tokens
sequence
idx
int64
1
880k
text
stringlengths
155
866
cluster
int64
0
999
[ "to", "have", "lost", "\"", "all", "hope", ",", "his", "heart", ",", "his", "drive", ",", "his", "ambition", ",", "[", "and", "]", "his", "direction", "\"", "following", "duane", "’", "s", "death", ".", "\"", "everything", "berry", "had", "envisioned", "for", "everybody", "β€”", "including", "the", "crew", ",", "the", "women", "and", "children", "β€”", "was", "shattered", "on", "the", "day", "duane", "died", ",", "and", "he", "didn", "’", "t", "care", "after", "that", ",", "\"", "said", "road", "##ie", "kim", "payne", ".", "oakley", "repeatedly", "wished", "to", "\"", "get", "high", ",", "be", "high", ",", "and", "stay", "high", ",", "\"", "causing", "quiet", "concern", "from", "all", "those", "around", "him", ".", "on", "november", "11", ",", "1972", ",", "slightly", "in", "##eb", "##riated", "and", "over", "##joy", "##ed", "at", "the", "prospect", "of", "leading", "a", "jam", "session", "later", "that", "night", ",", "oakley", "crashed", "his", "motorcycle", "into", "the", "side", "of" ]
584,794
to have lost " all hope, his heart, his drive, his ambition, [ and ] his direction " following duane ’ s death. " everything berry had envisioned for everybody β€” including the crew, the women and children β€” was shattered on the day duane died, and he didn ’ t care after that, " said roadie kim payne. oakley repeatedly wished to " get high, be high, and stay high, " causing quiet concern from all those around him. on november 11, 1972, slightly inebriated and overjoyed at the prospect of leading a jam session later that night, oakley crashed his motorcycle into the side of
198
[ "apart", ",", "firing", "longtime", "road", "##ie", "\"", "red", "dog", "\"", "and", "replacing", "jai", "##mo", "##e", "with", "to", "##ler", "'", "s", "brother", "frankie", ",", "who", "had", "been", "a", "member", "of", "great", "southern", ".", "the", "main", "point", "of", "contention", "was", "jai", "##mo", "##e", "'", "s", "insistence", "that", "his", "wife", "and", "manager", ",", "candace", "oakley", "(", "berry", "'", "s", "sister", ")", ",", "handle", "his", "business", "affairs", ".", "\"", "one", "of", "the", "real", "b", "##lights", "on", "the", "history", "of", "the", "all", "##man", "brothers", "band", "was", "that", "jai", "##mo", "##e", ",", "this", "gentle", "man", ",", "was", "fired", "from", "this", "organization", ",", "\"", "said", "all", "##man", "later", ".", "not", "long", "after", ",", "\"", "the", "band", "changed", "managers", ",", "hiring", "the", "promoter", "john", "sc", "##her", "after", "mass", "##ars", "##ky", "eased", "himself", "out", ",", "reportedly", "saying" ]
584,806
apart, firing longtime roadie " red dog " and replacing jaimoe with toler's brother frankie, who had been a member of great southern. the main point of contention was jaimoe's insistence that his wife and manager, candace oakley ( berry's sister ), handle his business affairs. " one of the real blights on the history of the allman brothers band was that jaimoe, this gentle man, was fired from this organization, " said allman later. not long after, " the band changed managers, hiring the promoter john scher after massarsky eased himself out, reportedly saying
198
[ "/", "4", ".", "'", "of", "course", "i", "said", "something", "intelligent", "like", ",", "'", "what", "'", "s", "11", "/", "4", "?", "'", "duane", "just", "said", ",", "'", "okay", ",", "dumb", "##ass", ",", "i", "'", "ll", "try", "to", "draw", "it", "up", "on", "paper", "for", "you", ".", "'", "\"", "gregg", "all", "##man", "'", "s", "lyrical", "contributions", "to", "the", "band", "'", "s", "debut", "album", "have", "been", "called", "\"", "remarkably", "mature", "lyrical", "conception", "##s", "for", "such", "a", "young", "man", ",", "expert", "##ly", "executed", "in", "a", "minimal", "##ist", ",", "almost", "hai", "##ku", "style", ".", "\"", "all", "##man", "'", "s", "inspiration", "came", "from", "his", "time", "in", "los", "angeles", "as", "a", "part", "of", "hour", "glass", ",", "\"", "getting", "fucked", "by", "different", "land", "sharks", "in", "the", "business", ",", "\"", "experiencing", "great", "frustration", "among", "fierce", "competition", ".", "the" ]
744,056
/ 4.'of course i said something intelligent like,'what's 11 / 4?'duane just said,'okay, dumbass, i'll try to draw it up on paper for you.'" gregg allman's lyrical contributions to the band's debut album have been called " remarkably mature lyrical conceptions for such a young man, expertly executed in a minimalist, almost haiku style. " allman's inspiration came from his time in los angeles as a part of hour glass, " getting fucked by different land sharks in the business, " experiencing great frustration among fierce competition. the
198
[ "trucks", ",", "jai", "johann", "##y", "johan", "##son", ")", "–", "5", ":", "09", "disc", "three", "march", "13", ",", "1971", "–", "first", "show", "\"", "states", "##boro", "blues", "\"", "(", "blind", "willie", "mc", "##tell", ")", "–", "4", ":", "20", "\"", "trouble", "no", "more", "\"", "(", "mckinley", "morgan", "##field", "aka", "muddy", "waters", ")", "–", "3", ":", "48", "\"", "done", "somebody", "wrong", "\"", "(", "elm", "##ore", "james", ",", "clarence", "lewis", ",", "bobby", "robinson", ")", "–", "3", ":", "55", "*", "\"", "in", "memory", "of", "elizabeth", "reed", "\"", "(", "dick", "##ey", "bet", "##ts", ")", "–", "13", ":", "00", "\"", "whipping", "post", "\"", "(", "gregg", "all", "##man", ")", "–", "17", ":", "15", "*", "disc", "four", "march", "13", ",", "1971", "–", "second", "show", "-", "part", "1", "\"", "states", "##boro", "blues", "\"", "(", "blind", "willie", "mc", "##tell", ")" ]
293,914
trucks, jai johanny johanson ) – 5 : 09 disc three march 13, 1971 – first show " statesboro blues " ( blind willie mctell ) – 4 : 20 " trouble no more " ( mckinley morganfield aka muddy waters ) – 3 : 48 " done somebody wrong " ( elmore james, clarence lewis, bobby robinson ) – 3 : 55 * " in memory of elizabeth reed " ( dickey betts ) – 13 : 00 " whipping post " ( gregg allman ) – 17 : 15 * disc four march 13, 1971 – second show - part 1 " statesboro blues " ( blind willie mctell )
198
[ "later", ".", "in", "about", "a", "\"", "three", "@", "-", "@", "or", "@", "-", "@", "four", "@", "-", "@", "week", "period", ",", "\"", "the", "band", "quite", "literally", "went", "from", "\"", "rags", "to", "riches", ",", "\"", "and", "were", "able", "to", "pay", "their", "debts", "to", "manager", "phil", "walden", "and", "record", "label", "cap", "##ric", "##orn", "records", ".", "although", "suddenly", "very", "wealthy", "and", "successful", ",", "much", "of", "the", "band", "and", "its", "entourage", "now", "struggled", "with", "heroin", "addiction", ".", "four", "individuals", "β€”", "group", "leader", "duane", "all", "##man", ",", "bassist", "berry", "oakley", ",", "and", "road", "##ies", "robert", "payne", "and", "joseph", "\"", "red", "dog", "\"", "campbell", "β€”", "checked", "into", "the", "lin", "##wood", "@", "-", "@", "bryant", "hospital", "for", "rehabilitation", "in", "october", "1971", ".", "their", "addiction", "##s", "had", "begun", "to", "affect", "their", "performances", "and", "matters", "seemed", "to" ]
406,138
later. in about a " three @ - @ or @ - @ four @ - @ week period, " the band quite literally went from " rags to riches, " and were able to pay their debts to manager phil walden and record label capricorn records. although suddenly very wealthy and successful, much of the band and its entourage now struggled with heroin addiction. four individuals β€” group leader duane allman, bassist berry oakley, and roadies robert payne and joseph " red dog " campbell β€” checked into the linwood @ - @ bryant hospital for rehabilitation in october 1971. their addictions had begun to affect their performances and matters seemed to
198
[ "johan", "##son", ")", "–", "5", ":", "20", "\"", "whipping", "post", "\"", "(", "gregg", "all", "##man", ")", "–", "22", ":", "53", "\"", "mountain", "jam", "\"", "(", "donovan", "lei", "##tch", ",", "duane", "all", "##man", ",", "gregg", "all", "##man", ",", "dick", "##ey", "bet", "##ts", ",", "berry", "oakley", ",", "butch", "trucks", ",", "jai", "johnny", "johnson", ")", "-", "33", ":", "41", "\"", "drunken", "hearted", "boy", "\"", "(", "with", "el", "##vin", "bishop", ")", "(", "el", "##vin", "bishop", ")", "-", "6", ":", "54", "=", "=", "=", "the", "1971", "fill", "##more", "east", "recordings", "=", "=", "=", "the", "1971", "fill", "##more", "east", "recordings", "was", "released", "on", "july", "29", ",", "2014", ".", "this", "six", "@", "-", "@", "cd", "boxed", "set", "contains", "the", "four", "complete", "concerts", "β€”", "the", "early", "and", "late", "shows", "from", "march", "12", "and", "march", "13", "," ]
293,911
johanson ) – 5 : 20 " whipping post " ( gregg allman ) – 22 : 53 " mountain jam " ( donovan leitch, duane allman, gregg allman, dickey betts, berry oakley, butch trucks, jai johnny johnson ) - 33 : 41 " drunken hearted boy " ( with elvin bishop ) ( elvin bishop ) - 6 : 54 = = = the 1971 fillmore east recordings = = = the 1971 fillmore east recordings was released on july 29, 2014. this six @ - @ cd boxed set contains the four complete concerts β€” the early and late shows from march 12 and march 13,
198
[ "there", "are", "no", "signed", "witnesses", ".", "cl", "##em", "##m", ",", "however", ",", "had", "no", "right", "to", "make", "such", "a", "decision", ";", "poe", "'", "s", "younger", "sister", "rosalie", "was", "his", "closest", "next", "of", "kin", ".", "although", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "had", "acted", "as", "a", "literary", "agent", "for", "other", "american", "writers", ",", "it", "is", "unclear", "if", "poe", "really", "appointed", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "his", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "(", "perhaps", "as", "part", "of", "his", "\"", "imp", "of", "the", "per", "##verse", "\"", ")", ",", "if", "it", "were", "a", "trick", "on", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "part", ",", "or", "a", "mistake", "on", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", "'", "s", ".", "it", "is", "also", "possible", "that", "os", "##good", "persuaded", "poe", "to", "name", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "as", "his", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "." ]
853,166
there are no signed witnesses. clemm, however, had no right to make such a decision ; poe's younger sister rosalie was his closest next of kin. although griswold had acted as a literary agent for other american writers, it is unclear if poe really appointed griswold his executor ( perhaps as part of his " imp of the perverse " ), if it were a trick on griswold's part, or a mistake on maria clemm's. it is also possible that osgood persuaded poe to name griswold as his executor.
52
[ "##tri", "##eving", "a", "lock", "of", "dev", "##ere", "##aux", "'", "s", "hair", "to", "give", "to", "poe", ".", "elizabeth", "cai", "##rne", "##s", "poe", "died", "on", "july", "7", ",", "1835", ",", "effectively", "ending", "the", "family", "'", "s", "income", "and", "making", "their", "financial", "situation", "even", "more", "difficult", ".", "henry", "died", "around", "this", "time", ",", "sometime", "before", "1836", ",", "leaving", "virginia", "as", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", "'", "s", "only", "surviving", "child", ".", "in", "august", "1835", ",", "poe", "left", "the", "des", "##ti", "##tute", "family", "behind", "and", "moved", "to", "richmond", ",", "virginia", "to", "take", "a", "job", "at", "the", "southern", "literary", "messenger", ".", "while", "poe", "was", "away", "from", "baltimore", ",", "another", "cousin", ",", "neil", "##son", "poe", ",", "the", "husband", "of", "virginia", "'", "s", "half", "@", "-", "@", "sister", "josephine", "cl", "##em", "##m", ",", "heard", "that", "edgar" ]
116,681
##trieving a lock of devereaux's hair to give to poe. elizabeth cairnes poe died on july 7, 1835, effectively ending the family's income and making their financial situation even more difficult. henry died around this time, sometime before 1836, leaving virginia as maria clemm's only surviving child. in august 1835, poe left the destitute family behind and moved to richmond, virginia to take a job at the southern literary messenger. while poe was away from baltimore, another cousin, neilson poe, the husband of virginia's half @ - @ sister josephine clemm, heard that edgar
52
[ ".", "you", "need", "never", "expect", "it", ",", "until", "you", "establish", "a", "magazine", "of", "your", "own", "\"", ",", "he", "wrote", ",", "referring", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "plans", "to", "begin", "the", "st", "##ylus", ".", "even", "so", ",", "chi", "##vers", "was", "concerned", "about", "poe", "'", "s", "reputation", "as", "a", "severe", "literary", "critic", ",", "caution", "##ing", "him", "about", "\"", "when", "you", "tom", "##aha", "##wk", "people", "\"", ".", "poe", ",", "in", "fact", ",", "had", "been", "hoping", "chi", "##vers", "would", "lend", "his", "wealth", "as", "a", "financial", "back", "##er", "for", "the", "st", "##ylus", "and", "possibly", "even", "serve", "as", "a", "co", "@", "-", "@", "editor", "in", "its", "early", "planning", "stages", ".", "chi", "##vers", "considered", "poe", "'", "s", "proposal", "but", "was", "not", "able", "to", "accept", "because", "of", "the", "death", "of", "his", "three", "@", "-", "@", "year", "@" ]
481,384
. you need never expect it, until you establish a magazine of your own ", he wrote, referring to poe's plans to begin the stylus. even so, chivers was concerned about poe's reputation as a severe literary critic, cautioning him about " when you tomahawk people ". poe, in fact, had been hoping chivers would lend his wealth as a financial backer for the stylus and possibly even serve as a co @ - @ editor in its early planning stages. chivers considered poe's proposal but was not able to accept because of the death of his three @ - @ year @
52
[ "by", "the", "fear", "of", "it", "and", "some", "by", "the", "music", ".", "i", "hear", "of", "persons", "haunted", "by", "'", "never", "##more", "'", ".", "\"", "poe", "'", "s", "popularity", "resulted", "in", "invitations", "to", "rec", "##ite", "\"", "the", "raven", "\"", "and", "to", "lecture", "–", "in", "public", "and", "at", "private", "social", "gatherings", ".", "at", "one", "literary", "salon", ",", "a", "guest", "noted", ",", "\"", "to", "hear", "[", "poe", "]", "repeat", "the", "raven", ".", ".", ".", "is", "an", "event", "in", "one", "'", "s", "life", ".", "\"", "it", "was", "recalled", "by", "someone", "who", "experienced", "it", ",", "\"", "he", "would", "turn", "down", "the", "lamps", "till", "the", "room", "was", "almost", "dark", ",", "then", "standing", "in", "the", "center", "of", "the", "apartment", "he", "would", "rec", "##ite", ".", ".", ".", "in", "the", "most", "mel", "##od", "##ious", "of", "voices", ".", "." ]
654,107
by the fear of it and some by the music. i hear of persons haunted by'nevermore '. " poe's popularity resulted in invitations to recite " the raven " and to lecture – in public and at private social gatherings. at one literary salon, a guest noted, " to hear [ poe ] repeat the raven... is an event in one's life. " it was recalled by someone who experienced it, " he would turn down the lamps till the room was almost dark, then standing in the center of the apartment he would recite... in the most melodious of voices..
52
[ "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", ",", "who", "served", "in", "south", "america", "and", "elsewhere", "as", "a", "sailor", "aboard", "the", "uss", "macedonian", ".", "in", "the", "novel", ",", "the", "date", "of", "augustus", "'", "s", "death", "corresponds", "to", "that", "of", "the", "death", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "brother", ".", "the", "first", "chapter", "features", "p", "##ym", "'", "s", "sloop", "named", "the", "ariel", ",", "the", "name", "of", "a", "character", "once", "played", "by", "poe", "'", "s", "mother", "eliza", "poe", ",", "and", "also", "the", "name", "of", "percy", "by", "##ss", "##he", "shelley", "'", "s", "boat", ",", "on", "which", "he", "died", ",", "originally", "named", "don", "juan", "in", "honor", "of", "lord", "byron", ".", "one", "thread", "of", "critical", "analysis", "of", "this", "tale", "focuses", "on", "the", "possibly", "racist", "implications", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "plot", "and", "imagery", ".", "one", "such", "plot", "element", "is", "the" ]
606,644
william henry leonard poe, who served in south america and elsewhere as a sailor aboard the uss macedonian. in the novel, the date of augustus's death corresponds to that of the death of poe's brother. the first chapter features pym's sloop named the ariel, the name of a character once played by poe's mother eliza poe, and also the name of percy bysshe shelley's boat, on which he died, originally named don juan in honor of lord byron. one thread of critical analysis of this tale focuses on the possibly racist implications of poe's plot and imagery. one such plot element is the
52
[ "20th", "century", ".", "the", "first", "interaction", "between", "the", "two", "was", "in", "1840", "though", "they", "did", "not", "meet", "until", "1845", "in", "new", "york", ".", "the", "two", "became", "friends", "and", "chi", "##vers", "was", "willing", "to", "give", "poe", "lifetime", "financial", "support", "if", "he", "moved", "to", "the", "south", ".", "chi", "##vers", "appreciated", "poe", "'", "s", "ability", "and", "wrote", "that", "george", "rex", "graham", "was", "seriously", "under", "##pa", "##ying", "poe", "for", "his", "work", "on", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", ".", "\"", "he", "ought", "to", "give", "you", "ten", "thousand", "dollars", "a", "year", ".", ".", ".", "it", "is", "richly", "worth", "it", ".", ".", ".", "[", "graham", "]", "is", "greatly", "ind", "##eb", "##ted", "to", "you", ".", "it", "is", "not", "my", "opinion", "that", "you", "have", "ever", "been", ",", "or", "ever", "will", "be", ",", "paid", "for", "your", "intellectual", "labour", "##s" ]
481,383
20th century. the first interaction between the two was in 1840 though they did not meet until 1845 in new york. the two became friends and chivers was willing to give poe lifetime financial support if he moved to the south. chivers appreciated poe's ability and wrote that george rex graham was seriously underpaying poe for his work on graham's magazine. " he ought to give you ten thousand dollars a year... it is richly worth it... [ graham ] is greatly indebted to you. it is not my opinion that you have ever been, or ever will be, paid for your intellectual labours
52
[ "beginning", "in", "june", "1843", ".", "the", "prize", "also", "included", "$", "100", ",", "probably", "the", "largest", "single", "sum", "that", "poe", "received", "for", "any", "of", "his", "works", ".", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "was", "an", "instant", "success", "and", "was", "the", "most", "popular", "and", "most", "widely", "read", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "works", "during", "his", "lifetime", ".", "it", "also", "helped", "popular", "##ize", "crypt", "##og", "##ram", "##s", "and", "secret", "writing", ".", "=", "=", "plot", "summary", "=", "=", "william", "leg", "##rand", "has", "relocated", "from", "new", "orleans", "to", "sullivan", "'", "s", "island", "in", "south", "carolina", "after", "losing", "his", "family", "fortune", ",", "and", "has", "brought", "his", "african", "@", "-", "@", "american", "servant", "jupiter", "with", "him", ".", "the", "story", "'", "s", "narrator", ",", "a", "friend", "of", "leg", "##rand", ",", "visits", "him", "one", "evening", "to" ]
481,948
beginning in june 1843. the prize also included $ 100, probably the largest single sum that poe received for any of his works. " the gold @ - @ bug " was an instant success and was the most popular and most widely read of poe's works during his lifetime. it also helped popularize cryptograms and secret writing. = = plot summary = = william legrand has relocated from new orleans to sullivan's island in south carolina after losing his family fortune, and has brought his african @ - @ american servant jupiter with him. the story's narrator, a friend of legrand, visits him one evening to
52
[ "arrogant", ",", "that", "he", "assumed", "all", "men", "were", "villains", ",", "and", "that", "he", "was", "quick", "to", "anger", ".", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", "was", "later", "revealed", "to", "be", "rufus", "wil", "##mot", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "a", "former", "colleague", "and", "acquaintance", "of", "poe", ".", "even", "while", "poe", "was", "still", "alive", ",", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "had", "engaged", "in", "character", "assassination", ".", "much", "of", "his", "characterization", "in", "the", "obituary", "was", "lifted", "almost", "verb", "##ati", "##m", "from", "that", "of", "the", "fictitious", "francis", "vivian", "in", "the", "ca", "##xton", "##s", "by", "edward", "bu", "##l", "##wer", "@", "-", "@", "l", "##yt", "##ton", ".", "the", "ludwig", "obituary", "quickly", "became", "the", "standard", "characterization", "of", "poe", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "also", "claimed", "that", "poe", "had", "asked", "him", "to", "be", "his", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", ".", "gr" ]
141,098
arrogant, that he assumed all men were villains, and that he was quick to anger. " ludwig " was later revealed to be rufus wilmot griswold, a former colleague and acquaintance of poe. even while poe was still alive, griswold had engaged in character assassination. much of his characterization in the obituary was lifted almost verbatim from that of the fictitious francis vivian in the caxtons by edward bulwer @ - @ lytton. the ludwig obituary quickly became the standard characterization of poe. griswold also claimed that poe had asked him to be his literary executor. gr
52
[ ".", "another", "poe", "biographer", ",", "kenneth", "silver", "##man", ",", "contend", "##s", "that", "though", "their", "first", "@", "-", "@", "cousin", "marriage", "was", "not", "unusual", ",", "her", "young", "age", "was", ".", "it", "has", "been", "suggested", "that", "cl", "##em", "##m", "and", "poe", "had", "a", "relationship", "more", "like", "that", "between", "brother", "and", "sister", "than", "between", "husband", "and", "wife", ".", "biographer", "arthur", "ho", "##bson", "quinn", "disagreed", "with", "this", "view", ",", "citing", "a", "fe", "##r", "##vent", "love", "letter", "to", "argue", "that", "poe", "\"", "loved", "his", "little", "cousin", "not", "only", "with", "the", "affection", "of", "a", "brother", ",", "but", "also", "with", "the", "passionate", "devotion", "of", "a", "lover", "and", "prospective", "husband", ".", "\"", "some", "scholars", ",", "including", "marie", "bonaparte", ",", "have", "read", "many", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "works", "as", "autobiographical", "and", "have", "concluded", "that", "virginia", "died", "a" ]
116,685
. another poe biographer, kenneth silverman, contends that though their first @ - @ cousin marriage was not unusual, her young age was. it has been suggested that clemm and poe had a relationship more like that between brother and sister than between husband and wife. biographer arthur hobson quinn disagreed with this view, citing a fervent love letter to argue that poe " loved his little cousin not only with the affection of a brother, but also with the passionate devotion of a lover and prospective husband. " some scholars, including marie bonaparte, have read many of poe's works as autobiographical and have concluded that virginia died a
52
[ "##izing", "crypt", "##og", "##ram", "##s", "in", "newspapers", "and", "magazines", ".", "poe", "had", "an", "influence", "on", "crypt", "##ography", "beyond", "increasing", "public", "interest", "during", "his", "lifetime", ".", "william", "friedman", ",", "america", "'", "s", "foremost", "crypt", "##ologist", ",", "was", "heavily", "influenced", "by", "poe", ".", "friedman", "'", "s", "initial", "interest", "in", "crypt", "##ography", "came", "from", "reading", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "as", "a", "child", ",", "an", "interest", "that", "he", "later", "put", "to", "use", "in", "dec", "##ip", "##hering", "japan", "'", "s", "purple", "code", "during", "world", "war", "ii", ".", "=", "=", "in", "popular", "culture", "=", "=", "the", "historical", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "has", "appeared", "as", "a", "fictional", "##ized", "character", ",", "often", "representing", "the", "\"", "mad", "genius", "\"", "or", "\"", "tormented", "artist", "\"", "and", "exploit", "##ing", "his", "personal", "struggles", ".", "many", "such", "depictions" ]
623,124
##izing cryptograms in newspapers and magazines. poe had an influence on cryptography beyond increasing public interest during his lifetime. william friedman, america's foremost cryptologist, was heavily influenced by poe. friedman's initial interest in cryptography came from reading " the gold @ - @ bug " as a child, an interest that he later put to use in deciphering japan's purple code during world war ii. = = in popular culture = = the historical edgar allan poe has appeared as a fictionalized character, often representing the " mad genius " or " tormented artist " and exploiting his personal struggles. many such depictions
52
[ ",", "1849", ",", "at", "age", "40", ";", "the", "cause", "of", "his", "death", "is", "unknown", "and", "has", "been", "variously", "attributed", "to", "alcohol", ",", "brain", "congestion", ",", "cholera", ",", "drugs", ",", "heart", "disease", ",", "ra", "##bies", ",", "suicide", ",", "tuberculosis", ",", "and", "other", "agents", ".", "poe", "and", "his", "works", "influenced", "literature", "in", "the", "united", "states", "and", "around", "the", "world", ",", "as", "well", "as", "in", "specialized", "fields", "such", "as", "co", "##smo", "##logy", "and", "crypt", "##ography", ".", "poe", "and", "his", "work", "appear", "throughout", "popular", "culture", "in", "literature", ",", "music", ",", "films", ",", "and", "television", ".", "a", "number", "of", "his", "homes", "are", "dedicated", "museums", "today", ".", "the", "mystery", "writers", "of", "america", "present", "an", "annual", "award", "known", "as", "the", "edgar", "award", "for", "distinguished", "work", "in", "the", "mystery", "genre", ".", "he", "was", "born", "edgar", "poe" ]
623,085
, 1849, at age 40 ; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, suicide, tuberculosis, and other agents. poe and his works influenced literature in the united states and around the world, as well as in specialized fields such as cosmology and cryptography. poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. a number of his homes are dedicated museums today. the mystery writers of america present an annual award known as the edgar award for distinguished work in the mystery genre. he was born edgar poe
52
[ "the", "honorary", "title", "of", "\"", "general", "\"", ".", "david", "poe", ",", "sr", ".", "died", "in", "1816", ",", "and", "his", "wife", ",", "elizabeth", "cai", "##rne", "##s", "poe", ",", "though", "sick", "##ly", "and", "bed", "##rid", "##den", ",", "out", "##li", "##ved", "her", "grandson", "and", "died", "on", "july", "7", ",", "1835", ".", "henry", "kept", "in", "touch", "with", "his", "younger", "brother", "edgar", "sporadic", "##ally", "as", "they", "grew", "up", ",", "often", "through", "letters", "but", "once", "he", "even", "visited", "edgar", "in", "richmond", "in", "the", "1820s", ".", "there", ",", "edgar", "introduced", "his", "brother", "to", "his", "childhood", "sweetheart", ",", "sarah", "elm", "##ira", "roy", "##ster", ".", "edgar", "'", "s", "foster", "@", "-", "@", "father", "john", "allan", "also", "corresponded", "with", "henry", ".", "in", "one", "letter", ",", "dated", "november", "1", ",", "1824", ",", "allan", "apologized", "that", "edgar", "was", "slow", "in" ]
322,976
the honorary title of " general ". david poe, sr. died in 1816, and his wife, elizabeth cairnes poe, though sickly and bedridden, outlived her grandson and died on july 7, 1835. henry kept in touch with his younger brother edgar sporadically as they grew up, often through letters but once he even visited edgar in richmond in the 1820s. there, edgar introduced his brother to his childhood sweetheart, sarah elmira royster. edgar's foster @ - @ father john allan also corresponded with henry. in one letter, dated november 1, 1824, allan apologized that edgar was slow in
52
[ "##ion", "##ably", "the", "most", "poetic", "##al", "topic", "in", "the", "world", ".", "\"", "told", "from", "\"", "the", "lips", ".", ".", ".", "of", "a", "be", "##rea", "##ved", "lover", "\"", "is", "best", "suited", "to", "achieve", "the", "desired", "effect", ".", "beyond", "the", "poetic", "##s", "of", "it", ",", "the", "lost", "len", "##ore", "may", "have", "been", "inspired", "by", "events", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "own", "life", "as", "well", ",", "either", "to", "the", "early", "loss", "of", "his", "mother", ",", "eliza", "poe", ",", "or", "the", "long", "illness", "endured", "by", "his", "wife", ",", "virginia", ".", "ultimately", ",", "poe", "considered", "\"", "the", "raven", "\"", "an", "experiment", "to", "\"", "suit", "at", "once", "the", "popular", "and", "critical", "taste", "\"", ",", "accessible", "to", "both", "the", "mainstream", "and", "high", "literary", "worlds", ".", "it", "is", "unknown", "how", "long", "poe", "worked", "on", "\"", "the", "raven" ]
654,104
##ionably the most poetical topic in the world. " told from " the lips... of a bereaved lover " is best suited to achieve the desired effect. beyond the poetics of it, the lost lenore may have been inspired by events in poe's own life as well, either to the early loss of his mother, eliza poe, or the long illness endured by his wife, virginia. ultimately, poe considered " the raven " an experiment to " suit at once the popular and critical taste ", accessible to both the mainstream and high literary worlds. it is unknown how long poe worked on " the raven
52
[ "real", "name", "and", "his", "circumstances", "to", "his", "commanding", "officer", "lieutenant", "howard", ".", "howard", "would", "only", "allow", "poe", "to", "be", "discharged", "if", "he", "reconciled", "with", "john", "allan", "and", "wrote", "a", "letter", "to", "allan", ",", "who", "was", "un", "##sy", "##mp", "##ath", "##etic", ".", "several", "months", "passed", "and", "pleas", "to", "allan", "were", "ignored", ";", "allan", "may", "not", "have", "written", "to", "poe", "even", "to", "make", "him", "aware", "of", "his", "foster", "mother", "'", "s", "illness", ".", "frances", "allan", "died", "on", "february", "28", ",", "1829", ",", "and", "poe", "visited", "the", "day", "after", "her", "burial", ".", "perhaps", "softened", "by", "his", "wife", "'", "s", "death", ",", "john", "allan", "agreed", "to", "support", "poe", "'", "s", "attempt", "to", "be", "discharged", "in", "order", "to", "receive", "an", "appointment", "to", "the", "united", "states", "military", "academy", "at", "west", "point", ".", "poe", "finally" ]
623,093
real name and his circumstances to his commanding officer lieutenant howard. howard would only allow poe to be discharged if he reconciled with john allan and wrote a letter to allan, who was unsympathetic. several months passed and pleas to allan were ignored ; allan may not have written to poe even to make him aware of his foster mother's illness. frances allan died on february 28, 1829, and poe visited the day after her burial. perhaps softened by his wife's death, john allan agreed to support poe's attempt to be discharged in order to receive an appointment to the united states military academy at west point. poe finally
52
[ "##ko", "##mm", "##od", "##ore", "of", "j", "##g", "26", "\"", "sc", "##hl", "##age", "##ter", "\"", "mentioned", "seven", "times", "in", "the", "wehrmacht", "##ber", "##ich", "##t", "(", "16", "august", "1940", ",", "25", "september", "1940", ",", "2", "november", "1940", ",", "18", "april", "1941", ",", "22", "june", "1941", "30", "october", "1941", "and", "15", "february", "1942", ")", "wehrmacht", "long", "service", "award", ",", "4th", "class", "=", "=", "wehrmacht", "##ber", "##ich", "##t", "references", "=", "=", "=", "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", "=", "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", ",", "often", "referred", "to", "as", "henry", "poe", ",", "(", "january", "30", ",", "1807", "–", "august", "1", ",", "1831", ")", "was", "a", "sailor", ",", "amateur", "poet", "and", "the", "older", "brother", "of", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "and", "rosalie", "poe", ".", "after", "the", "death", "of", "their", "parents", ",", "the", "three", "poe", "children", "were", "split", "up" ]
322,971
##kommodore of jg 26 " schlageter " mentioned seven times in the wehrmachtbericht ( 16 august 1940, 25 september 1940, 2 november 1940, 18 april 1941, 22 june 1941 30 october 1941 and 15 february 1942 ) wehrmacht long service award, 4th class = = wehrmachtbericht references = = = william henry leonard poe = william henry leonard poe, often referred to as henry poe, ( january 30, 1807 – august 1, 1831 ) was a sailor, amateur poet and the older brother of edgar allan poe and rosalie poe. after the death of their parents, the three poe children were split up
52
[ ".", "she", "retracted", "her", "statements", "in", "a", "letter", "to", "os", "##good", "saying", ",", "\"", "the", "letter", "shown", "me", "by", "mrs", "poe", "must", "have", "been", "a", "forge", "##ry", "created", "by", "poe", "himself", "\"", ".", "she", "put", "all", "the", "blame", "on", "poe", ",", "suggesting", "the", "incident", "was", "because", "poe", "was", "\"", "int", "##em", "##per", "##ate", "and", "subject", "to", "acts", "of", "luna", "##cy", ".", "\"", "the", "rumor", "that", "poe", "was", "insane", "was", "spread", "by", "elle", "##t", "and", "by", "other", "enemies", "of", "poe", "and", "eventually", "reported", "in", "newspapers", ".", "after", "os", "##good", "reunited", "with", "her", "husband", ",", "the", "scandal", "died", "down", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "sick", "wife", "virginia", ",", "however", ",", "was", "deeply", "affected", "by", "the", "scandal", ".", "she", "had", "been", "receiving", "anonymous", "letters", ",", "possibly", "from", "elle", "##t", ",", "which", "reported" ]
459,092
. she retracted her statements in a letter to osgood saying, " the letter shown me by mrs poe must have been a forgery created by poe himself ". she put all the blame on poe, suggesting the incident was because poe was " intemperate and subject to acts of lunacy. " the rumor that poe was insane was spread by ellet and by other enemies of poe and eventually reported in newspapers. after osgood reunited with her husband, the scandal died down. poe's sick wife virginia, however, was deeply affected by the scandal. she had been receiving anonymous letters, possibly from ellet, which reported
52
[ "prize", "in", "october", "1833", "for", "his", "short", "story", "\"", "ms", ".", "found", "in", "a", "bottle", "\"", ".", "the", "story", "brought", "him", "to", "the", "attention", "of", "john", "p", ".", "kennedy", ",", "a", "baltimore", "##an", "of", "considerable", "means", ".", "he", "helped", "poe", "place", "some", "of", "his", "stories", ",", "and", "introduced", "him", "to", "thomas", "w", ".", "white", ",", "editor", "of", "the", "southern", "literary", "messenger", "in", "richmond", ".", "poe", "became", "assistant", "editor", "of", "the", "periodical", "in", "august", "1835", ",", "but", "was", "discharged", "within", "a", "few", "weeks", "for", "having", "been", "caught", "drunk", "by", "his", "boss", ".", "returning", "to", "baltimore", ",", "poe", "secretly", "married", "his", "cousin", "virginia", "on", "september", "22", ",", "1835", ".", "he", "was", "26", "and", "she", "was", "13", ",", "though", "she", "is", "listed", "on", "the", "marriage", "certificate", "as", "being", "21", ".", "he" ]
623,099
prize in october 1833 for his short story " ms. found in a bottle ". the story brought him to the attention of john p. kennedy, a baltimorean of considerable means. he helped poe place some of his stories, and introduced him to thomas w. white, editor of the southern literary messenger in richmond. poe became assistant editor of the periodical in august 1835, but was discharged within a few weeks for having been caught drunk by his boss. returning to baltimore, poe secretly married his cousin virginia on september 22, 1835. he was 26 and she was 13, though she is listed on the marriage certificate as being 21. he
52
[ "as", "well", ",", "with", "the", "castle", "representing", "mold", "##avia", ",", "the", "richmond", "home", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "foster", "@", "-", "@", "father", "john", "allan", ".", "the", "count", ",", "in", "this", "reading", ",", "would", "represent", "john", "allan", ",", "and", "poe", "the", "young", "metz", "##eng", "##ers", "##tein", ".", "both", "poe", "and", "metz", "##eng", "##ers", "##tein", "are", "orphaned", "at", "a", "young", "age", ".", "poe", "may", "have", "found", "writing", "the", "story", "therapeutic", ";", "in", "it", ",", "he", "destroys", "\"", "john", "allan", "\"", ",", "though", "he", "is", "also", "destroyed", "in", "return", ".", "in", "focusing", "on", "the", "final", "fire", "scene", ",", "poe", "may", "have", "been", "recalling", "the", "fatal", "richmond", "theatre", "fire", "of", "december", "1811", "which", "occurred", "three", "weeks", "after", "his", "mother", ",", "the", "actress", "eliza", "poe", ",", "had", "died", ".", "=", "=", "critical", "response" ]
788,808
as well, with the castle representing moldavia, the richmond home of poe's foster @ - @ father john allan. the count, in this reading, would represent john allan, and poe the young metzengerstein. both poe and metzengerstein are orphaned at a young age. poe may have found writing the story therapeutic ; in it, he destroys " john allan ", though he is also destroyed in return. in focusing on the final fire scene, poe may have been recalling the fatal richmond theatre fire of december 1811 which occurred three weeks after his mother, the actress eliza poe, had died. = = critical response
52
[ ",", "1840", "issue", "of", "philadelphia", "'", "s", "saturday", "evening", "post", ",", "poe", "bought", "advertising", "space", "for", "his", "prospect", "##us", ":", "\"", "prospect", "##us", "of", "the", "penn", "magazine", ",", "a", "monthly", "literary", "journal", "to", "be", "edited", "and", "published", "in", "the", "city", "of", "philadelphia", "by", "edgar", "a", ".", "poe", ".", "\"", "the", "journal", "was", "never", "produced", "before", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ".", "around", "this", "time", ",", "he", "attempted", "to", "secure", "a", "position", "with", "the", "tyler", "administration", ",", "claiming", "that", "he", "was", "a", "member", "of", "the", "whig", "party", ".", "he", "hoped", "to", "be", "appointed", "to", "the", "custom", "house", "in", "philadelphia", "with", "help", "from", "president", "tyler", "'", "s", "son", "robert", ",", "an", "acquaintance", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "friend", "frederick", "thomas", ".", "poe", "failed", "to", "show", "up", "for", "a", "meeting", "with", "thomas", "to" ]
623,102
, 1840 issue of philadelphia's saturday evening post, poe bought advertising space for his prospectus : " prospectus of the penn magazine, a monthly literary journal to be edited and published in the city of philadelphia by edgar a. poe. " the journal was never produced before poe's death. around this time, he attempted to secure a position with the tyler administration, claiming that he was a member of the whig party. he hoped to be appointed to the custom house in philadelphia with help from president tyler's son robert, an acquaintance of poe's friend frederick thomas. poe failed to show up for a meeting with thomas to
52
[ "in", "boston", "on", "january", "19", ",", "1809", ",", "the", "second", "child", "of", "english", "@", "-", "@", "born", "actress", "elizabeth", "arnold", "hopkins", "poe", "and", "actor", "david", "poe", ",", "jr", ".", ".", "he", "had", "an", "elder", "brother", "william", "henry", "leonard", "poe", ",", "and", "a", "younger", "sister", "rosalie", "poe", ".", "their", "grandfather", "david", "poe", "sr", ".", "had", "emigrated", "from", "ca", "##van", ",", "ireland", "to", "america", "around", "the", "year", "1750", ".", "edgar", "may", "have", "been", "named", "after", "a", "character", "in", "william", "shakespeare", "'", "s", "king", "lear", ",", "a", "play", "that", "the", "couple", "were", "performing", "in", "1809", ".", "his", "father", "abandoned", "their", "family", "in", "1810", ",", "and", "his", "mother", "died", "a", "year", "later", "from", "consumption", "(", "pulmonary", "tuberculosis", ")", ".", "poe", "was", "then", "taken", "into", "the", "home", "of", "john", "allan", ",", "a", "successful" ]
623,086
in boston on january 19, 1809, the second child of english @ - @ born actress elizabeth arnold hopkins poe and actor david poe, jr.. he had an elder brother william henry leonard poe, and a younger sister rosalie poe. their grandfather david poe sr. had emigrated from cavan, ireland to america around the year 1750. edgar may have been named after a character in william shakespeare's king lear, a play that the couple were performing in 1809. his father abandoned their family in 1810, and his mother died a year later from consumption ( pulmonary tuberculosis ). poe was then taken into the home of john allan, a successful
52
[ "in", "the", "strings", "is", "awakened", "by", "the", "breeze", "##s", "of", "eden", "laden", "with", "sweet", "spices", "from", "the", "mountains", "of", "the", "lord", "\"", ".", "by", "september", "1845", ",", "however", ",", "chi", "##vers", "was", "le", "##cturing", "poe", "on", "the", "dangers", "of", "alcohol", ".", "a", "prohibition", "##ist", ",", "he", "said", "poe", "was", "wasting", "his", "god", "@", "-", "@", "given", "talents", "by", "ind", "##ul", "##ging", "in", "drink", ".", "\"", "why", "should", "a", "man", "whom", "god", ",", "by", "nature", ",", "has", "endowed", "with", "such", "trans", "##cend", "##ent", "abilities", ",", "so", "de", "##grade", "himself", "into", "the", "ve", "##ries", "##t", "auto", "##mat", "##on", "as", "to", "be", "moved", "only", "by", "the", "poisonous", "steam", "of", "hell", "@", "-", "@", "fire", "?", "\"", "he", "said", ".", "while", "poe", "'", "s", "wife", "virginia", "was", "sick", ",", "chi", "##vers", "had" ]
481,387
in the strings is awakened by the breezes of eden laden with sweet spices from the mountains of the lord ". by september 1845, however, chivers was lecturing poe on the dangers of alcohol. a prohibitionist, he said poe was wasting his god @ - @ given talents by indulging in drink. " why should a man whom god, by nature, has endowed with such transcendent abilities, so degrade himself into the veriest automaton as to be moved only by the poisonous steam of hell @ - @ fire? " he said. while poe's wife virginia was sick, chivers had
52
[ "##am", "to", "have", "worked", ".", "more", "recently", ",", "analysis", "suggesting", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "resulted", "from", "ra", "##bies", "has", "been", "presented", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "funeral", "was", "a", "simple", "one", ",", "held", "at", "4", "p", ".", "m", ".", "on", "monday", ",", "october", "8", ",", "1849", ".", "few", "people", "attended", "the", "ceremony", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "uncle", ",", "henry", "herring", ",", "provided", "a", "simple", "mahogany", "coffin", ",", "and", "a", "cousin", ",", "neil", "##son", "poe", ",", "supplied", "the", "hears", "##e", ".", "moran", "'", "s", "wife", "made", "his", "sh", "##roud", ".", "the", "funeral", "was", "presided", "over", "by", "the", "reverend", "w", ".", "t", ".", "d", ".", "cl", "##em", "##m", ",", "cousin", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "wife", ",", "virginia", ".", "also", "in", "attendance", "were", "dr", ".", "s", "##no", "##d", "##grass", ",", "baltimore" ]
141,089
##am to have worked. more recently, analysis suggesting that poe's death resulted from rabies has been presented. poe's funeral was a simple one, held at 4 p. m. on monday, october 8, 1849. few people attended the ceremony. poe's uncle, henry herring, provided a simple mahogany coffin, and a cousin, neilson poe, supplied the hearse. moran's wife made his shroud. the funeral was presided over by the reverend w. t. d. clemm, cousin of poe's wife, virginia. also in attendance were dr. snodgrass, baltimore
52
[ "had", "better", "\"", "look", "after", "her", "own", "letters", "\"", ",", "suggesting", "ind", "##is", "##cre", "##tion", "on", "her", "part", ".", "he", "then", "gathered", "up", "these", "letters", "from", "elle", "##t", "and", "left", "them", "at", "her", "house", ".", "though", "these", "letters", "had", "already", "been", "returned", "to", "her", ",", "elle", "##t", "asked", "her", "brother", "\"", "to", "demand", "of", "me", "the", "letters", "\"", ".", "her", "brother", ",", "colonel", "william", "lu", "##mm", "##is", ",", "did", "not", "believe", "that", "poe", "had", "already", "returned", "them", "and", "threatened", "to", "kill", "him", ".", "in", "order", "to", "defend", "himself", ",", "poe", "requested", "a", "pistol", "from", "thomas", "dunn", "english", ".", "english", ",", "poe", "'", "s", "friend", "and", "a", "minor", "writer", "who", "was", "also", "a", "trained", "doctor", "and", "lawyer", ",", "likewise", "did", "not", "believe", "that", "poe", "had", "already", "returned", "the", "letters" ]
116,691
had better " look after her own letters ", suggesting indiscretion on her part. he then gathered up these letters from ellet and left them at her house. though these letters had already been returned to her, ellet asked her brother " to demand of me the letters ". her brother, colonel william lummis, did not believe that poe had already returned them and threatened to kill him. in order to defend himself, poe requested a pistol from thomas dunn english. english, poe's friend and a minor writer who was also a trained doctor and lawyer, likewise did not believe that poe had already returned the letters
52
[ "home", "of", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "society", ".", "of", "the", "several", "homes", "that", "poe", ",", "his", "wife", "virginia", ",", "and", "his", "mother", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", "maria", "rented", "in", "philadelphia", ",", "only", "the", "last", "house", "has", "survived", ".", "the", "spring", "garden", "home", ",", "where", "the", "author", "lived", "in", "1843", "–", "1844", ",", "is", "today", "preserved", "by", "the", "national", "park", "service", "as", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "national", "historic", "site", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "final", "home", "is", "preserved", "as", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "cottage", "in", "the", "bronx", ".", "in", "boston", ",", "a", "commemorative", "plaque", "on", "boy", "##lston", "street", "is", "several", "blocks", "away", "from", "the", "actual", "location", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "birth", ".", "the", "house", "which", "was", "his", "birthplace", "at", "62", "carver", "street", "no", "longer", "exists", ";" ]
623,127
home of the edgar allan poe society. of the several homes that poe, his wife virginia, and his mother @ - @ in @ - @ law maria rented in philadelphia, only the last house has survived. the spring garden home, where the author lived in 1843 – 1844, is today preserved by the national park service as the edgar allan poe national historic site. poe's final home is preserved as the edgar allan poe cottage in the bronx. in boston, a commemorative plaque on boylston street is several blocks away from the actual location of poe's birth. the house which was his birthplace at 62 carver street no longer exists ;
52
[ "and", "even", "questioned", "their", "existence", ".", "the", "easiest", "way", "out", "of", "the", "pre", "##dic", "##ament", ",", "he", "said", ",", "\"", "was", "a", "re", "##tra", "##ction", "of", "un", "##founded", "charges", "\"", ".", "angered", "at", "being", "called", "a", "liar", ",", "poe", "pushed", "english", "into", "a", "fist", "##fight", ".", "poe", "later", "claimed", "he", "was", "triumphant", "in", "the", "fight", ",", "though", "english", "claimed", "otherwise", ",", "and", "poe", "'", "s", "face", "was", "badly", "cut", "by", "one", "of", "english", "'", "s", "rings", ".", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "version", ",", "he", "said", ",", "\"", "i", "gave", "e", ".", "a", "fl", "##og", "##ging", "which", "he", "will", "remember", "to", "the", "day", "of", "his", "death", ".", "\"", "either", "way", ",", "the", "fight", "further", "sparked", "gossip", "over", "the", "os", "##good", "affair", ".", "os", "##good", "'", "s", "husband", "stepped", "in" ]
116,692
and even questioned their existence. the easiest way out of the predicament, he said, " was a retraction of unfounded charges ". angered at being called a liar, poe pushed english into a fistfight. poe later claimed he was triumphant in the fight, though english claimed otherwise, and poe's face was badly cut by one of english's rings. in poe's version, he said, " i gave e. a flogging which he will remember to the day of his death. " either way, the fight further sparked gossip over the osgood affair. osgood's husband stepped in
52
[ "the", "slightest", "odor", "of", "liquor", "upon", "his", "breath", "or", "person", "\"", ".", "even", "so", ",", "some", "newspapers", "at", "the", "time", "reported", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "as", "\"", "congestion", "of", "the", "brain", "\"", "or", "\"", "cerebral", "inflammation", "\"", ",", "eu", "##ph", "##emi", "##sms", "for", "deaths", "from", "disgrace", "##ful", "causes", "such", "as", "alcoholism", ".", "in", "a", "study", "of", "poe", ",", "a", "psychologist", "suggested", "that", "poe", "had", "dip", "##som", "##ania", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "characterization", "as", "an", "un", "##con", "##tro", "##lla", "##ble", "alcoholic", "is", "disputed", ".", "his", "drinking", "companion", "for", "a", "time", ",", "thomas", "may", "##ne", "reid", ",", "admitted", "that", "the", "two", "engaged", "in", "wild", "\"", "fr", "##olic", "##s", "\"", "but", "that", "poe", "\"", "never", "went", "beyond", "the", "innocent", "mir", "##th", "in", "which", "we", "all", "ind", "##ul", "##ge", ".", ".", "." ]
141,084
the slightest odor of liquor upon his breath or person ". even so, some newspapers at the time reported poe's death as " congestion of the brain " or " cerebral inflammation ", euphemisms for deaths from disgraceful causes such as alcoholism. in a study of poe, a psychologist suggested that poe had dipsomania. poe's characterization as an uncontrollable alcoholic is disputed. his drinking companion for a time, thomas mayne reid, admitted that the two engaged in wild " frolics " but that poe " never went beyond the innocent mirth in which we all indulge...
52
[ "the", "southern", "literary", "messenger", ",", "poe", "offered", "to", "provide", "financially", "for", "maria", ",", "virginia", "and", "henry", "if", "they", "moved", "to", "richmond", ".", "marriage", "plans", "were", "confirmed", "and", "poe", "returned", "to", "baltimore", "to", "file", "for", "a", "marriage", "license", "on", "september", "22", ",", "1835", ".", "the", "couple", "might", "have", "been", "quietly", "married", "as", "well", ",", "though", "accounts", "are", "unclear", ".", "their", "only", "public", "ceremony", "was", "in", "richmond", "on", "may", "16", ",", "1836", ",", "when", "they", "were", "married", "by", "a", "presbyterian", "minister", "named", "rev", ".", "ama", "##sa", "converse", ".", "poe", "was", "27", "and", "virginia", "was", "13", ",", "though", "her", "age", "was", "listed", "as", "21", ".", "this", "marriage", "bond", "was", "filed", "in", "richmond", "and", "included", "an", "af", "##fi", "##dav", "##it", "from", "thomas", "w", ".", "cl", "##eland", "confirming", "the", "bride", "'", "s", "alleged" ]
116,683
the southern literary messenger, poe offered to provide financially for maria, virginia and henry if they moved to richmond. marriage plans were confirmed and poe returned to baltimore to file for a marriage license on september 22, 1835. the couple might have been quietly married as well, though accounts are unclear. their only public ceremony was in richmond on may 16, 1836, when they were married by a presbyterian minister named rev. amasa converse. poe was 27 and virginia was 13, though her age was listed as 21. this marriage bond was filed in richmond and included an affidavit from thomas w. cleland confirming the bride's alleged
52
[ "to", "carry", "poe", "home", "after", "a", "night", "of", "excess", ".", "moreover", ",", "as", "attested", "to", "in", "an", "1848", "pamphlet", "titled", "search", "after", "truth", ",", "chi", "##vers", "disagreed", "with", "poe", "regarding", "aesthetics", ".", "this", "small", "booklet", "presents", "a", "series", "of", "dialogues", "between", "the", "see", "##r", "[", "chi", "##vers", "]", "and", "pol", "##itia", "##n", "[", "poe", "]", ".", "for", "chi", "##vers", ",", "a", "poet", "should", "be", "a", "shelley", "##an", "or", "sweden", "##borg", "##ian", "visionary", "intent", "on", "capturing", "mystic", "realms", "of", "experience", "in", "language", ".", "for", "poe", ",", "the", "poet", "is", "merely", "a", "superior", "words", "##mith", ".", "the", "wise", "see", "##r", "ultimately", "leads", "pol", "##itan", "to", "the", "truth", ".", "after", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ",", "chi", "##vers", "accused", "poe", "of", "pl", "##agi", "##ari", "##zing", "both", "\"", "the", "raven", "\"", "and", "\"" ]
481,388
to carry poe home after a night of excess. moreover, as attested to in an 1848 pamphlet titled search after truth, chivers disagreed with poe regarding aesthetics. this small booklet presents a series of dialogues between the seer [ chivers ] and politian [ poe ]. for chivers, a poet should be a shelleyan or swedenborgian visionary intent on capturing mystic realms of experience in language. for poe, the poet is merely a superior wordsmith. the wise seer ultimately leads politan to the truth. after poe's death, chivers accused poe of plagiarizing both " the raven " and "
52
[ "literature", ".", "ironically", ",", "the", "value", "of", "one", "copy", "today", "is", "more", "money", "than", "poe", "ever", "made", "in", "his", "lifetime", ".", "its", "ra", "##rity", "was", "recognized", "in", "1925", ",", "when", "the", "saturday", "evening", "post", "ran", "an", "article", "titled", "\"", "have", "you", "a", "tame", "##rl", "##ane", "in", "your", "attic", "\"", "?", "after", "the", "article", "ran", ",", "a", "woman", "in", "worcester", ",", "massachusetts", "named", "ada", "s", ".", "dodd", "searched", "and", "found", "a", "copy", ",", "prompting", "others", "to", "search", "as", "well", ".", "today", ",", "most", "of", "the", "surviving", "copies", "are", "owned", "by", "libraries", "and", "museums", ".", "two", "copies", ",", "for", "example", ",", "were", "purchased", "by", "the", "huntington", "library", "in", "new", "york", "in", "1915", ".", "one", "copy", "is", "on", "display", "as", "part", "of", "the", "collection", "at", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "museum", "in" ]
522,314
literature. ironically, the value of one copy today is more money than poe ever made in his lifetime. its rarity was recognized in 1925, when the saturday evening post ran an article titled " have you a tamerlane in your attic "? after the article ran, a woman in worcester, massachusetts named ada s. dodd searched and found a copy, prompting others to search as well. today, most of the surviving copies are owned by libraries and museums. two copies, for example, were purchased by the huntington library in new york in 1915. one copy is on display as part of the collection at the edgar allan poe museum in
52
[ "of", "poe", "is", "believed", "to", "have", "been", "forged", "by", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "and", "though", "friends", "of", "poe", "denounced", "it", ",", "this", "interpretation", "had", "lasting", "impact", ".", "=", "=", "chronology", "=", "=", "on", "september", "27", ",", "1849", ",", "poe", "left", "richmond", ",", "virginia", ",", "on", "his", "way", "home", "to", "new", "york", ".", "no", "reliable", "evidence", "exists", "about", "poe", "'", "s", "whereabouts", "until", "a", "week", "later", "on", "october", "3", ",", "when", "he", "was", "found", "del", "##iri", "##ous", "on", "the", "streets", "of", "baltimore", ",", "outside", "ryan", "'", "s", "tavern", "(", "sometimes", "referred", "to", "as", "gunner", "'", "s", "hall", ")", ".", "a", "printer", "named", "joseph", "w", ".", "walker", "sent", "a", "letter", "requesting", "help", "from", "an", "acquaintance", "of", "poe", ",", "dr", ".", "joseph", "e", ".", "s", "##no", "##d", "##grass", ".", "his" ]
141,073
of poe is believed to have been forged by griswold, and though friends of poe denounced it, this interpretation had lasting impact. = = chronology = = on september 27, 1849, poe left richmond, virginia, on his way home to new york. no reliable evidence exists about poe's whereabouts until a week later on october 3, when he was found delirious on the streets of baltimore, outside ryan's tavern ( sometimes referred to as gunner's hall ). a printer named joseph w. walker sent a letter requesting help from an acquaintance of poe, dr. joseph e. snodgrass. his
52
[ "week", "or", "a", "year", ";", "she", "was", "his", "all", ".", "\"", "a", "year", "after", "her", "death", ",", "he", "wrote", "to", "a", "friend", "that", "he", "had", "experienced", "the", "greatest", "evil", "a", "man", "can", "suffer", "when", ",", "he", "said", ",", "\"", "a", "wife", ",", "whom", "i", "loved", "as", "no", "man", "ever", "loved", "before", "\"", ",", "had", "fallen", "ill", ".", "while", "virginia", "was", "still", "struggling", "to", "recover", ",", "poe", "turned", "to", "alcohol", "after", "abs", "##tain", "##ing", "for", "quite", "some", "time", ".", "how", "often", "and", "how", "much", "he", "drank", "is", "a", "controversial", "issue", ",", "debated", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "lifetime", "and", "also", "by", "modern", "biographer", "##s", ".", "poe", "referred", "to", "his", "emotional", "response", "to", "his", "wife", "'", "s", "sickness", "as", "his", "own", "illness", ",", "and", "that", "he", "found", "the", "cure", "to", "it" ]
116,711
week or a year ; she was his all. " a year after her death, he wrote to a friend that he had experienced the greatest evil a man can suffer when, he said, " a wife, whom i loved as no man ever loved before ", had fallen ill. while virginia was still struggling to recover, poe turned to alcohol after abstaining for quite some time. how often and how much he drank is a controversial issue, debated in poe's lifetime and also by modern biographers. poe referred to his emotional response to his wife's sickness as his own illness, and that he found the cure to it
52
[ "presumably", "meant", "to", "be", "seductive", ",", "though", "poe", "either", "ignored", "it", "or", "did", "not", "understand", "its", "meaning", ".", "he", "then", "gathered", "up", "these", "letters", "from", "elle", "##t", "and", "left", "them", "at", "her", "house", ".", "despite", "her", "letters", "having", "been", "returned", ",", "elle", "##t", "asked", "her", "brother", "\"", "to", "demand", "of", "me", "the", "letters", "\"", ".", "her", "brother", ",", "colonel", "william", "lu", "##mm", "##is", ",", "did", "not", "believe", "that", "poe", "had", "already", "returned", "them", "and", "threatened", "to", "kill", "him", ".", "in", "order", "to", "defend", "himself", ",", "poe", "requested", "a", "pistol", "from", "thomas", "dunn", "english", ",", "who", "did", "not", "believe", "that", "elle", "##t", "ever", "sent", "poe", "any", "letters", ".", "os", "##good", "'", "s", "husband", ",", "samuel", "still", "##man", "os", "##good", ",", "threatened", "to", "sue", "elle", "##t", "unless", "she", "formally", "apologized" ]
459,091
presumably meant to be seductive, though poe either ignored it or did not understand its meaning. he then gathered up these letters from ellet and left them at her house. despite her letters having been returned, ellet asked her brother " to demand of me the letters ". her brother, colonel william lummis, did not believe that poe had already returned them and threatened to kill him. in order to defend himself, poe requested a pistol from thomas dunn english, who did not believe that ellet ever sent poe any letters. osgood's husband, samuel stillman osgood, threatened to sue ellet unless she formally apologized
52
[ "italian", "marble", ",", "paid", "for", "by", "poe", "'", "s", "cousin", "neil", "##son", "poe", ",", "was", "destroyed", "before", "it", "reached", "the", "grave", "when", "a", "train", "der", "##ailed", "and", "pl", "##owed", "through", "the", "monument", "yard", "where", "it", "was", "being", "kept", ".", "instead", ",", "it", "was", "marked", "with", "a", "sand", "@", "-", "@", "stone", "block", "that", "read", "\"", "no", ".", "80", "\"", ".", "in", "1873", ",", "southern", "poet", "paul", "hamilton", "hay", "##ne", "visited", "poe", "'", "s", "grave", "and", "published", "a", "newspaper", "article", "describing", "its", "poor", "condition", "and", "suggesting", "a", "more", "appropriate", "monument", ".", "sara", "si", "##go", "##urne", "##y", "rice", ",", "a", "teacher", "in", "baltimore", "'", "s", "public", "schools", ",", "took", "advantage", "of", "renewed", "interest", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "grave", "site", "and", "personally", "sol", "##ici", "##ted", "for", "funds", ".", "she", "even", "had" ]
141,092
italian marble, paid for by poe's cousin neilson poe, was destroyed before it reached the grave when a train derailed and plowed through the monument yard where it was being kept. instead, it was marked with a sand @ - @ stone block that read " no. 80 ". in 1873, southern poet paul hamilton hayne visited poe's grave and published a newspaper article describing its poor condition and suggesting a more appropriate monument. sara sigourney rice, a teacher in baltimore's public schools, took advantage of renewed interest in poe's grave site and personally solicited for funds. she even had
52
[ "that", "is", ",", "indeed", ",", "a", "hard", "lot", ",", "and", "we", "do", "hope", "that", "the", "friends", "and", "admire", "##rs", "of", "mr", ".", "poe", "will", "come", "promptly", "to", "his", "assistance", "in", "his", "bitter", "##est", "hour", "of", "need", ".", "willis", ",", "who", "had", "not", "corresponded", "with", "poe", "for", "two", "years", "and", "had", "since", "lost", "his", "own", "wife", ",", "was", "one", "of", "his", "greatest", "supporters", "in", "this", "period", ".", "he", "sent", "poe", "and", "his", "wife", "an", "inspirational", "christmas", "book", ",", "the", "marriage", "ring", ";", "or", "how", "to", "make", "a", "home", "happy", ".", "the", "announcement", "was", "similar", "to", "one", "made", "for", "poe", "'", "s", "mother", ",", "eliza", "poe", ",", "during", "her", "last", "stages", "of", "tuberculosis", ".", "other", "newspapers", "picked", "up", "on", "the", "story", ":", "\"", "great", "god", "!", "\"", ",", "said", "one" ]
116,700
that is, indeed, a hard lot, and we do hope that the friends and admirers of mr. poe will come promptly to his assistance in his bitterest hour of need. willis, who had not corresponded with poe for two years and had since lost his own wife, was one of his greatest supporters in this period. he sent poe and his wife an inspirational christmas book, the marriage ring ; or how to make a home happy. the announcement was similar to one made for poe's mother, eliza poe, during her last stages of tuberculosis. other newspapers picked up on the story : " great god! ", said one
52
[ "death", ",", "an", "unknown", "visitor", "affectionately", "referred", "to", "as", "the", "\"", "poe", "toast", "##er", "\"", "paid", "homage", "at", "poe", "'", "s", "grave", "annually", "beginning", "in", "1949", ".", "the", "tradition", "carried", "on", "for", "more", "than", "60", "years", ",", "so", "it", "is", "likely", "that", "the", "\"", "poe", "toast", "##er", "\"", "was", "actually", "more", "than", "one", "individual", ",", "though", "the", "tribute", "was", "always", "the", "same", ".", "every", "january", "19", ",", "in", "the", "early", "hours", "of", "the", "morning", ",", "the", "person", "made", "a", "toast", "of", "co", "##gna", "##c", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "original", "grave", "marker", "and", "left", "three", "roses", ".", "members", "of", "the", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "society", "in", "baltimore", "helped", "protect", "this", "tradition", "for", "decades", ".", "on", "august", "15", ",", "2007", ",", "sam", "por", "##por", "##a", ",", "a", "former", "historian", "at", "the" ]
623,130
death, an unknown visitor affectionately referred to as the " poe toaster " paid homage at poe's grave annually beginning in 1949. the tradition carried on for more than 60 years, so it is likely that the " poe toaster " was actually more than one individual, though the tribute was always the same. every january 19, in the early hours of the morning, the person made a toast of cognac to poe's original grave marker and left three roses. members of the edgar allan poe society in baltimore helped protect this tradition for decades. on august 15, 2007, sam porpora, a former historian at the
52
[ "of", "his", "large", "audience", "and", "continued", "to", "do", "so", "in", "similar", "lectures", ".", "graham", "said", "that", "during", "these", "lectures", ",", "poe", "\"", "gave", "mr", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "some", "rap", "##s", "over", "the", "knuckles", "of", "force", "sufficient", "to", "be", "remembered", "\"", ".", "in", "a", "letter", "dated", "january", "16", ",", "1845", ",", "poe", "tried", "to", "reconcile", "with", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "promising", "him", "that", "his", "lecture", "now", "omitted", "all", "that", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "found", "objection", "##able", ".", "another", "source", "of", "an", "##imo", "##sity", "between", "the", "two", "men", "was", "their", "competition", "for", "the", "attention", "of", "the", "poet", "frances", "sargent", "os", "##good", "in", "the", "mid", "to", "late", "1840s", ".", "while", "both", "she", "and", "poe", "were", "still", "married", "to", "their", "respective", "spouse", "##s", ",", "the", "two", "carried", "on", "a" ]
853,161
of his large audience and continued to do so in similar lectures. graham said that during these lectures, poe " gave mr. griswold some raps over the knuckles of force sufficient to be remembered ". in a letter dated january 16, 1845, poe tried to reconcile with griswold, promising him that his lecture now omitted all that griswold found objectionable. another source of animosity between the two men was their competition for the attention of the poet frances sargent osgood in the mid to late 1840s. while both she and poe were still married to their respective spouses, the two carried on a
52
[ "her", "husband", "'", "s", "alleged", "ind", "##is", "##cre", "##tions", "as", "early", "as", "july", "1845", ".", "on", "her", "death", "##bed", "virginia", "claimed", "\"", "mrs", ".", "e", ".", "had", "been", "her", "murderer", ".", "\"", "as", "poe", "described", "years", "later", ",", "\"", "i", "sc", "##orne", "##d", "mrs", ".", "e", "simply", "because", "she", "revolt", "##ed", "me", ",", "and", "to", "this", "day", "she", "has", "never", "ceased", "her", "anonymous", "persecution", "##s", ".", "\"", "it", "is", "believed", "that", "poe", "wrote", "the", "short", "story", "\"", "hop", "@", "-", "@", "frog", "\"", "as", "a", "literary", "revenge", "on", "elle", "##t", "and", "others", ".", "=", "=", "=", "the", "women", "of", "the", "american", "revolution", "=", "=", "=", "around", "1846", ",", "elle", "##t", "began", "a", "major", "project", "in", "historical", "writing", ":", "to", "profile", "the", "life", "stories", "of", "women", "who", "sacrificed", "for" ]
459,093
her husband's alleged indiscretions as early as july 1845. on her deathbed virginia claimed " mrs. e. had been her murderer. " as poe described years later, " i scorned mrs. e simply because she revolted me, and to this day she has never ceased her anonymous persecutions. " it is believed that poe wrote the short story " hop @ - @ frog " as a literary revenge on ellet and others. = = = the women of the american revolution = = = around 1846, ellet began a major project in historical writing : to profile the life stories of women who sacrificed for
52
[ "was", "a", "true", "suicide", "attempt", "or", "just", "a", "mis", "##cal", "##cula", "##tion", "on", "poe", "'", "s", "part", ",", "it", "did", "not", "lead", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "a", "year", "later", ".", "s", "##no", "##d", "##grass", "was", "convinced", "that", "poe", "died", "from", "alcoholism", "and", "did", "a", "great", "deal", "to", "popular", "##ize", "this", "idea", ".", "he", "was", "a", "supporter", "of", "the", "temperance", "movement", "and", "found", "poe", "a", "useful", "example", "in", "his", "temperance", "work", ".", "however", ",", "s", "##no", "##d", "##grass", "'", "s", "writings", "on", "the", "topic", "have", "been", "proven", "un", "##trust", "##worthy", ".", "moran", "contra", "##dict", "##ed", "s", "##no", "##d", "##grass", "by", "stating", "in", "his", "own", "1885", "account", "that", "poe", "did", "not", "die", "under", "the", "effect", "of", "any", "into", "##xi", "##can", "##t", ".", "moran", "claimed", "that", "poe", "\"", "had", "not" ]
141,083
was a true suicide attempt or just a miscalculation on poe's part, it did not lead to poe's death a year later. snodgrass was convinced that poe died from alcoholism and did a great deal to popularize this idea. he was a supporter of the temperance movement and found poe a useful example in his temperance work. however, snodgrass's writings on the topic have been proven untrustworthy. moran contradicted snodgrass by stating in his own 1885 account that poe did not die under the effect of any intoxicant. moran claimed that poe " had not
52
[ "'", "s", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", ".", "this", "correction", "took", "the", "form", "of", "a", "memoir", "now", "titled", "chi", "##vers", "'", "life", "of", "poe", ",", "not", "published", "until", "1952", ".", "chi", "##vers", "said", "of", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "that", "he", "\"", "is", "not", "only", "inc", "##omp", "##ete", "##nt", "to", "edit", "any", "of", "[", "poe", "'", "s", "]", "works", ",", "but", "totally", "unconscious", "of", "the", "duties", "which", "he", "and", "every", "man", "who", "sets", "himself", "up", "as", "a", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", ",", "owe", "the", "dead", ".", "\"", "chi", "##vers", "continued", "to", "defend", "poe", "'", "s", "reputation", "until", "the", "end", "of", "his", "life", ".", "from", "1845", "to", "1850", ",", "chi", "##vers", "had", "been", "living", "with", "his", "wife", "in", "georgia", ",", "then", "spent", "the", "next", "five", "years", "in", "the", "north" ]
481,391
' s literary executor. this correction took the form of a memoir now titled chivers'life of poe, not published until 1952. chivers said of griswold that he " is not only incompetent to edit any of [ poe's ] works, but totally unconscious of the duties which he and every man who sets himself up as a literary executor, owe the dead. " chivers continued to defend poe's reputation until the end of his life. from 1845 to 1850, chivers had been living with his wife in georgia, then spent the next five years in the north
52
[ "but", "that", ",", "from", "the", "time", "she", "turned", "16", ",", "they", "had", "a", "\"", "normal", "\"", "married", "life", "until", "the", "onset", "of", "her", "illness", ".", "virginia", "and", "poe", "were", "by", "all", "accounts", "a", "happy", "and", "devoted", "couple", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "one", "@", "-", "@", "time", "employer", "george", "rex", "graham", "wrote", "of", "their", "relationship", ":", "\"", "his", "love", "for", "his", "wife", "was", "a", "sort", "of", "rap", "##tur", "##ous", "worship", "of", "the", "spirit", "of", "beauty", ".", "\"", "poe", "once", "wrote", "to", "a", "friend", ",", "\"", "i", "see", "no", "one", "among", "the", "living", "as", "beautiful", "as", "my", "little", "wife", ".", "\"", "she", ",", "in", "turn", ",", "by", "many", "contemporary", "accounts", ",", "nearly", "idol", "##ized", "her", "husband", ".", "she", "often", "sat", "close", "to", "him", "while", "he", "wrote", ",", "kept", "his", "pens" ]
116,687
but that, from the time she turned 16, they had a " normal " married life until the onset of her illness. virginia and poe were by all accounts a happy and devoted couple. poe's one @ - @ time employer george rex graham wrote of their relationship : " his love for his wife was a sort of rapturous worship of the spirit of beauty. " poe once wrote to a friend, " i see no one among the living as beautiful as my little wife. " she, in turn, by many contemporary accounts, nearly idolized her husband. she often sat close to him while he wrote, kept his pens
52
[ "in", "october", "1845", "that", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "probably", "had", "a", "greater", "circulation", "than", "any", "other", "american", "story", "and", "\"", "perhaps", "it", "is", "the", "most", "ing", "##eni", "##ous", "story", "mr", ".", "poe", "has", "written", ";", "but", ".", ".", ".", "it", "is", "not", "at", "all", "comparable", "to", "the", "'", "tell", "@", "-", "@", "tale", "heart", "'", "β€”", "and", "more", "especially", "to", "'", "li", "##ge", "##ia", "'", "\"", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "friend", "thomas", "ho", "##lley", "chi", "##vers", "said", "that", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "ushered", "in", "\"", "the", "golden", "age", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "literary", "life", "\"", ".", "the", "popularity", "of", "the", "story", "also", "brought", "controversy", ".", "within", "a", "month", "of", "its", "publication", ",", "poe", "was", "accused", "of", "con", "##sp", "##iring", "with" ]
481,963
in october 1845 that " the gold @ - @ bug " probably had a greater circulation than any other american story and " perhaps it is the most ingenious story mr. poe has written ; but... it is not at all comparable to the'tell @ - @ tale heart'β€” and more especially to'ligeia'". poe's friend thomas holley chivers said that " the gold @ - @ bug " ushered in " the golden age of poe's literary life ". the popularity of the story also brought controversy. within a month of its publication, poe was accused of conspiring with
52
[ "poe", ",", "including", "w", ".", "h", ".", "davenport", "in", "1880", ",", "thomas", "r", ".", "slice", "##r", "in", "1909", ",", "and", "augustus", "hopkins", "strong", "in", "1916", ".", "many", "used", "poe", "as", "a", "caution", "##ary", "tale", "against", "alcohol", "and", "drugs", ".", "in", "1941", ",", "arthur", "ho", "##bson", "quinn", "presented", "evidence", "that", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "had", "forged", "and", "re", "@", "-", "@", "written", "a", "number", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "letters", "that", "were", "included", "in", "his", "\"", "memoir", "of", "the", "author", "\"", ".", "by", "then", ",", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "depiction", "of", "poe", "was", "en", "##tre", "##nched", "in", "the", "mind", "of", "the", "public", ",", "not", "only", "in", "america", "but", "around", "the", "world", ",", "and", "this", "distorted", "image", "of", "poe", "has", "become", "part", "of", "the", "poe", "legend", "despite", "attempts", "to" ]
141,101
poe, including w. h. davenport in 1880, thomas r. slicer in 1909, and augustus hopkins strong in 1916. many used poe as a cautionary tale against alcohol and drugs. in 1941, arthur hobson quinn presented evidence that griswold had forged and re @ - @ written a number of poe's letters that were included in his " memoir of the author ". by then, griswold's depiction of poe was entrenched in the mind of the public, not only in america but around the world, and this distorted image of poe has become part of the poe legend despite attempts to
52
[ "\"", "or", "crypt", "##ography", "(", "he", "was", "probably", "inspired", "by", "an", "interest", "in", "daniel", "def", "##oe", "'", "s", "robinson", "cr", "##uso", "##e", ")", ",", "poe", "certainly", "popularized", "it", "during", "his", "time", ".", "to", "most", "people", "in", "the", "19th", "century", ",", "crypt", "##ography", "was", "mysterious", "and", "those", "able", "to", "break", "the", "codes", "were", "considered", "gifted", "with", "nearly", "supernatural", "ability", ".", "poe", "had", "drawn", "attention", "to", "it", "as", "a", "novelty", "over", "four", "months", "in", "the", "philadelphia", "publication", "alexander", "'", "s", "weekly", "messenger", "in", "1840", ".", "he", "had", "asked", "readers", "to", "submit", "their", "own", "substitution", "cipher", "##s", ",", "bo", "##ast", "##ing", "he", "could", "solve", "all", "of", "them", "with", "little", "effort", ".", "the", "challenge", "brought", "about", ",", "as", "poe", "wrote", ",", "\"", "a", "very", "lively", "interest", "among", "the", "numerous", "readers", "of", "the" ]
481,955
" or cryptography ( he was probably inspired by an interest in daniel defoe's robinson crusoe ), poe certainly popularized it during his time. to most people in the 19th century, cryptography was mysterious and those able to break the codes were considered gifted with nearly supernatural ability. poe had drawn attention to it as a novelty over four months in the philadelphia publication alexander's weekly messenger in 1840. he had asked readers to submit their own substitution ciphers, boasting he could solve all of them with little effort. the challenge brought about, as poe wrote, " a very lively interest among the numerous readers of the
52
[ "westminster", "church", "in", "baltimore", "where", "poe", "is", "buried", ",", "claimed", "that", "he", "had", "started", "the", "tradition", ".", "por", "##por", "##a", "said", "that", "the", "tradition", "began", "in", "1949", "in", "order", "to", "raise", "money", "and", "enhance", "the", "profile", "of", "the", "church", ".", "his", "story", "has", "not", "been", "confirmed", ",", "and", "some", "details", "which", "he", "gave", "to", "the", "press", "have", "been", "pointed", "out", "as", "factual", "##ly", "inaccurate", ".", "the", "poe", "toast", "##er", "'", "s", "last", "appearance", "was", "on", "january", "19", ",", "2009", ",", "the", "day", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "bi", "##cent", "##ennial", ".", "=", "=", "selected", "list", "of", "works", "=", "=", "other", "works", "pol", "##itia", "##n", "(", "1835", ")", "–", "poe", "'", "s", "only", "play", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", "(", "1838", ")", "–", "poe", "'" ]
623,131
westminster church in baltimore where poe is buried, claimed that he had started the tradition. porpora said that the tradition began in 1949 in order to raise money and enhance the profile of the church. his story has not been confirmed, and some details which he gave to the press have been pointed out as factually inaccurate. the poe toaster's last appearance was on january 19, 2009, the day of poe's bicentennial. = = selected list of works = = other works politian ( 1835 ) – poe's only play the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket ( 1838 ) – poe '
52
[ "of", "death", "remains", "a", "mystery", ".", "speculation", "has", "included", "del", "##iri", "##um", "tre", "##men", "##s", ",", "heart", "disease", ",", "ep", "##ile", "##psy", ",", "sy", "##phi", "##lis", ",", "men", "##inge", "##al", "inflammation", ",", "cholera", ",", "and", "ra", "##bies", ".", "one", "theory", "dating", "from", "1872", "suggests", "that", "coop", "##ing", "was", "the", "cause", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ",", "a", "form", "of", "electoral", "fraud", "in", "which", "citizens", "were", "forced", "to", "vote", "for", "a", "particular", "candidate", ",", "sometimes", "leading", "to", "violence", "and", "even", "murder", ".", "the", "day", "that", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "was", "buried", ",", "a", "long", "obituary", "appeared", "in", "the", "new", "york", "tribune", "signed", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", ".", "it", "was", "soon", "published", "throughout", "the", "country", ".", "the", "piece", "began", ",", "\"", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "is", "dead", ".", "he", "died", "in", "baltimore", "the" ]
623,108
of death remains a mystery. speculation has included delirium tremens, heart disease, epilepsy, syphilis, meningeal inflammation, cholera, and rabies. one theory dating from 1872 suggests that cooping was the cause of poe's death, a form of electoral fraud in which citizens were forced to vote for a particular candidate, sometimes leading to violence and even murder. the day that edgar allan poe was buried, a long obituary appeared in the new york tribune signed " ludwig ". it was soon published throughout the country. the piece began, " edgar allan poe is dead. he died in baltimore the
52
[ "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "had", "served", "as", "an", "agent", "for", "several", "american", "authors", ",", "but", "it", "is", "unclear", "whether", "poe", "appointed", "him", "to", "be", "the", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "or", "whether", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "became", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "through", "a", "trick", "or", "a", "mistake", "by", "poe", "'", "s", "aunt", "and", "mother", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", ",", "maria", ".", "in", "1850", "he", "presented", ",", "in", "collaboration", "with", "james", "russell", "lowell", "and", "nathaniel", "parker", "willis", ",", "a", "collection", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "work", "that", "included", "a", "biographical", "article", "titled", "\"", "memoir", "of", "the", "author", "\"", ",", "in", "which", "poe", "was", "depicted", "as", "a", "de", "##pr", "##ave", "##d", ",", "drunk", ",", "drug", "@", "-", "@", "add", "##led", "madman", ".", "many", "parts", "of", "it", "were", "believed", "to" ]
141,099
##iswold had served as an agent for several american authors, but it is unclear whether poe appointed him to be the executor or whether griswold became executor through a trick or a mistake by poe's aunt and mother @ - @ in @ - @ law, maria. in 1850 he presented, in collaboration with james russell lowell and nathaniel parker willis, a collection of poe's work that included a biographical article titled " memoir of the author ", in which poe was depicted as a depraved, drunk, drug @ - @ addled madman. many parts of it were believed to
52
[ "repeatedly", ",", "if", "not", "considered", "altogether", "un", "##trust", "##worthy", ".", "throughout", "the", "years", "after", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ",", "his", "story", "changed", "as", "he", "wrote", "and", "lectured", "on", "the", "topic", ".", "he", "claimed", "(", "in", "1875", "and", "again", "in", "1885", ",", "for", "example", ")", "that", "he", "had", "immediately", "contacted", "poe", "'", "s", "aunt", "(", "and", "mother", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", ")", ",", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", ",", "to", "let", "her", "know", "about", "poe", "'", "s", "death", ";", "in", "fact", ",", "he", "wrote", "to", "her", "only", "after", "she", "had", "requested", "it", "on", "november", "9", ",", "almost", "a", "full", "month", "after", "the", "event", ".", "he", "also", "claimed", "that", "poe", "had", "said", ",", "quite", "poetic", "##ally", ",", "as", "he", "prepared", "to", "draw", "his", "last", "breath", ":", "\"" ]
141,079
repeatedly, if not considered altogether untrustworthy. throughout the years after poe's death, his story changed as he wrote and lectured on the topic. he claimed ( in 1875 and again in 1885, for example ) that he had immediately contacted poe's aunt ( and mother @ - @ in @ - @ law ), maria clemm, to let her know about poe's death ; in fact, he wrote to her only after she had requested it on november 9, almost a full month after the event. he also claimed that poe had said, quite poetically, as he prepared to draw his last breath : "
52
[ "as", "one", "of", "the", "rare", "##st", "first", "editions", "in", "american", "literature", ".", "=", "=", "background", "=", "=", "edgar", "poe", "was", "unable", "to", "complete", "studies", "at", "the", "university", "of", "virginia", "due", "to", "gambling", "debts", ".", "he", "left", "the", "university", "in", "march", "1827", "and", "the", "already", "@", "-", "@", "strained", "relationship", "with", "his", "foster", "father", ",", "john", "allan", ",", "grew", "worse", ".", "poe", "determined", "to", "go", "to", "boston", ",", "where", "he", "was", "born", ".", "when", "poe", "'", "s", "biological", "mother", "eliza", "poe", "died", ",", "the", "only", "object", "she", "left", "him", "was", "a", "water", "##color", "painting", "of", "the", "city", ",", "on", "the", "back", "of", "which", "she", "had", "written", ",", "\"", "for", "my", "little", "son", "edgar", ",", "who", "should", "ever", "love", "boston", ",", "the", "place", "of", "his", "birth", ",", "and", "where", "his" ]
522,299
as one of the rarest first editions in american literature. = = background = = edgar poe was unable to complete studies at the university of virginia due to gambling debts. he left the university in march 1827 and the already @ - @ strained relationship with his foster father, john allan, grew worse. poe determined to go to boston, where he was born. when poe's biological mother eliza poe died, the only object she left him was a watercolor painting of the city, on the back of which she had written, " for my little son edgar, who should ever love boston, the place of his birth, and where his
52
[ "epic", "##urus", "-", "poe", "refers", "to", "the", "ancient", "greek", "philosopher", "with", "the", "term", "\"", "epic", "##ure", "##an", "atoms", "\"", ".", "epic", "##urus", "believed", "that", "reality", "is", "composed", "solely", "of", "atoms", ",", "or", "ind", "##iv", "##isi", "##ble", "units", "of", "mass", ",", "and", "void", ".", "it", "has", "been", "suggested", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "ex", "##ult", "##ation", "of", "the", "\"", "false", "scientist", "\"", "epic", "##urus", "is", "an", "indication", "that", "eureka", "is", "really", "a", "satire", ".", "aristotle", "-", "poe", "refers", "to", "the", "famous", "student", "of", "plato", "as", "\"", "ari", "##es", "to", "##ttle", "\"", ",", "whom", "he", "claims", "is", "turkish", "and", "whose", "ideas", "come", "out", "of", "his", "nose", "like", "s", "##nee", "##zes", ".", "francis", "bacon", "-", "the", "name", "\"", "hog", "\"", "is", "a", "reference", "to", "the", "english", "philosopher", "and", "origin", "##ator", "of", "the" ]
763,331
epicurus - poe refers to the ancient greek philosopher with the term " epicurean atoms ". epicurus believed that reality is composed solely of atoms, or indivisible units of mass, and void. it has been suggested that poe's exultation of the " false scientist " epicurus is an indication that eureka is really a satire. aristotle - poe refers to the famous student of plato as " aries tottle ", whom he claims is turkish and whose ideas come out of his nose like sneezes. francis bacon - the name " hog " is a reference to the english philosopher and originator of the
52
[ ",", "although", "he", "himself", "often", "duplicate", "##d", "entire", "works", "during", "his", "time", "as", "an", "editor", ",", "particularly", "with", "the", "brother", "jonathan", ".", "a", "contemporary", "editor", "said", "of", "him", ",", "\"", "he", "takes", "advantage", "of", "a", "state", "of", "things", "which", "he", "declares", "to", "be", "'", "im", "##moral", ",", "un", "##just", "and", "wicked", ",", "'", "and", "even", "while", "hara", "##ng", "##uing", "the", "loud", "##est", ",", "is", "pu", "##rl", "##oin", "##ing", "the", "fastest", ".", "\"", "even", "so", ",", "he", "was", "chosen", "to", "represent", "the", "publishing", "industry", "before", "congress", "in", "the", "spring", "of", "1844", "to", "discuss", "the", "need", "for", "copyright", "law", ".", "=", "=", "relationship", "with", "poe", "=", "=", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "first", "met", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "in", "philadelphia", "in", "may", "1841", "while", "working", "for", "the", "daily", "standard", ".", "at", "the" ]
853,157
, although he himself often duplicated entire works during his time as an editor, particularly with the brother jonathan. a contemporary editor said of him, " he takes advantage of a state of things which he declares to be'immoral, unjust and wicked,'and even while haranguing the loudest, is purloining the fastest. " even so, he was chosen to represent the publishing industry before congress in the spring of 1844 to discuss the need for copyright law. = = relationship with poe = = griswold first met edgar allan poe in philadelphia in may 1841 while working for the daily standard. at the
52
[ "\"", "the", "murders", "in", "the", "rue", "mor", "##gue", "\"", "first", "appeared", "in", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", "in", "april", "1841", "while", "poe", "was", "working", "as", "an", "editor", ".", "he", "was", "paid", "an", "additional", "$", "56", "for", "it", "β€”", "an", "unusually", "high", "figure", ";", "he", "was", "only", "paid", "$", "9", "for", "\"", "the", "raven", "\"", ".", "in", "1843", ",", "poe", "had", "the", "idea", "to", "print", "a", "series", "of", "pamphlets", "with", "his", "stories", "entitled", "the", "prose", "romance", "##s", "of", "edgar", "a", ".", "poe", ".", "he", "printed", "only", "one", ",", "\"", "the", "murders", "in", "the", "rue", "mor", "##gue", "\"", "oddly", "collected", "with", "the", "satirical", "\"", "the", "man", "that", "was", "used", "up", "\"", ".", "it", "sold", "for", "12", "and", "a", "half", "cents", ".", "this", "version", "included", "52", "changes", "from", "the", "original", "text", "from" ]
846,940
" the murders in the rue morgue " first appeared in graham's magazine in april 1841 while poe was working as an editor. he was paid an additional $ 56 for it β€” an unusually high figure ; he was only paid $ 9 for " the raven ". in 1843, poe had the idea to print a series of pamphlets with his stories entitled the prose romances of edgar a. poe. he printed only one, " the murders in the rue morgue " oddly collected with the satirical " the man that was used up ". it sold for 12 and a half cents. this version included 52 changes from the original text from
52
[ "engagement", "failed", ",", "purported", "##ly", "because", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "drinking", "and", "erratic", "behavior", ".", "there", "is", "also", "strong", "evidence", "that", "whitman", "'", "s", "mother", "intervened", "and", "did", "much", "to", "der", "##ail", "their", "relationship", ".", "poe", "then", "returned", "to", "richmond", "and", "resumed", "a", "relationship", "with", "his", "childhood", "sweetheart", "sarah", "elm", "##ira", "roy", "##ster", ".", "on", "october", "3", ",", "1849", ",", "poe", "was", "found", "del", "##iri", "##ous", "on", "the", "streets", "of", "baltimore", ",", "\"", "in", "great", "distress", ",", "and", ".", ".", ".", "in", "need", "of", "immediate", "assistance", "\"", ",", "according", "to", "joseph", "w", ".", "walker", "who", "found", "him", ".", "he", "was", "taken", "to", "the", "washington", "medical", "college", "where", "he", "died", "on", "sunday", ",", "october", "7", ",", "1849", "at", "5", ":", "00", "in", "the", "morning", ".", "poe", "was", "never", "coherent" ]
623,106
engagement failed, purportedly because of poe's drinking and erratic behavior. there is also strong evidence that whitman's mother intervened and did much to derail their relationship. poe then returned to richmond and resumed a relationship with his childhood sweetheart sarah elmira royster. on october 3, 1849, poe was found delirious on the streets of baltimore, " in great distress, and... in need of immediate assistance ", according to joseph w. walker who found him. he was taken to the washington medical college where he died on sunday, october 7, 1849 at 5 : 00 in the morning. poe was never coherent
52
[ "influence", ",", "praised", "the", "novel", "as", "\"", "poe", "'", "s", "greatest", "work", "\"", ".", "h", ".", "g", ".", "wells", "noted", "that", "\"", "p", "##ym", "tells", "what", "a", "very", "intelligent", "mind", "could", "imagine", "about", "the", "south", "polar", "region", "a", "century", "ago", "\"", ".", "even", "so", ",", "most", "scholars", "did", "not", "engage", "in", "much", "serious", "discussion", "or", "analysis", "of", "the", "novel", "until", "the", "1950s", ",", "though", "many", "in", "france", "recognized", "the", "work", "much", "earlier", ".", "the", "financial", "and", "critical", "failure", "of", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", "was", "a", "turning", "point", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "career", ".", "for", "one", ",", "he", "was", "driven", "to", "literary", "duties", "that", "would", "make", "him", "money", ",", "notably", "his", "controversial", "role", "as", "editor", "of", "the", "con", "##cho", "##logist", "'", "s", "first" ]
606,659
influence, praised the novel as " poe's greatest work ". h. g. wells noted that " pym tells what a very intelligent mind could imagine about the south polar region a century ago ". even so, most scholars did not engage in much serious discussion or analysis of the novel until the 1950s, though many in france recognized the work much earlier. the financial and critical failure of the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket was a turning point in poe's career. for one, he was driven to literary duties that would make him money, notably his controversial role as editor of the conchologist's first
52
[ "nevertheless", ",", "the", "leg", "##rand", "character", "is", "often", "compared", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "fictional", "detective", "c", ".", "auguste", "du", "##pin", "due", "to", "his", "use", "of", "\"", "ratio", "##cina", "##tion", "\"", ".", "\"", "ratio", "##cina", "##tion", "\"", ",", "a", "term", "poe", "used", "to", "describe", "du", "##pin", "'", "s", "method", ",", "is", "the", "process", "by", "which", "du", "##pin", "detect", "##s", "what", "others", "have", "not", "seen", "or", "what", "others", "have", "deemed", "un", "##im", "##port", "##ant", ".", "=", "=", "publication", "history", "and", "reception", "=", "=", "poe", "originally", "sold", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "to", "george", "rex", "graham", "for", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", "for", "$", "52", "but", "asked", "for", "it", "back", "when", "he", "heard", "about", "a", "writing", "contest", "sponsored", "by", "philadelphia", "'", "s", "dollar", "newspaper", ".", "incident", "##ally", ",", "poe" ]
481,959
nevertheless, the legrand character is often compared to poe's fictional detective c. auguste dupin due to his use of " ratiocination ". " ratiocination ", a term poe used to describe dupin's method, is the process by which dupin detects what others have not seen or what others have deemed unimportant. = = publication history and reception = = poe originally sold " the gold @ - @ bug " to george rex graham for graham's magazine for $ 52 but asked for it back when he heard about a writing contest sponsored by philadelphia's dollar newspaper. incidentally, poe
52
[ "-", "@", "old", "daughter", "just", "over", "a", "week", "later", ".", "poe", "had", "written", "about", "chi", "##vers", "in", "the", "second", "part", "of", "his", "\"", "auto", "##graphy", "\"", "series", ",", "published", "in", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", "in", "december", "1841", ".", "poe", "said", ":", "his", "productions", "affect", "one", "as", "a", "wild", "dream", "β€”", "strange", ",", "inc", "##ong", "##ru", "##ous", ",", "full", "of", "images", "of", "more", "than", "arab", "##es", "##que", "mons", "##tro", "##sity", ",", "and", "snatch", "##es", "of", "sweet", "un", "##sus", "##tained", "song", ".", "even", "his", "worst", "nonsense", "(", "and", "some", "of", "it", "is", "horrible", ")", "has", "an", "indefinite", "charm", "of", "sentiment", "and", "melody", ".", "we", "can", "never", "be", "sure", "that", "there", "is", "any", "meaning", "in", "his", "words", "β€”", "neither", "is", "there", "any", "meaning", "in", "many", "of", "our", "finest", "musical", "airs", "β€”" ]
481,385
- @ old daughter just over a week later. poe had written about chivers in the second part of his " autography " series, published in graham's magazine in december 1841. poe said : his productions affect one as a wild dream β€” strange, incongruous, full of images of more than arabesque monstrosity, and snatches of sweet unsustained song. even his worst nonsense ( and some of it is horrible ) has an indefinite charm of sentiment and melody. we can never be sure that there is any meaning in his words β€” neither is there any meaning in many of our finest musical airs β€”
52
[ "while", "acknowledging", "this", "as", "one", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "failing", "##s", ",", "i", "can", "speak", "truly", "of", "its", "not", "being", "habit", "##ual", "\"", ".", "some", "believe", "poe", "had", "a", "severe", "su", "##sc", "##ept", "##ibility", "to", "alcohol", "and", "became", "drunk", "after", "one", "glass", "of", "wine", ".", "he", "only", "drank", "during", "difficult", "periods", "of", "his", "life", "and", "sometimes", "went", "several", "months", "at", "a", "time", "without", "alcohol", ".", "adding", "further", "confusion", "about", "the", "frequency", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "use", "of", "alcohol", "was", "his", "membership", "in", "the", "sons", "of", "temperance", "at", "the", "time", "of", "his", "death", ".", "william", "glenn", ",", "who", "administered", "poe", "'", "s", "pledge", ",", "wrote", "years", "later", "that", "the", "temperance", "community", "had", "no", "reason", "to", "believe", "poe", "had", "violated", "his", "pledge", "while", "in", "richmond", ".", "suggestions", "of", "a", "drug" ]
141,085
while acknowledging this as one of poe's failings, i can speak truly of its not being habitual ". some believe poe had a severe susceptibility to alcohol and became drunk after one glass of wine. he only drank during difficult periods of his life and sometimes went several months at a time without alcohol. adding further confusion about the frequency of poe's use of alcohol was his membership in the sons of temperance at the time of his death. william glenn, who administered poe's pledge, wrote years later that the temperance community had no reason to believe poe had violated his pledge while in richmond. suggestions of a drug
52
[ "science", ",", "but", "insisted", "that", "it", "was", "still", "true", "and", "considered", "it", "to", "be", "his", "career", "masterpiece", ".", "even", "so", ",", "eureka", "is", "full", "of", "scientific", "errors", ".", "in", "particular", ",", "poe", "'", "s", "suggestions", "ignored", "newton", "##ian", "principles", "regarding", "the", "density", "and", "rotation", "of", "planets", ".", "=", "=", "=", "crypt", "##ography", "=", "=", "=", "poe", "had", "a", "keen", "interest", "in", "crypt", "##ography", ".", "he", "had", "placed", "a", "notice", "of", "his", "abilities", "in", "the", "philadelphia", "paper", "alexander", "'", "s", "weekly", "(", "express", ")", "messenger", ",", "inviting", "submissions", "of", "cipher", "##s", "which", "he", "proceeded", "to", "solve", ".", "in", "july", "1841", ",", "poe", "had", "published", "an", "essay", "called", "\"", "a", "few", "words", "on", "secret", "writing", "\"", "in", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", ".", "capital", "##izing", "on", "public", "interest", "in", "the", "topic" ]
623,122
science, but insisted that it was still true and considered it to be his career masterpiece. even so, eureka is full of scientific errors. in particular, poe's suggestions ignored newtonian principles regarding the density and rotation of planets. = = = cryptography = = = poe had a keen interest in cryptography. he had placed a notice of his abilities in the philadelphia paper alexander's weekly ( express ) messenger, inviting submissions of ciphers which he proceeded to solve. in july 1841, poe had published an essay called " a few words on secret writing " in graham's magazine. capitalizing on public interest in the topic
52
[ "?", "\"", "the", "response", "is", ",", "\"", "'", "tis", "someone", "knocking", "softly", "at", "the", "shutter", ".", "\"", "dickens", "'", "s", "raven", "could", "speak", "many", "words", "and", "had", "many", "comic", "turns", ",", "including", "the", "popping", "of", "a", "champagne", "cork", ",", "but", "poe", "emphasized", "the", "bird", "'", "s", "more", "dramatic", "qualities", ".", "poe", "had", "written", "a", "review", "of", "barn", "##aby", "ru", "##dge", "for", "graham", "'", "s", "magazine", "saying", ",", "among", "other", "things", ",", "that", "the", "raven", "should", "have", "served", "a", "more", "symbolic", ",", "prophet", "##ic", "purpose", ".", "the", "similarity", "did", "not", "go", "unnoticed", ":", "james", "russell", "lowell", "in", "his", "a", "fable", "for", "critics", "wrote", "the", "verse", ",", "\"", "here", "comes", "poe", "with", "his", "raven", ",", "like", "barn", "##aby", "ru", "##dge", "/", "three", "@", "-", "@", "fifth", "##s", "of", "him", "genius" ]
654,090
? " the response is, "'tis someone knocking softly at the shutter. " dickens's raven could speak many words and had many comic turns, including the popping of a champagne cork, but poe emphasized the bird's more dramatic qualities. poe had written a review of barnaby rudge for graham's magazine saying, among other things, that the raven should have served a more symbolic, prophetic purpose. the similarity did not go unnoticed : james russell lowell in his a fable for critics wrote the verse, " here comes poe with his raven, like barnaby rudge / three @ - @ fifths of him genius
52
[ "last", "two", "appeared", "on", "the", "front", "page", "and", "included", "illustrations", "by", "f", ".", "o", ".", "c", ".", "dar", "##ley", ".", "further", "reprint", "##ings", "in", "united", "states", "newspapers", "made", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "poe", "'", "s", "most", "widely", "read", "short", "story", "during", "his", "lifetime", ".", "by", "may", "1844", ",", "poe", "reported", "that", "it", "had", "circulated", "300", "@", ",", "@", "000", "copies", ",", "though", "he", "was", "probably", "not", "paid", "for", "these", "reprint", "##s", ".", "it", "also", "helped", "increase", "his", "popularity", "as", "a", "lecturer", ".", "one", "lecture", "in", "philadelphia", "after", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "was", "published", "drew", "such", "a", "large", "crowd", "that", "hundreds", "were", "turned", "away", ".", "as", "poe", "wrote", "in", "a", "letter", "in", "1848", ",", "it", "\"", "made", "a", "great", "noise", "." ]
481,961
last two appeared on the front page and included illustrations by f. o. c. darley. further reprintings in united states newspapers made " the gold @ - @ bug " poe's most widely read short story during his lifetime. by may 1844, poe reported that it had circulated 300 @, @ 000 copies, though he was probably not paid for these reprints. it also helped increase his popularity as a lecturer. one lecture in philadelphia after " the gold @ - @ bug " was published drew such a large crowd that hundreds were turned away. as poe wrote in a letter in 1848, it " made a great noise.
52
[ "calling", "for", "\"", "herring", "\"", ",", "as", "the", "author", "had", "an", "uncle", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", "in", "baltimore", "named", "henry", "herring", ".", "in", "later", "test", "##imo", "##nies", "moran", "avoided", "reference", "to", "reynolds", "but", "mentioned", "a", "visit", "by", "a", "\"", "misses", "herring", "\"", ".", "he", "also", "claimed", "he", "attempted", "to", "cheer", "up", "poe", "during", "one", "of", "the", "few", "times", "poe", "was", "awake", ".", "when", "moran", "told", "his", "patient", "that", "he", "would", "soon", "be", "enjoying", "the", "company", "of", "friends", ",", "poe", "allegedly", "replied", "that", "\"", "the", "best", "thing", "his", "friend", "could", "do", "would", "be", "to", "blow", "out", "his", "brains", "with", "a", "pistol", "\"", ".", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "distressed", "state", ",", "he", "made", "reference", "to", "a", "wife", "in", "richmond", ".", "he", "may", "have", "been", "del", "##usion" ]
141,077
calling for " herring ", as the author had an uncle @ - @ in @ - @ law in baltimore named henry herring. in later testimonies moran avoided reference to reynolds but mentioned a visit by a " misses herring ". he also claimed he attempted to cheer up poe during one of the few times poe was awake. when moran told his patient that he would soon be enjoying the company of friends, poe allegedly replied that " the best thing his friend could do would be to blow out his brains with a pistol ". in poe's distressed state, he made reference to a wife in richmond. he may have been delusion
52
[ "bun", "##gling", "business", "β€”", "an", "imp", "##ude", "##nt", "attempt", "at", "imposing", "on", "the", "cr", "##ed", "##uli", "##ty", "of", "the", "ignorant", ".", "\"", "nevertheless", ",", "some", "readers", "believed", "portions", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "novel", "were", "true", ",", "especially", "in", "england", ",", "and", "justified", "the", "absurd", "##ity", "of", "the", "book", "with", "an", "assumption", "that", "author", "p", "##ym", "was", "ex", "##agger", "##ating", "the", "truth", ".", "publisher", "george", "putnam", "later", "noted", "that", "\"", "whole", "columns", "of", "these", "new", "'", "discoveries", ",", "'", "including", "the", "hi", "##ero", "##gly", "##phic", "##s", "(", "sic", ")", "found", "on", "the", "rocks", ",", "were", "copied", "by", "many", "of", "the", "english", "country", "papers", "as", "sober", "historical", "truth", ".", "\"", "in", "contrast", ",", "the", "renowned", "20th", "century", "argentine", "writer", "jorge", "luis", "borg", "##es", ",", "who", "admitted", "poe", "as", "a", "strong" ]
606,658
bungling business β€” an impudent attempt at imposing on the credulity of the ignorant. " nevertheless, some readers believed portions of poe's novel were true, especially in england, and justified the absurdity of the book with an assumption that author pym was exaggerating the truth. publisher george putnam later noted that " whole columns of these new'discoveries,'including the hieroglyphics ( sic ) found on the rocks, were copied by many of the english country papers as sober historical truth. " in contrast, the renowned 20th century argentine writer jorge luis borges, who admitted poe as a strong
52
[ "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "in", "order", "to", "avoid", "using", "the", "two", "es", "found", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "name", ".", "on", "may", "5", ",", "1974", "author", "and", "journalist", "arthur", "ko", "##est", "##ler", "published", "a", "letter", "from", "reader", "nigel", "parker", "in", "the", "sunday", "times", "of", "a", "striking", "coincidence", "between", "a", "scene", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "novel", "and", "an", "actual", "event", "that", "happened", "decades", "later", ":", "in", "1884", ",", "the", "yacht", "mig", "##non", "##ette", "sank", ",", "with", "four", "men", "cast", "ad", "##rift", ".", "they", "drew", "lots", "to", "decide", "which", "of", "them", "should", "be", "sacrificed", "as", "food", "for", "the", "other", "three", ",", "just", "as", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "novel", ".", "the", "loser", "was", "a", "sailor", "named", "richard", "parker", ",", "coincidentally", "the", "same", "name", "as", "poe", "'", "s", "fictional", "character", ".", "parker", "'" ]
606,667
arthur gordon pym in order to avoid using the two es found in poe's name. on may 5, 1974 author and journalist arthur koestler published a letter from reader nigel parker in the sunday times of a striking coincidence between a scene in poe's novel and an actual event that happened decades later : in 1884, the yacht mignonette sank, with four men cast adrift. they drew lots to decide which of them should be sacrificed as food for the other three, just as in poe's novel. the loser was a sailor named richard parker, coincidentally the same name as poe's fictional character. parker '
52
[ "\"", "i", "was", "not", "his", "friend", ",", "nor", "was", "he", "mine", "\"", ",", "he", "wrote", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "claimed", "that", "\"", "among", "the", "last", "requests", "of", "mr", ".", "poe", "\"", "was", "that", "he", "become", "his", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "\"", "for", "the", "benefit", "of", "his", "family", "\"", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "claimed", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "aunt", "and", "mother", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", "maria", "cl", "##em", "##m", "said", "poe", "had", "made", "such", "a", "statement", "on", "june", "9", ",", "1849", ",", "and", "that", "she", "herself", "released", "any", "claim", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "works", ".", "and", "indeed", "a", "document", "exists", "in", "which", "cl", "##em", "##m", "transfers", "power", "of", "attorney", "to", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "dated", "october", "20", ",", "1849", ",", "although" ]
853,165
" i was not his friend, nor was he mine ", he wrote. griswold claimed that " among the last requests of mr. poe " was that he become his literary executor " for the benefit of his family ". griswold claimed that poe's aunt and mother @ - @ in @ - @ law maria clemm said poe had made such a statement on june 9, 1849, and that she herself released any claim to poe's works. and indeed a document exists in which clemm transfers power of attorney to griswold, dated october 20, 1849, although
52
[ "poe", "'", "s", "fiction", ",", "that", "all", "his", "works", "involve", "similar", "theories", ".", "=", "=", "critical", "reception", "=", "=", "response", "to", "eureka", "was", "overwhelmingly", "un", "##fa", "##vor", "##able", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "friend", "marie", "louise", "she", "##w", ",", "who", "had", "helped", "his", "wife", "virginia", "on", "her", "death", "@", "-", "@", "bed", ",", "broke", "off", "their", "friendship", "because", "it", "offended", "her", "religious", "beliefs", ".", "after", "the", "publication", "of", "eureka", ",", "a", "ve", "##hem", "##ent", "anonymous", "ce", "##ns", "##ure", "was", "published", "in", "the", "literary", "review", ".", "this", "was", "believed", "by", "poe", "to", "have", "been", "written", "by", "john", "henry", "hopkins", ",", "jr", ".", "(", "1820", "–", "1889", ")", ",", "a", "young", "theological", "student", ",", "who", "had", "previously", "criticized", "the", "work", "as", "pan", "##the", "##istic", "and", "\"", "a", "damn", "##able", "heresy", "\"" ]
763,337
poe's fiction, that all his works involve similar theories. = = critical reception = = response to eureka was overwhelmingly unfavorable. poe's friend marie louise shew, who had helped his wife virginia on her death @ - @ bed, broke off their friendship because it offended her religious beliefs. after the publication of eureka, a vehement anonymous censure was published in the literary review. this was believed by poe to have been written by john henry hopkins, jr. ( 1820 – 1889 ), a young theological student, who had previously criticized the work as pantheistic and " a damnable heresy "
52
[ "##good", ",", "including", "\"", "a", "valentine", "\"", ".", "on", "one", "visit", "to", "poe", "'", "s", "home", "in", "january", "1846", ",", "elle", "##t", "allegedly", "observed", "letters", "from", "os", "##good", ",", "shown", "to", "her", "by", "poe", "'", "s", "wife", "virginia", ",", "and", "subsequently", "advised", "os", "##good", "to", "ask", "for", "their", "return", ",", "implying", "to", "os", "##good", "that", "they", "were", "an", "ind", "##is", "##cre", "##tion", ".", "on", "behalf", "of", "os", "##good", ",", "margaret", "fuller", "and", "anne", "lynch", "bot", "##ta", "asked", "poe", "to", "return", "the", "letters", ".", "poe", ",", "angered", "by", "their", "interference", ",", "suggested", "that", "elle", "##t", "had", "better", "\"", "look", "after", "her", "own", "letters", "\"", ".", "one", "such", "letter", ",", "written", "in", "german", ",", "asked", "poe", "to", "\"", "call", "for", "it", "at", "her", "residence", "this", "evening", "\"", ",", "a", "phrase" ]
459,090
##good, including " a valentine ". on one visit to poe's home in january 1846, ellet allegedly observed letters from osgood, shown to her by poe's wife virginia, and subsequently advised osgood to ask for their return, implying to osgood that they were an indiscretion. on behalf of osgood, margaret fuller and anne lynch botta asked poe to return the letters. poe, angered by their interference, suggested that ellet had better " look after her own letters ". one such letter, written in german, asked poe to " call for it at her residence this evening ", a phrase
52
[ "including", "patrick", "f", ".", "quinn", "and", "john", "j", ".", "mca", "##lee", "##r", ",", "have", "noted", "parallels", "between", "herman", "melville", "'", "s", "mob", "##y", "@", "-", "@", "dick", "and", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", "and", "other", "poe", "works", ".", "quinn", "noted", "that", "there", "were", "enough", "similarities", "that", "melville", "must", "have", "studied", "poe", "'", "s", "novel", "and", ",", "if", "not", ",", "it", "would", "be", "\"", "one", "of", "the", "most", "extraordinary", "accidents", "in", "literature", "\"", ".", "mca", "##lee", "##r", "noted", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "short", "story", "\"", "the", "fall", "of", "the", "house", "of", "usher", "\"", "inspired", "\"", "ah", "##ab", "'", "s", "flawed", "character", "\"", "in", "mob", "##y", "@", "-", "@", "dick", ".", "scholar", "jack", "sc", "##her", "##ting", "also", "noted", "similarities", "between", "mob", "##y", "@", "-", "@" ]
606,661
including patrick f. quinn and john j. mcaleer, have noted parallels between herman melville's moby @ - @ dick and the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket and other poe works. quinn noted that there were enough similarities that melville must have studied poe's novel and, if not, it would be " one of the most extraordinary accidents in literature ". mcaleer noted that poe's short story " the fall of the house of usher " inspired " ahab's flawed character " in moby @ - @ dick. scholar jack scherting also noted similarities between moby @ - @
52
[ "as", "he", "offers", "at", "the", "beginning", ":", "\"", "i", "design", "to", "speak", "of", "the", "physical", ",", "metaphysical", "and", "mathematical", "–", "of", "the", "material", "and", "spiritual", "universe", ":", "of", "its", "essence", ",", "its", "origin", ",", "its", "creation", ",", "its", "present", "condition", "and", "its", "destiny", "\"", ".", "in", "keeping", "with", "this", "design", ",", "poe", "concludes", "\"", "that", "space", "and", "duration", "are", "one", "\"", "and", "that", "matter", "and", "spirit", "are", "made", "of", "the", "same", "essence", ".", "poe", "suggests", "that", "people", "have", "a", "natural", "tendency", "to", "believe", "in", "themselves", "as", "infinite", "with", "nothing", "greater", "than", "their", "soul", "β€”", "such", "thoughts", "stem", "from", "man", "'", "s", "residual", "feelings", "from", "when", "each", "shared", "an", "original", "identity", "with", "god", ".", "ultimately", "individual", "consciousness", "##es", "will", "collapse", "back", "into", "a", "similar", "single", "mass", ",", "a", "\"" ]
763,324
as he offers at the beginning : " i design to speak of the physical, metaphysical and mathematical – of the material and spiritual universe : of its essence, its origin, its creation, its present condition and its destiny ". in keeping with this design, poe concludes " that space and duration are one " and that matter and spirit are made of the same essence. poe suggests that people have a natural tendency to believe in themselves as infinite with nothing greater than their soul β€” such thoughts stem from man's residual feelings from when each shared an original identity with god. ultimately individual consciousnesses will collapse back into a similar single mass, a "
52
[ "-", "@", "year", "@", "-", "@", "old", "marie", "louise", "she", "##w", ".", "she", "##w", ",", "who", "served", "as", "a", "nurse", ",", "knew", "medical", "care", "from", "her", "father", "and", "her", "husband", ",", "both", "doctors", ".", "she", "provided", "virginia", "with", "a", "comfort", "##er", "as", "her", "only", "other", "cover", "was", "poe", "'", "s", "old", "military", "cloak", ",", "as", "well", "as", "bottles", "of", "wine", ",", "which", "the", "invalid", "drank", "\"", "smiling", ",", "even", "when", "difficult", "to", "get", "it", "down", "\"", ".", "virginia", "also", "showed", "poe", "a", "letter", "from", "louisa", "patterson", ",", "second", "wife", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "foster", "@", "-", "@", "father", "john", "allan", ",", "which", "she", "had", "kept", "for", "years", "and", "which", "suggested", "that", "patterson", "had", "purposely", "caused", "the", "break", "between", "allan", "and", "poe", ".", "on", "january", "29", ",", "1847", "," ]
116,705
- @ year @ - @ old marie louise shew. shew, who served as a nurse, knew medical care from her father and her husband, both doctors. she provided virginia with a comforter as her only other cover was poe's old military cloak, as well as bottles of wine, which the invalid drank " smiling, even when difficult to get it down ". virginia also showed poe a letter from louisa patterson, second wife of poe's foster @ - @ father john allan, which she had kept for years and which suggested that patterson had purposely caused the break between allan and poe. on january 29, 1847,
52
[ "@", "bug", "\"", "within", "the", "buried", "@", "-", "@", "treasure", "genre", "in", "his", "short", "story", "\"", "supply", "and", "demand", "\"", ".", "one", "character", "learns", "that", "the", "main", "characters", "are", "searching", "for", "treasure", ",", "and", "he", "asks", "them", "if", "they", "have", "been", "reading", "edgar", "allan", "poe", ".", "the", "title", "of", "richard", "powers", "'", "1991", "novel", "the", "gold", "bug", "variations", "is", "derived", "from", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "and", "from", "bach", "'", "s", "composition", "goldberg", "variations", ",", "and", "the", "novel", "incorporates", "part", "of", "the", "short", "story", "'", "s", "plot", ".", "jewish", "russian", "author", "david", "sh", "##ray", "##er", "@", "-", "@", "pet", "##rov", "published", "\"", "the", "house", "of", "edgar", "allan", "poe", "\"", "in", "2011", "prose", ",", "with", "\"", "the", "gold", "bug", "\"", "serving", "as", "a", "major", "influence", "." ]
481,969
@ bug " within the buried @ - @ treasure genre in his short story " supply and demand ". one character learns that the main characters are searching for treasure, and he asks them if they have been reading edgar allan poe. the title of richard powers'1991 novel the gold bug variations is derived from " the gold @ - @ bug " and from bach's composition goldberg variations, and the novel incorporates part of the short story's plot. jewish russian author david shrayer @ - @ petrov published " the house of edgar allan poe " in 2011 prose, with " the gold bug " serving as a major influence.
52
[ "a", "second", "funeral", "in", "baltimore", ".", "actors", "portrayed", "poe", "'", "s", "contemporaries", "and", "other", "long", "@", "-", "@", "dead", "writers", "and", "artists", ".", "each", "paid", "their", "respects", "and", "read", "eu", "##logies", "adapted", "from", "their", "writings", "about", "poe", ".", "the", "funeral", "included", "a", "replica", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "casket", "and", "wax", "cad", "##aver", ".", "=", "=", "burial", "and", "re", "##bu", "##rial", "=", "=", "poe", "is", "buried", "on", "the", "grounds", "of", "westminster", "hall", "and", "burying", "ground", ",", "now", "part", "of", "the", "university", "of", "maryland", "school", "of", "law", "in", "baltimore", ".", "even", "after", "his", "death", ",", "he", "created", "controversy", "and", "mystery", ".", "poe", "was", "originally", "buried", "without", "a", "heads", "##tone", "towards", "the", "rear", "corner", "of", "the", "churchyard", "near", "his", "grandfather", ",", "david", "poe", ",", "sr", ".", "a", "heads", "##tone", "of", "white" ]
141,091
a second funeral in baltimore. actors portrayed poe's contemporaries and other long @ - @ dead writers and artists. each paid their respects and read eulogies adapted from their writings about poe. the funeral included a replica of poe's casket and wax cadaver. = = burial and reburial = = poe is buried on the grounds of westminster hall and burying ground, now part of the university of maryland school of law in baltimore. even after his death, he created controversy and mystery. poe was originally buried without a headstone towards the rear corner of the churchyard near his grandfather, david poe, sr. a headstone of white
52
[ ".", "\"", "the", "response", "from", "harper", "&", "brothers", "inspired", "poe", "to", "begin", "a", "long", "work", "and", "began", "writing", "the", "narrative", "of", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", "of", "nan", "##tucket", ".", "poe", "arranged", "with", "his", "boss", "at", "the", "southern", "literary", "messenger", "to", "publish", "his", "novel", "in", "several", "serialized", "installment", "##s", "at", "a", "pay", "rate", "of", "$", "3", "per", "page", ".", "however", ",", "poe", "retired", "from", "his", "role", "at", "the", "messenger", "on", "january", "3", ",", "1837", ",", "as", "the", "installment", "##s", "were", "being", "published", ";", "some", "scholars", "suggest", "he", "was", "fired", "and", "this", "led", "him", "to", "abandoning", "the", "novel", ".", "his", "split", "with", "the", "messenger", "began", "a", "\"", "blank", "period", "\"", "where", "he", "did", "not", "publish", "much", "and", "suffered", "from", "unemployment", ",", "poverty", ",", "and", "no", "success", "in", "his", "literary", "pursuits" ]
606,651
. " the response from harper & brothers inspired poe to begin a long work and began writing the narrative of arthur gordon pym of nantucket. poe arranged with his boss at the southern literary messenger to publish his novel in several serialized installments at a pay rate of $ 3 per page. however, poe retired from his role at the messenger on january 3, 1837, as the installments were being published ; some scholars suggest he was fired and this led him to abandoning the novel. his split with the messenger began a " blank period " where he did not publish much and suffered from unemployment, poverty, and no success in his literary pursuits
52
[ "and", "documents", ",", "including", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "certificate", ",", "have", "been", "lost", ",", "if", "they", "ever", "existed", ".", "the", "precise", "cause", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "is", "disputed", ",", "but", "many", "theories", "exist", ".", "many", "biographer", "##s", "have", "addressed", "the", "issue", "and", "reached", "different", "conclusions", ",", "ranging", "from", "jeffrey", "meyer", "##s", "'", "assertion", "that", "it", "was", "h", "##yp", "##og", "##ly", "##ce", "##mia", "to", "john", "evangelist", "walsh", "'", "s", "con", "##sp", "##ira", "##tori", "##al", "murder", "plot", "theory", ".", "it", "has", "also", "been", "suggested", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "might", "have", "resulted", "from", "suicide", "related", "to", "depression", ".", "in", "1848", ",", "he", "nearly", "died", "from", "an", "overdose", "of", "lau", "##dan", "##um", ",", "readily", "available", "as", "a", "tran", "##quil", "##izer", "and", "pain", "killer", ".", "though", "it", "is", "unclear", "if", "this" ]
141,082
and documents, including poe's death certificate, have been lost, if they ever existed. the precise cause of poe's death is disputed, but many theories exist. many biographers have addressed the issue and reached different conclusions, ranging from jeffrey meyers'assertion that it was hypoglycemia to john evangelist walsh's conspiratorial murder plot theory. it has also been suggested that poe's death might have resulted from suicide related to depression. in 1848, he nearly died from an overdose of laudanum, readily available as a tranquilizer and pain killer. though it is unclear if this
52
[ "\"", "unnatural", "##ly", "clear", ".", "\"", "the", "sun", "by", "the", "end", "shine", "##s", "\"", "with", "a", "sick", "##ly", "yellow", "lust", "##re", "emi", "##tting", "no", "decisive", "light", "\"", "before", "seemingly", "being", "extinguished", ".", "=", "=", "=", "autobiographical", "elements", "=", "=", "=", "elements", "of", "the", "novel", "are", "often", "read", "as", "autobiographical", ".", "the", "novel", "begins", "with", "arthur", "gordon", "p", "##ym", ",", "a", "name", "similar", "to", "edgar", "allan", "poe", ",", "departing", "from", "edgar", "##town", ",", "massachusetts", "on", "martha", "'", "s", "vineyard", ".", "interpreted", "this", "way", ",", "the", "protagonist", "is", "actually", "sailing", "away", "from", "himself", ",", "or", "his", "ego", ".", "the", "middle", "name", "of", "\"", "gordon", "\"", ",", "in", "replacing", "poe", "'", "s", "connection", "to", "the", "allan", "family", ",", "was", "turned", "into", "a", "reference", "to", "george", "gordon", "byron", ",", "a", "poet", "whom" ]
606,642
" unnaturally clear. " the sun by the end shines " with a sickly yellow lustre emitting no decisive light " before seemingly being extinguished. = = = autobiographical elements = = = elements of the novel are often read as autobiographical. the novel begins with arthur gordon pym, a name similar to edgar allan poe, departing from edgartown, massachusetts on martha's vineyard. interpreted this way, the protagonist is actually sailing away from himself, or his ego. the middle name of " gordon ", in replacing poe's connection to the allan family, was turned into a reference to george gordon byron, a poet whom
52
[ ",", "virginia", "had", "developed", "consumption", ",", "first", "seen", "sometime", "in", "the", "middle", "of", "january", "1842", ".", "while", "singing", "and", "playing", "the", "piano", ",", "virginia", "began", "to", "bleed", "from", "the", "mouth", ",", "though", "poe", "said", "she", "merely", "\"", "ru", "##pt", "##ured", "a", "blood", "@", "-", "@", "vessel", "\"", ".", "her", "health", "declined", "and", "she", "became", "an", "invalid", ",", "which", "drove", "poe", "into", "a", "deep", "depression", ",", "especially", "as", "she", "occasionally", "showed", "signs", "of", "improvement", ".", "in", "a", "letter", "to", "a", "friend", ",", "poe", "described", "his", "resulting", "mental", "state", ":", "\"", "each", "time", "i", "felt", "all", "the", "ago", "##nies", "of", "her", "death", "β€”", "and", "at", "each", "accession", "of", "the", "disorder", "i", "loved", "her", "more", "dear", "##ly", "&", "clung", "to", "her", "life", "with", "more", "desperate", "per", "##tina", "##city", ".", "but", "i" ]
116,695
, virginia had developed consumption, first seen sometime in the middle of january 1842. while singing and playing the piano, virginia began to bleed from the mouth, though poe said she merely " ruptured a blood @ - @ vessel ". her health declined and she became an invalid, which drove poe into a deep depression, especially as she occasionally showed signs of improvement. in a letter to a friend, poe described his resulting mental state : " each time i felt all the agonies of her death β€” and at each accession of the disorder i loved her more dearly & clung to her life with more desperate pertinacity. but i
52
[ ".", "mal", "##zel", "continued", "with", "exhibitions", "around", "the", "united", "states", "until", "1828", ",", "when", "he", "took", "some", "time", "off", "and", "visited", "europe", ",", "returning", "in", "1829", ".", "throughout", "the", "1830s", ",", "he", "continued", "to", "tour", "the", "united", "states", ",", "exhibiting", "the", "machine", "as", "far", "west", "as", "the", "mississippi", "river", "and", "visiting", "canada", ".", "in", "richmond", ",", "virginia", ",", "the", "turk", "was", "observed", "by", "edgar", "allan", "poe", ",", "who", "was", "writing", "for", "the", "southern", "literary", "messenger", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "essay", "\"", "mae", "##lz", "##el", "'", "s", "chess", "player", "\"", "was", "published", "in", "april", "1836", "and", "is", "the", "most", "famous", "essay", "on", "the", "turk", ",", "even", "though", "many", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "h", "##yp", "##oth", "##eses", "were", "incorrect", "(", "such", "as", "that", "a", "chess", "@", "-", "@", "playing", "machine" ]
329,024
. malzel continued with exhibitions around the united states until 1828, when he took some time off and visited europe, returning in 1829. throughout the 1830s, he continued to tour the united states, exhibiting the machine as far west as the mississippi river and visiting canada. in richmond, virginia, the turk was observed by edgar allan poe, who was writing for the southern literary messenger. poe's essay " maelzel's chess player " was published in april 1836 and is the most famous essay on the turk, even though many of poe's hypotheses were incorrect ( such as that a chess @ - @ playing machine
52
[ "'", "s", "declining", "mental", "health", "at", "the", "end", "of", "his", "life", ".", "astro", "##phy", "##sic", "##ist", "arthur", "stanley", "ed", "##dington", "disputed", "this", "notion", ",", "declaring", "that", "\"", "eureka", "is", "not", "a", "work", "of", "dot", "##age", "or", "disorder", "##ed", "mind", "\"", ".", "in", "the", "text", ",", "poe", "wrote", "that", "he", "was", "aware", "he", "might", "be", "considered", "a", "madman", ".", "the", "lecture", "on", "which", "the", "essay", "was", "based", "was", "delivered", "only", "a", "few", "days", "after", "the", "anniversary", "of", "the", "death", "of", "his", "wife", "virginia", ",", "suggesting", "a", "connection", "between", "the", "event", "and", "his", "new", "theories", ".", "poe", "seems", "to", "dismiss", "death", "in", "eureka", ",", "thereby", "ignoring", "his", "own", "anxiety", "over", "the", "problem", "of", "death", ".", "some", "modern", "critics", "believe", "eureka", "is", "the", "key", "to", "dec", "##ip", "##hering", "meaning", "in", "all" ]
763,336
' s declining mental health at the end of his life. astrophysicist arthur stanley eddington disputed this notion, declaring that " eureka is not a work of dotage or disordered mind ". in the text, poe wrote that he was aware he might be considered a madman. the lecture on which the essay was based was delivered only a few days after the anniversary of the death of his wife virginia, suggesting a connection between the event and his new theories. poe seems to dismiss death in eureka, thereby ignoring his own anxiety over the problem of death. some modern critics believe eureka is the key to deciphering meaning in all
52
[ "day", "before", "yesterday", ".", "this", "announcement", "will", "start", "##le", "many", ",", "but", "few", "will", "be", "gr", "##ie", "##ved", "by", "it", ".", "\"", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", "was", "soon", "identified", "as", "rufus", "wil", "##mot", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "an", "editor", ",", "critic", ",", "and", "ant", "##hol", "##ogist", "who", "had", "borne", "a", "gr", "##udge", "against", "poe", "since", "1842", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "somehow", "became", "poe", "'", "s", "literary", "ex", "##ec", "##uto", "##r", "and", "attempted", "to", "destroy", "his", "enemy", "'", "s", "reputation", "after", "his", "death", ".", "rufus", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "wrote", "a", "biographical", "article", "of", "poe", "called", "\"", "memoir", "of", "the", "author", "\"", ",", "which", "he", "included", "in", "an", "1850", "volume", "of", "the", "collected", "works", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "depicted", "poe", "as", "a", "de", "##pr", "##ave", "##d", "," ]
623,109
day before yesterday. this announcement will startle many, but few will be grieved by it. " " ludwig " was soon identified as rufus wilmot griswold, an editor, critic, and anthologist who had borne a grudge against poe since 1842. griswold somehow became poe's literary executor and attempted to destroy his enemy's reputation after his death. rufus griswold wrote a biographical article of poe called " memoir of the author ", which he included in an 1850 volume of the collected works. griswold depicted poe as a depraved,
52
[ "in", "any", "case", ",", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "along", "with", "james", "russell", "lowell", "and", "nathaniel", "parker", "willis", ",", "edited", "a", "posthumous", "collection", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "works", "published", "in", "three", "volumes", "starting", "in", "january", "1850", ".", "he", "did", "not", "share", "the", "profits", "of", "his", "edition", "with", "poe", "'", "s", "surviving", "relatives", ".", "this", "edition", "included", "a", "biographical", "sketch", "titled", "\"", "memoir", "of", "the", "author", "\"", "which", "has", "become", "notorious", "for", "its", "ina", "##cc", "##ura", "##cy", ".", "the", "\"", "memoir", "\"", "depicts", "poe", "as", "a", "madman", ",", "addicted", "to", "drugs", "and", "chronic", "##ally", "drunk", ".", "many", "elements", "were", "fabricated", "by", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "using", "forged", "letters", "as", "evidence", "and", "it", "was", "denounced", "by", "those", "who", "knew", "poe", ",", "including", "sarah", "helen", "whitman", ",", "charles", "frederick", "briggs", "," ]
853,167
in any case, griswold, along with james russell lowell and nathaniel parker willis, edited a posthumous collection of poe's works published in three volumes starting in january 1850. he did not share the profits of his edition with poe's surviving relatives. this edition included a biographical sketch titled " memoir of the author " which has become notorious for its inaccuracy. the " memoir " depicts poe as a madman, addicted to drugs and chronically drunk. many elements were fabricated by griswold using forged letters as evidence and it was denounced by those who knew poe, including sarah helen whitman, charles frederick briggs,
52
[ "drunken", ",", "drug", "@", "-", "@", "add", "##led", "madman", "and", "included", "poe", "'", "s", "letters", "as", "evidence", ".", "many", "of", "his", "claims", "were", "either", "lies", "or", "distorted", "half", "@", "-", "@", "truths", ".", "for", "example", ",", "it", "is", "now", "known", "that", "poe", "was", "not", "a", "drug", "addict", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "book", "was", "denounced", "by", "those", "who", "knew", "poe", "well", ",", "but", "it", "became", "a", "popularly", "accepted", "one", ".", "this", "occurred", "in", "part", "because", "it", "was", "the", "only", "full", "biography", "available", "and", "was", "widely", "reprinted", ",", "and", "in", "part", "because", "readers", "thrilled", "at", "the", "thought", "of", "reading", "works", "by", "an", "\"", "evil", "\"", "man", ".", "letters", "that", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "presented", "as", "proof", "of", "this", "depiction", "of", "poe", "were", "later", "revealed", "as", "forge", "##ries" ]
623,110
drunken, drug @ - @ addled madman and included poe's letters as evidence. many of his claims were either lies or distorted half @ - @ truths. for example, it is now known that poe was not a drug addict. griswold's book was denounced by those who knew poe well, but it became a popularly accepted one. this occurred in part because it was the only full biography available and was widely reprinted, and in part because readers thrilled at the thought of reading works by an " evil " man. letters that griswold presented as proof of this depiction of poe were later revealed as forgeries
52
[ "long", "enough", "to", "explain", "how", "he", "came", "to", "be", "in", "his", "dire", "condition", "and", ",", "oddly", ",", "was", "wearing", "clothes", "that", "were", "not", "his", "own", ".", "he", "is", "said", "to", "have", "repeatedly", "called", "out", "the", "name", "\"", "reynolds", "\"", "on", "the", "night", "before", "his", "death", ",", "though", "it", "is", "unclear", "to", "whom", "he", "was", "referring", ".", "some", "sources", "say", "that", "poe", "'", "s", "final", "words", "were", "\"", "lord", "help", "my", "poor", "soul", "\"", ".", "all", "medical", "records", "have", "been", "lost", ",", "including", "his", "death", "certificate", ".", "newspapers", "at", "the", "time", "reported", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "as", "\"", "congestion", "of", "the", "brain", "\"", "or", "\"", "cerebral", "inflammation", "\"", ",", "common", "eu", "##ph", "##emi", "##sms", "for", "deaths", "from", "di", "##sr", "##ep", "##utable", "causes", "such", "as", "alcoholism", ".", "the", "actual", "cause" ]
623,107
long enough to explain how he came to be in his dire condition and, oddly, was wearing clothes that were not his own. he is said to have repeatedly called out the name " reynolds " on the night before his death, though it is unclear to whom he was referring. some sources say that poe's final words were " lord help my poor soul ". all medical records have been lost, including his death certificate. newspapers at the time reported poe's death as " congestion of the brain " or " cerebral inflammation ", common euphemisms for deaths from disreputable causes such as alcoholism. the actual cause
52
[ "elements", "introduced", "in", "\"", "metz", "##eng", "##ers", "##tein", "\"", "would", "become", "common", "in", "poe", "'", "s", "future", "writing", ",", "including", "the", "gloom", "##y", "castle", "and", "the", "power", "of", "evil", ".", "because", "the", "story", "follows", "an", "orphan", "raised", "in", "an", "aristocratic", "household", ",", "some", "critics", "suggest", "an", "autobiographical", "connection", "with", "its", "author", ".", "the", "story", "was", "submitted", "as", "poe", "'", "s", "entry", "to", "a", "writing", "contest", "at", "the", "saturday", "courier", ".", "though", "it", "did", "not", "win", ",", "the", "newspaper", "published", "it", "in", "january", "1832", ".", "it", "was", "re", "@", "-", "@", "published", "with", "poe", "'", "s", "permission", "only", "twice", "during", "his", "lifetime", ";", "its", "sub", "##ti", "##tle", "was", "dropped", "for", "its", "final", "publication", ".", "poe", "intended", "to", "include", "it", "in", "his", "collection", "tales", "of", "the", "f", "##olio", "club", "or" ]
788,790
elements introduced in " metzengerstein " would become common in poe's future writing, including the gloomy castle and the power of evil. because the story follows an orphan raised in an aristocratic household, some critics suggest an autobiographical connection with its author. the story was submitted as poe's entry to a writing contest at the saturday courier. though it did not win, the newspaper published it in january 1832. it was re @ - @ published with poe's permission only twice during his lifetime ; its subtitle was dropped for its final publication. poe intended to include it in his collection tales of the folio club or
52
[ "obituary", "signed", "with", "the", "pseudonym", "\"", "ludwig", "\"", ".", "first", "printed", "in", "the", "october", "9", ",", "1849", ",", "issue", "of", "the", "new", "york", "tribune", ",", "it", "was", "soon", "republished", "many", "times", ".", "here", "he", "asserted", "that", "\"", "few", "will", "be", "gr", "##ie", "##ved", "\"", "by", "poe", "'", "s", "death", "as", "he", "had", "few", "friends", ".", "he", "claimed", "that", "poe", "often", "wandered", "the", "streets", ",", "either", "in", "\"", "madness", "or", "melancholy", "\"", ",", "mum", "##bling", "and", "cursing", "to", "himself", ",", "was", "easily", "irritated", ",", "was", "en", "##vious", "of", "others", ",", "and", "that", "he", "\"", "regarded", "society", "as", "composed", "of", "villains", "\"", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "drive", "to", "succeed", ",", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "wrote", ",", "was", "because", "he", "sought", "\"", "the", "right", "to", "des", "##pis", "##e", "a", "world", "which" ]
853,163
obituary signed with the pseudonym " ludwig ". first printed in the october 9, 1849, issue of the new york tribune, it was soon republished many times. here he asserted that " few will be grieved " by poe's death as he had few friends. he claimed that poe often wandered the streets, either in " madness or melancholy ", mumbling and cursing to himself, was easily irritated, was envious of others, and that he " regarded society as composed of villains ". poe's drive to succeed, griswold wrote, was because he sought " the right to despise a world which
52
[ "have", "been", "fabricated", "by", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", ",", "and", "it", "was", "denounced", "by", "those", "who", "had", "known", "poe", ",", "including", "sarah", "helen", "whitman", ",", "charles", "frederick", "briggs", ",", "and", "george", "rex", "graham", ".", "this", "account", "became", "popularly", "accepted", ",", "in", "part", "because", "it", "was", "the", "only", "full", "biography", "available", "and", "was", "widely", "reprinted", ".", "it", "also", "remained", "popular", "because", "many", "readers", "assumed", "that", "poe", "was", "similar", "to", "his", "fictional", "characters", "or", "were", "thrilled", "at", "the", "thought", "of", "reading", "the", "works", "of", "an", "\"", "evil", "\"", "man", ".", "a", "more", "accurate", "biography", "of", "poe", "did", "not", "appear", "until", "john", "henry", "ingram", "'", "s", "of", "1875", ".", "even", "so", ",", "historians", "continued", "to", "use", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "'", "s", "depiction", "as", "a", "model", "for", "their", "own", "biographies", "of" ]
141,100
have been fabricated by griswold, and it was denounced by those who had known poe, including sarah helen whitman, charles frederick briggs, and george rex graham. this account became popularly accepted, in part because it was the only full biography available and was widely reprinted. it also remained popular because many readers assumed that poe was similar to his fictional characters or were thrilled at the thought of reading the works of an " evil " man. a more accurate biography of poe did not appear until john henry ingram's of 1875. even so, historians continued to use griswold's depiction as a model for their own biographies of
52
[ ".", "harriet", "jacobs", "was", "re", "@", "-", "@", "hired", "by", "willis", "to", "work", "for", "the", "family", ".", "during", "these", "last", "years", "at", "idle", "##wil", "##d", ",", "willis", "continued", "contributing", "a", "weekly", "letter", "to", "the", "home", "journal", ".", "in", "1850", "he", "assisted", "rufus", "wil", "##mot", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "in", "preparing", "an", "anthology", "of", "the", "works", "of", "poe", ",", "who", "had", "died", "mysteriously", "the", "year", "before", ".", "gr", "##is", "##wo", "##ld", "also", "wrote", "the", "first", "biography", "of", "poe", "in", "which", "he", "purposely", "set", "out", "to", "ruin", "the", "dead", "author", "'", "s", "reputation", ".", "willis", "was", "one", "of", "the", "most", "vocal", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "defenders", ",", "writing", "at", "one", "point", ":", "\"", "the", "indictment", "(", "for", "it", "deserves", "no", "other", "name", ")", "is", "not", "true", ".", "it", "is", "full" ]
362,532
. harriet jacobs was re @ - @ hired by willis to work for the family. during these last years at idlewild, willis continued contributing a weekly letter to the home journal. in 1850 he assisted rufus wilmot griswold in preparing an anthology of the works of poe, who had died mysteriously the year before. griswold also wrote the first biography of poe in which he purposely set out to ruin the dead author's reputation. willis was one of the most vocal of poe's defenders, writing at one point : " the indictment ( for it deserves no other name ) is not true. it is full
52
[ "##ow", ",", "whom", "poe", "called", "over", "##rated", "and", "guilty", "of", "pl", "##agi", "##aris", "##m", ".", "willis", "also", "introduced", "poe", "to", "fanny", "os", "##good", ";", "the", "two", "would", "later", "carry", "out", "a", "very", "public", "literary", "flirt", "##ation", ".", "willis", "'", "s", "wife", "mary", "st", "##ace", "died", "in", "childbirth", "on", "march", "25", ",", "1845", ".", "their", "daughter", ",", "blanche", ",", "died", "as", "well", "and", "willis", "wrote", "in", "his", "notebook", "that", "she", "was", "\"", "an", "angel", "without", "fault", "or", "f", "##oi", "##ble", "\"", ".", "he", "brought", "his", "surviving", "daughter", "im", "##ogen", "to", "england", "to", "be", "with", "her", "mother", "'", "s", "family", "and", "left", "her", "behind", "when", "he", "returned", "to", "the", "united", "states", ".", "in", "october", "1846", ",", "he", "married", "corn", "##elia", "grin", "##nell", ",", "a", "wealthy", "quaker", "from", "new", "bedford", "and" ]
362,527
##ow, whom poe called overrated and guilty of plagiarism. willis also introduced poe to fanny osgood ; the two would later carry out a very public literary flirtation. willis's wife mary stace died in childbirth on march 25, 1845. their daughter, blanche, died as well and willis wrote in his notebook that she was " an angel without fault or foible ". he brought his surviving daughter imogen to england to be with her mother's family and left her behind when he returned to the united states. in october 1846, he married cornelia grinnell, a wealthy quaker from new bedford and
52
[ "wedding", ",", "poe", "was", "involved", "in", "a", "substantial", "scandal", "involving", "frances", "sargent", "os", "##good", "and", "elizabeth", "f", ".", "elle", "##t", ".", "rumors", "about", "amor", "##ous", "imp", "##rop", "##rie", "##ties", "on", "her", "husband", "'", "s", "part", "affected", "virginia", "poe", "so", "much", "that", "on", "her", "death", "##bed", "she", "claimed", "that", "elle", "##t", "had", "murdered", "her", ".", "after", "her", "death", ",", "her", "body", "was", "eventually", "placed", "under", "the", "same", "memorial", "marker", "as", "her", "husband", "'", "s", "in", "westminster", "hall", "and", "burying", "ground", "in", "baltimore", ",", "maryland", ".", "only", "one", "image", "of", "virginia", "eliza", "cl", "##em", "##m", "poe", "has", "been", "authentic", "##ated", ":", "a", "water", "##color", "portrait", "painted", "several", "hours", "after", "her", "death", ".", "the", "disease", "and", "eventual", "death", "of", "his", "wife", "had", "a", "substantial", "effect", "on", "edgar", "allan", "poe", ",", "who" ]
116,677
wedding, poe was involved in a substantial scandal involving frances sargent osgood and elizabeth f. ellet. rumors about amorous improprieties on her husband's part affected virginia poe so much that on her deathbed she claimed that ellet had murdered her. after her death, her body was eventually placed under the same memorial marker as her husband's in westminster hall and burying ground in baltimore, maryland. only one image of virginia eliza clemm poe has been authenticated : a watercolor portrait painted several hours after her death. the disease and eventual death of his wife had a substantial effect on edgar allan poe, who
52
[ "bacon", "##ian", "method", ".", "eu", "##cl", "##id", "-", "referred", "to", "as", "\"", "tu", "##cl", "##id", "\"", ",", "a", "student", "of", "ari", "##es", "to", "##ttle", ".", "im", "##man", "##uel", "kant", "-", "poe", "describes", "kant", "as", "the", "\"", "dutch", "##man", "\"", "who", "originated", "trans", "##cend", "##ental", "##ism", ".", "the", "comical", "presentation", "of", "these", "well", "@", "-", "@", "known", "historical", "theorists", ",", "including", "the", "pun", "##s", "on", "their", "names", ",", "suggests", "poe", "intended", "eureka", "to", "be", "a", "bu", "##rle", "##sque", ".", "alternatively", ",", "his", "criticism", "of", "these", "men", "indicate", "poe", "'", "s", "need", "to", "challenge", "their", "conclusions", "before", "making", "his", "own", ".", "=", "=", "influence", "and", "significance", "=", "=", "eureka", "has", "been", "read", "in", "many", "ways", ",", "in", "part", "because", "poe", "'", "s", "sincerity", "in", "the", "work", "is", "questionable", ".", "it" ]
763,332
baconian method. euclid - referred to as " tuclid ", a student of aries tottle. immanuel kant - poe describes kant as the " dutchman " who originated transcendentalism. the comical presentation of these well @ - @ known historical theorists, including the puns on their names, suggests poe intended eureka to be a burlesque. alternatively, his criticism of these men indicate poe's need to challenge their conclusions before making his own. = = influence and significance = = eureka has been read in many ways, in part because poe's sincerity in the work is questionable. it
52
[ "of", "it", ".", "the", "lecture", "upon", "which", "eureka", "was", "based", "also", "received", "negative", "reviews", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "friend", "ever", "##t", "a", ".", "du", "##yck", "##in", "##ck", "wrote", "to", "his", "brother", "that", "the", "lecture", "bored", "him", "to", "death", "and", "that", "it", "was", "\"", "full", "of", "a", "lu", "##dic", "##rous", "dry", "##ness", "of", "scientific", "phrase", "β€”", "a", "mountainous", "piece", "of", "absurd", "##ity", ".", "\"", "a", "local", "newspaper", "called", "it", "\"", "hyper", "##bolic", "nonsense", "\"", ".", "though", "one", "publication", ",", "the", "courier", "and", "en", "##qui", "##rer", ",", "called", "it", "\"", "a", "noble", "##r", "effort", "than", "any", "other", "mr", ".", "poe", "has", "yet", "given", "the", "world", "\"", ".", "audience", "members", "said", "it", "was", "not", "per", "##su", "##asi", "##ve", "or", "simply", "too", "long", ".", "even", "so", ",", "poe", "considered", "eureka", "to", "be" ]
763,339
of it. the lecture upon which eureka was based also received negative reviews. poe's friend evert a. duyckinck wrote to his brother that the lecture bored him to death and that it was " full of a ludicrous dryness of scientific phrase β€” a mountainous piece of absurdity. " a local newspaper called it " hyperbolic nonsense ". though one publication, the courier and enquirer, called it " a nobler effort than any other mr. poe has yet given the world ". audience members said it was not persuasive or simply too long. even so, poe considered eureka to be
52
[ "the", "arched", "heavens", "encompass", "me", ",", "and", "god", "has", "his", "decree", "leg", "##ibly", "written", "upon", "the", "front", "##lets", "of", "every", "created", "human", "being", ",", "and", "demons", "inca", "##rna", "##te", ",", "their", "goal", "will", "be", "the", "see", "##thing", "waves", "of", "blank", "despair", ".", "\"", "the", "editor", "of", "the", "new", "york", "herald", ",", "which", "published", "this", "version", "of", "moran", "'", "s", "story", ",", "admitted", ",", "\"", "we", "cannot", "imagine", "poe", ",", "even", "if", "del", "##iri", "##ous", ",", "constructing", "[", "such", "sentences", "]", ".", "\"", "poe", "biographer", "william", "bit", "##tner", "attributes", "moran", "'", "s", "claim", "to", "a", "convention", "of", "assign", "##ing", "pious", "last", "words", "to", "console", "mo", "##urne", "##rs", ".", "moran", "'", "s", "accounts", "even", "altered", "dates", ".", "at", "different", "points", ",", "he", "claimed", "poe", "was", "brought", "to", "the", "hospital", "on" ]
141,080
the arched heavens encompass me, and god has his decree legibly written upon the frontlets of every created human being, and demons incarnate, their goal will be the seething waves of blank despair. " the editor of the new york herald, which published this version of moran's story, admitted, " we cannot imagine poe, even if delirious, constructing [ such sentences ]. " poe biographer william bittner attributes moran's claim to a convention of assigning pious last words to console mourners. moran's accounts even altered dates. at different points, he claimed poe was brought to the hospital on
52
[ ",", "\"", "is", "it", "possible", ",", "that", "the", "literary", "people", "of", "the", "union", ",", "will", "let", "poor", "poe", "per", "##ish", "by", "starvation", "and", "lean", "faced", "beg", "##gar", "##y", "in", "new", "york", "?", "for", "so", "we", "are", "led", "to", "believe", ",", "from", "frequent", "notices", "in", "the", "papers", ",", "stating", "that", "poe", "and", "his", "wife", "are", "both", "down", "upon", "a", "bed", "of", "misery", ",", "death", ",", "and", "disease", ",", "with", "not", "a", "duc", "##at", "in", "the", "world", ".", "\"", "the", "saturday", "evening", "post", "asserted", "that", "virginia", "was", "in", "a", "hopeless", "condition", "and", "that", "poe", "was", "be", "##re", "##ft", ":", "\"", "it", "is", "said", "that", "edgar", "a", ".", "poe", "is", "lying", "dangerously", "with", "brain", "fever", ",", "and", "that", "his", "wife", "is", "in", "the", "last", "stages", "of", "consumption", "β€”", "they", "are", "without" ]
116,701
, " is it possible, that the literary people of the union, will let poor poe perish by starvation and lean faced beggary in new york? for so we are led to believe, from frequent notices in the papers, stating that poe and his wife are both down upon a bed of misery, death, and disease, with not a ducat in the world. " the saturday evening post asserted that virginia was in a hopeless condition and that poe was bereft : " it is said that edgar a. poe is lying dangerously with brain fever, and that his wife is in the last stages of consumption β€” they are without
52
[ "probably", "unknown", "to", "the", "re", "##bu", "##rial", "crew", ",", "the", "heads", "##tones", "on", "all", "the", "graves", ",", "previously", "facing", "to", "the", "east", ",", "had", "been", "turned", "to", "face", "the", "west", "gate", "in", "1864", ".", "the", "crew", "digging", "up", "poe", "'", "s", "remains", "had", "difficulty", "finding", "the", "right", "body", ":", "they", "first", "ex", "##hum", "##ed", "a", "19", "@", "-", "@", "year", "@", "-", "@", "old", "maryland", "militia", "##man", ",", "philip", "moshe", "##r", ",", "jr", ".", "when", "they", "correctly", "located", "poe", ",", "they", "opened", "his", "coffin", "and", "one", "witness", "noted", ":", "\"", "the", "skull", "was", "in", "excellent", "condition", "β€”", "the", "shape", "of", "the", "forehead", ",", "one", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "striking", "features", ",", "was", "easily", "disc", "##ern", "##ed", ".", "\"", "a", "few", "years", "later", ",", "the", "remains", "of", "poe", "'" ]
141,095
probably unknown to the reburial crew, the headstones on all the graves, previously facing to the east, had been turned to face the west gate in 1864. the crew digging up poe's remains had difficulty finding the right body : they first exhumed a 19 @ - @ year @ - @ old maryland militiaman, philip mosher, jr. when they correctly located poe, they opened his coffin and one witness noted : " the skull was in excellent condition β€” the shape of the forehead, one of poe's striking features, was easily discerned. " a few years later, the remains of poe '
52
[ ".", "poe", "soon", "realized", "writing", "a", "book", "@", "-", "@", "length", "narrative", "was", "a", "necessary", "career", "decision", ",", "partly", "because", "he", "had", "no", "steady", "job", "and", "the", "economy", "was", "suffering", "from", "the", "panic", "of", "1837", ".", "he", "also", "set", "part", "of", "the", "story", "as", "a", "quest", "to", "antarctica", "to", "capital", "##ize", "the", "public", "'", "s", "sudden", "interest", "in", "that", "topic", ".", "after", "his", "marriage", "to", "virginia", "cl", "##em", "##m", ",", "poe", "spent", "the", "following", "winter", "and", "spring", "completing", "his", "manuscript", "for", "this", "novel", "in", "new", "york", ".", "he", "earned", "a", "small", "amount", "of", "money", "by", "taking", "in", "a", "board", "##er", "named", "william", "go", "##wan", "##s", ".", "during", "his", "fifteen", "months", "in", "new", "york", ",", "amidst", "the", "harsh", "economic", "climate", ",", "poe", "published", "only", "two", "tales", ",", "\"", "von" ]
606,652
. poe soon realized writing a book @ - @ length narrative was a necessary career decision, partly because he had no steady job and the economy was suffering from the panic of 1837. he also set part of the story as a quest to antarctica to capitalize the public's sudden interest in that topic. after his marriage to virginia clemm, poe spent the following winter and spring completing his manuscript for this novel in new york. he earned a small amount of money by taking in a boarder named william gowans. during his fifteen months in new york, amidst the harsh economic climate, poe published only two tales, " von
52
[ "journal", ".", "letters", "poured", "in", "upon", "the", "editor", "from", "all", "parts", "of", "the", "country", ".", "\"", "in", "july", "1841", ",", "poe", "published", "\"", "a", "few", "words", "on", "secret", "writing", "\"", "and", ",", "realizing", "the", "interest", "in", "the", "topic", ",", "wrote", "\"", "the", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "as", "one", "of", "the", "few", "pieces", "of", "literature", "to", "incorporate", "cipher", "##s", "as", "part", "of", "the", "story", ".", "poe", "'", "s", "character", "leg", "##rand", "'", "s", "explanation", "of", "his", "ability", "to", "solve", "the", "cipher", "is", "very", "like", "poe", "'", "s", "explanation", "in", "\"", "a", "few", "words", "on", "secret", "writing", "\"", ".", "the", "actual", "\"", "gold", "@", "-", "@", "bug", "\"", "in", "the", "story", "is", "not", "a", "real", "insect", ".", "instead", ",", "poe", "combined", "characteristics", "of", "two", "insects", "found", "in", "the" ]
481,956
journal. letters poured in upon the editor from all parts of the country. " in july 1841, poe published " a few words on secret writing " and, realizing the interest in the topic, wrote " the gold @ - @ bug " as one of the few pieces of literature to incorporate ciphers as part of the story. poe's character legrand's explanation of his ability to solve the cipher is very like poe's explanation in " a few words on secret writing ". the actual " gold @ - @ bug " in the story is not a real insect. instead, poe combined characteristics of two insects found in the
52
[ "a", ".", "m", ".", "on", "sunday", ",", "october", "7", ".", "poe", "was", "never", "coherent", "enough", "to", "explain", "how", "he", "came", "to", "be", "in", "this", "condition", ".", "much", "of", "the", "extant", "information", "about", "the", "last", "few", "days", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "life", "comes", "from", "his", "attending", "physician", ",", "dr", ".", "john", "joseph", "moran", ",", "though", "his", "credibility", "is", "questionable", ".", "poe", "was", "buried", "after", "a", "small", "funeral", "at", "the", "back", "of", "westminster", "hall", "and", "burying", "ground", ",", "but", "his", "remains", "were", "moved", "to", "a", "new", "grave", "with", "a", "larger", "monument", "in", "1875", ".", "the", "newer", "monument", "also", "marks", "the", "burial", "place", "of", "poe", "'", "s", "wife", ",", "virginia", ",", "and", "his", "mother", "@", "-", "@", "in", "@", "-", "@", "law", ",", "maria", ".", "theories", "as", "to", "what", "caused", "poe" ]
141,071
a. m. on sunday, october 7. poe was never coherent enough to explain how he came to be in this condition. much of the extant information about the last few days of poe's life comes from his attending physician, dr. john joseph moran, though his credibility is questionable. poe was buried after a small funeral at the back of westminster hall and burying ground, but his remains were moved to a new grave with a larger monument in 1875. the newer monument also marks the burial place of poe's wife, virginia, and his mother @ - @ in @ - @ law, maria. theories as to what caused poe
52