metadata

license: cc-by-4.0
configs:
  - config_name: wsc273
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: wsc273/test-*.parquet
  - config_name: wsc285
    data_files:
      - split: test
        path: wsc285/test-*.parquet

The original Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) as hosted by Ernest Davis

Dataset Description

Homepage: https://cs.nyu.edu/faculty/davise/papers/WinogradSchemas/WS.html
Paper: https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.729.9814&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Dataset Summary

The original Winograd Schema Challenge (WSC) consisted of 136 schemas resulting in 273 problems. This was later expanded to 150 schemas resulting in 285 problems.

A Winograd schema is a pair of sentences that differ in only one or two words and that contain an ambiguity that is resolved in opposite ways in the two sentences and requires the use of world knowledge and reasoning for its resolution. The schema takes its name from a well-known example by Terry Winograd:

The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they [feared/advocated] violence.

If the word is "feared", then "they" presumably refers to the city council; if it is "advocated" then "they" presumably refers to the demonstrators.

Dataset Structure

Data Instances

Each instance contains a text passage with a designated pronoun and two possible answers indicating which entity in the passage the pronoun represents. An example instance looks like the following:

{
  'label': 0,
  'options': ['The city councilmen', 'The demonstrators'],
  'pronoun': 'they',
  'pronoun_loc': 63,
  'quote': 'they feared violence',
  'quote_loc': 63,
  'source': '(Winograd 1972)',
  'text': 'The city councilmen refused the demonstrators a permit because they feared violence.'
}

Data Fields

text (str): The text sequence
options (list[str]): The two entity options that the pronoun may be referring to
label (int): The index of the correct option in the options field
pronoun (str): The pronoun in the sequence to be resolved
pronoun_loc (int): The starting position of the pronoun in the sequence
quote (str): The substr with the key action or context surrounding the pronoun
quote_loc (int): The starting position of the quote in the sequence
source (str): A description of the source who contributed the example

Licensing Information

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Citation Information

The Winograd Schema Challenge including many of the examples here was proposed by Levesque et al 2012:

@inproceedings{levesque2012winograd,
  title={The winograd schema challenge},
  author={Levesque, Hector and Davis, Ernest and Morgenstern, Leora},
  booktitle={Thirteenth International Conference on the Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning},
  year={2012},
  organization={Citeseer}
}

Contributions

Modified from loading script of: @joeddav.