Modernism
 Modernism is marked by a rejection of tradition, and an interest in new ways of doing old things. Also, there was a belief that the application of science and technology could change the world for the better. The changes began in the late 19th century and carried on until about 1950. The details differ greatly, and the term covers some movements which are somewhat contradictory. Lewis, Pericles 2000, 'Modernism, nationalism, and the novel'. Cambridge University Press.