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[ "on", "intuition", "and", "inspiration", ".", "further", ",", "eureka", "contains", "many", "scientific", "errors", ".", "in", "particular", ",", "poe", "'", "s", "suggestions", "opposed", "newton", "##ian", "principles", "regarding", "the", "density", "and", "rotation", "of", "planets", ".", "he", "also", "says", "that", "johannes", "kepler", "came", "to", "his", "conclusions", "not", "through", "science", "but", "through", "guess", "##work", ".", "for", "this", "reason", ",", "it", "has", "been", "suggested", "that", "what", "poe", "demands", "is", "true", "in", "eureka", "is", "not", "actually", "about", "this", "universe", ",", "but", "a", "parallel", "fictitious", "one", "poe", "creates", ".", "if", "this", "is", "the", "case", ",", "as", "interpreted", "by", "poet", "richard", "wilbur", ",", "poe", "is", "criticizing", "this", "world", ",", "suggesting", "it", "has", "fallen", "away", "from", "god", "by", "el", "##eva", "##ting", "scientific", "reason", "above", "poetic", "intuition", ".", "more", "modern", "critics", "also", "suggest", "eureka", "is", "a", "sign", "of", "poe" ]
763,335
on intuition and inspiration. further, eureka contains many scientific errors. in particular, poe's suggestions opposed newtonian principles regarding the density and rotation of planets. he also says that johannes kepler came to his conclusions not through science but through guesswork. for this reason, it has been suggested that what poe demands is true in eureka is not actually about this universe, but a parallel fictitious one poe creates. if this is the case, as interpreted by poet richard wilbur, poe is criticizing this world, suggesting it has fallen away from god by elevating scientific reason above poetic intuition. more modern critics also suggest eureka is a sign of poe
52
[ "august", "1829", ",", "four", "months", "after", "his", "discharge", "from", "the", "army", ".", "she", "was", "seven", "at", "the", "time", ".", "in", "1832", ",", "the", "family", "–", "made", "up", "of", "elizabeth", ",", "maria", ",", "virginia", ",", "and", "virginia", "'", "s", "brother", "henry", "–", "was", "able", "to", "use", "elizabeth", "'", "s", "pension", "to", "rent", "a", "home", "at", "what", "was", "then", "3", "north", "ami", "##ty", "street", "in", "baltimore", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "older", "brother", "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", ",", "who", "had", "been", "living", "with", "the", "family", ",", "had", "recently", "died", "on", "august", "1", ",", "1831", ".", "poe", "joined", "the", "household", "in", "1833", "and", "was", "soon", "sm", "##itte", "##n", "by", "a", "neighbor", "named", "mary", "dev", "##ere", "##aux", ".", "the", "young", "virginia", "served", "as", "a", "messenger", "between", "the", "two", ",", "at", "one", "point", "re" ]
116,680
august 1829, four months after his discharge from the army. she was seven at the time. in 1832, the family – made up of elizabeth, maria, virginia, and virginia's brother henry – was able to use elizabeth's pension to rent a home at what was then 3 north amity street in baltimore. poe's older brother william henry leonard poe, who had been living with the family, had recently died on august 1, 1831. poe joined the household in 1833 and was soon smitten by a neighbor named mary devereaux. the young virginia served as a messenger between the two, at one point re
52
[ "cal", "##ami", "##ty", "gave", "rise", ".", "the", "first", "overseas", "publication", "of", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", "appeared", "only", "a", "few", "months", "later", "when", "it", "was", "printed", "in", "london", "without", "poe", "'", "s", "permission", ",", "although", "the", "final", "paragraph", "was", "omitted", ".", "this", "early", "publication", "of", "the", "novel", "initiated", "british", "interest", "in", "poe", ".", "=", "=", "literary", "significance", "and", "reception", "=", "=", "contemporary", "reviews", "for", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", "were", "generally", "un", "##fa", "##vor", "##able", ".", "fifteen", "months", "after", "its", "publication", ",", "it", "was", "reviewed", "by", "lewis", "gay", "##lord", "clark", ",", "a", "fellow", "author", "who", "carried", "on", "a", "substantial", "feud", "with", "poe", ".", "his", "review", "printed", "in", "the", "kn", "##ick", "##er", "##bo", "##cker", "said", "the", "book", "was", "\"" ]
606,655
calamity gave rise. the first overseas publication of the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket appeared only a few months later when it was printed in london without poe's permission, although the final paragraph was omitted. this early publication of the novel initiated british interest in poe. = = literary significance and reception = = contemporary reviews for the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket were generally unfavorable. fifteen months after its publication, it was reviewed by lewis gaylord clark, a fellow author who carried on a substantial feud with poe. his review printed in the knickerbocker said the book was "
52
[ "bot", "##ta", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "cottage", "on", "her", "behalf", "to", "request", "that", "he", "return", "the", "personal", "letters", "she", "had", "sent", "him", ".", "angered", "by", "their", "interference", ",", "poe", "called", "them", "\"", "busy", "@", "-", "@", "bodies", "\"", ".", "a", "public", "scandal", "erupted", "and", "continued", "until", "os", "##good", "'", "s", "estranged", "husband", "samuel", "still", "##man", "os", "##good", "stepped", "in", "and", "threatened", "to", "sue", "elle", "##t", ".", "=", "=", "=", "assignment", "in", "europe", "=", "=", "=", "in", "1846", "the", "new", "york", "tribune", "sent", "fuller", "to", "europe", ",", "specifically", "england", "and", "italy", ",", "as", "its", "first", "female", "foreign", "correspondent", ".", "she", "traveled", "from", "boston", "to", "liverpool", "in", "august", "on", "the", "cam", "##bria", ",", "a", "vessel", "that", "used", "both", "sail", "and", "steam", "to", "make", "the", "journey", "in", "ten", "days", "and", "sixteen" ]
761,661
botta to poe's cottage on her behalf to request that he return the personal letters she had sent him. angered by their interference, poe called them " busy @ - @ bodies ". a public scandal erupted and continued until osgood's estranged husband samuel stillman osgood stepped in and threatened to sue ellet. = = = assignment in europe = = = in 1846 the new york tribune sent fuller to europe, specifically england and italy, as its first female foreign correspondent. she traveled from boston to liverpool in august on the cambria, a vessel that used both sail and steam to make the journey in ten days and sixteen
52
[ "and", "every", "man", "who", "sets", "himself", "up", "as", "a", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", ",", "owe", "the", "dead", "\"", ".", "today", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "name", "is", "usually", "associated", "with", "poe", "'", "s", "as", "a", "character", "assassin", ",", "although", "not", "all", "believe", "that", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "deliberately", "intended", "to", "cause", "harm", ".", "some", "of", "the", "information", "that", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "asserted", "or", "implied", "was", "that", "poe", "was", "expelled", "from", "the", "university", "of", "virginia", "and", "that", "poe", "had", "tried", "to", "seduce", "his", "guardian", "john", "allan", "'", "s", "second", "wife", ".", "even", "so", ",", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "attempts", "only", "drew", "attention", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "work", ";", "readers", "were", "thrilled", "at", "the", "idea", "of", "reading", "the", "works", "of", "an", "\"", "evil", "\"", "man" ]
853,169
and every man who sets himself up as a literary executor, owe the dead ". today griswold's name is usually associated with poe's as a character assassin, although not all believe that griswold deliberately intended to cause harm. some of the information that griswold asserted or implied was that poe was expelled from the university of virginia and that poe had tried to seduce his guardian john allan's second wife. even so, griswold's attempts only drew attention to poe's work ; readers were thrilled at the idea of reading the works of an " evil " man
52
[ "his", "current", "monument", "was", "erected", ".", "the", "same", "man", "who", "served", "as", "sex", "##ton", "during", "poe", "'", "s", "original", "burial", "and", "his", "ex", "##hum", "##ations", "and", "re", "##bu", "##rial", "##s", "was", "also", "present", "at", "the", "rites", "which", "brought", "his", "body", "to", "rest", "with", "virginia", "and", "virginia", "'", "s", "mother", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", ".", "=", "=", "effect", "and", "influence", "on", "poe", "=", "=", "virginia", "'", "s", "death", "had", "a", "significant", "effect", "on", "poe", ".", "after", "her", "death", ",", "poe", "was", "deeply", "sad", "##dened", "for", "several", "months", ".", "a", "friend", "said", "of", "him", ",", "\"", "the", "loss", "of", "his", "wife", "was", "a", "sad", "blow", "to", "him", ".", "he", "did", "not", "seem", "to", "care", ",", "after", "she", "was", "gone", ",", "whether", "he", "lived", "an", "hour", ",", "a", "day", ",", "a" ]
116,710
his current monument was erected. the same man who served as sexton during poe's original burial and his exhumations and reburials was also present at the rites which brought his body to rest with virginia and virginia's mother maria clemm. = = effect and influence on poe = = virginia's death had a significant effect on poe. after her death, poe was deeply saddened for several months. a friend said of him, " the loss of his wife was a sad blow to him. he did not seem to care, after she was gone, whether he lived an hour, a day, a
52
[ "and", "vin", "##dict", "##ive", "and", ",", "while", "visiting", "the", "poe", "household", "in", "late", "january", "1846", ",", "she", "saw", "one", "of", "os", "##good", "'", "s", "personal", "letters", "to", "poe", ".", "according", "to", "elle", "##t", ",", "virginia", "pointed", "out", "\"", "fearful", "paragraph", "##s", "\"", "in", "os", "##good", "'", "s", "letter", ".", "elle", "##t", "contacted", "os", "##good", "and", "suggested", "she", "should", "be", "##ware", "of", "her", "ind", "##is", "##cre", "##tions", "and", "asked", "poe", "to", "return", "her", "letters", ",", "motivated", "either", "by", "jealousy", "or", "by", "a", "desire", "to", "cause", "scandal", ".", "os", "##good", "then", "sent", "margaret", "fuller", "and", "anne", "lynch", "bot", "##ta", "to", "ask", "poe", "on", "her", "behalf", "to", "return", "the", "letters", ".", "angered", "by", "their", "interference", ",", "poe", "called", "them", "\"", "busy", "@", "-", "@", "bodies", "\"", "and", "said", "that", "elle", "##t" ]
116,690
and vindictive and, while visiting the poe household in late january 1846, she saw one of osgood's personal letters to poe. according to ellet, virginia pointed out " fearful paragraphs " in osgood's letter. ellet contacted osgood and suggested she should beware of her indiscretions and asked poe to return her letters, motivated either by jealousy or by a desire to cause scandal. osgood then sent margaret fuller and anne lynch botta to ask poe on her behalf to return the letters. angered by their interference, poe called them " busy @ - @ bodies " and said that ellet
52
[ "version", "two", "years", "later", ",", "marking", "poe", "'", "s", "literary", "debut", "in", "that", "country", ".", "in", "1856", ",", "charles", "ba", "##ude", "##lai", "##re", "published", "his", "translation", "of", "the", "tale", "in", "the", "first", "volume", "of", "histoire", "##s", "extra", "##ord", "##ina", "##ire", "##s", ".", "ba", "##ude", "##lai", "##re", "was", "very", "influential", "in", "introducing", "poe", "'", "s", "work", "to", "europe", "and", "his", "translations", "became", "the", "definitive", "rendition", "##s", "throughout", "the", "continent", ".", "=", "=", "influence", "=", "=", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "inspired", "robert", "louis", "stevenson", "in", "his", "novel", "about", "treasure", "@", "-", "@", "hunting", ",", "treasure", "island", "(", "1883", ")", ".", "stevenson", "acknowledged", "this", "influence", ":", "\"", "i", "broke", "into", "the", "gallery", "of", "mr", ".", "poe", ".", ".", ".", "no", "doubt", "the", "skeleton", "[", "in", "my", "novel" ]
481,966
version two years later, marking poe's literary debut in that country. in 1856, charles baudelaire published his translation of the tale in the first volume of histoires extraordinaires. baudelaire was very influential in introducing poe's work to europe and his translations became the definitive renditions throughout the continent. = = influence = = " the gold @ - @ bug " inspired robert louis stevenson in his novel about treasure @ - @ hunting, treasure island ( 1883 ). stevenson acknowledged this influence : " i broke into the gallery of mr. poe... no doubt the skeleton [ in my novel
52
[ "and", "report", "all", "wrong", "##do", "##ing", "to", "the", "faculty", ".", "the", "unique", "system", "was", "still", "in", "chaos", ",", "and", "there", "was", "a", "high", "drop", "##out", "rate", ".", "during", "his", "time", "there", ",", "poe", "lost", "touch", "with", "roy", "##ster", "and", "also", "became", "estranged", "from", "his", "foster", "father", "over", "gambling", "debts", ".", "poe", "claimed", "that", "allan", "had", "not", "given", "him", "sufficient", "money", "to", "register", "for", "classes", ",", "purchase", "texts", ",", "and", "pro", "##cure", "and", "fur", "##nish", "a", "dormitory", ".", "allan", "did", "send", "additional", "money", "and", "clothes", ",", "but", "poe", "'", "s", "debts", "increased", ".", "poe", "gave", "up", "on", "the", "university", "after", "a", "year", ",", "not", "feeling", "welcome", "in", "richmond", ",", "especially", "when", "he", "learned", "that", "his", "sweetheart", "roy", "##ster", "had", "married", "alexander", "shelton", ".", "he", "traveled", "to", "boston", "in", "april" ]
623,090
and report all wrongdoing to the faculty. the unique system was still in chaos, and there was a high dropout rate. during his time there, poe lost touch with royster and also became estranged from his foster father over gambling debts. poe claimed that allan had not given him sufficient money to register for classes, purchase texts, and procure and furnish a dormitory. allan did send additional money and clothes, but poe's debts increased. poe gave up on the university after a year, not feeling welcome in richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart royster had married alexander shelton. he traveled to boston in april
52
[ "'", "s", "death", "include", "suicide", ",", "murder", ",", "cholera", ",", "h", "##yp", "##og", "##ly", "##ce", "##mia", ",", "ra", "##bies", ",", "sy", "##phi", "##lis", ",", "influenza", ",", "and", "that", "poe", "was", "a", "victim", "of", "coop", "##ing", ".", "evidence", "of", "the", "influence", "of", "alcohol", "is", "strongly", "disputed", ".", "after", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ",", "rufus", "wil", "##mot", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "wrote", "his", "obituary", "under", "the", "pseudonym", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "who", "became", "the", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "estate", ",", "was", "actually", "a", "rival", "of", "poe", "and", "later", "published", "his", "first", "full", "biography", ",", "depicting", "him", "as", "a", "de", "##pr", "##ave", "##d", ",", "drunk", ",", "drug", "@", "-", "@", "add", "##led", "madman", ".", "much", "of", "the", "evidence", "for", "this", "image" ]
141,072
' s death include suicide, murder, cholera, hypoglycemia, rabies, syphilis, influenza, and that poe was a victim of cooping. evidence of the influence of alcohol is strongly disputed. after poe's death, rufus wilmot griswold wrote his obituary under the pseudonym " ludwig ". griswold, who became the literary executor of poe's estate, was actually a rival of poe and later published his first full biography, depicting him as a depraved, drunk, drug @ - @ addled madman. much of the evidence for this image
52
[ "the", "rites", "that", "brought", "his", "body", "to", "rest", "with", "virginia", "and", "virginia", "'", "s", "mother", ",", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", ".", "=", "=", "posthumous", "character", "assassination", "=", "=", "on", "october", "9", ",", "the", "day", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "burial", ",", "an", "obituary", "appeared", "in", "the", "\"", "new", "york", "tribune", "\"", ".", "signed", "only", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", ",", "the", "obituary", "fl", "##ori", "##dly", "alternate", "##d", "between", "praising", "the", "dead", "author", "'", "s", "abilities", "and", "el", "##o", "##que", "##nce", "and", "damn", "##ing", "his", "temperament", "and", "ambition", ".", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", "said", "that", "\"", "literary", "art", "lost", "one", "of", "its", "most", "brilliant", ",", "but", "erratic", "stars", "\"", "but", "also", "claimed", "poe", "was", "known", "for", "walking", "the", "streets", "in", "del", "##iri", "##um", ",", "muttering", "to", "himself", "and", "claimed", "poe", "was", "excessive", "##ly" ]
141,097
the rites that brought his body to rest with virginia and virginia's mother, maria clemm. = = posthumous character assassination = = on october 9, the day of poe's burial, an obituary appeared in the " new york tribune ". signed only " ludwig ", the obituary floridly alternated between praising the dead author's abilities and eloquence and damning his temperament and ambition. " ludwig " said that " literary art lost one of its most brilliant, but erratic stars " but also claimed poe was known for walking the streets in delirium, muttering to himself and claimed poe was excessively
52
[ "poe", "works", ".", "13", "west", "range", "is", "the", "dorm", "room", "that", "poe", "is", "believed", "to", "have", "used", "while", "studying", "at", "the", "university", "of", "virginia", "in", "1826", ";", "it", "is", "preserved", "and", "available", "for", "visits", ".", "its", "up", "##kee", "##p", "is", "now", "overseen", "by", "a", "group", "of", "students", "and", "staff", "known", "as", "the", "raven", "society", ".", "the", "earliest", "surviving", "home", "in", "which", "poe", "lived", "is", "in", "baltimore", ",", "preserved", "as", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "house", "and", "museum", ".", "poe", "is", "believed", "to", "have", "lived", "in", "the", "home", "at", "the", "age", "of", "23", "when", "he", "first", "lived", "with", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", "and", "virginia", "(", "as", "well", "as", "his", "grandmother", "and", "possibly", "his", "brother", "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", ")", ".", "it", "is", "open", "to", "the", "public", "and", "is", "also", "the" ]
623,126
poe works. 13 west range is the dorm room that poe is believed to have used while studying at the university of virginia in 1826 ; it is preserved and available for visits. its upkeep is now overseen by a group of students and staff known as the raven society. the earliest surviving home in which poe lived is in baltimore, preserved as the edgar allan poe house and museum. poe is believed to have lived in the home at the age of 23 when he first lived with maria clemm and virginia ( as well as his grandmother and possibly his brother william henry leonard poe ). it is open to the public and is also the
52
[ "praise", ",", "but", "criticism", "as", "well", ".", "this", "is", "partly", "because", "of", "the", "negative", "perception", "of", "his", "personal", "character", "and", "its", "influence", "upon", "his", "reputation", ".", "william", "butler", "ye", "##ats", "was", "occasionally", "critical", "of", "poe", "and", "once", "called", "him", "\"", "vulgar", "\"", ".", "trans", "##cend", "##ental", "##ist", "ralph", "waldo", "emerson", "reacted", "to", "\"", "the", "raven", "\"", "by", "saying", ",", "\"", "i", "see", "nothing", "in", "it", "\"", ",", "and", "der", "##isi", "##vel", "##y", "referred", "to", "poe", "as", "\"", "the", "jingle", "man", "\"", ".", "aldo", "##us", "hu", "##xley", "wrote", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "writing", "\"", "falls", "into", "vulgar", "##ity", "\"", "by", "being", "\"", "too", "poetic", "##al", "\"", "β€”", "the", "equivalent", "of", "wearing", "a", "diamond", "ring", "on", "every", "finger", ".", "it", "is", "believed", "that", "only", "12", "copies", "have", "survived", "of", "poe" ]
623,120
praise, but criticism as well. this is partly because of the negative perception of his personal character and its influence upon his reputation. william butler yeats was occasionally critical of poe and once called him " vulgar ". transcendentalist ralph waldo emerson reacted to " the raven " by saying, " i see nothing in it ", and derisively referred to poe as " the jingle man ". aldous huxley wrote that poe's writing " falls into vulgarity " by being " too poetical " β€” the equivalent of wearing a diamond ring on every finger. it is believed that only 12 copies have survived of poe
52
[ "poe", "deeply", "admired", ".", "the", "scene", "where", "p", "##ym", "disguise", "##s", "himself", "from", "his", "grandfather", "while", "noting", "that", "he", "intends", "to", "inherit", "wealth", "from", "him", "also", "indicates", "a", "desire", "for", "poe", "to", "free", "himself", "from", "family", "obligation", "and", ",", "specifically", ",", "sc", "##orn", "##ing", "the", "pat", "##rim", "##ony", "of", "his", "foster", "@", "-", "@", "father", "john", "allan", ".", "dates", "are", "also", "relevant", "to", "this", "autobiographical", "reading", ".", "according", "to", "the", "text", ",", "p", "##ym", "arrives", "at", "the", "island", "of", "ts", "##ala", "##l", "on", "january", "19", "β€”", "poe", "'", "s", "birthday", ".", "scholars", ",", "including", "burton", "r", ".", "poll", "##in", "and", "richard", "wilbur", ",", "suggest", "that", "the", "character", "of", "augustus", "was", "based", "on", "poe", "'", "s", "childhood", "friend", "e", "##ben", "##ezer", "bu", "##rling", "or", "on", "poe", "'", "s", "brother" ]
606,643
poe deeply admired. the scene where pym disguises himself from his grandfather while noting that he intends to inherit wealth from him also indicates a desire for poe to free himself from family obligation and, specifically, scorning the patrimony of his foster @ - @ father john allan. dates are also relevant to this autobiographical reading. according to the text, pym arrives at the island of tsalal on january 19 β€” poe's birthday. scholars, including burton r. pollin and richard wilbur, suggest that the character of augustus was based on poe's childhood friend ebenezer burling or on poe's brother
52
[ "not", "bow", "slightly", "as", "he", "had", "for", "other", "state", "governors", ".", "later", "that", "day", ",", "for", "##aker", "led", "a", "troop", "of", "grand", "army", "of", "the", "republic", "veterans", "past", "cleveland", "'", "s", "reviewing", "stand", "in", "another", "parade", ",", "bearing", "an", "array", "of", "captured", "battle", "flags", ".", "until", "mid", "@", "-", "@", "1888", ",", "for", "##aker", "had", "the", "enthusiastic", "support", "of", "hanna", ",", "who", ",", "while", "still", "boost", "##ing", "john", "sherman", "for", "president", ",", "was", "a", "generous", "contributor", "to", "the", "governor", "'", "s", "1885", "and", "1887", "campaigns", ".", "hanna", "hoped", "to", "be", "able", "to", "di", "##sp", "##ense", "patronage", "in", "northern", "ohio", ".", "according", "to", "hanna", "biographer", "william", "t", ".", "horne", "##r", ",", "however", ",", "\"", "unfortunately", "for", "hanna", ",", "for", "##aker", "largely", "refused", "to", "grant", "hanna", "the", "authority", "that", "by" ]
528,358
not bow slightly as he had for other state governors. later that day, foraker led a troop of grand army of the republic veterans past cleveland's reviewing stand in another parade, bearing an array of captured battle flags. until mid @ - @ 1888, foraker had the enthusiastic support of hanna, who, while still boosting john sherman for president, was a generous contributor to the governor's 1885 and 1887 campaigns. hanna hoped to be able to dispense patronage in northern ohio. according to hanna biographer william t. horner, however, " unfortunately for hanna, foraker largely refused to grant hanna the authority that by
555
[ "millionaire", "##s", ".", "=", "=", "=", "rivalry", "with", "hanna", "=", "=", "=", "during", "the", "1896", "campaign", ",", "hanna", "served", "as", "chairman", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", ",", "in", "charge", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", ",", "and", "obtained", "millions", "for", "his", "presidential", "candidate", "by", "sol", "##ici", "##ting", "donations", "from", "wealthy", "businessmen", ".", "after", "the", "november", "election", ",", "for", "##aker", "met", "with", "hanna", "and", "was", "surprised", "to", "learn", "that", "president", "@", "-", "@", "elect", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "planned", "that", "sherman", "would", "be", "appointed", "secretary", "of", "state", "and", "that", "the", "industrialist", "would", "take", "sherman", "'", "s", "place", "in", "the", "senate", ".", "for", "##aker", "objected", "to", "both", "components", "of", "this", "plan", ",", "feeling", "that", "hanna", "was", "not", "qualified", "as", "a", "legislator", ",", "and", "that", "sherman", ",", "whose", "faculties", "were", "starting", "to", "fail" ]
528,383
millionaires. = = = rivalry with hanna = = = during the 1896 campaign, hanna served as chairman of the republican national committee, in charge of mckinley's campaign, and obtained millions for his presidential candidate by soliciting donations from wealthy businessmen. after the november election, foraker met with hanna and was surprised to learn that president @ - @ elect mckinley and hanna planned that sherman would be appointed secretary of state and that the industrialist would take sherman's place in the senate. foraker objected to both components of this plan, feeling that hanna was not qualified as a legislator, and that sherman, whose faculties were starting to fail
555
[ "the", "ohio", "##an", "was", "not", "successful", "everywhere", ";", "iowa", "remained", "loyal", "##ly", "behind", "allison", ",", "morton", "won", "a", "majority", "of", "the", "new", "york", "delegation", ",", "and", "the", "bosses", "were", "successful", "in", "denying", "mckinley", "in", "new", "mexico", "territory", "and", "oklahoma", "territory", ".", "the", "contest", "was", "still", "und", "##eter", "##mined", "going", "into", "the", "april", "29", "illinois", "state", "convention", ",", "with", "the", "mckinley", "forces", "led", "by", "da", "##wes", "against", "the", "local", "bosses", ".", "mckinley", "gained", "most", "of", "illinois", "'", "delegates", ",", "giving", "him", "a", "sizable", "lead", ",", "and", "influencing", "remaining", "state", "conventions", "to", "jump", "on", "his", "band", "##wa", "##gon", ".", "mckinley", "remained", "well", "ahead", "when", "the", "state", "conventions", "concluded", ",", "leaving", "his", "opponents", "'", "only", "hope", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", "(", "rn", "##c", ")", ",", "which", "would", "make", "initial", "ruling", "##s" ]
830,640
the ohioan was not successful everywhere ; iowa remained loyally behind allison, morton won a majority of the new york delegation, and the bosses were successful in denying mckinley in new mexico territory and oklahoma territory. the contest was still undetermined going into the april 29 illinois state convention, with the mckinley forces led by dawes against the local bosses. mckinley gained most of illinois'delegates, giving him a sizable lead, and influencing remaining state conventions to jump on his bandwagon. mckinley remained well ahead when the state conventions concluded, leaving his opponents'only hope the republican national committee ( rnc ), which would make initial rulings
555
[ "a", ".", "arthur", ",", "garfield", "'", "s", "successor", ",", "was", "seeking", "re", "@", "-", "@", "nomination", ",", "but", "was", "opposed", "by", "a", "number", "of", "other", "republicans", "hanna", "supported", "sherman", "as", "the", "candidate", "favored", "the", "gold", "standard", "and", "worked", "to", "solve", "the", "problems", "of", "business", ",", "and", "because", "he", "was", "from", "ohio", ".", "the", "industrialist", "was", "successfully", "opposed", "by", "cow", "##les", "at", "the", "local", "convention", ",", "but", "was", "elected", "a", "delegate", "at", "@", "-", "@", "large", "from", "ohio", "at", "the", "state", "convention", ".", "at", "the", "national", "convention", ",", "hanna", "joined", "forces", "in", "support", "of", "sherman", "with", "another", "delegate", "at", "@", "-", "@", "large", "from", "ohio", ",", "former", "cincinnati", "judge", "joseph", "b", ".", "for", "##aker", ",", "whose", "rise", "in", "state", "and", "national", "politics", "over", "the", "next", "20", "years", "would", "parallel" ]
436,346
a. arthur, garfield's successor, was seeking re @ - @ nomination, but was opposed by a number of other republicans hanna supported sherman as the candidate favored the gold standard and worked to solve the problems of business, and because he was from ohio. the industrialist was successfully opposed by cowles at the local convention, but was elected a delegate at @ - @ large from ohio at the state convention. at the national convention, hanna joined forces in support of sherman with another delegate at @ - @ large from ohio, former cincinnati judge joseph b. foraker, whose rise in state and national politics over the next 20 years would parallel
555
[ "to", "guarantee", "mckinley", "'", "s", "nomination", "in", "exchange", "for", "promises", "regarding", "patronage", "and", "offices", ".", "mckinley", ",", "however", ",", "was", "determined", "to", "obtain", "the", "nomination", "without", "making", "deals", ",", "and", "hanna", "accepted", "that", "decision", ".", "many", "of", "their", "early", "efforts", "were", "focused", "on", "the", "south", ";", "hanna", "obtained", "a", "vacation", "home", "in", "southern", "georgia", "where", "mckinley", "visited", "and", "met", "with", "republican", "politicians", "from", "the", "region", ".", "mckinley", "needed", "45", "##3", "Β½", "delegate", "votes", "to", "gain", "the", "nomination", ";", "he", "gained", "nearly", "half", "that", "number", "from", "the", "south", "and", "border", "states", ".", "platt", "lame", "##nted", "in", "his", "memoirs", ",", "\"", "[", "hanna", "]", "had", "the", "south", "practically", "solid", "before", "some", "of", "us", "awakened", ".", "\"", "the", "bosses", "still", "hoped", "to", "deny", "mckinley", "a", "first", "@", "-", "@", "ballot", "majority" ]
382,332
to guarantee mckinley's nomination in exchange for promises regarding patronage and offices. mckinley, however, was determined to obtain the nomination without making deals, and hanna accepted that decision. many of their early efforts were focused on the south ; hanna obtained a vacation home in southern georgia where mckinley visited and met with republican politicians from the region. mckinley needed 453 Β½ delegate votes to gain the nomination ; he gained nearly half that number from the south and border states. platt lamented in his memoirs, " [ hanna ] had the south practically solid before some of us awakened. " the bosses still hoped to deny mckinley a first @ - @ ballot majority
555
[ ".", "president", "mckinley", "did", "his", "best", "to", "help", "hanna", ",", "sending", "a", "letter", "to", "one", "republican", "whose", "vote", "was", "doubtful", ",", "delivered", "by", "a", "soldier", ".", "on", "january", "9", ",", "newspapers", "printed", "allegations", "that", "hanna", "had", "arranged", "to", "bribe", "john", "otis", ",", "one", "of", "the", "silver", "republicans", "from", "cincinnati", ".", "otis", "alleged", "that", "he", "was", "offered", "$", "10", "@", ",", "@", "000", "and", "was", "actually", "paid", "$", "1", "@", ",", "@", "750", ".", "the", "individual", "said", "to", "have", "offered", "the", "money", ",", "a", "new", "yorker", "named", "henry", "h", ".", "boy", "##ce", ",", "had", "met", "with", "hanna", "adviser", "este", "##s", "rat", "##h", "##bone", "at", "least", "twice", ".", "boy", "##ce", "denied", "trying", "to", "bribe", "otis", ",", "though", "he", "did", "admit", "to", "giving", "a", "retain", "##er", "payment", "to", "otis", "'", "s" ]
316,387
. president mckinley did his best to help hanna, sending a letter to one republican whose vote was doubtful, delivered by a soldier. on january 9, newspapers printed allegations that hanna had arranged to bribe john otis, one of the silver republicans from cincinnati. otis alleged that he was offered $ 10 @, @ 000 and was actually paid $ 1 @, @ 750. the individual said to have offered the money, a new yorker named henry h. boyce, had met with hanna adviser estes rathbone at least twice. boyce denied trying to bribe otis, though he did admit to giving a retainer payment to otis's
555
[ ";", "he", "was", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", "by", "the", "ohio", "general", "assembly", "in", "1898", "and", "1904", ".", "after", "mckinley", "'", "s", "assassination", "in", "1901", ",", "senator", "hanna", "worked", "for", "the", "building", "of", "a", "canal", "in", "panama", ",", "rather", "than", "elsewhere", "in", "central", "america", ",", "as", "had", "previously", "been", "proposed", ".", "he", "died", "in", "1904", ",", "and", "is", "remembered", "for", "his", "role", "in", "mckinley", "'", "s", "election", ",", "thanks", "to", "savage", "cartoons", "by", "such", "illustrator", "##s", "as", "homer", "davenport", ",", "who", "lamp", "##oon", "##ed", "him", "as", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "master", ".", "=", "=", "early", "life", "and", "business", "career", "=", "=", "marcus", "al", "##onzo", "hanna", "was", "born", "on", "september", "24", ",", "1837", ",", "in", "new", "lisbon", "(", "in", "1895", "renamed", "lisbon", ")", ",", "ohio", ",", "to", "dr", "." ]
436,330
; he was re @ - @ elected by the ohio general assembly in 1898 and 1904. after mckinley's assassination in 1901, senator hanna worked for the building of a canal in panama, rather than elsewhere in central america, as had previously been proposed. he died in 1904, and is remembered for his role in mckinley's election, thanks to savage cartoons by such illustrators as homer davenport, who lampooned him as mckinley's political master. = = early life and business career = = marcus alonzo hanna was born on september 24, 1837, in new lisbon ( in 1895 renamed lisbon ), ohio, to dr.
555
[ "lawn", ",", "\"", "i", "do", "not", "know", "what", "you", "think", "about", "it", ",", "but", "i", "believe", "it", "is", "a", "good", "deal", "better", "to", "open", "the", "mills", "of", "the", "united", "states", "to", "the", "labor", "of", "america", "than", "to", "open", "the", "mint", "##s", "of", "the", "united", "states", "to", "the", "silver", "of", "the", "world", ".", "\"", "during", "the", "campaign", ",", "the", "democratic", "newspapers", ",", "especially", "the", "papers", "owned", "by", "hearst", ",", "attacked", "hanna", "for", "his", "supposed", "role", "as", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "master", ".", "the", "articles", "and", "cartoons", "have", "contributed", "to", "a", "lasting", "popular", "belief", "that", "mckinley", "was", "not", "his", "own", "man", ",", "but", "that", "he", "was", "effectively", "owned", "by", "the", "corporations", ",", "through", "hanna", ".", "homer", "davenport", "'", "s", "cartoons", "for", "the", "hearst", "papers", "were", "especially", "effective", "in", "mold", "##ing" ]
436,387
lawn, " i don't know what you think about it, but i believe it is a good deal better to open the mills of the united states to the labor of america than to open the mints of the united states to the silver of the world. " during the campaign, the democratic newspapers, especially the papers owned by hearst, attacked hanna for his supposed role as mckinley's political master. the articles and cartoons have contributed to a lasting popular belief that mckinley was not his own man, but that he was effectively owned by the corporations, through hanna. homer davenport's cartoons for the hearst papers were especially effective in molding
555
[ "attention", "when", "he", "wrote", ",", "\"", "hanna", "and", "the", "others", "will", "shuffle", "and", "deal", "him", "like", "a", "pack", "of", "cards", ".", "\"", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ",", "the", "bosses", "again", "tried", "to", "secure", "political", "favors", "in", "exchange", "for", "their", "support", ";", "with", "little", "need", "to", "deal", ",", "hanna", ",", "backed", "by", "mckinley", "via", "telephone", "from", "canton", ",", "refused", ".", "mckinley", "was", "nominated", "easily", ".", "to", "balance", "the", "ticket", ",", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "selected", "new", "jersey", "party", "official", "and", "former", "state", "legislator", "ga", "##rret", "hobart", ",", "an", "eastern", "##er", ",", "as", "vice", "@", "-", "@", "presidential", "candidate", ".", "the", "convention", "duly", "nominated", "hobart", ";", "hanna", "was", "elected", "chairman", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", "for", "the", "next", "four", "years", ".", "=", "=", "=", "currency", "question", ";", "democratic", "nomination", "=", "=" ]
436,375
attention when he wrote, " hanna and the others will shuffle and deal him like a pack of cards. " in st. louis, the bosses again tried to secure political favors in exchange for their support ; with little need to deal, hanna, backed by mckinley via telephone from canton, refused. mckinley was nominated easily. to balance the ticket, mckinley and hanna selected new jersey party official and former state legislator garret hobart, an easterner, as vice @ - @ presidential candidate. the convention duly nominated hobart ; hanna was elected chairman of the republican national committee for the next four years. = = = currency question ; democratic nomination = =
555
[ "1892", ",", "and", "as", "much", "as", "ten", "times", "what", "bryan", "may", "have", "had", "to", "spend", ".", "da", "##wes", "'", "figure", "did", "not", "include", "fundraising", "by", "state", "and", "local", "committees", ",", "nor", "in", "@", "-", "@", "kind", "donations", "such", "as", "railroad", "fare", "discount", "##s", ",", "which", "were", "heavily", "sub", "##si", "##di", "##zed", "for", "republican", "political", "travelers", ".", "estimates", "of", "what", "republicans", "may", "have", "raised", "in", "total", "have", "ranged", "as", "high", "as", "$", "16", "@", ".", "@", "5", "million", ".", "from", "his", "house", "on", "north", "market", "street", "in", "canton", ",", "mckinley", "ran", "his", "campaign", ",", "with", "telephone", "and", "telegraph", "at", "his", "disposal", ".", "hanna", "was", "busy", "meeting", "with", "executives", "to", "extract", "funds", ",", "and", "delegate", "##d", "much", "of", "the", "day", "@", "-", "@", "to", "@", "-", "@", "day", "policy", "##making" ]
830,657
1892, and as much as ten times what bryan may have had to spend. dawes'figure did not include fundraising by state and local committees, nor in @ - @ kind donations such as railroad fare discounts, which were heavily subsidized for republican political travelers. estimates of what republicans may have raised in total have ranged as high as $ 16 @. @ 5 million. from his house on north market street in canton, mckinley ran his campaign, with telephone and telegraph at his disposal. hanna was busy meeting with executives to extract funds, and delegated much of the day @ - @ to @ - @ day policymaking
555
[ ",", "president", "william", "mckinley", "high", "school", ".", "den", "##ali", ",", "in", "central", "alaska", ",", "was", "named", "mount", "mckinley", "in", "support", "of", "the", "then", "newly", "mint", "##ed", "republican", "nominee", "for", "president", "until", "the", "alaska", "board", "of", "geographic", "names", "changed", "the", "name", "of", "the", "mountain", "to", "den", "##ali", "in", "1975", ",", "which", "is", "how", "it", "was", "called", "by", "locals", ".", "the", "mountain", "'", "s", "name", "was", "changed", "to", "den", "##ali", "on", "the", "federal", "level", "by", "the", "department", "of", "the", "interior", "as", "a", "part", "of", "a", "visit", "to", "alaska", "by", "president", "barack", "obama", "in", "august", "2015", ";", "its", "summit", ",", "at", "20", "@", ",", "@", "310", "feet", "(", "6", "@", ",", "@", "190", "m", ")", ",", "is", "the", "highest", "point", "in", "north", "america", ".", "similarly", ",", "until", "its", "name", "was", "changed" ]
382,396
, president william mckinley high school. denali, in central alaska, was named mount mckinley in support of the then newly minted republican nominee for president until the alaska board of geographic names changed the name of the mountain to denali in 1975, which is how it was called by locals. the mountain's name was changed to denali on the federal level by the department of the interior as a part of a visit to alaska by president barack obama in august 2015 ; its summit, at 20 @, @ 310 feet ( 6 @, @ 190 m ), is the highest point in north america. similarly, until its name was changed
555
[ "'", "s", "presidential", "bid", ",", "and", "to", "travel", "to", "new", "york", "to", "approach", "that", "state", "'", "s", "republican", "political", "boss", ",", "senator", "thomas", "c", ".", "platt", ",", "hoping", "to", "gain", "platt", "'", "s", "support", "for", "mckinley", ".", "in", "march", ",", "for", "##aker", "addressed", "the", "state", "convention", "in", "support", "of", "mckinley", "in", "a", "widely", "publicized", "speech", ".", "however", ",", "he", "was", "reluctant", "to", "be", "a", "delegate", "to", "the", "national", "convention", ",", "fearing", "that", "he", "would", "be", "blamed", "if", "anything", "went", "wrong", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "candidacy", ".", "it", "was", "only", "after", "considerable", "pro", "##dding", "from", "the", "presidential", "candidate", "that", "for", "##aker", "agreed", "to", "be", "a", "delegate", ",", "and", "to", "place", "mckinley", "'", "s", "name", "in", "nomination", ".", "mckinley", "desired", "that", "for", "##aker", "nominate", "him", "to", "show", "that", "he", "had" ]
528,380
' s presidential bid, and to travel to new york to approach that state's republican political boss, senator thomas c. platt, hoping to gain platt's support for mckinley. in march, foraker addressed the state convention in support of mckinley in a widely publicized speech. however, he was reluctant to be a delegate to the national convention, fearing that he would be blamed if anything went wrong with mckinley's candidacy. it was only after considerable prodding from the presidential candidate that foraker agreed to be a delegate, and to place mckinley's name in nomination. mckinley desired that foraker nominate him to show that he had
555
[ "southern", "republicans", ",", "including", "blacks", ".", "although", "southern", "republicans", "rarely", "had", "local", "electoral", "success", ",", "they", "elected", "a", "substantial", "number", "of", "delegates", "to", "the", "national", "convention", ".", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "hosted", "many", "southern", "republican", "leaders", "in", "thomas", "##ville", ",", "sub", "##si", "##di", "##zing", "those", "who", "did", "not", "have", "the", "money", "to", "come", ",", "and", "made", "many", "converts", ".", "the", "governor", "also", "traveled", "in", "the", "south", ";", "in", "savannah", "at", "the", "end", "of", "march", "1895", ",", "he", "became", "the", "first", "presidential", "hopeful", "in", "american", "history", "to", "address", "an", "audience", "of", "blacks", "when", "he", "spoke", "at", "an", "african", "american", "church", ".", "by", "the", "time", "he", "left", "thomas", "##ville", ",", "he", "had", "gained", "the", "support", "of", "the", "majority", "of", "likely", "southern", "delegates", ";", "platt", "wrote", "mo", "##urn", "##fully", "in", "his", "autobiography" ]
830,633
southern republicans, including blacks. although southern republicans rarely had local electoral success, they elected a substantial number of delegates to the national convention. mckinley and hanna hosted many southern republican leaders in thomasville, subsidizing those who did not have the money to come, and made many converts. the governor also traveled in the south ; in savannah at the end of march 1895, he became the first presidential hopeful in american history to address an audience of blacks when he spoke at an african american church. by the time he left thomasville, he had gained the support of the majority of likely southern delegates ; platt wrote mournfully in his autobiography
555
[ "so", "it", "is", "to", "be", "'", "senator", "hanna", "'", "for", "seven", "years", ".", "well", ",", "the", "senators", "##hip", "can", "add", "nothing", "to", "its", "holder", "'", "s", "power", "for", "evil", ".", "as", "long", "as", "hanna", "has", "his", "money", "he", "can", "control", "senators", "##hips", ",", "whether", "he", "occupies", "them", "or", "not", ".", "perhaps", "it", "is", "best", "to", "have", "him", "in", "the", "open", ".", "\"", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "\"", "had", "recognized", "that", "to", "lose", "the", "fight", "meant", "political", "death", "\"", ".", "in", "june", "1898", ",", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "and", "his", "cu", "##yah", "##oga", "county", "delegation", "were", "excluded", "from", "the", "republican", "state", "convention", "in", "favor", "of", "a", "hanna", "@", "-", "@", "backed", "delegation", ".", "hanna", "forces", "had", "lost", "at", "the", "county", "level", ",", "but", ",", "alleging", "irregularities", ",", "had", "met", "and", "sent" ]
316,398
so it is to be'senator hanna'for seven years. well, the senatorship can add nothing to its holder's power for evil. as long as hanna has his money he can control senatorships, whether he occupies them or not. perhaps it is best to have him in the open. " mckisson " had recognized that to lose the fight meant political death ". in june 1898, mckisson and his cuyahoga county delegation were excluded from the republican state convention in favor of a hanna @ - @ backed delegation. hanna forces had lost at the county level, but, alleging irregularities, had met and sent
555
[ "mckinley", "was", "also", "successful", "in", "california", "and", "oregon", ".", "mckinley", "won", "with", "7", "@", ".", "@", "1", "million", "votes", "to", "bryan", "'", "s", "6", "@", ".", "@", "5", "million", ",", "51", "%", "to", "47", "%", ".", "the", "electoral", "vote", "was", "not", "as", "close", ":", "271", "for", "mckinley", "to", "176", "for", "bryan", ".", "mckinley", "increased", "the", "republican", "vote", "by", "2", "@", ",", "@", "000", "@", ",", "@", "000", "from", "harrison", "'", "s", "defeat", "in", "1892", ",", "though", "bryan", "also", "increased", "the", "democratic", "total", ".", "bryan", "had", "hoped", "to", "sweep", "the", "rural", "vote", "and", "make", "in", "##ro", "##ads", "on", "urban", "labor", ",", "but", "he", "was", "not", "successful", ".", "mckinley", "became", "the", "first", "republican", "candidate", "to", "win", "in", "new", "york", "city", ",", "and", "won", "in", "its", "rival", "city", "of", "brooklyn", "as" ]
830,680
mckinley was also successful in california and oregon. mckinley won with 7 @. @ 1 million votes to bryan's 6 @. @ 5 million, 51 % to 47 %. the electoral vote was not as close : 271 for mckinley to 176 for bryan. mckinley increased the republican vote by 2 @, @ 000 @, @ 000 from harrison's defeat in 1892, though bryan also increased the democratic total. bryan had hoped to sweep the rural vote and make inroads on urban labor, but he was not successful. mckinley became the first republican candidate to win in new york city, and won in its rival city of brooklyn as
555
[ "the", "mine", "owners", "affected", "by", "the", "unrest", ".", "the", "militia", ",", "called", "in", "by", "governor", "rutherford", "hayes", ",", "had", "fired", "on", "the", "strikers", ",", "and", "23", "miners", "were", "arrested", "and", "put", "on", "trial", "in", "canton", ",", "ohio", ",", "the", "hometown", "of", "major", "mckinley", "(", "as", "he", "was", "often", "known", ",", "for", "his", "civil", "war", "service", ")", ".", "mckinley", "was", "hired", "to", "represent", "them", ",", "and", "only", "one", "was", "convicted", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "victory", "won", "him", "the", "gratitude", "of", "labor", "elements", "in", "both", "major", "parties", ",", "and", "he", "won", "election", "to", "congress", "later", "that", "year", ".", "hanna", "remembered", ",", "\"", "i", "became", "intimate", "with", "him", "soon", "after", "he", "entered", "congress", ",", "and", "our", "friendship", "ripe", "##ned", "with", "each", "succeeding", "year", ".", "\"", "with", "cow", "##les", "'", "en", "##mity" ]
436,350
the mine owners affected by the unrest. the militia, called in by governor rutherford hayes, had fired on the strikers, and 23 miners were arrested and put on trial in canton, ohio, the hometown of major mckinley ( as he was often known, for his civil war service ). mckinley was hired to represent them, and only one was convicted. mckinley's victory won him the gratitude of labor elements in both major parties, and he won election to congress later that year. hanna remembered, " i became intimate with him soon after he entered congress, and our friendship ripened with each succeeding year. " with cowles'enmity
555
[ "election", "was", "most", "likely", "lost", ".", "the", "1896", "presidential", "election", "was", "close", "by", "modern", "measurements", ",", "but", "less", "so", "by", "the", "standards", "of", "the", "day", ",", "which", "had", "seen", "close", "@", "-", "@", "run", "elections", "over", "the", "previous", "20", "years", ".", "mckinley", "won", "with", "7", "@", ".", "@", "1", "million", "votes", "to", "bryan", "'", "s", "6", "@", ".", "@", "5", "million", ",", "51", "%", "to", "47", "%", ".", "the", "electoral", "vote", "was", "not", "as", "close", ":", "271", "for", "mckinley", "to", "176", "for", "bryan", ".", "the", "nation", "was", "regional", "##ly", "split", ",", "with", "the", "industrial", "east", "and", "midwest", "for", "mckinley", ",", "and", "with", "bryan", "carrying", "the", "solid", "south", "and", "the", "silver", "stronghold", "##s", "of", "the", "rocky", "mountain", "states", ".", "mckinley", "did", "well", "in", "the", "border", "states", "of", "maryland", "," ]
263,883
election was most likely lost. the 1896 presidential election was close by modern measurements, but less so by the standards of the day, which had seen close @ - @ run elections over the previous 20 years. mckinley won with 7 @. @ 1 million votes to bryan's 6 @. @ 5 million, 51 % to 47 %. the electoral vote was not as close : 271 for mckinley to 176 for bryan. the nation was regionally split, with the industrial east and midwest for mckinley, and with bryan carrying the solid south and the silver strongholds of the rocky mountain states. mckinley did well in the border states of maryland,
555
[ "of", "congress", ".", "hay", "contributed", "funds", "to", "harrison", "'", "s", "unsuccessful", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "effort", ",", "in", "part", "because", "reid", "had", "been", "made", "harrison", "'", "s", "1892", "running", "mate", ".", "hay", "was", "an", "early", "supporter", "of", "ohio", "'", "s", "william", "mckinley", ",", "and", "worked", "closely", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "manager", ",", "cleveland", "industrialist", "mark", "hanna", ".", "in", "1889", ",", "hay", "supported", "mckinley", "in", "his", "unsuccessful", "effort", "to", "become", "speaker", "of", "the", "house", ".", "four", "years", "later", ",", "mckinley", "β€”", "by", "then", "governor", "of", "ohio", "β€”", "faced", "a", "crisis", "when", "a", "friend", "whose", "notes", "he", "had", "imp", "##rud", "##ently", "co", "@", "-", "@", "signed", "went", "bankrupt", "during", "the", "panic", "of", "1893", ".", "the", "debts", "were", "beyond", "the", "governor", "'", "s", "means", "to", "pay", ",", "and", "the" ]
148,220
of congress. hay contributed funds to harrison's unsuccessful re @ - @ election effort, in part because reid had been made harrison's 1892 running mate. hay was an early supporter of ohio's william mckinley, and worked closely with mckinley's political manager, cleveland industrialist mark hanna. in 1889, hay supported mckinley in his unsuccessful effort to become speaker of the house. four years later, mckinley β€” by then governor of ohio β€” faced a crisis when a friend whose notes he had imprudently co @ - @ signed went bankrupt during the panic of 1893. the debts were beyond the governor's means to pay, and the
555
[ "his", "supporters", ",", "including", "cleveland", "publisher", "dan", "r", ".", "hanna", "(", "son", "of", "the", "late", "senator", ")", ",", "had", "no", "such", "sc", "##rup", "##les", ".", "harding", "won", "the", "primary", "with", "88", "@", ",", "@", "540", "votes", "to", "76", "@", ",", "@", "81", "##7", "for", "for", "##aker", "and", "52", "@", ",", "@", "237", "for", "cole", ",", "and", "subsequently", "won", "the", "general", "election", ".", "harding", "sent", "for", "##aker", "a", "letter", "regret", "##ting", "the", "primary", "result", ",", "but", "for", "##aker", "was", "more", "bitter", "towards", "the", "electorate", ",", "feeling", "they", "returned", "ing", "##rat", "##itude", "for", "his", "previous", "public", "service", ".", "with", "his", "political", "career", "at", "an", "end", ",", "for", "##aker", "began", "work", "on", "his", "memoirs", ",", "notes", "of", "a", "busy", "life", ",", "published", "in", "1916", ".", "roosevelt", ",", "after", "reading", "for", "##aker" ]
528,419
his supporters, including cleveland publisher dan r. hanna ( son of the late senator ), had no such scruples. harding won the primary with 88 @, @ 540 votes to 76 @, @ 817 for foraker and 52 @, @ 237 for cole, and subsequently won the general election. harding sent foraker a letter regretting the primary result, but foraker was more bitter towards the electorate, feeling they returned ingratitude for his previous public service. with his political career at an end, foraker began work on his memoirs, notes of a busy life, published in 1916. roosevelt, after reading foraker
555
[ "3", "pm", ",", "unseen", "by", "the", "dying", "man", ".", "at", "6", ":", "30", "pm", ",", "senator", "hanna", "died", ",", "and", "the", "crowd", "of", "congressional", "colleagues", ",", "government", "officials", ",", "and", "diplomats", "who", "had", "gathered", "in", "the", "lobby", "of", "the", "arlington", "left", "the", "hotel", ",", "many", "sobbing", ".", "roosevelt", "biographer", "edmund", "morris", "noted", "hanna", "'", "s", "achievement", "in", "industry", "and", "in", "politics", ",", "\"", "he", "had", "not", "done", "badly", "in", "either", "field", ";", "he", "had", "made", "seven", "million", "dollars", ",", "and", "a", "president", "of", "the", "united", "states", ".", "\"", "=", "=", "views", "and", "legacy", "=", "=", "according", "to", "professor", "gerald", "w", ".", "wolff", ",", "\"", "the", "one", "solid", "absolute", "in", "[", "hanna", "'", "s", "]", "life", "was", "a", "profound", "belief", "in", "the", "living", "standard", "capitalism", "had", "brought", "to", "america" ]
436,439
3 pm, unseen by the dying man. at 6 : 30 pm, senator hanna died, and the crowd of congressional colleagues, government officials, and diplomats who had gathered in the lobby of the arlington left the hotel, many sobbing. roosevelt biographer edmund morris noted hanna's achievement in industry and in politics, " he had not done badly in either field ; he had made seven million dollars, and a president of the united states. " = = views and legacy = = according to professor gerald w. wolff, " the one solid absolute in [ hanna's ] life was a profound belief in the living standard capitalism had brought to america
555
[ "they", "broke", "the", "enemy", "lines", "and", "pursued", "them", "farther", "south", ".", "they", "followed", "up", "the", "victory", "with", "another", "at", "fisher", "'", "s", "hill", "on", "september", "22", ",", "and", "were", "engaged", "once", "more", "at", "cedar", "creek", "on", "october", "19", ".", "after", "initially", "falling", "back", "from", "the", "confederate", "advance", ",", "mckinley", "helped", "to", "rally", "the", "troops", "and", "turn", "the", "tide", "of", "the", "battle", ".", "after", "cedar", "creek", ",", "the", "army", "stayed", "in", "the", "vicinity", "through", "election", "day", ",", "when", "mckinley", "cast", "his", "first", "presidential", "ballot", ",", "for", "the", "incumbent", "republican", ",", "abraham", "lincoln", ".", "the", "next", "day", ",", "they", "moved", "north", "up", "the", "valley", "into", "winter", "quarters", "near", "kern", "##stown", ".", "in", "february", "1865", ",", "crook", "was", "captured", "by", "confederate", "raiders", ".", "crook", "'", "s", "capture", "added", "to", "the", "confusion" ]
382,301
they broke the enemy lines and pursued them farther south. they followed up the victory with another at fisher's hill on september 22, and were engaged once more at cedar creek on october 19. after initially falling back from the confederate advance, mckinley helped to rally the troops and turn the tide of the battle. after cedar creek, the army stayed in the vicinity through election day, when mckinley cast his first presidential ballot, for the incumbent republican, abraham lincoln. the next day, they moved north up the valley into winter quarters near kernstown. in february 1865, crook was captured by confederate raiders. crook's capture added to the confusion
555
[ "journal", ",", "\"", "the", "senator", "doubt", "##less", "feels", "that", "if", "anyone", "has", "the", "right", "to", "make", "himself", "at", "home", "in", "the", "white", "house", "he", "is", "the", "man", "\"", ".", "hanna", "soon", "moved", "into", "the", "arlington", "hotel", ",", "close", "to", "the", "white", "house", ",", "where", "he", "occupied", "a", "large", "suite", ".", "after", "the", "death", "of", "vice", "president", "hobart", "in", "november", "1899", ",", "hanna", "took", "over", "the", "lease", "on", "his", "house", "on", "lafayette", "square", ",", "across", "pennsylvania", "avenue", "from", "the", "white", "house", ".", "despite", "civil", "service", "reform", ",", "a", "president", "had", "a", "large", "number", "of", "posts", "to", "fill", ".", "it", "was", "customary", "at", "the", "time", "to", "fill", "many", "of", "the", "lower", "level", "positions", "with", "party", "political", "workers", ".", "hanna", "had", "a", "voice", "in", "some", "of", "mckinley", "'", "s", "appointments", "," ]
436,406
journal, " the senator doubtless feels that if anyone has the right to make himself at home in the white house he is the man ". hanna soon moved into the arlington hotel, close to the white house, where he occupied a large suite. after the death of vice president hobart in november 1899, hanna took over the lease on his house on lafayette square, across pennsylvania avenue from the white house. despite civil service reform, a president had a large number of posts to fill. it was customary at the time to fill many of the lower level positions with party political workers. hanna had a voice in some of mckinley's appointments,
555
[ "a", "catholic", ".", "according", "to", "historian", "stanley", "jones", "in", "his", "account", "of", "the", "1896", "campaign", ",", "\"", "another", "feature", "common", "to", "the", "reed", "and", "allison", "campaigns", "was", "their", "failure", "to", "make", "head", "##way", "against", "the", "tide", "which", "was", "running", "toward", "mckinley", ".", "in", "fact", ",", "both", "campaigns", "from", "the", "moment", "they", "were", "launched", "were", "in", "retreat", ".", "\"", "in", "march", "and", "april", "1896", ",", "state", "conventions", "in", "ohio", ",", "michigan", ",", "california", ",", "indiana", ",", "and", "other", "states", "elected", "delegates", "to", "the", "national", "convention", ",", "instructed", "to", "vote", "for", "mckinley", ".", "in", "new", "england", ",", "mckinley", "made", "in", "##ro", "##ads", "into", "reed", "'", "s", "regional", "support", ",", "as", "new", "hampshire", "proclaimed", "no", "preference", "between", "the", "speaker", "and", "mckinley", ",", "and", "the", "vermont", "convention", "expressed", "support", "for", "mckinley", "." ]
830,639
a catholic. according to historian stanley jones in his account of the 1896 campaign, " another feature common to the reed and allison campaigns was their failure to make headway against the tide which was running toward mckinley. in fact, both campaigns from the moment they were launched were in retreat. " in march and april 1896, state conventions in ohio, michigan, california, indiana, and other states elected delegates to the national convention, instructed to vote for mckinley. in new england, mckinley made inroads into reed's regional support, as new hampshire proclaimed no preference between the speaker and mckinley, and the vermont convention expressed support for mckinley.
555
[ "ken", "\"", ",", "from", "john", "ke", "##ats", "'", "s", "\"", "on", "first", "looking", "into", "chapman", "'", "s", "homer", "\"", ",", "are", "a", "reference", "to", "hers", "##chel", "'", "s", "discovery", "of", "ur", "##anus", ".", "=", "mark", "hanna", "=", "marcus", "al", "##onzo", "\"", "mark", "\"", "hanna", "(", "september", "24", ",", "1837", "–", "february", "15", ",", "1904", ")", "was", "an", "american", "businessman", "and", "republican", "politician", ",", "who", "served", "as", "a", "united", "states", "senator", "from", "ohio", ".", "a", "friend", "and", "political", "ally", "of", "president", "william", "mckinley", ",", "hanna", "used", "his", "wealth", "and", "business", "skills", "to", "successfully", "manage", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidential", "campaigns", "in", "1896", "and", "1900", ".", "hanna", "was", "born", "in", "new", "lisbon", "(", "today", "lisbon", ")", ",", "ohio", ",", "in", "1837", ".", "his", "family", "moved", "to", "the", "growing", "city", "of", "cleveland" ]
436,327
ken ", from john keats's " on first looking into chapman's homer ", are a reference to herschel's discovery of uranus. = mark hanna = marcus alonzo " mark " hanna ( september 24, 1837 – february 15, 1904 ) was an american businessman and republican politician, who served as a united states senator from ohio. a friend and political ally of president william mckinley, hanna used his wealth and business skills to successfully manage mckinley's presidential campaigns in 1896 and 1900. hanna was born in new lisbon ( today lisbon ), ohio, in 1837. his family moved to the growing city of cleveland
555
[ "harrison", "was", "seeking", "reno", "##mina", "##tion", ";", "other", "men", "spoken", "of", "as", "possible", "candidates", "were", "blaine", "(", "who", "had", "again", "disc", "##lai", "##med", "any", "interest", "in", "running", ")", "and", "mckinley", ".", "prior", "to", "the", "minneapolis", "convention", ",", "hanna", "wrote", "to", "for", "##aker", "for", "the", "first", "time", "in", "four", "years", ",", "seeking", "to", "put", "aside", "differences", "in", "support", "of", "mckinley", ".", "for", "##aker", "agreed", ";", "he", "disliked", "harrison", "and", "did", "not", "feel", "he", "could", "be", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", ".", "mckinley", "finished", "third", "for", "the", "nomination", ",", "a", "fraction", "of", "a", "vote", "behind", "blaine", ".", "harrison", "was", "defeated", "by", "cleveland", "in", "the", "november", "election", ",", "and", "mckinley", "was", "spoken", "of", "as", "the", "most", "likely", "republican", "presidential", "contender", "for", "1896", ".", "=", "=", "=", "election", "to", "the", "senate", ";" ]
528,377
harrison was seeking renomination ; other men spoken of as possible candidates were blaine ( who had again disclaimed any interest in running ) and mckinley. prior to the minneapolis convention, hanna wrote to foraker for the first time in four years, seeking to put aside differences in support of mckinley. foraker agreed ; he disliked harrison and did not feel he could be re @ - @ elected. mckinley finished third for the nomination, a fraction of a vote behind blaine. harrison was defeated by cleveland in the november election, and mckinley was spoken of as the most likely republican presidential contender for 1896. = = = election to the senate ;
555
[ "mckinley", "'", "s", "sc", "##rup", "##les", "and", "ideal", "##istic", "standards", ",", "like", "a", "hardened", "man", "of", "the", "world", "who", "becomes", "in", "##fat", "##uated", "with", "virgin", "innocence", ".", "however", ",", "hanna", "biographer", "clarence", "a", ".", "stern", "suggested", "that", "while", "the", "industrialist", "admired", "mckinley", "'", "s", "loyalty", "to", "sherman", ",", "the", "principal", "reason", "that", "he", "decided", "to", "promote", "mckinley", "'", "s", "career", "was", "the", "congressman", "'", "s", "advocacy", "of", "high", "tariffs", ",", "which", "he", "also", "favored", ".", "hanna", "and", "his", "allies", ",", "such", "as", "congressman", "benjamin", "butter", "##worth", ",", "opposed", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "effort", "to", "secure", "a", "third", "term", "as", "governor", "in", "1889", ".", "for", "##aker", "gained", "reno", "##mina", "##tion", ",", "but", "fell", "in", "the", "general", "election", ".", "in", "november", "1889", ",", "hanna", "traveled", "to", "washington", "to", "manage", "mckinley" ]
436,357
mckinley's scruples and idealistic standards, like a hardened man of the world who becomes infatuated with virgin innocence. however, hanna biographer clarence a. stern suggested that while the industrialist admired mckinley's loyalty to sherman, the principal reason that he decided to promote mckinley's career was the congressman's advocacy of high tariffs, which he also favored. hanna and his allies, such as congressman benjamin butterworth, opposed foraker's effort to secure a third term as governor in 1889. foraker gained renomination, but fell in the general election. in november 1889, hanna traveled to washington to manage mckinley
555
[ "a", "young", "banker", "and", "entrepreneur", "who", "had", "recently", "moved", "to", "chicago", "from", "nebraska", ",", "where", "he", "had", "known", "congressman", "bryan", ".", "in", "trying", "to", "organize", "illinois", "for", "mckinley", ",", "da", "##wes", "faced", "the", "en", "##mity", "of", "the", "local", "republican", "bosses", ",", "who", "preferred", "to", "take", "a", "delegation", "to", "st", ".", "louis", "that", "would", "support", "senator", "cu", "##llo", "##m", "until", "the", "bosses", "made", "the", "right", "deal", ".", "mckinley", "left", "office", "as", "governor", "in", "january", "1896", ".", "in", "february", ",", "harrison", "made", "it", "clear", "he", "would", "not", "seek", "a", "third", "nomination", ".", "hanna", "'", "s", "operatives", "immediately", "organized", "harrison", "'", "s", "home", "state", "of", "indiana", "for", "mckinley", "with", "a", "haste", "the", "former", "president", "privately", "found", "un", "##see", "##ml", "##y", ".", "by", "early", "1896", ",", "the", "reed", "and", "allison", "campaigns", "were" ]
830,637
a young banker and entrepreneur who had recently moved to chicago from nebraska, where he had known congressman bryan. in trying to organize illinois for mckinley, dawes faced the enmity of the local republican bosses, who preferred to take a delegation to st. louis that would support senator cullom until the bosses made the right deal. mckinley left office as governor in january 1896. in february, harrison made it clear he would not seek a third nomination. hanna's operatives immediately organized harrison's home state of indiana for mckinley with a haste the former president privately found unseemly. by early 1896, the reed and allison campaigns were
555
[ "officials", ",", "and", "a", "legislature", ".", "there", "was", "much", "national", "interest", "in", "the", "legislative", "campaign", ",", "which", "was", "seen", "as", "a", "rematch", "of", "1896", "and", "a", "forerunner", "of", "the", "1900", "presidential", "campaign", ",", "and", "as", "a", "referendum", "on", "mark", "hanna", ".", "president", "mckinley", "both", "campaigned", "on", "hanna", "'", "s", "behalf", "in", "ohio", "and", "recruited", "speakers", "for", "him", ";", "for", "the", "democrats", ",", "bryan", "was", "the", "leading", "or", "##ator", ".", "democrats", "hoped", "that", "by", "gaining", "a", "majority", "in", "the", "legislature", "and", "frustrating", "hanna", "'", "s", "election", "bid", ",", "they", "could", "claim", "a", "reversal", "of", "the", "voters", "'", "verdict", "in", "the", "1896", "presidential", "race", ",", "and", "exact", "revenge", "on", "the", "man", "who", "had", "helped", "orchestra", "##te", "their", "defeat", ".", "while", "the", "question", "of", "whether", "hanna", "should", "continue", "in", "the", "senate" ]
316,371
officials, and a legislature. there was much national interest in the legislative campaign, which was seen as a rematch of 1896 and a forerunner of the 1900 presidential campaign, and as a referendum on mark hanna. president mckinley both campaigned on hanna's behalf in ohio and recruited speakers for him ; for the democrats, bryan was the leading orator. democrats hoped that by gaining a majority in the legislature and frustrating hanna's election bid, they could claim a reversal of the voters'verdict in the 1896 presidential race, and exact revenge on the man who had helped orchestrate their defeat. while the question of whether hanna should continue in the senate
555
[ ",", "that", "applies", "to", "labor", "as", "to", "everything", "else", ".", "let", "me", "give", "you", "a", "maxim", "that", "is", "a", "thousand", "times", "better", "than", "that", ",", "and", "it", "is", "the", "protection", "maxim", ":", "'", "buy", "where", "you", "can", "pay", "the", "easiest", ".", "'", "and", "that", "spot", "of", "earth", "is", "where", "labor", "wins", "its", "highest", "rewards", ".", "\"", "mckinley", "first", "took", "his", "congressional", "seat", "in", "october", "1877", ",", "when", "president", "hayes", "summoned", "congress", "into", "special", "session", ".", "with", "the", "republicans", "in", "the", "minority", ",", "mckinley", "was", "given", "un", "##im", "##port", "##ant", "committee", "assignments", ",", "which", "he", "undertook", "con", "##sc", "##ient", "##iously", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "friendship", "with", "hayes", "did", "mckinley", "little", "good", "on", "capitol", "hill", ";", "the", "president", "was", "not", "well", "@", "-", "@", "regarded", "by", "many", "leaders", "there", "." ]
382,311
, that applies to labor as to everything else. let me give you a maxim that is a thousand times better than that, and it is the protection maxim :'buy where you can pay the easiest.'and that spot of earth is where labor wins its highest rewards. " mckinley first took his congressional seat in october 1877, when president hayes summoned congress into special session. with the republicans in the minority, mckinley was given unimportant committee assignments, which he undertook conscientiously. mckinley's friendship with hayes did mckinley little good on capitol hill ; the president was not well @ - @ regarded by many leaders there.
555
[ "alternating", "between", "lectures", "and", "mid", "##wife", "##ry", ",", "she", "conducted", "the", "first", "cross", "@", "-", "@", "country", "tour", "by", "an", "anarchist", "speaker", ".", "in", "november", "1899", "she", "returned", "to", "europe", ",", "where", "she", "met", "the", "anarchist", "hip", "##pol", "##yte", "have", "##l", ",", "with", "whom", "she", "went", "to", "france", "and", "helped", "organize", "the", "international", "anarchist", "congress", "on", "the", "outskirts", "of", "paris", ".", "=", "=", "=", "mckinley", "assassination", "=", "=", "=", "on", "september", "6", ",", "1901", ",", "leon", "c", "##zo", "##l", "##gos", "##z", ",", "an", "unemployed", "factory", "worker", "and", "registered", "republican", "with", "a", "history", "of", "mental", "illness", ",", "shot", "us", "president", "william", "mckinley", "twice", "during", "a", "public", "speaking", "event", "in", "buffalo", ",", "new", "york", ".", "mckinley", "was", "hit", "in", "the", "breast", "##bone", "and", "stomach", ",", "and", "died", "eight", "days", "later" ]
261,714
alternating between lectures and midwifery, she conducted the first cross @ - @ country tour by an anarchist speaker. in november 1899 she returned to europe, where she met the anarchist hippolyte havel, with whom she went to france and helped organize the international anarchist congress on the outskirts of paris. = = = mckinley assassination = = = on september 6, 1901, leon czolgosz, an unemployed factory worker and registered republican with a history of mental illness, shot us president william mckinley twice during a public speaking event in buffalo, new york. mckinley was hit in the breastbone and stomach, and died eight days later
555
[ "end", "of", "two", "two", "@", "-", "@", "year", "terms", ",", "returning", "home", "to", "canton", "in", "january", "1896", "to", "municipal", "celebrations", ".", "the", "canton", "repository", "stated", ",", "\"", "it", "is", "just", "plain", "mr", ".", "mckinley", "of", "canton", "now", ",", "but", "wait", "a", "little", "while", ".", "\"", "to", "devote", "full", "@", "-", "@", "time", "to", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidential", "campaign", ",", "hanna", "in", "1895", "turned", "over", "management", "of", "his", "companies", "to", "his", "brother", "leonard", ".", "mark", "hanna", "was", "certain", ",", "as", "he", "stated", "as", "mckinley", "'", "s", "campaign", "began", ",", "that", "\"", "nothing", "short", "of", "a", "miracle", "or", "death", "will", "prevent", "his", "being", "the", "nominee", "of", "the", "party", "in", "'", "96", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "campaign", "of", "1896", "=", "=", "=", "=", "=", "no", "##minating", "mckinley", "=", "=", "=", "after" ]
436,367
end of two two @ - @ year terms, returning home to canton in january 1896 to municipal celebrations. the canton repository stated, " it is just plain mr. mckinley of canton now, but wait a little while. " to devote full @ - @ time to mckinley's presidential campaign, hanna in 1895 turned over management of his companies to his brother leonard. mark hanna was certain, as he stated as mckinley's campaign began, that " nothing short of a miracle or death will prevent his being the nominee of the party in'96 ". = = campaign of 1896 = = = = = nominating mckinley = = = after
555
[ "new", "senator", ".", "however", ",", "bush", "##nell", "eventually", "decided", "that", "appointing", "someone", "else", "was", "not", "worth", "risking", "the", "wrath", "of", "the", "new", "presidential", "administration", ",", "and", "of", "hanna", "(", "who", "was", "chairman", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", ")", ".", "in", "late", "february", "1897", ",", "mckinley", "sent", "a", "personal", "emi", "##ssar", "##y", ",", "his", "old", "friend", "judge", "william", "r", ".", "day", ",", "to", "bush", "##nell", ",", "and", "the", "governor", "yielded", ".", "hanna", "was", "given", "his", "commission", "by", "governor", "bush", "##nell", "in", "the", "lobby", "of", "washington", "'", "s", "arlington", "hotel", "on", "the", "morning", "of", "march", "5", ",", "1897", ".", "hanna", "'", "s", "associates", "alleged", "that", "bush", "##nell", "had", "delayed", "the", "appointment", "of", "hanna", "so", "that", "for", "##aker", "could", "be", "ohio", "'", "s", "senior", "senator", ".", "herbert", "cr", "##ol", "##y", "," ]
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new senator. however, bushnell eventually decided that appointing someone else was not worth risking the wrath of the new presidential administration, and of hanna ( who was chairman of the republican national committee ). in late february 1897, mckinley sent a personal emissary, his old friend judge william r. day, to bushnell, and the governor yielded. hanna was given his commission by governor bushnell in the lobby of washington's arlington hotel on the morning of march 5, 1897. hanna's associates alleged that bushnell had delayed the appointment of hanna so that foraker could be ohio's senior senator. herbert croly,
555
[ "the", "major", "issue", "of", "the", "campaign", ",", "and", "would", "stay", "with", "the", "party", "if", "it", "promoted", "tariffs", ".", "these", "issues", "were", "given", "different", "em", "##pha", "##ses", "sectional", "##ly", ":", "in", "the", "east", "and", "south", ",", "the", "money", "issue", "was", "stressed", "most", "strongly", ",", "while", "tariffs", "were", "given", "more", "attention", "in", "the", "midwest", ".", "mckinley", "had", "little", "support", "in", "the", "mining", "@", "-", "@", "dominated", "rocky", "mountain", "states", ",", "where", "even", "most", "republicans", "were", "for", "silver", "and", "bryan", ".", "on", "the", "pacific", "coast", ",", "where", "there", "was", "strong", "silver", "sentiment", ",", "but", "where", "mckinley", "had", "some", "hope", "of", "winning", ",", "the", "tariff", "was", "made", "the", "major", "issue", ".", "mckinley", "soothe", "##d", "ru", "##ffled", "feathers", "of", "party", "big", "##wig", "##s", "by", "mail", "and", "in", "person", ".", "though", "former", "president", "harrison" ]
830,670
the major issue of the campaign, and would stay with the party if it promoted tariffs. these issues were given different emphases sectionally : in the east and south, the money issue was stressed most strongly, while tariffs were given more attention in the midwest. mckinley had little support in the mining @ - @ dominated rocky mountain states, where even most republicans were for silver and bryan. on the pacific coast, where there was strong silver sentiment, but where mckinley had some hope of winning, the tariff was made the major issue. mckinley soothed ruffled feathers of party bigwigs by mail and in person. though former president harrison
555
[ "(", "by", "then", "a", "u", ".", "s", ".", "senator", ")", ",", "he", "had", "been", "careful", "to", "maintain", "good", "relations", "with", "the", "party", "faction", "led", "by", "the", "state", "'", "s", "other", "u", ".", "s", ".", "senator", ",", "mark", "hanna", ",", "mckinley", "'", "s", "political", "manager", "and", "chairman", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", "(", "rn", "##c", ")", ".", "both", "for", "##aker", "and", "hanna", "supported", "harding", "for", "state", "senate", "in", "1899", ";", "he", "gained", "the", "republican", "nomination", ",", "and", "was", "easily", "elected", "to", "a", "two", "@", "-", "@", "year", "term", ".", "harding", "began", "his", "four", "years", "as", "a", "state", "senator", "a", "political", "unknown", ";", "he", "ended", "them", "one", "of", "the", "most", "popular", "figures", "in", "the", "ohio", "republican", "party", ".", "he", "always", "appeared", "calm", "and", "displayed", "hum", "##ility", ",", "characteristics", "that", "end" ]
558,837
( by then a u. s. senator ), he had been careful to maintain good relations with the party faction led by the state's other u. s. senator, mark hanna, mckinley's political manager and chairman of the republican national committee ( rnc ). both foraker and hanna supported harding for state senate in 1899 ; he gained the republican nomination, and was easily elected to a two @ - @ year term. harding began his four years as a state senator a political unknown ; he ended them one of the most popular figures in the ohio republican party. he always appeared calm and displayed humility, characteristics that end
555
[ "delegates", "can", "'", "t", "be", "believed", "by", "me", ".", "\"", "according", "to", "horne", "##r", ",", "\"", "the", "split", "between", "for", "##aker", "and", "hanna", "had", "a", "profound", "impact", "on", "the", "subsequent", "behavior", "of", "both", "men", ",", "their", "careers", "in", "politics", ",", "and", "the", "republican", "party", "in", "ohio", ",", "which", "was", "fractured", "by", "the", "dispute", ".", "\"", "harrison", "was", "elected", "in", "november", "1888", "over", "president", "cleveland", ".", "by", "1889", ",", "for", "##aker", "was", "openly", "opposed", "by", "a", "faction", "of", "ohio", "republicans", ",", "led", "by", "hanna", ",", "sherman", "and", "mckinley", ".", "for", "##aker", "felt", "relieved", "at", "the", "break", ",", "writing", "to", "a", "friend", ",", "\"", "from", "toledo", "to", "chicago", ",", "my", "neck", "was", "under", "a", "yo", "##ke", ",", "but", "now", "i", "am", "free", ".", "\"", "despite", "the", "faction", "##al", "opposition", "," ]
528,367
delegates can't be believed by me. " according to horner, " the split between foraker and hanna had a profound impact on the subsequent behavior of both men, their careers in politics, and the republican party in ohio, which was fractured by the dispute. " harrison was elected in november 1888 over president cleveland. by 1889, foraker was openly opposed by a faction of ohio republicans, led by hanna, sherman and mckinley. foraker felt relieved at the break, writing to a friend, " from toledo to chicago, my neck was under a yoke, but now i am free. " despite the factional opposition,
555
[ "ass", "##uring", "this", "was", "to", "nominate", "a", "politician", "from", "new", "york", ",", "then", "the", "largest", "state", "in", "population", ".", "as", "many", "new", "york", "delegates", "supported", "their", "favorite", "son", "candidate", ",", "governor", "(", "and", "former", "vice", "president", ")", "levi", "p", ".", "morton", ",", "instead", "of", "mckinley", ",", "giving", "the", "state", "the", "vice", "@", "-", "@", "presidential", "nomination", "would", "be", "an", "un", "##mer", "##ited", "reward", ".", "according", "to", "cr", "##ol", "##y", ",", "on", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "the", "adjoining", "state", "of", "new", "jersey", "submitted", "an", "eligible", "candidate", "in", "mr", ".", "ga", "##rret", "a", ".", "hobart", ",", "who", "had", "done", "much", "to", "strengthen", "the", "republican", "party", "in", "his", "own", "neighborhood", ".", "mr", ".", "hobart", "was", "well", "known", "to", "mr", ".", "hanna", ",", "and", "in", "all", "probability", "his", "nomination", "had", "been", "scheduled" ]
645,996
assuring this was to nominate a politician from new york, then the largest state in population. as many new york delegates supported their favorite son candidate, governor ( and former vice president ) levi p. morton, instead of mckinley, giving the state the vice @ - @ presidential nomination would be an unmerited reward. according to croly, on the other hand, the adjoining state of new jersey submitted an eligible candidate in mr. garret a. hobart, who had done much to strengthen the republican party in his own neighborhood. mr. hobart was well known to mr. hanna, and in all probability his nomination had been scheduled
555
[ "mourning", ",", "for", "##aker", "spoke", "in", "defense", "of", "president", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "inviting", "booker", "t", ".", "washington", ",", "a", "black", "man", ",", "to", "the", "white", "house", ".", "this", "helped", "ensure", "support", "from", "the", "black", "community", "in", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "successful", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "bid", "in", "january", "1902", ",", "which", "was", "not", "opposed", "by", "the", "hanna", "faction", ".", "both", "hanna", "and", "for", "##aker", "had", "been", "spoken", "of", "as", "possible", "republican", "presidential", "candidates", "in", "1904", ";", "with", "president", "roosevelt", "now", "likely", "to", "be", "the", "nominee", ",", "both", "men", "'", "s", "presidential", "ambitions", "were", "pushed", "back", "four", "years", ".", "hanna", "in", "particular", "was", "reluctant", "to", "publicly", "put", "aside", "his", "presidential", "candidacy", ",", "believing", "that", "keeping", "it", "alive", "would", "help", "assure", "his", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "by", "the" ]
528,388
mourning, foraker spoke in defense of president roosevelt's inviting booker t. washington, a black man, to the white house. this helped ensure support from the black community in foraker's successful re @ - @ election bid in january 1902, which was not opposed by the hanna faction. both hanna and foraker had been spoken of as possible republican presidential candidates in 1904 ; with president roosevelt now likely to be the nominee, both men's presidential ambitions were pushed back four years. hanna in particular was reluctant to publicly put aside his presidential candidacy, believing that keeping it alive would help assure his re @ - @ election by the
555
[ ".", "the", "democrats", "alleged", "that", "republicans", "were", "coe", "##rc", "##ing", "workers", "into", "voting", "for", "mckinley", "on", "threat", "of", "losing", "their", "jobs", ";", "hanna", "denied", "it", ",", "and", "offered", "a", "reward", "for", "evidence", ",", "that", "was", "not", "claimed", ".", "to", "bryan", "'", "s", "outrage", ",", "hanna", "called", "for", "a", "\"", "flag", "day", "\"", "for", "the", "final", "saturday", ",", "october", "31", ",", "as", "the", "campaign", "again", "sought", "to", "link", "support", "for", "mckinley", "to", "patriot", "##ism", ",", "a", "theme", "echoed", "by", "the", "candidate", "as", "he", "addressed", "his", "final", "delegation", "##s", ".", "hundreds", "of", "thousands", "marched", "through", "the", "streets", "of", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "cities", "in", "honor", "of", "the", "flag", ";", "new", "york", "city", "saw", "its", "largest", "parade", "since", "1865", ".", "election", "day", "was", "november", "3", ";", "on", "its", "eve", "hanna", "and" ]
830,676
. the democrats alleged that republicans were coercing workers into voting for mckinley on threat of losing their jobs ; hanna denied it, and offered a reward for evidence, that was not claimed. to bryan's outrage, hanna called for a " flag day " for the final saturday, october 31, as the campaign again sought to link support for mckinley to patriotism, a theme echoed by the candidate as he addressed his final delegations. hundreds of thousands marched through the streets of the nation's cities in honor of the flag ; new york city saw its largest parade since 1865. election day was november 3 ; on its eve hanna and
555
[ "become", "mckinley", "'", "s", "personal", "secretary", ",", "died", "in", "a", "fall", "from", "a", "new", "haven", "hotel", "window", ".", "secretary", "hay", "was", "at", "the", "fell", "##s", "when", "mckinley", "was", "shot", "by", "leon", "c", "##zo", "##l", "##gos", "##z", ",", "an", "anarchist", ",", "on", "september", "6", "in", "buffalo", ".", "with", "vice", "president", "roosevelt", "and", "much", "of", "the", "cabinet", "haste", "##ning", "to", "the", "bedside", "of", "mckinley", ",", "who", "had", "been", "operated", "on", "(", "it", "was", "thought", "successfully", ")", "soon", "after", "the", "shooting", ",", "hay", "planned", "to", "go", "to", "washington", "to", "manage", "the", "communication", "with", "foreign", "governments", ",", "but", "presidential", "secretary", "george", "co", "##rte", "##ly", "##ou", "urged", "him", "to", "come", "to", "buffalo", ".", "he", "traveled", "to", "buffalo", "on", "september", "10", ";", "hearing", "on", "his", "arrival", "an", "account", "of", "the", "president", "'", "s", "recovery" ]
148,251
become mckinley's personal secretary, died in a fall from a new haven hotel window. secretary hay was at the fells when mckinley was shot by leon czolgosz, an anarchist, on september 6 in buffalo. with vice president roosevelt and much of the cabinet hastening to the bedside of mckinley, who had been operated on ( it was thought successfully ) soon after the shooting, hay planned to go to washington to manage the communication with foreign governments, but presidential secretary george cortelyou urged him to come to buffalo. he traveled to buffalo on september 10 ; hearing on his arrival an account of the president's recovery
555
[ "in", "his", "teenage", "years", ",", "where", "he", "attended", "high", "school", "with", "john", "d", ".", "rockefeller", ".", "he", "was", "expelled", "from", "college", ",", "and", "entered", "the", "family", "mercantile", "business", ".", "he", "served", "briefly", "during", "the", "american", "civil", "war", "and", "married", "charlotte", "rhodes", ";", "her", "father", ",", "daniel", "rhodes", ",", "took", "hanna", "into", "his", "business", "after", "the", "war", ".", "hanna", "was", "soon", "a", "partner", "in", "the", "firm", ",", "which", "grew", "to", "have", "interests", "in", "many", "areas", ",", "especially", "coal", "and", "iron", ".", "he", "was", "a", "millionaire", "by", "his", "40th", "birthday", ",", "and", "turned", "his", "attention", "to", "politics", ".", "despite", "hanna", "'", "s", "efforts", "on", "his", "behalf", ",", "ohio", "senator", "john", "sherman", "failed", "to", "gain", "the", "republican", "nomination", "for", "president", "in", "1884", "and", "1888", ".", "with", "sherman", "becoming", "too", "old", "to" ]
436,328
in his teenage years, where he attended high school with john d. rockefeller. he was expelled from college, and entered the family mercantile business. he served briefly during the american civil war and married charlotte rhodes ; her father, daniel rhodes, took hanna into his business after the war. hanna was soon a partner in the firm, which grew to have interests in many areas, especially coal and iron. he was a millionaire by his 40th birthday, and turned his attention to politics. despite hanna's efforts on his behalf, ohio senator john sherman failed to gain the republican nomination for president in 1884 and 1888. with sherman becoming too old to
555
[ "was", "dwarf", "##ed", "by", "the", "sums", "raised", "by", "hanna", ".", "september", "saw", "maine", "and", "vermont", "go", "heavily", "republican", "in", "their", "state", "elections", ",", "meaning", "the", "northeast", "was", "likely", "safe", "for", "mckinley", ".", "early", "in", "that", "month", ",", "di", "##ssi", "##dent", "democrats", ",", "who", "favored", "the", "gold", "standard", "and", "president", "cleveland", "'", "s", "policies", ",", "formed", "the", "national", "democratic", "party", ",", "or", "gold", "democrats", ",", "meeting", "in", "indianapolis", ".", "the", "nomination", "of", "illinois", "senator", "john", "m", ".", "palmer", "for", "president", "and", "former", "kentucky", "governor", "simon", "bolivar", "buck", "##ner", "for", "vice", "president", "meant", "bryan", "would", "have", "to", "overcome", "an", "electoral", "split", "in", "his", "party", ".", "hanna", "app", "##lau", "##ded", "the", "selection", ",", "and", "predicted", "it", "would", "get", "large", "numbers", "of", "votes", ".", "there", "was", "no", "chance", "palmer", "would", "win", "the" ]
830,674
was dwarfed by the sums raised by hanna. september saw maine and vermont go heavily republican in their state elections, meaning the northeast was likely safe for mckinley. early in that month, dissident democrats, who favored the gold standard and president cleveland's policies, formed the national democratic party, or gold democrats, meeting in indianapolis. the nomination of illinois senator john m. palmer for president and former kentucky governor simon bolivar buckner for vice president meant bryan would have to overcome an electoral split in his party. hanna applauded the selection, and predicted it would get large numbers of votes. there was no chance palmer would win the
555
[ "sought", "an", "alliance", ",", "campaigning", "for", "bush", "##nell", "and", "for", "a", "republican", "legislature", "that", "would", "send", "for", "##aker", "to", "washington", ".", "the", "voters", "chose", "bush", "##nell", "and", "gave", "the", "state", "republicans", "a", "large", "majority", "in", "the", "legislature", ".", "in", "january", "1896", ",", "for", "##aker", "was", "overwhelmingly", "elected", "(", "to", "take", "office", "in", "march", "1897", ")", ",", "and", "mckinley", "gained", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "agreement", "to", "support", "him", "for", "president", ",", "ass", "##uring", "party", "political", "peace", "at", "home", ".", "during", "1895", ",", "hanna", "journey", "##ed", "east", "to", "meet", "with", "the", "political", "bosses", "there", ",", "including", "pennsylvania", "senator", "matthew", "quay", "and", "thomas", "c", ".", "platt", "of", "new", "york", ".", "he", "returned", "to", "report", "that", "the", "bosses", "were", "willing", "to", "assure", "mckinley", "'", "s", "nomination", "in", "exchange", "for", "a", "promise", "to" ]
830,635
sought an alliance, campaigning for bushnell and for a republican legislature that would send foraker to washington. the voters chose bushnell and gave the state republicans a large majority in the legislature. in january 1896, foraker was overwhelmingly elected ( to take office in march 1897 ), and mckinley gained foraker's agreement to support him for president, assuring party political peace at home. during 1895, hanna journeyed east to meet with the political bosses there, including pennsylvania senator matthew quay and thomas c. platt of new york. he returned to report that the bosses were willing to assure mckinley's nomination in exchange for a promise to
555
[ "hand", "in", "the", "reception", "line", "at", "the", "temple", ".", "one", "bullet", "grazed", "mckinley", ";", "the", "other", "entered", "his", "abdomen", "and", "was", "never", "found", ".", "mckinley", "initially", "appeared", "to", "be", "recovering", ",", "but", "took", "a", "turn", "for", "the", "worse", "on", "september", "13", "as", "his", "wounds", "became", "gang", "##ren", "##ous", ",", "and", "died", "early", "the", "next", "morning", ";", "vice", "president", "theodore", "roosevelt", "succeeded", "him", ".", "after", "mckinley", "'", "s", "murder", ",", "for", "which", "c", "##zo", "##l", "##gos", "##z", "was", "put", "to", "death", "in", "the", "electric", "chair", ",", "the", "united", "states", "congress", "passed", "legislation", "to", "officially", "charge", "the", "secret", "service", "with", "the", "responsibility", "for", "protecting", "the", "president", ".", "=", "=", "background", "=", "=", "in", "september", "1901", ",", "william", "mckinley", "was", "at", "the", "height", "of", "his", "power", "as", "president", ".", "elected", "in" ]
521,635
hand in the reception line at the temple. one bullet grazed mckinley ; the other entered his abdomen and was never found. mckinley initially appeared to be recovering, but took a turn for the worse on september 13 as his wounds became gangrenous, and died early the next morning ; vice president theodore roosevelt succeeded him. after mckinley's murder, for which czolgosz was put to death in the electric chair, the united states congress passed legislation to officially charge the secret service with the responsibility for protecting the president. = = background = = in september 1901, william mckinley was at the height of his power as president. elected in
555
[ "victory", ",", "hanna", "determined", "to", "bring", "an", "ohio", "##an", "to", "the", "presidency", ".", "with", "harrison", "likely", "to", "be", "the", "republican", "candidate", "in", "1892", ",", "the", "first", "real", "chance", "would", "be", "in", "1896", ".", "sherman", "would", "be", "73", "in", "1896", ",", "likely", "considered", "too", "old", "to", "seek", "the", "presidency", ".", "hanna", "had", "come", "to", "admire", "mckinley", ";", "the", "two", "men", "shared", "many", "political", "views", ".", "beginning", "in", "1888", ",", "they", "forged", "an", "increasingly", "close", "relationship", ".", "according", "to", "mckinley", "biographer", "margaret", "lee", "##ch", ":", "in", "choosing", "mckinley", "as", "the", "object", "on", "which", "to", "lavish", "his", "energies", ",", "hanna", "had", "not", "made", "a", "purely", "rational", "decision", ".", "he", "had", "been", "magnet", "##ized", "by", "a", "polar", "attraction", ".", "cynical", "in", "his", "acceptance", "of", "contemporary", "political", "practices", ",", "hanna", "was", "drawn", "to" ]
436,356
victory, hanna determined to bring an ohioan to the presidency. with harrison likely to be the republican candidate in 1892, the first real chance would be in 1896. sherman would be 73 in 1896, likely considered too old to seek the presidency. hanna had come to admire mckinley ; the two men shared many political views. beginning in 1888, they forged an increasingly close relationship. according to mckinley biographer margaret leech : in choosing mckinley as the object on which to lavish his energies, hanna had not made a purely rational decision. he had been magnetized by a polar attraction. cynical in his acceptance of contemporary political practices, hanna was drawn to
555
[ "election", ",", "the", "ballot", "##ing", "for", "the", "legislature", "had", "gone", "republican", "by", "only", "9", "@", ",", "@", "000", ".", "soon", "after", "the", "election", ",", "a", "number", "of", "republicans", "announced", "that", "they", "intended", "to", "ally", "with", "the", "democrats", "and", "defeat", "hanna", ".", "cr", "##ol", "##y", "lists", "bush", "##nell", ",", "cleveland", "mayor", "robert", "mc", "##kis", "##son", ",", "and", "former", "republican", "state", "chairman", "charles", "l", ".", "kurt", "##z", "as", "among", "those", "involved", "in", "what", "he", "called", "a", "conspiracy", "against", "hanna", ".", "kurt", "##z", "had", "been", "defeated", "in", "his", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "bid", "to", "the", "chairman", "##ship", "by", "hanna", "forces", "at", "the", "1897", "republican", "state", "convention", ",", "while", "mc", "##kis", "##son", "had", "unsuccessfully", "sought", "hanna", "'", "s", "support", "in", "his", "first", "election", "run", "in", "1895", ",", "and", "according", "to", "hanna" ]
316,377
election, the balloting for the legislature had gone republican by only 9 @, @ 000. soon after the election, a number of republicans announced that they intended to ally with the democrats and defeat hanna. croly lists bushnell, cleveland mayor robert mckisson, and former republican state chairman charles l. kurtz as among those involved in what he called a conspiracy against hanna. kurtz had been defeated in his re @ - @ election bid to the chairmanship by hanna forces at the 1897 republican state convention, while mckisson had unsuccessfully sought hanna's support in his first election run in 1895, and according to hanna
555
[ "and", "they", "were", "disappointed", "by", "his", "policies", "and", "appointments", ".", "although", "mckinley", "made", "some", "appointments", "of", "african", "americans", "to", "low", "@", "-", "@", "level", "government", "posts", ",", "and", "received", "some", "praise", "for", "that", ",", "the", "appointments", "were", "less", "than", "they", "had", "received", "under", "previous", "republican", "administrations", ".", "blanche", "k", ".", "bruce", ",", "an", "african", "american", "who", "during", "reconstruction", "had", "served", "as", "senator", "from", "mississippi", ",", "received", "the", "post", "of", "register", "at", "the", "treasury", "department", ";", "this", "post", "was", "traditionally", "given", "to", "an", "african", "american", "by", "republican", "presidents", ".", "mckinley", "appointed", "several", "black", "postmaster", "##s", ";", "however", ",", "when", "whites", "protested", "the", "appointment", "of", "justin", "w", ".", "lyons", "as", "postmaster", "of", "augusta", ",", "georgia", ",", "mckinley", "asked", "lyons", "to", "withdraw", "(", "he", "was", "subsequently", "given", "the", "post", "of", "treasury" ]
382,374
and they were disappointed by his policies and appointments. although mckinley made some appointments of african americans to low @ - @ level government posts, and received some praise for that, the appointments were less than they had received under previous republican administrations. blanche k. bruce, an african american who during reconstruction had served as senator from mississippi, received the post of register at the treasury department ; this post was traditionally given to an african american by republican presidents. mckinley appointed several black postmasters ; however, when whites protested the appointment of justin w. lyons as postmaster of augusta, georgia, mckinley asked lyons to withdraw ( he was subsequently given the post of treasury
555
[ "was", "succeeded", "by", "vice", "president", "theodore", "roosevelt", ".", "as", "an", "inn", "##ova", "##tor", "of", "american", "intervention", "##ism", "and", "pro", "@", "-", "@", "business", "sentiment", ",", "mckinley", "'", "s", "presidency", "is", "generally", "considered", "above", "average", ",", "though", "his", "universally", "positive", "public", "perception", "was", "soon", "overshadowed", "by", "roosevelt", ".", "=", "=", "early", "life", "and", "family", "=", "=", "william", "mckinley", ",", "jr", ".", "was", "born", "in", "1843", "in", "nile", "##s", ",", "ohio", ",", "the", "seventh", "child", "of", "william", "and", "nancy", "(", "nee", "allison", ")", "mckinley", ".", "the", "mckinley", "##s", "were", "of", "english", "and", "scots", "@", "-", "@", "irish", "descent", "and", "had", "settled", "in", "western", "pennsylvania", "in", "the", "18th", "century", ".", "there", ",", "the", "elder", "mckinley", "was", "born", "in", "pine", "township", ",", "mercer", "county", ".", "the", "family", "moved", "to", "ohio", "when", "the" ]
382,289
was succeeded by vice president theodore roosevelt. as an innovator of american interventionism and pro @ - @ business sentiment, mckinley's presidency is generally considered above average, though his universally positive public perception was soon overshadowed by roosevelt. = = early life and family = = william mckinley, jr. was born in 1843 in niles, ohio, the seventh child of william and nancy ( nee allison ) mckinley. the mckinleys were of english and scots @ - @ irish descent and had settled in western pennsylvania in the 18th century. there, the elder mckinley was born in pine township, mercer county. the family moved to ohio when the
555
[ "most", "of", "hanna", "'", "s", "republican", "opponents", "were", "from", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "wing", "of", "the", "party", ".", "ohio", "'", "s", "senior", "senator", "did", ",", "however", ",", "state", "his", "belief", "that", "hanna", "would", "have", "a", "difficult", "time", "being", "elected", ".", "when", "asked", "by", "hanna", "supporters", "to", "inter", "##cede", "with", "the", "insurgents", ",", "for", "##aker", "responded", ",", "\"", "i", "will", "not", "ant", "##ago", "##ni", "##ze", "lifetime", "friends", "for", "hanna", ",", "\"", "and", "that", "hanna", "was", "\"", "not", "honorable", "enough", "\"", "to", "go", "to", "bush", "##nell", "and", "kurt", "##z", "and", "work", "out", "a", "solution", ".", "the", "new", "legislature", "convened", "in", "columbus", "on", "monday", ",", "january", "3", ",", "1898", ".", "in", "the", "state", "house", "of", "representatives", ",", "nine", "anti", "@", "-", "@", "hanna", "republicans", "aligned", "with", "the", "democrats", ",", "elect", "##ing" ]
316,382
most of hanna's republican opponents were from foraker's wing of the party. ohio's senior senator did, however, state his belief that hanna would have a difficult time being elected. when asked by hanna supporters to intercede with the insurgents, foraker responded, " i will not antagonize lifetime friends for hanna, " and that hanna was " not honorable enough " to go to bushnell and kurtz and work out a solution. the new legislature convened in columbus on monday, january 3, 1898. in the state house of representatives, nine anti @ - @ hanna republicans aligned with the democrats, electing
555
[ "costs", "for", "ass", "##ay", "##ing", "and", "coin", "##ing", ".", "despite", "the", "controversy", "in", "the", "country", ",", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "decided", "that", "an", "explicit", "mention", "of", "the", "gold", "standard", "in", "the", "party", "platform", "would", "be", "a", "better", "strategy", "than", "remaining", "silent", "on", "the", "issue", ".", "mckinley", "sent", "hanna", "to", "the", "convention", "with", "a", "draft", "plank", "calling", "for", "maintenance", "of", "the", "gold", "standard", ",", "which", "hanna", "successfully", "placed", "in", "the", "party", "platform", ".", "the", "adoption", "of", "the", "plank", "caused", "some", "republicans", ",", "mostly", "from", "the", "west", ",", "to", "walk", "out", "of", "the", "convention", ".", "as", "they", "left", ",", "hanna", "stood", "on", "a", "chair", ",", "shouting", "\"", "go", "!", "go", "!", "go", "!", "\"", "mckinley", "expected", "the", "election", "to", "be", "fought", "on", "the", "issue", "of", "tariffs", ";", "he", "was", "a", "well" ]
436,378
costs for assaying and coining. despite the controversy in the country, mckinley and hanna decided that an explicit mention of the gold standard in the party platform would be a better strategy than remaining silent on the issue. mckinley sent hanna to the convention with a draft plank calling for maintenance of the gold standard, which hanna successfully placed in the party platform. the adoption of the plank caused some republicans, mostly from the west, to walk out of the convention. as they left, hanna stood on a chair, shouting " go! go! go! " mckinley expected the election to be fought on the issue of tariffs ; he was a well
555
[ "continue", ",", "although", "he", "did", "not", "plan", "to", "run", ".", "fin", "##an", "##cier", "j", ".", "p", ".", "morgan", ",", "who", "disliked", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "policies", ",", "offered", "to", "finance", "the", "hanna", "presidential", "campaign", "when", "he", "hosted", "the", "hanna", "##s", "at", "thanksgiving", ",", "though", "the", "senator", "remained", "silent", "at", "the", "offer", ".", "in", "december", ",", "hanna", "and", "roosevelt", "had", "a", "lengthy", "meeting", "and", "resolved", "many", "of", "their", "differences", ".", "roosevelt", "agreed", "that", "hanna", "would", "not", "have", "to", "serve", "another", "term", "as", "chairman", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", ".", "this", "in", "theory", "freed", "hanna", "to", "run", "for", "president", ",", "but", "roosevelt", "could", "see", "that", "hanna", "was", "an", "exhausted", "man", "and", "would", "not", "run", ".", "on", "january", "30", ",", "1904", ",", "hanna", "attended", "the", "grid", "##iro", "##n", "club", "dinner", "at", "the" ]
436,437
continue, although he did not plan to run. financier j. p. morgan, who disliked roosevelt's policies, offered to finance the hanna presidential campaign when he hosted the hannas at thanksgiving, though the senator remained silent at the offer. in december, hanna and roosevelt had a lengthy meeting and resolved many of their differences. roosevelt agreed that hanna would not have to serve another term as chairman of the republican national committee. this in theory freed hanna to run for president, but roosevelt could see that hanna was an exhausted man and would not run. on january 30, 1904, hanna attended the gridiron club dinner at the
555
[ "leaving", "business", ",", "hanna", "rented", "a", "house", "in", "thomas", "##ville", ",", "georgia", ",", "expressing", "a", "dislike", "for", "northern", "winters", ".", "he", "was", "joined", "there", "by", "the", "mckinley", "##s", "in", "1895", ",", "even", "before", "the", "governor", "left", "office", ",", "and", "also", "in", "the", "winter", "of", "1896", ".", "the", "location", "was", "a", "pl", "##aus", "##ibly", "non", "##pol", "##itical", "vacation", "spot", "for", "mckinley", ",", "and", "also", "permitted", "him", "to", "meet", "many", "southern", "republicans", ",", "including", "blacks", ".", "although", "southern", "republicans", "rarely", "had", "local", "electoral", "success", ",", "they", "elected", "a", "substantial", "number", "of", "delegates", "to", "the", "national", "convention", ".", "during", "1895", ",", "hanna", "journey", "##ed", "east", "to", "meet", "with", "political", "bosses", "such", "as", "senators", "matthew", "quay", "of", "pennsylvania", "and", "thomas", "platt", "of", "new", "york", ".", "when", "hanna", "returned", "to", "canton", ",", "he" ]
436,368
leaving business, hanna rented a house in thomasville, georgia, expressing a dislike for northern winters. he was joined there by the mckinleys in 1895, even before the governor left office, and also in the winter of 1896. the location was a plausibly nonpolitical vacation spot for mckinley, and also permitted him to meet many southern republicans, including blacks. although southern republicans rarely had local electoral success, they elected a substantial number of delegates to the national convention. during 1895, hanna journeyed east to meet with political bosses such as senators matthew quay of pennsylvania and thomas platt of new york. when hanna returned to canton, he
555
[ "##an", "who", "could", "gain", "the", "nomination", ",", "and", "by", "telegram", "hinted", "that", "sherman", "should", "withdraw", "in", "the", "congressman", "'", "s", "favor", "as", "the", "only", "ohio", "republican", "with", "a", "chance", "at", "the", "presidency", ".", "sherman", ",", "believing", "this", "to", "be", "his", "best", "chance", "for", "election", ",", "refused", ",", "a", "decision", "which", "hanna", "accepted", ",", "fighting", "for", "sherman", "to", "the", "end", ".", "hanna", "was", "greatly", "impressed", "by", "mckinley", "'", "s", "loyal", "conduct", "in", "refusing", "to", "begin", "a", "run", "himself", ".", "for", "##aker", "threw", "his", "support", "to", "blaine", ",", "though", "he", "returned", "to", "sherman", "when", "the", "new", "england", "##er", "did", "not", "run", ".", "in", "the", "end", ",", "the", "nomination", "fell", "to", "former", "indiana", "senator", "benjamin", "harrison", ".", "hanna", "never", "for", "##ga", "##ve", "what", "he", "saw", "as", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "treason" ]
436,353
##an who could gain the nomination, and by telegram hinted that sherman should withdraw in the congressman's favor as the only ohio republican with a chance at the presidency. sherman, believing this to be his best chance for election, refused, a decision which hanna accepted, fighting for sherman to the end. hanna was greatly impressed by mckinley's loyal conduct in refusing to begin a run himself. foraker threw his support to blaine, though he returned to sherman when the new englander did not run. in the end, the nomination fell to former indiana senator benjamin harrison. hanna never forgave what he saw as foraker's treason
555
[ "to", "chicago", "'", "s", "columbian", "exposition", "in", "1893", ".", "both", "visits", "were", "without", "florence", ".", "democrats", "generally", "won", "marion", "county", "'", "s", "offices", ";", "when", "harding", "ran", "for", "auditor", "in", "1895", ",", "he", "lost", ",", "but", "did", "better", "than", "expected", ".", "the", "following", "year", ",", "harding", "was", "one", "of", "many", "or", "##ators", "who", "spoke", "across", "ohio", "as", "part", "of", "the", "campaign", "of", "the", "republican", "presidential", "candidate", ",", "that", "state", "'", "s", "former", "governor", ",", "william", "mckinley", ".", "according", "to", "dean", ",", "\"", "while", "working", "for", "mckinley", "[", "harding", "]", "began", "making", "a", "name", "for", "himself", "through", "ohio", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "rising", "politician", "(", "1897", "–", "1919", ")", "=", "=", "harding", "wished", "to", "try", "again", "for", "elect", "##ive", "office", ".", "though", "a", "longtime", "admire", "##r", "of", "for", "##aker" ]
558,836
to chicago's columbian exposition in 1893. both visits were without florence. democrats generally won marion county's offices ; when harding ran for auditor in 1895, he lost, but did better than expected. the following year, harding was one of many orators who spoke across ohio as part of the campaign of the republican presidential candidate, that state's former governor, william mckinley. according to dean, " while working for mckinley [ harding ] began making a name for himself through ohio ". = = rising politician ( 1897 – 1919 ) = = harding wished to try again for elective office. though a longtime admirer of foraker
555
[ "managers", "arranged", "for", "mckinley", "to", "be", "permanent", "chairman", "of", "the", "convention", "in", "minneapolis", ",", "requiring", "him", "to", "play", "a", "public", ",", "neutral", "role", ".", "hanna", "established", "an", "unofficial", "mckinley", "headquarters", "near", "the", "convention", "hall", ",", "though", "no", "active", "effort", "was", "made", "to", "convert", "delegates", "to", "mckinley", "'", "s", "cause", ".", "mckinley", "objected", "to", "delegate", "votes", "being", "cast", "for", "him", ";", "nevertheless", "he", "finished", "third", ",", "behind", "the", "reno", "##minated", "harrison", ",", "and", "behind", "blaine", ",", "who", "had", "sent", "word", "he", "did", "not", "want", "to", "be", "considered", ".", "although", "mckinley", "campaigned", "loyal", "##ly", "for", "the", "republican", "ticket", ",", "harrison", "was", "defeated", "by", "former", "president", "cleveland", "in", "the", "november", "election", ".", "in", "the", "wake", "of", "cleveland", "'", "s", "victory", ",", "mckinley", "was", "seen", "by", "some", "as", "the", "likely", "republican", "candidate" ]
382,325
managers arranged for mckinley to be permanent chairman of the convention in minneapolis, requiring him to play a public, neutral role. hanna established an unofficial mckinley headquarters near the convention hall, though no active effort was made to convert delegates to mckinley's cause. mckinley objected to delegate votes being cast for him ; nevertheless he finished third, behind the renominated harrison, and behind blaine, who had sent word he did not want to be considered. although mckinley campaigned loyally for the republican ticket, harrison was defeated by former president cleveland in the november election. in the wake of cleveland's victory, mckinley was seen by some as the likely republican candidate
555
[ "campaign", "entitled", "him", "to", "a", "reward", ",", "and", "spec", "##ulates", "that", "hanna", "did", "not", "make", "any", "request", "of", "garfield", "because", "of", "their", "political", "differences", ".", "garfield", "'", "s", "short", "@", "-", "@", "lived", "administration", "ended", "with", "his", "assassination", "after", "six", "months", "in", "office", ".", "hanna", "was", "in", "charge", "of", "the", "committee", "which", "took", "charge", "of", "the", "late", "president", "'", "s", "body", "when", "it", "was", "brought", "to", "cleveland", "and", "saw", "to", "the", "funeral", "arrangements", "and", "inter", "##ment", "at", "lake", "view", "cemetery", "β€”", "where", "hanna", "himself", "was", "to", "be", "laid", "to", "rest", "over", "20", "years", "later", ".", "in", "1884", ",", "hanna", "sought", "election", "as", "a", "delegate", "to", "the", "republican", "national", "convention", "in", "support", "of", "the", "presidential", "bid", "of", "senator", "sherman", "(", "as", "he", "was", "by", "then", ")", "β€”", "president", "chester" ]
436,345
campaign entitled him to a reward, and speculates that hanna did not make any request of garfield because of their political differences. garfield's short @ - @ lived administration ended with his assassination after six months in office. hanna was in charge of the committee which took charge of the late president's body when it was brought to cleveland and saw to the funeral arrangements and interment at lake view cemetery β€” where hanna himself was to be laid to rest over 20 years later. in 1884, hanna sought election as a delegate to the republican national convention in support of the presidential bid of senator sherman ( as he was by then ) β€” president chester
555
[ ".", "after", "1888", ",", "there", "was", "a", "strong", "dislike", "between", "the", "two", "men", ",", "and", "the", "separation", "split", "the", "ohio", "republican", "party", "into", "two", "factions", ",", "a", "ru", "##pt", "##ure", "that", "did", "not", "heal", "until", "after", "hanna", "'", "s", "death", "in", "1904", ".", "for", "##aker", "stated", "in", "his", "memoirs", "that", "the", "break", "occurred", "because", "hanna", "bribe", "##d", "black", "delegates", "from", "the", "south", "in", "1888", ".", "however", ",", "ohio", "newspaper", "publisher", "j", ".", "b", ".", "morrow", "contra", "##dict", "##ed", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "account", ",", "stating", ":", "\"", "i", "was", "at", "the", "convention", "in", "1888", "and", "know", "senator", "for", "##aker", "[", "as", "he", "later", "became", "]", "brought", "great", "scandal", "to", "the", "ohio", "people", "who", "were", "there", "and", "to", "the", "delegates", "with", "his", "secret", "work", "with", "mr", ".", "blaine", "'" ]
436,354
. after 1888, there was a strong dislike between the two men, and the separation split the ohio republican party into two factions, a rupture that did not heal until after hanna's death in 1904. foraker stated in his memoirs that the break occurred because hanna bribed black delegates from the south in 1888. however, ohio newspaper publisher j. b. morrow contradicted foraker's account, stating : " i was at the convention in 1888 and know senator foraker [ as he later became ] brought great scandal to the ohio people who were there and to the delegates with his secret work with mr. blaine '
555
[ "several", "speeches", "on", "the", "night", "before", "election", "day", "urging", "republicans", "to", "vote", "the", "straight", "party", "ticket", ".", "nevertheless", ",", "sample", "ballots", "were", "sent", "to", "cleveland", "voters", ",", "telling", "them", "how", "best", "to", "cast", "their", "ballots", "so", "as", "to", "minimize", "hanna", "'", "s", "chances", ",", "and", "war", "##ken", "speculated", "that", "these", "had", "to", "come", "from", "mc", "##kis", "##son", ",", "as", "the", "only", "person", "with", "motive", "and", "opportunity", ".", "charles", "dick", ",", "then", "hanna", "'", "s", "aide", "and", "later", "his", "successor", "as", "senator", ",", "recounted", ",", "\"", "the", "opposition", "developed", "immediately", "after", "the", "election", ".", "i", "might", "say", "the", "plotting", ",", "so", "far", "as", "the", "bolt", "##ers", "were", "concerned", ",", "began", "before", "the", "election", ".", ".", ".", "the", "fifteen", "majority", "melted", "away", ".", "\"", "according", "to", "horne", "##r", ",", "\"" ]
316,379
several speeches on the night before election day urging republicans to vote the straight party ticket. nevertheless, sample ballots were sent to cleveland voters, telling them how best to cast their ballots so as to minimize hanna's chances, and warken speculated that these had to come from mckisson, as the only person with motive and opportunity. charles dick, then hanna's aide and later his successor as senator, recounted, " the opposition developed immediately after the election. i might say the plotting, so far as the bolters were concerned, began before the election... the fifteen majority melted away. " according to horner, "
555
[ "leadership", "were", "won", "by", "charles", "dick", ",", "a", "four", "@", "-", "@", "term", "congressman", "who", "had", "received", "favorable", "publicity", "due", "to", "his", "spanish", "–", "american", "war", "service", ".", "dick", "was", "able", "to", "work", "out", "an", "accommodation", "with", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "faction", "and", "was", "thereafter", "considered", "the", "leader", "of", "ohio", "'", "s", "republican", "\"", "stand", "@", "-", "@", "pat", "##ters", "\"", ",", "who", "saw", "no", "immediate", "need", "for", "social", "change", ".", "=", "=", "=", "war", "and", "territorial", "gain", "=", "=", "=", "in", "the", "year", "between", "his", "swearing", "@", "-", "@", "in", "and", "the", "1898", "spanish", "–", "american", "war", ",", "for", "##aker", "was", "an", "enthusiastic", "supporter", "of", "cuban", "independence", "from", "spain", ".", "a", "special", "session", "of", "congress", ",", "called", "at", "the", "request", "of", "president", "mckinley", ",", "met", "beginning", "in" ]
528,390
leadership were won by charles dick, a four @ - @ term congressman who had received favorable publicity due to his spanish – american war service. dick was able to work out an accommodation with foraker's faction and was thereafter considered the leader of ohio's republican " stand @ - @ patters ", who saw no immediate need for social change. = = = war and territorial gain = = = in the year between his swearing @ - @ in and the 1898 spanish – american war, foraker was an enthusiastic supporter of cuban independence from spain. a special session of congress, called at the request of president mckinley, met beginning in
555
[ "of", "800", "@", ",", "@", "000", "was", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "largest", ",", "and", "major", "dail", "##ies", "in", "cities", "such", "as", "philadelphia", ",", "detroit", ",", "and", "brooklyn", ".", "southern", "newspapers", "stayed", "with", "bryan", ";", "they", "were", "unwilling", "to", "end", "##ors", "##e", "mckinley", ",", "the", "choice", "of", "most", "african", "americans", ",", "though", "few", "of", "them", "could", "vote", "in", "the", "south", ".", "newspapers", "that", "supported", "other", "parties", "in", "western", "silver", "states", ",", "such", "as", "the", "pop", "##uli", "##st", "rocky", "mountain", "news", "of", "denver", ",", "colorado", ",", "and", "utah", "'", "s", "republican", "the", "salt", "lake", "tribune", ",", "quickly", "endorsed", "bryan", ".", "following", "his", "nomination", "in", "june", ",", "mckinley", "'", "s", "team", "had", "believed", "that", "the", "election", "would", "be", "fought", "on", "the", "issue", "of", "the", "protective", "tariff", ".", "chicago", "banker", "charles", "g" ]
263,857
of 800 @, @ 000 was the nation's largest, and major dailies in cities such as philadelphia, detroit, and brooklyn. southern newspapers stayed with bryan ; they were unwilling to endorse mckinley, the choice of most african americans, though few of them could vote in the south. newspapers that supported other parties in western silver states, such as the populist rocky mountain news of denver, colorado, and utah's republican the salt lake tribune, quickly endorsed bryan. following his nomination in june, mckinley's team had believed that the election would be fought on the issue of the protective tariff. chicago banker charles g
555
[ "but", "the", "president", "made", "the", "final", "decision", ".", "hanna", "was", "allowed", "to", "recommend", "candidates", "for", "the", "majority", "of", "federal", "positions", "in", "ohio", ",", "and", "was", "permitted", "a", "veto", "over", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "candidates", ".", "hanna", "was", "also", "dominant", "in", "the", "south", ",", "where", "there", "were", "few", "republican", "congress", "##men", "to", "lobby", "the", "president", ".", "he", "and", "mckinley", "decided", "on", "a", "system", "where", "many", "southern", "appoint", "##ees", "were", "recommended", "by", "the", "state", "'", "s", "member", "of", "the", "republican", "national", "committee", "and", "the", "defeated", "republican", "congressional", "candidate", "for", "the", "area", "in", "question", ".", "hanna", "and", "mckinley", "gave", "few", "places", "to", "those", "who", "had", "served", "under", "harrison", ",", "as", "the", "two", "presidents", "were", "not", "friendly", ".", "\"", "silver", "republicans", "\"", ",", "who", "had", "bolted", "the", "party", "at", "the", "convention", "or" ]
436,407
but the president made the final decision. hanna was allowed to recommend candidates for the majority of federal positions in ohio, and was permitted a veto over foraker's candidates. hanna was also dominant in the south, where there were few republican congressmen to lobby the president. he and mckinley decided on a system where many southern appointees were recommended by the state's member of the republican national committee and the defeated republican congressional candidate for the area in question. hanna and mckinley gave few places to those who had served under harrison, as the two presidents were not friendly. " silver republicans ", who had bolted the party at the convention or
555
[ "be", "held", "in", "january", "1892", "β€”", "and", "he", "agreed", "to", "nominate", "mckinley", "for", "governor", "at", "the", "state", "convention", "in", "columbus", ".", "mckinley", "was", "elected", ",", "and", "sherman", "narrowly", "turned", "back", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "challenge", "with", "considerable", "help", "from", "hanna", ".", "harrison", "had", "proven", "unpopular", "even", "in", "his", "own", "party", ",", "and", "by", "the", "start", "of", "1892", ",", "mckinley", "was", "talked", "about", "as", "a", "potential", "presidential", "candidate", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "name", "was", "not", "offered", "in", "nomination", "at", "the", "1892", "republican", "national", "convention", ",", "where", "he", "served", "as", "permanent", "chairman", ",", "but", "some", "delegates", "voted", "for", "him", "anyway", ",", "and", "he", "finished", "third", "behind", "harrison", "(", "who", "won", "a", "first", "ballot", "victory", ")", "and", "blaine", ".", "hanna", "had", "sought", "support", "from", "delegates", ",", "but", "his", "and", "mckinley", "'" ]
830,623
be held in january 1892 β€” and he agreed to nominate mckinley for governor at the state convention in columbus. mckinley was elected, and sherman narrowly turned back foraker's challenge with considerable help from hanna. harrison had proven unpopular even in his own party, and by the start of 1892, mckinley was talked about as a potential presidential candidate. mckinley's name was not offered in nomination at the 1892 republican national convention, where he served as permanent chairman, but some delegates voted for him anyway, and he finished third behind harrison ( who won a first ballot victory ) and blaine. hanna had sought support from delegates, but his and mckinley '
555
[ "color", "of", "its", "brick", "##work", ")", "for", "the", "large", "number", "of", "politically", "important", "visitors", "and", "meetings", "held", "on", "the", "premises", "during", "hobart", "'", "s", "tenure", "there", ".", "hobart", "'", "s", "failing", "health", "led", "the", "family", "to", "leave", "the", "tay", "##loe", "house", "in", "the", "fall", "of", "1899", "and", "return", "to", "new", "jersey", "(", "where", "hobart", "died", "on", "november", "21", ")", ".", "cameron", "then", "leased", "the", "home", "to", "senator", "mark", "hanna", "from", "january", "1900", "to", "1902", ".", "hanna", "developed", "his", "plans", "for", "the", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "of", "president", "mckinley", "while", "resident", "in", "the", "house", ",", "plans", "which", "gave", "rise", "to", "the", "first", "\"", "big", "money", "\"", "presidential", "election", "in", "u", ".", "s", ".", "history", ".", "the", "home", "was", "also", "host", "to", "hanna", "'", "s", "famous", "large", "breakfast", "##s" ]
433,302
color of its brickwork ) for the large number of politically important visitors and meetings held on the premises during hobart's tenure there. hobart's failing health led the family to leave the tayloe house in the fall of 1899 and return to new jersey ( where hobart died on november 21 ). cameron then leased the home to senator mark hanna from january 1900 to 1902. hanna developed his plans for the re @ - @ election of president mckinley while resident in the house, plans which gave rise to the first " big money " presidential election in u. s. history. the home was also host to hanna's famous large breakfasts
555
[ "in", "1843", "in", "nile", "##s", ",", "ohio", ".", "after", "service", "in", "the", "civil", "war", ",", "he", "became", "a", "lawyer", "and", "settled", "in", "canton", ",", "ohio", ".", "in", "1876", ",", "he", "was", "elected", "to", "congress", "and", "remained", "there", "most", "of", "the", "time", "until", "1890", ",", "when", "he", "was", "defeated", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "in", "a", "gerry", "##man", "##der", "##ed", "district", ".", "by", "this", "time", "he", "was", "considered", "a", "likely", "presidential", "candidate", ",", "especially", "when", "elected", "governor", "in", "1891", "and", "1893", ".", "mckinley", "had", "inca", "##uti", "##ously", "co", "@", "-", "@", "signed", "the", "loans", "of", "a", "friend", ",", "and", "demands", "for", "repay", "##ment", "were", "made", "on", "him", "when", "his", "friend", "went", "bankrupt", "in", "the", "panic", "of", "1893", ".", "personal", "ins", "##ol", "##ven", "##cy", "would", "have", "removed", "mckinley", "as" ]
830,613
in 1843 in niles, ohio. after service in the civil war, he became a lawyer and settled in canton, ohio. in 1876, he was elected to congress and remained there most of the time until 1890, when he was defeated for re @ - @ election in a gerrymandered district. by this time he was considered a likely presidential candidate, especially when elected governor in 1891 and 1893. mckinley had incautiously co @ - @ signed the loans of a friend, and demands for repayment were made on him when his friend went bankrupt in the panic of 1893. personal insolvency would have removed mckinley as
555
[ "horne", "##r", "noted", ",", "\"", "what", "is", "certainly", "true", "is", "that", "in", "1888", "the", "two", "men", "began", "to", "develop", "a", "close", "working", "relationship", "that", "helped", "put", "mckinley", "in", "the", "white", "house", ".", "\"", "sherman", "did", "not", "run", "for", "president", "again", "after", "1888", ",", "and", "so", "hanna", "could", "support", "mckinley", "'", "s", "ambitions", "for", "that", "office", "whole", "##hearted", "##ly", ".", "backed", "by", "hanna", "'", "s", "money", "and", "organizational", "skills", ",", "mckinley", "quietly", "built", "support", "for", "a", "presidential", "bid", "through", "1895", "and", "early", "1896", ".", "when", "other", "contenders", "such", "as", "speaker", "reed", "and", "iowa", "senator", "william", "b", ".", "allison", "sent", "agents", "outside", "their", "states", "to", "organize", "republicans", "in", "support", "of", "their", "candi", "##da", "##cies", ",", "they", "found", "that", "hanna", "'", "s", "agents", "had", "preceded", "them", ".", "according", "to", "historian", "stanley" ]
382,330
horner noted, " what is certainly true is that in 1888 the two men began to develop a close working relationship that helped put mckinley in the white house. " sherman did not run for president again after 1888, and so hanna could support mckinley's ambitions for that office wholeheartedly. backed by hanna's money and organizational skills, mckinley quietly built support for a presidential bid through 1895 and early 1896. when other contenders such as speaker reed and iowa senator william b. allison sent agents outside their states to organize republicans in support of their candidacies, they found that hanna's agents had preceded them. according to historian stanley
555
[ "1896", ",", "mckinley", "had", "an", "ample", "majority", "of", "delegates", ".", "the", "former", "governor", ",", "who", "remained", "in", "canton", ",", "followed", "events", "at", "the", "convention", "closely", "by", "telephone", ",", "and", "was", "able", "to", "hear", "part", "of", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "speech", "no", "##minating", "him", "over", "the", "line", ".", "when", "ohio", "was", "reached", "in", "the", "roll", "call", "of", "states", ",", "its", "votes", "gave", "mckinley", "the", "nomination", ",", "which", "he", "celebrated", "by", "hugging", "his", "wife", "and", "mother", "as", "his", "friends", "fled", "the", "house", ",", "anticipating", "the", "first", "of", "many", "crowds", "that", "gathered", "at", "the", "republican", "candidate", "'", "s", "home", ".", "thousands", "of", "partisans", "came", "from", "canton", "and", "surrounding", "towns", "that", "evening", "to", "hear", "mckinley", "speak", "from", "his", "front", "porch", ".", "the", "convention", "nominated", "republican", "national", "committee", "vice", "chairman", "ga", "##rret", "hobart" ]
382,335
1896, mckinley had an ample majority of delegates. the former governor, who remained in canton, followed events at the convention closely by telephone, and was able to hear part of foraker's speech nominating him over the line. when ohio was reached in the roll call of states, its votes gave mckinley the nomination, which he celebrated by hugging his wife and mother as his friends fled the house, anticipating the first of many crowds that gathered at the republican candidate's home. thousands of partisans came from canton and surrounding towns that evening to hear mckinley speak from his front porch. the convention nominated republican national committee vice chairman garret hobart
555
[ "early", "relationship", "=", "=", "=", "it", "is", "uncertain", "when", "william", "mckinley", "and", "mark", "hanna", "first", "met", "β€”", "neither", "man", "in", "later", "life", "could", "remember", "the", "first", "meeting", ".", "mckinley", ",", "in", "1896", ",", "referred", "to", "a", "friendship", "with", "hanna", "that", "had", "lasted", "over", "twenty", "years", ";", "hanna", ",", "in", "1903", ",", "stated", "after", "some", "thought", "that", "he", "had", "met", "mckinley", "before", "1876", ".", "mckinley", "biographer", "h", ".", "wayne", "morgan", "suggests", "that", "the", "two", "men", "may", "have", "met", "as", "early", "as", "1871", ",", "although", "initially", "without", "making", "much", "impression", "on", "each", "other", ".", "the", "two", "men", "certainly", "met", "in", "1876", ",", "when", "mckinley", ",", "a", "lawyer", ",", "represented", "a", "number", "of", "coal", "miners", "who", "had", "riot", "##ed", "following", "attempts", "by", "owners", "to", "cut", "wages", ".", "hanna", "was", "one", "of" ]
436,349
early relationship = = = it is uncertain when william mckinley and mark hanna first met β€” neither man in later life could remember the first meeting. mckinley, in 1896, referred to a friendship with hanna that had lasted over twenty years ; hanna, in 1903, stated after some thought that he had met mckinley before 1876. mckinley biographer h. wayne morgan suggests that the two men may have met as early as 1871, although initially without making much impression on each other. the two men certainly met in 1876, when mckinley, a lawyer, represented a number of coal miners who had rioted following attempts by owners to cut wages. hanna was one of
555
[ "to", "the", "happy", "homes", "of", "american", "working", "##men", ",", "and", "as", "a", "security", "to", "their", "education", ",", "their", "wages", ",", "and", "their", "investments", ".", ".", ".", "it", "will", "bring", "to", "this", "country", "a", "prosperity", "un", "##para", "##lle", "##led", "in", "our", "own", "history", "and", "un", "##ri", "##val", "##led", "in", "the", "history", "of", "the", "world", ".", "\"", "democrats", "ran", "a", "strong", "candidate", "in", "former", "lieutenant", "governor", "john", "g", ".", "warwick", ".", "to", "drive", "their", "point", "home", ",", "they", "hired", "young", "partisans", "to", "pretend", "to", "be", "pe", "##ddle", "##rs", ",", "who", "went", "door", "to", "door", "offering", "25", "@", "-", "@", "cent", "tin", "##ware", "to", "house", "##wives", "for", "50", "cents", ",", "explaining", "the", "rise", "in", "prices", "was", "due", "to", "the", "mckinley", "tariff", ".", "in", "the", "end", ",", "mckinley", "lost", "by", "300", "votes" ]
382,321
to the happy homes of american workingmen, and as a security to their education, their wages, and their investments... it will bring to this country a prosperity unparalleled in our own history and unrivalled in the history of the world. " democrats ran a strong candidate in former lieutenant governor john g. warwick. to drive their point home, they hired young partisans to pretend to be peddlers, who went door to door offering 25 @ - @ cent tinware to housewives for 50 cents, explaining the rise in prices was due to the mckinley tariff. in the end, mckinley lost by 300 votes
555
[ "##ick", ",", "a", "friend", "of", "the", "president", ",", "and", "then", "with", "mckinley", "'", "s", "close", "friend", "and", "adviser", ",", "ohio", "senator", "mark", "hanna", ".", "upon", "arrival", "in", "buffalo", ",", "the", "presidential", "party", "was", "driven", "through", "the", "fair", "##grounds", "on", "the", "way", "to", "the", "mil", "##burn", "house", ",", "pausing", "for", "a", "moment", "at", "the", "triumph", "##al", "bridge", "at", "the", "exposition", "so", "the", "visitors", "could", "look", "upon", "the", "fair", "'", "s", "attractions", ".", "while", "in", "buffalo", ",", "mckinley", "had", "two", "days", "of", "events", ":", "on", "thursday", ",", "september", "5", ",", "he", "was", "to", "deliver", "his", "address", "and", "then", "tour", "the", "fair", ".", "the", "following", "day", ",", "he", "was", "to", "visit", "niagara", "falls", ",", "and", ",", "on", "his", "return", "to", "buffalo", ",", "meet", "the", "public", "at", "the", "temple", "of", "music", "on" ]
521,649
##ick, a friend of the president, and then with mckinley's close friend and adviser, ohio senator mark hanna. upon arrival in buffalo, the presidential party was driven through the fairgrounds on the way to the milburn house, pausing for a moment at the triumphal bridge at the exposition so the visitors could look upon the fair's attractions. while in buffalo, mckinley had two days of events : on thursday, september 5, he was to deliver his address and then tour the fair. the following day, he was to visit niagara falls, and, on his return to buffalo, meet the public at the temple of music on
555
[ ";", "if", "he", "opposed", "it", ",", "he", "risked", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "wrath", ".", "hanna", "wired", "roosevelt", ",", "who", "was", "on", "a", "western", "trip", ",", "that", "he", "intended", "to", "oppose", "it", "and", "would", "explain", "all", "when", "both", "men", "were", "in", "washington", ".", "roosevelt", "responded", "that", "while", "he", "had", "not", "requested", "support", "from", "anyone", ",", "those", "friendly", "to", "his", "administration", "would", "naturally", "vote", "for", "such", "a", "statement", ".", "hanna", "resigned", "##ly", "supported", "the", "resolution", ".", "the", "1903", "convention", "also", "endorsed", "hanna", "for", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "to", "the", "senate", ",", "and", "nominated", "hanna", "'", "s", "friend", "my", "##ron", "herr", "##ick", "for", "governor", ".", "the", "for", "##aker", "faction", "was", "allowed", "the", "nomination", "for", "lieutenant", "governor", ",", "given", "to", "warren", "g", ".", "harding", ",", "who", "later", "became", "president", ".", "hanna", "campaigned" ]
436,435
; if he opposed it, he risked roosevelt's wrath. hanna wired roosevelt, who was on a western trip, that he intended to oppose it and would explain all when both men were in washington. roosevelt responded that while he had not requested support from anyone, those friendly to his administration would naturally vote for such a statement. hanna resignedly supported the resolution. the 1903 convention also endorsed hanna for re @ - @ election to the senate, and nominated hanna's friend myron herrick for governor. the foraker faction was allowed the nomination for lieutenant governor, given to warren g. harding, who later became president. hanna campaigned
555
[ "publicized", "service", "during", "the", "spanish", "–", "american", "war", ",", "and", "platt", "had", "little", "trouble", "per", "##su", "##ading", "state", "delegation", "##s", "to", "vote", "for", "roosevelt", "after", "mckinley", "'", "s", "reno", "##mina", "##tion", ".", "quay", "was", "a", "close", "platt", "ally", "in", "the", "effort", "to", "make", "roosevelt", "vice", "president", ".", "hanna", ",", "who", "felt", "roosevelt", "was", "overly", "imp", "##ulsive", ",", "did", "not", "want", "him", "on", "the", "ticket", ",", "but", "did", "not", "realize", "that", "the", "efforts", "were", "serious", "until", "he", "was", "already", "at", "the", "convention", "in", "philadelphia", ".", "as", "many", "of", "the", "delegates", "were", "political", "appoint", "##ees", ",", "hanna", "hoped", "to", "persuade", "mckinley", "to", "use", "patronage", "to", "get", "the", "delegates", "to", "vote", "for", "another", "candidate", ".", "after", "emerging", "from", "the", "telephone", "booth", "from", "which", "he", "had", "tried", "and", "failed", "to", "get", "mckinley" ]
436,419
publicized service during the spanish – american war, and platt had little trouble persuading state delegations to vote for roosevelt after mckinley's renomination. quay was a close platt ally in the effort to make roosevelt vice president. hanna, who felt roosevelt was overly impulsive, did not want him on the ticket, but did not realize that the efforts were serious until he was already at the convention in philadelphia. as many of the delegates were political appointees, hanna hoped to persuade mckinley to use patronage to get the delegates to vote for another candidate. after emerging from the telephone booth from which he had tried and failed to get mckinley
555
[ ",", "now", "we", "'", "ll", "have", "this", "sort", "of", "thing", "again", "!", "\"", "after", "the", "war", ",", "hanna", "supported", "mckinley", "'", "s", "decision", "to", "annex", "spanish", "colonies", "such", "as", "puerto", "rico", "and", "guam", ".", "vice", "president", "hobart", "had", "died", "in", "late", "1899", ".", "president", "mckinley", "was", "content", "to", "leave", "the", "choice", "of", "a", "vice", "presidential", "candidate", "for", "1900", "to", "the", "upcoming", "republican", "convention", ".", "new", "york", "senator", "platt", "disliked", "his", "state", "'", "s", "governor", ",", "former", "assistant", "secretary", "of", "the", "navy", "theodore", "roosevelt", ",", "who", "had", "pursued", "a", "reform", "##ist", "agenda", "in", "his", "year", "and", "a", "half", "in", "office", ".", "platt", "hoped", "to", "side", "##line", "roosevelt", "politically", "by", "making", "him", "vice", "president", ".", "roosevelt", "was", "a", "popular", "choice", "in", "any", "event", "because", "of", "his", "well", "@", "-", "@" ]
436,418
, now we'll have this sort of thing again! " after the war, hanna supported mckinley's decision to annex spanish colonies such as puerto rico and guam. vice president hobart had died in late 1899. president mckinley was content to leave the choice of a vice presidential candidate for 1900 to the upcoming republican convention. new york senator platt disliked his state's governor, former assistant secretary of the navy theodore roosevelt, who had pursued a reformist agenda in his year and a half in office. platt hoped to sideline roosevelt politically by making him vice president. roosevelt was a popular choice in any event because of his well @ - @
555
[ "a", "recess", ",", "hanna", "refused", ",", "wanting", "the", "convention", "to", "complete", "its", "work", "that", "day", ",", "and", "the", "delegates", "proceeded", "to", "the", "presidential", "nomination", ".", "mckinley", "had", "insisted", "that", "for", "##aker", "nominate", "him", "to", "demonstrate", "the", "unity", "of", "the", "ohio", "republican", "party", ",", "and", "after", "some", "reluctance", "by", "the", "senator", "@", "-", "@", "elect", ",", "who", "feared", "blame", "if", "anything", "went", "wrong", ",", "for", "##aker", "agreed", ".", "mckinley", "was", "waiting", "with", "family", "and", "friends", "at", "his", "house", "in", "canton", ",", "being", "kept", "up", "to", "date", "by", "telegraph", "and", "telephone", ".", "he", "was", "able", "to", "listen", "to", "part", "of", "for", "##aker", "'", "s", "speech", ",", "and", "the", "tremendous", "reception", "that", "met", "it", ",", "over", "the", "phone", "line", ".", "mckinley", "was", "easily", "nominated", "on", "the", "first", "ballot", ",", "with", "reed" ]
830,645
a recess, hanna refused, wanting the convention to complete its work that day, and the delegates proceeded to the presidential nomination. mckinley had insisted that foraker nominate him to demonstrate the unity of the ohio republican party, and after some reluctance by the senator @ - @ elect, who feared blame if anything went wrong, foraker agreed. mckinley was waiting with family and friends at his house in canton, being kept up to date by telegraph and telephone. he was able to listen to part of foraker's speech, and the tremendous reception that met it, over the phone line. mckinley was easily nominated on the first ballot, with reed
555
[ "belgium", ".", "hobart", "'", "s", "failing", "health", "led", "the", "family", "to", "leave", "the", "tay", "##loe", "house", "in", "the", "fall", "of", "1899", "and", "cameron", "then", "leased", "the", "home", "to", "republican", "senator", "mark", "hanna", "from", "january", "1900", "to", "1902", ".", "hanna", "'", "s", "important", "political", "discussions", "of", "the", "moment", "with", "william", "mckinley", "and", "theodore", "roosevelt", "over", "substantial", "breakfast", "##s", "of", "corn", "##ed", "beef", "hash", "and", "pancakes", "became", "famous", ".", "the", "congressional", "union", "for", "woman", "suffrage", "leased", "the", "house", "in", "the", "fall", "of", "1915", ",", "and", "made", "the", "building", "its", "headquarters", "for", "two", "years", ".", "the", "cosmos", "club", "had", "considered", "purchasing", "the", "house", "from", "the", "tay", "##loe", "family", "in", "1885", "and", "eventually", "bought", "it", "in", "december", "1917", ".", "they", "vacated", "it", "in", "1952", "to", "move", "to", "their", "new", "headquarters", ";", "the" ]
433,289
belgium. hobart's failing health led the family to leave the tayloe house in the fall of 1899 and cameron then leased the home to republican senator mark hanna from january 1900 to 1902. hanna's important political discussions of the moment with william mckinley and theodore roosevelt over substantial breakfasts of corned beef hash and pancakes became famous. the congressional union for woman suffrage leased the house in the fall of 1915, and made the building its headquarters for two years. the cosmos club had considered purchasing the house from the tayloe family in 1885 and eventually bought it in december 1917. they vacated it in 1952 to move to their new headquarters ; the
555
[ "jones", "in", "his", "study", "of", "the", "1896", "election", ",", "another", "feature", "common", "to", "the", "reed", "and", "allison", "campaigns", "was", "their", "failure", "to", "make", "head", "##way", "against", "the", "tide", "which", "was", "running", "toward", "mckinley", ".", "in", "fact", ",", "both", "campaigns", "from", "the", "moment", "they", "were", "launched", "were", "in", "retreat", ".", "the", "calm", "confidence", "with", "which", "each", "candidate", "claimed", "the", "support", "of", "his", "own", "section", "[", "of", "the", "country", "]", "soon", "gave", "way", "to", ".", ".", ".", "bitter", "accusations", "that", "hanna", "by", "winning", "support", "for", "mckinley", "in", "their", "sections", "had", "violated", "the", "rules", "of", "the", "game", ".", "hanna", ",", "on", "mckinley", "'", "s", "behalf", ",", "met", "with", "the", "eastern", "republican", "political", "bosses", ",", "such", "as", "senators", "thomas", "platt", "of", "new", "york", "and", "matthew", "quay", "of", "pennsylvania", ",", "who", "were", "willing" ]
382,331
jones in his study of the 1896 election, another feature common to the reed and allison campaigns was their failure to make headway against the tide which was running toward mckinley. in fact, both campaigns from the moment they were launched were in retreat. the calm confidence with which each candidate claimed the support of his own section [ of the country ] soon gave way to... bitter accusations that hanna by winning support for mckinley in their sections had violated the rules of the game. hanna, on mckinley's behalf, met with the eastern republican political bosses, such as senators thomas platt of new york and matthew quay of pennsylvania, who were willing
555
[ "informed", "mckinley", "that", "the", "bosses", "would", "guarantee", "his", "nomination", "in", "exchange", "for", "control", "of", "local", "patronage", ".", "mckinley", "was", "unwilling", "to", "make", "such", "a", "deal", ",", "and", "hanna", "duly", "undertook", "to", "gain", "the", "former", "governor", "'", "s", "nomination", "without", "machine", "support", ".", "historian", "r", ".", "hal", "williams", "summarized", "the", "relationship", "between", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", ":", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "made", "an", "effective", "team", ".", "the", "major", "commanded", ",", "decided", "general", "strategies", ",", "selected", "issues", "and", "programs", ".", "he", "stressed", "ideals", ".", ".", ".", "hanna", "organized", ",", "built", "coalition", "##s", ",", "performed", "the", "rough", "##er", "work", "for", "which", "mckinley", "had", "neither", "taste", "nor", "energy", ".", "importantly", ",", "they", "shared", "a", "hamilton", "##ian", "faith", "in", "the", "virtue", "of", "industrial", "##ism", ",", "central", "authority", ",", "and", "expansive", "capitalism", ".", "that", "faith", "," ]
436,369
informed mckinley that the bosses would guarantee his nomination in exchange for control of local patronage. mckinley was unwilling to make such a deal, and hanna duly undertook to gain the former governor's nomination without machine support. historian r. hal williams summarized the relationship between mckinley and hanna : mckinley and hanna made an effective team. the major commanded, decided general strategies, selected issues and programs. he stressed ideals... hanna organized, built coalitions, performed the rougher work for which mckinley had neither taste nor energy. importantly, they shared a hamiltonian faith in the virtue of industrialism, central authority, and expansive capitalism. that faith,
555
[ "on", "which", "delegates", "would", "be", "seated", ";", "there", "were", "contested", "seats", "or", "rival", "delegation", "##s", "in", "several", "states", ",", "and", "ruling", "##s", "against", "mckinley", "could", "still", "de", "##pr", "##ive", "him", "of", "a", "first", "@", "-", "@", "ballot", "majority", ".", "when", "the", "rn", "##c", "met", "in", "mid", "@", "-", "@", "june", ",", "just", "prior", "to", "the", "convention", ",", "mckinley", "was", "easily", "victorious", "in", "almost", "all", "cases", ".", "=", "=", "=", "republican", "convention", "=", "=", "=", "the", "1896", "republican", "national", "convention", "convened", "at", "the", "wig", "##wa", "##m", ",", "a", "temporary", "structure", "in", "st", ".", "louis", ",", "on", "june", "16", ".", "with", "most", "credentials", "battles", "settled", "in", "mckinley", "'", "s", "favor", ",", "the", "roll", "of", "delegates", "drawn", "up", "by", "the", "rn", "##c", "heavily", "favored", "the", "ohio", "##an", ",", "though", "reed", "," ]
830,641
on which delegates would be seated ; there were contested seats or rival delegations in several states, and rulings against mckinley could still deprive him of a first @ - @ ballot majority. when the rnc met in mid @ - @ june, just prior to the convention, mckinley was easily victorious in almost all cases. = = = republican convention = = = the 1896 republican national convention convened at the wigwam, a temporary structure in st. louis, on june 16. with most credentials battles settled in mckinley's favor, the roll of delegates drawn up by the rnc heavily favored the ohioan, though reed,
555
[ "planned", "to", "resign", "and", "earn", "the", "money", "as", "a", "lawyer", ".", "he", "was", "rescued", "by", "hanna", "and", "other", "wealthy", "supporters", ",", "who", "raised", "the", "money", "to", "pay", "the", "loans", ".", "according", "to", "mckinley", "biographer", "kevin", "phillips", ",", "the", "governor", "'", "s", "back", "##ers", "\"", "paid", "off", "the", "co", "##si", "##gned", "notes", "so", "that", "mckinley", "β€”", "by", "now", ",", "the", "probable", "next", "president", "β€”", "did", "not", "need", "to", "go", "back", "to", "practicing", "law", "\"", ".", "the", "public", "sy", "##mp", "##athi", "##zed", "with", "mckinley", "for", "his", "financial", "trouble", ",", "and", "he", "was", "easily", "re", "@", "-", "@", "elected", "as", "governor", "in", "late", "1893", ".", "at", "that", "time", ",", "the", "united", "states", ",", "for", "all", "practical", "purposes", ",", "was", "on", "the", "gold", "standard", ".", "many", "democrats", ",", "and", "some", "republicans", "," ]
830,626
planned to resign and earn the money as a lawyer. he was rescued by hanna and other wealthy supporters, who raised the money to pay the loans. according to mckinley biographer kevin phillips, the governor's backers " paid off the cosigned notes so that mckinley β€” by now, the probable next president β€” did not need to go back to practicing law ". the public sympathized with mckinley for his financial trouble, and he was easily re @ - @ elected as governor in late 1893. at that time, the united states, for all practical purposes, was on the gold standard. many democrats, and some republicans,
555
[ ".", "da", "##wes", ",", "a", "mckinley", "advisor", "who", "had", "known", "bryan", "when", "both", "lived", "in", "lincoln", ",", "had", "predicted", "to", "mckinley", "and", "his", "friend", "and", "campaign", "manager", ",", "mark", "hanna", ",", "that", "if", "bryan", "had", "the", "chance", "to", "speak", "to", "the", "convention", ",", "he", "would", "be", "its", "choice", ".", "mckinley", "and", "hanna", "gently", "mocked", "da", "##wes", ",", "telling", "him", "that", "bland", "would", "be", "the", "nominee", ".", "in", "the", "three", "weeks", "between", "the", "two", "conventions", ",", "mckinley", "spoke", "only", "on", "the", "tariff", "question", ",", "and", "when", "journalist", "mu", "##rat", "hal", "##stead", "telephone", "##d", "him", "from", "chicago", "to", "inform", "him", "that", "bryan", "would", "be", "nominated", ",", "he", "responded", "dismiss", "##ively", "and", "hung", "up", "the", "phone", ".", "when", "bryan", "was", "nominated", "on", "a", "silver", "platform", ",", "the", "republicans", "were", "briefly", "gr" ]
263,858
. dawes, a mckinley advisor who had known bryan when both lived in lincoln, had predicted to mckinley and his friend and campaign manager, mark hanna, that if bryan had the chance to speak to the convention, he would be its choice. mckinley and hanna gently mocked dawes, telling him that bland would be the nominee. in the three weeks between the two conventions, mckinley spoke only on the tariff question, and when journalist murat halstead telephoned him from chicago to inform him that bryan would be nominated, he responded dismissively and hung up the phone. when bryan was nominated on a silver platform, the republicans were briefly gr
555
[ "mckinley", "because", "of", "the", "dislike", "the", "american", "protective", "association", "had", "for", "him", ".", "ro", "##ve", "saw", "several", "reasons", "for", "mckinley", "'", "s", "triumph", ".", "mckinley", "campaigned", "on", "big", "issues", ",", "the", "tariff", "and", "sound", "money", ".", "the", "candidate", "went", "after", "bryan", "'", "s", "strongest", "issue", ",", "silver", ",", "arguing", "that", "bi", "##met", "##all", "##ism", "would", "harm", "americans", "and", "hit", "the", "working", "class", "hardest", ".", "mckinley", "'", "s", "theme", "was", "that", "it", "was", "morally", "wrong", "to", "de", "##base", "the", "currency", ";", "he", "linked", "his", "stand", "for", "sound", "money", "with", "the", "tariff", "and", "with", "patriot", "##ism", ",", "appealing", "to", "crucial", "voter", "bloc", "##s", "who", "gave", "mckinley", "the", "biggest", "victory", "in", "a", "presidential", "election", "since", "grant", "in", "1872", ".", "he", "reached", "out", "to", "immigrants", "and", "urban", "factory", "workers", ",", "recognizing", "their" ]
830,682
mckinley because of the dislike the american protective association had for him. rove saw several reasons for mckinley's triumph. mckinley campaigned on big issues, the tariff and sound money. the candidate went after bryan's strongest issue, silver, arguing that bimetallism would harm americans and hit the working class hardest. mckinley's theme was that it was morally wrong to debase the currency ; he linked his stand for sound money with the tariff and with patriotism, appealing to crucial voter blocs who gave mckinley the biggest victory in a presidential election since grant in 1872. he reached out to immigrants and urban factory workers, recognizing their
555
[ "the", "clear", "##ness", "of", "his", "opinion", ",", "but", "in", "the", "end", "he", "always", "followed", "his", "own", "judgment", "\"", ".", "as", "the", "year", "1900", "began", ",", "hanna", "hinted", "that", "he", "might", "not", "want", "to", "run", "mckinley", "'", "s", "re", "@", "-", "@", "election", "campaign", ",", "stating", "that", "he", "was", "suffering", "from", "r", "##he", "##uma", "##tism", ".", "in", "spite", "of", "his", "statement", ",", "the", "senator", "did", "want", "to", "run", "the", "campaign", ",", "but", "mckinley", "(", "who", "apparently", "saw", "an", "opportunity", "to", "show", "the", "public", "that", "he", "was", "not", "hanna", "'", "s", "creature", ")", "was", "slow", "to", "ask", "him", ".", "this", "was", "a", "source", "of", "great", "stress", "to", "hanna", ",", "who", "was", "concerned", "about", "the", "campaign", "and", "his", "relationship", "with", "mckinley", ";", "the", "senator", "faint", "##ed", "in", "his", "office", "during", "the" ]
436,409
the clearness of his opinion, but in the end he always followed his own judgment ". as the year 1900 began, hanna hinted that he might not want to run mckinley's re @ - @ election campaign, stating that he was suffering from rheumatism. in spite of his statement, the senator did want to run the campaign, but mckinley ( who apparently saw an opportunity to show the public that he was not hanna's creature ) was slow to ask him. this was a source of great stress to hanna, who was concerned about the campaign and his relationship with mckinley ; the senator fainted in his office during the
555
[ "ratified", "the", "selection", "of", "hobart", ",", "no", "##minating", "him", "on", "the", "first", "ballot", ".", "=", "=", "general", "election", "campaign", "=", "=", "=", "=", "=", "getting", "an", "opponent", "=", "=", "=", "in", "the", "days", "after", "the", "republican", "convention", ",", "mckinley", "remained", "in", "canton", ".", "hanna", "had", "been", "elected", "chairman", "of", "the", "rn", "##c", "during", "the", "convention", ";", "he", "established", "campaign", "headquarters", "in", "chicago", ",", "in", "the", "electoral", "##ly", "@", "-", "@", "crucial", "midwest", ",", "appointed", "an", "executive", "committee", "and", "began", "to", "organize", "the", "campaign", ",", "which", "as", "chairman", "was", "his", "responsibility", ".", "mckinley", "oversaw", "the", "activities", "of", "hanna", "and", "other", "key", "managers", ",", "and", "addressed", "delegation", "##s", "of", "workers", "who", "came", "to", "visit", "him", ".", "he", "met", "with", "hobart", ",", "who", "came", "to", "canton", "on", "a", "brief", "visit", "on" ]
830,648
ratified the selection of hobart, nominating him on the first ballot. = = general election campaign = = = = = getting an opponent = = = in the days after the republican convention, mckinley remained in canton. hanna had been elected chairman of the rnc during the convention ; he established campaign headquarters in chicago, in the electorally @ - @ crucial midwest, appointed an executive committee and began to organize the campaign, which as chairman was his responsibility. mckinley oversaw the activities of hanna and other key managers, and addressed delegations of workers who came to visit him. he met with hobart, who came to canton on a brief visit on
555
[ "s", "strategy", "is", "uncertain", ",", "due", "to", "lack", "of", "surviving", "documents", ".", "according", "to", "hanna", "biographer", "william", "t", ".", "horne", "##r", ",", "\"", "mckinley", "'", "s", "behavior", "at", "the", "convention", "supports", "the", "idea", "that", "he", "liked", "the", "attention", "but", "was", "not", "ready", "for", "a", "campaign", "\"", ".", "according", "to", "mckinley", "biographer", "h", ".", "wayne", "morgan", ",", "many", "delegates", "\"", "saw", "in", "[", "mckinley", "]", "their", "nominee", "for", "1896", "\"", ".", "=", "=", "gaining", "the", "nomination", "=", "=", "harrison", "was", "defeated", "in", "the", "november", "1892", "election", "by", "former", "president", "grover", "cleveland", ",", "a", "democrat", ",", "who", "returned", "to", "the", "white", "house", "in", "march", "1893", ".", "president", "harrison", "left", "office", "pro", "##claiming", "the", "nation", "'", "s", "prosperity", ",", "but", "in", "may", ",", "amid", "economic", "uncertainty", "that", "caused", "many", "people", "to" ]
830,624
s strategy is uncertain, due to lack of surviving documents. according to hanna biographer william t. horner, " mckinley's behavior at the convention supports the idea that he liked the attention but was not ready for a campaign ". according to mckinley biographer h. wayne morgan, many delegates " saw in [ mckinley ] their nominee for 1896 ". = = gaining the nomination = = harrison was defeated in the november 1892 election by former president grover cleveland, a democrat, who returned to the white house in march 1893. president harrison left office proclaiming the nation's prosperity, but in may, amid economic uncertainty that caused many people to
555
[ "'", "s", "lieutenant", "in", "chicago", "during", "the", "campaign", ",", "was", "considered", "for", "the", "treasury", "post", "but", "by", "some", "accounts", "da", "##wes", "considered", "himself", "too", "young", ".", "da", "##wes", "eventually", "became", "com", "##pt", "##roller", "of", "the", "currency", ";", "he", "recorded", "in", "his", "published", "diary", "that", "he", "had", "strongly", "urged", "mckinley", "to", "appoint", "as", "secretary", "the", "successful", "candidate", ",", "lyman", "j", ".", "gage", ",", "president", "of", "the", "first", "national", "bank", "of", "chicago", "and", "a", "gold", "democrat", ".", "the", "navy", "department", "was", "offered", "to", "former", "massachusetts", "congressman", "john", "davis", "long", ",", "an", "old", "friend", "from", "the", "house", ",", "on", "january", "30", ",", "1897", ".", "although", "mckinley", "was", "initially", "inclined", "to", "allow", "long", "to", "choose", "his", "own", "assistant", ",", "there", "was", "considerable", "pressure", "on", "the", "president", "@", "-", "@", "elect", "to", "appoint" ]
382,350
' s lieutenant in chicago during the campaign, was considered for the treasury post but by some accounts dawes considered himself too young. dawes eventually became comptroller of the currency ; he recorded in his published diary that he had strongly urged mckinley to appoint as secretary the successful candidate, lyman j. gage, president of the first national bank of chicago and a gold democrat. the navy department was offered to former massachusetts congressman john davis long, an old friend from the house, on january 30, 1897. although mckinley was initially inclined to allow long to choose his own assistant, there was considerable pressure on the president @ - @ elect to appoint
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[ "americans", "and", "their", "political", "leaders", "can", "still", "learn", "from", "the", "events", "of", "the", "1890s", ",", "whose", "lessons", "echo", "down", "the", "years", "today", ".", "\"", "harp", "##ine", "saw", "mckinley", "'", "s", "personal", "touch", "as", "key", "to", "his", "successful", "race", ":", "mckinley", "created", "the", "impression", "that", "he", "was", ",", "in", "the", "fashion", "of", "pre", "@", "-", "@", "civil", "war", "candidates", ",", "waiting", "casually", "at", "home", "for", "the", "people", "to", "elect", "him", ".", "yet", ",", "mckinley", "during", "the", "summer", "of", "1896", "initiated", "a", "vigorous", ",", "carefully", "crafted", "campaign", "that", "employed", "all", "of", "the", "resources", "available", "to", "him", "to", "reach", "and", "persuade", "the", "national", "voting", "public", ".", ".", ".", "there", "was", "something", "folks", "##y", "about", "campaigning", "so", "casually", "from", "a", "modest", ",", "middle", "@", "-", "@", "class", "home", ".", "when", "the", "th" ]
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americans and their political leaders can still learn from the events of the 1890s, whose lessons echo down the years today. " harpine saw mckinley's personal touch as key to his successful race : mckinley created the impression that he was, in the fashion of pre @ - @ civil war candidates, waiting casually at home for the people to elect him. yet, mckinley during the summer of 1896 initiated a vigorous, carefully crafted campaign that employed all of the resources available to him to reach and persuade the national voting public... there was something folksy about campaigning so casually from a modest, middle @ - @ class home. when the th
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[ "is", "that", "money", "is", "power", ".", "bradley", ",", "a", "former", "basketball", "player", ",", "mentioned", "that", "when", "he", "was", "being", "interviewed", "in", "high", "school", ",", "he", "stated", "that", "hanna", "was", "one", "of", "his", "heroes", ".", "by", "the", "time", "he", "wrote", "the", "book", ",", "however", ",", "bradley", "had", "come", "to", "believe", "in", "limits", "on", "campaign", "spending", "and", "blamed", "hanna", "for", "a", "sharp", "es", "##cala", "##tion", "in", "campaign", "costs", ".", "bradley", "also", "stated", "what", "horne", "##r", "terms", "mis", "##cha", "##rac", "##ter", "##izations", "of", "hanna", ":", "that", "he", "was", "the", "republican", "boss", "of", "ohio", ",", "and", "that", "he", "did", "his", "best", "to", "disrupt", "roosevelt", "'", "s", "presidency", ".", "bradley", "alleged", "that", "since", "1896", ",", "republicans", "have", "raised", "money", "easily", "from", "the", "rich", ".", "despite", "his", "condemnation", "of", "hanna", ",", "bradley", "wrote", "that" ]
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is that money is power. bradley, a former basketball player, mentioned that when he was being interviewed in high school, he stated that hanna was one of his heroes. by the time he wrote the book, however, bradley had come to believe in limits on campaign spending and blamed hanna for a sharp escalation in campaign costs. bradley also stated what horner terms mischaracterizations of hanna : that he was the republican boss of ohio, and that he did his best to disrupt roosevelt's presidency. bradley alleged that since 1896, republicans have raised money easily from the rich. despite his condemnation of hanna, bradley wrote that
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[ ",", "\"", "mark", "hanna", "\"", ",", "\"", "republican", "\"", ",", "and", "\"", "protection", "\"", ",", "were", "donated", "to", "the", "local", "zoo", ".", "despite", "the", "initial", "popularity", "of", "bryan", "'", "s", "message", ",", "hanna", "was", "convinced", "the", "democrat", "'", "s", "support", "would", "rec", "##ede", ".", "\"", "he", "'", "s", "talking", "silver", "all", "the", "time", ",", "and", "that", "'", "s", "where", "we", "'", "ve", "got", "him", "\"", ",", "hanna", "stated", ",", "pounding", "his", "desk", ",", "in", "july", ".", "he", "proved", "correct", ";", "the", "silver", "enthusiasm", "wan", "##ed", "by", "september", "and", "bryan", "had", "no", "ready", "replacement", "for", "it", ".", "mckinley", ",", "on", "the", "other", "hand", ",", "convinced", "that", "his", "\"", "sound", "money", "\"", "campaign", "had", "worked", ",", "began", "to", "promote", "his", "tariff", "issue", ",", "stating", "to", "the", "crowds", "on", "his", "front" ]
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, " mark hanna ", " republican ", and " protection ", were donated to the local zoo. despite the initial popularity of bryan's message, hanna was convinced the democrat's support would recede. " he's talking silver all the time, and that's where we've got him ", hanna stated, pounding his desk, in july. he proved correct ; the silver enthusiasm waned by september and bryan had no ready replacement for it. mckinley, on the other hand, convinced that his " sound money " campaign had worked, began to promote his tariff issue, stating to the crowds on his front
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