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In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The study also revealed significant inhibition of NOS enzymatic activity by lead in cell - free preparations .
### Output Text: | The study also revealed significant inhibition of NOS enzymatic activity by <span class="chemical">lead</span> in cell - free preparations . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In conclusion , lead - induced hypertension in this model was associated with a compensatory upregulation of renal and vascular eNOS and iNOS expression .
### Output Text: | In conclusion , <span class="chemical">lead</span> - induced hypertension in this model was associated with a compensatory upregulation of renal and vascular eNOS and iNOS expression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: This is , in part , due to ROS - mediated NO inactivation , lead - associated inhibition of NOS activity , and perhaps stimulatory actions of increased shear stress associated with hypertension .
### Output Text: | This is , in part , due to ROS - mediated <span class="chemical">NO</span> inactivation , <span class="chemical">lead</span> - associated inhibition of NOS activity , and perhaps stimulatory actions of increased shear stress associated with hypertension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Glyceryl trinitrate induces attacks of migraine without aura in sufferers of migraine with aura .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Glyceryl trinitrate</span> induces attacks of migraine without aura in sufferers of migraine with aura . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Migraine with aura and migraine without aura have the same pain phase , thus indicating that migraine with aura and migraine without aura share a common pathway of nociception .
### Output Text: | Migraine with aura and migraine without aura have the same pain phase , thus indicating that migraine with aura and migraine without aura share a common pathway of nociception . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In recent years , increasing evidence has suggested that the messenger molecule nitric oxide ( NO ) is involved in pain mechanisms of migraine without aura .
### Output Text: | In recent years , increasing evidence has suggested that the messenger molecule <span class="chemical">nitric oxide</span> ( <span class="chemical">NO</span> ) is involved in pain mechanisms of migraine without aura . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In order to clarify whether the same is true for migraine with aura , in the present study we examined the headache response to intravenous infusion of glyceryl trinitrate ( GTN ) ( 0 . 5 microg / kg / min for 20 min ) in 12 sufferers of migraine with aura .
### Output Text: | In order to clarify whether the same is true for migraine with aura , in the present study we examined the headache response to intravenous infusion of <span class="chemical">glyceryl trinitrate</span> ( <span class="chemical">GTN</span> ) ( 0 . 5 microg / kg / min for 20 min ) in 12 sufferers of migraine with aura . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The specific aim was to elucidate whether an aura and / or an attack of migraine without aura could be induced .
### Output Text: | The specific aim was to elucidate whether an aura and / or an attack of migraine without aura could be induced . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Fourteen healthy subjects served as controls .
### Output Text: | Fourteen healthy subjects served as controls . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Aura symptoms were not elicited in any subject .
### Output Text: | Aura symptoms were not elicited in any subject . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Headache was more severe in migraineurs than in the controls during and immediately after GTN infusion ( p = 0 . 037 ) as well as during the following 11 h ( p = 0 . 008 ) .
### Output Text: | Headache was more severe in migraineurs than in the controls during and immediately after <span class="chemical">GTN</span> infusion ( p = 0 . 037 ) as well as during the following 11 h ( p = 0 . 008 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In the controls , the GTN - induced headache gradually disappeared , whereas in migraineurs peak headache intensity occurred at a mean time of 240 min post - infusion .
### Output Text: | In the controls , the <span class="chemical">GTN</span> - induced headache gradually disappeared , whereas in migraineurs peak headache intensity occurred at a mean time of 240 min post - infusion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: At this time the induced headache in 6 of 12 migraineurs fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura of the International Headache Society .
### Output Text: | At this time the induced headache in 6 of 12 migraineurs fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for migraine without aura of the International Headache Society . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The results therefore suggest that NO is involved in the pain mechanisms of migraine with aura .
### Output Text: | The results therefore suggest that <span class="chemical">NO</span> is involved in the pain mechanisms of migraine with aura . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Since cortical spreading depression has been shown to liberate NO in animals , this finding may help our understanding of the coupling between cortical spreading depression and headache in migraine with aura .
### Output Text: | Since cortical spreading depression has been shown to liberate <span class="chemical">NO</span> in animals , this finding may help our understanding of the coupling between cortical spreading depression and headache in migraine with aura . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Rapid reversal of life - threatening diltiazem - induced tetany with calcium chloride .
### Output Text: | Rapid reversal of life - threatening <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> - induced tetany with <span class="chemical">calcium chloride</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We describe a patient who developed tetany with sudden respiratory arrest after the infusion of intravenous diltiazem .
### Output Text: | We describe a patient who developed tetany with sudden respiratory arrest after the infusion of intravenous <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The administration of calcium chloride rapidly resolved the patient ' s tetany with prompt recovery of respiratory function , averting the need for more aggressive airway management and ventilatory support .
### Output Text: | The administration of <span class="chemical">calcium chloride</span> rapidly resolved the patient ' s tetany with prompt recovery of respiratory function , averting the need for more aggressive airway management and ventilatory support . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The emergency physician should be aware that life - threatening tetany may accompany the administration of intravenous diltiazem and that calcium chloride may be a rapid and effective remedy .
### Output Text: | The emergency physician should be aware that life - threatening tetany may accompany the administration of intravenous <span class="chemical">diltiazem</span> and that <span class="chemical">calcium chloride</span> may be a rapid and effective remedy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Predictors of decreased renal function in patients with heart failure during angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy : results from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction ( SOLVD )
### Output Text: | Predictors of decreased renal function in patients with heart failure during <span class="chemical">angiotensin</span> - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy : results from the studies of left ventricular dysfunction ( SOLVD ) |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: BACKGROUND : Although angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy reduces mortality rates in patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , it may also cause decreased renal function .
### Output Text: | BACKGROUND : Although <span class="chemical">angiotensin</span> - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy reduces mortality rates in patients with congestive heart failure ( CHF ) , it may also cause decreased renal function . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Little information is available to predict which patients are at highest risk for this complication .
### Output Text: | Little information is available to predict which patients are at highest risk for this complication . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: OBJECTIVE : To quantify specific clinical predictors of reduction in renal function in patients with CHF who are prescribed angiotensin - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy .
### Output Text: | OBJECTIVE : To quantify specific clinical predictors of reduction in renal function in patients with CHF who are prescribed <span class="chemical">angiotensin</span> - converting enzyme inhibitor therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: METHOD : We analyzed data from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction ( SOLVD ) , a randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled trial of enalapril for the treatment of CHF .
### Output Text: | METHOD : We analyzed data from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction ( SOLVD ) , a randomized , double - blind , placebo - controlled trial of <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> for the treatment of CHF . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: There were 3379 patients randomly assigned to enalapril with a median follow - up of 974 days and 3379 patients randomly assigned to placebo with a mean follow - up of 967 days .
### Output Text: | There were 3379 patients randomly assigned to <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> with a median follow - up of 974 days and 3379 patients randomly assigned to placebo with a mean follow - up of 967 days . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Decreased renal function was defined as a rise in serum creatinine > / = 0 . 5 mg / dL ( 44 micromol / L ) from baseline .
### Output Text: | Decreased renal function was defined as a rise in serum <span class="chemical">creatinine</span> > / = 0 . 5 mg / dL ( 44 micromol / L ) from baseline . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We used time - to - event analysis to identify potential predictors of decrease in renal function including age , baseline ejection fraction , baseline creatinine , low systolic blood pressure ( < 100 mm Hg ) , history of hypertension , diabetes , and use of antiplatelet , diuretic , and beta - blocker therapy .
### Output Text: | We used time - to - event analysis to identify potential predictors of decrease in renal function including age , baseline ejection fraction , baseline <span class="chemical">creatinine</span> , low systolic blood pressure ( < 100 mm Hg ) , history of hypertension , diabetes , and use of antiplatelet , <span class="chemical">diuretic</span> , and beta - blocker therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: RESULTS : Patients randomly assigned to enalapril had a 33 % greater likelihood of decreased renal function than controls ( P = . 003 ) .
### Output Text: | RESULTS : Patients randomly assigned to <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> had a 33 % greater likelihood of decreased renal function than controls ( P = . 003 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: By multivariate analysis , in both the placebo and enalapril groups older age , diuretic therapy , and diabetes were associated with decreased renal function , whereas beta - blocker therapy and higher ejection fraction were renoprotective .
### Output Text: | By multivariate analysis , in both the placebo and <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> groups older age , <span class="chemical">diuretic</span> therapy , and diabetes were associated with decreased renal function , whereas beta - blocker therapy and higher ejection fraction were renoprotective . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Older age was associated with a greater risk of developing decreased renal function in both groups , but significantly more so in the enalapril group ( enalapril : risk ratio [ RR ] 1 . 42 per 10 years , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1 . 32 - 1 . 52 with enalapril ; placebo : RR 1 . 18 , 95 % CI 1 . 12 - 1 . 25 ) .
### Output Text: | Older age was associated with a greater risk of developing decreased renal function in both groups , but significantly more so in the <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> group ( <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> : risk ratio [ RR ] 1 . 42 per 10 years , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] 1 . 32 - 1 . 52 with <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> ; placebo : RR 1 . 18 , 95 % CI 1 . 12 - 1 . 25 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Diuretic therapy was likewise associated with a greater risk of decreased renal function in the enalapril group ( RR 1 . 89 , 95 % CI 1 . 70 - 2 . 08 ) than in the placebo group ( RR 1 . 35 , 95 % CI 1 . 09 - 1 . 66 ) .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Diuretic</span> therapy was likewise associated with a greater risk of decreased renal function in the <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> group ( RR 1 . 89 , 95 % CI 1 . 70 - 2 . 08 ) than in the placebo group ( RR 1 . 35 , 95 % CI 1 . 09 - 1 . 66 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Conversely , enalapril had a relative renoprotective effect ( RR 1 . 33 , 95 % CI 1 . 13 - 1 . 53 ) compared with placebo ( RR 1 . 96 , 95 % CI 1 . 57 - 2 . 44 ) in patients with diabetes .
### Output Text: | Conversely , <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> had a relative renoprotective effect ( RR 1 . 33 , 95 % CI 1 . 13 - 1 . 53 ) compared with placebo ( RR 1 . 96 , 95 % CI 1 . 57 - 2 . 44 ) in patients with diabetes . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: A lower risk of renal impairment was seen in both groups with beta - blocker therapy ( RR 0 . 70 , 95 % CI 0 . 57 - 0 . 85 ) and higher baseline ejection fraction ( RR 0 . 93 per 5 % increment , 95 % CI 0 . 91 - 0 . 96 ) .
### Output Text: | A lower risk of renal impairment was seen in both groups with beta - blocker therapy ( RR 0 . 70 , 95 % CI 0 . 57 - 0 . 85 ) and higher baseline ejection fraction ( RR 0 . 93 per 5 % increment , 95 % CI 0 . 91 - 0 . 96 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Enalapril use caused a 33 % increase in the risk of decreased renal function in patients with CHF .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : <span class="chemical">Enalapril</span> use caused a 33 % increase in the risk of decreased renal function in patients with CHF . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Diuretic use and advanced age increased this risk .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Diuretic</span> use and advanced age increased this risk . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of renal impairment in all patients with CHF , but this risk was reduced in the enalapril group compared with the placebo group .
### Output Text: | Diabetes was associated with an increased risk of renal impairment in all patients with CHF , but this risk was reduced in the <span class="chemical">enalapril</span> group compared with the placebo group . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: beta - Blocker therapy and higher ejection fraction were renoprotective in all patients regardless of therapy .
### Output Text: | beta - Blocker therapy and higher ejection fraction were renoprotective in all patients regardless of therapy . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Hypomania - like syndrome induced by olanzapine .
### Output Text: | Hypomania - like syndrome induced by <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We report a female patient with a diagnosis of a not otherwise specified psychotic disorder ( DSM - IV ) who developed hypomania shortly after the introduction of olanzapine treatment .
### Output Text: | We report a female patient with a diagnosis of a not otherwise specified psychotic disorder ( DSM - IV ) who developed hypomania shortly after the introduction of <span class="chemical">olanzapine</span> treatment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Acetazolamide - induced Gerstmann syndrome .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Acetazolamide</span> - induced Gerstmann syndrome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
### Entity Markup Guides:
Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Acute confusion induced by acetazolamide is a well known adverse drug reaction in patients with renal impairment .
### Output Text: | Acute confusion induced by <span class="chemical">acetazolamide</span> is a well known adverse drug reaction in patients with renal impairment . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We report a case of acetazolamide - induced Gerstmann syndrome in a patient with normal renal function , to highlight predisposing factors that are frequently overlooked .
### Output Text: | We report a case of <span class="chemical">acetazolamide</span> - induced Gerstmann syndrome in a patient with normal renal function , to highlight predisposing factors that are frequently overlooked . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Vasopressin in the treatment of milrinone - induced hypotension in severe heart failure .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Vasopressin</span> in the treatment of <span class="chemical">milrinone</span> - induced hypotension in severe heart failure . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as milrinone in the treatment of severe heart failure is frequently restricted because they cause vasodilation and hypotension .
### Output Text: | The use of phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as <span class="chemical">milrinone</span> in the treatment of severe heart failure is frequently restricted because they cause vasodilation and hypotension . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: In patients with decompensated heart failure with hypotension after treatment with milrinone , low doses of vasopressin restored blood pressure without inhibiting the inotropic effect of milrinone .
### Output Text: | In patients with decompensated heart failure with hypotension after treatment with <span class="chemical">milrinone</span> , low doses of <span class="chemical">vasopressin</span> restored blood pressure without inhibiting the inotropic effect of <span class="chemical">milrinone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Treatment of tacrolimus - related adverse effects by conversion to cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients .
### Output Text: | Treatment of <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> - related adverse effects by conversion to <span class="chemical">cyclosporine</span> in liver transplant recipients . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: When tacrolimus side effects persist despite dose reduction , conversion to cyclosporine - based immunosuppression ( CyA ) is necessary .
### Output Text: | When <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> side effects persist despite dose reduction , conversion to <span class="chemical">cyclosporine</span> - based immunosuppression ( CyA ) is necessary . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We characterized tacrolimus side effects that warranted discontinuation of the drug , and outcomes after conversion .
### Output Text: | We characterized <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> side effects that warranted discontinuation of the drug , and outcomes after conversion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: Of 388 liver recipients who received tacrolimus as primary immunosuppression , 70 required conversion to CyA .
### Output Text: | Of 388 liver recipients who received <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> as primary immunosuppression , 70 required conversion to CyA . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: We recorded indication for conversion , whether conversion was early or late after transplantation , tacrolimus dose and trough blood level at conversion , and incidence of rejection after conversion .
### Output Text: | We recorded indication for conversion , whether conversion was early or late after transplantation , <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> dose and trough blood level at conversion , and incidence of rejection after conversion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Conversion was early in 29 patients ( 41 . 4 % ) and late in 41 ( 58 . 6 % ) .
### Output Text: | Conversion was early in 29 patients ( 41 . 4 % ) and late in 41 ( 58 . 6 % ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Indications for early conversion were neurotoxicity ( 20 ) , ( insulin - dependent ) diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) ( 5 ) , nephrotoxicity ( 3 ) , gastrointestinal ( GI ) toxicity ( 6 ) , and cardiomyopathy ( 1 ) , and for late conversion were neurotoxicity ( 15 ) , IDDM ( 12 ) , nephrotoxicity ( 3 ) , GI toxicity ( 5 ) , hepatotoxicity ( 6 ) , post - transplant lmphoproliferate disease ( PTLD ) ( 2 ) , cardiomyopathy ( 1 ) , hemolytic anemia ( 1 ) , and pruritus ( 1 ) .
### Output Text: | Indications for early conversion were neurotoxicity ( 20 ) , ( insulin - dependent ) diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) ( 5 ) , nephrotoxicity ( 3 ) , gastrointestinal ( GI ) toxicity ( 6 ) , and cardiomyopathy ( 1 ) , and for late conversion were neurotoxicity ( 15 ) , IDDM ( 12 ) , nephrotoxicity ( 3 ) , GI toxicity ( 5 ) , hepatotoxicity ( 6 ) , post - transplant lmphoproliferate disease ( PTLD ) ( 2 ) , cardiomyopathy ( 1 ) , hemolytic anemia ( 1 ) , and pruritus ( 1 ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: All early - conversion patients showed improvement / resolution of symptoms .
### Output Text: | All early - conversion patients showed improvement / resolution of symptoms . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Among late - conversion patients , 37 ( 90 . 2 % ) had improvement / resolution ; in 4 ( 9 . 8 % ) , adverse effects persisted .
### Output Text: | Among late - conversion patients , 37 ( 90 . 2 % ) had improvement / resolution ; in 4 ( 9 . 8 % ) , adverse effects persisted . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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Use <span class="chemical"> to denote a chemical.
### Input Text: The overall rejection rate was 30 % .
### Output Text: | The overall rejection rate was 30 % . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Sixty - two patients ( 88 . 6 % ) are alive with functioning grafts 686 + / - 362 days ( range , 154 - 1433 days ) after conversion .
### Output Text: | Sixty - two patients ( 88 . 6 % ) are alive with functioning grafts 686 + / - 362 days ( range , 154 - 1433 days ) after conversion . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: When tacrolimus side effects are unresponsive to dose reduction , conversion to CyA can be accomplished safely , with no increased risk of rejection and excellent long - term outcome .
### Output Text: | When <span class="chemical">tacrolimus</span> side effects are unresponsive to dose reduction , conversion to CyA can be accomplished safely , with no increased risk of rejection and excellent long - term outcome . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Ocular manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis .
### Output Text: | Ocular manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We followed 210 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis closely for eleven years .
### Output Text: | We followed 210 cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis closely for eleven years . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Thirty - six of the 210 patients ( 17 . 2 % ) developed iridocyclitis .
### Output Text: | Thirty - six of the 210 patients ( 17 . 2 % ) developed iridocyclitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Iridocyclitis was seen most frequently in young female patients ( 0 to 4 years ) with the monoarticular or pauciatricular form of the arthritis .
### Output Text: | Iridocyclitis was seen most frequently in young female patients ( 0 to 4 years ) with the monoarticular or pauciatricular form of the arthritis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: However , 30 % of the patients developed uveitis after 16 years of age .
### Output Text: | However , 30 % of the patients developed uveitis after 16 years of age . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Although 61 % of patients had a noncontributory ocular history on entry , 42 % had active uveitis on entry .
### Output Text: | Although 61 % of patients had a noncontributory ocular history on entry , 42 % had active uveitis on entry . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Our approach was effective in detecting uveitis in new cases and exacerbations of uveitis in established cases .
### Output Text: | Our approach was effective in detecting uveitis in new cases and exacerbations of uveitis in established cases . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Forty - four percent of patients with uveitis had one or more identifiable signs or symptoms , such as red eye , ocular pain , decreased visual acuity , or photophobia , in order of decreasing frequency .
### Output Text: | Forty - four percent of patients with uveitis had one or more identifiable signs or symptoms , such as red eye , ocular pain , decreased visual acuity , or photophobia , in order of decreasing frequency . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Even after early detection and prompt treatment , 41 % of cases of uveitis did not respond to more than six months of intensive topical treatment with corticosteroids and mydriatics .
### Output Text: | Even after early detection and prompt treatment , 41 % of cases of uveitis did not respond to more than six months of intensive topical treatment with <span class="chemical">corticosteroids</span> and mydriatics . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Despite this , there was a dramatic decrease in the 50 % incidence of blinding complications of uveitis cited in earlier studies .
### Output Text: | Despite this , there was a dramatic decrease in the 50 % incidence of blinding complications of uveitis cited in earlier studies . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 22 and 13 % of our group , respectively .
### Output Text: | Cataract and band keratopathy occurred in only 22 and 13 % of our group , respectively . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We used chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in 173 of 210 cases and found only one case of chorioretinopathy attributable to these drugs .
### Output Text: | We used <span class="chemical">chloroquine</span> or <span class="chemical">hydroxychloroquine</span> in 173 of 210 cases and found only one case of chorioretinopathy attributable to these drugs . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Systemically administered corticosteroids were used in 75 of 210 cases ; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was found .
### Output Text: | Systemically administered <span class="chemical">corticosteroids</span> were used in 75 of 210 cases ; a significant number of posterior subcapsular cataracts was found . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Typical keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in three of the uveitis cases .
### Output Text: | Typical keratoconjunctivitis sicca developed in three of the uveitis cases . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This association with uveitis and JRA was not noted previously .
### Output Text: | This association with uveitis and JRA was not noted previously . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Surgical treatment of cataracts , band keratopathy , and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results .
### Output Text: | Surgical treatment of cataracts , band keratopathy , and glaucoma achieved uniformly discouraging results . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cyclophosphamide - induced cystitis in freely - moving conscious rats : behavioral approach to a new model of visceral pain .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cyclophosphamide</span> - induced cystitis in freely - moving conscious rats : behavioral approach to a new model of visceral pain . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: PURPOSE : To develop a model of visceral pain in rats using a behavioral approach .
### Output Text: | PURPOSE : To develop a model of visceral pain in rats using a behavioral approach . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Cyclophosphamide ( CP ) , an antitumoral agent known to produce toxic effects on the bladder wall through its main toxic metabolite acrolein , was used to induce cystitis .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Cyclophosphamide</span> ( <span class="chemical">CP</span> ) , an antitumoral agent known to produce toxic effects on the bladder wall through its main toxic metabolite <span class="chemical">acrolein</span> , was used to induce cystitis . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: MATERIALS AND METHODS : CP was administered at doses of 50 , 100 and 200 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | MATERIALS AND METHODS : <span class="chemical">CP</span> was administered at doses of 50 , 100 and 200 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . p . to male rats , and their behavior observed and scored .
### Output Text: | i . p . to male rats , and their behavior observed and scored . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: The effects of morphine ( 0 . 5 to 4 mg . / kg . i . v . ) on CP - induced behavioral modifications were tested administered alone and after naloxone ( 1 mg . / kg . s . c . ) .
### Output Text: | The effects of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> ( 0 . 5 to 4 mg . / kg . i . v . ) on <span class="chemical">CP</span> - induced behavioral modifications were tested administered alone and after <span class="chemical">naloxone</span> ( 1 mg . / kg . s . c . ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In addition , 90 minutes after CP injection , that is , at the time of administration of morphine , the bladder was removed in some rats for histological examination .
### Output Text: | In addition , 90 minutes after <span class="chemical">CP</span> injection , that is , at the time of administration of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> , the bladder was removed in some rats for histological examination . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Finally , to show that the bladder is essential for the CP - induced behavioral modifications , female rats also received CP at doses of 200 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | Finally , to show that the bladder is essential for the <span class="chemical">CP</span> - induced behavioral modifications , female rats also received <span class="chemical">CP</span> at doses of 200 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . p . and of 20 mg . by the intravesical route , and acrolein at doses of 0 . 5 mg . by the intravesical route and of 5 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | i . p . and of 20 mg . by the intravesical route , and <span class="chemical">acrolein</span> at doses of 0 . 5 mg . by the intravesical route and of 5 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . v . RESULTS : CP dose - relatedly induced marked behavioral modifications in male rats : breathing rate decrease , closing of the eyes and occurrence of specific postures .
### Output Text: | i . v . RESULTS : <span class="chemical">CP</span> dose - relatedly induced marked behavioral modifications in male rats : breathing rate decrease , closing of the eyes and occurrence of specific postures . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Morphine dose - dependently reversed these behavioral disorders .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Morphine</span> dose - dependently reversed these behavioral disorders . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A dose of 0 . 5 mg . / kg . produced a reduction of almost 50 % of the behavioral score induced by CP 200 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | A dose of 0 . 5 mg . / kg . produced a reduction of almost 50 % of the behavioral score induced by <span class="chemical">CP</span> 200 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: This effect was completely prevented by pretreatment with naloxone .
### Output Text: | This effect was completely prevented by pretreatment with <span class="chemical">naloxone</span> . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: At the time of administration of morphine , histological modifications of the bladder wall , such as chorionic and muscle layer edema , were observed .
### Output Text: | At the time of administration of <span class="chemical">morphine</span> , histological modifications of the bladder wall , such as chorionic and muscle layer edema , were observed . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: In female rats , CP 200 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | In female rats , <span class="chemical">CP</span> 200 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . p . produced the same marked behavioral modifications as those observed in male rats .
### Output Text: | i . p . produced the same marked behavioral modifications as those observed in male rats . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Administered at the dose of 20 mg . intravesically , CP did not produce any behavioral effects , whereas acrolein at 0 . 5 mg . intravesically induced behavioral modifications identical to those under CP 200 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | Administered at the dose of 20 mg . intravesically , <span class="chemical">CP</span> did not produce any behavioral effects , whereas <span class="chemical">acrolein</span> at 0 . 5 mg . intravesically induced behavioral modifications identical to those under <span class="chemical">CP</span> 200 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . p . , with the same maximal levels .
### Output Text: | i . p . , with the same maximal levels . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Conversely , acrolein 5 mg . / kg .
### Output Text: | Conversely , <span class="chemical">acrolein</span> 5 mg . / kg . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: i . v . did not produce any behavioral effects at all .
### Output Text: | i . v . did not produce any behavioral effects at all . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: CONCLUSIONS : Overall , these results indicate that this experimental model of CP - induced cystitis may be an interesting new behavioral model of inflammatory visceral pain , allowing a better understanding of these painful syndromes and thus a better therapeutic approach to them .
### Output Text: | CONCLUSIONS : Overall , these results indicate that this experimental model of <span class="chemical">CP</span> - induced cystitis may be an interesting new behavioral model of inflammatory visceral pain , allowing a better understanding of these painful syndromes and thus a better therapeutic approach to them . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Prednisolone - induced muscle dysfunction is caused more by atrophy than by altered acetylcholine receptor expression .
### Output Text: | <span class="chemical">Prednisolone</span> - induced muscle dysfunction is caused more by atrophy than by altered <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> receptor expression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: Large doses of glucocorticoids can alter muscle physiology and susceptibility to neuromuscular blocking drugs by mechanisms not clearly understood .
### Output Text: | Large doses of glucocorticoids can alter muscle physiology and susceptibility to neuromuscular blocking drugs by mechanisms not clearly understood . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: We investigated the effects of moderate and large doses of prednisolone on muscle function and pharmacology , and their relationship to changes in muscle size and acetylcholine receptor ( AChR ) expression .
### Output Text: | We investigated the effects of moderate and large doses of <span class="chemical">prednisolone</span> on muscle function and pharmacology , and their relationship to changes in muscle size and <span class="chemical">acetylcholine</span> receptor ( AChR ) expression . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: With institutional approval , 35 Sprague - Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive daily subcutaneous doses of 10 mg / kg prednisolone ( P10 group ) , 100 mg / kg prednisolone ( P100 group ) , or an equal volume of saline ( S group ) for 7 days .
### Output Text: | With institutional approval , 35 Sprague - Dawley rats were randomly allocated to receive daily subcutaneous doses of 10 mg / kg <span class="chemical">prednisolone</span> ( P10 group ) , 100 mg / kg <span class="chemical">prednisolone</span> ( P100 group ) , or an equal volume of saline ( S group ) for 7 days . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: A fourth group of rats was pair fed ( food restricted ) with the P100 rats for 7 days ( FR group ) .
### Output Text: | A fourth group of rats was pair fed ( food restricted ) with the P100 rats for 7 days ( FR group ) . |
In the sentence extracted from biomedical literature, identify all the chemical entities. The required answer format is the same sentence with HTML <span> tags to mark up specific entities.
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### Input Text: On Day 8 , the nerve - evoked peak twitch tensions , tetanic tensions , and fatigability , and the dose - response curves of d - tubocurarine in the tibialis cranialis muscle were measured in vivo and related to muscle mass or expression of AChRs .
### Output Text: | On Day 8 , the nerve - evoked peak twitch tensions , tetanic tensions , and fatigability , and the dose - response curves of <span class="chemical">d - tubocurarine</span> in the tibialis cranialis muscle were measured in vivo and related to muscle mass or expression of AChRs . |