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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Prolongation of the QT interval related to cisapride - diltiazem interaction .
### Output Text: | Prolongation of the QT interval related to <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> - <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> interaction . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cisapride , a cytochrome P450 3A4 ( CYP3A4 ) substrate , is widely prescribed for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cisapride</span> , a cytochrome P450 3A4 ( CYP3A4 ) substrate , is widely prescribed for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Prolongation of QT interval , torsades de pointes , and sudden cardiac death have been reported after concomitant administration with erythromycin or azole antifungal agents , but not with other CYP3A4 inhibitors .
### Output Text: | Prolongation of QT interval , torsades de pointes , and sudden cardiac death have been reported after concomitant administration with <span class="chemical">erythromycin</span> or <span class="chemical">azole</span> antifungal agents , but not with other CYP3A4 inhibitors . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A possible drug interaction occurred in a 45 - year - old woman who was taking cisapride for gastroesophageal reflux disorder and diltiazem , an agent that has inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 , for hypertension .
### Output Text: | A possible drug interaction occurred in a 45 - year - old woman who was taking <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> for gastroesophageal reflux disorder and <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> , an agent that has inhibitory effect on CYP3A4 , for hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The patient was in near syncope and had QT - interval prolongation .
### Output Text: | The patient was in near syncope and had QT - interval prolongation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: After discontinuing cisapride , the QT interval returned to normal and symptoms did not recur .
### Output Text: | After discontinuing <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> , the QT interval returned to normal and symptoms did not recur . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We suggest that caution be taken when cisapride is prescribed with any potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 , including diltiazem .
### Output Text: | We suggest that caution be taken when <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> is prescribed with any potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 , including <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Cortical motor overactivation in parkinsonian patients with L - dopa - induced peak - dose dyskinesia .
### Output Text: | Cortical motor overactivation in parkinsonian patients with <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> - induced peak - dose dyskinesia . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We have studied the regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF ) changes induced by the execution of a finger - to - thumb opposition motor task in the supplementary and primary motor cortex of two groups of parkinsonian patients on L - dopa medication , the first one without L - dopa induced dyskinesia ( n = 23 ) and the other with moderate peak - dose dyskinesia ( n = 15 ) , and of a group of 14 normal subjects .
### Output Text: | We have studied the regional cerebral blood flow ( rCBF ) changes induced by the execution of a finger - to - thumb opposition motor task in the supplementary and primary motor cortex of two groups of parkinsonian patients on <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> medication , the first one without <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> induced dyskinesia ( n = 23 ) and the other with moderate peak - dose dyskinesia ( n = 15 ) , and of a group of 14 normal subjects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Single photon emission tomography with i . v . 133Xe was used to measure the rCBF changes .
### Output Text: | Single photon emission tomography with i . v . 133Xe was used to measure the rCBF changes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The dyskinetic parkinsonian patients exhibited a pattern of response which was markedly different from those of the normal subjects and non - dyskinetic parkinsonian patients , with a significant overactivation in the supplementary motor area and the ipsi - and contralateral primary motor areas .
### Output Text: | The dyskinetic parkinsonian patients exhibited a pattern of response which was markedly different from those of the normal subjects and non - dyskinetic parkinsonian patients , with a significant overactivation in the supplementary motor area and the ipsi - and contralateral primary motor areas . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: These results are compatible with the hypothesis that an hyperkinetic abnormal involuntary movement , like L - dopa - induced peak dose dyskinesia , is due to a disinhibition of the primary and associated motor cortex secondary to an excessive outflow of the pallidothalamocortical motor loop .
### Output Text: | These results are compatible with the hypothesis that an hyperkinetic abnormal involuntary movement , like <span class="chemical">L - dopa</span> - induced peak dose dyskinesia , is due to a disinhibition of the primary and associated motor cortex secondary to an excessive outflow of the pallidothalamocortical motor loop . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Open - label assessment of levofloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults .
### Output Text: | Open - label assessment of <span class="chemical">levofloxacin</span> for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis in adults . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PURPOSE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin ( 500 mg orally once daily for 10 to 14 days ) in treating adult outpatients with acute bacterial sinusitis .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : To evaluate the efficacy and safety of <span class="chemical">levofloxacin</span> ( 500 mg orally once daily for 10 to 14 days ) in treating adult outpatients with acute bacterial sinusitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PATIENTS AND METHODS : A total of 329 patients enrolled in the study at 24 centers .
### Output Text: | PATIENTS AND METHODS : A total of 329 patients enrolled in the study at 24 centers . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All patients had a pre - therapy Gram ' s stain and culture of sinus exudate obtained by antral puncture or nasal endoscopy .
### Output Text: | All patients had a pre - therapy Gram ' s stain and culture of sinus exudate obtained by antral puncture or nasal endoscopy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Clinical response was assessed on the basis of signs and symptoms and sinus radiograph or computed tomography results .
### Output Text: | Clinical response was assessed on the basis of signs and symptoms and sinus radiograph or computed tomography results . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Microbiologic cure rates were determined on the basis of presumed plus documented eradication of the pre - therapy pathogen ( s ) .
### Output Text: | Microbiologic cure rates were determined on the basis of presumed plus documented eradication of the pre - therapy pathogen ( s ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : The most common pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Moraxella catarrhalis .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : The most common pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Staphylococcus aureus , and Moraxella catarrhalis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Of 300 clinically evaluable patients , 175 ( 58 % ) were cured and 90 ( 30 % ) were improved at the post - therapy evaluation , resulting in a clinical success rate of 88 % .
### Output Text: | Of 300 clinically evaluable patients , 175 ( 58 % ) were cured and 90 ( 30 % ) were improved at the post - therapy evaluation , resulting in a clinical success rate of 88 % . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirty - five patients ( 12 % ) clinically failed treatment .
### Output Text: | Thirty - five patients ( 12 % ) clinically failed treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The microbiologic eradication rate ( presumed plus documented ) among 138 microbiologically evaluable patients was 92 % .
### Output Text: | The microbiologic eradication rate ( presumed plus documented ) among 138 microbiologically evaluable patients was 92 % . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Microbiologic eradication rates ( presumed plus documented ) of the most common pathogens ranged from 93 % ( M . catarrhalis ) to 100 % ( S . pneumoniae ) at the post - therapy visit .
### Output Text: | Microbiologic eradication rates ( presumed plus documented ) of the most common pathogens ranged from 93 % ( M . catarrhalis ) to 100 % ( S . pneumoniae ) at the post - therapy visit . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: All but one of the 265 patients who were cured or improved at post - therapy returned for a long - term follow - up visit ; 243 ( 92 % ) remained well 4 to 6 weeks after therapy ; and 21 ( 8 % ) had a relapse of symptoms .
### Output Text: | All but one of the 265 patients who were cured or improved at post - therapy returned for a long - term follow - up visit ; 243 ( 92 % ) remained well 4 to 6 weeks after therapy ; and 21 ( 8 % ) had a relapse of symptoms . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Adverse events considered to be related to levofloxacin administration were reported by 29 patients ( 9 % ) .
### Output Text: | Adverse events considered to be related to <span class="chemical">levofloxacin</span> administration were reported by 29 patients ( 9 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The most common drug - related adverse events were diarrhea , flatulence , and nausea ; most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity .
### Output Text: | The most common drug - related adverse events were diarrhea , flatulence , and nausea ; most adverse events were mild to moderate in severity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : The results of this study indicate that levofloxacin 500 mg once daily is an effective and safe treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : The results of this study indicate that <span class="chemical">levofloxacin</span> 500 mg once daily is an effective and safe treatment for acute bacterial sinusitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Iatrogenic risks of endometrial carcinoma after treatment for breast cancer in a large French case - control study .
### Output Text: | Iatrogenic risks of endometrial carcinoma after treatment for breast cancer in a large French case - control study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: F d ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer ( FNCLCC ) .
### Output Text: | F d ration Nationale des Centres de Lutte Contre le Cancer ( FNCLCC ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Since tamoxifen is widely used in breast cancer treatment and has been proposed for the prevention of breast cancer , its endometrial iatrogenic effects must be carefully examined .
### Output Text: | Since <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> is widely used in breast cancer treatment and has been proposed for the prevention of breast cancer , its endometrial iatrogenic effects must be carefully examined . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We have investigated the association between endometrial cancer and tamoxifen use or other treatments in women treated for breast cancer in a case - control study .
### Output Text: | We have investigated the association between endometrial cancer and <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> use or other treatments in women treated for breast cancer in a case - control study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed after breast cancer ( n = 135 ) and 467 controls matched for age , year of diagnosis of breast cancer and hospital and survival time with an intact uterus were included .
### Output Text: | Cases of endometrial cancer diagnosed after breast cancer ( n = 135 ) and 467 controls matched for age , year of diagnosis of breast cancer and hospital and survival time with an intact uterus were included . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women who had received tamoxifen were significantly more likely to have endometrial cancer diagnosed than those who had not ( crude relative risk = 4 . 9 , p = 0 . 0001 ) .
### Output Text: | Women who had received <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> were significantly more likely to have endometrial cancer diagnosed than those who had not ( crude relative risk = 4 . 9 , p = 0 . 0001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Univariate and adjusted analyses showed that the risk increased with the length of treatment ( p = 0 . 0001 ) or the cumulative dose of tamoxifen received ( p = 0 . 0001 ) , irrespective of the daily dose .
### Output Text: | Univariate and adjusted analyses showed that the risk increased with the length of treatment ( p = 0 . 0001 ) or the cumulative dose of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> received ( p = 0 . 0001 ) , irrespective of the daily dose . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women who had undergone pelvic radiotherapy also had a higher risk ( crude relative risk = 7 . 8 , p = 0 . 0001 ) .
### Output Text: | Women who had undergone pelvic radiotherapy also had a higher risk ( crude relative risk = 7 . 8 , p = 0 . 0001 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: After adjusting for confounding factors , the risk was higher for tamoxifen users ( p = 0 . 0012 ) , treatment for more than 3 years ( all p < 0 . 03 ) and pelvic radiotherapy ( p = 0 . 012 ) .
### Output Text: | After adjusting for confounding factors , the risk was higher for <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> users ( p = 0 . 0012 ) , treatment for more than 3 years ( all p < 0 . 03 ) and pelvic radiotherapy ( p = 0 . 012 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women who had endometrial cancer and had received tamoxifen had more advanced disease and poorer prognosis than those with endometrial cancer who had not received this treatment .
### Output Text: | Women who had endometrial cancer and had received <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> had more advanced disease and poorer prognosis than those with endometrial cancer who had not received this treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Our results suggest a causal role of tamoxifen in endometrial cancer , particularly when used as currently proposed for breast cancer prevention .
### Output Text: | Our results suggest a causal role of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> in endometrial cancer , particularly when used as currently proposed for breast cancer prevention . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pelvic radiotherapy may be an additional iatrogenic factor for women with breast cancer .
### Output Text: | Pelvic radiotherapy may be an additional iatrogenic factor for women with breast cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Endometrial cancers diagnosed in women treated with tamoxifen have poorer prognosis .
### Output Text: | Endometrial cancers diagnosed in women treated with <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> have poorer prognosis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women who receive tamoxifen for breast cancer should be offered gynaecological surveillance during and after treatment .
### Output Text: | Women who receive <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> for breast cancer should be offered gynaecological surveillance during and after treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A long - term evaluation of the risk - benefit ratio of tamoxifen as a preventive treatment for breast cancer is clearly warranted .
### Output Text: | A long - term evaluation of the risk - benefit ratio of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> as a preventive treatment for breast cancer is clearly warranted . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in rostral and intermediate - caudal parts of the striatum to the regulation of muscle tone in rats .
### Output Text: | Contribution of the <span class="chemical">glycine</span> site of <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors in rostral and intermediate - caudal parts of the striatum to the regulation of muscle tone in rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in the striatum to the regulation of muscle tone .
### Output Text: | The aim of the present study was to assess the contribution of the <span class="chemical">glycine</span> site of <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors in the striatum to the regulation of muscle tone . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Muscle tone was examined using a combined mechanoand electromyographic method , which measured simultaneously the muscle resistance ( MMG ) of the rat ' s hind foot to passive extension and flexion in the ankle joint and the electromyographic activity ( EMG ) of the antagonistic muscles of that joint : gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior .
### Output Text: | Muscle tone was examined using a combined mechanoand electromyographic method , which measured simultaneously the muscle resistance ( MMG ) of the rat ' s hind foot to passive extension and flexion in the ankle joint and the electromyographic activity ( EMG ) of the antagonistic muscles of that joint : gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Muscle rigidity was induced by haloperidol ( 2 . 5 mg / kg i . p . ) .
### Output Text: | Muscle rigidity was induced by <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> ( 2 . 5 mg / kg i . p . ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 5 , 7 - dichlorokynurenic acid ( 5 , 7 - DCKA ) , a selective glycine site antagonist , injected in doses of 2 . 5 and 4 . 5 microg / 0 . 5 microl bilaterally , into the rostral region of the striatum , decreased both the haloperidol - induced muscle rigidity ( MMG ) and the enhanced electromyographic activity ( EMG ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">5 , 7 - dichlorokynurenic acid</span> ( <span class="chemical">5 , 7 - DCKA</span> ) , a selective <span class="chemical">glycine</span> site antagonist , injected in doses of 2 . 5 and 4 . 5 microg / 0 . 5 microl bilaterally , into the rostral region of the striatum , decreased both the <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> - induced muscle rigidity ( MMG ) and the enhanced electromyographic activity ( EMG ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 5 , 7 - DCKA injected bilaterally in a dose of 4 . 5 microg / 0 . 5 microl into the intermediate - caudal region of the striatum of rats not pretreated with haloperidol had no effect on the muscle tone .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">5 , 7 - DCKA</span> injected bilaterally in a dose of 4 . 5 microg / 0 . 5 microl into the intermediate - caudal region of the striatum of rats not pretreated with <span class="chemical">haloperidol</span> had no effect on the muscle tone . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The present results suggest that blockade of the glycine site of NMDA receptors in the rostral part of the striatum may be mainly responsible for the antiparkinsonian action of this drug .
### Output Text: | The present results suggest that blockade of the <span class="chemical">glycine</span> site of <span class="chemical">NMDA</span> receptors in the rostral part of the striatum may be mainly responsible for the antiparkinsonian action of this drug . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Carboplatin toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system of the rat .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Carboplatin</span> toxic effects on the peripheral nervous system of the rat . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : The most striking of carboplatin ' s advantages ( CBDCA ) over cisplatin ( CDDP ) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotoxic effects .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : The most striking of <span class="chemical">carboplatin</span> ' s advantages ( <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> ) over <span class="chemical">cisplatin</span> ( <span class="chemical">CDDP</span> ) is its markedly reduced rate of neurotoxic effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , the use of CBDCA higher - intensity schedules and the association with other neurotoxic drugs in polychemotherapy may cause some concern about its safety with respect to peripheral nervous system damage .
### Output Text: | However , the use of <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> higher - intensity schedules and the association with other neurotoxic drugs in polychemotherapy may cause some concern about its safety with respect to peripheral nervous system damage . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MATERIALS AND METHODS : Two different schedules of CBDCA administration ( 10 mg / kg and 15 mg / kg i . p . twice a week for nine times ) were evaluated in Wistar rats .
### Output Text: | MATERIALS AND METHODS : Two different schedules of <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> administration ( 10 mg / kg and 15 mg / kg i . p . twice a week for nine times ) were evaluated in Wistar rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Neurotoxicity was assessed for behavioral ( tail - flick test ) , neurophysiological ( nerve conduction velocity in the tail nerve ) , morphological , morphometrical and analytical effects .
### Output Text: | Neurotoxicity was assessed for behavioral ( tail - flick test ) , neurophysiological ( nerve conduction velocity in the tail nerve ) , morphological , morphometrical and analytical effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : CBDCA administration induced dose - dependent peripheral neurotoxicity .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> administration induced dose - dependent peripheral neurotoxicity . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Pain perception and nerve conduction velocity in the tail were significantly impaired , particularly after the high - dose treatment .
### Output Text: | Pain perception and nerve conduction velocity in the tail were significantly impaired , particularly after the high - dose treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons and , to a lesser extent , satellite cells showed the same changes as those induced by CDDP , mainly affecting the nucleus and nucleolus of ganglionic sensory neurons .
### Output Text: | The dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons and , to a lesser extent , satellite cells showed the same changes as those induced by <span class="chemical">CDDP</span> , mainly affecting the nucleus and nucleolus of ganglionic sensory neurons . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Moreover , significant amounts of platinum were detected in the dorsal root ganglia and kidney after CBDCA treatment .
### Output Text: | Moreover , significant amounts of <span class="chemical">platinum</span> were detected in the dorsal root ganglia and kidney after <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : CBDCA is neurotoxic in our model , and the type of pathological changes it induces are so closely similar to those caused by CDDP that it is probable that neurotoxicity is induced in the two drugs by the same mechanism .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> is neurotoxic in our model , and the type of pathological changes it induces are so closely similar to those caused by <span class="chemical">CDDP</span> that it is probable that neurotoxicity is induced in the two drugs by the same mechanism . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This model can be used alone or in combination with other drugs to explore the effect of CBDCA on the peripheral nervous system .
### Output Text: | This model can be used alone or in combination with other drugs to explore the effect of <span class="chemical">CBDCA</span> on the peripheral nervous system . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Effects of cisapride on symptoms and postcibal small - bowel motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome .
### Output Text: | Effects of <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> on symptoms and postcibal small - bowel motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Irritable bowel syndrome is a common cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be related to disordered gastrointestinal motility .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Irritable bowel syndrome is a common cause of abdominal pain and discomfort and may be related to disordered gastrointestinal motility . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Our aim was to assess the effects of long - term treatment with a prokinetic agent , cisapride , on postprandial jejunal motility and symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) .
### Output Text: | Our aim was to assess the effects of long - term treatment with a prokinetic agent , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> , on postprandial jejunal motility and symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : Thirty - eight patients with IBS ( constipation - predominant , n = 17 ; diarrhoea - predominant , n = 21 ) underwent 24 - h ambulatory jejunal manometry before and after 12 week ' s treatment [ cisapride , 5 mg three times daily ( n = 19 ) or placebo ( n = 19 ) ] .
### Output Text: | METHODS : Thirty - eight patients with IBS ( constipation - predominant , n = 17 ; diarrhoea - predominant , n = 21 ) underwent 24 - h ambulatory jejunal manometry before and after 12 week ' s treatment [ <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> , 5 mg three times daily ( n = 19 ) or placebo ( n = 19 ) ] . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : In diarrhoea - predominant patients significant differences in contraction characteristics were observed between the cisapride and placebo groups .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : In diarrhoea - predominant patients significant differences in contraction characteristics were observed between the <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> and placebo groups . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In cisapride - treated diarrhoea - predominant patients the mean contraction amplitude was higher ( 29 . 3 + / - 3 . 2 versus 24 . 9 + / - 2 . 6 mm Hg , cisapride versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 25 . 7 + / - 6 . 0 mm Hg ) , the mean contraction duration longer ( 3 . 4 + / - 0 . 2 versus 3 . 0 + / - 0 . 2 sec , cisapride versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 3 . 1 + / - 0 . 5 sec ) , and the mean contraction frequency lower ( 2 . 0 + / - 0 . 2 versus 2 . 5 + / - 0 . 4 cont . / min , cisapride versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 2 . 5 + / - 1 . 1 cont . / min ] than patients treated with placebo .
### Output Text: | In <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> - treated diarrhoea - predominant patients the mean contraction amplitude was higher ( 29 . 3 + / - 3 . 2 versus 24 . 9 + / - 2 . 6 mm Hg , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 25 . 7 + / - 6 . 0 mm Hg ) , the mean contraction duration longer ( 3 . 4 + / - 0 . 2 versus 3 . 0 + / - 0 . 2 sec , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 3 . 1 + / - 0 . 5 sec ) , and the mean contraction frequency lower ( 2 . 0 + / - 0 . 2 versus 2 . 5 + / - 0 . 4 cont . / min , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> versus placebo ( P < 0 . 001 ) ; pretreatment , 2 . 5 + / - 1 . 1 cont . / min ] than patients treated with placebo . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: No significant differences in jejunal motility were found in the constipation - predominant IBS group .
### Output Text: | No significant differences in jejunal motility were found in the constipation - predominant IBS group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Symptoms were assessed by using a visual analogue scale before and after treatment .
### Output Text: | Symptoms were assessed by using a visual analogue scale before and after treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Symptom scores relating to the severity of constipation were lower in cisapride - treated constipation - predominant IBS patients [ score , 54 + / - 5 versus 67 + / - 14 mm , cisapride versus placebo ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; pretreatment , 62 + / - 19 mm ] .
### Output Text: | Symptom scores relating to the severity of constipation were lower in <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> - treated constipation - predominant IBS patients [ score , 54 + / - 5 versus 67 + / - 14 mm , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> versus placebo ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; pretreatment , 62 + / - 19 mm ] . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Diarrhoea - predominant IBS patients had a higher pain score after cisapride therapy [ score , 55 + / - 15 versus 34 + / - 12 mm , cisapride versus placebo ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; pretreatment , 67 + / - 19 mm ] .
### Output Text: | Diarrhoea - predominant IBS patients had a higher pain score after <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> therapy [ score , 55 + / - 15 versus 34 + / - 12 mm , <span class="chemical">cisapride</span> versus placebo ( P < 0 . 05 ) ; pretreatment , 67 + / - 19 mm ] . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSION : Cisapride affects jejunal contraction characteristics and some symptoms in IBS .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSION : <span class="chemical">Cisapride</span> affects jejunal contraction characteristics and some symptoms in IBS . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Prevention of breast cancer with tamoxifen : preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women .
### Output Text: | Prevention of breast cancer with <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> : preliminary findings from the Italian randomised trial among hysterectomised women . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Italian Tamoxifen Prevention Study .
### Output Text: | Italian <span class="chemical">Tamoxifen</span> Prevention Study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Tamoxifen is a candidate chemopreventive agent in breast cancer , although the drug may be associated with the development of endometrial cancer .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : <span class="chemical">Tamoxifen</span> is a candidate chemopreventive agent in breast cancer , although the drug may be associated with the development of endometrial cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Therefore we did a trial in hysterectomised women of tamoxifen as a chemopreventive .
### Output Text: | Therefore we did a trial in hysterectomised women of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> as a chemopreventive . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: METHODS : In October , 1992 , we started a double - blind placebo - controlled , randomised trial of tamoxifen in women ( mainly in Italy ) who did not have breast cancer and who had had a hysterectomy .
### Output Text: | METHODS : In October , 1992 , we started a double - blind placebo - controlled , randomised trial of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> in women ( mainly in Italy ) who did not have breast cancer and who had had a hysterectomy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women were randomised to receive tamoxifen 20 mg per day or placebo , both orally for 5 years .
### Output Text: | Women were randomised to receive <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> 20 mg per day or placebo , both orally for 5 years . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The original plan was to follow the intervention phase by 5 years ' follow - up .
### Output Text: | The original plan was to follow the intervention phase by 5 years ' follow - up . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In June , 1997 , the trialists and the data - monitoring committee decided to end recruitment primarily because of the number of women dropping out of the study .
### Output Text: | In June , 1997 , the trialists and the data - monitoring committee decided to end recruitment primarily because of the number of women dropping out of the study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Recruitment ended on July 11 , 1997 , and the study will continue as planned .
### Output Text: | Recruitment ended on July 11 , 1997 , and the study will continue as planned . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The primary endpoints are the occurrence of and deaths from breast cancer .
### Output Text: | The primary endpoints are the occurrence of and deaths from breast cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This preliminary interim analysis is based on intention - to - treat .
### Output Text: | This preliminary interim analysis is based on intention - to - treat . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: FINDINGS : 5408 women were randomised ; participating women have a median follow - up of 46 months for major endpoints .
### Output Text: | FINDINGS : 5408 women were randomised ; participating women have a median follow - up of 46 months for major endpoints . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: 41 cases of breast cancer occurred so far ; there have been no deaths from breast cancer .
### Output Text: | 41 cases of breast cancer occurred so far ; there have been no deaths from breast cancer . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There is no difference in breast - cancer frequency between the placebo ( 22 cases ) and tamoxifen ( 19 ) arms .
### Output Text: | There is no difference in breast - cancer frequency between the placebo ( 22 cases ) and <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> ( 19 ) arms . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There is a statistically significant reduction of breast cancer among women receiving tamoxifen who also used hormone - replacement therapy during the trial : among 390 women on such therapy and allocated to placebo , we found eight cases of breast cancer compared with one case among 362 women allocated to tamoxifen .
### Output Text: | There is a statistically significant reduction of breast cancer among women receiving <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> who also used hormone - replacement therapy during the trial : among 390 women on such therapy and allocated to placebo , we found eight cases of breast cancer compared with one case among 362 women allocated to <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Compared with the placebo group , there was a significantly increased risk of vascular events and hypertriglyceridaemia among women on tamoxifen .
### Output Text: | Compared with the placebo group , there was a significantly increased risk of vascular events and hypertriglyceridaemia among women on <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: INTERPRETATION : Although this preliminary analysis has low power , in this cohort of women at low - to - normal risk of breast cancer , the postulated protective effects of tamoxifen are not yet apparent .
### Output Text: | INTERPRETATION : Although this preliminary analysis has low power , in this cohort of women at low - to - normal risk of breast cancer , the postulated protective effects of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> are not yet apparent . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Women using hormone - replacement therapy appear to have benefited from use of tamoxifen .
### Output Text: | Women using hormone - replacement therapy appear to have benefited from use of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: There were no deaths from breast cancer recorded in women in the study .
### Output Text: | There were no deaths from breast cancer recorded in women in the study . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: It is essential to continue follow - up to quantify the long - term risks and benefits of tamoxifen therapy .
### Output Text: | It is essential to continue follow - up to quantify the long - term risks and benefits of <span class="chemical">tamoxifen</span> therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Epileptogenic activity of folic acid after drug induces SLE ( folic acid and epilepsy )
### Output Text: | Epileptogenic activity of <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> after drug induces SLE ( <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> and epilepsy ) |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To study the effect of folic acid - containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women before and during pregnancy in order to determine the rate of structural birth defects and epilepsy - related side effects .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To study the effect of <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> - containing multivitamin supplementation in epileptic women before and during pregnancy in order to determine the rate of structural birth defects and epilepsy - related side effects . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: STUDY DESIGN : First a randomised trial , later periconception care including in total 12225 females .
### Output Text: | STUDY DESIGN : First a randomised trial , later periconception care including in total 12225 females . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: RESULTS : Of 60 epileptic women with periconceptional folic acid ( 0 . 8 mg ) - containing multivitamin supplementation , no one developed epilepsy - related side effects during the periconception period .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Of 60 epileptic women with periconceptional <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> ( 0 . 8 mg ) - containing multivitamin supplementation , no one developed epilepsy - related side effects during the periconception period . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: One epileptic woman delivered a newborn with cleft lip and palate .
### Output Text: | One epileptic woman delivered a newborn with cleft lip and palate . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Another patient exhibited with a cluster of seizures after the periconception period using another multivitamin .
### Output Text: | Another patient exhibited with a cluster of seizures after the periconception period using another multivitamin . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This 22 - year - old epileptic woman was treated continuously by carbamazepine and a folic acid ( 1 mg ) - containing multivitamin from the 20th week of gestation .
### Output Text: | This 22 - year - old epileptic woman was treated continuously by <span class="chemical">carbamazepine</span> and a <span class="chemical">folic acid</span> ( 1 mg ) - containing multivitamin from the 20th week of gestation . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes .
### Output Text: | She developed status epilepticus and later symptoms of systemic lupus erythematodes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth .
### Output Text: | Her pregnancy ended with stillbirth . |