Combat stress reaction History
These centers avoided the use of terms like war neurosis and shell shock. The PIE principles stand for proximity, immediacy, and expectancy. Proximity means treat the casualties close to the front line. Immediacy means treat them without delay and do not wait until the physically wounded are treated. Expectancy means ensure every casualty expects to return to combat. These numbers do not include numbers of causalities that were ineffective when returned to combat. Edgar Jones and Simon Wessely. Apr 1, 2005.