Ukuxhumana yindlela ulwazi oludluliswa ngayo kusukela kumthumeli kuya kumthunyelwa ngokusebenzisa enye yezindlela zokuxhumana. Umphakathi noma umphakathi uyiqembu labantu abenza ndawonye uhlelo oluvaliwe futhi ngaphakathi kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwamalungu eqembu. Yize abantu futhi behlala ndawonye nezilwane nezinto, inethiwekhi yobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu iphakathi. Umphakathi uyinto yokufunda ngokuncomeka kwesayensi yezenhlalo. Ngokuya ngomongo, imiqondo yomphakathi nomphakathi ingakhawulwa noma ikhuliswe ngenombolo. Ubuncane babantu ababili sebungabandakanya ukuhlala ndawonye, ​​ezinye izibonelo ezingeni lomndeni ngumndeni kanye nomphakathi ohlala kuwo. Kancane kancane indawo yangakini noma indawo yokuhlala, idolobhana nedolobha. Ezingeni lezwe noma lombuso, igama elithi umphakathi lifana kakhulu nomphakathi, kepha okugcizelelwayo kugxile kakhulu ebudlelwaneni bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabantu futhi kuncane ezikhungweni. Okuphakeme kakhulu kungaba umphakathi wabo bonke abantu emhlabeni (bona i-cosmopolitanism). Umehluko omkhulu phakathi komphakathi neqembu lezilwane ukuthi abantu bawulolonge kahle umphakathi wabo. Lokhu bekulokhu kuyindikimba kusukela esikhathini sosolwazi bamaGrikhi: isiko lomuntu kuqhathaniswa nemvelo, ama-nomos (umthetho) noma ithisisi (isikhungo) kuqhathaniswa ne-physis (imvelo). Kwezemfundo kuyacaca kumalungu amasha omphakathi ukuthi umuntu kumele aziphathe kanjani. Lokhu kuthinta izinkambiso, izindinganiso, imithetho kanye nemithetho, nayo edalelwe inhloso yokwakha umphakathi ongcono kakhulu ongahlaliseka kuwo wonke amalungu.