I-Morphine ngumuthi wezinhlungu womndeni we- opiate otholakala ngokwemvelo ngombala onsundu, onenhlaka, ovela esitshalweni se-poppy ( Papaver somniferum ). Ingathathwa ngomlomo noma ijojowe; kuyabhenywa kaningi. Isebenza ngqo ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi (CNS) ukukhulisa imizwa yenjabulo nokuphumula okufudumele nokunciphisa izinhlungu, futhi kuvame ukuhlukunyezwa ngale njongo. Ingathathwa ngazo zombili izinhlungu ezibuhlungu nobuhlungu obungapheli futhi ijwayele ukusetshenziselwa ubuhlungu obuvela ku- infarction ye-myocardial, amatshe ezinso, nangesikhathi sokubeletha . I-morphine ingalawulwa ngomlomo, ngomjovo emsipheni, ngomjovo ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngemithambo yegazi, ngomjovo esikhaleni esizungeze umgogodla, noma ngohlangothi . Umphumela wayo omkhulu ufinyelelwa ngemuva kokucishe kube ngu-20 imizuzu lapho ifakwa ngemithambo yegazi kanye nama-60 imizuzu lapho ilawulwa ngomlomo, kanti ubude bomphumela wayo ngu-3-7 amahora. hgUkwakhiwa okusebenza isikhathi eside kwe-morphine kuyatholakala njenge-MS-Contin, iKadian, namanye amagama emikhiqizo kanye nangokomkhiqizo. Empty citation (help) Endogenous morphine: up-to-date review 2011. http://fb.cuni.cz/file/5635/FB2012A0008.pdf. Retrieved 10 October 2016.