/oriental.htm" rel="nofollow" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">The Oriental </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/th/cm.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Chiang Mai </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<td>
<a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/th/orc.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Sai Nam Phung Orchid Garden </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2">(680x450)</font></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/th/maehong.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Mae Hong Son </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"> (500x335 Java Slide Show)</font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="http://www.geocities.com/asiatrav/th/karen.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">A Karen Village </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"> (500x335 Java Slide Show)</font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/th/cr.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Chiang Rai </font><font face="arial" size="3"></a><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<a href="/slideshow/th/sm.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Koh Samui </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font></td></tr>
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<a href="/slideshow/th/krabi.htm" target="new"><font face="arial" size="3">Krabi </font></a><font face="arial" size="3"><font color="#ffffff" size="2"></font></font>
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<a href="/slideshow/us/nyc.htm"><img border=0 src="thegates.jpg"><br><font size=1>New York City</font></a>
<p><br>
<a href=".."><font color="80ff80" face="arial" size="4">South-East Asia Directory</font></a>
<p>
<a href="/slideshow/satviews_seasia.htm"><font color="80ff80" face="arial" size="4">Asia Satellite Images and Political Maps</font></a> </font><p>
<br><br>
<a href="/slideshow/th/cm.htm"><img border=0 src="b7.jpg"><br><font size=1>Chiang Mai</font></a>
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Travel Photo Gallery
| | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [Images of ChicagoChicago](/slideshow/us/chi.htm) | [Images of Queenstown (NZ)Queenstown (NZ)](/slideshow/nz/queen.htm) | [Images of MacauMacau](/slideshow/china/mac.htm) | [Images of SydneySydney](/slideshow/aus/syd.htm) |
# Travel Photo Gallery
A collection of javascript slideshows of photos of
## Asia, Oceania and North America
(all images within this site are copyrighted by [Hugh Webb](mailto:asiatrav@gmail.com))
December 4, 2023
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
|
X
| **United States** | [Chicago](/slideshow/us/chi.htm) |
| [New York City](/slideshow/us/nyc.htm)
|
| [Tucson](/slideshow/us/tuc.htm) |
| **Australia** | [Sydney Harbor](/slideshow/aus/syd.htm) |
| **New Zealand** | [Christchurch](/slideshow/nz/chch.htm) |
| [Queenstown](/slideshow/nz/queen.htm) |
| [Rotorua](/slideshow/nz/rot.htm) |
| **Singapore** | [General](/slideshow/sg/sg.htm) (680x450)
|
| [Images from recent trips](/slideshow/sg/sing.htm) |
| [National Orchid Garden](/slideshow/sg/nog.htm) |
| **Malaysia** | [General](/slideshow/my/my.htm) (680x450)
|
| **China** | [Recent images of Hong Kong](/slideshow/hk/hkn.htm) |
| [General](/slideshow/hk/hk.htm) (680x450) |
| [Po Lin Monastery](/slideshow/hk/polin.htm) |
| [Hong Kong Glass](/slideshow/hk/hkg.htm) |
| [Macau](/slideshow/china/mac.htm) |
| **Thailand** | [Bangkok](/slideshow/th/bk.htm) |
| [The Grand Palace Complex](/slideshow/th/gpp.htm) |
| [Chiang Mai](/slideshow/th/cm.htm) |
| [Chiang Rai](/slideshow/th/cr.htm) |
| [Koh Samui](/slideshow/th/sm.htm) |
| [Krabi](/slideshow/th/krabi.htm) |
| [New York City](/slideshow/us/nyc.htm)
[South-East Asia Directory](..)
[Asia Satellite Images and Political Maps](/slideshow/satviews_seasia.htm)
[Chiang Mai](/slideshow/th/cm.htm)
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<HTML><HEAD><TITLE>The Bridges of New York City</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY BACKGROUND="" BGCOLOR="#808080"
TEXT="#000000" LINK="#600060" ALINK="#ff00ff" VLINK="#500050">
<CENTER><H1>
<IMG SRC="bridges.gif" ALT="The Bridges of New York City">
</H1> </CENTER>
I was born in Queens, but my family moved out to
suburban Long Island when I was four and I never
got to feel like a city kid. I moved back to Queens
as an adult, after I got married and accepted an
offer to work as a computer programmer for
a Wall Street bank.<P>
I took the job mainly because I wanted to see what it was like
to live and work in New York City. I wanted to have a desk
inside a monumental glass skyscraper and buy lunch from
a hot dog vendor in front of the Stock Exchange. I didn't
think much about what it would be like to work for a huge
multinational bank, except that it seemed a kind of unreal thing
for me to be doing. The belly of the beast and all that.
I'll try anything once. <P>
I quickly discovered that none of my co-workers found
working in the financial district
the least bit exciting. This puzzled me at first. We
were located on one of the most famous streets
in the world, the entire city gleamed like Disneyland
outside the polished marble walls of our building, yet nobody
seemed to care about this at all. In fact, I soon began to notice
that everyone I worked with went to great lengths to
avoid ever venturing forth into the city, and saved
their shopping errands for weekends, when they could
peruse the malls of the suburban neighborhoods where they
lived. <P>
I found a stunning numbness here, an almost hostile
indifference to the beauty of the world outside our
office building. I remember walking back to work with my
boss after a lunch that lasted too long. We were late
for a meeting, and we bumped into a huge crowd that ran
all the way from the Stock Exchange to Trinity
Church. It turned out there was a ticker tape parade
going on for the New York Rangers, who two days earlier
had won the Stanley Cup for the first time in fifty years.
Do you think my boss stopped to cheer? No, he cursed at the
crowd like Ebenezer Scrooge and fought his way to the other side
of the street, leading me sheepishly behind. <P>
It isn't just that everybody hates the city; the more time I
spend with these people the more I understand that they
hate <I>everything</I>. Or at least they seem to, because it is the
culture of Wall Street to never show joy. Maybe some of my co-workers
lead wonderful lives at home; similarly, I bet some
of the Puritans of colonial New England had great sex behind
closed doors. In public, though, we are <I>busy, busy, busy</I>.<P>
I don't play along with this. I'm a good programmer and I like
to make my projects succeed, but I don't let it ruin my mood when
things go wrong or deadlines slip. I also don't take work home with me,
and I don't wear a beeper. This may seem normal to you, but on Wall
Street this is what is known as a 'bad attitude.' If my technical
skills were not in demand I would not be tolerated here at all. <P>
Once after a hysterical meeting in which it was announced that
a project had gone over budget and missed a deadline, I broke
the mortified silence to say "Well anyway, it's a beautiful
day out, so who really gives a fuck?" I do this sort
of thing on purpose, just to see what happens. I can
now tell you from personal experience that this particular
sentiment is met with blank stares and total silence
when uttered on Wall Street.<P>
We are only supposed to think about our work.
We sit timidly in cubicles and
strain to finish our Microsoft Word
documents about PowerBuilder applications and
Novell Networks so we can send them
to each other via Lotus Notes.
We allow our software to tug us around by our nose rings
like tamed bulls and cows in a mechanical farm,
because our software seems to know mysterious things
we do not know, because we are terrified of
diverging from the proper path and getting into trouble.
Those who are already in trouble walk the halls with
hollow eyes holding styrofoam cups of coffee, clamoring to
rescue themselves by figuring out the
meaning of esoteric terms like object-oriented methodology
or client-server architecture. They
babble insanely about these terms until everybody
who listens to them is confused. Eventually
these people disappear like dandelions in the fall.<P>
Surrounding all this inanity, there is the city itself.
I don't even know why I love New York City as much as I do. I've
loved it since I was a kid, when I used to build scale models
of the Empire State Building with Lego blocks instead of
playing with Matchbox cars. I yearn to know every subway
stop, every bodega and playground. I haven't been to Club Med
or St. Kitts yet, and when somebody asks me about this
I think, why should I go? There are still neighborhoods in the
Bronx I haven't visited. <P>
I know a lot of out-of-towners hate the city, and I'll often
find myself talking to a visitor from Maine or Oregon or
Nebraska who wishes to inform me just exactly how rotten the
Big Apple is in his perception. I don't have any problem with this;
in fact I think it is a healthy thing for a person to love his own
hometown and hate every other place in the world. I'll tell this
person in turn what he can do with his redwood trees or soybean
silos, and we'll have a grand old time and part the best of friends.<P>
What I <I>do</I> have a problem with is people who
don't love their own hometowns. People
who sit at their desks and don't look out the windows.
People who've worked on Wall Street for ten years and
never wandered inside Trinity Church -- who don't even
know that they're <I>allowed</I> to wander inside Trinity Church.<P>
Or people who live in New York City and never
walk across a bridge. Manhattan's bridges are not the familiar
kind of vast sterile structures that connect the interstate
highways of America. We have a couple of those, but
most of our bridges belong to the streets. They're
right around the corner, next to the deli on Delancey Street,
beyond a decayed marble entrance on Canal, tucked away behind
City Hall. And each bridge has its own unique personality.<P>
<IMG SRC="brdg_qb1.gif">
The Queensboro Bridge is gloriously noisy and mechanical. You
walk on metal graters that vibrate as the traffic zooms by. There's
something dangerous and exciting about this sensation. Simon &
Garfunkel sang a song about the Queensboro Bridge
and called it the 59th Street Bridge
Song. <I>"Slow down, you move too fast ..."</I><P>
<IMG SRC="brdg_gw1.gif">
The George Washington Bridge is stately and elegant. The pillars
are square-edged and silver. If you walk towards Fort Lee you see the
bridge disappear silently into the trees of the New Jersey cliffs like
a hand into a glove.<P>
<IMG SRC="brdg_wl1.gif">
The Williamsburg Bridge glides like a low-flying bat from
Brooklyn near the Navy Yard to Delancey Street on the Lower
East Side of Manhattan. This bridge once belonged to the factory
workers of Brooklyn's industrial waterfront and the Irish and
Italian and Jewish and Chinese immigrants of old New York. Like
these ancestors, it is unglamorous and appears lonely. Its
beauty is harsh and sad.<P>
<IMG SRC="brdg_mn1.gif">
The Manhattan Bridge is art-deco and minimalist. It belongs to
the Jazz Age. I picture Jay Gatsby and Daisy driving on this
bridge during one of their mindless jaunts into New York.<P>
<IMG SRC="brdg_bk2.gif">
The Brooklyn Bridge is closest to Wall Street, and it is the masterpiece
of the bunch. The towers are built of brown blocks of
stone. The walkway is laid with wooden planks instead of metal
graters, and it goes down the center of the bridge, elevated
above the cars. On this bridge, for once, the walker feels more
important than the driver.<P>
You've seen the design of the cables in cubist paintings and
Absolut Vodka ads. You can walk right up to one of the towers
and look up: the sky is cut into a thousand polygons above you.
The polygons shift as you walk. You look back at Manhattan and
see that the city is reduced to a mere element in a greater tableau.
The stark boxes of the World Trade Center, the marble edifices
around City Hall, the gleaming modern skyscrapers of Wall Street
and South Street ... they bloom silently. The blue waters of the
East River lap restlessly below.<P>
Stand here, and it is impossible to care about a project or a deadline.
Water is the antithesis of anxiety; it is inexorable and has no cohesion,
but it travels with the strength of karma. To look at water, to grasp its
rhythm and feel its flow, is to be calmed. <P>
I stare at the East River during an annoying day at work, and I feel my
life trickle back into my body like sap dripping backwards into a tree.<P>
This is how I stay sane on Wall Street. These are the bridges of
New York City.<P>
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| The Bridges of New York City
#
The Bridges of New York City
I was born in Queens, but my family moved out to
suburban Long Island when I was four and I never
got to feel like a city kid. I moved back to Queens
as an adult, after I got married and accepted an
offer to work as a computer programmer for
a Wall Street bank.
I took the job mainly because I wanted to see what it was like
to live and work in New York City. I wanted to have a desk
inside a monumental glass skyscraper and buy lunch from
a hot dog vendor in front of the Stock Exchange. I didn't
think much about what it would be like to work for a huge
multinational bank, except that it seemed a kind of unreal thing
for me to be doing. The belly of the beast and all that.
I'll try anything once.
I quickly discovered that none of my co-workers found
working in the financial district
the least bit exciting. This puzzled me at first. We
were located on one of the most famous streets
in the world, the entire city gleamed like Disneyland
outside the polished marble walls of our building, yet nobody
seemed to care about this at all. In fact, I soon began to notice
that everyone I worked with went to great lengths to
avoid ever venturing forth into the city, and saved
their shopping errands for weekends, when they could
peruse the malls of the suburban neighborhoods where they
lived.
I found a stunning numbness here, an almost hostile
indifference to the beauty of the world outside our
office building. I remember walking back to work with my
boss after a lunch that lasted too long. We were late
for a meeting, and we bumped into a huge crowd that ran
all the way from the Stock Exchange to Trinity
Church. It turned out there was a ticker tape parade
going on for the New York Rangers, who two days earlier
had won the Stanley Cup for the first time in fifty years.
Do you think my boss stopped to cheer? No, he cursed at the
crowd like Ebenezer Scrooge and fought his way to the other side
of the street, leading me sheepishly behind.
It isn't just that everybody hates the city; the more time I
spend with these people the more I understand that they
hate *everything*. Or at least they seem to, because it is the
culture of Wall Street to never show joy. Maybe some of my co-workers
lead wonderful lives at home; similarly, I bet some
of the Puritans of colonial New England had great sex behind
closed doors. In public, though, we are *busy, busy, busy*.
I don't play along with this. I'm a good programmer and I like
to make my projects succeed, but I don't let it ruin my mood when
things go wrong or deadlines slip. I also don't take work home with me,
and I don't wear a beeper. This may seem normal to you, but on Wall
Street this is what is known as a 'bad attitude.' If my technical
skills were not in demand I would not be tolerated here at all.
Once after a hysterical meeting in which it was announced that
a project had gone over budget and missed a deadline, I broke
the mortified silence to say "Well anyway, it's a beautiful
day out, so who really gives a fuck?" I do this sort
of thing on purpose, just to see what happens. I can
now tell you from personal experience that this particular
sentiment is met with blank stares and total silence
when uttered on Wall Street.
We are only supposed to think about our work.
We sit timidly in cubicles and
strain to finish our Microsoft Word
documents about PowerBuilder applications and
Novell Networks so we can send them
to each other via Lotus Notes.
We allow our software to tug us around by our nose rings
like tamed bulls and cows in a mechanical farm,
because our software seems to know mysterious things
we do not know, because we are terrified of
diverging from the proper path and getting into trouble.
Those who are already in trouble walk the halls with
hollow eyes holding styrofoam cups of coffee, clamoring to
rescue themselves by figuring out the
meaning of esoteric terms like object-oriented methodology
or client-server architecture. They
babble insanely about these terms until everybody
who listens to them is confused. Eventually
these people disappear like dandelions in the fall.
Surrounding all this inanity, there is the city itself.
I don't even know why I love New York City as much as I do. I've
loved it since I was a kid, when I used to build scale models
of the Empire State Building with Lego blocks instead of
playing with Matchbox cars. I yearn to know every subway
stop, every bodega and playground. I haven't been to Club Med
or St. Kitts yet, and when somebody asks me about this
I think, why should I go? There are still neighborhoods in the
Bronx I haven't visited.
I know a lot of out-of-towners hate the city, and I'll often
find myself talking to a visitor from Maine or Oregon or
Nebraska who wishes to inform me just exactly how rotten the
Big Apple is in his perception. I don't have any problem with this;
in fact I think it is a healthy thing for a person to love his own
hometown and hate every other place in the world. I'll tell this
person in turn what he can do with his redwood trees or soybean
silos, and we'll have a grand old time and part the best of friends.
What I *do* have a problem with is people who
don't love their own hometowns. People
who sit at their desks and don't look out the windows.
People who've worked on Wall Street for ten years and
never wandered inside Trinity Church -- who don't even
know that they're *allowed* to wander inside Trinity Church.
Or people who live in New York City and never
walk across a bridge. Manhattan's bridges are not the familiar
kind of vast sterile structures that connect the interstate
highways of America. We have a couple of those, but
most of our bridges belong to the streets. They're
right around the corner, next to the deli on Delancey Street,
beyond a decayed marble entrance on Canal, tucked away behind
City Hall. And each bridge has its own unique personality.
The Queensboro Bridge is gloriously noisy and mechanical. You
walk on metal graters that vibrate as the traffic zooms by. There's
something dangerous and exciting about this sensation. Simon &
Garfunkel sang a song about the Queensboro Bridge
and called it the 59th Street Bridge
Song. *"Slow down, you move too fast ..."*
The George Washington Bridge is stately and elegant. The pillars
are square-edged and silver. If you walk towards Fort Lee you see the
bridge disappear silently into the trees of the New Jersey cliffs like
a hand into a glove.
The Williamsburg Bridge glides like a low-flying bat from
Brooklyn near the Navy Yard to Delancey Street on the Lower
East Side of Manhattan. This bridge once belonged to the factory
workers of Brooklyn's industrial waterfront and the Irish and
Italian and Jewish and Chinese immigrants of old New York. Like
these ancestors, it is unglamorous and appears lonely. Its
beauty is harsh and sad.
The Manhattan Bridge is art-deco and minimalist. It belongs to
the Jazz Age. I picture Jay Gatsby and Daisy driving on this
bridge during one of their mindless jaunts into New York.
The Brooklyn Bridge is closest to Wall Street, and it is the masterpiece
of the bunch. The towers are built of brown blocks of
stone. The walkway is laid with wooden planks instead of metal
graters, and it goes down the center of the bridge, elevated
above the cars. On this bridge, for once, the walker feels more
important than the driver.
You've seen the design of the cables in cubist paintings and
Absolut Vodka ads. You can walk right up to one of the towers
and look up: the sky is cut into a thousand polygons above you.
The polygons shift as you walk. You look back at Manhattan and
see that the city is reduced to a mere element in a greater tableau.
The stark boxes of the World Trade Center, the marble edifices
around City Hall, the gleaming modern skyscrapers of Wall Street
and South Street ... they bloom silently. The blue waters of the
East River lap restlessly below.
Stand here, and it is impossible to care about a project or a deadline.
Water is the antithesis of anxiety; it is inexorable and has no cohesion,
but it travels with the strength of karma. To look at water, to grasp its
rhythm and feel its flow, is to be calmed.
I stare at the East River during an annoying day at work, and I feel my
life trickle back into my body like sap dripping backwards into a tree.
This is how I stay sane on Wall Street. These are the bridges of
New York City.
[Next ...](../Where/Where.html)
[Queensboro Ballads](../Queensboro.html)
by
[Levi Asher](http://www.litkicks.com/HomePages/LeviAsher.html)
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