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2700 | 7152442 | [
{
"id": "2701",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a bacterial CS dgvk capable of using DMF dmf as sole source of carbon and nitrogen was isolated from the soil samples collected from the coalmine leftovers the molecular phylogram generated using the complete CS of s rdna of the CS dgvk showed close links to the bacteria grouped under brucellaceae family that belongs to alphaproteobacteria class specifically the s rdna sequence of strain dgvk has shown similarity to ochrobactrum anthropi lmg d this bacterium has also shown impressive growth on dimethylamine methylamine formaldehyde and formate that are considered to be the prominent catabolic intermediates of dmf dmf Kd has led to the accumulation of ammonia and DMA contributing to the increase of ph of the medium the dmfgrown resting cells of ochrobactrum sp dgvk have also contributed for the PR of ammonia when resting cell suspension was added to phosphate buffer containing dmf similar experiments done with the glucosegrown cultures have not produced ammonia and thus indicating the inducible nature of dmfdegrading enzymes in ochrobactrum sp dgvk further dimethylformamidase dimethylamine dehydrogenase and methylamine dehydrogenase the key enzymes involved in the Kd of dmf were assayed and the activities of these enzymes were found only in dmfgrown cultures further confirming the inducible nature of the dmf Kd based on these results dmf degradation pathway found in ochrobactrum sp dgvk has been proposed"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1426
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2702",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"DMA"
],
"offsets": [
[
671,
674
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "dimethylamine"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2703 | 6182364 | [
{
"id": "2704",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we studied the pattern of hiv dna OD and the association to other hivrelated AF during longterm supervised therapy interruption ltsti fifteen patients were treated with longtime protease inhibitorbased antiretroviral therapy piart they had hiv rna at copiesml over sd months and cd cell counts of sd x liter a realtime PCR reaction amplifying fragments of the hiv pol gene and the HA gene simultaneously was used to quantify hiv dna molecules in cd cells the quantity of hiv dna in cd cells increased during ltsti in all patients with an average Td of months tentatively three patterns were observed rapid initial increase with subsequent stabilizing levels rapid continuous increase and slow increase the hiv dna Mw was positively related to the hiv rna maximum and steady state level and the baseline hiv dna value it was inversely related to the decrease in cd cells both before the start of piart and during the ltsti to conclude hiv dna persists in INF cd cells despite longterm ERP piart and will increase T3 therapy interruption the most important clinical predictor of LT sti failure was the rapid cd cell decline before piart in patients with a steep prepiart Mw it may be prudent to continue treatment and not initiate therapy interruption"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1249
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2705",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HA"
],
"offsets": [
[
381,
383
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "human albumin"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2706 | 15565499 | [
{
"id": "2707",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"to T0 the risk of catheterassociated thrombosis cat between PICCs piccs and tunneled CE A-V catheters in children with one"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
122
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2708",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PICCs"
],
"offsets": [
[
60,
65
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "peripherally inserted central catheters"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2709 | 6727426 | [
{
"id": "2710",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the first asymmetric total synthesis of migrastatin a macrolide natural product with antimetastatic properties has been accomplished our concise and flexible approach utilized a lewis acidcatalyzed diene aldehyde condensation lacdac to install the three contiguous stereocenters and the trisubstituted zalkene of migrastatin construction of the two remaining stereocenters and incorporation of the glutarimidecontaining side chain was achieved by an antiselective aldol addition of propionyl oxazolidinone to angelic aldehyde followed by a HWE hwe coupling of with glutarimide aldehyde finally the assembly of the macrocycle was realized by a highly eselective ringclosing metathesis utilizing the power of diverted total synthesis dts a series of otherwise inaccessible analogues was prepared and evaluated for their potential as tumor cell migration inhibitors in several in vitro assays these studies revealed a dramatic increase in activity when the NK motif was considerably simplified presenting masurvivors who were diagnosed initially while they lived in a region monitored by the surveillance epidemiology and end results seer program and compared them with matched controls who had no PH of CA drawn from the medicare sample in both univariable and multivariable analyses cancer survivorship was associated with an increased likelihood of not receiving recommended care across a broad range of chronic medical conditions odds ratio confidence interval for example colorectal carcinoma survivors were less likely than controls to receive AGA followup for HF necessary diabetic care or recommended preventive services having both PCPs and oncologists involved in followup appeared to ameliorate this effect significantly africanamerican poor and elderly patients were less likely to receive necessary care in both groups whether it was due to patient factors physician AF or both CA survivors appear to be a vulnerable patient population because their CA diagnosis may shift attention away from important noncancer problems and providers in addition there may be lack of clarity around the relative roles PC and specialist physicians will play in a survivors care special attention and education are needed to ensure that survivors receive optimal medical services"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2272
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2711",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HWE"
],
"offsets": [
[
540,
543
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "hornerwadsworthemmons"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2712 | 2943223 | [
{
"id": "2713",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a critical evaluation of years experience using laboratory screening to detect PMNL dysfunction is described PMNL dysfunctions in patients with recurrent bacterial infections were investigated by using the following screening tests PMNL chemotaxis towards nformylmethionyl MMP fmlp and the complement fragment ca PMNL production of superoxide anions o in response to PMA acetate and OPZ particles and examination of maygrünwald and myeloperoxidase cytochemical staining of IP blood smears these tests were carried out in patients suffering from infections and suspected of having altered neutrophil functional competence a minority of patients was found to have well defined PMNL dysfunction syndromes CGD four cases CH disease one case and myeloperoxidase deficiency one case of the remaining patients in whom infections localized to airways andor skin predominated cases were found to have impaired chemotaxis cases or partial defects of the o production defects of CTX toward fmlp and those towards both flmp and ca were the most frequent abnormalities no defect was found in the other patients moreover impaired PMNL CTX was found in some patients with selective iga deficiency five cases or ICS seven cases the results suggest that a additional screening tests are required to ameliorate the efficiency of the diagnostic workup of the patients suspected to have neutrophil dysfunction and b further DUE also at the molecular level should be considered at least in selected cases of nonclassified neutrophil dysfunction in order to clarify diagnosis and plan rational therapeutic strategies"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1595
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2714",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CH"
],
"offsets": [
[
718,
720
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "chediakhigashi"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2715 | 4227029 | [
{
"id": "2716",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"hiv downregulates hiv in human primary peripheral blood MNC cells pbmcs although the effect of hiv on hiv in human cd t cell lines was previously reported the present observations with pbmcs are a necessary demonstration before considering rat and clinical studies notably the downregulation was observed with at least three phenotypically different hiv proviruses and three different hiv proviruses and was independent of the mode of introduction of the proviruses hiv inhibited both the production of extracellular hiv p antigen and intracellular viral rna suggesting the involvement of transcriptional downmodulation some of the defective hiv proviruses also inhibited hiv in some cases these defects were transcomplemented by the corresponding hiv gene products emphasizing crossregulation between the two viruses the phenotype of one of the mutant hiv proviruses suggested that the posttranscriptional effects may also occur in addition to the poysis showed proteinuria glycosuria and microscopic hematuria generalized aminoaciduria was observed moreover severe anemia azotemia hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were also observed renal biopsy specimen disclosed hypocellular interstitial fibrosis and degeneration of the RPTE cells no remarkable changes were observed in the glomeruli aristolochic acid was detected in the health food from these findings she was diagnosed as having CHN chn although consumption of the food intake was stopped her renal function deteriorated rapidly previously we reported that certain kinds of chinese herbal drugs contain aristolochic acid and that the drugs should be prohibited if aristolochic acid is identified however we experienced a patient of chn arising from traditional remedy which was not proved to be safe it should be awared that health foods may contain aristolochic acid"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1826
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2717",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CHN"
],
"offsets": [
[
1388,
1391
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "chinese herbs nephropathy"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2718 | 9952710 | [
{
"id": "2719",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"cerebrovascular disease is a wellknown cause of PD however so far there are no standardized clinical criteria that allow the diagnosis with accuracy and reliability rather there is a great symptom overlap between IPD other causes for PD and vascular PD therefore additional instruments are necessary to improve DA transcranial sonography of brain parenchyma tcs has become a broadly applied tool in the diagnosis of FPD and AA and APS in contrast to patients with IPD patients with VP in GA show no hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra in contrast to a number of patients with atypical PD syndromes also the BG are usually normoechogenic on tcs a more specific RPA to vascular parkinsonism includes the doppler or duplex technique in order to show stenosis of vessels therefore the combination of tcs and dopplerduplex imaging might help to improve diagnosis of vascular PD transcranial"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
891
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2720",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"VP"
],
"offsets": [
[
482,
484
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "vascular parkinsonism"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2721 | 4049843 | [
{
"id": "2722",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we report a case of yearold man with acute myelogened to ascertain lawsuits in which a ME or coroner mec was sued because of the cause or manner of death stated on the death certificate sixteen reported cases were found between and with of the cases occurring since the frequency of reported cases is approximately mec death certificates but based on certain assumptions the actual frequency may be estimated at mec death certificates nine cases involved plaintiffs who contested when the manner of death was indicated as suicide in of the cases the lower court decision favored the mec viewpoint five of the decisions were ultimately reversed by a higher court but the ultimate outcomes of these cases were not available overall it appears that most courts and decisions have recognized mec actions as discretionary or immune and that mecs have been at low risk for such suits to date this seems especially true if the mec position is defensible and the mec has acted in accordance with statute and without evidence of corruption incompetence arbitrariness capriciousness abuse of discretion or outrageous conduct"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1114
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2723",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ME"
],
"offsets": [
[
87,
89
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "medical examiner"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2724 | 10171775 | [
{
"id": "2725",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the surface electrogastrogram egg records the electrical slow wave of the stomach noninvasively whose frequency is a useful clinical indicator of the state of gastric motility estimators based on the periodogram method are widely adopted to obtain this parameter but they are with a poor frequency domain resolution when the data window is short in TFA and have not taken full advantage of the slow wave MM we present a modified multiple signal classification music method for computing the frequency from surface egg records developing it into a realtime TFA algorithm simulations indicate that the modified music method has better performance in resolution and precision in the sinusoidlike resultant signal frequency detecting than periodogram volunteer data tests show that the modified music method is SD and efficient for clinical applications and reduces the danger of pseudo peaks for the diagnosis"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
906
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2726",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"TFA"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
559
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "timefrequency analysis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2727 | 2302201 | [
{
"id": "2728",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"microinjections of nanogram amounts of CCK-8S ccks into the nucleus accumbens were examined for effects on intracranial selfstimulation icss derived from the VTA vta the results showed that ccks dosedependently antagonized vta intracranial selfstimulation icss without affecting maximum response rates ccks also increased the current threshold required for icss these findings were interpreted to suggest that ccks attenuates BSR derived from the vta"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
450
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2729",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"BSR"
],
"offsets": [
[
426,
429
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "brain stimulation reward"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2730 | 11526628 | [
{
"id": "2731",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"renal transplantation increases the probability of malignant tumors by about fold overall with a much higher rate for LLC-PK1 malignancy renal tumors in renal Tx are commonly conventional clear cell or papillary renal cell carcinoma clear cell papillary renal cell carcinoma is a recently described unique renal epithelial neoplasm with scant eosinophilic or moderate amount of clear cytoplasm and pyknotic small nuclei oriented commonly toward the apical surfaces no such RT has been reported in renal Tx in this paper we describe a CC PTC renal cell carcinoma involving bilateral native kidneys in a patient who had received a renal SPK years earlier CC PTC renal cell carcinoma commonly presents with low pathologic stage and lower fuhrman grade and is clinically indolent additional cases are needed to evaluate the clinical SMB of this type of tumor in renal transplant recipients"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
885
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2732",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CC"
],
"offsets": [
[
534,
536
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "clear cell"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2733 | 7241294 | [
{
"id": "2734",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"HF consists of two phenotypes systolic HR failure and DHF dhf a growing body of evidence demonstrated benefits of betablocker angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin ii receptor blocker in SHF however evidence leading to therapeutic strategy of dhf is lacking"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
274
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2735",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"DHF"
],
"offsets": [
[
54,
57
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "diastolic heart failure"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2736 | 15215587 | [
{
"id": "2737",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with primary causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world several studies have been carried out to evaluate the effects of a diet inducing cystathionineβsynthase methyltetrafolate folic acid and vitamin b supplemented with methionine on the homocysteine metabolism and in lowering the plasma tHcy levels a C1 number of molecular and biomedical studies in numerous animals such as mice rabbits and pigs have sought to elevate the plasma total homocysteine C2 and to identify a disease MM for human hyperhomocysteinemia however a TPS rat is not suitable for hyperhomocysteinemia in terms of all aspects of cardiovascular disease in this review article the experimental progress of animal models with plasma tHcy levels is examined to identify a feasible rat of hyperhomocysteinemia for different aspects"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
908
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2738",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"tHcy"
],
"offsets": [
[
399,
403
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "total homocysteine"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2739 | 6019515 | [
{
"id": "2740",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a ttoc polymorphism in the promoter region of the cyp gene that encodes the cytochrome pcalpha has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate CA but individual studies have been inconclusive or controversial thtween olanzapine clearance and umr h r pns a significant rho was found between olanzapine clearance and various caffeine MRs interpatient R2 in cypa activity may explain the wide interpatient R2 in olanzapine disposition EDC that modulate cypa activity may be expected to alter olanzapine pharmacokinetics accordingly"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
530
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2741",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MRs"
],
"offsets": [
[
334,
337
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "metabolic ratios"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2742 | 13016387 | [
{
"id": "2743",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a SR to compare the effectiveness of contraceptives to treat HMB hmb pubmed was searched for studies using hormonal contraceptive methods to treat hmb two reviewers screened citations and extracted eligible trials based on rigid inclusion and exclusion criteria fourteen articles met inclusion criteria the evidence was good to poor quality and suggested that all contraceptives tested were ERP in the treatment of hmb but the levonorgestrel intrauterine system was the most ERP method hormonal contraceptives effectively treat hmb the levonorgestel intrauterine system is the superior method"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
592
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2744",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HMB"
],
"offsets": [
[
61,
64
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "heavy menstrual bleeding"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2745 | 1638268 | [
{
"id": "2746",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"sequential HBI shb was integrated with combination chemotherapy and local irradiation lrt in the induction and consolidation phases of a therapeutic protocol for small cell lung carcinoma sclc fortyone previously untreated patients were entered into this program among evaluable LD ld and with extensive disease ed the overall response rate was in ld and in ed patients the estimated overall survival is months the major toxicity has been myelosuppressionespecially TP the frequency of previously described acute radiation syndromes and RP associated with HBI have been substantially decreased at the current dosage with premedication and shielding techniques the integration of shb as a systemic therapy with combination chemotherapy and lrt is a feasible program for sequential administration of noncrossresistant agents in sclc and may be beneficial in patients with limited disease"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
885
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2747",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HBI"
],
"offsets": [
[
556,
559
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "hemibody irradiation"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2748 | 3480197 | [
{
"id": "2749",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we report a spectrum of defects that were found in an yearold girl who presented for investigation of primary amenorrhea the patient was found to have duane anomaly left renal agenesis absent uterus BL sensorineural deafness and BL preauricular skin tags and sinuses investigation of her family showed that her brother also had duane anomaly RA renal agenesis sensorineural deafness and preauricular skin tags and that their father had preauricular skin tags cytogenetic analysis including in ISH of IP blood lymphocytes demonstrated a supernumerary bisatellited marker chromosome derived from the region of chromosome pterq in the affected individuals our findings indicate that a gene or genes located in the region of chromosome pterq may be associated with the duane anomaly and the OD of the urogenital tract"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
813
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2750",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ISH"
],
"offsets": [
[
493,
496
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "situ hybridisation"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2751 | 7397353 | [
{
"id": "2752",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"malignant MMT are rare ovarian neoplasms that account for less than of ovarian HM they have a generally poor prognosis and often develop recurrent disease to our knowledge this is the first report of a malignant mixed mullerian RT with metastasis to the pancreas the metastatic RT was identified by EUS guided fine needle aspiration eusfna and trucut needle biopsy of the pancreas"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
380
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2753",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MMT"
],
"offsets": [
[
10,
13
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "mixed mullerian tumors"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2754 | 528598 | [
{
"id": "2755",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a L1 adverse effect of recombinant human erythropoietin rhuepo in hemodialyzed patients are thrombotic events several reports on PLT CF during rhuepo treatment have been published but less is known about fibrinolysis in the present study the fibrinolytic capacity was studied in patients on MHD and treated with rhuepo the patients were randomized into two CG and investigated in a crossover design rhuepo was i.v. and subcutaneously in each group and was given for months respectively plasma tissue plasminogen activator tpa and released tpa remained unaffected by rhuepo in both CG throughout the T0 tissue plasminogen activator inhibitor pai increased in a cyclic way reaching peak values weeks after the start of investigation and again weeks after changing therapy the increase in pai was significant in the two CG p tissue plasminogen antigen was low in the uremic patients the influence of rhuepo on this parameter was not investigated compensatory changes in plasma C2 of factor xii procoagulant activity APC and of AP were not observed thrombotic events occurred in patients at peak values of pai six patients required an increase in heparin dose simultaneously with the increase in pai thus rhuepo seemed to affect the fibrinolytic capacity of uremic patients"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1269
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2756",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"APC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1013,
1016
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "activated protein c"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2757 | 13815128 | [
{
"id": "2758",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the flagellar basal body is a rotary motor that spans the cytoplasmic and outer membranes the rod is a drive shaft that transmits torque generated by the motor through the hook to the filament that propels the bacterial cell the assembly and structure of the rod are poorly understood in a first attempt to characterize this structure in the alphaproteobacterium rhodobacter sphaeroides we overexpressed and purified flie and the four related rod proteins flgb flgc flgf and flgg and we analyzed their ability to form homooligomers we found that HP S9 of these proteins formed highmolecularmass oligomers that tended to dissociate in the presence of nacl as predicted by in silico modeling the four rod proteins share architectural features using affinity blotting we detected the heteromeric interactions between these proteins in addition we observed that deletion of the n and CT regions of flgf and flgg severely affected heteromeric but not homomeric interactions on the basis of our findings we propose a model of rod assembly in this bacterium"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1050
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2759",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HP"
],
"offsets": [
[
546,
548
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "highly purified"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2760 | 3270678 | [
{
"id": "2761",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"changes in the MI rate and epithelial keratin expression of corneal epithelial basal cells following corneal abrasion mm in diameter in rabbits were studied immunohistochemically using antiproliferating cell nuclear antigen pcna monoclonal antibody and antiepithelial keratin ae in the nonwounded control the MR pcna positive cells in the BCC SL was approximately and only the superficial cells were stained by ae monoclonal antibody one day after wounding migrating epithelial cells at the leading edge which reacted to ae showed low MA at days and the mitotic rates of basal cells of regenerating epithelium were times higher than that of controls these basal cells displayed intensive IF with ae while the epithelium over the unwounded cornea exhibited a normal pattern limited to superficial cells by days T3 injury the mitotic rate returned to normal and all epithelial cells expressed a normal ae IF DP theses results suggest that regeneration of corneal epithelial basal cells involves changes in keratin expression which might correlate with changes in the MR"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1067
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2762",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1065,
1067
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "mitotic rate"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2763 | 5156667 | [
{
"id": "2764",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"to explore whether the observed age related decline in the RR associated with low employment grade can be explained by the profiles of smoking blood pressure and plasma cholesterol changing differently with age between the employment grades"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
240
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2765",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RR"
],
"offsets": [
[
59,
61
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "relative risk of death"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2766 | 3805270 | [
{
"id": "2767",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"cerebellar gl metabolism was studied in one patient with a hemipontine haematoma in order to investigate remote metabolic effects within the cerebellar lobules in the patient who suffered a circumscribed hemipontine haemorrhage and in three normal subjects cerebellar gl metabolisms was studied using ffluorodeoxydglucose and highresolution positron emission tomography pet regions of interest were placed on sagittal BB slices of coregistered magnetic resonance images for quantitative evaluation of gl metabolism in each cerebellar lobule interruption of corticopontine MF caused inactivation of PN with subsequent CL cerebellar diaschisis mainly in the AL and the posterior portion of the quadrangular lobule damage within the pontocerebellar part of the corticopontocerebellar pathway eg PN and crossing pontocerebellar fibres from CL PN led to ipsi and contralateral cerebellar diaschisis within the semilunar gracile and biventral lobules highresolution pet is capable of demonstrating bilateral diaschisis involving specific cerebellar lobules to a different degree that is consistent with the pontine anatomy of the corticopontocerebellar pathway and with the location of the haemorrhagic lesion"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1203
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2768",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PN"
],
"offsets": [
[
839,
841
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "pontine nuclei"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2769 | 2871210 | [
{
"id": "2770",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a pairfeeding T0 was conducted to investigate the relative importance of ingestion of aflatoxin microgramg diet versus decreased FC in explaining the effects of dietary aflatoxin on reproduction fiftyeight mature white leghorn males were divided among three groups control microgramg diet ad lib aflatoxin microgramsg diet AL and pairfed microgramg diet PF to microgramsg group aflatoxin and pairfed males consumed significantly less feed than controls during weeks through of the week aflatoxin feeding period measures of reproductive potential semen volume testes weights spermatocrit and plasma testosterone for pairfed males were not significantly different from males fed aflatoxin although both CG were significantly lower than control males measures of aflatoxicosis liver weight liver fat and plasma Al for pairfed males were not significantly different from control males although both groups were significantly different from males fed aflatoxin in conclusion decreased feed consumption did not produce symptoms of aflatoxicosis but accounted for of the effects of aflatoxin on reproduction therefore aflatoxin has nutritional and toxicological effects on reproductionu"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1179
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2771",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PF"
],
"offsets": [
[
354,
356
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "pair fed"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2772 | 1166647 | [
{
"id": "2773",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"complex clinicophysiological examinations was performed in patients of middle and old ages with early and pronounced DE of atherosclerotic and in most cases hypertensive etiologies the cerebral hemodynamics was found to be relatively independent of the CE one in patients with early AS HIVE the level of the systemic circulation and that of the median regional CBF flow were found to correlate in early and advanced hypertensive HIVE cases the CBF function was shown to be more associated with the CBF flow in the early HIVE in elderly patients than in middleaged ones the individual and personal traits of the patients were largely related to the disease stage rather than to the predominant etiological factor"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
711
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2774",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"HIVE"
],
"offsets": [
[
429,
433
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "encephalopathy"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2775 | 3630974 | [
{
"id": "2776",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the authors examined children eyes aged months to years with retinal detachment in the rop course eyes were selected for the surgery eyes with the active rop phase and myopic eyes with the vitreoretinal changes resulting from rop the segmental or encircling SB was performed in eyes in eyes the vitrectomy and the endotamponade was used in eyes the retinal attachment was achieved in eyes in the AS phase and eyes with regressed rop"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
432
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2777",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SB"
],
"offsets": [
[
258,
260
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "scleral buckling"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2778 | 2808206 | [
{
"id": "2779",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"placentas and their annexes obtained from normal pregnancies leading to liveborn infants were examined for inflammatory lesions inflammatory reactions of VL importance and localisation were seen more often when pregnancy exceeded weeks gestation and when the scanlon test was positive no significant correlation could be drawn between gestational infection premature ROM the aspect of the amniotic fluid and the bacteriology of the material from the EAC of the P0 although almost half of the placentas had inflammatory infiltrates none of the P0 infants showed clinical evidence of infection the authors discuss possible explanations for these anatomoclinical discrepancies"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
673
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2780",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ROM"
],
"offsets": [
[
367,
370
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "rupture of the membranes"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2781 | 11412466 | [
{
"id": "2782",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"evaluation of men with a point scale is a simple method that can be used both in PC and specialist inpatient treatment although its use is not widespread international scoring system for DUE of PS of the prostate is common in poland ipss responses to the questionnaire are the basis of ipss scale SQ of life form qol is in addition to the scale of ipss it defines subjective assessment of patient wellbeing in case of symptoms of lower urinary tract at the same level as at the time of the T0 point questionnaire iief has been used in poland since to assess mens sexual life the aim of the study is to compare the assessment of disuric disorders measured using the international prostate system score ipss and SQ of life scale versus scale of mens sexual selfesteem iief in men at the age of the study included randomly selected residents of the district cracowdowntown at the age of medical interview was carried out including complaints of lower urinary tract symptoms ipss quality of life qol and sexual dysfunction iief PE with assessment of individual systems with particular emphasis on GU system PE of the prostate dre psa level in total and free fractions a biopsy of the prostate under ultrasound control if necessary for the analysis qualified men the men were divided into groups called groups of disease a suspicion of prostate CA can not rule out prostate CA prostate CA confirmed probable benign prostatic PH bph no lesions the largest was the group with probable benign prostatic PH of the total respondents followed by a group of men without lesions a group of probable prostate CA was of the respondents a group with whom you can not rule out prostate CA was the smallest was the group with confirmed prostate cancer of all male respondents the age CG were respondents aged years and aged aged and aged mean age was years ppicked up data were processed and analized by stata differences between CG relative to answers for the questions of scales ipss qol and iieef questionnaire were analized by mannwhitney kruskal wallis scheffes and chi tests homogeneity of the ipss were analised by a cronbach coefficient test accordance of each questions of the scale to whole scale were analised by correlation and line regression tests based on the analysis of the total scale score by ipss and qol scale and quality of life questionnaire iief showed that in the process of aging in the population more frequently in older than in younger men there are complaints from the urinary tract and deteriorating SQ of life of selfesteem and SQ of life of sexual selfesteem after analyzing the result of scale ipss qol and iief in the disease groups it was found that the total score of ipss differentiates men in the group with probable benign prostatic hyperplasia from a group of men without lesions and men with suspected prostate cancer statistically significant reduction in quality of life qol in patients with confirmed prostate cancer and in the group with probable benign prostatic PH compared with men without lesions the highest selfesteem sex life iief was found in men without lesions and the lowest in the group with known prostate cancer the scale of SQ of life qol was significantly positively correlated with the results of ipss scale as well as with each of its questions deterioration in the SQ of life occurred as a crescendo pain of LRT with the increase in the incidence and severity of each symptom on a scale ipss worsening of selfesteem was examined using a scale iief u of men with the deterioration of the SQ of life measured by the scale of qol worsening their sexual RSE iief in the process of aging are growing complaints from the lower urinary tract SE deteriorates the SQ of life including sexual life which is especially marked in men with enlarged prostate the scale of SQ of life qol is significantly positively correlated with the results of ipss scale with the increase in the incidence and severity of PS on a scale ipss had decreased selftest using the iief scale the deterioration of quality of life measured with qol was associated with decreased sexual RSE iief"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
4104
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2783",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RSE"
],
"offsets": [
[
3597,
3600
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "selfesteem scale"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2784 | 10017066 | [
{
"id": "2785",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"phyllodes PT of the breast are rare fibroepithelial neoplasms with a potential for recurrence current histological classification is not always predictive of clinical behavior the aim of this T0 was to identify genetic changes associated with the development of borderline and malignant PTs in an asian population and to assess if genetic data supported the categorization of these tumors into the existing three grades of benign borderline and malignant expression profiling of phyllodes PT benign BL malignant was performed using affymetrix uplus genechips® mRNA among benign borderline and malignant tumors was compared and a gene list was able to classify them according to tor activity of hamlet was found to be naturally present in the acidic fraction of HM where it was discovered by serendipity structural studies have shown that αlactalbumin in hamlet and lysozyme in eloa are partially unfolded moltenglobulelike thereby rendering the complexes dynamic and in conformational exchange hamlet exists in the monomeric form whereas eloa mostly exists as oligomers and the HFA stoichiometry varies with hamlet holding an average of approximately five OA molecules whereas eloa contains a considerably larger number potent tumoricidal activity is found in both hamlet and eloa and hamlet has also shown strong potential as an antitumor drug in different in vivo animal models and clinical studies the gain of new beneficial CF upon partial protein unfolding and HFA IB is a remarkable phenomenon and may reflect a significant generic route of PET diversification of proteins via varying their conformational states and associated ligands"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1643
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2786",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PTs"
],
"offsets": [
[
287,
290
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "phyllodes tumors"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2787 | 7585955 | [
{
"id": "2788",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"to identify and characterize preattack symptoms prodrome in patients with FMF fmf"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
81
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2789",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"FMF"
],
"offsets": [
[
74,
77
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "familial mediterranean fever"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2790 | 6200558 | [
{
"id": "2791",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"from to a total of AD patients with earlyintermediate hodgkin disease hd were randomly assigned to receive cycles of adriamycin bleomycin vinblastine DTIC an alkylating agent and methylprednisolone abvdm arm a or epirubicin bleomycin vinblastine methotrexate and methylprednisolone ebvmm arm e a combination without alkylating agent responding patients received D2 field radiation therapy rt postchemotherapy pCR and year FFP rates were higher in arm a and than in arm e p and p hd mortality hdm treatmentrelated mortality trm and overall survival os were similar in both arms a and b and however trm and os rates were lower in patients aged years or older p reflecting the increasing incidence of BG fatal events with increasing age finally EFS efs was higher in arm a than in arm e p in patients aged younger than years in arm a year efs and os rates were and with hdm and trm rates as low as and three courses of abvdm plus rt are the best available option for treating early or intermediate hd"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
997
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2792",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"FFP"
],
"offsets": [
[
422,
425
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "freedom from progression"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2793 | 7303604 | [
{
"id": "2794",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the purpose of the present retrospective study was to learn the longterm outcome of oral premalignant lesions leukoplakia and erythroplakia with or without surgical intervention and to relate the outcome to AF supposed to be significant for malignant development including clinical type demarcation size site presence of ED smoking and surgery a total of lesions in patients were included ninetyfour lesions were surgically removed lesions being homogenous and nonhomogenous leukoplakias whereas nine were erythroplakias seventythree percent of the lesions were associated with tobacco habits the mean size of the lesions was mm and of the lesions showed a degree of ED T3 excision the defects were closed primarily by transposition of mucosal flaps or they were covered by free mucosal or skin grafts a few defects were left for AA healing T3 surgical treatment the patients were followed mean yrs range yrs and new biopsies taken in case of recurrences one hundred and seventy five lesions had no surgical MI lesions being homogenous and nonhomogenous leukoplakias and erythroplakias eightyone percent of the lesions were associated with smoking the mean size of the lesions was mm and of the lesions exhibited epithelial dysplasia sixtyfive lesions were not biopsied these patients were also followed mean yrs range yrs and biopsies taken in case of changes indicative of malignant development all patients were encouraged to quit smoking and candidal infections were treated the possible role of different variables for malignant development was estimated by means of LR analysis following surgical treatment lesions developed carcinoma T3 a mean followup period of yrs nonhomogenous leukoplakia accounted for the highest frequency of malignant development ie whereas of the homogenous leukoplakias developed carcinomas surgically treated lesions with slight moderate severe and no ED developed carcinoma with similar frequencies ie without surgical MI of the lesions disappeared whereas seven lesions developed carcinoma T3 a mean observation period of yrs the highest frequency of malignant OD was seen for nonhomogenous leukoplakias this figure being for homogenous leukoplakias fourteen percent of lesions with slight ED developed malignancy and of lesions with no dysplasia showed malignant transformation LR analysis showed a seven times increased risk or of nonhomogenous leukoplakia for malignant development as compared with homogenous leukoplakia and a times increased risk for malignant OD for lesions with a size exceeding mm no other examined variables including presence of any degree of ED site demarcation smoking and surgical MI were statistically significant AF for malignant OD"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2700
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2795",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ED"
],
"offsets": [
[
1886,
1888
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "epithelial dysplasia"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2796 | 8593810 | [
{
"id": "2797",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"this work introduces a heuristic index the tolerance distance to define the closeness of two VL categories in MCA mca this index is a weighted euclidean distance where weightings are based on the importance of each mca axis and variable categories were considered to be associated when their distances were below the tolerance distance this RPA was applied to a renal transplantation data the analysed variables were allograft survival and of its putative predictors a bootstrapbased stability analysis was employed for assessing result reliability the method identified previously detected associations within the DB such as that between race of donors and recipients and that between hla match and cyclosporine use a hierarchical clustering algorithm was also applied to the same data allowing for interpretations similar to those based on mca the defined tolerance distance could thus be used as an index of closeness in mca hence decreasing the subjectivity of interpreting mca results"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
989
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2798",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MCA"
],
"offsets": [
[
110,
113
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "multiple correspondence analysis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2799 | 4002176 | [
{
"id": "2800",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we report two cases of rheumatoid ICA ra associated with crohns disease cd the first case was a yearold man with longstanding cd who next developed a seropositive nodular ra this patient also had BL sacroiliitis but without positive hla b the second was a yearold female with a year PH of SP ra who presented secondarily a cd no sacroiliitis or nodules were found in this patient both patients were dr drb gold salts were only given in the second case and were stopped many years before the gastrointestinal PS a similar case report has been previously described consisting in an ulcerative colitis complicating a seronegative hlab ra with SI the gastrointestinal involvement in ra may be broad and includes many causes druginduced colitis including gold enterocolitis vasculitis and amyloidosis located in the gut associated bowel disease such as CC and also infectious agents in addition erosive polyarthritis associated with gastrointestinal manifestations can present a problem in the differential diagnosis between ra and an enteropathic arthritis finally the coexistence by chance of inflammatory bowel disease and ra is suggested by the low occurrence of these two conditions in the same patient"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1202
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2801",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CC"
],
"offsets": [
[
848,
850
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "collagenous colitis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2802 | 1231123 | [
{
"id": "2803",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"immunoreactive corticotropinreleasing hormone ircrh in maternal plasma increases progressively during pregnancy and decreases rapidly T3 delivery suggesting that ircrh is produced in the placenta we studied the expression of the crh gene in developing human chorionic tissue the amniotic membrane the uterine myometrium and a fresh surgical specimen of hydatidiform mole by northern blot analysis our results were as follows crh mrna was demonstrated in the placenta in the third trimester and at term but under detectable level in the first and second trimesters crh mrna expression was observed in the AM but its expression in the myometrium in NP was under detectable level at term crh mrna was also under detectable level in trophoblasts of a hydatidiform mole these results suggest that the sources of the increased level of ircrh in HP and amniotic fluid during pregnancy are the placenta and amniotic membrane and that gene expression of placental crh increases during pregnancy"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
985
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2804",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"NP"
],
"offsets": [
[
647,
649
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "normal pregnancy"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2805 | 9692188 | [
{
"id": "2806",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in humans the VE response to sustained isocapnic hypoxia is biphasic T3 an initial rapid rise there follows a steady decline of the next min termed hypoxic VE decline hvd it is not known whether this AA phase resides in a reducing activity of the peripheral or the CE chemoreflex we wished to assess if the ca transient that occurs in glomus cells in response to hypoxia exhibits a form of hvd with sustained hypoxia that parallels the human VE response or if it exhibits a different response glomus cells enzymatically isolated from rat pups were exposed to min sustained hypoxia co in n asphyxia co in n hypercapnia co in air mm k recyclers suggesting extensive exposure to these compounds during ewaste recycling activities possibly through inhalation and ingestion of dust the estimated infant intake dose of pbdes from BM of some mothers occupationally involved in ewaste recycling were close to or higher than the REF doses issued by the us epa"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
950
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2807",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"BM"
],
"offsets": [
[
824,
826
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "breast milk"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2808 | 4222736 | [
{
"id": "2809",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"expansion of dna CAG repeats tnrs is the causative mutation in a growing number of human genetic diseases large expansions of a ctg tract were obtained and shown by genetic and PCS assays to be lengthdependent sites of chromosome breakage in saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion of rad which encodes a nuclease involved in okazaki fragment processing caused lengthdependent destabilization of ctg tracts and a substantial increase in expansion frequency the genetic CA described here can be used to evaluate other AF that induce tnr expansion or chromosome fragility in humans"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
573
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2810",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CAG"
],
"offsets": [
[
17,
20
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "trinucleotide"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2811 | 577733 | [
{
"id": "2812",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in this randomized blinded study the effect of the angiotensin CE inhibitor perindopril on electrical stability after myocardial infarction in pigs was compared to placebo the LADA was occluded for min perindoprilat mgkg n or saline n was injected min before reperfusion treatment was continued till day with perindopril mg once daily or placebo at daity there was no evidence to suggest that the presence of spermatozoa has a stimulatory effect on the epididymis IN sperm were observed throughout the duct from july free cytoplasmic droplets which showed some evidence of degeneration collected in large masses in the distal corpusproximal cauda epididymidis of adult males between aggregates of spermatozoa epididymal differentiation appeared CR by midjuly few ultrastructural changes occurred T3 this time recruitment of spermatozoa into the epididymis ceased by august and was associated with a rapid decline in sperm content in the PT caput segments in the november and february samples spermatozoa were present only in distal corpus and PT cauda segmentsabstract truncated at words"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1087
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2813",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"LADA"
],
"offsets": [
[
176,
180
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "left anterior descending artery"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2814 | 3592738 | [
{
"id": "2815",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the effects of tumour CN factoralpha tnf alpha on the growth and dna synthesis of the human breast cell line td were studied a dosedependent reversible inhibition of thymidine incorporation and cell growth was observed in the range of ng ml to ng ml of tnf alpha cell viability was not impaired in any of the experiments flowcytometric dna analysis demonstrated that T3 h exposure to tnf alpha td cells accumulated in the g phase of the Tc and were depleted in the gm and s phases suggesting a block in the progression of the gs transition the involvement of protein kinases pk and protein phosphatases in tnf alphainduced signal transduction was also investigated a transient and rapid fold increase in total cellular protein kinase c pkc activity was detected after min SE to tnf alpha to T0 the role of the observed pkc activation in the cytostatic effect of tnf alpha td cells were exposed to the cytokine in the presence of the potent pkc inhibitor h the inhibitory effect of tnf alpha on thymidine incorporation was not affected by exposure to h at concentrations sufficient to block the stimulation of thymidine uptake induced by the pkc agonist phorbolmyristateacetate pma the involvement of other signalling pathways was addressed using the cyclic nucleotidedependent pk inhibitor h the calmodulindependent pk inhibitor w and the inhibitor of protein phosphatases pp and ppb okadaic acid SE of td cells to these enzyme inhibitors failed to antagonise the inhibition of thymidine incorporation by tnf alpha taken together these results indicate that the cytostatic effect of tnf alpha on td cells occurs at the gs transition of the cell cycle and is mediated by an intracellular pathway which does not involve the activity of PKCs and a nor protein phosphatases pp ppb"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1776
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2816",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PKCs"
],
"offsets": [
[
1734,
1738
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "protein kinases c"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2817 | 4357681 | [
{
"id": "2818",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"this is a review of our recent modeling work aimed at i OD and assessment of techniques for reliable refinement of lowresolution protein structures and ii using these techniques at solving TPS problems pertinent to neurophysinbioligand interactions neurophysins i and ii npi and npii serve in the neurosecretory granules of the PP as carrier proteins for the neurophyseal hormones oxytocin ot and vasopressin vp respectively until the latter are released into blood nps are rat twodomain sulphur rich small proteins residues disulphide bridges per monomer capable of being aggregated the c symmetrical npi and npii homodimers and the npiot and npiivp heterotetramers all believed to be the smallest functional units were modeled using lowresolution structure information ie the c alphacarbon coordinates of the homologous npiidipeptide complex as a template the allatom representations of the models were obtained using the sybyl suite of programs by tripos inc subsequently they were relaxed using a constrained simulated annealing csa protocol and submitted to about ps molecular dynamics md in water using the amber force field the npiot and npiivp structures averaged after the last ps of md were remarkably similar to those recently reported either for npiidipeptide or npiioxytocin complex in the solid state chen et al proc natl acad sci usa rose et al nature struct biol the results indicate that the helices terminating the amino domains and the carboxyl domains are more mobile than the remainder of the np monomers the hormones become anchored by residues and to the host leaving residues and exposed on the surface and free to move a cluster of attractive interactions extending from the ligand IB site tyrile of unit to the intermonomer interface val of unit cys and ile of unit is clearly seen we suggest that both these interactions as well as the increased mobility of the helix and the carboxyl domain may contribute to the allosteric communication between the ligand and the unitunit interface"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2011
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2819",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PP"
],
"offsets": [
[
328,
330
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "posterior pituitary"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2820 | 7887275 | [
{
"id": "2821",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"ultrasound CAs consist of microscopically small bubbles encapsulated by an elastic shell these microbubbles oscillate upon ultrasound insonification and demonstrate highly nonlinear behavior ameliorating their detectability potential medical applications involving the US disruption of contrast agent microbubble shells include releaseburst imaging localized drug delivery and noninvasive blood pressure measurement to develop and enhance these techniques predicting the cracking behavior of ultrasoundinsonified encapsulated microbubbles has been of importance in this paper we explore microbubble SMB in an ultrasound field with special attention to the influence of the bubble shell a bubble in a sound field can be considered a forced damped harmonic oscillator for encapsulated microbubbles the presence of a shell has to be taken into account in models an extra damping parameter and a shell beta have been included assuming that hookes law holds for the bubble shell at high acoustic amplitudes disruptive phenomena have been observed such as microbubble fragmentation and ultrasonic cracking we analyzed the occurrence of ultrasound contrast agent fragmentation by simulating the oscillating behavior of encapsulated microbubbles with various sizes in a harmonic acoustic field fragmentation occurs exclusively during the collapse phase and occurs if the kinetic SE of the collapsing microbubble is greater than the instantaneous bubble surface energy provided that surface instabilities have grown big enough to allow for breakup from our simulations it follows that the blake critical radius is not a good approximation for a fragmentation threshold we demonstrated how the phase angle differences between a damped radially oscillating bubble and an incident sound field depend on shell parameters"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1807
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2822",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"beta"
],
"offsets": [
[
898,
902
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "stiffness parameter"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2823 | 14687778 | [
{
"id": "2824",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"this study assessed whether EEG veeg monitoring followed by surgery was costeffective in AD patients with DR focal epilepsy under thai health care context as compared with continued medical treatment without veeg"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
212
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2825",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"EEG"
],
"offsets": [
[
28,
31
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "videoelectroencephalography"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2826 | 10168223 | [
{
"id": "2827",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we used the SW test to investigate the influence of chlorella powder intake during muscle AS training in mice T3 day swimming time was about fold longer for chlorella intake mice than for control swimming mice microarray analysis revealed that the global gene expression profile of muscle from the chlorella NI mice was similar to that of muscle from the IN nonswimming mice and the profile of these two CG differed from that of the control swimming mice GO and pathway analyses of mRNA data showed that oxidoreductase activity and the leukotriene synthesis pathway were repressed in the chlorella NI mice following the swimming test in addition measurements of free fatty acids gl triglycerides and LA in the blood of chlorella intake mice were higher than that of control mice these findings suggest that metabolism in tissues is altered by chlorella NI"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
855
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2828",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SW"
],
"offsets": [
[
12,
14
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "forced swimming"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2829 | 4044089 | [
{
"id": "2830",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the combination of nphosphonacetyllaspartate pala methylmercaptopurine riboside mmpr and aminonicotinamide an has been shown to be an ERP antineoplastic regimen and also to enhance the effects of other antineoplastic agents to further enhance the effect of this combination we investigated the effects of adding adriamycin at its maximally tolerated dose to this regimen the response rate CR regressionpartial regression for the fourdrug regimen was higher than for the threedrug regimen and the tumor GD was also significantly higher than for treatment with pala mmpr an or T3 treatment with maximally tolerated doses of adriamycin alone mgkg the addition of adriamycin to pala mmpr an did not result in enhancement of the effect of radiation as measured by RT growth delay studies and tumor control complete and partial regression rate the mechanism of action of the combination of pala mmpr and an is not known definitively but a possible mechanism previously suggested is biochemical modulation of SE metabolism and inhibition of production of RT atp treatment with pala mmpr an and adriamycin at hr post mmpr an resulted in a nadir ntppi value as determined by p nmr spectroscopy at approximately hr post mmpr an hr post adriamycin which was not significantly different from the ntppi value determined T3 treatment with the threedrug combination"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1350
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2831",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"GD"
],
"offsets": [
[
502,
504
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "growth delay"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2832 | 10650831 | [
{
"id": "2833",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the signaling pathway for nodal a ligand of the tgfβ superfamily plays a CE role in regulating the differentiation andor maintenance of stem cell types that can be derived from the periimplantation ME extraembryonic endoderm stem xen cells resemble the primitive endoderm of the blastocyst which normally gives rise to the parietal and the VE in vivo but xen cells do not contribute efficiently to the VE in chimeric embryos we have found that xen cells treated with nodal or cripto tdgf an egfcfc coreceptor for nodal display upregulation of markers for VE as well as AVE ave and can contribute to VE and ave in chimeric embryos in culture xen cells do not express cripto but do express the related egfcfc coreceptor cryptic cfc and require cryptic for nodal signaling notably the response to nodal is inhibited by the alkalkalk inhibitor sb but the response to cripto is unaffected suggesting that the activity of cripto is at least partially independent of type i receptor kinase activity gene set enrichment analysis of genomewide expression signatures generated from xen cells under these treatment conditions confirmed the differing responses of nodal and criptotreated xen cells to sb our findings define distinct pathways for nodal and cripto in the differentiation of visceral endoderm and ave from xen cells and provide new insights into the specification of these cell types in vivo"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1394
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2834",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"VE"
],
"offsets": [
[
403,
405
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "visceral endoderm"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2835 | 12477391 | [
{
"id": "2836",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in april SA replaced stavudine with TDF in firstline ARV therapy art despite tenofovirs higher cost we examined treatment outcomes over months amongst patients initiated on tenofovirbased vs stavudinebased firstline regimens"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
224
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2837",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"TDF"
],
"offsets": [
[
36,
39
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "tenofovir"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2838 | 10081579 | [
{
"id": "2839",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"neonicotinoid insecticides control crop pests based on their action as agonists at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor which accepts chloropyridinyl and chlorothiazolylanalogs almost equally well in some cases these EDC have also been reported to enhance plant vigor and abiotic AS tolerance independent of their insecticidal CF however this mode of action has not been defined using arabidopsis thaliana we show that the neonicotinoid compounds IMI imi and clothianidin clo via their chloropyridinylcarboxylic acid and chlorothiazolylcarboxylic acid metabolites respectively induce salicylic acid saassociated plant responses sa is a phytohormone best known for its role in plant defense against pathogens and as an inducer of SVR acquired resistance however it can also modulate abiotic AS responses these neonicotinoids effect a similar global transcriptional response to that of sa including genes involved in abiotic AS response furthermore similar to sa imi and clo induce SAR resulting in reduced growth of a powdery mildew pathogen the action of clo induces the endogenous synthesis of sa via the sa biosynthetic enzyme ics with ics required for cloinduced accumulation of sa expression of the sa marker pr and fully enhanced resistance to powdery mildew in contrast the action of imi does not induce endogenous synthesis of sa instead imi is further bioactivated to chlorohydroxypyridinylcarboxylic acid which is shown here to be a potent inducer of pr and inhibitor of sasensitive enzymes thus via different mechanisms these chloropyridinyl and chlorothiazolylneonicotinoids induce sa responses associated with enhanced AS tolerance"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1650
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2840",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
987,
990
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "systemic acquired resistance"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2841 | 14516387 | [
{
"id": "2842",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"oculocutaneous albinism oca is characterized by hypopigmentation of the skin hair and eye and by ophthalmologic CA caused by a deficiency in melanin biosynthesis in this T0 we recruited albino patients and screened them for the genes known to cause oculocutaneous albinism oca and oca and OA1 oa our purpose was to detect mutations and genetic frequencies of the main causative genes offering to albino patients an exhaustive diagnostic assessment within a multidisciplinary approach including ophthalmological dermatological audiological and genetic evaluations we report novel mutaght serve different functional purposes"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
622
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2843",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"OA1"
],
"offsets": [
[
289,
292
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "ocular albinism"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2844 | 3446384 | [
{
"id": "2845",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"recent epidemiological interest has focused on separation of neural tube defects ntd into subgroups which may differ pathogenetically and aetiologically for example upper and lower SB in order to validate the use of pathologists lesion descriptions by epidemiologists and others a postal survey of european perinatal pathologists identified by eurocat registries was conducted pathologists were asked anonymously to describe and identify the lesions in photographs of midtrimester termination fetuses there was a response rate even taking into consideration the limitations of dealing with photographs rather than the fetuses themselves there was often marked variation in the descriptions standardisation of terminology and international consensus about the type of detail recorded for ntd are urgently needed"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
810
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2846",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SB"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
183
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "spina bifida"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2847 | 1263399 | [
{
"id": "2848",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"fourteen patients with monosymptomatic delusions of infestation were followedup months after treatment with pimozide was terminated seven patients had remained in remission since the treatment three had developed relapses but were without PS with intermittent treatment four patients responded poorly to pimozide and had still symptoms at the followup the study indicates that a C1 proportion of patients with monosymptomatic delusions of infestation treated with PIM will be able to discontinue the medication for years without recurrence of their delusions"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
558
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2849",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PIM"
],
"offsets": [
[
464,
467
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "pimozide"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2850 | 2774965 | [
{
"id": "2851",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the effects of monensin a na ionophore on the muscle contraction and the movements of monovalent cations were investigated in rb aorta experiments were conducted in the presence of phentolamine m to avoid the vasoactive effect of monensin due to the PR of endogenous catecholamine both monensin x m and ouabain x m added separately produced a small and slowly developing contraction whereas simultaneous application of these agents produced more rapid and greater contraction verapamil m decreased the contraction by ouabain gradually increased cellular na content MON augmented the ouabaininduced na increase further the loss of cellular na into na deficient solution was enhanced by MON LT degrees c inhibited the monensininduced increase in PNa the EC50 of noradrenalinecontraction induced by a kreadmission was inhibited by ouabain but not by MON these results suggest that MON increases na movement down its electrochemical gradient augments cellular na accumulation when the na pump is inhibited by ouabain and induces muscle contraction and that the contraction induced by MON and ouabain is mainly due to an increased ca influx through Vc CS ca channels"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1161
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2852",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PNa"
],
"offsets": [
[
744,
747
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "na permeability"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2853 | 12007042 | [
{
"id": "2854",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"although of persons with AHC virus hcv infection demonstrate spontaneous clearance the time course and AF associated with clearance remain poorly understood we investigated the time to spontaneous clearance and predictors among participants with acute hcv using cox PH analyses data for this analysis were drawn from an international collaboration of nine prospective cohorts evaluating outcomes after acute hcv infection among participants with acute hcv were female were caucasian had interleukin ilb cc TT rs had injected drugs ever were infected with hcv TT and had human immunodeficiency virus hiv coinfection twentyeight percent were hcv antibody negativerna positive at the time of acute hcv detection early acute hcv during followup spontaneous clearance occurred in of and at year T3 infection confidence interval ci had cleared virus among those with clearance the median time to clearance was weeks iqr with and demonstrating clearance at and months adjusting for age factors independently associated with time to spontaneous clearance included female sex adjusted hazards ratio ahr ci ilb cc genotype versus cttt ahr ci and hcv genotype versus nongenotype ahr ci the effect of ilb TT and hcv genotype on spontaneous clearance was greater among females compared to males"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1281
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2855",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"AHC"
],
"offsets": [
[
25,
28
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "acute hepatitis c"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2856 | 6356217 | [
{
"id": "2857",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the cause of reproductive isolation between biological species is a major issue in the field of biology most explanations of hybrid sterility require either genetic incompatibilities between nascent species or gross physical imbalances between their chromosomes such as rearrangements or ploidy changes an alternative possibility is that genomes become incompatible at a molecular level dependent od in a primary SC in the subsequent culture activated cdcd cells were then mixed with NR in order to assess their suppressor CF preculture of cd t cells with anticd alone resulted in poor survival and minimal induction of suppressor activity preculture in the presence of anticd and il or il but not il il il il or il resulted in proliferation of the cd cells and induction of potent suppressor function inhibition of the interaction of cd or Tc lymphocyteassociated antigen ctla with cdcd in the preculture of cdcd cells did not prevent the induction of suppressor function furthermore the inhibition of costimulatory signals did not inhibit the ability of fresh cd TA to inhibit cd NR under conditions where activation of the NR was independent of cdcd these studies support the view that activation of cd t cells requires ilil for their survivaldifferentiation into effector cells but is independent of cdctlamediated costimulation"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1332
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2858",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"NR"
],
"offsets": [
[
1082,
1084
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "responders"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2859 | 929080 | [
{
"id": "2860",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a lysophospholipasetransacylase was purified to homogeneity from the culture BB of CA by AS precipitation and chromatographs on deaecellulose ultrogel aca first mono q hydroxyapatite tskgel and second mono q columns the purified protein was a single band mr as inferred by sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it had a specific activity of mumolmin per mg protein for fatty acid release and mumolmin per mg protein for phosphatidylcholine formation HFA PR obeyed MM kinetics and the apparent km was microm of palmitoylsnglycerophosphatidylcholine but lineweaverburk plots of MCAT activity was parabolic the ratio of hydrolase to MCAT activity of the purified enzyme was varied depending upon the concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine transacylation was prominent at high concentration of ATP and the ratio of hydrolase to transacylase was low concentration of palmitoylcarnitine microm inhibited markedly phosphatidylcholine formation but stimulated fatty acid PR the DE of acyllysophosphatidylcholine was altered with mixtures of different molecular species of ATP demonstrating acyl chain selectivity in the transfer process these results suggest that c albicans lysophospholipasetransacylase is different from the corresponding rat enzymes in enzymatic properties"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1289
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2861",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"DE"
],
"offsets": [
[
991,
993
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "degree of esterification"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2862 | 6765333 | [
{
"id": "2863",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the first proton transport step following photon absorption in bacteriorhodopsin is from the cis retinal SB to asp configurational and energetic determinants of this step are investigated here by performing QM/MM minimumenergy reactionpath calculations the results suggest that retinal can pump protons when in the cis anti conformation but not when cis syn decomposition of the proton transfer energy profiles for various possible pathways reveals a conflict between the effect of the intrinsic proton affinities of the SB and asp which favors the neutral product state ie with asp protonated with the mainly electrostatic interaction between the protein environment with the reacting partners which favors the ion pair reactant state ie with retinal protonated the ratelimiting protontransfer barrier depends both on the relative orientations of the proton donor and acceptor groups and on the pathway followed by the proton depending on these factors the barrier may arise from breaking and forming of hydrogen bonds involving the SB asp asp and water w and from nonbonded interactions involving protein groups that respond to the charge rearrangements in the schiff base region"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1181
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2864",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SB"
],
"offsets": [
[
1034,
1036
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "schiff base"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2865 | 5387583 | [
{
"id": "2866",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"sphingosine phosphate sp is a plateletderived sphingolipid that elicits numerous biological responses in EC cells mediated by a family of g proteincoupled edg receptors stimulation of edg receptors by sp has been shown to activate the eNOS of nitricoxide synthase enos in rat expression systems igarashi j and michel t j biol chem however the signaling pathways that modulate enos regulation by spedg in vascular EC cells remain less well understood we now report that sp treatment of BAE cells baec acutely increases enos enzyme activity the ec for sp activation of enos is approximately nm the magnitude of enos activation by sp in baec is equivalent to that elicited by the agonist bradykinin sp treatment activates akt a protein kinase implicated in phosphorylation of enos sp treatment of baec leads to enos phosphorylation at ser a residue phosphorylated by akt an enos mutant in which this akt phosphorylation site is inactivated shows att spinduced enos activation spinduced activation both of akt and of enos is inhibited by pertussis toxin by the phosphoinositide kinase WT and by the intracellular calcium chelator bapta bisaminophenoxyethanennnntetraacetic acid by contrast to sp activation of g proteincoupled bradykinin b receptors neither activates kinase akt nor promotes ser enos phosphorylation despite robustly activating enos CEA understanding the differential regulation of protein kinase pathways by sp and BK may lead to the ID of new points for enos regulation in VE cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1496
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2867",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"WT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1081,
1083
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "inhibitor wortmannin"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2868 | 11653418 | [
{
"id": "2869",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"removal of the CE metal from chlorophyll chl molecules is biologically important in terms of production of the primary electron acceptors in photosystemii photosynthetic RCs and the early stage in chl degradation the physicochemical properties on demetalation of chlorophyllous pigments are useful in the understanding of such reaction mechanisms in photosynthetic organisms here we analyzed the demetalation kinetics of a series of znchl derivatives with a systematic variation in the electronwithdrawing and donating substituents at the position of the chlorin macrocycle under acidic conditions to elucidate thoroughly the substitution effects on the demetalation properties of chlorophyllous pigments dehydrogenation of the aliphatic group chch â châch â câ¡ch at the position slowed the removal of the central zinc from the chlorin macrocycle the gradual decrease in the demetalation rate constants of the three zinc chlorins originates from differences in the electronwithdrawing strength of the ethyl vinyl and ethynyl groups directly linked to the chlorin Ï macrocycle reduction of the carbonyl CG significantly increased the demetalation rate constants and the relative ratios of the demetalation rate constants of the zinc chlorins possessing a carbonyl group to those possessing the corresponding OH group were analogous in the cases of formyl and acetylzinc chlorins the demetalation rate constants of the seven znchl derivatives possessing various electronwithdrawing and donating CG exhibited good correlation with the hammett Ï parameters of the position substituents"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1591
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2870",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RCs"
],
"offsets": [
[
170,
173
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "reaction centers"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2871 | 7382434 | [
{
"id": "2872",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"methacrylate ester monomers are used in as artificial nail builders in nail enhancement products they undergo rapid polymerization to form a hard material on the nail that is then shaped while ethyl methacrylate is the primary monomer used in nail enhancement products other methacrylate esters are also used this safety assessment addresses other methacrylate esters reported by industry to be present in small percentages as artificial nail builders in cosmetic products they function to speed up polymerization andor form crosslinks only tetrahydrofurfuryl methacrylate was reported to the fda to be in current use the polymerization rates of these methacrylate esters are within the same range as ethyl methacrylate while data are not available on all of these methacrylate esters the available data demonstrated little acute oral dermal or ip toxicity in a day inhalation study on rats BMA caused upper airway irritation the noael was mgm in a day oral toxicity T0 on rats tbutyl methacrylate had a noael of mgkgday beagle dogs dosed with to gkgday of c to c methacrylate monomers for weeks exhibited effects only in the highest dose group WL emesis diarrhea mucoid feces or salivation were observed BMA m and isobutyl methacrylate m are mildly irritating to the rabbit eye hema is corrosive when instilled in the rabbit eye while peg dimethacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate are minimally irritating to the eye dermal irritation caused by methacrylates is documented in guinea pigs and rabbits in guinea pigs hema isopropylidenediphenyl bisglycidyl methacrylate lauryl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate are strong sensitizers BMA cyclohexyl methacrylate hexyl methacrylate and URE methacrylate are moderate sensitizers hydroxypropyl methacrylate is a weak sensitizer and peg dimethacrylate and TEGDMA are not sensitizers ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was not a sensitizer in one guinea pig T0 but was a strong sensitizer in another there is crossreactivity between various methacrylate esters in some sensitization tests inhaled butyl methacrylate hema hydroxypropyl methacrylate and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate can be developmental toxicants at high exposure levels mgkgday none of the methacrylate ester monomers that were tested were shown to have any endocrine disrupting activity these methacrylate esters are mostly nonmutagenic in bacterial test systems but weak mutagenic responses were seen in rat cell test systems chronic dermal SE of mice to peg dimethacrylate mg x weekly for weeks or trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate mg x weekly for weeks did not result in increased incidence of skin or visceral tumors the carcinogenicity of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate or was assessed in a mouse skin painting T0 microl for daysweek for weeks but was not carcinogenic at any dose level tested the expert panel was concerned about the strong sensitization and crossor coreactivity potential of the methacrylate esters reviewed in this report however data demonstrated the rates of polymerization of these methacrylates were similar to that of ethyl methacrylate and there would be little monomer available SE to the skin in consideration of the animal toxicity data the cir expert panel decided that these methacrylate esters should be restricted to the nail and must not be in contact with the skin accordingly these methacrylate esters are safe as used in nail enhancement products when skin contact is avoided"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
3464
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2873",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"TEGDMA"
],
"offsets": [
[
1831,
1837
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "triethylene glycol dimethacrylate"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2874 | 6083883 | [
{
"id": "2875",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"this study examined the effects of rb RT CN factoralpha rbtnf administration on metabolic and hormonal responses and lactational performance in dairy cows twelve lactating holstein cows were injected subcutaneously with rbtnf microg per kg per d or saline ml per head per d at h daily for d d and used in a crossover design the rbtnf treatment induced increases in plasma HPT nonesterified fatty acid cortisol and growth hormone C2 compared with the control levels the rbtnftreated cows had lower triiodothyronine and insulinlike growth factor concentrations than control cows in a somatoliberin challenge on d the somatotropin response to somatoliberin microgkg was smaller in the rbtnf group than in the control the rbtnf treatment also produced increases of the NOx concentration in plasma and milk during the period between d and milk yield was reduced by rbtnf administration from d to the percentage of MF was increased on d by rbtnf treatment but milk protein content in the rbtnf group was decreased on d and as compared with that in the control group these results support the possibility that RT CN factoralpha is responsible for the changes in hormone secretion milk production and composition and inflammatory parameters observed during coliform mastitis"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1266
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2876",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"NOx"
],
"offsets": [
[
765,
768
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "nitrite plus nitrate"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2877 | 4886173 | [
{
"id": "2878",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"poultry litter usage in horticultural crop production is a contributor to nuisance fly populations in particular SD flies stomoxys calcitrans l and house flies musca domestica l extrapolation of AD emergence data suggests that approximately million house flies and million stable flies are emerging on average from every hectare of PL applied as a preplant fertilizer for vegetable production in perth western australia to a lesser extent sideband applications to established crops may allow for the development of million house flies and SD flies per hectare however up to million house flies million lesser house flies fannia cannicularis l and SD flies per hectare may be produced from surface dressings of poultry litter associated with turf production other nuisance flies present in poultry litter included the false SD fly muscina stabulans fallén bluebodied blowfly calliphora dubia hardy black carrion fly hydrotaea rostrata robineaudesvoidy australian sheep blowfly lucilia cuprina wiedemann and flesh flies sarcophagidae only house flies developed in poultry litter for the first d after application in the field stable flies were not present in PL until d after application and were the only fly species developing in litter d after application"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1257
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2879",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PL"
],
"offsets": [
[
1158,
1160
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "poultry litter"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2880 | 7244784 | [
{
"id": "2881",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"several communities in nigeria exist without regular water supplies of good SQ and quantity despite this situation successive governments have tended to ignore the problem the water supplies to two rural communities km north of calabar cross river state of nigeria were examined bacteriologically using standard indicator bacteria coliforms and streptococci a contiguous community supplied with treated piped water was also studied in parallel the rural water supplied was found to be bacteriologically unsatisfactory having failed to meet the international standards for drinking water as set by the who the geometric mean bacterial counts per ml of serial samples from six sources ranged from x to x for fecal coliforms e col and x to x for the FS fecal streptococci were particularly recovered in large numbers from one source ayip asikimangfuk at concentrations of up to x per ml at the onset of the rains the water supplies from the community with piped water were in general bacteriologically satisfactory fecal coliforms were found only in occasional samples x ml"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1070
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2882",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"FS"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
749
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "fecal streptococci"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2883 | 13483387 | [
{
"id": "2884",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"ST modifications of postsynaptic responses to pairedpulse stimulation depend not only on presynaptic facilitation ipsp generated immediately T3 epsp in response to the S1 is superimposed to synaptic facilitation decreasing ppf at the shortest interpulse intervals or even producing PP depression this effect can be used to measure the efficacy of inhibitory transmission specifically in the HPC ca area comparison of PPR was performed by different methods for the better SE of gabaa ipsp involvement into ca field potentials of the rat HPC slices PP stimuli were delivered with the set of different stimulus intensity and two interpulse intervals and ms ppf changes in accordance with exponential decrease of presynaptic residual calcium were observed mainly at low stimuli intensities but more intensive activation suppressed ppf relative to ppf sometimes up to PP depression the difference of the second in pair amplitudes aa upon CS- intensity corresponded to linear function with a negative slope the negativity disappeared T3 BIC treatment suggesting the involvement of gabaa inhibition therefore individual gradients of these functions can be considered as the coefficients of inhibition to measure its modifications in online regime"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1239
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2885",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PPR"
],
"offsets": [
[
417,
420
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "pairedpulse ratio"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2886 | 10967714 | [
{
"id": "2887",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"ars is a component of the CBC that contributes to microrna biogenesis and is required for cellular proliferation here we expand on the repertoire of arsdependent micrornas and determine that ars regulates a number of mrnas the largest defined subset of which code for histones histone mrnas are unique among rat mrnas because they are not normally polyadenylated but rather are cleaved following a stem loop a significant reduction in correctly processed histone mrnas was observed following ars depletion concurrent with an increase in polyadenylated histone transcripts furthermore ars physically associated with histone mrnas and the noncoding rna sk knockdown of sk led to an enhanced ratio of cleaved to polyadenylated histone transcripts an effect dependent on ars together the data demonstrate that ars contributes to histone mrna end formation and expression and these functional properties of ars are negatively regulated by interaction with sk rna"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
957
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2888",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CBC"
],
"offsets": [
[
26,
29
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "nuclear capbinding complex"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2889 | 5122596 | [
{
"id": "2890",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"sufficient skin dose needs to be delivered by a radiotherapy CW treatment regimen to ensure the probability of a near surface tumor recurrence is minimized to simulate a CW treatment a hemicylindrical solid water phantom of cm radius was irradiated with mv xrays using x cm and x cm fields at cm source surface distance ssd to the base of the phantom a surface dose profile was obtained from to degrees in degrees increments around the circumference of the phantom dosimetry results obtained from RCF ERP depth of mm were used in the investigation the superficial doses were found to be of dmax at the degrees beam entry position and at the degrees oblique beam position SF dose results were also obtained using extra thin thermoluminescent dosimeters tld ERP depth mm of at degrees at degrees and a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor mosfet detector ERP depth mm of at degrees at degrees because the differences in measured SF doses were significant and beyond those related to experimental error these differences are assumed to be mostly attributable to the ERP depth of measurement of each detector we numerically simulated a bolus onbolus off technique and found we could increase the coverage to the skin using an alternate bolus on bolus off regimen the skin would receive gy at degrees incidence and gy at degrees incidence for a prescribed midpoint dose of gy from this work it is evident that as the circumference of the phantom is traversed the ssd increases and hence there is an inverse square fluence falloff this is more than offset by the increase in skin dose due to surface curvature to a plateau at about degrees beyond this angle it is assumed that beam attenuation through the phantom and inverse square falloff is causing the surface dose to reduce"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1785
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2891",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RCF"
],
"offsets": [
[
497,
500
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "radiochromic film"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2892 | 13856498 | [
{
"id": "2893",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in rural india dental diseases occur due to many factors which includes inadequate or improper use of fluoride and a lack of knowledge regarding oral health and oral hygiene which prevent proper screening and dental care of oral diseases the objective of the study was to evaluate the dental attendance awareness and utilization of PDS in public health center"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
359
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2894",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PDS"
],
"offsets": [
[
332,
335
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "dental services"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2895 | 2032292 | [
{
"id": "2896",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"given the increasing evidence that headdirected antibodies can impair IVF as well as play a role in the impaired entry of sperm into CM our findings provide strong support for the direct analysis of immunoglobulins bound to the sperm surface rather than by indirect analysis through the T0 of seminal fluid"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
306
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2897",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"IVF"
],
"offsets": [
[
70,
73
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "fertilization in vitro"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2898 | 5679509 | [
{
"id": "2899",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the following care study aims to explore the effects of woundrelated pain on a patient with leg ulceration the study illustrates current deficits within the authors clinical area a DH for elderly people in relation to how both a patients pain and quality of life are measured it suggests means by which this could be overcome eg by the use of appropriate pain and quality of life pain measurement scales the case T0 also highlights the hospitalcommunity divide with reference to communication and the exchange of information relating to a patients pain it advocates optimizing interdisciplinary team communication and discusses how developing closer working relationships and improving education can play a part in enhancing communication while this case T0 is concerned with an individual patient it aims to demonstrate that the problems identified and the resulting indications for clinical practice will promote an increasingly holistic view of the patient and benefit all future patients with leg ulceration"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1011
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2900",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"DH"
],
"offsets": [
[
181,
183
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "day hospital"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2901 | 13070619 | [
{
"id": "2902",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"challenges of relational coping are well documented in the literature on couples and chronic illnesses but there is significantly less research on the psychological aspects of couple relationships and hiv particularly in international contexts coping a commonly used measure that quantifies the public health impact of an exposure on an outcome it was originally defined for binary outcomes but an extension has recently been proposed for rightcensored survival time outcomes the socalled AF function a MLE of the AF function has been developed which requires a model for the outcome in this paper we derive a doubly robust estimator of the attributable fraction CF this estimator requires one MM for the outcome and one joint MM for the SE and censoring the estimator is consistent if either MM is correct not necessarily both"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
827
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2903",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MLE"
],
"offsets": [
[
503,
506
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "maximum likelihood estimator"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2904 | 15329377 | [
{
"id": "2905",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"G0 HR rate R2 hrv is a psychophysiological marker that has gained increasing research interest in particular in developmental neuroscience hrv has been shown to be associated with mental and physical health beyond simple measures of heart rate hr and shows inter and intraindividual variance across aging recently three studies reported on a positive correlation between resting state hrv and CT in selected regions of interest rois in AD samples structural thickness hrv and hr change during the sensitive period of adolescence previously no T0 has addressed the structural concomitants of resting hr and hrv in adolescents CT t mri hr and hrv were recorded in healthy female adolescents mean age years sd range in L1 with existing research in adults cortical thickness in a number of rois was associated with resting state hrv but not hr the comparison of regression analyses using the bayes factor revealed evidence for a rho between hrv and CT of the BL rostral ACC however unlike in adults greater CT was associated with reduced hrv in female adolescents analyses on hr showed no superior MM fit results suggest that greater hrv might be beneficial for cortical OD during adolescence cortical thinning on the other hand cortical OD might determine changes in ANS CF in adolescents future studies are needed to replicate these findings in larger samples including boys and to test these hypotheses in longitudinal designs"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1425
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2906",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ACC"
],
"offsets": [
[
966,
969
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "anterior cingulate cortex"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2907 | 11810368 | [
{
"id": "2908",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"elevated RHR is known to be detrimental to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular disease though its effect in patients with IS is unclear we analyzed the effect of baseline resting heart rate on myocardial infarction mi in patients with a recent noncardioembolic cerebral ischemic event participating in perform"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
315
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2909",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RHR"
],
"offsets": [
[
9,
12
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "resting heart rate"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2910 | 22243 | [
{
"id": "2911",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"routine laboratory CA revealed that the potency of concentrated rabies vaccine of chick embryo CC cec origin was in the same level compared with SMB smb vaccine over one hundred persons received two doses of cec vaccine at an interval of one week and produced high level of NT antibody against rabies virus the monkeys experimentally infected with SRV were satisfactorily protected by subcutaneous inoculation with cec vaccine one hour after SE eight persons bitten by dogs known to have rabies or suspected of it survived T3 postexposure treatment with cec vaccine"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
565
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2912",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SMB"
],
"offsets": [
[
145,
148
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "suckling mouse brain"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2913 | 13490466 | [
{
"id": "2914",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the purpose of osteoarthrosis treatment is to improve patients pain and SQ of life nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are the first choice but their effectiveness is questionable due to the risk of secondary gastric disease and renal failure intraarticular drugs are a safe and effective alternative to improve PS and CF they may delay surgery but we dont know if they are disease modifying our objective was to compare knee function and pain in OA until treatment is finished our hypothesis is that there is no difference in the results of both CG"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
549
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2915",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"OA"
],
"offsets": [
[
447,
449
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "patients with osteoarthrosis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2916 | 4587905 | [
{
"id": "2917",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in our previous T0 we demonstrated that chronic ethanol etoh exposure downregulated the cannabinoid receptors cb in mouse BB synaptic plasma membrane spm basavarajappa et al brain res in the present study we investigated the effect of chronic etoh day inhalation on the B6 agonist stimulated guanosineosthiotriphosphate sgtp gamma s binding in spm from mouse our results indicate that the net cp stimulated sgtp gamma s binding was increased with increasing concentrations of cp and gdp this net cp microm stimulated sgtp gamma s IB was reduced significantly in spm from chronic etoh group control etoh p this effect occurs without any significant changes on basal sgtp gamma s IB for control fmolmg protein for chronic etoh group p nonlinear SRA of net cp stimulated sgtp gamma s binding in spm showed that the bmax of cannabinoid stimulated IB was significantly reduced in chronic etoh exposed mouse bmax for control pmolmg protein for etoh group p without any significant changes in the gprotein affinity kd for control nm for etoh group p the pharmacological specificity of cp stimulated sgtp gamma s IB in spm was examined with cb receptor antagonist sra and these studies indicated that cp stimulated sgtp gamma s IB was blocked by sra with a decrease p in the ic values in the spm from chron a series of dissemination intervention strategies targeted at school districts in texas informed by SCT the MI provided opportunities for districts to learn about and MM themselves after successful school districts that had adopted the program and to see the potential for social reinforcement through the knowledge that the program had the potential to have an important influence on students lives the proportion of districts in the intervention condition that adopted the program was significantly greater than in the comparison condition p stepwise LR indicated that the variables most closely related to adoption among intervention districts were teacher attitudes toward the innovation and organizational considerations of administrators recommendations for the development of ERP strategies for the DWI of innovations are presented"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2137
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2918",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SCT"
],
"offsets": [
[
1399,
1402
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "social cognitive theory"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2919 | 11697765 | [
{
"id": "2920",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"idiopathic subglottic stenosis is a narrowing of the tr at the level of the cricoid cartilage of unknown etiology it is a rare condition for which the real incidence has never been established owing to the difficulty of making the diagnosis although there is a female preponderance no familial cases have been reported in the literature we describe two pairs of sisters as well as a mother and daughter presenting with idiopathic SGS all known causes of tracheal stenosis were excluded including prolonged intubation surgery autoimmune and inflammatory disorders infection and GE reflux disease these are the first cases reported in the literature that suggest a genetic predisposition for idiopathic SGS"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
704
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2921",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SGS"
],
"offsets": [
[
430,
433
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "subglottic stenosis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2922 | 3016286 | [
{
"id": "2923",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"purified glycosyl phosphatidyl inositol gpianchored cell surface proteins can be reincorporated spontaneously into the cell membrane by incubating the cells with these proteins this unique property provides a novel way of introducing cell surface receptors on live cell membranes without the use of gene transfection since any CP transmembrane cell surface protein can be converted to a gpi anchored protein by recombinant techniques this method provides a means of studying ectodomain associated receptor functions on various cell types moreover in some circumstances it can be used to correct deficient cellular functions resulting from lack of cell surface protein expression using gpianchored CD16 cdb a LA fc gamma receptor we have systematically studied the optimal conditions for reconstitution of a functional receptor on NCs cdb is purified to homogeneity from neutrophil lysates by single step IAC the purified cdb is functionally AS as evidenced by its ability to bind igg opsonized erythrocytes cdb incorporation on nucleated cells is temperature dependent with an optimum of degrees c the level of expression of incorporated cdb is also depend on the concentration of cdb available and the duration of incubation the incorporated cdb retains its ability to bind ligand and also mediates endocytosis of the bound ligand in summary our results demonstrate that purified functionally AS gpianchored receptors can be expressed on desired cells in a controlled manner and retain some PET properties"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1506
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2924",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CD16"
],
"offsets": [
[
697,
701
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "fc gamma receptor iii"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2925 | 663580 | [
{
"id": "2926",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a micropuncture technique involving the use of microcannulas with tip diameters less than microns was used to measure the pressure in SC and in the meshwork at distances approximately and microns from the inner wall of SC in one set of experiments where the spontaneous intraocular pressure iop was cmho and the schlemms canal pressure psc was cmho the pressure at microns from the inner wall of schlemms canal was found to be cmho and at a distance of microns cmhothat is and cmho respectively higher than the psc in another set of experiments the spontaneous iop and psc were also measured and then the iop was increased by means of an external reservoir and measured once again spontaneous iop was cmho and the psc was cmho before the iop was increased T3 the iop was increased to cmho the psc was cmho when the microcannula was introduced into the juxtacanalicular tissue to locations at about and microns from the inner wall of SC the pressure measured at microns was and at microns it was cmhothat is and cmho respectively higher than the psc the results indicate that at the spontaneous iop about of the resistance between the AC and SC is located within microns from the canal with some being located within the region and microns from the canal T3 a small increase in iop the tissue causing most of the or became relocated to a region within microns from the canal"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1373
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2927",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"or"
],
"offsets": [
[
1312,
1314
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "outflow resistance"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2928 | 1998403 | [
{
"id": "2929",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the immediate and early effects of CAR initiated and hours T3 CAO were evaluated by 2DE measurements of overall and regional left VVI CF a total of anesthetized open chest dogs underwent one of the following hour occlusion followed by reperfusion group i n hour occlusion followed by reperfusion group ii n or hour occlusion without reperfusion group iii n serial twodimensional echocardiography was performed at baseline at and hours of coronary occlusion within minutes of reperfusion and at hours of reperfusion T3 occlusion all CG manifested significant p less than increases in left VVI diastolic and systolic area and decreases in left ventricular area ejection fraction with coronary reperfusion there was no improvement in these global variables in groups i and ii however immediately T3 reperfusion there was improvement in the regional extent of dysfunction group i to degrees p less than group ii to degrees p less than as well as improvement in the regional degree of dyskinesia p less than these regional improvements were transient and resolved by hours of coronary reperfusion this immediate rebound of function was not associated with the duration of CO hemodynamic variables or ultimate IS thus in the anesthetized open chest dog model PD reperfusion at or hours produces an immediate but transient improvement in regional systolic myocardial CF"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1362
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2930",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CAR"
],
"offsets": [
[
35,
38
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "coronary artery reperfusion"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2931 | 9749196 | [
{
"id": "2932",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"hypogonadotropic hypogonadism hh secondary to hypothalamic gonadotropinreleasing hormone deficiency is a notable feature of a number of rare syndromes where unlike idiopathic isolated hh other endocrinopathies may also be apparent the presence of a particular spectrum of clinical features in addition to hh may suggest a particular underlying diagnosis placing the diagnosis of hh into that context will then have important implications in terms of management and predicting LT functional outcome in some instances establishing the genetic basis of a particular syndrome or disorder has T3 the understanding of normal HPG function eg lep deficiency dax and charge syndrome whilst in other disorders much has still to be learnt eg bardetbiedl and PWS in this chapter the above syndromes where hh is a feature in most or all affected individuals will be discussed recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the hh will be highlighted and management options presented longer term therapy with sex steroid replacement is becoming even more important if improvements in life expectancy are to be matched by improvements in quality of life"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1154
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2933",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PWS"
],
"offsets": [
[
747,
750
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "praderwilli syndrome"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2934 | 2400277 | [
{
"id": "2935",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a patient with LPP is reported initial pathologic and immunopathologic DUE was consistent with coexisting BP and lichen planus however further immunologic evaluation suggested that the circulating antibody was not directed toward bullous pemphigoid antigen but another basement membrane zone antigen this finding indicates a need for immunologic reevaluation of LPP"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
365
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2936",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"LPP"
],
"offsets": [
[
362,
365
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "lichen planus pemphigoides"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2937 | 466851 | [
{
"id": "2938",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"isolated rabbit NF were perfused according to langendorff the bilateral sympathetic nerve supply to the organ was stimulated at intervals and the overflow of noradrenaline and of prostaglandins of the e series in the effluent was assayed using fluorimetric and bioassay methods respectively the synthesis of prostaglandins in the organ was stimulated either by perfusing the HR at a low po or by infusing nicotinic acid hypoxia increased the CF provided the prostaglandin synthesis was not inhibited probably as a consequence of hypoxia stimulation was however unaffected by hypoxia nicotinic acid also stimulated prostaglandin formation doubling the overflow of the lipid in response to nerve stimulation in this series too the release of na induced by nerve stimulation was unaffected by stimulation of prostaglandin synthesis it is concluded that local variations in the rate of prostaglandin synthesis are unable to change the degree to which the PR of sympathetic neurotransmitter is inhibited furthermore it is suggested that the prostaglandin synthesis in rb HR takes place in compartments separated functionally or morphologically"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1138
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2939",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"CF"
],
"offsets": [
[
442,
444
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "coronary flow"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2940 | 3702068 | [
{
"id": "2941",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"TPS oligonucleotide probes were used to isolate a cdna clone for the mitochondrial ISP of the green alga chlamydomonas reinhardtii the protein is synthesized as a longer precursor with a cleavable NT presequence of amino acids but without a cterminal extension comparison of the predicted AA structure of this NT CS with that of the targeting signal of the chloroplast rieske protein from c reinhardtii de vitry j biol chem indicates that although they both have the potential to form amphiphilic alpha helices the mitochondrial presequence may form a more hydrophobic helix that could penetrate deeper into the membrane the NT part of the mature mitochondrial rieske protein is characterized by a long strongly hydrophilic nterminal domain and by a positive charge in the middle of the hydrophobic stretch that is presumed to interact with the bc complex thus the protein from c reinhardtii differs from the rieske proteins from mammals or fungi"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
946
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2942",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ISP"
],
"offsets": [
[
83,
86
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "rieske ironsulfur protein"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2943 | 71003 | [
{
"id": "2944",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"adenosine triphosphatase activity not dependent on sodium or potassium but inhibited by thiocyanate is present in brokencell homogenates of eel gill and rat kidney this enzymatic property is predominantly associated with mitochondria although thiocyanateinhibited atpase can also be detected in microsomes with little or no mitochondrial contamination as measured by the activity of the mitochondrial marker enzyme succinic dehydrogenase when eels are transferred from fresh to salf water thus increasing AS outward transport of chloride across the gill the thiocyanateinhibited atpase of gill microsomes does not NC though the activities of SDH and nakatpase in gill homogenates are augmented the thiocyanateinhibited atpase of homogenates of outer renal medulla does not differ from that of renal SC in contrast to nakatpase which is higher in renal medulla than in SC the data do not support a role for thiocyanateinhibited atpase in active chloride transport by epithelial tissues"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
984
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2945",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SDH"
],
"offsets": [
[
642,
645
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "succinic dehydrogenase"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2946 | 10290033 | [
{
"id": "2947",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia avnrt is the most common supraventricular ART ablation of the SP is the treatment of choice for recurrent episodes despite adequate medical therapy we present an uncommon case of avnrt ablation using a superior VC RPA in a patient with bilateral common femoral vein occlusion this approach appears to be a safe alternative in patients with an absence of an inferior A-V access"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
421
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2948",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"SP"
],
"offsets": [
[
107,
109
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "slow pathway"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2949 | 9313897 | [
{
"id": "2950",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in hematopoietic stem cell SPK hsct recipients the recognition of polymorphic antigens by the donorderived immune system is an important mechanism underlying both graftversushost disease and graftversusleukemia gvl effect here we show that a subset of hsct recipients n have antibodies directed to surface molecules of dendritic cells we have used one such SS in conjunction with retroviral expression cloning to identify the CA surface molecule ILT ilt as one of the targets of dendritic cellreactive antibodies ilt reactive antibodies were found in of hsct patients but not in solid organ transplantation recipients patients with collagen diseases multiparous women or polytransfused or HP we show that iltspecific antibodies can mediate killing of iltbearing cells and furthermore demonstrate ilt expression in some leukemic cells indicating that it might be a target for gvl effects thus our results represent the first description of potent allogeneic antibody responses to a nonmajor DLA cell surface molecule in hematopoietic stem cell transplanted patients and warrant further studies to elucidate the role of antibodies to polymorphic cell surface molecules in gvl and graftversushost responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1203
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2951",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"ILT"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
449
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "immunoglobulinlike transcript"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2952 | 4111828 | [
{
"id": "2953",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"antitumor effects of agents known to intervene with signal transduction pathways ras and protein kinase c cascades were examined in the b melanoma cell model the EDC examined included lovastatin an inhibitor of hmgcoa reductase which interferes with membrane localization of p ras protein h a classic inhibitor of protein kinase c and TR a gtp depleting agent that might affect the gtpgdp ratio on pras the three agents were found to inhibit the proliferation of b melanoma cells only tiazofurin as expected induced a significant decrease in gtp levels lovastatin and h altered p subcellular localization they reduced membrane expression of p ras while increasing its expression in the cytosol following tiazofurin treatment a trend towards increased membranal p was observed these results suggest that p is a target for the action of ST inhibitors however the relationship between growth inhibition and altered p expression is not yet clear"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
941
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2954",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"TR"
],
"offsets": [
[
335,
337
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "tiazofurin"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2955 | 6340661 | [
{
"id": "2956",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the mechanism underlying temperaturedependent shortening of action potential ap duration was examined in the fish carassius carassius l HR IVT acute temperature change from to degrees c HS shortened ap duration from to s in intact ventricles in of of enzymatically isolated myocytes HS also induced reversible opening of atpsensitive k channels and increased their singlechannel conductance from ps at degrees c to ps at degrees c q p n the atpsensitive k channels of the crucian carp ventricle were characterized by very LA to atp both at degrees c concentration of trisatp that produces halfmaximal inhibition of the channel k mm and degrees c k mm although acute heat stress induced atpsensitive k current ikatp in patchclamped myocytes similar HS did not cause any glibenclamide micromsensitive changes in ap duration in multicellular ventricular preparations examination of aps and k currents from the same myocytes by alternate recording under currentclamp and voltageclamp modes revealed that changes in ap duration were closely correlated with temperaturespecific changes in the voltagedependent rectification of the background Kir current ik in approximately of myocytes out of ikatpdependent shortening of ap followed the ikinduced ap shortening thus heat stressinduced shortening of ap duration in crucian carp IVT is primarily dependent on ik ikatp is induced only in response to prolonged temperature elevation or perhaps in the presence of additional stressors"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1474
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2957",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"Kir"
],
"offsets": [
[
1136,
1139
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "inward rectifier k"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2958 | 6170004 | [
{
"id": "2959",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"OP fractures are a common problem and associated with significant morbidity mortality and costs there is now increasing evidence that patients with coeliac disease are at an increased risk of OP fracture with the advent of new therapeutic agents to reduce the risk of fracture it is important to identify people at highest risk the best predictors of future fracture include a previous OP fracture low BD AS inflammatory bowel disease the use of OCS and an increased risk of falling"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
482
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2960",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"OCS"
],
"offsets": [
[
446,
449
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "oral corticosteroids"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2961 | 4435129 | [
{
"id": "2962",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"in this T0 we undertook to provide evidence for local in vivo isotype switching to ige following nasal challenges detection of deleted switch circular dna switch circles by a novel nested polymerase chain reactionbased RPA was employed as definitive molecular evidence of ig isotype switching nasal challenge in humans with DE particles dep plus RW antigen has been shown to enhance local ige production stimulate local cytokine production and markedly increase mucosal ige antibody to ragweed four days T3 combined intranasal dep plus RW challenge we detected and characterized clones of deleted switch circular dna sepsilon smu representing switching from mu to epsilon from nasal lavage cells no switch circular dna was detected in nasal lavage cells following challenge with dep alone nor with ragweed allergen alone these results indicate that the combination of mucosal stimulation with dep and RW allergen is capable of driving in vivo isotype switching to ige in humans with RW allergy these results are the first direct demonstration of in vivo ige isotype switching in humans"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1085
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2963",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"RW"
],
"offsets": [
[
983,
985
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "ragweed"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2964 | 11196551 | [
{
"id": "2965",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"this study aims to investigate the relationship between the protective effects of melatonin in pancreas and the expression of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum caatpase serca and naca exchanger ncx in rats with acute NP anp to verify whether melatonin ameliorates anp by alleviating calcium overload"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
292
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2966",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"NP"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
212
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "necrotizing pancreatitis"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2967 | 3481606 | [
{
"id": "2968",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"colonyforming units or cells in suspension of oral anaerobic spirochetes Td treponema vincentii and treponema socranskii bind hemin and congo red hemin or congo red binds to a hydrophobic polypeptide receptor that is located in the outer membrane of the bacterial cells and it has a M(r) of kda these oral spirochetes also lyse sheep erythrocytes to produce betahemolytic zones around colonyforming units the oral spirochetes may acquire iron for growth when they lyse erythrocytes and bind heme from which they may sequester and transport iron into the cells"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
559
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2969",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"Td"
],
"offsets": [
[
73,
75
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "treponema denticola"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2970 | 8042931 | [
{
"id": "2971",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"HD hd is an autosomal dominant neurological disorder with degeneration amongst others affecting the basal ganglia dopaminergic system recent findings suggest compensatory as well as pathogenetic mechanisms mediated via the adenosine receptor system in the presymptomatic stage phd of hd the adenosine receptor system is functionally related to the DA system in this study we assessed error processing a dopaminedependent cognitive function using an eventrelated potential the Ne neern in phd and controls this was done by means of a flanker task the ne consists of a cognitive and a motor component expressed via different frequency bands timefrequency decomposition of the ne into delta and theta subcomponents was applied to assess if degeneration or compensation predominantly involve cognitive or motor processes no parameter of the behavioral data reaction times error frequency corrections posterror slowing differed between the CG a selective increase in the power of the cognitive deltane component was found in phd relative to controls inversely related to the estimated age of ON eao thus the increase in the power of the cognitive deltane component was stronger in phd with an earlier eao an earlier eao implies stronger pathogenetic mechanisms due to the behavioral data our results speak for a solely cognitive compensatingmechanism controlling performance monitoring in phd in contrast correlations with eao suggest that the increase in deltane activity is also related to pathogenesis it is proposed that compensation is a transient effect of the whole pathogenetic dynamics of hd with these two processes not foreclosing each other"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1647
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2972",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"Ne"
],
"offsets": [
[
476,
478
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "error negativity"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2973 | 4714504 | [
{
"id": "2974",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"circulating immune complexes cics isolated from sera of patients with iga nephropathy igan consist of undergalactosylated mostly polymeric and j chaincontaining iga and EA TPS for nacetylgalactosamine galnac residues in olinked glycans of the hinge region of iga HCs antibodies with such specificity occur in sera of igan patients and in smaller quantities in patients with noniga PGN and in healthy controls they are present mainly in the igg predominantly igg subclass and less frequently in the iga isotype their specificity for galnac was determined by CR with iga myeloma proteins with enzymatically removed nacetylneuraminic acid neunac and Gal gal removal of the olinked glycans of iga resulted in significantly decreased reactivity furthermore iga proteins that lack the hinge region with olinked glycans but are otherwise structurally similar to iga did not react with igg or iga antibodies the reformation of isolated and aciddissociated cics was inhibited more effectively by iga lacking neunac and gal than by IN iga immobilized galnac and asialoovine submaxillary mucin rich in olinked glycans were also ERP inhibitors our results suggest that the deficiency of gal in the hinge region of iga molecules results in the generation of antigenic determinants containing galnac residues that are recognized by naturally occurring igg and iga antibodies"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1360
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2975",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"EA"
],
"offsets": [
[
169,
171
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "igg antibodies"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2976 | 2104177 | [
{
"id": "2977",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the role of the substantia nigra pars reticulata snpr has been studied in the headfree monkey during orienting behaviour in response to visual instruction signals triggering head positioning and conditioned arm movement during the behavioural responses we recorded the electromyographic activities of neck muscles and TB head movement horizontal electrooculogram and single unit activity of snpr neurons activity of neurons located in the medial part of snpr were analysed during the visuomotor task forty percent of these units showed a moderate decrease in tonic FR during postural preparation preceding the orientation toward eccentric visual signal this decrease unrelated with saccadic eye movements per se was followed by a marked pause observed when the rewarded stimulus was switched on and the conditioned arm movement was executed to get the reward these data suggest that the pause in discharge of these snpr neurons are time locked with behaviourally relevant visual stimuli andor appropriate motor responses"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1020
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2978",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"TB"
],
"offsets": [
[
318,
320
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "triceps brachii"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2979 | 2018351 | [
{
"id": "2980",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"research into the role of the catecholamines has often depended on the reliable determination of plasma catecholamine concentrations which present a challenge since they are normally in the low pgml range most methods employ liquid chromatography with variations in sample preparation the separation mechanism and PCD we tested a new approach to sample cleanup using boric acid gel instead of alumina no advantage was found we also compared cationexchange separation with IPC several improvements are possible with the former most notably greater precision better specificity and increased throughput"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
600
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2981",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"IPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
472,
475
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "ionpair chromatography"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2982 | 672408 | [
{
"id": "2983",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"the PCR reaction pcr was used to demonstrate that rabbits had a second cvs or amniocentesis procedure for reasons related to the cytogenetic diagnostic procedure including laboratory failures cases maternal cell contamination cases or mosaic or ambiguous cytogenetic results cases there were no diagnostic errors involving trisomies for chromosomes and for sex chromosome aneuploidies one patient terminated her pregnancy on the basis of nonmosaic xxx in the direct method prior to the availability of results from cultured cells subsequent analysis of the cvs cultures and fetal tissues showed only normal female cells other falsepositive predictions involving nonmosaic aneuploidies n were observed in the direct or culture method but these cases involved rare aneuploidies four cases of tetraploidy two cases of trisomy and one case each of trisomies and this indicates that rare aneuploidies observed in the direct or culture method should be subjected to followup by amniocentesis two cases of unbalanced structural CA detected in the direct method were not confirmed in cultured cvs or amniotic fluid in addition one structural rearrangement was misinterpreted as unbalanced from the direct method leading to pregnancy termination prior to results from cultured cells showing a balanced inherited translocation falsenegative results n were observed only in the direct method including one nonmosaic fetal abnormality trisomy detected by the culture method and seven cases of fetal mosaicism all detected by the SC method mosaicism was observed in per cent of all cases while pseudomosaicism including single trisomic cells was observed in per cent of cases mosaicism was observed with equal frequency in the direct and SC methods but was confirmed as fetal mosaicism more often in cases from the culture method per cent than in cases from the direct method per cent the overall rate of MCC was per cent for the SC method but there was only one case of incorrect sex prediction due to complete MCC which resulted in the birth of a normal maleabstract truncated at words"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
2074
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2984",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"MCC"
],
"offsets": [
[
1999,
2002
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "maternal cell contamination"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2985 | 145149 | [
{
"id": "2986",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"we characterize two assays of total amniotic fluid surfactant that are based on function the surfacetension lowering ability of extracts of amniotic fluid lipid i and the foam stability index test ii i is determined on chloroform extracts of amniotic fluid ii is defined as the highest ethanol volume fraction of an amniotic fluidethanol mixture that will permit a SD foam to form after s of vigorous shaking the relationship of i to DSPC concentrations after osmium tetroxide treatment of the amniotic fluid lipid extract is in the expected theoretical form of a hyperbolic CF the relation between values for ii and DSPC concentrations showed a consistent bias suggesting that components other than DSPC contribute to SD foam formation phosphatidylclycerol concentrations did not appear to account for this bias the relation between i to ii values suggest that both assays measure total surfactant i ii and concentration of disaturated DSPC are all excellent indicators of fetal pulmonary maturity from a practical standpoint the foam stability index test is the most efficient RPA to routine assessment of fetal pulmonary status"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1130
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2987",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"DSPC"
],
"offsets": [
[
434,
438
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "disaturated phosphatidylcholine"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2988 | 15790114 | [
{
"id": "2989",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"FI severely impacts on quality of life causing stigmatization and social exclusion PTN stimulation ptns is one technique used for treatment this SR aims to assess the effectiveness of ptns for the treatment of FI a literature review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and metaanalyses prisma declaration pubmed scopus web of knowledge and pedro databases were searched for both RCTs and cases series the outcome variables were treatment effectiveness severity of incontinence and quality of life all were measured in the short mid and LT after performing both antiinvasive properties this paper describes various sanguinarine anticancer mechanisms including inhibition of erroneouslyactivated signal transduction pathways apoptosis and RT cell proliferation inhibition"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
819
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2990",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"FI"
],
"offsets": [
[
210,
212
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "fecal incontinence"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2991 | 9879064 | [
{
"id": "2992",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"immune defense imposes fitness costs as well as benefits so organisms should optimize not maximize their immune CF through their life cycle we investigated this issue in the red turpentine beetle dendroctonus valens leconte coleoptera curculionidae scolytinae which is a pinekilling invasive beetle in china though it is usually considered as a secondary pest in its native range of north america we hypothesized that pathogen pressure may affect these beetles differently throughout their life history we measured the insects immunocompetence throughout life determining encapsulation ability and phenoloxidase activity in larval stages pupae and adults pupae had the highest encapsulation ability but encapsulation was not different between final instar larvae and adults phenoloxidase po activity was highest in final instar larvae and pupae followed by the second instar larvae and adults total phenoloxidase activity increased significantly from the second instar larval stage to pupae and then decreased in adults although the second instar larvae had the lowest PO activity more than of total po existed in the hemolymph in the form of the active enzyme as compared with pupae in which over of po occurred as a proenzyme both active po and total po were much higher in females than in males though no significant differences were detected between the encapsulation ability of male and female adults this result suggests the existence of a sexual dimorphism of immunocompetence in d valens adults variations in immunocompetence across developmental stages suggest that d valens adopts diverse investment strategies in immunocompetence during different stages potential reasons for variation in immunocompetence among developmental stages and between the sexes of d valens are discussed"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1791
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2993",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PO"
],
"offsets": [
[
1069,
1071
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "phenoloxidase"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2994 | 7639059 | [
{
"id": "2995",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"a new approach using sequential PLE described recently j poerschmann r carlson j chromatogr a was applied to determine lipid markers originating from CE NS cns tissue of cows in heatprocessed sausages these studies are very important in quality control as well as risk assessment studies in the face of the BSE bse crisis diagnostic cns lipid markers which should not be present in meat products without cns addition were recognized on complete transesterification as polar hydroxyfatty acids oh oh oh oh shorthand designation as well as oddnumbered nonbranched fatty acids beyond c an array of other fatty acids including lignoceric acid nervonic acid arachidonic acid and PUFA ncsurrogates are strongly related to cns lipids but occur as traces in meat products without cns addition as well thus reducing their value as diagnostic markers samples including meat products without cns addition meat with cns addition as well as pure cns homogenates were subjected to sequential ple PLE consisting of two steps nhexaneacetone vv extraction at degrees c to remove neutral lipids followed by chloroformmethanol vv extraction at degrees c to isolate polar cns lipids two min ple cycles each to enhance the fractionation efficiency cyanopropyl modified Si as well as chemically not modified Si sorbent was used at the outlet of the ple cartridge to retard polar lipids in the first SE step this method proved superior to widely distributed exhaustive lipid SE followed by solidphase extraction spe using Si regarding lipid recoveries and clearcut boundaries between lipid classes methodological studies showed that the alcoholysis using trimethylchlorosilanemethanol vv is an excellent method for the CR transesterification of lipids and quantitative formation of methyl esters"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
1772
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2996",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"PLE"
],
"offsets": [
[
32,
35
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "pressurized liquid extraction"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |
2997 | 7822617 | [
{
"id": "2998",
"type": "PubMed abstract",
"text": [
"most epidemiologic studies have shown STG to be associated with colorectal adenoma however whether the association can be modified by smoking is unknown we crosssectionally investigated the association of STG with the risk of adenoma by smoking status"
],
"offsets": [
[
0,
251
]
]
}
] | [
{
"id": "2999",
"type": "abbreviation",
"text": [
"STG"
],
"offsets": [
[
38,
41
]
],
"normalized": [
{
"db_name": "medal",
"db_id": "serum triglycerides"
}
]
}
] | [] | [] | [] |