Pigment
The first synthetic dye was aniline. Aniline is an organic chemical compound produced in two stages from benzene. It gives a mauve color which was much used for dyeing clothes in the 19th century. William Henry Perkin. Apparently, it gave a brilliant fuchsia color when first applied, but fades rapidly to mauve. Druding, Susan C. 1982. Dye history from 2600 BC to the 20th century.