5.  The applicant was born on 30 November 1991. On 13 September 2007, at the age of fifteen, the applicant was arrested in Qaqortoq, Greenland, charged with rape and homicide under section 216, subsection 2, and section 237 of the Danish Penal Code (Straffeloven) committed on 26 May 2007 against an eighty-five year-old lady, who lived in Aalborg, Denmark, where the applicant at the relevant time attended a youth school institution. The case received massive media coverage, both before and after the police investigation that led to the applicant being charged.
6.  The applicant was brought before Qaqortoq County Court (Qaqortoq Kredsret) and pleaded guilty to both charges. He was ordered to be held in pre-trial detention for four weeks. A request by the lay representative (bisidder) that the applicant be placed in an institution in Greenland during the investigation was disregarded.
7. After a week, the applicant was transferred to Denmark and brought before the City Court in Aalborg (Retten i Aalborg) which on 20 September 2007, by virtue of section 762, subsection 2(i), of the Administration of Justice Act (Retsplejeloven), extended the detention on remand until 11 October 2007 and until his placement in an appropriate home or institution could be secured as set out in section 765, subsections 1 and 2(iii) of the Administration of Justice Act. It further decided that the applicant should undergo a forensic psychiatric examination. The latter was formally requested by the public prosecutor on 23 October 2007 and commenced at the Forensic Psychiatric Department at Aarhus University Hospital on 21 November 2007.
8.  On 21 September 2007 the applicant was transferred to a closed young offender institution. On 10 October 2007 he was transferred to a secure residential institution called “Grenen” for young people aged between 12 and 17 who had committed a crime or otherwise displayed dangerous conduct. One of the objects of that particular institution was that the young people placed there were given such care, upbringing and help with development that they would be able to function in society later on. The young people had a well-structured daily routine with education, workshops and leisure-time activities, and with limit-setting adults with strong contact skills to support them.
9.  The applicant’s detention in the institution was extended by four weeks by the City Court in Aalborg on 11 October, 8 November and 6 December 2007.
10.  In a letter of 21 December 2007 the prosecution informed the applicant’s counsel that the investigation was by and large complete and awaited only a report from the forensic psychiatric examination.
11.  The applicant’s detention was extended for four weeks on 3 January 2008.
12.  On 22 January 2008 the forensic psychiatric report (retspsykiatrisk erklæring) was submitted. It concluded that the applicant was covered by Article 16, subsection 2, of the Penal Code concerning mentally ill persons and recommended that a judgment be passed to place the applicant in an appropriate institution for patients with a far-reaching mental handicap.
13.  On 31 January 2008 the applicant’s detention was extended, inter alia, in order for the Medico-Legal Council (Retslægerådet) to be heard on the forensic psychiatric report.
14.  The City Court in Aalborg extended the applicant’s detention by four weeks on 28 February, 27 March, 24 April, 22 May, 19 June, 17 July and 14 August 2008. On the latter two dates the domestic courts added that the conditions for extending the detention were fulfilled, also under section 768a of the Administration of Justice Act, which entered into force on 1 July 2008 (see below).
15.  In the meantime, on 14 March 2008 the report from the Medico‑Legal Council was submitted, which concluded that the applicant was considered to fall within section 16, subsection 2, of the Penal Code. Moreover, if the applicant were convicted, a sentence of placement in an institution for persons with extensive mental disabilities as provided by section 68, second sentence, was recommended as the most expedient measure to prevent further similar offences.
16.  As a standard practice regarding persons falling within section 16, subsection 2, of the Penal Code, on 4 April 2008 the public prosecutor requested an opinion from the Joint Council for the Mentally Disabled (Samrådet for udviklingshæmmede) of Aalborg Municipality on the basis of the forensic psychiatric report and the recommendation of the Medico-Legal Council.
17.  On 21 April 2008, an opinion was received from the Joint Council for the Mentally Disabled, which found that the documentation for considering the applicant to fall within section 16, subsection 2 of the Penal Code was inadequate. It therefore urged a further examination of the case before a decision was made. Accordingly, a new forensic psychiatric report was requested.
18.  Originally, the trial was scheduled to commence on 11 September 2008, but it had to be re-scheduled for 13 and 14 November 2008 pending the completion of the second forensic psychiatric report. On the former date, for the first time the applicant objected to an extension of the pre-trial detention. He referred to the fact that section 768a of the Administration of Justice Act, which had entered into force on 1 July 2008, specifically limited pre-trial detention of persons under eighteen years to a period not exceeding eight months.
19.  By decision of 11 September 2008, still by virtue of section 762, subsection 2(i), of the Administration of Justice Act, the City Court in Aalborg extended the applicant’s pre-trial detention until 9 October 2008 and stated:
[The applicant] is charged with rape and homicide committed on 26 May 2007. The pre-trial detention is thus justified by a charge of a very serious crime which has also been admitted to by [the applicant], and according to the information available it must be concluded that the reason why the case has not yet come to trial is the need to clarify the most expedient sanction, both in consideration of society and in consideration of [the applicant] himself. Although the length of the pre-trial detention exceeds the period stated as the maximum period in section 768a of the Administration of Justice Act, the court therefore finds that such very particular circumstances (helt særlige omstændigheder) apply as to provide a reason for deviating from the maximum period in section 768a, and the request for extension is therefore allowed.
20.  On appeal on 19 September 2008 the High Court of Western Denmark (Vestre Landsret), henceforth the High Court, upheld the decision.
21.  The applicant did not apply for leave to appeal against the decision to the Supreme Court (Højesteret).
22.  On 9 October 2008 the City Court in Aalborg extended the applicant’s detention in the closed youth institution by four weeks.
23.  On 6 November 2008 the City Court in Aalborg extended the applicant’s detention by another four weeks. It noted that the second forensic psychiatric report had been submitted on 3 November 2008 and that it was of significant importance to hear the Medico-Legal Council in this respect. It repeated that such very particular circumstances applied as to provide a reason for deviating from the maximum period in section 768a of the Administration of Justice and that an extension could not be considered in breach of Article 5 § 3 of the Convention. Accordingly, the trial had to be rescheduled anew.
24.  The applicant appealed against the decision to the High Court, which on 14 November 2008 upheld the decision. Leave to appeal to the Supreme Court was refused on 19 December 2008 by the Leave-to‑Appeal Board (Procesbevillingsnævnet).
25.  In the meantime, on 10 December 2008 the second report from the Medico Legal Council was submitted. It concluded that the applicant’s case did not fall under section 16, subsection 2, of the Penal Code, as found in its first report, but under Section 69 of the Penal Code in that his actions had been conditioned by deficient development, reduction or disturbance of mental functions which, from a medical point of view, on the one hand could suggest a sentence to structured, controlled socio-psychiatric treatment, and on the other hand could not rule out ordinary imprisonment. The Medico-Legal Council was unable to point to any other measures under section 68, second sentence, of the Penal Code that were more expedient than ordinary punishment. The Medico-Legal Council did find it relevant though, from a purely medical point of view, to order the applicant to undergo a structured, supervised socio-pedagogical measure as provided for by section 74a of the Penal Code. If such sanction was not feasible, the imposition of ordinary punishment was recommended.
26.  Moreover, in the meantime, on 4 and 17 December 2008, and subsequently on 13 January 2009 the City Court in Aalborg extended the applicant’s detention, stating expressly that an extension would not be contrary to Article 5 § 3 of the Convention. The trial had been scheduled to take place on 27 January 2009, and if necessary also on 2 and 4 February 2009.
27.  By judgment of 27 January 2009 the City Court in Aalborg convicted the applicant in accordance with the indictment and his own confession. It was established as a fact that the applicant had gained access to the victim’s apartment because he wanted access to a telephone. Having raped the victim, he killed her by inflicting several blows, kicks and knife lesions to the head, neck and body. Thereafter he had left the scene of the crime, walked to town and called the youth school institution to be collected. He did not talk to anybody about the crime until he had been arrested. The applicant was sentenced to eight years’ imprisonment. The City Court refuted the applicant’s complaint about the length of the detention and the length of the trial and stated that even though the proceedings had taken more than sixteen months from the applicant’s deprivation of liberty, their length could not lead to a reduction of the sentence as the completion of the two mental status examinations of the applicant- and the submission of the case to the Medico-Legal Council had been of vital significance for determining the sanction to be imposed. Moreover, it found that the public prosecutor had conducted the proceedings with due diligence.
28.  On appeal, on 4 June 2009 the High Court upheld the judgment in its entirety and stated, among other things: “For the reasons stated by the District Court and because the length of the proceedings cannot be attributed to ‘periods of inactivity’ of any importance for sentencing purposes in view of the nature of the case, [the High Court] agrees that the length of the proceedings has not been attributed importance as a mitigating factor. Accordingly, and in view of the very significant gravity of the offences, including the particular ruthlessness exhibited by [the applicant], the fact that the offences were committed in the victim’s own home, and the fact that the victim was a defenceless eighty-five year-old woman, the High Court upholds the sentence of eight years’ imprisonment despite the fact that [the applicant] was only fifteen years old at the time of the offence, see section 82, subsection 1(i), of the Penal Code”. On the same day, the High Court decided that the applicant should remain in alternative detention until the enforcement of the sentence could commence.
29.  It appears that the applicant did not submit a request to the Leave‑to‑Appeal Board for leave to appeal against the High Court judgment to the Supreme Court.