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be considered a contender, hanna worked to elect mckinley. in 1895, hanna left his business career to devote himself full @ - @ time to mckinley's campaign for president. hanna paid all expenses to get mckinley the nomination the following year, although he was in any event the frontrunner. the democrats nominated former nebraska congressman william jennings bryan, who ran on a bimetallism, or " free silver ", platform. hanna's fundraising broke records, and once initial public enthusiasm for bryan and his program subsided, mckinley was comfortably elected. declining a cabinet position, hanna secured appointment as senator from ohio after sherman was made secretary of state
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[ "noted", "the", "aggressive", "nature", "of", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "political", "style", ",", "and", "commented", ",", "\"", "how", "much", "of", "his", "failure", "to", "reach", "high", "office", "was", "at", "##tri", "##bu", "##table", "to", "ill", "fortune", "and", "how", "much", "to", "some", "of", "his", "traits", ",", "readers", "…", "may", "judge", "for", "themselves", ".", "\"", "cincinnati", "editor", "mu", "##rat", "hal", "##stead", ",", "a", "contemporary", ",", "attributed", "the", "fact", "that", "for", "##aker", "did", "not", "get", "nominated", "in", "1888", "to", "the", "surplus", "of", "ambitious", "ohio", "men", "at", "the", "convention", ":", "in", "addition", "to", "sherman", ",", "for", "##aker", ",", "and", "mckinley", ",", "even", "harrison", "had", "been", "born", "in", "ohio", ".", "according", "to", "ne", "##vin", "##s", ",", "\"", "in", "the", "era", "which", "began", "after", "mckinley", "'", "s", "assassination", "he", "did", "not", "show", "the", "progressive", "qualities", "which", "the" ]
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noted the aggressive nature of foraker's political style, and commented, " how much of his failure to reach high office was attributable to ill fortune and how much to some of his traits, readers … may judge for themselves. " cincinnati editor murat halstead, a contemporary, attributed the fact that foraker did not get nominated in 1888 to the surplus of ambitious ohio men at the convention : in addition to sherman, foraker, and mckinley, even harrison had been born in ohio. according to nevins, " in the era which began after mckinley's assassination he did not show the progressive qualities which the
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[ "a", "u", ".", "s", ".", "territory", ".", "historians", "regard", "mckinley", "'", "s", "1896", "victory", "as", "a", "real", "##ign", "##ing", "election", ",", "in", "which", "the", "political", "stale", "##mate", "of", "the", "post", "@", "-", "@", "civil", "war", "era", "gave", "way", "to", "the", "republican", "@", "-", "@", "dominated", "fourth", "party", "system", ",", "which", "began", "with", "the", "progressive", "era", ".", "mckinley", "defeated", "bryan", "again", "in", "the", "1900", "presidential", "election", ",", "in", "a", "campaign", "focused", "on", "imperialism", ",", "protection", "##ism", ",", "and", "free", "silver", ".", "however", ",", "his", "legacy", "was", "quickly", "cut", "short", "when", "he", "was", "shot", "on", "september", "6", ",", "1901", "by", "leon", "c", "##zo", "##l", "##gos", "##z", ",", "a", "second", "@", "-", "@", "generation", "polish", "@", "-", "@", "american", "with", "anarchist", "leaning", "##s", ";", "mckinley", "died", "eight", "days", "later", ",", "and" ]
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a u. s. territory. historians regard mckinley's 1896 victory as a realigning election, in which the political stalemate of the post @ - @ civil war era gave way to the republican @ - @ dominated fourth party system, which began with the progressive era. mckinley defeated bryan again in the 1900 presidential election, in a campaign focused on imperialism, protectionism, and free silver. however, his legacy was quickly cut short when he was shot on september 6, 1901 by leon czolgosz, a second @ - @ generation polish @ - @ american with anarchist leanings ; mckinley died eight days later, and
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[ "that", "with", "mckinley", "in", "the", "executive", "mansion", "(", "as", "the", "white", "house", "was", "still", "formally", "known", ")", "and", "sherman", "expected", "to", "be", "senior", "senator", ",", "he", "could", "expect", "only", "limited", "patronage", "appointments", "for", "his", "supporters", ".", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "close", "friend", "hanna", "instead", "in", "the", "senate", ",", "for", "##aker", "was", "allowed", "to", "recommend", "appoint", "##ees", "to", "the", "president", ",", "but", "mckinley", "allowed", "hanna", "to", "exercise", "a", "veto", "over", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "candidates", ".", "for", "##aker", "was", "not", "visibly", "involved", "in", "the", "unsuccessful", "efforts", "to", "deny", "hanna", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "in", "1898", ",", "but", "several", "of", "his", "allies", ",", "including", "bush", "##nell", "and", "kurt", "##z", ",", "were", "part", "of", "the", "opposition", ".", "for", "##aker", "nominated", "mckinley", "again", "at", "the", "1900", "convention", ";", "his", "fl", "##ori" ]
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that with mckinley in the executive mansion ( as the white house was still formally known ) and sherman expected to be senior senator, he could expect only limited patronage appointments for his supporters. with mckinley's close friend hanna instead in the senate, foraker was allowed to recommend appointees to the president, but mckinley allowed hanna to exercise a veto over foraker's candidates. foraker was not visibly involved in the unsuccessful efforts to deny hanna re @ - @ election in 1898, but several of his allies, including bushnell and kurtz, were part of the opposition. foraker nominated mckinley again at the 1900 convention ; his flori
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[ "but", "they", "could", "throw", "all", "their", "energies", "into", "the", "district", ",", "as", "the", "mckinley", "tariff", "was", "a", "main", "theme", "of", "the", "democratic", "campaign", "nationwide", ",", "and", "there", "was", "considerable", "attention", "paid", "to", "mckinley", "'", "s", "race", ".", "the", "republican", "party", "sent", "its", "leading", "or", "##ators", "to", "canton", ",", "including", "blaine", "(", "then", "secretary", "of", "state", ")", ",", "speaker", "reed", "and", "president", "harrison", ".", "the", "democrats", "countered", "with", "their", "best", "spoke", "##sm", "##en", "on", "tariff", "issues", ".", "mckinley", "tire", "##lessly", "stump", "##ed", "his", "new", "district", ",", "reaching", "out", "to", "its", "40", "@", ",", "@", "000", "voters", "to", "explain", "that", "his", "tariff", "was", "framed", "for", "the", "people", ".", ".", ".", "as", "a", "defense", "to", "their", "industries", ",", "as", "a", "protection", "to", "the", "labor", "of", "their", "hands", ",", "as", "a", "safeguard" ]
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but they could throw all their energies into the district, as the mckinley tariff was a main theme of the democratic campaign nationwide, and there was considerable attention paid to mckinley's race. the republican party sent its leading orators to canton, including blaine ( then secretary of state ), speaker reed and president harrison. the democrats countered with their best spokesmen on tariff issues. mckinley tirelessly stumped his new district, reaching out to its 40 @, @ 000 voters to explain that his tariff was framed for the people... as a defense to their industries, as a protection to the labor of their hands, as a safeguard
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[ "york", ",", "used", "by", "hanna", "as", "a", "base", "of", "operations", "as", "he", "sought", "to", "gain", "support", "from", "new", "york", "fin", "##an", "##cier", "##s", ".", "hanna", "'", "s", "task", "was", "to", "raise", "the", "money", ";", "other", "campaign", "officials", ",", "such", "as", "da", "##wes", ",", "determined", "how", "to", "spend", "it", ".", "being", "relatively", "unknown", "on", "the", "national", "scene", ",", "hanna", "initially", "had", "little", "success", ",", "despite", "wall", "street", "'", "s", "fear", "of", "bryan", ".", "some", "wall", "street", "titans", ",", "although", "di", "##sl", "##iki", "##ng", "bryan", "'", "s", "positions", ",", "did", "not", "take", "him", "seriously", "as", "a", "candidate", "and", "refused", "to", "contribute", "to", "the", "mckinley", "campaign", ".", "those", "who", "did", "know", "hanna", ",", "such", "as", "his", "old", "school", "##mate", "rockefeller", "β€”", "the", "magnate", "'", "s", "standard", "oil", "gave", "$", "250", "@" ]
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york, used by hanna as a base of operations as he sought to gain support from new york financiers. hanna's task was to raise the money ; other campaign officials, such as dawes, determined how to spend it. being relatively unknown on the national scene, hanna initially had little success, despite wall street's fear of bryan. some wall street titans, although disliking bryan's positions, did not take him seriously as a candidate and refused to contribute to the mckinley campaign. those who did know hanna, such as his old schoolmate rockefeller β€” the magnate's standard oil gave $ 250 @
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[ "devoted", "husband", "and", "tended", "to", "his", "wife", "'", "s", "medical", "and", "emotional", "needs", "for", "the", "rest", "of", "his", "life", ".", "ida", "insisted", "that", "mckinley", "continue", "his", "increasingly", "successful", "career", "in", "law", "and", "politics", ".", "he", "attended", "the", "state", "republican", "convention", "that", "nominated", "hayes", "for", "a", "third", "term", "as", "governor", "in", "1875", ",", "and", "campaigned", "again", "for", "his", "old", "friend", "in", "the", "election", "that", "fall", ".", "the", "next", "year", ",", "mckinley", "undertook", "a", "high", "@", "-", "@", "profile", "case", "defending", "a", "group", "of", "coal", "miners", "arrested", "for", "riot", "##ing", "after", "a", "clash", "with", "strike", "##breakers", ".", "lynch", ",", "mckinley", "'", "s", "opponent", "in", "the", "1871", "election", ",", "and", "his", "partner", ",", "william", "r", ".", "day", ",", "were", "the", "opposing", "counsel", ",", "and", "the", "mine", "owners", "included", "mark", "hanna", "," ]
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devoted husband and tended to his wife's medical and emotional needs for the rest of his life. ida insisted that mckinley continue his increasingly successful career in law and politics. he attended the state republican convention that nominated hayes for a third term as governor in 1875, and campaigned again for his old friend in the election that fall. the next year, mckinley undertook a high @ - @ profile case defending a group of coal miners arrested for rioting after a clash with strikebreakers. lynch, mckinley's opponent in the 1871 election, and his partner, william r. day, were the opposing counsel, and the mine owners included mark hanna,
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[ "face", ".", "another", "shows", "only", "hanna", "'", "s", "hand", "and", "wrist", "β€”", "and", "mckinley", "dangling", "from", "his", "f", "##ob", "chain", ".", "one", "that", "is", "intended", "to", "be", "funny", "depicts", "mckinley", "as", "a", "small", "boy", "accompanied", "by", "hanna", "as", "nurse", "##maid", ";", "mckinley", "tugs", "at", "hanna", "'", "s", "skirts", ",", "wanting", "to", "go", "into", "a", "shop", "where", "the", "labor", "vote", "is", "for", "sale", ".", "another", "shows", "hanna", "wearing", "a", "napoleon", "hat", "(", "mckinley", "was", "said", "to", "resemble", "the", "late", "emperor", ")", ",", "raising", "a", "mask", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "face", "to", "his", "own", ".", "davenport", "'", "s", "cartoons", "ran", "a", "few", "times", "per", "week", "in", "the", "journal", ",", "generally", "on", "an", "inside", "page", ".", "they", "were", ",", "however", ",", "widely", "reprinted", "β€”", "including", "in", "bryan", "'", "s", "campaign", "materials" ]
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face. another shows only hanna's hand and wrist β€” and mckinley dangling from his fob chain. one that is intended to be funny depicts mckinley as a small boy accompanied by hanna as nursemaid ; mckinley tugs at hanna's skirts, wanting to go into a shop where the labor vote is for sale. another shows hanna wearing a napoleon hat ( mckinley was said to resemble the late emperor ), raising a mask of mckinley's face to his own. davenport's cartoons ran a few times per week in the journal, generally on an inside page. they were, however, widely reprinted β€” including in bryan's campaign materials
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[ ",", "and", "in", "october", "went", "on", "a", "short", "campaign", "tour", "of", "new", "jersey", ",", "though", "he", "was", "a", "reluctant", "public", "speaker", ".", "hobart", "was", "much", "stronger", "for", "the", "gold", "standard", "than", "was", "mckinley", ",", "and", "made", "clear", "his", "views", "in", "his", "speeches", ".", "william", "randolph", "hearst", "'", "s", "new", "york", "journal", "was", "hostile", "to", "mckinley", "throughout", "the", "campaign", ";", "prior", "to", "the", "republican", "convention", ",", "alfred", "henry", "lewis", "accused", "hanna", "of", "acting", "on", "behalf", "of", "a", "syndicate", ",", "controlling", "mckinley", ".", "during", "the", "general", "election", "campaign", ",", "the", "democratic", "newspapers", ",", "especially", "the", "papers", "owned", "by", "hearst", ",", "attacked", "hanna", "for", "his", "supposed", "role", "as", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "master", ".", "these", "articles", "and", "cartoons", "have", "contributed", "to", "a", "lasting", "popular", "belief", "that", "mckinley", "was", "not", "his", "own" ]
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, and in october went on a short campaign tour of new jersey, though he was a reluctant public speaker. hobart was much stronger for the gold standard than was mckinley, and made clear his views in his speeches. william randolph hearst's new york journal was hostile to mckinley throughout the campaign ; prior to the republican convention, alfred henry lewis accused hanna of acting on behalf of a syndicate, controlling mckinley. during the general election campaign, the democratic newspapers, especially the papers owned by hearst, attacked hanna for his supposed role as mckinley's political master. these articles and cartoons have contributed to a lasting popular belief that mckinley was not his own
555
[ "β€”", "and", "according", "to", "why", "##te", ",", "\"", "nothing", "in", "any", "paper", "came", "close", "to", "matching", "their", "impact", "[", "on", "the", "presidential", "race", "]", "\"", ".", "hanna", "biographer", "william", "t", ".", "horne", "##r", "noted", ",", "\"", "davenport", "'", "s", "image", "of", "hanna", "in", "a", "suit", "covered", "with", "dollar", "signs", "remains", "an", "iconic", "view", "of", "the", "man", "to", "this", "day", "\"", ".", "despite", "great", "public", "excitement", "after", "his", "nomination", ",", "bryan", "was", "unable", "to", "overcome", "his", "disadvantage", "##s", "in", "financing", ",", "organization", ",", "lack", "of", "party", "unity", ",", "and", "public", "mist", "##rus", "##t", "of", "the", "democrats", ",", "and", "he", "was", "defeated", "in", "the", "november", "election", ".", "a", "few", "days", "after", "the", "election", ",", "davenport", "went", "to", "republican", "headquarters", "in", "new", "york", "to", "be", "formally", "introduced", "to", "the", "man", "he" ]
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β€” and according to whyte, " nothing in any paper came close to matching their impact [ on the presidential race ] ". hanna biographer william t. horner noted, " davenport's image of hanna in a suit covered with dollar signs remains an iconic view of the man to this day ". despite great public excitement after his nomination, bryan was unable to overcome his disadvantages in financing, organization, lack of party unity, and public mistrust of the democrats, and he was defeated in the november election. a few days after the election, davenport went to republican headquarters in new york to be formally introduced to the man he
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[ "'", "s", "campaign", "for", "speaker", "of", "the", "house", ".", "the", "effort", "failed", ";", "another", "republican", ",", "thomas", "b", ".", "reed", "of", "maine", ",", "was", "elected", ".", "in", "1890", "mckinley", "was", "defeated", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "to", "congress", ".", "this", "was", "not", "seen", "as", "a", "major", "set", "##back", "to", "his", "career", ";", "he", "was", "deemed", "beaten", "by", "democratic", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "##ing", "in", "red", "##ist", "##ricting", ",", "and", "because", "of", "his", "sponsorship", "of", "a", "tariff", "bill", "β€”", "the", "increased", "tariffs", "had", "caused", "prices", "to", "rise", ".", "in", "1891", ",", "mckinley", "proved", "the", "consensus", "choice", "for", "the", "republican", "nomination", "for", "governor", ".", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "candidacy", "needing", "little", "of", "his", "attention", ",", "hanna", "spent", "much", "of", "his", "time", "working", "to", "secure", "sherman", "'", "s", "re", "@", "-" ]
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' s campaign for speaker of the house. the effort failed ; another republican, thomas b. reed of maine, was elected. in 1890 mckinley was defeated for re @ - @ election to congress. this was not seen as a major setback to his career ; he was deemed beaten by democratic gerrymandering in redistricting, and because of his sponsorship of a tariff bill β€” the increased tariffs had caused prices to rise. in 1891, mckinley proved the consensus choice for the republican nomination for governor. with mckinley's candidacy needing little of his attention, hanna spent much of his time working to secure sherman's re @ -
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[ "s", "current", "governor", ",", "asa", "s", ".", "bush", "##nell", ".", "a", "truce", "was", "reached", "for", "the", "1896", "election", "campaign", "whereby", "mckinley", "'", "s", "supporters", "would", "vote", "for", "for", "##aker", "in", "the", "ohio", "legislature", "'", "s", "january", "1896", "senator", "##ial", "election", ",", "while", "for", "##aker", "would", "support", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidential", "ambitions", ".", "for", "##aker", "was", "elected", "and", "in", "june", ",", "the", "senator", "@", "-", "@", "elect", "placed", "mckinley", "'", "s", "name", "in", "nomination", "at", "the", "1896", "republican", "national", "convention", ".", "in", "the", "november", "election", ",", "mckinley", "defeated", "democrat", "william", "jennings", "bryan", "to", "win", "the", "presidency", ";", "hanna", "served", "as", "his", "campaign", "manager", "and", "chief", "fundraiser", ".", "the", "industrialist", "raised", "millions", "for", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", "but", "was", "bitterly", "attacked", "by", "democratic", "newspapers", "for", "allegedly", "trying", "to", "buy", "the" ]
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s current governor, asa s. bushnell. a truce was reached for the 1896 election campaign whereby mckinley's supporters would vote for foraker in the ohio legislature's january 1896 senatorial election, while foraker would support mckinley's presidential ambitions. foraker was elected and in june, the senator @ - @ elect placed mckinley's name in nomination at the 1896 republican national convention. in the november election, mckinley defeated democrat william jennings bryan to win the presidency ; hanna served as his campaign manager and chief fundraiser. the industrialist raised millions for mckinley's campaign but was bitterly attacked by democratic newspapers for allegedly trying to buy the
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[ "days", "of", "the", "voting", ".", "in", "the", "senate", ",", "there", "were", "identical", "votes", "for", "short", "and", "long", "term", ".", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "received", "the", "votes", "of", "18", "democrats", "and", "one", "republican", ",", "while", "hanna", "won", "the", "vote", "of", "16", "republicans", "and", "the", "one", "independent", "republican", ".", "the", "split", "between", "the", "two", "houses", "meant", "that", "there", "would", "be", "a", "roll", "@", "-", "@", "call", "vote", "of", "the", "two", "houses", "in", "joint", "convention", "the", "following", "day", ".", "nevertheless", ",", "if", "hanna", "held", "all", "73", "votes", "cast", "for", "him", ",", "he", "would", "be", "elected", ".", "according", "to", "alfred", "henry", "lewis", "of", "hearst", "'", "s", "journal", ",", "writing", "on", "january", "12", ",", "\"", "the", "opposition", "to", "hanna", "was", "utterly", "di", "##sor", "##gan", "##ized", "by", "the", "history", "of", "yesterday", ",", "and", "practically", "speaking" ]
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days of the voting. in the senate, there were identical votes for short and long term. mckisson received the votes of 18 democrats and one republican, while hanna won the vote of 16 republicans and the one independent republican. the split between the two houses meant that there would be a roll @ - @ call vote of the two houses in joint convention the following day. nevertheless, if hanna held all 73 votes cast for him, he would be elected. according to alfred henry lewis of hearst's journal, writing on january 12, " the opposition to hanna was utterly disorganized by the history of yesterday, and practically speaking
555
[ "poor", "from", "starvation", ",", "and", "we", "no", "[", "sic", "]", "you", "will", "save", "us", ".", "\"", "a", "farmer", "in", "iowa", ",", "in", "a", "letter", "to", "bryan", ",", "stated", ",", "\"", "you", "are", "the", "first", "big", "man", "that", "i", "[", "sic", "]", "ever", "wrote", "to", ".", "\"", "when", "mckinley", "heard", "that", "bryan", "was", "likely", "to", "be", "the", "nominee", ",", "he", "called", "the", "report", "\"", "rot", "\"", "and", "hung", "up", "the", "phone", ".", "the", "republican", "nominee", "was", "slow", "to", "realize", "the", "surge", "of", "support", "for", "bryan", "after", "the", "nomination", ",", "stating", "his", "view", "that", "the", "silver", "sentiment", "would", "be", "gone", "in", "a", "month", ".", "when", "mckinley", "and", "his", "advisers", ",", "such", "as", "industrialist", "and", "future", "senator", "mark", "hanna", ",", "realized", "that", "the", "views", "were", "more", "than", "transit", "##ory", ",", "they" ]
585,918
poor from starvation, and we no [ sic ] you will save us. " a farmer in iowa, in a letter to bryan, stated, " you are the first big man that i [ sic ] ever wrote to. " when mckinley heard that bryan was likely to be the nominee, he called the report " rot " and hung up the phone. the republican nominee was slow to realize the surge of support for bryan after the nomination, stating his view that the silver sentiment would be gone in a month. when mckinley and his advisers, such as industrialist and future senator mark hanna, realized that the views were more than transitory, they
555
[ "##ing", "him", "out", "of", "office", ",", "led", "to", "his", "defeat", "in", "the", "democratic", "landslide", "of", "1890", ".", "he", "was", "elected", "ohio", "'", "s", "governor", "in", "1891", "and", "1893", ",", "steering", "a", "moderate", "course", "between", "capital", "and", "labor", "interests", ".", "with", "the", "aid", "of", "his", "close", "adviser", "mark", "hanna", ",", "he", "secured", "the", "republican", "nomination", "for", "president", "in", "1896", ",", "amid", "a", "deep", "economic", "depression", ".", "he", "defeated", "his", "democratic", "rival", ",", "william", "jennings", "bryan", ",", "after", "a", "front", "@", "-", "@", "porch", "campaign", "in", "which", "he", "advocated", "\"", "sound", "money", "\"", "(", "the", "gold", "standard", "unless", "altered", "by", "international", "agreement", ")", "and", "promised", "that", "high", "tariffs", "would", "restore", "prosperity", ".", "rapid", "economic", "growth", "marked", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidency", ".", "he", "promoted", "the", "1897", "ding", "##ley", "tariff", "to", "protect" ]
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##ing him out of office, led to his defeat in the democratic landslide of 1890. he was elected ohio's governor in 1891 and 1893, steering a moderate course between capital and labor interests. with the aid of his close adviser mark hanna, he secured the republican nomination for president in 1896, amid a deep economic depression. he defeated his democratic rival, william jennings bryan, after a front @ - @ porch campaign in which he advocated " sound money " ( the gold standard unless altered by international agreement ) and promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity. rapid economic growth marked mckinley's presidency. he promoted the 1897 dingley tariff to protect
555
[ "where", "mckinley", ",", "for", "##aker", ",", "and", "hanna", "were", "all", "delegates", "supporting", "sherman", ".", "convinced", "sherman", "could", "not", "win", ",", "for", "##aker", "threw", "his", "support", "to", "the", "unsuccessful", "republican", "1884", "presidential", "nominee", ",", "maine", "senator", "james", "g", ".", "blaine", ".", "when", "blaine", "stated", "he", "was", "not", "a", "candidate", ",", "for", "##aker", "returned", "to", "sherman", ",", "but", "the", "nomination", "went", "to", "former", "indiana", "senator", "benjamin", "harrison", ",", "who", "was", "elected", "president", ".", "in", "the", "bitterness", "that", "followed", "the", "convention", ",", "hanna", "abandoned", "for", "##aker", ",", "and", "for", "the", "rest", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "life", ",", "the", "ohio", "republican", "party", "was", "divided", "into", "two", "factions", ",", "one", "aligned", "with", "mckinley", ",", "sherman", ",", "and", "hanna", "and", "the", "other", "with", "for", "##aker", ".", "hanna", "came", "to", "admire", "mckinley", "and", "became", "a" ]
382,316
where mckinley, foraker, and hanna were all delegates supporting sherman. convinced sherman could not win, foraker threw his support to the unsuccessful republican 1884 presidential nominee, maine senator james g. blaine. when blaine stated he was not a candidate, foraker returned to sherman, but the nomination went to former indiana senator benjamin harrison, who was elected president. in the bitterness that followed the convention, hanna abandoned foraker, and for the rest of mckinley's life, the ohio republican party was divided into two factions, one aligned with mckinley, sherman, and hanna and the other with foraker. hanna came to admire mckinley and became a
555
[ ",", "investigating", "hanna", ".", "in", "1893", ",", "governor", "mckinley", "had", "been", "called", "upon", "to", "pay", "the", "obligations", "of", "a", "friend", "for", "whom", "he", "had", "co", "@", "-", "@", "signed", "loans", ";", "hanna", "and", "other", "mckinley", "supporters", "had", "bought", "up", "or", "paid", "these", "debts", ".", "lewis", "viewed", "hanna", "as", "controlling", "mckinley", ",", "able", "to", "ruin", "the", "candidate", "by", "calling", "in", "the", "purchased", "notes", ".", "becoming", "increasingly", "outraged", "by", "what", "he", "deemed", "as", "hanna", "'", "s", "purchase", "of", "the", "republican", "nomination", ",", "and", "so", "likely", "the", "presidency", ",", "lewis", "began", "to", "popular", "##ize", "this", "view", "in", "the", "pages", "of", "the", "journal", ".", "the", "first", "davenport", "cartoon", "depicting", "hanna", "appeared", "soon", "after", ".", "=", "=", "=", "1896", "election", "and", "mark", "hanna", "=", "=", "=", "mckinley", ",", "with", "the", "exception", "of", "his" ]
635,325
, investigating hanna. in 1893, governor mckinley had been called upon to pay the obligations of a friend for whom he had co @ - @ signed loans ; hanna and other mckinley supporters had bought up or paid these debts. lewis viewed hanna as controlling mckinley, able to ruin the candidate by calling in the purchased notes. becoming increasingly outraged by what he deemed as hanna's purchase of the republican nomination, and so likely the presidency, lewis began to popularize this view in the pages of the journal. the first davenport cartoon depicting hanna appeared soon after. = = = 1896 election and mark hanna = = = mckinley, with the exception of his
555
[ "convention", ".", "according", "to", "morgan", ",", "many", "delegates", "\"", "saw", "in", "[", "mckinley", "]", "their", "nominee", "for", "1896", "\"", ".", "harrison", "and", "his", "adherents", "were", "un", "##im", "##pressed", "by", "mckinley", "'", "s", "conduct", ",", "recalling", "that", "he", "had", "cut", "off", "talk", "of", "a", "candidacy", "in", "1888", ",", "but", "had", "not", "done", "so", "in", "1892", ".", "nevertheless", ",", "hanna", "wrote", "in", "a", "letter", "that", "\"", "i", "do", "not", "consider", "that", "governor", "mckinley", "was", "placed", "in", "any", "false", "position", "by", "what", "was", "done", ".", ".", ".", "governor", "mckinley", "'", "s", "position", "today", "as", "a", "result", "of", "all", "that", "trans", "##pired", "at", "minneapolis", "is", "in", "the", "best", "possible", "shape", "for", "his", "future", ".", "his", "bearing", "and", "conduct", "and", "personal", "magnet", "##ism", "won", "the", "hearts", "and", "respect", "of", "everybody", ".", "\"", "mckinley" ]
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convention. according to morgan, many delegates " saw in [ mckinley ] their nominee for 1896 ". harrison and his adherents were unimpressed by mckinley's conduct, recalling that he had cut off talk of a candidacy in 1888, but had not done so in 1892. nevertheless, hanna wrote in a letter that " i don't consider that governor mckinley was placed in any false position by what was done... governor mckinley's position today as a result of all that transpired at minneapolis is in the best possible shape for his future. his bearing and conduct and personal magnetism won the hearts and respect of everybody. " mckinley
555
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been senator @ - @ elect since his selection by the legislature in january 1896 " and there was no vacancy for which mr. hanna could be qualified, except only that to be created by the retirement of mr. sherman, and mr. sherman refused to retire until i was sworn and in my seat ". = = 1897 state legislative campaign = = hanna obtained endorsement for election as senator by the 1897 republican state convention during june in toledo, and by local conventions in 84 of ohio's 88 counties. republicans expressed little opposition to hanna's candidacy for senator prior to the november state elections, at which ohioans elected a governor, other statewide
555
[ ",", "but", "the", "republicans", "won", "a", "statewide", "majority", "and", "claimed", "a", "moral", "victory", ".", "even", "before", "mckinley", "completed", "his", "term", "in", "congress", ",", "he", "met", "with", "a", "delegation", "of", "ohio", "##ans", "urging", "him", "to", "run", "for", "governor", ".", "governor", "james", "e", ".", "campbell", ",", "a", "democrat", ",", "who", "had", "defeated", "for", "##aker", "in", "1889", ",", "was", "to", "seek", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "in", "1891", ".", "the", "ohio", "republican", "party", "remained", "divided", ",", "but", "mckinley", "quietly", "arranged", "for", "for", "##aker", "to", "nominate", "him", "at", "the", "1891", "state", "republican", "convention", ",", "which", "chose", "mckinley", "by", "acc", "##lam", "##ation", ".", "the", "former", "congressman", "spent", "much", "of", "the", "second", "half", "of", "1891", "campaigning", "against", "campbell", ",", "beginning", "in", "his", "birthplace", "of", "nile", "##s", ".", "hanna", ",", "however", ",", "was", "little", "seen" ]
382,322
, but the republicans won a statewide majority and claimed a moral victory. even before mckinley completed his term in congress, he met with a delegation of ohioans urging him to run for governor. governor james e. campbell, a democrat, who had defeated foraker in 1889, was to seek re @ - @ election in 1891. the ohio republican party remained divided, but mckinley quietly arranged for foraker to nominate him at the 1891 state republican convention, which chose mckinley by acclamation. the former congressman spent much of the second half of 1891 campaigning against campbell, beginning in his birthplace of niles. hanna, however, was little seen
555
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cancel the appearance of the band for the 2016 event. = = band members = = = = = gallery from hellfest 2013 = = = = = discography = = = william mckinley presidential campaign, 1896 = in 1896, william mckinley was elected president of the united states. mckinley, a republican and former governor of ohio, defeated the joint democratic and populist nominee, william jennings bryan, as well as minor @ - @ party candidates. mckinley's decisive victory in what is sometimes seen as a realigning election ended a period of close presidential contests, and ushered in an era of dominance for the republican party. mckinley was born
555
[ "mid", "@", "-", "@", "1899", ".", "vice", "president", "hobart", ",", "as", "was", "customary", "at", "the", "time", ",", "was", "not", "invited", "to", "cabinet", "meetings", ".", "however", ",", "he", "proved", "a", "valuable", "adviser", "both", "for", "mckinley", "and", "for", "his", "cabinet", "members", ".", "the", "wealthy", "vice", "president", "leased", "a", "residence", "close", "to", "the", "white", "house", ";", "the", "two", "families", "visited", "each", "other", "without", "formal", "##ity", ",", "and", "the", "vice", "president", "'", "s", "wife", ",", "jennie", "tu", "##ttle", "hobart", ",", "sometimes", "substituted", "as", "executive", "mansion", "hostess", "when", "ida", "mckinley", "was", "un", "##well", ".", "for", "most", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "administration", ",", "george", "b", ".", "co", "##rte", "##ly", "##ou", "served", "as", "his", "personal", "secretary", ".", "co", "##rte", "##ly", "##ou", ",", "who", "served", "in", "three", "cabinet", "positions", "under", "theodore", "roosevelt", ",", "became", "a", "combination" ]
382,352
mid @ - @ 1899. vice president hobart, as was customary at the time, was not invited to cabinet meetings. however, he proved a valuable adviser both for mckinley and for his cabinet members. the wealthy vice president leased a residence close to the white house ; the two families visited each other without formality, and the vice president's wife, jennie tuttle hobart, sometimes substituted as executive mansion hostess when ida mckinley was unwell. for most of mckinley's administration, george b. cortelyou served as his personal secretary. cortelyou, who served in three cabinet positions under theodore roosevelt, became a combination
555
[ "@", "election", "by", "the", "ohio", "legislature", "(", "senators", "were", "elected", "by", "state", "legislatures", "until", "the", "ratification", "of", "the", "17th", "amendment", "in", "1913", ")", "by", "raising", "funds", "to", "gain", "the", "election", "of", "republican", "candidates", ".", "hanna", "traveled", "as", "far", "away", "from", "ohio", "as", "new", "york", "and", "iowa", ",", "sol", "##ici", "##ting", "funds", ",", "some", "of", "which", "went", "to", "mckinley", ",", "but", "which", "for", "the", "most", "part", "went", "to", "the", "state", "republican", "committee", ".", "victories", "by", "mckinley", "in", "the", "gubernatorial", "race", "and", "by", "the", "republicans", "in", "securing", "a", "majority", "in", "the", "legislature", "in", "1891", "did", "not", "guarantee", "sherman", "another", "term", ",", "as", "he", "was", "challenged", "for", "his", "seat", "by", "for", "##aker", ".", "hanna", "was", "instrumental", "in", "keeping", "enough", "republican", "support", "to", "secure", "victory", "by", "sherman", "in", "the", "republican", "caucus", "," ]
436,359
@ election by the ohio legislature ( senators were elected by state legislatures until the ratification of the 17th amendment in 1913 ) by raising funds to gain the election of republican candidates. hanna traveled as far away from ohio as new york and iowa, soliciting funds, some of which went to mckinley, but which for the most part went to the state republican committee. victories by mckinley in the gubernatorial race and by the republicans in securing a majority in the legislature in 1891 did not guarantee sherman another term, as he was challenged for his seat by foraker. hanna was instrumental in keeping enough republican support to secure victory by sherman in the republican caucus,
555
[ "as", "men", "elected", "to", "the", "ohio", "legislature", "who", "were", "pledged", "to", "support", "hanna", "continued", "to", "turn", "up", "opposing", "him", ".", ".", ".", "the", "chances", "of", "hanna", "retaining", "his", "seat", "began", "to", "look", "rather", "grim", "\"", ".", "kurt", "##z", "di", "##sa", "##vo", "##wed", "the", "toledo", "convention", "'", "s", "endorsement", "of", "hanna", ",", "describing", "the", "gathering", "as", "controlled", "by", "the", "senator", "'", "s", "paid", "agents", ".", "he", "stated", "his", "case", "against", "hanna", ":", "\"", "the", "returns", "of", "the", "recent", "election", "show", "that", "he", "is", "not", "wanted", "by", "the", "party", ".", "the", "days", "of", "mr", ".", "hanna", "'", "s", "boss", "##ism", "are", "over", ".", "the", "people", "here", "are", "against", "him", ",", "and", "that", "settles", "it", ".", "\"", "several", "of", "the", "men", "who", "opposed", "hanna", "came", "from", "cleveland", "and", "elsewhere", "in", "cu" ]
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as men elected to the ohio legislature who were pledged to support hanna continued to turn up opposing him... the chances of hanna retaining his seat began to look rather grim ". kurtz disavowed the toledo convention's endorsement of hanna, describing the gathering as controlled by the senator's paid agents. he stated his case against hanna : " the returns of the recent election show that he is not wanted by the party. the days of mr. hanna's bossism are over. the people here are against him, and that settles it. " several of the men who opposed hanna came from cleveland and elsewhere in cu
555
[ "badly", "against", "the", "illinois", "@", "-", "@", "born", "bryan", "in", "the", "crucial", "midwest", ".", "according", "to", "the", "biographer", ",", "though", "bryan", "was", "popular", "among", "rural", "voters", ",", "\"", "mckinley", "appealed", "to", "a", "very", "different", "industrial", "##ized", ",", "urban", "##ized", "america", ".", "\"", "=", "=", "presidency", "(", "1897", "–", "1901", ")", "=", "=", "=", "=", "=", "inauguration", "and", "appointments", "=", "=", "=", "mckinley", "was", "sworn", "in", "as", "president", "on", "march", "4", ",", "1897", ",", "as", "his", "wife", "and", "mother", "looked", "on", ".", "the", "new", "president", "gave", "a", "lengthy", "inaugural", "address", ";", "he", "urged", "tariff", "reform", ",", "and", "stated", "that", "the", "currency", "issue", "would", "have", "to", "await", "tariff", "legislation", ".", "he", "warned", "against", "foreign", "interventions", ",", "\"", "we", "want", "no", "wars", "of", "conquest", ".", "we", "must", "avoid", "the", "temptation", "of" ]
382,346
badly against the illinois @ - @ born bryan in the crucial midwest. according to the biographer, though bryan was popular among rural voters, " mckinley appealed to a very different industrialized, urbanized america. " = = presidency ( 1897 – 1901 ) = = = = = inauguration and appointments = = = mckinley was sworn in as president on march 4, 1897, as his wife and mother looked on. the new president gave a lengthy inaugural address ; he urged tariff reform, and stated that the currency issue would have to await tariff legislation. he warned against foreign interventions, " we want no wars of conquest. we must avoid the temptation of
555
[ "##ism", ".", "such", "propaganda", "would", "not", "be", "cheap", ",", "as", "before", "the", "age", "of", "mass", "media", ",", "the", "most", "effective", "way", "of", "reaching", "the", "electorate", "was", "through", "the", "written", "word", ",", "and", "through", "public", "speakers", "who", "would", "address", "meetings", "on", "behalf", "of", "the", "candidate", ".", "this", "would", "take", "money", ",", "and", "hanna", "undertook", "to", "raise", "it", "from", "his", "corporate", "connections", ".", "as", "hanna", "began", "his", "fundraising", "efforts", "in", "late", "july", ",", "the", "pop", "##uli", "##sts", "met", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ".", "faced", "with", "splitting", "the", "silver", "vote", ",", "they", "chose", "to", "end", "##ors", "##e", "bryan", ",", "beginning", "their", "dissolution", "as", "a", "party", ".", "large", "sums", "had", "to", "be", "spent", "quickly", ",", "and", "hanna", "energetic", "##ally", "built", "a", "business", "##like", "campaign", ".", "bryan", "'", "s", "surge", "contributed", "to", "a" ]
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##ism. such propaganda would not be cheap, as before the age of mass media, the most effective way of reaching the electorate was through the written word, and through public speakers who would address meetings on behalf of the candidate. this would take money, and hanna undertook to raise it from his corporate connections. as hanna began his fundraising efforts in late july, the populists met in st. louis. faced with splitting the silver vote, they chose to endorse bryan, beginning their dissolution as a party. large sums had to be spent quickly, and hanna energetically built a businesslike campaign. bryan's surge contributed to a
555
[ "for", "several", "weeks", "for", "the", "republicans", "in", "ohio", ",", "and", "was", "rewarded", "with", "an", "overwhelming", "republican", "victory", ".", "with", "no", "drama", ",", "hanna", "was", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", "in", "january", "1904", "for", "the", "term", "1905", "–", "1911", "by", "a", "legislative", "vote", "of", "115", "–", "25", ",", "a", "much", "larger", "margin", "than", "for", "##aker", "had", "received", "in", "1902", ".", "despite", "the", "differences", "between", "the", "two", "men", ",", "roosevelt", "in", "november", "1903", "asked", "hanna", "to", "run", "his", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "campaign", ".", "hanna", "saw", "this", "as", "an", "un", "##su", "##bt", "##le", "attempt", "by", "the", "president", "to", "ensure", "that", "hanna", "would", "not", "oppose", "him", ",", "and", "was", "slow", "to", "respond", "to", "his", "request", ".", "in", "the", "interim", ",", "he", "allowed", "talk", "of", "a", "hanna", "for", "president", "campaign", "to" ]
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for several weeks for the republicans in ohio, and was rewarded with an overwhelming republican victory. with no drama, hanna was re @ - @ elected in january 1904 for the term 1905 – 1911 by a legislative vote of 115 – 25, a much larger margin than foraker had received in 1902. despite the differences between the two men, roosevelt in november 1903 asked hanna to run his re @ - @ election campaign. hanna saw this as an unsubtle attempt by the president to ensure that hanna would not oppose him, and was slow to respond to his request. in the interim, he allowed talk of a hanna for president campaign to
555
[ "the", "party", "'", "s", "1884", "nominee", ",", "former", "maine", "senator", "james", "g", ".", "blaine", ",", "might", "enter", "the", "race", ",", "for", "##aker", "expressed", "willingness", "to", "support", "blaine", ".", "this", "dealt", "a", "serious", "blow", "to", "sherman", "'", "s", "candidacy", "by", "showing", "division", "in", "his", "home", "state", ",", "and", "the", "nomination", "went", "to", "former", "indiana", "senator", "benjamin", "harrison", ",", "who", "was", "ohio", "@", "-", "@", "born", "and", "who", "was", "elected", ".", "mckinley", "had", "received", "some", "delegate", "votes", ",", "and", "his", "action", "in", "refusing", "to", "consider", "a", "candidacy", "while", "pledged", "to", "support", "sherman", "impressed", "mark", "hanna", ".", "the", "industrialist", "was", "outraged", "at", "for", "##aker", "and", "abandoned", "him", ".", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "shared", "similar", "political", "views", ",", "including", "support", "for", "a", "tariff", "to", "protect", "and", "encourage", "american", "industry", ",", "and", "in", "the" ]
830,620
the party's 1884 nominee, former maine senator james g. blaine, might enter the race, foraker expressed willingness to support blaine. this dealt a serious blow to sherman's candidacy by showing division in his home state, and the nomination went to former indiana senator benjamin harrison, who was ohio @ - @ born and who was elected. mckinley had received some delegate votes, and his action in refusing to consider a candidacy while pledged to support sherman impressed mark hanna. the industrialist was outraged at foraker and abandoned him. mckinley and hanna shared similar political views, including support for a tariff to protect and encourage american industry, and in the
555
[ "success", "at", "building", "an", "electoral", "coalition", "that", "kept", "the", "republicans", "mostly", "in", "power", "for", "a", "generation", ".", "phillips", "believes", "that", "part", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "legacy", "is", "the", "men", "he", "included", "in", "his", "administration", ",", "who", "dominated", "the", "republican", "party", "for", "a", "quarter", "century", "after", "his", "death", ".", "these", "officials", "included", "co", "##rte", "##ly", "##ou", ",", "who", "served", "in", "three", "cabinet", "positions", "under", "roosevelt", ",", "and", "da", "##wes", ",", "who", "became", "vice", "president", "under", "cool", "##idge", ".", "other", "mckinley", "appoint", "##ees", "who", "later", "became", "major", "figures", "include", "day", ",", "who", "roosevelt", "elevated", "to", "the", "supreme", "court", "where", "he", "remained", "nearly", "twenty", "years", ",", "and", "william", "howard", "taft", ",", "whom", "mckinley", "had", "made", "governor", "@", "-", "@", "general", "of", "the", "philippines", "and", "who", "succeeded", "roosevelt", "as", "president", ".", "a" ]
382,401
success at building an electoral coalition that kept the republicans mostly in power for a generation. phillips believes that part of mckinley's legacy is the men he included in his administration, who dominated the republican party for a quarter century after his death. these officials included cortelyou, who served in three cabinet positions under roosevelt, and dawes, who became vice president under coolidge. other mckinley appointees who later became major figures include day, who roosevelt elevated to the supreme court where he remained nearly twenty years, and william howard taft, whom mckinley had made governor @ - @ general of the philippines and who succeeded roosevelt as president. a
555
[ "mckinley", ",", "\"", "what", "a", "glorious", "record", "mark", "hanna", "has", "made", "this", "year", "!", "i", "never", "knew", "him", "intimately", "until", "we", "went", "into", "this", "fight", "together", ",", "but", "my", "esteem", "and", "admiration", "for", "him", "have", "grown", "every", "hour", ".", "\"", "hanna", "stated", "that", "he", "would", "accept", "no", "office", "in", "the", "mckinley", "administration", ",", "as", "he", "feared", "it", "would", "be", "seen", "as", "a", "reward", "for", "his", "political", "efforts", ".", "he", "had", "long", "wished", "to", "be", "a", "senator", ",", "speaking", "of", "this", "desire", "as", "early", "as", "1892", ".", "senator", "sherman", ",", "now", "aged", "almost", "74", ",", "faced", "a", "difficult", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "battle", "with", "the", "democrats", "and", "the", "for", "##aker", "faction", "in", "1898", ".", "on", "january", "4", ",", "1897", ",", "mckinley", "offered", "sherman", "the", "office", "of", "secretary", "of" ]
436,396
mckinley, " what a glorious record mark hanna has made this year! i never knew him intimately until we went into this fight together, but my esteem and admiration for him have grown every hour. " hanna stated that he would accept no office in the mckinley administration, as he feared it would be seen as a reward for his political efforts. he had long wished to be a senator, speaking of this desire as early as 1892. senator sherman, now aged almost 74, faced a difficult re @ - @ election battle with the democrats and the foraker faction in 1898. on january 4, 1897, mckinley offered sherman the office of secretary of
555
[ "prosperous", "farmers", ";", "this", "coalition", "would", "keep", "the", "republicans", "mostly", "in", "power", "until", "the", "1930s", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "woo", "##ing", "of", "the", "midwest", "would", "pay", "ample", "divide", "##nds", "in", "the", "years", "to", "come", ",", "as", "it", "remained", "solid", "##ly", "republican", "in", "most", "years", "until", "1932", ".", "williams", "suggested", "that", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", "of", "education", "of", "the", "voter", "through", "speakers", "and", "literature", "brought", "him", "victory", ",", "but", "with", "a", "cost", "to", "the", "close", "identification", "between", "voters", "and", "the", "political", "parties", "that", "was", "typical", "in", "the", "19th", "century", ".", "voter", "turnout", "was", "almost", "80", "percent", "in", "1896", ",", "about", "average", "for", "presidential", "elections", "in", "the", "late", "19th", "century", ",", "but", "then", "dropped", "substantially", "and", "remained", "at", "lower", "levels", "as", "voters", ",", "who", "once", "participated", "in", "rallies", "and", "torch" ]
830,684
prosperous farmers ; this coalition would keep the republicans mostly in power until the 1930s. mckinley's wooing of the midwest would pay ample dividends in the years to come, as it remained solidly republican in most years until 1932. williams suggested that mckinley's campaign of education of the voter through speakers and literature brought him victory, but with a cost to the close identification between voters and the political parties that was typical in the 19th century. voter turnout was almost 80 percent in 1896, about average for presidential elections in the late 19th century, but then dropped substantially and remained at lower levels as voters, who once participated in rallies and torch
555
[ "the", "new", "york", "governor", ".", "the", "ohio", "senator", "considered", "the", "new", "yorker", "overly", "imp", "##ulsive", ";", "his", "stance", "was", "undermine", "##d", "by", "the", "efforts", "of", "political", "boss", "and", "new", "york", "senator", "thomas", "platt", ",", "who", ",", "di", "##sl", "##iki", "##ng", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "reform", "agenda", ",", "sought", "to", "side", "##line", "the", "governor", "by", "making", "him", "vice", "president", ".", "when", "the", "republican", "convention", "began", "in", "philadelphia", "that", "june", ",", "no", "vice", "presidential", "candidate", "had", "overwhelming", "support", ",", "but", "roosevelt", "had", "the", "broad", "##est", "range", "of", "support", "from", "around", "the", "country", ".", "mckinley", "affirmed", "that", "the", "choice", "belonged", "to", "the", "convention", ",", "not", "to", "him", ".", "on", "june", "21", ",", "mckinley", "was", "unanimously", "reno", "##minated", "and", ",", "with", "hanna", "'", "s", "reluctant", "ac", "##qui", "##escence", ",", "roosevelt", "was", "nominated", "for" ]
382,382
the new york governor. the ohio senator considered the new yorker overly impulsive ; his stance was undermined by the efforts of political boss and new york senator thomas platt, who, disliking roosevelt's reform agenda, sought to sideline the governor by making him vice president. when the republican convention began in philadelphia that june, no vice presidential candidate had overwhelming support, but roosevelt had the broadest range of support from around the country. mckinley affirmed that the choice belonged to the convention, not to him. on june 21, mckinley was unanimously renominated and, with hanna's reluctant acquiescence, roosevelt was nominated for
555
[ "##yah", "##oga", "county", ",", "where", "mayor", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "was", "influential", ".", "the", "situation", "in", "cincinnati", "'", "s", "hamilton", "county", "(", "home", "to", "for", "##aker", ")", "was", "complicated", "by", "the", "fact", "that", "the", "republican", "legislators", "from", "there", "had", "run", "on", "a", "fusion", "ticket", "with", "the", "democrats", "in", "order", "to", "defeat", "the", "local", "republican", "bosses", ".", "these", "men", "were", "\"", "silver", "republicans", "\"", ",", "as", "was", "the", "independent", "republican", "elected", "from", "cincinnati", ",", "supporting", "\"", "free", "silver", "\"", "in", "opposition", "to", "mckinley", ",", "and", "had", "not", "pledged", "during", "the", "campaign", "to", "vote", "for", "hanna", "if", "elected", ".", "for", "##aker", "was", "not", "actively", "involved", "in", "the", "controversy", ",", "and", "in", "the", "sole", "interview", "he", "gave", ",", "said", "he", "was", "doing", "his", "best", "to", "keep", "out", "of", "it", ".", "nevertheless", "," ]
316,381
##yahoga county, where mayor mckisson was influential. the situation in cincinnati's hamilton county ( home to foraker ) was complicated by the fact that the republican legislators from there had run on a fusion ticket with the democrats in order to defeat the local republican bosses. these men were " silver republicans ", as was the independent republican elected from cincinnati, supporting " free silver " in opposition to mckinley, and had not pledged during the campaign to vote for hanna if elected. foraker was not actively involved in the controversy, and in the sole interview he gave, said he was doing his best to keep out of it. nevertheless,
555
[ "his", "train", "went", "people", ",", "who", "had", "travelled", "from", "nearby", "farms", "and", "villages", ",", "waved", "and", "shouted", "encouragement", ".", "their", "enthusiasm", "at", "the", "un", "##re", "##hear", "##sed", "rear", "platform", "appearances", "and", "in", "the", "formal", "speeches", "was", "spontaneous", "and", "con", "##tag", "##ious", ".", "the", "smell", "of", "victory", "seemed", "to", "hang", "in", "the", "air", ".", "perhaps", "a", "vote", "taken", "then", "would", "have", "given", "bryan", "the", "election", ".", "bryan", "'", "s", "plan", "for", "victory", "was", "to", "undertake", "a", "st", "##ren", "##uous", "train", "tour", ",", "bringing", "his", "message", "to", "the", "people", ".", "although", "hanna", "and", "other", "advisors", "urged", "mckinley", "to", "get", "on", "the", "road", ",", "the", "republican", "candidate", "declined", "to", "match", "bryan", "'", "s", "ga", "##mbit", ",", "deciding", "that", "not", "only", "was", "the", "democrat", "a", "better", "stump", "speaker", ",", "but", "that", "however" ]
263,869
his train went people, who had travelled from nearby farms and villages, waved and shouted encouragement. their enthusiasm at the unrehearsed rear platform appearances and in the formal speeches was spontaneous and contagious. the smell of victory seemed to hang in the air. perhaps a vote taken then would have given bryan the election. bryan's plan for victory was to undertake a strenuous train tour, bringing his message to the people. although hanna and other advisors urged mckinley to get on the road, the republican candidate declined to match bryan's gambit, deciding that not only was the democrat a better stump speaker, but that however
555
[ "a", "cleveland", "businessman", ".", "taking", "the", "case", "pro", "bono", ",", "he", "was", "successful", "in", "getting", "all", "but", "one", "of", "the", "miners", "acquitted", ".", "the", "case", "raised", "mckinley", "'", "s", "standing", "among", "laborers", ",", "a", "crucial", "part", "of", "the", "stark", "county", "electorate", ",", "and", "also", "introduced", "him", "to", "hanna", ",", "who", "would", "become", "his", "strongest", "back", "##er", "in", "years", "to", "come", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "good", "standing", "with", "labor", "became", "useful", "that", "year", "as", "he", "campaigned", "for", "the", "republican", "nomination", "for", "ohio", "'", "s", "17th", "congressional", "district", ".", "delegates", "to", "the", "county", "conventions", "thought", "he", "could", "attract", "blue", "@", "-", "@", "collar", "voters", ",", "and", "in", "august", "1876", ",", "mckinley", "was", "nominated", ".", "by", "that", "time", ",", "hayes", "had", "been", "nominated", "for", "president", ",", "and", "mckinley", "campaigned", "for", "him" ]
382,308
a cleveland businessman. taking the case pro bono, he was successful in getting all but one of the miners acquitted. the case raised mckinley's standing among laborers, a crucial part of the stark county electorate, and also introduced him to hanna, who would become his strongest backer in years to come. mckinley's good standing with labor became useful that year as he campaigned for the republican nomination for ohio's 17th congressional district. delegates to the county conventions thought he could attract blue @ - @ collar voters, and in august 1876, mckinley was nominated. by that time, hayes had been nominated for president, and mckinley campaigned for him
555
[ "the", "1896", "presidential", "campaign", ";", "hanna", "was", "depicted", "as", "a", "b", "##lo", "##ated", "pluto", "##crat", ",", "frequently", "tram", "##pling", "a", "skull", "marked", "\"", "labor", "\"", "and", "dominating", "a", "sh", "##run", "##ken", ",", "child", "##like", "mckinley", ".", "for", "##aker", "was", "not", "prominent", "in", "support", "of", "hanna", ";", "he", "did", "end", "##ors", "##e", "his", "junior", "colleague", "in", "mid", "@", "-", "@", "september", ",", "and", "made", "several", "speeches", "soon", "after", "the", "announcement", ",", "but", "thereafter", "maintained", "a", "public", "silence", "which", "would", "continue", "until", "after", "the", "vote", "for", "senator", "by", "the", "newly", "elected", "legislature", "in", "january", "1898", ".", "hanna", "made", "speeches", "across", "the", "state", ",", "much", "to", "the", "curiosity", "of", "ohio", "##ans", ",", "who", "had", "heard", "a", "great", "deal", "about", "him", "for", "his", "activities", "on", "behalf", "of", "mckinley", ",", "but", "who", "did" ]
316,373
the 1896 presidential campaign ; hanna was depicted as a bloated plutocrat, frequently trampling a skull marked " labor " and dominating a shrunken, childlike mckinley. foraker was not prominent in support of hanna ; he did endorse his junior colleague in mid @ - @ september, and made several speeches soon after the announcement, but thereafter maintained a public silence which would continue until after the vote for senator by the newly elected legislature in january 1898. hanna made speeches across the state, much to the curiosity of ohioans, who had heard a great deal about him for his activities on behalf of mckinley, but who did
555
[ "was", "of", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "faction", ")", "for", "governor", ";", "in", "return", ",", "the", "new", "senator", "@", "-", "@", "elect", "agreed", "to", "back", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidential", "ambitions", ".", "with", "party", "peace", "in", "ohio", "assured", ",", "mckinley", "turned", "to", "the", "national", "arena", ".", "=", "=", "election", "of", "1896", "=", "=", "=", "=", "=", "obtaining", "the", "nomination", "=", "=", "=", "it", "is", "unclear", "when", "william", "mckinley", "began", "to", "seriously", "prepare", "a", "run", "for", "president", ".", "as", "phillips", "notes", ",", "\"", "no", "documents", ",", "no", "diaries", ",", "no", "confidential", "letters", "to", "mark", "hanna", "(", "or", "anyone", "else", ")", "contain", "his", "secret", "hopes", "or", "veil", "##ed", "strata", "##ge", "##ms", ".", "\"", "from", "the", "beginning", ",", "mckinley", "'", "s", "preparations", "had", "the", "participation", "of", "hanna", ",", "whose", "biographer", "william", "t", "." ]
382,329
was of foraker's faction ) for governor ; in return, the new senator @ - @ elect agreed to back mckinley's presidential ambitions. with party peace in ohio assured, mckinley turned to the national arena. = = election of 1896 = = = = = obtaining the nomination = = = it is unclear when william mckinley began to seriously prepare a run for president. as phillips notes, " no documents, no diaries, no confidential letters to mark hanna ( or anyone else ) contain his secret hopes or veiled stratagems. " from the beginning, mckinley's preparations had the participation of hanna, whose biographer william t.
555
[ "state", "having", "supported", "morton", "for", "the", "nomination", ",", "putting", "a", "new", "yorker", "on", "the", "ticket", "would", "be", "an", "un", "##mer", "##ited", "reward", ".", "rn", "##c", "vice", "chairman", "ga", "##rret", "hobart", "was", "from", "paterson", ",", "new", "jersey", ",", "near", "to", "new", "york", "city", ".", "he", "was", "a", "businessman", ",", "lawyer", ",", "and", "former", "state", "legislator", ",", "and", "was", "acceptable", "to", "hanna", "and", "other", "republican", "back", "##ers", "while", "being", "popular", "among", "party", "activists", ".", "several", "days", "before", "the", "convention", ",", "mckinley", "chose", "him", "as", "running", "mate", ",", "though", "no", "announcement", "was", "made", ".", "at", "the", "convention", ",", "hobart", "expressed", "surprise", "in", "a", "letter", "to", "his", "wife", ",", "but", "his", "selection", "had", "been", "strongly", "rumored", "and", "buttons", "with", "his", "name", "and", "mckinley", "'", "s", "seen", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ".", "delegates" ]
830,647
state having supported morton for the nomination, putting a new yorker on the ticket would be an unmerited reward. rnc vice chairman garret hobart was from paterson, new jersey, near to new york city. he was a businessman, lawyer, and former state legislator, and was acceptable to hanna and other republican backers while being popular among party activists. several days before the convention, mckinley chose him as running mate, though no announcement was made. at the convention, hobart expressed surprise in a letter to his wife, but his selection had been strongly rumored and buttons with his name and mckinley's seen in st. louis. delegates
555
[ "presidency", ",", "with", "mckinley", "as", "his", "easily", "dominated", "agent", ".", "in", "the", "1896", "election", ",", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "monetary", "standard", "was", "a", "major", "issue", ",", "with", "mckinley", "advocating", "the", "gold", "standard", ",", "while", "bryan", "favored", "\"", "free", "silver", "\"", ",", "that", "is", ",", "to", "in", "##fl", "##ate", "the", "money", "supply", "by", "accepting", "all", "silver", "presented", "to", "the", "government", "and", "returning", "the", "bull", "##ion", "to", "the", "deposit", "##or", "in", "the", "form", "of", "coin", ",", "even", "though", "the", "silver", "in", "a", "dollar", "coin", "was", "worth", "only", "about", "half", "that", ".", "after", "the", "election", ",", "mckinley", "offered", "hanna", "the", "post", "of", "postmaster", "general", ",", "which", "he", "turned", "down", ",", "hoping", "to", "become", "a", "senator", "if", "sherman", "(", "whose", "term", "was", "to", "ex", "##pire", "in", "1899", ")", "was" ]
316,365
presidency, with mckinley as his easily dominated agent. in the 1896 election, the issue of the nation's monetary standard was a major issue, with mckinley advocating the gold standard, while bryan favored " free silver ", that is, to inflate the money supply by accepting all silver presented to the government and returning the bullion to the depositor in the form of coin, even though the silver in a dollar coin was worth only about half that. after the election, mckinley offered hanna the post of postmaster general, which he turned down, hoping to become a senator if sherman ( whose term was to expire in 1899 ) was
555
[ "former", "president", "harrison", "had", "been", "deemed", "a", "possible", "contender", "if", "he", "entered", "the", "race", ";", "when", "harrison", "made", "it", "known", "he", "would", "not", "seek", "a", "third", "nomination", ",", "the", "mckinley", "organization", "took", "control", "of", "indiana", "with", "a", "speed", "harrison", "privately", "found", "un", "##see", "##ml", "##y", ".", "morton", "operatives", "who", "journey", "##ed", "to", "indiana", "sent", "word", "back", "that", "they", "had", "found", "the", "state", "alive", "for", "mckinley", ".", "wyoming", "senator", "francis", "warren", "wrote", ",", "\"", "the", "politicians", "are", "making", "a", "hard", "fight", "against", "him", ",", "but", "if", "the", "masses", "could", "speak", ",", "mckinley", "is", "the", "choice", "of", "at", "least", "75", "%", "of", "the", "entire", "[", "body", "of", "]", "republican", "voters", "in", "the", "union", "\"", ".", "by", "the", "time", "the", "national", "convention", "began", "in", "st", ".", "louis", "on", "june", "16", "," ]
382,334
former president harrison had been deemed a possible contender if he entered the race ; when harrison made it known he would not seek a third nomination, the mckinley organization took control of indiana with a speed harrison privately found unseemly. morton operatives who journeyed to indiana sent word back that they had found the state alive for mckinley. wyoming senator francis warren wrote, " the politicians are making a hard fight against him, but if the masses could speak, mckinley is the choice of at least 75 % of the entire [ body of ] republican voters in the union ". by the time the national convention began in st. louis on june 16,
555
[ "some", "concessions", "to", "the", "rebels", ",", "but", "when", "american", "consul", "fitz", "##hu", "##gh", "lee", "reported", "riots", "in", "havana", ",", "mckinley", "agreed", "to", "send", "the", "battleship", "uss", "maine", "there", "to", "protect", "american", "lives", "and", "property", ".", "on", "february", "15", ",", "the", "maine", "exploded", "and", "sank", "with", "266", "men", "killed", ".", "war", "fever", "ran", "high", ",", "and", "by", "april", ",", "mckinley", "reported", "to", "congress", "that", "efforts", "at", "diplomatic", "resolution", "had", "failed", ";", "a", "week", "later", ",", "congress", "declared", "war", ".", "by", "this", "time", ",", "mckinley", "had", "begun", "to", "rely", "on", "assistant", "secretary", "of", "state", "william", "r", ".", "day", "for", "day", "@", "-", "@", "to", "@", "-", "@", "day", "management", "of", "the", "state", "department", ",", "and", "was", "even", "inviting", "him", "to", "cabinet", "meetings", ",", "as", "sherman", "had", "stopped", "attending", "them", "." ]
762,744
some concessions to the rebels, but when american consul fitzhugh lee reported riots in havana, mckinley agreed to send the battleship uss maine there to protect american lives and property. on february 15, the maine exploded and sank with 266 men killed. war fever ran high, and by april, mckinley reported to congress that efforts at diplomatic resolution had failed ; a week later, congress declared war. by this time, mckinley had begun to rely on assistant secretary of state william r. day for day @ - @ to @ - @ day management of the state department, and was even inviting him to cabinet meetings, as sherman had stopped attending them.
555
[ "around", "the", "country", "while", "mckinley", "stayed", "at", "home", ",", "this", "time", "making", "only", "one", "speech", ",", "to", "accept", "his", "nomination", ".", "roosevelt", "emerged", "as", "the", "campaign", "'", "s", "primary", "speaker", "and", "hanna", "helped", "the", "cause", "working", "to", "settle", "a", "coal", "miners", "strike", "in", "pennsylvania", ".", "bryan", "'", "s", "campaigning", "failed", "to", "ex", "##cite", "the", "voters", "as", "it", "had", "in", "1896", ",", "and", "mckinley", "never", "doubted", "that", "he", "would", "be", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", ".", "on", "november", "6", ",", "1900", ",", "he", "was", "proven", "correct", ",", "winning", "the", "largest", "victory", "for", "any", "republican", "since", "1872", ".", "bryan", "carried", "only", "four", "states", "outside", "the", "solid", "south", ",", "and", "mckinley", "even", "won", "bryan", "'", "s", "home", "state", "of", "nebraska", ".", "soon", "after", "his", "second", "inauguration", "on", "march", "4", ",", "1901" ]
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around the country while mckinley stayed at home, this time making only one speech, to accept his nomination. roosevelt emerged as the campaign's primary speaker and hanna helped the cause working to settle a coal miners strike in pennsylvania. bryan's campaigning failed to excite the voters as it had in 1896, and mckinley never doubted that he would be re @ - @ elected. on november 6, 1900, he was proven correct, winning the largest victory for any republican since 1872. bryan carried only four states outside the solid south, and mckinley even won bryan's home state of nebraska. soon after his second inauguration on march 4, 1901
555
[ "his", "cincinnati", "residence", "might", "win", "back", "some", "votes", ".", "others", "agreed", ";", "the", "local", "united", "states", "attorney", "wrote", "to", "senator", "sherman", "that", "the", "republicans", "should", "nominate", "\"", "for", "##aker", "or", "some", "other", "uno", "##b", "##ject", "##ion", "##able", "man", "\"", ".", "foster", "accordingly", "wrote", "to", "for", "##aker", ",", "offering", "him", "the", "chance", "at", "\"", "honorable", "distinction", "and", "useful", "service", ".", "\"", "for", "##aker", "came", "to", "columbus", "just", "before", "the", "1883", "state", "convention", ",", "and", "sounded", "out", "state", "republican", "leaders", "such", "as", "sherman", "and", "congressman", "william", "mckinley", ".", "when", "for", "##aker", "found", "them", "willing", "to", "support", "him", ",", "he", "allowed", "his", "name", "to", "be", "placed", "in", "nomination", ",", "and", "once", "it", "was", "clear", "that", "sherman", "would", "not", "run", ",", "the", "convention", "nominated", "for", "##aker", "by", "acc", "##lam", "##ation", ".", "the" ]
528,347
his cincinnati residence might win back some votes. others agreed ; the local united states attorney wrote to senator sherman that the republicans should nominate " foraker or some other unobjectionable man ". foster accordingly wrote to foraker, offering him the chance at " honorable distinction and useful service. " foraker came to columbus just before the 1883 state convention, and sounded out state republican leaders such as sherman and congressman william mckinley. when foraker found them willing to support him, he allowed his name to be placed in nomination, and once it was clear that sherman would not run, the convention nominated foraker by acclamation. the
555
[ "to", "hanna", "biographer", "cr", "##ol", "##y", ",", "\"", "mr", ".", "hanna", "merely", "system", "##ati", "##zed", "and", "developed", "a", "practice", "which", "was", "rooted", "deep", "in", "contemporary", "american", "political", "soil", ",", "and", "which", "was", "sanctioned", "both", "by", "custom", "and", ",", "as", "he", "believed", ",", "by", "necessity", ".", "\"", "the", "largest", "election", "fundraising", "before", "that", "time", "had", "occurred", "in", "the", "1888", "presidential", "race", ",", "which", "was", "a", "polar", "##izing", "election", ",", "closely", "fought", "over", "the", "tariff", "issue", ".", "in", "the", "1888", "campaign", ",", "senator", "quay", "(", "on", "behalf", "of", "harrison", ")", "had", "sought", "funds", "from", "businessmen", "much", "as", "hanna", "would", "eight", "years", "later", ".", "the", "first", "harrison", "campaign", "raised", "about", "$", "1", "@", ".", "@", "8", "million", ";", "da", "##wes", ",", "in", "charge", "of", "campaign", "spending", "for", "the", "republicans", "in", "1896" ]
436,390
to hanna biographer croly, " mr. hanna merely systematized and developed a practice which was rooted deep in contemporary american political soil, and which was sanctioned both by custom and, as he believed, by necessity. " the largest election fundraising before that time had occurred in the 1888 presidential race, which was a polarizing election, closely fought over the tariff issue. in the 1888 campaign, senator quay ( on behalf of harrison ) had sought funds from businessmen much as hanna would eight years later. the first harrison campaign raised about $ 1 @. @ 8 million ; dawes, in charge of campaign spending for the republicans in 1896
555
[ "delegates", "would", "support", ".", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "decided", "on", "a", "systematic", "nationwide", "effort", "to", "gain", "the", "nomination", ",", "what", "one", "##time", "presidential", "adviser", "karl", "ro", "##ve", ",", "who", "penned", "a", "book", "on", "the", "1896", "race", ",", "called", "\"", "the", "first", "modern", "primary", "campaign", "\"", ".", "to", "devote", "himself", "full", "@", "-", "@", "time", "to", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidential", "campaign", ",", "hanna", "in", "1895", "turned", "over", "management", "of", "his", "companies", "to", "his", "brother", "leonard", ",", "and", "rented", "a", "house", "in", "thomas", "##ville", ",", "georgia", ",", "expressing", "a", "dislike", "for", "cleveland", "'", "s", "winters", ".", "he", "was", "joined", "there", "by", "william", "and", "ida", "mckinley", "in", "early", "1895", ".", "the", "location", "was", "a", "pl", "##aus", "##ibly", "non", "##pol", "##itical", "vacation", "spot", "for", "mckinley", ",", "and", "also", "permitted", "him", "to", "meet", "many" ]
830,632
delegates would support. mckinley and hanna decided on a systematic nationwide effort to gain the nomination, what onetime presidential adviser karl rove, who penned a book on the 1896 race, called " the first modern primary campaign ". to devote himself full @ - @ time to mckinley's presidential campaign, hanna in 1895 turned over management of his companies to his brother leonard, and rented a house in thomasville, georgia, expressing a dislike for cleveland's winters. he was joined there by william and ida mckinley in early 1895. the location was a plausibly nonpolitical vacation spot for mckinley, and also permitted him to meet many
555
[ "of", "new", "jersey", "for", "vice", "president", ",", "a", "choice", "actually", "made", ",", "by", "most", "accounts", ",", "by", "hanna", ".", "hobart", ",", "a", "wealthy", "lawyer", ",", "businessman", ",", "and", "former", "state", "legislator", ",", "was", "not", "widely", "known", ",", "but", "as", "hanna", "biographer", "herbert", "cr", "##ol", "##y", "pointed", "out", ",", "\"", "if", "he", "did", "little", "to", "strengthen", "the", "ticket", "he", "did", "nothing", "to", "weaken", "it", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "=", "general", "election", "campaign", "=", "=", "=", "before", "the", "republican", "convention", ",", "mckinley", "had", "been", "a", "\"", "st", "##rad", "##dle", "bug", "\"", "on", "the", "currency", "question", ",", "favor", "##ing", "moderate", "positions", "on", "silver", "such", "as", "accomplish", "##ing", "bi", "##met", "##all", "##ism", "by", "international", "agreement", ".", "in", "the", "final", "days", "before", "the", "convention", ",", "mckinley", "decided", ",", "after", "hearing", "from", "politicians", "and" ]
382,336
of new jersey for vice president, a choice actually made, by most accounts, by hanna. hobart, a wealthy lawyer, businessman, and former state legislator, was not widely known, but as hanna biographer herbert croly pointed out, " if he did little to strengthen the ticket he did nothing to weaken it ". = = = general election campaign = = = before the republican convention, mckinley had been a " straddle bug " on the currency question, favoring moderate positions on silver such as accomplishing bimetallism by international agreement. in the final days before the convention, mckinley decided, after hearing from politicians and
555
[ "@", ",", "@", "000", "km", ")", "in", "the", "campaign", ",", "reaching", "24", "of", "the", "45", "states", ".", "hanna", "was", "now", "a", "public", "figure", ",", "and", "wanted", "to", "campaign", "for", "the", "republicans", "in", "the", "western", "states", ".", "mckinley", ",", "however", ",", "was", "reluctant", ",", "as", "hanna", "had", "varied", "from", "the", "administration", "'", "s", "position", "on", "trusts", "in", "a", "recent", "speech", ".", "mckinley", "sent", "postmaster", "general", "charles", "emory", "smith", "to", "chicago", ",", "where", "hanna", "then", "was", ",", "to", "talk", "him", "out", "of", "the", "trip", ".", "hanna", "rapidly", "disc", "##ern", "##ed", "that", "smith", "had", "been", "sent", "by", "the", "president", ",", "and", "told", "him", ",", "\"", "return", "to", "washington", "and", "tell", "the", "president", "that", "god", "hates", "a", "coward", ".", "\"", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "met", "in", "canton", "several", "days", "later", "and", "settled", "their" ]
436,423
@, @ 000 km ) in the campaign, reaching 24 of the 45 states. hanna was now a public figure, and wanted to campaign for the republicans in the western states. mckinley, however, was reluctant, as hanna had varied from the administration's position on trusts in a recent speech. mckinley sent postmaster general charles emory smith to chicago, where hanna then was, to talk him out of the trip. hanna rapidly discerned that smith had been sent by the president, and told him, " return to washington and tell the president that god hates a coward. " mckinley and hanna met in canton several days later and settled their
555
[ "this", "may", "have", "helped", "form", "his", "political", "views", ".", "mckinley", "introduced", "and", "supported", "bills", "that", "raised", "protective", "tariffs", ",", "and", "opposed", "those", "that", "lowered", "them", "or", "imposed", "tariffs", "simply", "to", "raise", "revenue", ".", "garfield", "'", "s", "election", "as", "president", "in", "1880", "created", "a", "vacancy", "on", "the", "house", "ways", "and", "means", "committee", ";", "mckinley", "was", "selected", "to", "fill", "it", ",", "placing", "him", "on", "the", "most", "powerful", "committee", "after", "only", "two", "terms", ".", "mckinley", "increasingly", "became", "a", "significant", "figure", "in", "national", "politics", ".", "in", "1880", ",", "he", "served", "a", "brief", "term", "as", "ohio", "'", "s", "representative", "on", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", ".", "in", "1884", ",", "he", "was", "elected", "a", "delegate", "to", "that", "year", "'", "s", "republican", "convention", ",", "where", "he", "served", "as", "chair", "of", "the", "committee", "on", "resolutions", "and", "won" ]
382,314
this may have helped form his political views. mckinley introduced and supported bills that raised protective tariffs, and opposed those that lowered them or imposed tariffs simply to raise revenue. garfield's election as president in 1880 created a vacancy on the house ways and means committee ; mckinley was selected to fill it, placing him on the most powerful committee after only two terms. mckinley increasingly became a significant figure in national politics. in 1880, he served a brief term as ohio's representative on the republican national committee. in 1884, he was elected a delegate to that year's republican convention, where he served as chair of the committee on resolutions and won
555
[ "be", "nominated", ".", "\"", "mckinley", "'", "s", "most", "formidable", "rival", "for", "the", "nomination", "was", "former", "president", "harrison", ",", "but", "in", "february", "1896", ",", "harrison", "declared", "he", "would", "not", "run", "for", "president", "a", "third", "time", ".", "the", "eastern", "bosses", "were", "hostile", "to", "mckinley", "for", "failing", "to", "agree", "to", "the", "offer", "they", "had", "made", "to", "hanna", ",", "and", "they", "decided", "to", "seek", "support", "for", "local", "favorite", "son", "candidates", ",", "believing", "that", "mckinley", "could", "be", "forced", "to", "bargain", "for", "support", "at", "the", "convention", "if", "he", "was", "denied", "a", "majority", ".", "the", "bosses", "supported", "candidates", "such", "as", "speaker", "reed", ",", "senator", "quay", "and", "former", "vice", "president", "levi", "p", ".", "morton", "of", "new", "york", ".", "hanna", "spent", "much", "money", "and", "effort", "to", "under", "##cut", "reed", "in", "his", "native", "new", "england", ",", "and", "on" ]
436,371
be nominated. " mckinley's most formidable rival for the nomination was former president harrison, but in february 1896, harrison declared he would not run for president a third time. the eastern bosses were hostile to mckinley for failing to agree to the offer they had made to hanna, and they decided to seek support for local favorite son candidates, believing that mckinley could be forced to bargain for support at the convention if he was denied a majority. the bosses supported candidates such as speaker reed, senator quay and former vice president levi p. morton of new york. hanna spent much money and effort to undercut reed in his native new england, and on
555
[ ";", "however", ",", "he", "received", "a", "number", "of", "letters", "offering", "him", "support", "in", "a", "gubernatorial", "race", "in", "1885", ".", "the", "1884", "republican", "state", "convention", "elected", "for", "##aker", "a", "delegate", "@", "-", "@", "at", "@", "-", "@", "large", "to", "the", "national", "convention", "along", "with", "congressman", "mckinley", "and", "cleveland", "industrialist", "mark", "hanna", ".", "sherman", "'", "s", "political", "managers", "asked", "for", "##aker", "to", "play", "an", "active", "role", "in", "sherman", "'", "s", "presidential", "campaign", ",", "and", "to", "place", "his", "name", "in", "nomination", "at", "the", "convention", ",", "which", "he", "did", ",", "though", "walters", "describes", "his", "speech", "as", "\"", "weak", "and", "un", "##im", "##pressive", "\"", "by", "comparison", "with", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "later", "efforts", ".", "other", "candidates", "for", "the", "presidential", "nomination", "included", "president", "chester", "a", ".", "arthur", "(", "who", "had", "succeeded", "the", "assassinated", "james" ]
528,350
; however, he received a number of letters offering him support in a gubernatorial race in 1885. the 1884 republican state convention elected foraker a delegate @ - @ at @ - @ large to the national convention along with congressman mckinley and cleveland industrialist mark hanna. sherman's political managers asked foraker to play an active role in sherman's presidential campaign, and to place his name in nomination at the convention, which he did, though walters describes his speech as " weak and unimpressive " by comparison with foraker's later efforts. other candidates for the presidential nomination included president chester a. arthur ( who had succeeded the assassinated james
555
[ "of", "union", "county", "was", "under", "constant", "guard", "at", "the", "great", "southern", "hotel", ",", "but", "was", "considering", "switching", "to", "hanna", "'", "s", "side", ".", "hanna", "operatives", "aided", "his", "escape", ",", "and", "he", "was", "kept", "with", "his", "wife", "at", "hanna", "headquarters", "at", "the", "neil", "house", "until", "the", "vote", ".", "however", ",", "war", "##ken", "related", "that", "griffith", "\"", "seemed", "to", "align", "himself", "with", "the", "group", "that", "talked", "to", "him", "last", "\"", ",", "repeatedly", "changing", "his", "position", "and", "eventually", "supporting", "hanna", ".", "hanna", "supporters", "sought", "to", "persuade", "other", "coalition", "republicans", "to", "return", "to", "the", "fold", "β€”", "by", "one", "account", ",", "a", "cleveland", "republican", "tear", "##fully", "refused", ",", "stating", "that", "if", "he", "voted", "for", "hanna", ",", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "would", "cut", "him", "off", "as", "a", "supplier", "of", "brick", "pa", "##vers", "to", "the", "city" ]
316,386
of union county was under constant guard at the great southern hotel, but was considering switching to hanna's side. hanna operatives aided his escape, and he was kept with his wife at hanna headquarters at the neil house until the vote. however, warken related that griffith " seemed to align himself with the group that talked to him last ", repeatedly changing his position and eventually supporting hanna. hanna supporters sought to persuade other coalition republicans to return to the fold β€” by one account, a cleveland republican tearfully refused, stating that if he voted for hanna, mckisson would cut him off as a supplier of brick pavers to the city
555
[ "triumphant", "in", "the", "1896", "presidential", "election", ",", "became", "one", "of", "the", "reasons", "for", "the", "vital", "importance", "of", "that", "election", ".", "through", "the", "months", "leading", "up", "to", "the", "republican", "convention", "in", "june", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ",", "hanna", "built", "his", "organization", ",", "paying", "for", "expenses", ",", "and", "applying", "the", "techniques", "of", "business", "to", "politics", ".", "hanna", "met", "with", "many", "politicians", "at", "his", "cleveland", "home", ".", "he", "paid", "for", "thousands", "of", "copies", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "speeches", "to", "be", "printed", ",", "and", "shipped", "quantities", "of", "mckinley", "posters", ",", "badges", ",", "and", "buttons", "across", "the", "nation", ".", "new", "hampshire", "senator", "william", "e", ".", "chandler", "commented", ",", "\"", "if", "mr", ".", "hanna", "has", "covered", "every", "district", "in", "the", "united", "states", "in", "the", "same", "manner", "he", "did", "those", "in", "alabama", ",", "mckinley", "will" ]
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triumphant in the 1896 presidential election, became one of the reasons for the vital importance of that election. through the months leading up to the republican convention in june in st. louis, hanna built his organization, paying for expenses, and applying the techniques of business to politics. hanna met with many politicians at his cleveland home. he paid for thousands of copies of mckinley's speeches to be printed, and shipped quantities of mckinley posters, badges, and buttons across the nation. new hampshire senator william e. chandler commented, " if mr. hanna has covered every district in the united states in the same manner he did those in alabama, mckinley will
555
[ "other", "prominent", "candidates", ",", "including", "allison", "and", "cornelius", "n", ".", "bliss", ",", "but", "none", "were", "as", "popular", "as", "the", "republican", "party", "'", "s", "rising", "star", ",", "theodore", "roosevelt", ".", "after", "a", "stint", "as", "assistant", "secretary", "of", "the", "navy", ",", "roosevelt", "had", "resigned", "and", "raised", "a", "cavalry", "regiment", ";", "they", "fought", "brave", "##ly", "in", "cuba", ",", "and", "roosevelt", "returned", "home", "covered", "in", "glory", ".", "elected", "governor", "of", "new", "york", "on", "a", "reform", "platform", "in", "1898", ",", "roosevelt", "had", "his", "eye", "on", "the", "presidency", ".", "many", "supporters", "recommended", "him", "to", "mckinley", "for", "the", "second", "spot", "on", "the", "ticket", ",", "and", "roosevelt", "believed", "it", "would", "be", "an", "excellent", "stepping", "stone", "to", "the", "presidency", "in", "1904", ".", "mckinley", "remained", "un", "##com", "##mit", "##ted", "in", "public", ",", "but", "hanna", "was", "firmly", "opposed", "to" ]
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other prominent candidates, including allison and cornelius n. bliss, but none were as popular as the republican party's rising star, theodore roosevelt. after a stint as assistant secretary of the navy, roosevelt had resigned and raised a cavalry regiment ; they fought bravely in cuba, and roosevelt returned home covered in glory. elected governor of new york on a reform platform in 1898, roosevelt had his eye on the presidency. many supporters recommended him to mckinley for the second spot on the ticket, and roosevelt believed it would be an excellent stepping stone to the presidency in 1904. mckinley remained uncommitted in public, but hanna was firmly opposed to
555
[ "ass", "##uring", "his", "election", "by", "the", "legislature", ".", "hanna", "hired", "detectives", "to", "find", "legislators", "who", "had", "gone", "into", "hiding", "and", "were", "believed", "to", "be", "for", "##aker", "supporters", ",", "and", "saw", "to", "it", "they", "supported", "sherman", ".", "stern", "notes", "that", "the", "defeat", "of", "for", "##aker", "\"", "was", "as", "##cr", "##iba", "##ble", "largely", "to", "the", "efforts", "of", "hanna", "\"", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "victory", "in", "what", "was", "generally", "a", "bad", "year", "for", "republicans", "made", "him", "a", "possible", "presidential", "contender", ",", "and", "hanna", "'", "s", "involvement", "in", "the", "mckinley", "and", "sherman", "victories", "established", "him", "as", "a", "force", "in", "politics", ".", "president", "harrison", "attempted", "to", "neutral", "##ize", "hanna", ",", "who", "was", "ill", "@", "-", "@", "disposed", "to", "the", "president", "and", "likely", "to", "oppose", "his", "reno", "##mina", "##tion", ",", "by", "offering", "to", "make" ]
436,360
assuring his election by the legislature. hanna hired detectives to find legislators who had gone into hiding and were believed to be foraker supporters, and saw to it they supported sherman. stern notes that the defeat of foraker " was ascribable largely to the efforts of hanna ". mckinley's victory in what was generally a bad year for republicans made him a possible presidential contender, and hanna's involvement in the mckinley and sherman victories established him as a force in politics. president harrison attempted to neutralize hanna, who was ill @ - @ disposed to the president and likely to oppose his renomination, by offering to make
555
[ "@", "day", "incarnation", "of", "hanna", ",", "who", "was", "almost", "invariably", "presented", "negatively", "and", "at", "variance", "with", "historical", "fact", ".", "for", "example", ",", "writer", "jack", "kelly", "in", "a", "2000", "column", "incorrectly", "stated", "that", "mckinley", "'", "s", "front", "porch", "campaign", "was", "at", "the", "direction", "of", "hanna", "to", "ensure", "the", "candidate", "did", "not", "vary", "from", "campaign", "themes", ",", "rather", "than", "mckinley", "deciding", "that", "it", "was", "his", "best", "response", "to", "bryan", "'", "s", "national", "tour", ".", "these", "comparisons", "were", "fueled", "by", "ro", "##ve", "'", "s", "interest", "in", ",", "and", "by", "some", "reports", ",", "liking", "for", "hanna", ".", "ro", "##ve", "studied", "the", "mckinley", "administration", "at", "the", "university", "of", "texas", "under", "mckinley", "biographer", "lewis", "l", ".", "gould", ",", "and", "believes", "that", "hanna", "'", "s", "influence", "has", "been", "over", "##rated", ".", "according", "to", "horne", "##r" ]
436,448
@ day incarnation of hanna, who was almost invariably presented negatively and at variance with historical fact. for example, writer jack kelly in a 2000 column incorrectly stated that mckinley's front porch campaign was at the direction of hanna to ensure the candidate did not vary from campaign themes, rather than mckinley deciding that it was his best response to bryan's national tour. these comparisons were fueled by rove's interest in, and by some reports, liking for hanna. rove studied the mckinley administration at the university of texas under mckinley biographer lewis l. gould, and believes that hanna's influence has been overrated. according to horner
555
[ "goods", ".", "=", "=", "=", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "##ing", "and", "defeat", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "=", "=", "=", "recognizing", "mckinley", "'", "s", "potential", ",", "the", "democrats", ",", "whenever", "they", "controlled", "the", "ohio", "legislature", ",", "sought", "to", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "or", "red", "##ist", "##ric", "##t", "him", "out", "of", "office", ".", "in", "1878", ",", "mckinley", "faced", "election", "in", "a", "red", "##ra", "##wn", "17th", "district", ";", "he", "won", "anyway", ",", "causing", "hayes", "to", "ex", "##ult", ",", "\"", "oh", ",", "the", "good", "luck", "of", "mckinley", "!", "he", "was", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "##ed", "out", "and", "then", "beat", "the", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "!", "we", "enjoyed", "it", "as", "much", "as", "he", "did", ".", "\"", "after", "the", "1882", "election", ",", "mckinley", "was", "un", "##sea", "##ted", "on", "an", "election", "contest", "by", "a", "near", "party", "@" ]
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goods. = = = gerrymandering and defeat for re @ - @ election = = = recognizing mckinley's potential, the democrats, whenever they controlled the ohio legislature, sought to gerrymander or redistrict him out of office. in 1878, mckinley faced election in a redrawn 17th district ; he won anyway, causing hayes to exult, " oh, the good luck of mckinley! he was gerrymandered out and then beat the gerrymander! we enjoyed it as much as he did. " after the 1882 election, mckinley was unseated on an election contest by a near party @
555
[ "of", "people", "who", "came", "to", "see", "him", "and", "hear", "him", "address", "them", ".", "this", "contrasted", "with", "bryan", ",", "who", "toured", "the", "nation", "by", "rail", "in", "his", "campaign", ".", "supported", "by", "the", "well", "@", "-", "@", "to", "@", "-", "@", "do", ",", "urban", "dwellers", ",", "and", "prosperous", "farmers", ",", "mckinley", "won", "a", "majority", "of", "the", "popular", "vote", "and", "an", "easy", "victory", "in", "the", "electoral", "college", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "system", "##ized", "approach", "to", "gaining", "the", "presidency", "laid", "the", "ground", "##work", "for", "modern", "campaigns", ",", "and", "he", "forged", "an", "electoral", "coalition", "that", "would", "keep", "the", "republicans", "in", "power", "most", "of", "the", "time", "until", "1932", ".", "=", "=", "background", "=", "=", "william", "mckinley", "was", "born", "in", "nile", "##s", ",", "ohio", ",", "in", "1843", ".", "he", "left", "college", "to", "work", "as", "a" ]
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of people who came to see him and hear him address them. this contrasted with bryan, who toured the nation by rail in his campaign. supported by the well @ - @ to @ - @ do, urban dwellers, and prosperous farmers, mckinley won a majority of the popular vote and an easy victory in the electoral college. mckinley's systemized approach to gaining the presidency laid the groundwork for modern campaigns, and he forged an electoral coalition that would keep the republicans in power most of the time until 1932. = = background = = william mckinley was born in niles, ohio, in 1843. he left college to work as a
555
[ "his", "talent", "for", "drawing", "and", "interest", "in", "arabian", "horses", "dove", "##tail", "##ed", "in", "1893", "at", "the", "chicago", "daily", "herald", "when", "he", "studied", "and", "drew", "the", "arabian", "horses", "exhibited", "at", "the", "world", "'", "s", "columbian", "exposition", ".", "when", "hearst", "obtained", "the", "new", "york", "morning", "journal", "in", "1895", ",", "money", "was", "no", "object", "in", "his", "attempt", "to", "establish", "the", "journal", "as", "a", "leading", "new", "york", "newspaper", ",", "and", "hearst", "moved", "davenport", "east", "in", "1885", "to", "be", "part", "of", "what", "is", "regarded", "as", "one", "of", "the", "greatest", "newspaper", "staff", "##s", "ever", "assembled", ".", "working", "with", "columnist", "alfred", "henry", "lewis", ",", "davenport", "created", "many", "cartoons", "in", "opposition", "to", "the", "1896", "republican", "presidential", "candidate", ",", "former", "ohio", "governor", "william", "mckinley", ",", "and", "hanna", ",", "his", "campaign", "manager", ".", "mckinley", "was", "elected", "and", "hanna" ]
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his talent for drawing and interest in arabian horses dovetailed in 1893 at the chicago daily herald when he studied and drew the arabian horses exhibited at the world's columbian exposition. when hearst obtained the new york morning journal in 1895, money was no object in his attempt to establish the journal as a leading new york newspaper, and hearst moved davenport east in 1885 to be part of what is regarded as one of the greatest newspaper staffs ever assembled. working with columnist alfred henry lewis, davenport created many cartoons in opposition to the 1896 republican presidential candidate, former ohio governor william mckinley, and hanna, his campaign manager. mckinley was elected and hanna
555
[ "was", "denver", ",", "colorado", ".", "the", "1896", "presidential", "election", "is", "often", "seen", "as", "a", "real", "##ign", "##ing", "election", ",", "in", "which", "mckinley", "'", "s", "view", "of", "a", "stronger", "central", "government", "building", "american", "industry", "through", "protective", "tariffs", "and", "a", "dollar", "based", "on", "gold", "triumph", "##ed", ".", "the", "voting", "patterns", "established", "then", "displaced", "the", "near", "@", "-", "@", "dead", "##lock", "the", "major", "parties", "had", "seen", "since", "the", "civil", "war", ";", "the", "republican", "dominance", "begun", "then", "would", "continue", "until", "1932", ",", "another", "real", "##ign", "##ing", "election", "with", "the", "ascent", "of", "franklin", "roosevelt", ".", "phillips", "argues", "that", ",", "with", "the", "possible", "exception", "of", "iowa", "senator", "allison", ",", "mckinley", "was", "the", "only", "republican", "who", "could", "have", "defeated", "bryan", "β€”", "he", "theo", "##rized", "that", "eastern", "candidates", "such", "as", "morton", "or", "reed", "would", "have", "done" ]
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was denver, colorado. the 1896 presidential election is often seen as a realigning election, in which mckinley's view of a stronger central government building american industry through protective tariffs and a dollar based on gold triumphed. the voting patterns established then displaced the near @ - @ deadlock the major parties had seen since the civil war ; the republican dominance begun then would continue until 1932, another realigning election with the ascent of franklin roosevelt. phillips argues that, with the possible exception of iowa senator allison, mckinley was the only republican who could have defeated bryan β€” he theorized that eastern candidates such as morton or reed would have done
555
[ "faction", "had", "failed", "to", "gain", "the", "nomination", "for", "him", ".", "however", ",", "later", "biographer", "horne", "##r", "believes", "the", "tale", "dubious", ",", "suggesting", "that", "grant", "made", "the", "decision", "una", "##ided", "by", "hanna", ".", "garfield", "favored", "civil", "service", "reform", ",", "a", "position", "disliked", "by", "hanna", ",", "who", "felt", "that", "public", "jobs", "should", "be", "used", "to", "reward", "campaign", "workers", ".", "nevertheless", ",", "he", "strongly", "supported", "garfield", "as", "a", "fellow", "ohio", "##an", ",", "and", "the", "republican", "candidate", "defeated", "his", "fellow", "civil", "war", "general", "winfield", "hancock", "by", "a", "narrow", "margin", "in", "the", "november", "election", ".", "hanna", "did", "much", "fundraising", "work", ",", "roaming", "the", "state", "to", "persuade", "business", "owners", "to", "contribute", "to", "the", "garfield", "campaign", ".", "hanna", "sought", "no", "position", "in", "the", "garfield", "administration", ",", "although", "horne", "##r", "states", "that", "his", "services", "to", "the" ]
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faction had failed to gain the nomination for him. however, later biographer horner believes the tale dubious, suggesting that grant made the decision unaided by hanna. garfield favored civil service reform, a position disliked by hanna, who felt that public jobs should be used to reward campaign workers. nevertheless, he strongly supported garfield as a fellow ohioan, and the republican candidate defeated his fellow civil war general winfield hancock by a narrow margin in the november election. hanna did much fundraising work, roaming the state to persuade business owners to contribute to the garfield campaign. hanna sought no position in the garfield administration, although horner states that his services to the
555
[ "candidate", "(", "behind", "peter", "cooper", "of", "the", "green", "##back", "party", ";", "bryan", "was", "the", "youngest", ")", ".", "the", "gold", "democrats", "received", "quiet", "financial", "support", "from", "hanna", "and", "the", "republicans", ".", "palmer", "proved", "an", "able", "campaign", "##er", "who", "visited", "most", "major", "cities", "in", "the", "east", ",", "and", "in", "the", "final", "week", "of", "his", "campaign", ",", "told", "listeners", ",", "\"", "i", "will", "not", "count", "it", "any", "great", "fault", "if", "next", "tuesday", "you", "decide", "to", "cast", "your", "ballots", "for", "william", "mckinley", ".", "\"", "the", "south", "and", "most", "of", "the", "west", "were", "deemed", "certain", "to", "vote", "for", "bryan", ".", "when", "early", "@", "-", "@", "voting", "maine", "and", "vermont", "went", "strongly", "republican", "in", "september", ",", "this", "meant", "that", "mckinley", "would", "most", "likely", "win", "the", "northeast", ".", "these", "results", "made", "the", "midwest", "the", "crucial" ]
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candidate ( behind peter cooper of the greenback party ; bryan was the youngest ). the gold democrats received quiet financial support from hanna and the republicans. palmer proved an able campaigner who visited most major cities in the east, and in the final week of his campaign, told listeners, " i will not count it any great fault if next tuesday you decide to cast your ballots for william mckinley. " the south and most of the west were deemed certain to vote for bryan. when early @ - @ voting maine and vermont went strongly republican in september, this meant that mckinley would most likely win the northeast. these results made the midwest the crucial
555
[ "their", "owners", "labor", "##iously", "rest", "##udi", "##ed", "their", "arguments", "and", "quoted", "from", "them", "in", "public", "and", "private", "debate", ".", "voters", "cast", "their", "ballots", "on", "november", "3", ",", "and", "that", "evening", "gathered", "in", "cities", "and", "around", "telegraph", "offices", ".", "in", "places", "like", "new", "york", ",", "the", "results", "were", "projected", "by", "stereo", "##ptic", "##on", "onto", "the", "sides", "of", "newspaper", "buildings", ".", "the", "election", "was", "considered", "by", "many", "to", "be", "the", "most", "crucial", "since", "1860", ",", "and", "large", "numbers", "of", "voters", "followed", "the", "returns", "all", "night", ".", "mckinley", "cast", "his", "ballot", "early", ",", "going", "with", "his", "brother", "ab", "##ner", "to", "the", "polling", "place", ",", "and", "met", "hanna", "for", "lunch", ".", "that", "evening", ",", "mckinley", "sat", "in", "his", "library", "as", "the", "returns", "came", "in", "by", "telegraph", ".", "it", "was", "quickly", "apparent", "that" ]
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their owners laboriously restudied their arguments and quoted from them in public and private debate. voters cast their ballots on november 3, and that evening gathered in cities and around telegraph offices. in places like new york, the results were projected by stereopticon onto the sides of newspaper buildings. the election was considered by many to be the most crucial since 1860, and large numbers of voters followed the returns all night. mckinley cast his ballot early, going with his brother abner to the polling place, and met hanna for lunch. that evening, mckinley sat in his library as the returns came in by telegraph. it was quickly apparent that
555
[ "1893", "financial", "crisis", ",", "had", "avoided", "scandal", "and", "carefully", "guarded", "his", "image", ",", "making", "him", "difficult", "to", "attack", ".", "hanna", "proved", "an", "easier", "target", ".", "although", "davenport", "had", "depicted", "hanna", "in", "his", "cartoons", "before", "the", "republican", "convention", "in", "june", ",", "these", "efforts", "were", "un", "##ins", "##pired", ".", "this", "changed", "once", "davenport", "got", "a", "look", "at", "his", "subject", "while", "attending", "the", "1896", "republican", "national", "convention", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ".", "after", "three", "days", "spent", "closely", "observing", "hanna", "managing", "the", "convention", "to", "secure", "mckinley", "'", "s", "nomination", "and", "passage", "of", "a", "platform", "supporting", "the", "gold", "standard", ",", "davenport", "was", "impressed", "with", "hanna", "'", "s", "dynamic", "behavior", ".", "convinced", "that", "he", "could", "effectively", "lamp", "##oon", "hanna", ",", "davenport", "'", "s", "cartoons", "became", "more", "effective", ".", "hanna", "was", "a", "tall", "man", ";" ]
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1893 financial crisis, had avoided scandal and carefully guarded his image, making him difficult to attack. hanna proved an easier target. although davenport had depicted hanna in his cartoons before the republican convention in june, these efforts were uninspired. this changed once davenport got a look at his subject while attending the 1896 republican national convention in st. louis. after three days spent closely observing hanna managing the convention to secure mckinley's nomination and passage of a platform supporting the gold standard, davenport was impressed with hanna's dynamic behavior. convinced that he could effectively lampoon hanna, davenport's cartoons became more effective. hanna was a tall man ;
555
[ "##ing", "their", "authenticity", ".", "by", "then", ",", "for", "##aker", "was", "no", "longer", "governor", ",", "having", "been", "defeated", "by", "campbell", "by", "10", "@", ",", "@", "87", "##3", "votes", "out", "of", "some", "750", "@", ",", "@", "000", "cast", ".", "mckinley", "biographer", "h", ".", "wayne", "morgan", "noted", ",", "\"", "clearly", "for", "##aker", "acted", "hastily", "and", "un", "##wise", "##ly", "because", "of", "his", "desperate", "fight", "against", "campbell", "and", "his", "bitterness", "towards", "the", "sherman", "##ites", ".", "\"", "the", "defeat", "had", "consequences", "for", "for", "##aker", ";", "according", "to", "another", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "biographer", "##s", ",", "kevin", "phillips", ":", "\"", "when", "for", "##aker", "lost", "his", "bid", "for", "a", "third", "state", "##house", "term", ",", "mckinley", "became", "ohio", "'", "s", "next", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "line", "presidential", "favorite", "son", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "wilderness" ]
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##ing their authenticity. by then, foraker was no longer governor, having been defeated by campbell by 10 @, @ 873 votes out of some 750 @, @ 000 cast. mckinley biographer h. wayne morgan noted, " clearly foraker acted hastily and unwisely because of his desperate fight against campbell and his bitterness towards the shermanites. " the defeat had consequences for foraker ; according to another of mckinley's biographers, kevin phillips : " when foraker lost his bid for a third statehouse term, mckinley became ohio's next @ - @ in @ - @ line presidential favorite son ". = = wilderness
555
[ "-", "@", "presidential", "contender", "to", "a", "lunch", "she", "had", "with", "him", "at", "the", "waldo", "##rf", "hotel", "in", "new", "york", "in", "march", "1895", ".", "during", "the", "meal", ",", "industrialist", "and", "future", "senator", "mark", "hanna", "interrupted", "them", "to", "ask", "what", "ga", "##rret", "hobart", "thought", "of", "the", "possible", "presidential", "candidacy", "of", "ohio", "governor", "william", "mckinley", "β€”", "hanna", "was", "one", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "principal", "back", "##ers", ".", "ga", "##rret", "hobart", "evade", "##d", "the", "question", ",", "but", "jennie", "hobart", "believed", "the", "conversation", "to", "have", "been", "the", "first", "of", "a", "chain", "of", "events", "which", "elevated", "her", "husband", "to", "national", "office", ".", "in", "november", "1895", ",", "republican", "john", "gr", "##ig", "##gs", "was", "elected", "governor", "of", "new", "jersey", ";", "his", "campaign", "was", "managed", "by", "hobart", ".", "the", "election", "of", "new", "jersey", "'", "s", "first", "republican" ]
645,993
- @ presidential contender to a lunch she had with him at the waldorf hotel in new york in march 1895. during the meal, industrialist and future senator mark hanna interrupted them to ask what garret hobart thought of the possible presidential candidacy of ohio governor william mckinley β€” hanna was one of mckinley's principal backers. garret hobart evaded the question, but jennie hobart believed the conversation to have been the first of a chain of events which elevated her husband to national office. in november 1895, republican john griggs was elected governor of new jersey ; his campaign was managed by hobart. the election of new jersey's first republican
555
[ "in", "those", "days", "when", "the", "presidential", "campaign", "did", "not", "begin", "in", "earnest", "until", "september", ",", "hanna", "had", "planned", "a", "vacation", "while", "mckinley", "anticipated", "a", "quiet", "summer", ".", "the", "republicans", "were", "caught", "by", "surprise", "by", "the", "wave", "of", "enthusiasm", "that", "bryan", "'", "s", "speech", "and", "nomination", "caused", ",", "and", "sc", "##ut", "##tled", "these", "plans", ";", "as", "hanna", "wrote", "to", "mckinley", "on", "july", "16", ",", "\"", "the", "chicago", "convention", "has", "changed", "everything", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "=", "fundraising", "and", "organization", "=", "=", "=", "hanna", "quickly", "realized", "that", "the", "currency", "issue", "struck", "an", "emotional", "chord", "in", "many", "americans", ",", "and", "decided", "on", "a", "campaign", "to", "persuade", "the", "voter", "that", "\"", "sound", "money", "\"", ",", "the", "gold", "standard", "unless", "modified", "by", "international", "agreement", ",", "was", "much", "prefer", "##able", "to", "bi", "##met", "##all" ]
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in those days when the presidential campaign did not begin in earnest until september, hanna had planned a vacation while mckinley anticipated a quiet summer. the republicans were caught by surprise by the wave of enthusiasm that bryan's speech and nomination caused, and scuttled these plans ; as hanna wrote to mckinley on july 16, " the chicago convention has changed everything ". = = = fundraising and organization = = = hanna quickly realized that the currency issue struck an emotional chord in many americans, and decided on a campaign to persuade the voter that " sound money ", the gold standard unless modified by international agreement, was much preferable to bimetall
555
[ "by", "cow", "##les", "in", "his", "paper", ".", "according", "to", "hanna", "biographer", "william", "t", ".", "horne", "##r", ",", "the", "episode", "was", "the", "start", "of", "the", "negative", "image", "of", "hanna", "in", "the", "press", "which", "would", "be", "further", "developed", "by", "the", "hearst", "newspapers", "over", "a", "decade", "later", ".", "cow", "##les", "'", "paper", "attacked", "hanna", "personally", ",", "dub", "##bing", "him", "\"", "marcus", "au", "##rel", "##ius", "\"", ".", "cow", "##les", "'", "choice", "of", "nickname", "was", "dictated", "by", "the", "coincidence", "of", "name", ",", "without", "regard", "to", "that", "emperor", "'", "s", "good", "reputation", ".", "the", "nickname", "remained", "with", "hanna", "throughout", "the", "remainder", "of", "his", "career", ".", "the", "incumbent", "in", "1880", ",", "president", "rutherford", "hayes", ",", "had", "no", "interest", "in", "seeking", "a", "second", "term", ";", "after", "36", "ballots", ",", "the", "republicans", "nominated", "ohio", "representative", "james", "garfield" ]
436,341
by cowles in his paper. according to hanna biographer william t. horner, the episode was the start of the negative image of hanna in the press which would be further developed by the hearst newspapers over a decade later. cowles'paper attacked hanna personally, dubbing him " marcus aurelius ". cowles'choice of nickname was dictated by the coincidence of name, without regard to that emperor's good reputation. the nickname remained with hanna throughout the remainder of his career. the incumbent in 1880, president rutherford hayes, had no interest in seeking a second term ; after 36 ballots, the republicans nominated ohio representative james garfield
555
[ "attacked", "mckinley", "as", "an", "imperial", "##ist", "for", "taking", "the", "spanish", "colonies", ".", "the", "democratic", "candidate", "also", "urged", "increased", "use", "of", "the", "anti", "##trust", "laws", ",", "and", "alleged", "that", "mckinley", "had", "been", "lax", "in", "their", "enforcement", ".", "hanna", "sum", "##med", "up", "the", "republican", "campaign", "in", "four", "words", ",", "\"", "let", "well", "enough", "alone", ".", "\"", "hanna", "was", "called", "upon", "to", "do", "only", "small", "amounts", "of", "fundraising", "this", "time", ":", "no", "great", "educational", "campaign", "was", "required", ",", "and", "the", "corporations", "were", "willing", "to", "give", ".", "the", "president", "gave", "only", "one", "speech", ",", "the", "formal", "acceptance", "of", "his", "nomination", "in", "canton", "in", "july", ".", "roosevelt", ",", "on", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "traveled", "widely", "across", "the", "nation", "giving", "speeches", ".", "the", "new", "yorker", "traveled", "21", "@", ",", "@", "000", "miles", "(", "34" ]
436,422
attacked mckinley as an imperialist for taking the spanish colonies. the democratic candidate also urged increased use of the antitrust laws, and alleged that mckinley had been lax in their enforcement. hanna summed up the republican campaign in four words, " let well enough alone. " hanna was called upon to do only small amounts of fundraising this time : no great educational campaign was required, and the corporations were willing to give. the president gave only one speech, the formal acceptance of his nomination in canton in july. roosevelt, on the other hand, traveled widely across the nation giving speeches. the new yorker traveled 21 @, @ 000 miles ( 34
555
[ "favored", "silver", ",", "were", "told", "he", "was", "sympathetic", "to", "the", "bi", "##met", "##all", "##ic", "cause", ".", "in", "the", "following", "years", ",", "several", "mckinley", "associates", ",", "including", "publisher", "h", ".", "h", ".", "ko", "##hl", "##sa", "##at", "and", "wisconsin", "'", "s", "henry", "c", ".", "payne", ",", "took", "credit", "for", "including", "an", "explicit", "mention", "of", "the", "gold", "standard", "in", "the", "platform", "'", "s", "currency", "plank", "(", "for", "they", "deemed", "it", "vital", "to", "the", "republican", "victory", "in", "november", ")", ",", "but", "it", "was", "not", "inserted", "in", "the", "draft", "until", "hanna", "consulted", "with", "mckinley", "by", "telephone", ".", "the", "silver", "republicans", "from", "the", "west", "were", "led", "by", "colorado", "senator", "henry", "m", ".", "teller", ",", "who", "drafted", "a", "plank", "promoting", "free", "silver", ",", "only", "to", "see", "it", "voted", "down", "in", "the", "drafting", "committee", ",", "and" ]
830,643
favored silver, were told he was sympathetic to the bimetallic cause. in the following years, several mckinley associates, including publisher h. h. kohlsaat and wisconsin's henry c. payne, took credit for including an explicit mention of the gold standard in the platform's currency plank ( for they deemed it vital to the republican victory in november ), but it was not inserted in the draft until hanna consulted with mckinley by telephone. the silver republicans from the west were led by colorado senator henry m. teller, who drafted a plank promoting free silver, only to see it voted down in the drafting committee, and
555
[ "theodore", "roosevelt", ",", "head", "of", "the", "new", "york", "city", "police", "commission", "and", "a", "former", "state", "assembly", "##man", ".", "mckinley", "was", "reluctant", ",", "stating", "to", "one", "roosevelt", "booster", ",", "\"", "i", "want", "peace", "and", "i", "am", "told", "that", "your", "friend", "theodore", "is", "always", "getting", "into", "rows", "with", "everybody", ".", "\"", "nevertheless", ",", "he", "made", "the", "appointment", ".", "in", "addition", "to", "sherman", ",", "mckinley", "made", "one", "other", "ill", "@", "-", "@", "advised", "cabinet", "appointment", ",", "that", "of", "secretary", "of", "war", ",", "which", "fell", "to", "russell", "a", ".", "al", "##ger", ",", "former", "general", "and", "michigan", "governor", ".", "competent", "enough", "in", "peace", "##time", ",", "al", "##ger", "proved", "inadequate", "once", "the", "conflict", "with", "spain", "began", ".", "with", "the", "war", "department", "plagued", "by", "scandal", ",", "al", "##ger", "resigned", "at", "mckinley", "'", "s", "request", "in" ]
382,351
theodore roosevelt, head of the new york city police commission and a former state assemblyman. mckinley was reluctant, stating to one roosevelt booster, " i want peace and i am told that your friend theodore is always getting into rows with everybody. " nevertheless, he made the appointment. in addition to sherman, mckinley made one other ill @ - @ advised cabinet appointment, that of secretary of war, which fell to russell a. alger, former general and michigan governor. competent enough in peacetime, alger proved inadequate once the conflict with spain began. with the war department plagued by scandal, alger resigned at mckinley's request in
555
[ "campaigned", "loyal", "##ly", "for", "president", "harrison", ",", "who", "was", "defeated", "by", "former", "president", "cleveland", "in", "the", "november", "election", ",", "and", "according", "to", "the", "governor", "'", "s", "secretary", ",", "charles", "ba", "##ws", "##el", ",", "\"", "[", "mckinley", "]", "is", "bound", "to", "be", "the", "nominee", "for", "the", "presidency", ",", "and", "the", "very", "fact", "of", "the", "defeat", "this", "year", "will", "elect", "him", "the", "next", "time", ".", "\"", "among", "those", "who", "suffered", "reverse", "##s", "in", "the", "financial", "panic", "of", "1893", "was", "a", "mckinley", "friend", "in", "young", "##stown", ".", "mckinley", ",", "out", "of", "gratitude", "for", "loans", "in", "his", "younger", "days", ",", "had", "guaranteed", "the", "friend", "'", "s", "business", "notes", ",", "without", "ever", "grasping", "the", "full", "amount", "of", "the", "obligations", "he", "was", "taking", "on", ".", "he", "was", "called", "upon", "to", "pay", "over", "$", "100" ]
436,364
campaigned loyally for president harrison, who was defeated by former president cleveland in the november election, and according to the governor's secretary, charles bawsel, " [ mckinley ] is bound to be the nominee for the presidency, and the very fact of the defeat this year will elect him the next time. " among those who suffered reverses in the financial panic of 1893 was a mckinley friend in youngstown. mckinley, out of gratitude for loans in his younger days, had guaranteed the friend's business notes, without ever grasping the full amount of the obligations he was taking on. he was called upon to pay over $ 100
555
[ "##light", "procession", "##s", "for", "candidates", ",", "were", "distracted", "by", "radio", "and", "by", "professional", "sports", ".", "nevertheless", ",", "later", "campaigns", "tried", "to", "recapture", "the", "magic", "of", "1896", ";", "warren", "g", ".", "harding", "conducted", "his", "own", "front", "porch", "campaign", "in", "1920", ",", "even", "borrowing", "the", "flag", "##pole", "from", "mckinley", "'", "s", "old", "front", "yard", ".", "william", "d", ".", "harp", "##ine", ",", "studying", "mckinley", "'", "s", "rhetoric", "during", "the", "front", "porch", "campaign", ",", "argued", "that", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", "was", "in", "some", "ways", "ahead", "of", "its", "time", ",", "\"", "even", "in", "the", "age", "of", "broadcasting", ",", "most", "candidates", "for", "nationwide", "office", "embark", "on", "a", "campaign", "tour", ".", "in", "1896", ",", "long", "before", "the", "advent", "of", "broadcasting", ",", "mckinley", "accomplished", "the", "same", "purpose", "as", "a", "mode", "##m", "candidate", ",", "and", "did", "so" ]
830,685
##light processions for candidates, were distracted by radio and by professional sports. nevertheless, later campaigns tried to recapture the magic of 1896 ; warren g. harding conducted his own front porch campaign in 1920, even borrowing the flagpole from mckinley's old front yard. william d. harpine, studying mckinley's rhetoric during the front porch campaign, argued that mckinley's campaign was in some ways ahead of its time, " even in the age of broadcasting, most candidates for nationwide office embark on a campaign tour. in 1896, long before the advent of broadcasting, mckinley accomplished the same purpose as a modem candidate, and did so
555
[ ",", "raised", "protective", "tariffs", "to", "promote", "american", "industry", ",", "and", "maintained", "the", "nation", "on", "the", "gold", "standard", "in", "a", "rejection", "of", "inflation", "##ary", "proposals", ".", "mckinley", "was", "the", "last", "president", "to", "have", "served", "in", "the", "american", "civil", "war", ",", "beginning", "as", "a", "private", "in", "the", "union", "army", "and", "ending", "as", "a", "br", "##eve", "##t", "major", ".", "after", "the", "war", ",", "he", "settled", "in", "canton", ",", "ohio", ",", "where", "he", "practiced", "law", "and", "married", "ida", "sax", "##ton", ".", "in", "1876", ",", "he", "was", "elected", "to", "congress", ",", "where", "he", "became", "the", "republican", "party", "'", "s", "expert", "on", "the", "protective", "tariff", ",", "which", "he", "promised", "would", "bring", "prosperity", ".", "his", "1890", "mckinley", "tariff", "was", "highly", "controversial", ";", "which", "together", "with", "a", "democratic", "red", "##ist", "##ricting", "aimed", "at", "gerry", "##man", "##der" ]
382,285
, raised protective tariffs to promote american industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals. mckinley was the last president to have served in the american civil war, beginning as a private in the union army and ending as a brevet major. after the war, he settled in canton, ohio, where he practiced law and married ida saxton. in 1876, he was elected to congress, where he became the republican party's expert on the protective tariff, which he promised would bring prosperity. his 1890 mckinley tariff was highly controversial ; which together with a democratic redistricting aimed at gerrymander
555
[ ".", "reporters", "and", "illustrator", "##s", "on", "the", "journal", "often", "worked", "in", "pairs", ".", "davenport", "was", "teamed", "with", "lewis", "and", "the", "two", "soon", "forged", "a", "solid", "relationship", ".", "in", "early", "1896", ",", "lewis", "went", "to", "ohio", "to", "investigate", "the", "leading", "candidate", "for", "the", "republican", "presidential", "nomination", ",", "that", "state", "'", "s", "former", "governor", ",", "william", "mckinley", ".", "to", "interview", "the", "candidate", ",", "lewis", "was", "required", "to", "undergo", "an", "interview", "himself", ",", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "manager", ",", "cleveland", "industrialist", "mark", "hanna", ".", "hanna", "had", "set", "aside", "his", "business", "career", "to", "manage", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", ",", "and", "was", "paying", "all", "expenses", "for", "a", "political", "machine", "which", "helped", "make", "mckinley", "the", "front", "##runner", "in", "the", "republican", "race", ".", "lewis", "got", "his", "interview", "with", "mckinley", ",", "then", "remained", "in", "ohio" ]
635,324
. reporters and illustrators on the journal often worked in pairs. davenport was teamed with lewis and the two soon forged a solid relationship. in early 1896, lewis went to ohio to investigate the leading candidate for the republican presidential nomination, that state's former governor, william mckinley. to interview the candidate, lewis was required to undergo an interview himself, with mckinley's political manager, cleveland industrialist mark hanna. hanna had set aside his business career to manage mckinley's campaign, and was paying all expenses for a political machine which helped make mckinley the frontrunner in the republican race. lewis got his interview with mckinley, then remained in ohio
555
[ "between", "mckinley", "and", "his", "1896", "campaign", ",", "and", "the", "2000", "election", ",", "going", "so", "far", "as", "to", "fa", "##x", "copies", "of", "books", "on", "mckinley", ".", "the", "media", "took", "the", "parallels", "further", "than", "ro", "##ve", "intended", ",", "making", "comparisons", "between", "him", "and", "hanna", ",", "hint", "##ing", "that", "ro", "##ve", "controlled", "bush", "like", "it", "was", "said", "hanna", "controlled", "mckinley", ".", "williams", "also", "saw", "the", "lasting", "effect", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "1896", "campaign", ",", "\"", "a", "new", "approach", "to", "campaigning", ",", "the", "educational", "or", "mer", "##chan", "##dis", "##ing", "style", ",", "continues", "to", "mold", "campaigns", "today", ",", "as", "does", "mckinley", "'", "s", "focus", "on", "message", ",", "hanna", "'", "s", "use", "of", "money", ",", "and", "da", "##wes", "'", "s", "reliance", "on", "efficiency", "and", "education", ".", ".", ".", "more", "than", "a", "century", "later", "," ]
830,687
between mckinley and his 1896 campaign, and the 2000 election, going so far as to fax copies of books on mckinley. the media took the parallels further than rove intended, making comparisons between him and hanna, hinting that rove controlled bush like it was said hanna controlled mckinley. williams also saw the lasting effect of mckinley's 1896 campaign, " a new approach to campaigning, the educational or merchandising style, continues to mold campaigns today, as does mckinley's focus on message, hanna's use of money, and dawes's reliance on efficiency and education... more than a century later,
555
[ "from", "business", "owners", "and", "the", "general", "public", "that", "all", "mckinley", "property", "was", "returned", "intact", ",", "and", "when", "president", "mckinley", "died", "in", "1901", ",", "no", "claims", "were", "made", "against", "his", "estate", ".", "a", "request", "by", "mckinley", "for", "the", "names", "of", "the", "subscribers", "so", "he", "might", "repay", "them", "was", "refused", "by", "the", "trustees", ".", "the", "episode", "made", "mckinley", "more", "popular", "with", "the", "public", ",", "as", "many", "americans", "had", "suffered", "in", "the", "hard", "times", "and", "sy", "##mp", "##athi", "##zed", "with", "the", "ohio", "governor", ".", "mckinley", "was", "easily", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", "as", "governor", "in", "1893", ".", "despite", "the", "poor", "economic", "times", "in", "ohio", ",", "he", "remained", "popular", ",", "and", "spoke", "across", "much", "of", "the", "nation", "for", "republican", "candidates", ".", "he", "followed", "the", "usual", "ohio", "custom", "and", "stepped", "down", "at", "the" ]
436,366
from business owners and the general public that all mckinley property was returned intact, and when president mckinley died in 1901, no claims were made against his estate. a request by mckinley for the names of the subscribers so he might repay them was refused by the trustees. the episode made mckinley more popular with the public, as many americans had suffered in the hard times and sympathized with the ohio governor. mckinley was easily re @ - @ elected as governor in 1893. despite the poor economic times in ohio, he remained popular, and spoke across much of the nation for republican candidates. he followed the usual ohio custom and stepped down at the
555
[ "mckinley", "when", "he", "returned", "to", "britain", "after", "a", "brief", "stay", "on", "the", "continent", "during", "which", "bryan", "was", "nominated", "in", "chicago", ":", "\"", "they", "were", "all", "scared", "out", "of", "their", "wits", "for", "fear", "bryan", "would", "be", "elected", ",", "and", "very", "polite", "in", "their", "references", "to", "you", ".", "\"", "once", "hay", "returned", "to", "the", "united", "states", "in", "early", "august", ",", "he", "went", "to", "the", "fell", "##s", "and", "watched", "from", "afar", "as", "bryan", "barns", "##torm", "##ed", "the", "nation", "in", "his", "campaign", "while", "mckinley", "gave", "speeches", "from", "his", "front", "porch", ".", "despite", "an", "invitation", "from", "the", "candidate", ",", "hay", "was", "reluctant", "to", "visit", "mckinley", "at", "his", "home", "in", "canton", ".", "\"", "he", "has", "asked", "me", "to", "come", ",", "but", "i", "thought", "i", "would", "not", "struggle", "with", "the", "millions", "on", "his", "tram", "##pled" ]
148,224
mckinley when he returned to britain after a brief stay on the continent during which bryan was nominated in chicago : " they were all scared out of their wits for fear bryan would be elected, and very polite in their references to you. " once hay returned to the united states in early august, he went to the fells and watched from afar as bryan barnstormed the nation in his campaign while mckinley gave speeches from his front porch. despite an invitation from the candidate, hay was reluctant to visit mckinley at his home in canton. " he has asked me to come, but i thought i would not struggle with the millions on his trampled
555
[ "him", "treasurer", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", ".", "hanna", "declined", ",", "feeling", "it", "would", "make", "him", "behold", "##en", "to", "the", "administration", ".", "as", "early", "as", "1892", ",", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "began", "to", "prepare", "for", "the", "1896", "campaign", ".", "charles", "dick", "recalled", "being", "asked", "to", "take", "the", "republican", "state", "chairman", "##ship", ":", "i", "went", "first", "to", "see", "governor", "mckinley", ".", "he", "urged", "me", "to", "accept", "and", "asked", "me", "to", "see", "mr", ".", "hanna", ",", "which", "i", "did", "the", "next", "day", ".", "the", "reasons", "both", "urged", "were", "that", "the", "campaigns", "from", "1892", "down", "to", "1896", "must", "be", "conducted", "with", "a", "view", "to", "bringing", "about", "mckinley", "'", "s", "nomination", "in", "1896", ".", "mckinley", "spoke", "of", "it", "and", "so", "did", "mr", ".", "hanna", ".", "president", "harrison", "had", "proven", "unpopular", "even", "in", "his" ]
436,361
him treasurer of the republican national committee. hanna declined, feeling it would make him beholden to the administration. as early as 1892, mckinley and hanna began to prepare for the 1896 campaign. charles dick recalled being asked to take the republican state chairmanship : i went first to see governor mckinley. he urged me to accept and asked me to see mr. hanna, which i did the next day. the reasons both urged were that the campaigns from 1892 down to 1896 must be conducted with a view to bringing about mckinley's nomination in 1896. mckinley spoke of it and so did mr. hanna. president harrison had proven unpopular even in his
555
[ "pluto", "##crat", ",", "tram", "##pling", "on", "labor", ".", "mckinley", "was", "drawn", "as", "a", "child", ",", "easily", "controlled", "by", "big", "business", ".", "even", "today", ",", "these", "depictions", "still", "color", "the", "images", "of", "hanna", "and", "mckinley", ":", "one", "as", "a", "heart", "##less", "businessman", ",", "the", "other", "as", "a", "creature", "of", "hanna", "and", "others", "of", "his", "il", "##k", ".", "the", "democrats", "had", "pamphlets", "too", ",", "though", "not", "as", "many", ".", "jones", "analyzed", "how", "voters", "responded", "to", "the", "education", "campaigns", "of", "the", "two", "parties", ":", "for", "the", "people", "it", "was", "a", "campaign", "of", "study", "and", "analysis", ",", "of", "ex", "##hort", "##ation", "and", "conviction", "β€”", "a", "campaign", "of", "search", "for", "economic", "and", "political", "truth", ".", "pamphlets", "tumbled", "from", "the", "presses", ",", "to", "be", "read", ",", "re", "##rea", "##d", ",", "studied", ",", "debated", "," ]
382,342
plutocrat, trampling on labor. mckinley was drawn as a child, easily controlled by big business. even today, these depictions still color the images of hanna and mckinley : one as a heartless businessman, the other as a creature of hanna and others of his ilk. the democrats had pamphlets too, though not as many. jones analyzed how voters responded to the education campaigns of the two parties : for the people it was a campaign of study and analysis, of exhortation and conviction β€” a campaign of search for economic and political truth. pamphlets tumbled from the presses, to be read, reread, studied, debated,
555
[ "idiots", "!", "what", "harm", "can", "he", "do", "as", "governor", "of", "new", "york", "compared", "to", "the", "damage", "he", "will", "do", "as", "president", "if", "mckinley", "should", "die", "?", "on", "his", "return", "to", "washington", "after", "the", "convention", "nominated", "mckinley", "and", "roosevelt", ",", "hanna", "wrote", "to", "the", "president", ",", "\"", "well", ",", "it", "was", "a", "nice", "little", "scrap", "at", "phil", "##a", "[", "del", "##phi", "##a", "]", ".", "not", "exactly", "to", "my", "liking", "with", "my", "hand", "tied", "behind", "me", ".", "however", ",", "we", "got", "through", "in", "good", "shape", "and", "the", "ticket", "is", "all", "right", ".", "your", "duty", "to", "the", "country", "is", "to", "live", "for", "four", "years", "from", "next", "march", ".", "\"", "the", "democrats", "nominated", "bryan", "a", "second", "time", "at", "their", "convention", ".", "this", "time", ",", "bryan", "ran", "with", "a", "broader", "agenda", ",", "and" ]
436,421
idiots! what harm can he do as governor of new york compared to the damage he will do as president if mckinley should die? on his return to washington after the convention nominated mckinley and roosevelt, hanna wrote to the president, " well, it was a nice little scrap at phila [ delphia ]. not exactly to my liking with my hand tied behind me. however, we got through in good shape and the ticket is all right. your duty to the country is to live for four years from next march. " the democrats nominated bryan a second time at their convention. this time, bryan ran with a broader agenda, and
555
[ "has", "been", "broad", "agreement", "among", "historians", "that", "mckinley", "'", "s", "election", "was", "at", "the", "time", "of", "a", "transition", "between", "two", "political", "eras", ",", "dubbed", "the", "third", "and", "fourth", "party", "systems", ".", "kenneth", "f", ".", "warren", "emphasizes", "the", "national", "commitment", "to", "a", "pro", "@", "-", "@", "business", ",", "industrial", ",", "and", "modern", "##izing", "program", ",", "represented", "by", "mckinley", ".", "historian", "daniel", "p", ".", "k", "##ling", "##hard", "argued", "that", "mckinley", "'", "s", "personal", "control", "of", "the", "1896", "campaign", "gave", "him", "the", "opportunity", "to", "res", "##ha", "##pe", "the", "presidency", "β€”", "rather", "than", "simply", "follow", "the", "party", "platform", "β€”", "by", "representing", "himself", "as", "the", "voice", "of", "the", "people", ".", "however", ",", "more", "recently", ",", "as", "republican", "political", "official", "karl", "ro", "##ve", "ex", "##al", "##ted", "mckinley", "as", "the", "agent", "of", "sweeping", "political", "real" ]
382,399
has been broad agreement among historians that mckinley's election was at the time of a transition between two political eras, dubbed the third and fourth party systems. kenneth f. warren emphasizes the national commitment to a pro @ - @ business, industrial, and modernizing program, represented by mckinley. historian daniel p. klinghard argued that mckinley's personal control of the 1896 campaign gave him the opportunity to reshape the presidency β€” rather than simply follow the party platform β€” by representing himself as the voice of the people. however, more recently, as republican political official karl rove exalted mckinley as the agent of sweeping political real
555
[ "legislature", "in", "1904", ".", "in", "1903", ",", "for", "##aker", "saw", "an", "opportunity", "to", "em", "##bar", "##ras", "##s", "hanna", "and", "boost", "his", "own", "chances", "for", "1908", "by", "getting", "the", "republican", "state", "convention", "to", "pass", "a", "resolution", "end", "##ors", "##ing", "roosevelt", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", ".", "if", "hanna", "supported", "the", "resolution", ",", "he", "made", "it", "clear", "he", "would", "not", "be", "a", "candidate", ";", "if", "he", "opposed", "it", ",", "he", "risked", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "wrath", ".", "hanna", "sent", "roosevelt", "a", "telegram", "that", "he", "would", "oppose", "the", "resolution", ";", "roosevelt", "replied", "that", "he", "expected", "his", "administration", "'", "s", "supporters", "to", "vote", "for", "such", "a", "resolution", ",", "and", "hanna", "gave", "in", ".", "in", "february", "1904", ",", "hanna", "died", "of", "ty", "##ph", "##oid", "fever", ",", "and", "his", "senate", "seat", "and", "faction", "##al" ]
528,389
legislature in 1904. in 1903, foraker saw an opportunity to embarrass hanna and boost his own chances for 1908 by getting the republican state convention to pass a resolution endorsing roosevelt for re @ - @ election. if hanna supported the resolution, he made it clear he would not be a candidate ; if he opposed it, he risked roosevelt's wrath. hanna sent roosevelt a telegram that he would oppose the resolution ; roosevelt replied that he expected his administration's supporters to vote for such a resolution, and hanna gave in. in february 1904, hanna died of typhoid fever, and his senate seat and factional
555
[ "later", ",", "received", "nothing", ".", "although", "hanna", "was", "reputed", "to", "control", "the", "administration", "'", "s", "patronage", ",", "in", "fact", ",", "other", "men", "were", "more", "influential", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "friend", "joseph", "smith", ",", "who", "had", "served", "as", "state", "librarian", "of", "ohio", "during", "mckinley", "'", "s", "tenure", "as", "governor", ",", "probably", "had", "more", "influence", "over", "federal", "jobs", "until", "his", "death", "in", "1898", ".", "charles", "da", "##wes", ",", "who", "was", "slated", "to", "be", "com", "##pt", "##roller", "of", "the", "currency", "as", "soon", "as", "the", "incumbent", "left", "office", ",", "was", "also", "a", "mckinley", "con", "##fi", "##dant", ".", "joseph", "br", "##isto", "##w", ",", "whose", "duties", "as", "fourth", "assistant", "postmaster", "general", "under", "mckinley", "involved", "patronage", "appointments", ",", "later", "wrote", "that", "the", "president", "\"", "gave", "hanna", "'", "s", "requests", "great", "consideration", "and", "had", "confidence", "in" ]
436,408
later, received nothing. although hanna was reputed to control the administration's patronage, in fact, other men were more influential. mckinley's friend joseph smith, who had served as state librarian of ohio during mckinley's tenure as governor, probably had more influence over federal jobs until his death in 1898. charles dawes, who was slated to be comptroller of the currency as soon as the incumbent left office, was also a mckinley confidant. joseph bristow, whose duties as fourth assistant postmaster general under mckinley involved patronage appointments, later wrote that the president " gave hanna's requests great consideration and had confidence in
555
[ "a", ".", "garfield", ")", "and", "john", "a", ".", "logan", ",", "but", "the", "convention", "was", "dominated", "by", "the", "blaine", "forces", ".", "sherman", "received", "30", "votes", ",", "mostly", "from", "ohio", ",", "on", "the", "first", "ballot", ",", "but", "his", "total", "thereafter", "declined", ",", "and", "blaine", "secured", "the", "nomination", "on", "the", "fourth", "ballot", ".", "there", "was", "talk", "of", "for", "##aker", "for", "vice", "president", ";", "he", "received", "one", "vote", ",", "from", "new", "york", "delegate", "and", "cornell", "president", "andrew", "d", ".", "white", ".", "the", "no", "##minating", "speech", ",", "despite", "its", "flaws", ",", "made", "for", "##aker", "a", "national", "figure", ".", "at", "the", "convention", ",", "for", "##aker", "worked", "with", "hanna", "and", "with", "charles", "g", ".", "kurt", "##z", "of", "columbus", ":", "both", "would", "support", "for", "##aker", "in", "the", "years", "ahead", ",", "though", "in", "the", "case", "of", "hanna" ]
528,351
a. garfield ) and john a. logan, but the convention was dominated by the blaine forces. sherman received 30 votes, mostly from ohio, on the first ballot, but his total thereafter declined, and blaine secured the nomination on the fourth ballot. there was talk of foraker for vice president ; he received one vote, from new york delegate and cornell president andrew d. white. the nominating speech, despite its flaws, made foraker a national figure. at the convention, foraker worked with hanna and with charles g. kurtz of columbus : both would support foraker in the years ahead, though in the case of hanna
555
[ "and", "soon", "retired", ".", "the", "firm", ",", "rhodes", "and", "company", "(", "later", "m", ".", "a", ".", "hanna", "and", "company", ")", ",", "dealt", "principally", "in", "coal", "and", "steel", ",", "but", "under", "hanna", "expanded", "into", "many", "fields", ".", "the", "firm", "had", "close", "dealings", "with", "the", "railroads", "β€”", "especially", "the", "pennsylvania", "railroad", ",", "which", "carried", "much", "of", "its", "freight", ".", "hanna", "later", "became", "director", "of", "two", "railroads", ",", "including", "one", "of", "the", "pennsylvania", "'", "s", "leased", "lines", ".", "in", "the", "1868", "presidential", "election", ",", "hanna", "supported", "the", "republican", ",", "former", "union", "general", "ulysses", "s", ".", "grant", ".", "the", "flood", "of", "inflation", "##ary", "green", "##back", "currency", "issued", "during", "the", "war", "made", "rhodes", "and", "company", "'", "s", "dealings", "in", "the", "new", "confederation", "of", "canada", "difficult", ";", "merchants", "would", "accept", "a", "dollar", "in", "paper" ]
436,338
and soon retired. the firm, rhodes and company ( later m. a. hanna and company ), dealt principally in coal and steel, but under hanna expanded into many fields. the firm had close dealings with the railroads β€” especially the pennsylvania railroad, which carried much of its freight. hanna later became director of two railroads, including one of the pennsylvania's leased lines. in the 1868 presidential election, hanna supported the republican, former union general ulysses s. grant. the flood of inflationary greenback currency issued during the war made rhodes and company's dealings in the new confederation of canada difficult ; merchants would accept a dollar in paper
555
[ "##d", "praise", "of", "the", "president", "pleased", "the", "delegates", ".", "as", "mckinley", "'", "s", "original", "vice", "president", ",", "ga", "##rret", "hobart", ",", "had", "died", "in", "1899", ",", "he", "required", "a", "new", "running", "mate", "for", "the", "1900", "campaign", ",", "and", "the", "convention", "chose", "the", "popular", "spanish", "–", "american", "war", "hero", ",", "new", "york", "governor", "theodore", "roosevelt", ".", "for", "##aker", "had", "maintained", "friendly", "relations", "with", "roosevelt", "since", "the", "two", "men", "met", "at", "the", "1884", "convention", ",", "but", "hanna", "bitterly", "opposed", "the", "choice", ".", "for", "##aker", "spoke", "widely", "during", "mckinley", "'", "s", "successful", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "campaign", ".", "after", "president", "mckinley", "was", "assassinated", "in", "september", "1901", ",", "for", "##aker", "attended", "the", "funeral", "services", "and", "addressed", "a", "large", "memorial", "meeting", "at", "the", "cincinnati", "music", "hall", ".", "when", "politics", "resumed", "after", "the" ]
528,387
##d praise of the president pleased the delegates. as mckinley's original vice president, garret hobart, had died in 1899, he required a new running mate for the 1900 campaign, and the convention chose the popular spanish – american war hero, new york governor theodore roosevelt. foraker had maintained friendly relations with roosevelt since the two men met at the 1884 convention, but hanna bitterly opposed the choice. foraker spoke widely during mckinley's successful re @ - @ election campaign. after president mckinley was assassinated in september 1901, foraker attended the funeral services and addressed a large memorial meeting at the cincinnati music hall. when politics resumed after the
555
[ "a", ".", "j", ".", "lester", ".", "then", "@", "-", "@", "governor", "of", "ohio", "william", "mckinley", "gave", "a", "ro", "##using", "keynote", "speech", ".", "the", "college", "republicans", "quickly", "pursued", "a", "strategy", "of", "sending", "college", "students", "to", "vote", "in", "their", "home", "districts", "and", "registering", "others", "to", "vote", "where", "they", "school", "##ed", "to", "swing", "closely", "contested", "districts", ".", "this", "strategy", "was", "successfully", "implemented", "for", "the", "1900", "presidential", "election", "between", "william", "mckinley", "and", "william", "jennings", "bryan", ",", "helping", "win", "bryan", "'", "s", "home", "state", "of", "nebraska", "for", "mckinley", ".", "the", "college", "republicans", "were", "financed", ",", "at", "least", "in", "part", ",", "by", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", "throughout", "much", "of", "its", "history", ".", "james", "francis", "burke", "received", "significant", "funding", "from", "the", "rn", "##c", "to", "support", "the", "american", "republican", "college", "league", "'", "s", "founding", "and", "to" ]
471,997
a. j. lester. then @ - @ governor of ohio william mckinley gave a rousing keynote speech. the college republicans quickly pursued a strategy of sending college students to vote in their home districts and registering others to vote where they schooled to swing closely contested districts. this strategy was successfully implemented for the 1900 presidential election between william mckinley and william jennings bryan, helping win bryan's home state of nebraska for mckinley. the college republicans were financed, at least in part, by the republican national committee throughout much of its history. james francis burke received significant funding from the rnc to support the american republican college league's founding and to
555
[ "treaty", "in", "february", "1904", ";", "the", "debate", "began", "as", "hanna", "lay", "dying", ".", "the", "treaty", "was", "ratified", "on", "february", "23", ",", "1904", ",", "eight", "days", "after", "hanna", "'", "s", "death", ".", "=", "=", "=", "=", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", ",", "rumors", "of", "a", "presidential", "run", ",", "and", "death", "=", "=", "=", "=", "at", "the", "1903", "ohio", "republican", "convention", ",", "for", "##aker", "filed", "a", "resolution", "to", "end", "##ors", "##e", "roosevelt", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", ".", "this", "would", "normally", "have", "been", "introduced", "at", "the", "1904", "convention", ",", "but", "for", "##aker", "hoped", "to", "use", "the", "resolution", "to", "take", "control", "of", "the", "ohio", "party", "from", "hanna", ".", "the", "resolution", "placed", "hanna", "in", "a", "difficult", "position", ":", "if", "he", "supported", "it", ",", "he", "proclaimed", "he", "would", "not", "run", "for", "president" ]
436,434
treaty in february 1904 ; the debate began as hanna lay dying. the treaty was ratified on february 23, 1904, eight days after hanna's death. = = = = re @ - @ election, rumors of a presidential run, and death = = = = at the 1903 ohio republican convention, foraker filed a resolution to endorse roosevelt for re @ - @ election. this would normally have been introduced at the 1904 convention, but foraker hoped to use the resolution to take control of the ohio party from hanna. the resolution placed hanna in a difficult position : if he supported it, he proclaimed he would not run for president
555
[ "give", "them", "control", "over", "patronage", "in", "their", "states", "and", "a", "promise", "in", "writing", "that", "platt", "would", "be", "treasury", "secretary", ".", "mckinley", "was", "unwilling", "to", "deal", ",", "seeking", "a", "nomination", "without", "strings", ",", "and", "hanna", ",", "though", "noting", "that", "this", "made", "his", "task", "much", "harder", ",", "undertook", "to", "get", "it", ".", "mckinley", "decided", "on", "a", "theme", "for", "his", "nomination", "campaign", ",", "\"", "the", "people", "against", "the", "bosses", "\"", ".", "with", "hanna", "'", "s", "aid", ",", "mckinley", "found", "talented", "men", "to", "run", "the", "state", "organizations", ",", "who", "would", "in", "turn", "find", "locals", "to", "ensure", "mckinley", "triumph", "##ed", "at", "the", "series", "of", "conventions", "that", "would", "elect", "delegates", "to", "the", "june", "1896", "republican", "convention", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ".", "notable", "among", "these", "appointments", "was", "charles", "g", ".", "da", "##wes", "in", "illinois", "," ]
830,636
give them control over patronage in their states and a promise in writing that platt would be treasury secretary. mckinley was unwilling to deal, seeking a nomination without strings, and hanna, though noting that this made his task much harder, undertook to get it. mckinley decided on a theme for his nomination campaign, " the people against the bosses ". with hanna's aid, mckinley found talented men to run the state organizations, who would in turn find locals to ensure mckinley triumphed at the series of conventions that would elect delegates to the june 1896 republican convention in st. louis. notable among these appointments was charles g. dawes in illinois,
555
[ "a", "call", "from", "major", "mckinley", "and", "his", "oil", "inspector", "candidate", ".", ".", ".", ".", "i", "tell", "him", "he", "'", "wants", "the", "earth", "'", ".", ".", ".", "\"", "however", ",", "for", "##aker", "instead", "re", "##app", "##oint", "##ed", "the", "incumbent", ",", "louis", "smith", "##night", ".", "one", "of", "the", "men", "appointed", "deputy", "oil", "inspector", "was", "harry", "smith", ",", "the", "black", "editor", "who", "had", "supported", "for", "##aker", "in", "the", "1885", "election", ".", "mckinley", "again", "approached", "for", "##aker", "after", "his", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "in", "1887", "seeking", "hart", "##sho", "##rn", "'", "s", "appointment", ";", "however", ",", "for", "##aker", "appointed", "george", "b", ".", "cox", ",", "republican", "boss", "of", "cincinnati", ",", "as", "chief", "though", "smith", "##night", "was", "retained", "as", "a", "deputy", ".", "in", "later", "years", ",", "for", "##aker", "suggested", "the", "dispute", "over", "the", "oil" ]
528,360
a call from major mckinley and his oil inspector candidate.... i tell him he'wants the earth '... " however, foraker instead reappointed the incumbent, louis smithnight. one of the men appointed deputy oil inspector was harry smith, the black editor who had supported foraker in the 1885 election. mckinley again approached foraker after his re @ - @ election in 1887 seeking hartshorn's appointment ; however, foraker appointed george b. cox, republican boss of cincinnati, as chief though smithnight was retained as a deputy. in later years, foraker suggested the dispute over the oil
555
[ "beginning", "to", "form", "themselves", ",", "but", "had", "little", "luck", "in", "indiana", ".", "mckinley", "challenged", "his", "rivals", "everywhere", "except", "in", "states", ",", "like", "iowa", ",", "that", "he", "deemed", "had", "serious", "candidates", "like", "senator", "allison", ".", "the", "favorite", "son", "candi", "##da", "##cies", "of", "minnesota", "senator", "cu", "##sh", "##man", "k", ".", "davis", "and", "former", "nebraska", "senator", "charles", "f", ".", "man", "##ders", "##on", "fell", "victim", "to", "the", "mckinley", "forces", ",", "well", "@", "-", "@", "financed", "by", "hanna", ",", "who", "took", "their", "states", "away", "from", "them", ".", "mckinley", "was", "disliked", "by", "the", "american", "protective", "association", ",", "an", "anti", "@", "-", "@", "catholic", "group", "angered", "that", "as", "governor", "he", "had", "appointed", "to", "office", "members", "of", "that", "faith", ".", "their", "wide", "pamphlet", "##ing", "caused", "hanna", "to", "act", "against", "false", "##hood", "##s", "that", "his", "candidate", "was" ]
830,638
beginning to form themselves, but had little luck in indiana. mckinley challenged his rivals everywhere except in states, like iowa, that he deemed had serious candidates like senator allison. the favorite son candidacies of minnesota senator cushman k. davis and former nebraska senator charles f. manderson fell victim to the mckinley forces, well @ - @ financed by hanna, who took their states away from them. mckinley was disliked by the american protective association, an anti @ - @ catholic group angered that as governor he had appointed to office members of that faith. their wide pamphleting caused hanna to act against falsehoods that his candidate was
555
[ "a", "factor", "in", "the", "1896", "campaign", ",", "but", "he", "was", "rescued", "from", "this", "by", "businessmen", "who", "supported", "him", ",", "led", "by", "his", "friend", "and", "political", "manager", ",", "mark", "hanna", ".", "with", "that", "obstacle", "removed", ",", "hanna", "built", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", "organization", "through", "1895", "and", "1896", ".", "mckinley", "refused", "to", "deal", "with", "the", "eastern", "bosses", "such", "as", "thomas", "platt", "and", "matthew", "quay", ",", "and", "they", "tried", "to", "block", "his", "nomination", "by", "encouraging", "state", "favorite", "son", "candidates", "to", "run", "and", "prevent", "mckinley", "from", "getting", "a", "majority", "of", "delegate", "votes", ",", "which", "might", "force", "him", "to", "make", "deals", "on", "political", "patronage", ".", "their", "efforts", "were", "in", "vain", ",", "as", "the", "large", ",", "efficient", "mckinley", "organization", "swept", "him", "to", "a", "first", "ballot", "victory", "at", "the", "1896", "republican", "national", "convention", ",", "with" ]
830,614
a factor in the 1896 campaign, but he was rescued from this by businessmen who supported him, led by his friend and political manager, mark hanna. with that obstacle removed, hanna built mckinley's campaign organization through 1895 and 1896. mckinley refused to deal with the eastern bosses such as thomas platt and matthew quay, and they tried to block his nomination by encouraging state favorite son candidates to run and prevent mckinley from getting a majority of delegate votes, which might force him to make deals on political patronage. their efforts were in vain, as the large, efficient mckinley organization swept him to a first ballot victory at the 1896 republican national convention, with
555
[ "was", "clear", "that", "public", "support", "for", "silver", "had", "rec", "##eded", ",", "and", "mckinley", "began", "to", "emphasize", "the", "tariff", "issue", ".", "by", "the", "end", "of", "september", ",", "the", "republicans", "had", "discontinued", "printing", "material", "on", "the", "silver", "issue", ",", "and", "were", "entirely", "concentrating", "on", "the", "tariff", "question", ".", "on", "november", "3", ",", "1896", ",", "the", "voters", "had", "their", "say", "in", "most", "of", "the", "nation", ".", "mckinley", "won", "the", "entire", "northeast", "and", "midwest", ";", "he", "won", "51", "%", "of", "the", "vote", "and", "an", "ample", "majority", "in", "the", "electoral", "college", ".", "bryan", "had", "concentrated", "entirely", "on", "the", "silver", "issue", ",", "and", "had", "not", "appealed", "to", "urban", "workers", ".", "voters", "in", "cities", "supported", "mckinley", ";", "the", "only", "city", "outside", "the", "south", "of", "more", "than", "100", "@", ",", "@", "000", "population", "carried", "by", "bryan" ]
382,344
was clear that public support for silver had receded, and mckinley began to emphasize the tariff issue. by the end of september, the republicans had discontinued printing material on the silver issue, and were entirely concentrating on the tariff question. on november 3, 1896, the voters had their say in most of the nation. mckinley won the entire northeast and midwest ; he won 51 % of the vote and an ample majority in the electoral college. bryan had concentrated entirely on the silver issue, and had not appealed to urban workers. voters in cities supported mckinley ; the only city outside the south of more than 100 @, @ 000 population carried by bryan
555
[ "june", "30", ",", "1896", ",", "and", "who", "joined", "his", "running", "mate", "in", "speaking", "to", "a", "crowd", "of", "visitors", ".", "in", "his", "speeches", ",", "mckinley", "concentrated", "on", "tariffs", ",", "which", "he", "expected", "to", "dominate", "the", "campaign", ",", "and", "gave", "short", "shri", "##ft", "to", "the", "currency", "question", ".", "as", "mckinley", "awaited", "his", "opponent", ",", "he", "privately", "commented", "on", "the", "nationwide", "debate", "over", "silver", ",", "stating", "to", "his", "canton", "cr", "##ony", ",", "judge", "william", "r", ".", "day", ",", "\"", "this", "money", "matter", "is", "und", "##ul", "##y", "prominent", ".", "in", "thirty", "days", "you", "won", "'", "t", "hear", "anything", "about", "it", ".", "\"", "the", "future", "secretary", "of", "state", "and", "supreme", "court", "justice", "responded", ":", "\"", "in", "my", "opinion", "in", "thirty", "days", "you", "won", "'", "t", "hear", "of", "anything", "else", ".", "\"", "at", "the" ]
830,649
june 30, 1896, and who joined his running mate in speaking to a crowd of visitors. in his speeches, mckinley concentrated on tariffs, which he expected to dominate the campaign, and gave short shrift to the currency question. as mckinley awaited his opponent, he privately commented on the nationwide debate over silver, stating to his canton crony, judge william r. day, " this money matter is unduly prominent. in thirty days you won't hear anything about it. " the future secretary of state and supreme court justice responded : " in my opinion in thirty days you won't hear of anything else. " at the
555
[ "at", "the", "convention", "by", "boost", "##ing", "support", "for", "local", "favorite", "son", "candidates", "such", "as", "quay", ",", "new", "york", "governor", "(", "and", "former", "vice", "president", ")", "levi", "p", ".", "morton", ",", "and", "illinois", "senator", "shelby", "cu", "##llo", "##m", ".", "delegate", "@", "-", "@", "rich", "illinois", "proved", "a", "crucial", "battle", "##ground", ",", "as", "mckinley", "supporters", ",", "such", "as", "chicago", "businessman", "(", "and", "future", "vice", "president", ")", "charles", "g", ".", "da", "##wes", ",", "sought", "to", "elect", "delegates", "pledged", "to", "vote", "for", "mckinley", "at", "the", "national", "convention", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ".", "cu", "##llo", "##m", "proved", "unable", "to", "stand", "against", "mckinley", "despite", "the", "support", "of", "local", "republican", "machines", ";", "at", "the", "state", "convention", "at", "the", "end", "of", "april", ",", "mckinley", "completed", "a", "near", "@", "-", "@", "sweep", "of", "illinois", "'", "delegates", "." ]
382,333
at the convention by boosting support for local favorite son candidates such as quay, new york governor ( and former vice president ) levi p. morton, and illinois senator shelby cullom. delegate @ - @ rich illinois proved a crucial battleground, as mckinley supporters, such as chicago businessman ( and future vice president ) charles g. dawes, sought to elect delegates pledged to vote for mckinley at the national convention in st. louis. cullom proved unable to stand against mckinley despite the support of local republican machines ; at the state convention at the end of april, mckinley completed a near @ - @ sweep of illinois'delegates.
555
[ "he", "was", "not", "running", ",", "his", "devotees", "hoped", "he", "might", "change", "his", "mind", ".", "sherman", "did", "not", "fully", "trust", "for", "##aker", ",", "and", "gave", "over", "the", "management", "of", "his", "campaign", "to", "hanna", ";", "the", "presidential", "candidate", "also", "declined", "to", "have", "for", "##aker", "place", "his", "name", "in", "nomination", "in", "favor", "of", "daniel", "h", ".", "hastings", "of", "pennsylvania", ".", "at", "the", "convention", ",", "for", "##aker", "second", "##ed", "hastings", "'", "nomination", "of", "sherman", ",", "but", "the", "senator", ",", "on", "the", "first", "ballot", ",", "received", "few", "votes", "outside", "the", "states", "known", "to", "back", "him", ".", "sherman", "'", "s", "southern", "support", "was", "discount", "##ed", ",", "as", "those", "states", "would", "not", "vote", "for", "the", "republican", "nominee", ",", "and", "sherman", "had", "paid", "the", "travel", "expenses", "of", "those", "delegates", ",", "who", "were", "for", "the", "most", "part" ]
528,363
he was not running, his devotees hoped he might change his mind. sherman did not fully trust foraker, and gave over the management of his campaign to hanna ; the presidential candidate also declined to have foraker place his name in nomination in favor of daniel h. hastings of pennsylvania. at the convention, foraker seconded hastings'nomination of sherman, but the senator, on the first ballot, received few votes outside the states known to back him. sherman's southern support was discounted, as those states would not vote for the republican nominee, and sherman had paid the travel expenses of those delegates, who were for the most part
555
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436,404
garfield, the late president's son, stated that he had been told by one republican from cleveland that he had to vote for mckisson because if he did not, his contracts to sell the city brick pavers would be cut off. according to horner, given hanna's determination to win and his willingness to play by the rules as they existed, money may have changed hands during the campaign, but if it did, it is important to remember the context. if hanna engaged in such behavior, that was the way the game was played on both sides... hanna, of course, was not without resources. it is
555
[ "and", "fatally", "wounded", "on", "september", "6", ",", "1901", ",", "inside", "the", "temple", "of", "music", "on", "the", "grounds", "of", "the", "pan", "@", "-", "@", "american", "exposition", "in", "buffalo", ",", "new", "york", ".", "mckinley", "was", "shaking", "hands", "with", "the", "public", "when", "he", "was", "shot", "by", "leon", "c", "##zo", "##l", "##gos", "##z", ",", "an", "anarchist", ".", "the", "president", "died", "on", "september", "14", "from", "gang", "##ren", "##e", "caused", "by", "the", "bullet", "wounds", ".", "mckinley", "became", "the", "third", "american", "president", "to", "be", "assassinated", ",", "following", "abraham", "lincoln", "in", "1865", "and", "james", "a", ".", "garfield", "in", "1881", ".", "mckinley", "had", "been", "elected", "for", "a", "second", "term", "in", "1900", ".", "he", "enjoyed", "meeting", "the", "public", ",", "and", "was", "reluctant", "to", "accept", "the", "security", "available", "to", "his", "office", ".", "the", "secretary", "to", "the", "president", ",", "george" ]
521,633
and fatally wounded on september 6, 1901, inside the temple of music on the grounds of the pan @ - @ american exposition in buffalo, new york. mckinley was shaking hands with the public when he was shot by leon czolgosz, an anarchist. the president died on september 14 from gangrene caused by the bullet wounds. mckinley became the third american president to be assassinated, following abraham lincoln in 1865 and james a. garfield in 1881. mckinley had been elected for a second term in 1900. he enjoyed meeting the public, and was reluctant to accept the security available to his office. the secretary to the president, george
555
[ "inspectors", "##hip", "was", "a", "reason", "for", "hanna", "breaking", "from", "him", "and", "ally", "##ing", "with", "mckinley", ",", "stating", "after", "hanna", "'", "s", "death", "in", "1904", ",", "\"", "i", "have", "often", "thought", "since", "that", "my", "appointment", "of", "cox", "made", "mckinley", "president", ".", "\"", "=", "=", "=", "1888", "convention", ";", "defeat", "for", "third", "term", "=", "=", "=", "walters", "traces", "fis", "##sure", "##s", "between", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "supporters", "and", "those", "of", "sherman", "from", "as", "early", "as", "1887", ".", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "meteor", "##ic", "rise", "in", "ohio", "politics", "was", "a", "threat", "to", "sherman", ",", "especially", "as", "for", "##aker", "was", "likely", "to", "seek", "another", "office", "after", "completing", "his", "time", "as", "governor", ".", "in", "1887", ",", "mckinley", ",", "hanna", ",", "sherman", ",", "and", "others", "met", "at", "the", "congressman", "'", "s", "home", "in", "canton" ]
528,361
inspectorship was a reason for hanna breaking from him and allying with mckinley, stating after hanna's death in 1904, " i have often thought since that my appointment of cox made mckinley president. " = = = 1888 convention ; defeat for third term = = = walters traces fissures between foraker's supporters and those of sherman from as early as 1887. foraker's meteoric rise in ohio politics was a threat to sherman, especially as foraker was likely to seek another office after completing his time as governor. in 1887, mckinley, hanna, sherman, and others met at the congressman's home in canton
555
[ "election", ",", "and", "hanna", "saw", "to", "it", "that", "the", "gold", "democrats", "were", "aided", "with", "quietly", "@", "-", "@", "provided", "funds", ".", "the", "midwest", "was", "the", "crucial", "battle", "##ground", ",", "and", "both", "parties", "poured", "in", "their", "resources", ",", "with", "bryan", "spending", "most", "of", "his", "time", "there", ",", "as", "did", "hanna", ".", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "began", "to", "sense", "that", "the", "flood", "of", "materials", "and", "speakers", "on", "the", "silver", "question", "had", "had", "their", "effect", "in", "the", "midwest", ".", "da", "##wes", "began", "to", "slow", "the", "flow", "of", "pamphlets", "against", "silver", ",", "and", "set", "loose", "a", "flood", "of", "material", "favor", "##ing", "mckinley", "'", "s", "tariff", "policies", ".", "events", "favored", "the", "republicans", ":", "wheat", "prices", "rose", "considerably", "in", "the", "final", "weeks", "of", "the", "campaign", ",", "less", "##ening", "the", "enthusiasm", "of", "farmers", "for", "free", "silver" ]
830,675
election, and hanna saw to it that the gold democrats were aided with quietly @ - @ provided funds. the midwest was the crucial battleground, and both parties poured in their resources, with bryan spending most of his time there, as did hanna. mckinley and hanna began to sense that the flood of materials and speakers on the silver question had had their effect in the midwest. dawes began to slow the flow of pamphlets against silver, and set loose a flood of material favoring mckinley's tariff policies. events favored the republicans : wheat prices rose considerably in the final weeks of the campaign, lessening the enthusiasm of farmers for free silver
555