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[ { "id": "2101", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the replica exchange molecular dynamics remd method has emerged as a standard approach for simulating proteins and MMP with rugged underlying free energy landscapes we describe an extension to the original methodologyhere termed umbrellasampling remd uremdthat offers specific advantages in simulating peptidepeptide interactions this method is based on the use of two dimensions in the replica cascade one in temperature as in conventional remd and one in an umbrella sampling coordinate between the CM of the two MMP that aids explicit exploration of the CR associationdissociation reaction coordinate to mitigate the increased number of replicas required we pursue an RPA in which the temperature and umbrella dimensions are linked at only fully associated and dissociated states coupled with the reweighting equations the uremd method aids accurate calculations of normalized free energy profiles and structural or energetic measures as a function of interpeptide separation distance we test the RPA on two families of peptides a series of designed tetrapeptides that serve as minimal models for amyloid fibril formation and a fragment of a classic leucine zipper peptide and its mutant the results for these systems are compared to those from conventional remd simulations and demonstrate good convergence properties low statistical PE and for the leucine zippers an ability to sample nearnative structures" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1411 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2102", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "center of mass" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2104", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the aim of this study was to determine the S2 frequency of the GS gys mutation associated with PSSM type in the austrian noriker horse furthermore we examined the influence of population substructures on the allele distribution the T0 was based upon a comprehensive population sample breeding stallions and mares and a CR cohort of unselected F1 from the year foals the mean proportion of gys carrier animals in the foal cohort was ranging from to according to population substructures based on coat colours in mature breeding horses the mutation carrier frequency reached ranging on a wider scale from to within genetic substructures we could show that the occurrence of the mutated gys S2 is influenced by coat colour genetic bottlenecks and assortative rotating and random mating strategies highest gys carrier frequencies were observed in the chestnut sample comprising in foals in mares and in breeding stallions the mean inbreeding of homozygous carrier animals reached whereas noncarrier horses were characterized by an inbreeding coefficient of lowest gys carrier frequencies were observed in the leopard spotted noriker subpopulation here the mean carrier frequency reached in foals in mares and in stallions and inbreeding decreased from in homozygous noncarrier horses to in heterozygous horses and in homozygous carriers this T0 illustrates that lineage breeding and specified mating strategies result in genetic substructures which affect the frequencies of the gys gene mutation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1492 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2105", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PSSM" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 99 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "polysaccharide storage myopathy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2107", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "ntkl nterminal kinaselike protein encodes an evolutionarily conserved kinaselike protein and is mapped around chromosomal breakpoints found in several carcinomas suggesting that ntkl dysfunction may be involved in carcinogenesis recently we identified a novel mouse gene mntklbp ntklbinding protein encoding a protein interacting with ntkl for further T0 a new human gene hntklbp which is highly homologous with mntklbp was used as bait in yeast twohybrid system hpirh human pinduced ringh protein was identified as hntklbp HIP the specific interaction of two proteins was confirmed by pulldown CA in vitro and coimmunoprecipitation in vivo moreover an immunofluorescent staining assay showed that hntklbp colocalizes with hpirh in smmc cells it will stimulate further investigation into whether hntklbp is the substrate of hpirh or interaction of hntklbp with hpirh enhances or represses the ubiquitinprotein ligase activity of hpirh" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 934 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2108", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HIP" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 527 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "interacting protein" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2110", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "valproate an anticonvulsant drug used to treat bipolar disorder was studied for its ability to promote neurogenesis from embryonic rat cortical or striatal primordial stem cells six days of valproate SE increased by up to fivefold the number and percentage of tubulin beta iiiimmunopositive SN increased neurite outgrowth and decreased by fivefold the number of astrocytes without changing the number of cells valproate also promoted neuronal differentiation in human fetal forebrain SC cultures the neurogenic effects of valproate on rat stem cells exceeded those obtained with the neurotrophins brainderived growth factor bdnf or nt and slightly exceeded the effects obtained with another mood stabilizer lithium no effect was observed with carbamazepine most of the newly formed neurons were gabaergic as shown by fold increases in SN that immunostained for gaba and the gabasynthesizing enzyme gad double immunostaining for bromodeoxyuridine and tubulin beta iii showed that valproate increased by four to fivefold the proliferation of neuronal progenitors derived from rat stem cells and increased cyclin d expression valproate also regulated the expression of survival genes bad and bcl at different times of treatment the expression of prostaglandin e synthase analyzed by quantitative rtpcr was increased by ninefold as early as h into treatment by valproate the enhancement of gabaergic neuron numbers neurite outgrowth and phenotypic expression via increases in the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cell may contribute to the therapeutic effects of valproate in the treatment of BP disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1607 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2111", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "BP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1596, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "bipolar" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2113", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "nuchal translucency nt measurement in first trimester screening between and weeks gestation has now been clearly identified as a marker for aneuploidies and in particular for trisomy even in the absence of aneuploidy increased fetal NT has been shown to be a marker for fetal heart malformations and numerous other fetal defects and genetic syndromes when the measure isorth centile which is around mm for each gestational age fetuses with nt thickness above the th centile and normal karyotype have a high risk of adverse prenatal outcome and this increase in risk is exponential as the nuchal translucency measurement increases however among children NBA with normal ultrasound at weeks of gestation there was no significant association between nt thickness and development at years as assessed by clinical examination and asq scores when with a control population counselling should emphasize that when the karyotype is normal and no fetal structural malformation was missed prenatally following resolution of nuchal thickening the prognosis is not impaired at the age of" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1074 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2114", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NT" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 235 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nuchal translucency" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2116", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this T0 investigated alkanethiolate SAMs sams of varied chain lengths adsorbed upon novel aucoated microelectrodes of which the surface properties were quantitatively evaluated by surface characterization and t fibroblast cell adhesion total impedance and cell detachment tests thinfilm sams adsorbed upon aupisi provided a hydrophobic or passive surface with increased water CA and initial total impedance from cell adhesion tests we can observe that the film formed as a densepacked spacer resulted in incomplete cell sealing of t cells upon the surfacemodified microelectrode thus the decrease in cell coverage rate and in the slope in association with total impedance as a CF of cellsurface reaction time can be found to study the adhesion force of a comparable single cell attached upon varied modified surfaces a cell detachment test using a triangular probe tip of a well defined cantilever was carried out in medium containing fibroblast cells overall both the PF and the work required to detach a comparable single cell from the anchoring domain corresponded well to the increased length of alkyl chains adsorbed upon aupisi both measurements on the sam modified surfaces demonstrated much smaller values than those on the pristine aupisi surface these results concluded that a cellrepulsive characteristic was clearly formed on the sam modified microelectrode surface the nonadhering properties of surfacemodified microelectrodes should provide better sensitivity for neuromuscular stimulation as well as for the recording of infinitesimal neural signals in future applications of neural prostheses" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1608 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2117", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PF" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 971 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "peak force" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2119", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the occurrence and elimination of seventeen antibiotics three macrolides azithromycin clarithromycin and roxithromycin five quinolones ciprofloxacin ENR levofloxacin NAL and norfloxacin five sulfonamides sulfadimethoxine sulfadimizine sulfamerazine sulfamethoxazole and SMM and others tetracycline LCM salinomycin and trimethoprim were investigated at four fullscale sewage treatment plants in japan the highest concentration was recorded for clarithromycin to ngl in influent followed by azithromycin to ngl levofloxacin to ngl and norfloxacin to ngl a vary inconsistence picture was obtained with negative to over removal NAL to exhibited higher removal efficiency followed by norfloxacin to levofloxacin to ciprofloxacin to and ENR to among macrolides clarithromycin to and azithromycin to showed relatively higher removal efficiency than roxithromycin to for most of the antibiotics removal efficiency was higher in ao and ao based secondary treatment process than cas process the effect of the antibiotics on bacterial ammonia oxidation determined by oxygen uptake rate presented that there was no significant effect below mgl of each antibiotics even at the same concentration antibiotics in mixed condition had higher inhibition effects than individuals" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1260 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2120", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SMM" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "sulfamonomethoxine" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2122", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "von hipplelindau vhl disease is a rare familial CA syndrome that is dominantly inherited and predisposes affected individuals to developing various tumors including hemangioblastoma of the retina and CNS system and multicentric renal cell carcinoma we report two cases of vhl disease with bilateral renal cell carcinoma case a yearold woman was referred to our hospital because of bilateral kidney tumor incidentally found we performed left laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and LN ex vivo excision and reconstruction and autotransplantation for the RA kidney case a yearold woman was referred to our hospital because of left kidney tumor incidentally found because the suspectious lesion in the right kidney was very small we decided to follow it up with no treatment we performed laparoscopic nephrectomy ex vivo excision and reconstruction and autotransplantation for left kidney" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 881 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2123", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LN" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 480 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "laparoscopic nephrectomy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2125", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the month angiographic instent restenosis rate did not differ between patients with chronic total occlusions n and subtotal stenoses n equally matched for diabetes status exact stent design final expanded stent diameter stent length and residual percent DS T3 stent placement it was and for those with chronic total occlusions and subtotal stenoses respectively p furthermore the stent occlusion rate vs respectively was low in both patient CG" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 443 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2126", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DS" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 256 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "diameter stenosis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2128", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "most mousehuman somatic cell hybrids show preferential loss of human chromosomes absence of human s ribosomal rna and suppression of human nucleolus organizer activity as visualized by the agas silver histochemical stain in contrast the mousehuman hybrids studied here show preferential loss of mouse chromosomes the hybrids were made by fusion of httg HT-1080 with balbc mouse peritoneal macrophages or CS mouse teratocarcinoma cells the agas IF method shows nucleolus organizer activity of chromosomes rarely and in the human parent and chromosomes rarely and in the balbc mouse parent in the hybrid cells the human NO regions are active as shown by agas staining and involvement in SA the mouse nucleolus organizer regions are not stained by the agas method even though mouse chromosomes and are present in the balbc hybrids and at least one copy of each mouse chromosome is present in the teratocarcinomaderived hybrids thus in these mousehuman hybrids unlike those that lose human chromosomes only human nucleolus organizer activity is expressed and mouse nucleolus organizer activity is suppressed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1103 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2129", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NO" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nucleolus organizer" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2131", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "bisureafunctionalized naphthalene organogelators via cooperative hydrogen bonding and pipi stacking interaction were designed and synthesized the gelators showed excellent gelling capability in various solvents and performed switchable fluorescence in the gel state the FL emission of these compounds strongly depends on the aggregation of the fluorophore and is very sensitive to the temperature and chemical stimuli a stronger and redshifted emission was found in the gel state compared with the original solution the gelsol transition of the systems as well as the FL emission is reversibly controlled by a change of the temperature or upon alternative addition of fluoride anions and protons the influence of fluoride anions on the fluorescence and gelsol processes is a result of the dissociation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds by bonding of fluoride anions with urea groups of the gelator the obtained sol is turned to the gel state again upon addition of trifluoroacetic acid furthermore polarizing OM and smallangle xray scattering indicated that the gelator exhibited the LC property and displayed the column phase" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1125 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2132", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "OM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1010 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "optical microscopy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2134", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "principal cells of the LSO lso compute interaural intensity differences by comparing converging excitatory and inhibitory inputs the excitatory input carries information from the ipsilateral ear and the GABA input carries information from the contralateral ear throughout life the excitatory input pathway releases glutamate in adulthood the inhibitory input pathway releases glycine during a period of major developmental refinement in the lso however synaptic terminals of the immature GABA input pathway release not only glycine but also gaba and glu to determine whether glu released by terminals in either pathway could spill over to activate postsynaptic nmethyldaspartate nmda receptors under the other pathway we made wholecell recordings from lso principal cells in acute slices of neonatal rat BS bathed in the usedependent nmda receptor antagonist mk and stimulated in the two opposing pathways we found that during the first postnatal week glu spillover occurs bidirectionally from both immature excitatory terminals and immature inhibitory terminals we further found that a population of postsynaptic nmda receptors is shared glutamate released from either pathway can diffuse to and activate these receptors we suggest that these shared receptors contain the glunb subunit and are located extrasynaptically" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1320 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2135", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LSO" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 26 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "lateral superior olive" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2137", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "during the last to years the microdialysis technique has been used to explore neurotransmitter PR during exercise microdialysis can collect virtually any substance from the brains of freely moving animals with a limited amount of tissue trauma it allows the measurement of local neurotransmitter release in combination with ongoing behavioural changes such as exercise several groups examined the effect of TR on extracellular neurotransmitter C2 MD probes were implanted in different BB areas to monitor diverse aspects of locomotion striatum hippocampus nucleus accumbens frontal SC spinal cord food reward hypothalamus hippocampus CBF cortex thermoregulation hypothalamus some studies combined MD with running on a TM to evaluate motor deficit and improvement following dopaminergic grafts in hydroxydopamine lesioned rats or combined proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cortical MD to observe intra plus extracellular BB gl variations this method allows us to understand neurotransmitter systems underlying normal physiological function and behaviour because of the growing interest in exercise and brain SF-36 it should be possible to investigate increasingly subtle behavioural and physiological changes within the CNS system there is now compelling evidence that regular PCS activity is associated with significant physiological psychological and social benefits in the general population in contrast with our knowledge about the peripheral adaptations to exercise studies relating exercise to brain neurotransmitter levels are scarce it is of interest to examine the effect of short and long term exercise on neurotransmitter PR since movement initiation and control of locomotion have been shown to be related to striatal neurotransmitter CF and one of the possible therapeutic modalities in movement and mental disorders is exercise therapy until very recently most experimental studies on brain chemistry were conducted with postmortem tissue however in part because of shortcomings with postmortem methods and in part because of the desire to be able to directly relate neurochemistry to behaviour there has been considerable interest in the OD of in vivo neurochemical methods because total tissue levels may easily mask small but important neurochemical changes related to activity it is important to sample directly in the extracellular compartment of nervous tissue in living animals since the chemical interplay between cells occurs in the extracellular fluid there was a need to access this compartment in the intact brain of living and freely moving animals estimation of the transmitter content in this compartment is believed to be directly related to the concentration at the site where these compounds are functionally released in the synaptic cleft as measurements in the synapse are not yet possible in vivo measurements in the extracellular fluid appear to provide the most directly relevant information currently available this article provides an overview of the in vivo microdialysis technique as a method for measuring in the extracellular space and its application in exercise science although this technique has been used in different tissues such as BB adipose tissue spinal cord and muscle in animals as well as humans we will focus on the use of this in vivo method in BB tissue recently two excellent reviews on the application of microdialysis in human experiments especially in subcutaneous tissue have been published and we refer the interested reader to these articles" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3523 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2138", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TM" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 720 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "treadmill" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2140", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the differentiation between dental and skeletal AOB both with distinct etiologies and characteristics is necessary to establish adequate orthodontic and speechlanguage treatment procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 188 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2141", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AOB" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 51 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "anterior open bite" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2143", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "two monoclonal antibodies mabs h and f have been selected against the denatured glycoprotein of the viral HS virus vhsv of salmonids by immunoblotting three reference vhsv serotypes f f and five vhsv isolates from either different host species trout salmon barbel or geographical locations in spain reacted with both mabs by elisa in vitro NT of all vhsv serotypes but not IHNV ihnv was obtained only with mab h however when the mab h but not the nonneutralizing mab f concentration was below microgramsml rather than neutralizing vhsv infectivity plaque counts increased fold mab h is unique in that it has both an in vitro enhancing infectivity effect not described yet for vhsv and it recognizes denatured g protein in contrast to other previously described NT mabs against vhsv" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 781 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2144", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HS" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "haemorrhagic septicaemia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2146", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in mammals and birds the hippocampus is a major learning and SM center that plays a prominent role in spatial SM the use of distal cues to guide navigation the role of reptilian HPC homologues the medial and dorsal SC in spatial SM has not been thoroughly investigated the medial and DC of reptiles is known to play a role in learning both tasks that are hippocampally dependent and tasks that are not hippocampally dependent in mammals and birds in order to examine the TPS role of the medial and DC in spatial memory we trained medial cortex DC and sham lesioned cnemidophorus inornatus lizards to locate the one heated rock of four MZ rocks spaced evenly around the perimeter of a circular sand filled arena in a cool room we used probe trials to examine the strategies used by lizards to locate the goal medial SC lesions and dorsal cortex lesions slowed acquisition and altered the strategies used to locate the goal however none of the lizards adopted a spatial strategy to locate the goal suggesting that the DC and medial SC are involved in using nonspatial strategies for navigation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1091 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2147", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DC" ], "offsets": [ [ 498, 500 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dorsal cortex" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2149", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "particulate s BG with an average size of microm was incorporated into a HD PE hdpe for potential medical applications composites with bioglass volumes of and were produced by a manufacturing process consisting of blending compounding powdering and compression molding the bioglass particles were well dispersed and their homogeneous distribution in the polymer matrix achieved T3 compounding was retained during subsequent composite processing the youngs modulus and microhardness of the composites increased with an increase in BG volume while the tensile strength and fracture strain decreased fourier transform infrared spectra obtained from bioglasshdpe samples exposed for h at degrees c to a simulated body fluid sbf demonstrated that composites of all the compositions examined developed the surface biological AP layer equivalent to that for bulk bioglass" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 863 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2150", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HD" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 74 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "high density" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2152", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "intraperitoneal heme treatment mgkg body wt reversed the effects of a preceding h intraperitoneally injected na s mumolkg body wt dose on blood deltaamino levulinic acid synthase and heme synthase MICs the sulfide dosing caused decreased activity of both enzymes of which that of heme synthase was overcorrected above controls by the heme treatment h after the sulfide dose heme alone caused a transient induction in the heme oxygenase activity in CL h after the injection the effects on heme synthesis in the sulphidedosed rats support the role of the inactivation of the hemecontrolled HCI of protein synthesis by the supply of exogenous heme" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 644 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2153", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 591 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "translational inhibitor" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2155", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we examined the morphological features of the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula of chorion laeve CTs from term human fetal membranes and compared them with those of syncytiotrophoblasts and CTs from human placental villi ultrastructural enzyme histochemistry of cytochrome c oxidase and glucosephosphatase were used as cytochemical markers for these intracellular organelles chorion laeve cytotrophoblasts possessed abundant endoplasmic reticula and small mitochondria with a few cristae which were characteristic of villous syncytiotrophoblasts rather than villous CTs as for these organellar structures statistical analysis confirmed similarities between chorion laeve cytotrophoblasts and villous syncytiotrophoblasts but significant differences between laeve cytotrophoblasts and villous cytotrophoblasts though these two CTs originated from one common cell in early placental development they exhibited quite different organellar morphology during placentalchorioamniotic differentiation considering previous data we concluded that chorion laeve CTs were metabolically active cells similar to villous syncytiotrophoblasts performing many functions in fetal membrane physiology" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1185 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2156", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CTs" ], "offsets": [ [ 570, 573 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cytotrophoblasts" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2158", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this T0 investigated the effects of excess cortisol on physiological mechanisms that resist dehydration in bos indicus steers n yr of age kg mean bw during a h period steers were assigned randomly to one of four groups no waterno cortisol n waterno cortisol n no watercortisol n and watercortisol n animals allocated to cortisol treatment groups were given mg x kg bw x h of hydrocortisone suspended in isotonic saline for the duration of the study total body water osmolality hematocrit urine SO feed and water intake and PC of arginine vasopressin avp angiotensin ii aii electrolytes total protein and albumin were determined at h intervals for h in the presence of excess plasma cortisol TBW was maintained in the presence of a WD insult for h whereas hydration indices such as TPP and albumin did not change supporting the body water data however plasma osmolality increased for the waterdeprived groups from h p hematocrit did not reflect dehydration in any group water ED induced an increase in endogenous plasma cortisol concentrations T3 h of the study p PC of avp increased with water deprivation p excess cortisol decreased the plasma concentration of avp at h only p and suppressed PC of aii at and h p and p respectively animals treated with excess cortisol maintained urinary output for h before decreasing at h p although there was no effect on water or feed intake WD increased PNa concentrations p until h whereas potassium decreased under the influence of excess plasma cortisol p at h WD increased plasma chloride concentration at and h p and p respectively plasma phosphorus decreased at h p and remained at lesser concentrations for the duration of the study p these results highlight the complexity of endocrine interactions associated with water balance in bos indicus steers we accept our hypothesis that in the presence of excess cortisol the RAA axis is suppressed however homeostasis is achieved through other physiological systems" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1957 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2159", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TBW" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 694 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "total body water" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2161", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the dt rat dt displays a complex movement disorder in the absence of morphological defects in the NS this mutant is also insensitive to the tremorogenic effects of harmaline because harmaline is known to act on the cells of the VPI olive to induce activity at the tremor frequency in the olivocerebellobulbar pathway this pathway has been investigated as a possible site of a defect in the dt rat biochemical studies suggested the presence of abnormalities at the level of the purkinje cell or its afferent input thus the present T0 investigated the harmaline response of purkinje cells in dt rats and unaffected littermate controls with extracellular singleunit recording techniques the spontaneous SS and CS firing rates of dt rats were significantly lower than those of normal littermate controls in normal rats responses to SVR harmaline injection were seen simple spikes were either completely suppressed for periods of min or were intermittently suppressed pausing repeatedly for periods of sec cells that showed CR suppression of SS activity also showed increased frequency and rhythmicity of complex spikes in dt rats intermittent SS responses were seen in a proportion similar to that in normal rats however the proportion of cells showing highfrequency rhythmic complex spikes and complete suppression of simple spikes was low in the dt rats in comparison with littermate controls versus in addition of the cells from dt rats displayed no NC or an anomalous change in firing patterns in response to harmaline since the rhythmic activation of olivary SN that results in the rhythmic complex spike discharge of purkinje cells is assumed to be responsible for the appearance of harmaline tremor the failure of the dt rat to display tremor is most likely due to a failure at the olivocerebellar level rather than at a site efferent to the cerebellum" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1855 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2162", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SS" ], "offsets": [ [ 1139, 1141 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "simple spike" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2164", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "diurnal R2 of the symptomatology of ED melancholy was examined by means of scales on consecutive days in UT patients and in patients under antidepressant drugs and after sleep deprivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 187 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2165", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ED" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 38 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "endogenous depression" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2167", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the purpose of this study was to clarify the diagnostic value of identifying viable myocardium using TF scintigraphy twentyone patients with chronic coronary i.a. disease were studied using tl exercise SPECT with reinjection and TF exercise myocardial scintigraphy all patients had a PH of OMI for TF scintigraphy mbq of mtctetrofosmin was injected during exercise and exercise images were obtained min thereafter there hours later mbq of mtctetrofosmin was injected at rest and images were obtained min and min later myocardial viability in the mtctetrofosmin scintigraphy was estimated as fillin findings ff or over of ri uptake tf in the rest image myocardial viability in the tl scintigraphy was estimated as redistribution rd fillin findings in the reinjection image fr or over of ri uptake in the reinjection image tl sixteen of the patinsions of the words that composed the narratives were scored by the whissell dictionary of affect in language the increased global geomagnetic activity two days before the experiments was significantly associated rhos about with the use of more unpleasant words for people who sat in the quiet chamber only implications for the hypothesis of affective concordance between emotionally bonded human beings and its role in episodes of potentially veridical telepathic experiences are discussed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1333 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2168", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TF" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "mtctetrofosmin" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2170", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "rats raised in the cold showed an unusual pattern of AT morphology male SDRs were maintained in a degrees c environment for up to wk and the cellularity of their L1 adipose depots was determined normal agerelated increases in adipocyte number were absent in two major fat depots RP and inguinal whereas there was a supranormal increase in a third epididymal this DP of PH contrasts sharply with that seen in rats fed highly palatable highfat or highcarbohydrate diets in which RP depots show the most PH and epididymal pads the least such variations of response across depots suggest mr and dc sources was per livebirths by both bernoulli census and loglinear methods taking into account in addition evidence for a bcdc positive dependence the resulting prevalence rate estimates were slightly higher per by loglinear methods and per by the bernoulli census RPA in view of the likely bcdc positive dependence it is suggested that bernoulli census estimates derived using only these two sources without some ancillary third data source are likely to be biased to a false low figure nevertheless estimates from bc and dc alone may still be useful in establishing that the prevalence rate is above some minimum figure for example a breakeven prevalence rate in costbenefit analyses of a possible prevention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1311 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2171", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PH" ], "offsets": [ [ 501, 503 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "hyperplasia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2173", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the objective of this T0 was to develop a lowfat lf mayonnaise containing polysaccharide gums as PET ingredients XG xg g kg citrus fiber cf g kg and VL concentration of GG gg were used to formulate the optimum ratios of polysaccharide gums as fat replacers the fat content in lf mayonnaise was reduced to if compared with fullfat ff mayonnaise and the products still maintained ideal rheological properties" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 406 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2174", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "XG" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 115 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "xanthan gum" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2176", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the effects of pimozide a dopamine receptorblocking agent were studied in the PI of the rat the animals received microgram g pimozide daily for and days pimozide induces ultrastructural changes after days of treatment about of the mshcells display characteristics of stimulation their cytoplasm is partially or totally depleted of secretory LG the Rg endoplasmic reticulum displays a network of interconnecting cisternae and ribbonlike structures the welldeveloped golgi complexes exhibit numerous dilatations of their cisternae which contain electrondense material the nerve endings are not altered twenty DAT the abovedescribed changes have not decreased in magnitude the present findings suggest that pimozide stimulates the mechanism of synthesis and PR in some mshcells most probably the elements underlying an GABA dopaminergic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 841 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2177", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PI" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pars intermedia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2179", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in hypertension all the components are affected in the MCB of serous CM arterioles precapillaries capillaries postcapillaries venules lymph capillaries and postcapillaries convolution of microvessels formation of loops skeins torsions along the longitudinal axis deformation of walls folds and angularity of the contours multiple unilateral and BL protrusions and invaginations sacciform and cylindrical microaneurisms multiplication of venules are observed in the control material collected from subjects who had died of various traumas vascular changes in serous CM are poorly manifest or absent indicating a relative specificity of the microvessel involvement in hypertension the results of the study are in accord with known from literature descriptions of changes in the MCB of the eye conjunctiva observed in biomicroscopy in patients with hypertension which confirms the generalized nature of mcb involvement in this disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 931 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2180", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MCB" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 58 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "microcirculatory bed" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2182", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the relationship between relative force electromyogram emg and time to fatigue was examined in seven male and seven female subjects mean sd age years during isometric handgrip exercise subjects performed sustained submaximal contractions of the RA handgrip at three different intensities and of the pretrial maximum voluntary contraction mvc emg was sampled in s epochs every s during the contractions and the IEMG iemg values were then normalized to that of the pretrial mvc as expected time to fatigue was longest at mvc and shortest at mvc but women performed consistently longer than men at each of the three intensities woman vs men vs s vs s and vs s for and mvc respectively p iemg increased in a nonlinear fashion over time during each trial with the magnitude of iemg being proportional to the intensity of the contraction at the endurance limit iemg was greatest in the mvc trial however no iemg values reached those obtained in the related mvc in conclusion Tlim during sustained submaximal ISO HG exercise is dependent up on the intensity of the effort with women having significantly larger endurance times than men the related increase in iemg is also proportional to the intensity of effort however the factors causing force to fail prior to the final iemg reaching its predicted maximum remain to be elucidated" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1326 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2183", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Tlim" ], "offsets": [ [ 969, 973 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "endurance time" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2185", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the adsorption behavior of GA egg white protein and their mixtures at the oilwater interface for limonene oil emulsions has been investigated at ph and it has been shown that proteinrich fractions of gum arabic adsorb onto limonene oil droplets and that there is no significant molecular mass dependence the amount adsorbed was determined from differences in the intensities of the GPC elution profiles of the gum before and T3 preparing emulsions and was found to be approximately and approximately mgm at ph and respectively these values are greater than might be expected for ML coverage the amount of protein associated with the GA adsorbed was about mgm which corresponds to approximately of the total protein present in the gum in comparison the amount of egg white protein adsorbed was found to be approximately and approximately mgm respectively at ph and which are typical values for monolayer coverage for gum arabicegg white protein mixtures ww corresponding to approximately on a molar basis at ph both species are negatively charged and there is no interaction between them on formation of emulsions they compete with each other for surface sites and egg WG protein molecules are adsorbed preferentially although not exclusively at ph the molecules have opposite charge and interact and at this ratio form soluble electrostatic complexes which are adsorbed at the interface during emulsification the droplet size of emulsions prepared with gum arabic was significantly less than for egg white protein over the concentration range studied gum arabicegg WG protein mixtures ww at ph produced emulsions with a droplet size similar to GA CT while those prepared at ph produced emulsions with a significantly larger droplet size" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1736 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2186", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "GA" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 635 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "gum arabic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2188", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "hepatitis c virus hcv causes CH which often results in the development of LC and HCC carcinoma hcc worldwide in this study we demonstrated that the nonstructural protein ns of hcv enhances cyclooxygenase cox gene promoter activity cox mrna expression cox protein production and prostaglandin e pge PR in hepg cells in a concentrationdependent fashion we also showed that transcription factor nfkappab is required for the activation of cox regulated by ns in addition multiple signaling pathways are involved cooperatively in the expression of cox activated by the VP in a calciumindependent manner which requires signaling components including jnk erk and pkd a thorough investigation of mechanism involved in the activation of cox regulated by hcv would provide insights into our understanding the processes of CL inflammatory response and HCC carcinoma development caused by the viral infection and also into the development of novel therapeutics against hcv infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 970 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2189", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "VP" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 566 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "viral protein" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2191", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "eyes with glaucomatous VF defects were followed with computerized perimetry before and nearly one year after ALT an expected reduction of the iop was achieved the pressure being on an average mm hg before and T3 the treatment performance values obtained at computerized perimetry were used to trace the trend of visual field development there was a VF decay during the period preceding the intervention this trend did not NC after trabeculoplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 446 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2192", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ALT" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 112 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "argon laser trabeculoplasty" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2194", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "mutations in the hist gene of salmonella typhimurium alter pseudouridine synthetase i the enzyme that modifies two uridines in the anticodon loop of numerous transfer ribonucleic acid species we have examined two strains carrying different hist mutations for their ability to grow on a variety of nitrogen sources the hist mutants grew more rapidly than did hist strains with either Arg or proline as the nitrogen source and gl as the carbon source the hist mutations were transduced into new strains to show that these growth properties were due to the hist mutations the hist mutations did not influence the growth of mutants having altered glutamine synthetase regulation assays of the three primary ammoniaassimilatory enzymes glu dehydrogenase glutamine synthetase and glu synthase showed that glutamate synthase activities were lower in hist mutants than in isogenic hist controls however the glutamate dehydrogenase activity was about threefold higher in the hist strains grown in glucosearginine medium the results suggest that the controls for enzyme synthesis for nitrogen utilization respond either directly or indirectly to tRNA species affected by the hist mutation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1178 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2195", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "tRNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1136, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "transfer ribonucleic acid" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2197", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the levelized cost of electricity lcoe of photovoltaic pv systems is determined by among other factors the pv module reliability better prediction of degradation mechanisms and prevention of module field failure can consequently decrease investment risks as well as increase the electricity yield an improved knowledge level can for these reasons significantly decrease the total costs of pv electricity in order to better understand and minimize the degradation of pv modules the occurring d measurements upon differentwavelength light irradiation this supramolecular CP undergoes noncovalent polymer and covalent polymer conversion due to coumarin cycloaddition and cleavage reactions in addition sdp for bioimaging in michigan CA foundation mcf cells is performed and results show that the obtained sdp has good biocompatibility and is lysosometargetable this research enriches the field of supramolecular dendrimers and the PS response material may have application prospects in organelletargeting applications" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1014 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2198", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PS" ], "offsets": [ [ 928, 930 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "photostimulation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2200", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "pesticide applicators in the plant protection department of the agriculture affairs and fish resources authority are monitored regularly by the occupational health section of the MOH the aim is to protect them from the adverse effects of pesticides and to prevent acute poisoning by removing from exposure those who have low cholinesterase che activity levels or low WBCs thirtyeight workers routinely examined in july were reexamined at the onset of the locust invasion in kuwait in november also examined were farmers recruited for the first time to fight locusts and a matched control group of firefighters T3 to months when the locust invasion decreased markedly and pesticide spraying nearly stopped the exposed workers were reexamined the pesticides used to control locusts were five organophosphates and one OC lindane sixty percent of normal for red blood cell rbc che activity and of normal for plasma che activity were used as threshold levels for removing workers from continued SE to cheinhibiting pesticides the different reactions of T0 groups during the locust control period are described including results from tests of pulmonary function rbc and plasma che activity and nerve conduction velocity" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1213 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2201", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MOH" ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 182 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "ministry of health" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2203", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the responses of nu/nu nunu rats to an initial SE and to reexposure to Sm were compared to those manifested by thymic reconstituted nunutxr heterozygous littermate controls nu and the highly characterized fischer rat CS nu/nu rats rejected the developing worms of an initial infection more slowly than did thymic reconstituted or heterozygous animals these latter responses were highly comparable to those demonstrated by the fischer rat in addition the nu/nu rats manifested lower IP blood eosinophilia in response to infection resistance to reinfection in athymic animals was impaired and associated with a decreased immunoinflammatory histologic response to hepatic intravascular parasites and to eggs lodged in the hepatic vasculature there was little evidence of inflammatory responses involving degranulating eosinophils lymphocytes or macrophages in the athymic rats finally athymic animals produced antibody that was less capable of passively transferring resistance in adoptivechallenge experiments however antibody produced in heterozygous animals conferred significant resistance when adoptively transferred to athymic animals these results suggest that resistance to initial and subsequent challenge by s mansoni infections in the rat is highly reliant upon TD mechanisms that result in the production of antibodydependent possibly cellmediated resistance additional studies utilizing in vitro analysis of a variety of antibody functions to define the mechanisms of tdependent immunologic resistance in the nu/nu rat are the subject of the accompanying manuscript" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1575 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2204", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "nu/nu" ], "offsets": [ [ 220, 225 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "congenitally athymic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2206", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "abnormal processing of betaamyloid precursor protein app and precipitation of amyloidogenic beta a peptide have been implicated in the pathogenesis of alzheimers disease ad in an attempt to generate an in vivo MM of appassociated pathology we have introduced recombinant retroviral vectors harboring normal and mutant cdnas for human neuronspecific app into fetal rat BB transplants a minor population of recombinant neural cells with expression of app was identified immunohistochemically in the grafts the expression was maintained during an observation period of months SN with strong immunoreactivity for human app exhibited markedly swollen perikarya and showed signs of cell degeneration at months posttransplantation recombinant grafts developed apppositive neuropil deposits with morphological features of NPs but without beta a peptide immunoreactivity no difference was observed between wildtype app and the mutant app construct derived from a family with AD ad these observations indicate that longterm neuronal overexpression of human app has the potential to generate app plaques in the rodent BB" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1109 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2207", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "neuritic plaques" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2209", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this work describes the synthesis crystal structure and detailed photophysical studies of nbunptdfppycn nbu nbutyl dfppy difluorophenylpyridinate the material can easily be prepared in high yield and purity by the reaction of ptdfppyhdfppycl nbuncl and kcn in chcl because of the bulky counterion nbun ptpt interactions which frequently lead to aggregate formation are suppressed in the solid state thus monomer emission is observed the phosphorescence quantum yield of the neat powder amounts to phipl at AT and decays with micros in THF thf solution on the other hand the emission decay time is with micros distinctly shorter and the quantum yield is very low by means of emission decay time studies in frozen thf and investigations of the highly resolved single crystal emission at k we can assign the emitting t state of the compound as being largely of ligand centered lc pi pi character the observed differences of the emission properties of the neat powder compared to the fluid solution are rationalized with an energy stabilization of quenching dd states in solution because of molecular distortions andor bond elongations" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1131 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2210", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "THF" ], "offsets": [ [ 535, 538 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "tetrahydrofuran" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2212", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "results from new genotoxicity tests in laboratory animals have necessitated a comprehensive reevaluation of the mutagenic potential of styrene in vivo available data suggest that ST after being metabolized to SO is weakly positive in indicator tests detecting dna adducts dna strand breaks and sister chromatid exchanges sces there is no convincing evidence of ST clastogenicity in experimental animals when the SQ of the studies and the plausibility of the test results are considered equivocal results were obtained after exposure to high doses causing lethality a recently published in vivo MN test mnt in bone marrow cells of mice conforming to the current oecd guideline was clearly negative consequently our DUE of the published genotoxicity data comes to the conclusion that ST at high doses can induce genotoxic effects in indicator tests these dna effects depend upon the exposure C2 of the target cells the S9 to ST oxide and the efficiency of detoxification mutagenic effects of styrene can only be expected under extreme SE conditions if SO is not efficiently detoxified and primary dna lesions are not completely repaired however there is no clear evidence that styrene induces mutagenicclastogenic effects in vivo when tested under appropriate test conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1273 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2213", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SO" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "styrene oxide" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2215", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "hoxd is the most of the hoxd cluster of homeobox genes in chromosome band q heterozygous expansions of a polyalanine tract in hoxd are typically associated with SPD characterized by insertional digit duplication associated with syndactyly we screened for mutations of hoxd in patients with a variety of limb malformations and identified a novel heterozygous mutation dela in a threegeneration family without the typical SPD phenotype in the hands but with bilateral partial duplication of the nd metatarsals within the first web space of the feet this mutation locates in the acceptor splice site of exon and is predicted to cause failure of normal splicing of hoxd the foot abnormality in this family is similar to that described in two families by goodman et al am j hum genet in which different deletions of hoxd were reported these findings together lend support to a distinct phenotype resulting from haploinsufficiency of hoxd" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 932 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2216", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SPD" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "synpolydactyly" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2218", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "information about the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in commensal enteric bacteria is of interest because these bacteria are potential indicators of selection pressure on enteric bacteria and represent a reservoir of resistance genes in potentially pathogenic bacteria this study reports changes in the prevalence of resistance to antibiotics in commensal escherichia coli from cattle receiving either subcutaneously injectable OTC in addition to infeed chlortetracycline or only infeed CTC resistance to antibiotics was examined the use of injectable OTC in addition to infeed CTC was significantly associated p with an increase in the prevalence of resistance only to chloramphenicol and sulfisoxazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 708 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2219", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CTC" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 495 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "chlortetracycline" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2221", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "chiamata were counted and paired and unpaired configurations at MI and chromosome PE at second meiotic division were assessed at different ages in males and females of two strains of laboratory mice in the females a decrease of chiasma frequency and an increase of univalents at first meiotic metaphase mi were confirmed in the males diakineses had higher chiasma frequencies in the range of the female mis and fewer univalents than the mis had in these male cells there was no decrease of chiasmata or increase of autosomal univalents with age and there were some interstrain differences in the older females there was no parallelism between the frequencies of univalents at mi and the chromosome PE that could be identified at second meiotic division these were fewer than might be expected on the assumption that all the univalents were true univalents the relevance of this finding to the question of the nature of most of the univalents observed at MI in aged female mice is discussed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 989 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2222", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 66 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "first meiotic division" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2224", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "epidermal growth factor egf is a potent morphogen affecting cell shape and motility through regulation of adhesive interactions we have characterized the morphological effects of egf on gpd and gpd colon carcinoma cell lines and have compared the ability of the HB-EGF receptor ligand AR ar to elicit the same effects egf induced a marked EMT in both cell lines this effect was evident at pm egf and was associated with a reduction in cellular adherens junctions and diminished cellcell contact it was also associated with an increase in expression of alphaintegrin as well as enhanced adhesion to the substratum and cell spreading these changes in adhesion molecule expression were accompanied by enhanced migration on collagen blockade of cell growth with mitomycin c did not prevent the egfinduced morphological NC showing that the mitogenic and morphogenic responses of the gp cells were separable the phosphatidyl Ins pi kinase inhibitor wortmannin inhibited basal proliferation but had no effect on the egfinduced morphological change further suggesting that the pi kinase pathway was not involved in the morphogenic response of these cells amphiregulin stimulated proliferation of both cell lines but could only elicit a modest morphological change if used at considerably higher doses or if growth was blocked with MMC c in cells treated with nm ar alphaintegrin expression was slightly increased however unlike the egf case adherens junctions remained IN these differences in the ability of egf and AR to affect cellular adhesion and migration may be significant factors influencing normal and tumor cell behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1622 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2225", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1508, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "amphiregulin" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2227", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "aids is caused by cd tcell depletion although CART can restore blood tcell numbers the clonal diversity of the reconstituting cells critical for immunocompetence is not well defined" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 181 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2228", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CART" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 50 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "combination antiretroviral therapy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2230", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "intrajugular infusion microlitersmin for min of m nacl or m mannitol in conscious AD male SDRs increased plasma osmolality similarly and had an additive effect when combined plasma na concentration however increased with infusion of m nacl decreased with m mannitol and was not significantly altered by the combined solution irrespective of changes in plasma na concentration plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations were elevated to a similar degree T3 independent infusion of m nacl or m mannitol with the combined infusion the NC in plasma vasopressin was additive but the NC in oxytocin tended to be greater accordingly gl utilization increased throughout the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system T3 infusion of m nacl and m mannitol with the combined infusion however the change in gl utilization in the PVH nucleus was additive but a synergistic effect occurred in the SO and NL drinking responses were similar in all CG receiving hypertonic solutions with no additive effect T3 the combined CS- although our results do not completely rule out the participation of cerebrospinal fluid sodium receptors it is more likely that osmoreceptors regulate the activity of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system and drinking SMB unlike the magnocellular system however drinking behavior seems to be negatively influenced by a AS component of the osmotic stimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1366 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2231", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NL" ], "offsets": [ [ 886, 888 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "neural lobe" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2233", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "three cases of severe mitral incompetence T3 heterograft aortic VR are described in all cases an early third heart sound was recorded on the phonocardiograms in two cases a prominent early diastolic peak was also recorded on the apex cardiograms these findings do not support the widely held view that the S3 is produced by sudden tautening of the mitral valve structures during the rapid filling phase of the left ventricle" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 424 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2234", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "S3" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 308 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "third heart sound" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2236", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "tobaccorelated upper aerodigestive tract CA is a worldwide health problem clinical advances in surgery radiation and chemotherapy have shown only marginal improvement on the survival rate of these malignancies in the past two decades the concept of multistage carcinogenesis and field cancerization the high incidence of spts and the promising results of chemopreventive agents especially cra to effectively reverse oral premalignancy and prevent spts indicate a new avenue to improve the outcome of these newplastic diseases the study of SPT prevention is too early to show any survival benefit in the treatment arm and toxicity of high dose cra is significant the current prospective C1 scale phase iii spt prevention trial of lowdose cra may establish a new standard approach for the control of head and neck neoplasms ID of potentially useful panels of biomarkers as intermediate endpoints will undoubtedly reduce time and cost currently required to conduct chemoprevention trials" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 984 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2237", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "second primary tumor" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2239", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the OD of periodontal disease in down syndrome adolescents n was studied clinically and on intraoral radiographs during a yr period the occurrence of GI gbi pathological periodontal pockets mm sub and supragingival calculus AM bone height ABL and the occurrence of the periodontal pathogens actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans capnocytophaga and porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival PI were determined of the subjects had one or more pathological periodontal pockets at baseline compared to at followup at the baseline examination of the individuals exhibited alveolar BL compared to at the followup the median value of sites with ABL increased from to the new lesions mainly being located in the incisor region the estimated annual reduction of alveolar bone height in each subject was mm on average the occurrence of the periodontal pathogens a actinomycetemcomitans capnocytophaga and p gingivalis in subgingival PI did not differ between baseline and followup the results of the present study indicate that the frequency of periodontitis mainly located on the lower incisors markedly increased during a yr period in down syndrome individuals although the severity and progression was limited compared to what has previously been described" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1246 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2240", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ABL" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 242 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "alveolar bone loss" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2242", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "BG AS cardiovascular disease ascvd is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and impaired FG ifg we hypothesized that the relation of FG levels to ascvd is linear with the prevalence of clinical ascvd beginning to increase even among individuals currently categorized as normoglycemic methods patient charts were retrospectively reviewed from our dyslipidemic preventive cardiology clinic we evaluated the prevalence of ascvd relative to FG levels in a crosssection of patients at high risk for ascvd results in dyslipidemic patients ascvd prevalence increased with increasing FG levels a significantly higher prevalence of ascvd was observed among patients with FG C2 between and mgdl versus lower levels as glucose C2 increased from to mgdl the prevalence of ascvd continued to rise in parallel LR analysis with forward likelihood ratio stepwise selection indicated that individuals with fasting blood gl of mgdl were times more likely to have ascvd than those with lower C2 of fasting blood glucose conclusion our findings suggest that the current cutoff for IFG of mgdl may be somewhat conservative and that a level above mgdl may be more appropriate as an ascvd risk factor particularly in patients with a lipid disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1229 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2243", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "FG" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "fasting glucose" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2245", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this study investigates the calcium mechanisms involved in growth arrest induced by extracellular atp in du androgenindependent PC-3 CA cells exposure of du cells to microm atp produced an increase in cytoplasmic calcium concentration cai due to a mobilization of calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum stores and to subsequent CCE cce we have shown that this cai increase occurs after stimulation by atp of the phospholipase c plc pathway for the first time we have identified the Ins trisphosphate receptor ipr isoforms expressed in this cell line and have demonstrated a participation of protein kinase c in cce using fluorescence imaging we have shown that a longterm treatment with atp leads to a decrease in the IL endoplasmic reticulum calcium concentration as well as in the amount of releasable ca modulating extracellular free calcium concentrations indicated that variations in cai did not affect the atpinduced growth arrest of du cells however treating cells with nm thapsigargin tg to deplete intracellular calcium pools prevented the growth arrest induced by atp altogether these results indicate that growth arrest induced in du cells by extracellular atp is not correlated with an increase in cai but rather with a decrease in intracellular calcium pool content" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2246", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 331 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "capacitative calcium entry" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2248", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the severity of PDB is attributable to complications of the disease more than to the primary process some neurologic complications result from diversion of blood from NS toward active pagetic bone local compression of SN also occurs but is less common cardiovascular complications are more rare orthopedic complications are dominated by neoplastic degeneration into osteosarcomatreatment of PDB is based on the use of antiosteoclastic drugs bisphosphonates and calcitonin their efficacy is evident on the clinical and biological signs of pagets disease BPs are well tolerated the aim of the use of the newergeneration BPs is to normalize PSA parameters to decrease the risk of occurrence of complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 704 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2249", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PDB" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 394 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pagets disease of bone" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2251", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "somatostatin and its analogues are known to have modulatory effects on immune response and their antiproliferative antiangiogenic and analgesic properties make them attractive candidates for a therapeutic use in immunemediated diseases such as RA ICA here we demonstrate the ability of the somatostatin analogue octreotide to inhibit interleukin and to increase interleukin production by RA arthritis FLS maintained in a chronic inflammatory state we also prove that the inhibitory effect of octreotide on interleukin and tumor necrosis factorα production depended on the increase in interleukin since neutralizing antiinterleukin antibody was able to partially reverse this inhibition in addition our observations suggest an octreotide control on P2 signaling with an inhibitory effect on P2 px and py receptors activation this would have great implications considering the roles of p receptors in the onset of inflammation data here reported extend knowledge on the biological action of octreotide and underline its multiple effects on immune response which could make octreotide an attractive and valid support for the therapy of diseases where several inflammatory mediators are involved such as rheumatoid ICA and in which the simultaneous action on different aspects can be a successful strategy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1302 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2252", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "P2" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 793 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "purinergic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2254", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "IORT iort is a method of accelerated PBI developed to replace other longer courses of radiotherapy with a single radiation session administered at the time of breastconserving surgery the purpose of this review is to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of breast iort techniques that are currently available as well to consider potential alternative techniques for breast iort or ultrashort course breast radiotherapy furthermore we highlight the published outcomes for the iort treatment approaches including electron therapy SF photon therapy and other techniques potential future directions of iort are explored including novel iort techniques utilizing intraoperative brachytherapy with inroom imaging and rapid RTP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 726 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2255", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "IORT" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 4 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "intraoperative radiation therapy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2257", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "RA arthritis ra is an autoimmune disease characterised by chronic inflammation of the synovial joints joint malformations and disability the continuous use of conventional antiinflammatory drugs is associated with severe adverse effects grape seed PA extract gspe is considered to have protective effects against several diseases in this study based on the mouse adjuvantinducedarthritis aia MM we examined the effects of gspe on the key mediators of arthritic inflammation namely t cell subsets glucocorticoidinduced tumour necrosis factor receptor gitr expressing cells cdcdfoxp RII t treg cells th cells thth cytokines and inflammatory mediator gene expression we treated balbc mice with or mgkg gspe or saline daily days per orally po at the ON of aia at the peak phase of aia day the heparinised whole blood and ankle joints of all groups were collected and tested gspetreated mice showed a substantial reduction in the levels of t cell subsets gitrexpressing cells and th cytokines as well as the inflammatory mediators mcp mip and icam that induce them compared with the vehicletreated saline and arthritic mice however gspe significantly upregulated the number of tregs and th cytokine producing cell number or it also induced thtreg rebalance and orchestrated various proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines and the gene expression of their mediators that mediate cellular infiltration into the joints this might contribute to its antiarthritic activity our results suggest that po treatment with gspe att aia in mice might offer a promising alternativeadjunct treatment for ra" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1593 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2258", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PA" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 250 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "proanthocyanidin" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2260", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the role of intracellular ph and ca and their association with mitochondrial dysfunction and intracellular ROS species ros are explored in the chemoprevention of CC DMH dmh a potent procarcinogen with selectivity for the colon at a dose of mgkg body weight was used to induce initial stages of colon CA when administered for weeks in SD rats diclofenac a preferential cyclooxygenase inhibitor was used at the antiinflammatory dose mgkg body weight for chemoprevention the control group was administered vehicles for both dmh and diclofenac a diclofenacalone group with the same dose was also run simultaneously intracellular ph values as determined by biscarboxyethyl carboxyfluorescein fluorescence CA showed an alkaline ph in colonocytes from the dmhtreated group as compared with the control group moreover the level of intracellular ca was also found to be decreased with dmh treatment as shown by the fura AM study and chlortetracycline assay apoptosis was studied by comet assay and apaf immunofluorescent expression and was found to be markedly decreased in this group indicating that disturbances in ph and ca homeostasis promoted proliferation in colon and inhibited apoptosis changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and ros C2 were analyzed in isolated colonocytes by Rh and dichlorofluorescein diacetate labeling respectively dmh treatment promoted a higher mitochondrial membrane potential while reducing ros C2 these parameters are known to be associated with ph and ca changes intracellularly and hence can be suggested to be linked with them in this T0 also diclofenac promoted apoptosis in colonocytes when coadministered with dmh and also ameliorated the changes observed in the above parameters confirming these mechanisms as early events for the onset of apoptosis in CA cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1799 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2261", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DMH" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 168 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2263", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "three kinds of nanosilver colloids have been prepared by electrolysis of silver rod using sodium citrate solution and agno mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution as electrolyte and applying v direct current for one hour nanosilver colloids have been investigated by means of tem absorption spectrum electrophoresis experiment and sers the particle size ranges roughly from nm to nm spheroid for sample from nm to nm spheroid for sample and from to manysided for sample featuring absorption maximum at and nm respectively the surface charge of these three kinds of colloidal silver particles is positive in order to test if these nanosilver colloids can be used for sers research the cationic molecular fuchsine basic methylene blue anionic molecular BA MO neutral molecular alcidine orange and sudan red were used it was found that these nanosilver colloids have strong sers activity furthermore the nanosilver colloids that used agno mixed with PVA solution as electrolyte has the strongest sers activity among all the tested molecules the sers of MO has been obtained on the nanosilver colloids which has not been obtaind on the colloids prepared by electrolysis of silver rod using sodium citrate solution and on the gray and yellow silver colloids prepared by traditional means the possible reason has been explained one L1 advantage of this method using agno mixed with polyvinyl alcohol solution as electrolyte is the absence of the spectral interference" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1459 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2264", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MO" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 754 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "methyl orange" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2266", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "MRSA mrsa is an increasingly common nosocomial pathogen in health care facilities throughout the world overall approximately twothirds of nosocomial cases and outbreaks have occurred in critical care units L1 risk AF for colonisation and infection in nursing homes include age underlying conditions nasal colonisation and the presence of indwelling devices such as catheters tracheostomies and NG tubes in GA patients with mrsa infections in an acute care facility are more likely to have had a prolonged hospital stay to have received prior antibiotics and to have severe underlying disease than patients INF with MSSA risk factors for mrsa bacteraemia include a higher frequency of severe underlying disease poorer underlying prognosis prior antibiotic therapy prolonged hospitalisation intravascular catheterisation and intensive ECU location risk AF for developing mrsa postoperative wound infections include prior antimicrobial therapy prolonged hospitalisation and severity of underlying disease little data are available to identify TPS risk AF for colonisation or infection of burn wounds by mrsa" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1104 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2267", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MSSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "methicillinsusceptible s aureus" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2269", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "following pretreatment with a nondepleting anticd mab h that produces longlasting receptor saturation plj mice were fully protected from exp autoimmune encephalomyelitis eae induced by injection of BP mbp these mice did not develop eae following mbp rechallenge weeks later when the cd cells were no longer coated by the mab and their CL node cells were specifically unresponsive to mbp stimulation in vitro moreover superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin b seb inoculation which reinduces eae in mbp immunized mice failed to activate encephalitogenic tcells in anticd mbp treated mice even after mbp rechallenge indicating that tolerance in the IP tcell compartment was achieved however mbp rechallenge weeks later but not seb produced an acute episode of eae in these mice while it failed to induce disease in a parallel group of ATx mice these results indicate that no memory of the first priming exists at this time and that new mbpspecific tcell precursors are peripheralized and produce eae T3 mbp recognition" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1016 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2270", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ATx" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 836 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "adult thymectomized" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2272", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "five years of clinical experience of the PWS using the flashlamppumped dye laser is presented the dye laser when turned to a wavelength of nanometres with a short pulsewidth of the order of microseconds may be used to target selectively the dilated vasculature constituting the lesion patients with ages ranging from years were treated under GA anaesthetic using a computer controlled scanning system developed by the authors several repeat treatments were found to be necessary results are presented ranging from total eradication of the lesion to marginal lightening only no scarring of the treated sites was evident" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 618 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2273", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PWS" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 44 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "treatment of portwine stains" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2275", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "dielectrophoretic force microscopy depfm and spectroscopy have been performed on individual intact surfaceimmobilized rat red blood cells DEP force spectra were obtained in situ in approximately ms and could be acquired over a region comparable in dimension to the ERP diameter of a SPM tip good PA was observed between the measured DEP spectra and predictions using a singleshell cell model in addition to allowing for highly localized dielectric characterization depfm provided a simple means for noncontact imaging of mammalian blood cells under AQ conditions these studies demonstrate the feasibility of using depfm to monitor localized changes in membrane capacitance in real time with high spatial resolution on immobilized cells complementing previous studies of mobile whole cells and cell suspensions" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2276", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DEP" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 336 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dielectrophoretic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2278", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "coadministration of the iron chelator DEX reduces by the incidence of heart failure in cancer patients treated with anthracyclines the clinical application of dexrazoxane is limited however because its ability to inhibit topoisomerase iiα topa is feared to adversely affect anthracycline chemotherapy which involves topamediated generation of dna doublestrand breaks dsb here we investigated the apoptotic effects of DEX and the anthracycline doxorubicin CT and in combination in a RT cell line with conditionally regulated expression of topa each drug caused apoptosis that was only partly dependent on topa unexpectedly dexrazoxane was found to cause topa SD thereby reducing the doxorubicininduced accumulation of dsb despite this latter effect DEX showed no adverse effect on doxorubicininduced apoptosis this could be explained by the topaindependent AI effects of each drug those of doxorubicin included topaindependent dsb formation and SD of intracellular glutathione whereas those of dexrazoxane were caspase independent in conclusion both doxorubicin and DEX induce apoptosis via topadependent and topaindependent mechanisms the latter compensating for the reduction in cell killing due to dexrazoxaneinduced topa depletion these observations suggest an explanation for the absence of adverse DEX effects on clinical responses to doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1352 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2279", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DEX" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 41 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dexrazoxane" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2281", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "new technology has produced automatic cardioverterdefibrillators capable of delivering ATP as well as low and high SE shocks and backup bradycardia pacing these expanded treatment options have led to a wider range of clinical applications for such devices including the treatment of ventricular tachycardias with longer cycle lengths which may overlap the CLs of some SVA the diagnostic capability of these devices although improved has not T3 sufficiently to ensure reliable discrimination between all supraventricular and VAs two cases are presented in which devicemediated pacing therapy triggered by SVA induced IVT requiring additional therapeutic intervention this report illustrates the therapeutic versatility and some of the potential pitfalls of the recently developed devices and reviews the status of automatic arrhythmia identification technology" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 859 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2282", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SVA" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 607 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "supraventricular arrhythmias" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2284", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the modulation of ach on delayed rectifierlike potassium currents ik was studied in freshly dissociated CBF cortical SN using the wholecell patchclamp technique wistar rats between and day old of both sexes were used after rats were decapitated their brains were quickly removed iced and then manually cut into mum slices slices were then incubated for h at degrees c in a buffered artificial cerebrospinal fluid acsf bubbled with o co slices were then removed into buffered acsf containing protease mgml at degrees c after min of enzyme digestion tissue was rinsed three times in the buffered saline then the enzymetreated slices were mechanically dissociated with a graded series of firepolished pasteur pipettes the cell suspension was then plated into a mm dish and placed on the stage of a olympus inverted TSM for wholecell recordings of currents standard voltageclamp techniques were used SN were held at mv and the ik was evoked by ms ON voltage commands to potential between mv and mv in mv steps applied at a frequency of hz it was found that the GABA effect of ach mumoll on ik was dosedependent it was also found that ach affected the activation process of ik significantly ie the activation curve of ik was characterized by halfactivation potential of mv and a Mw factor of mv in the cortical neurons and they were changed to mv and mv respectively T3 giving ach mumoll TC mumoll antagonized the inhibitory effect of ach on ik and the drop of currents varied from the control value of to n p damp mumoll blocked the inhibitory effect of ach on ik and the currents reduced from the control value of to n p pirenzepin did not antagonize the inhibition of ach on ik n p chelerythrine mumoll blocked the inhibitory effect of ach on ik and the currents reduced from the control value of to n p on the contrary pdbu mumoll strengthened the inhibition of ach on ik and the drop of currents changed from the control value of to n p pdbu abolished the antagonism of chelerythrine on ach in cortical SN it is suggested that the achinduced depolarization of neurons in the cortex is attributed to the inhibition of ik that is most likely evoked by the activation of nicotinic ach receptors and muscarinic m receptor via protein kinase c pkc signal transduction pathway" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2270 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2285", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "tubocurarine" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2287", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the va cardiovascular assessment reporting and tracking cart system is a customized electronic medical record system which provides standardized report generation for cardiac catheterization procedures serves as a national data repository and is the centerpiece of a national QI program like many health IT projects cart implementation did not proceed without some barriers and resistance we describe the nationwide implementation of cart at the va hospitals which perform cardiac catheterizations in three phases strategic collaborations installation and adoption throughout implementation success required a careful balance of technical clinical and organizational factors we offer strategies developed through cart implementation which are broadly applicable to technology projects aimed at improving the SQ reliability and efficiency of health care" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 852 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2288", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "QI" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 278 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "quality improvement" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2290", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the pathogenesis of poliovirus infection responsible for the induction of a poliovirusspecific mucosal immune response following intraperitoneal ip inoculation of virus in mice transgenic for the PV receptor pvrtg mice was studied following inoculation of poliovirus replication was determined by increase in virus titre tcid and by pcr of poliovirusspecific negativestrand rna in peritoneal macrophages MES lymph NO peyers patches duodenum brain kidney and CL the presence of poliovirus antigens in several cell types was detected by immunolabelling it was demonstrated that PV replicated in the peritoneal macrophages of pvrtg mice since the virus titre in peritoneal cells was increased compared to the titre in the inoculum negativestrand rna was detected in these cells and most of the poliovirusimmunostained cells had the morphology of macrophages and expressed the macrophagespecific markers cd and m on their surface furthermore in peritoneal lavage poliovirus was also present in cd B1 but not in dendritic or TA moreover poliovirus was detected in MLC in the lamina propria of the intestine but not in epithelial cells replication of PV in MES lymph nodes PPs and brain was followed by excretion of virus in the faeces this suggests that the virus is transported due to migration of macrophages from the peritoneal cavity to mesenteric lymph NO and the lamina propria of PPs it is likely that this route is responsible for the induction of virusspecific iga in the gut" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1479 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2291", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PPs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1170 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "peyers patches" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2293", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "previous studies have shown that neutrophils PR a stable factor that inhibits EDR in the present studies the effects of S9 derived from various cells on EDR were studied cells were obtained from seven sources human hematopoietic cells including mononuclear leukocytes mono polymorphonuclear leukocytes pmns and chronic lymphocytic leukemia cll cells cells of the CVS including human EC cell L1 ecv human smooth muscle cells and rat myocardial cells and the tumor cell line hpb these isolated or cultured cells were incubated for h in krebs solution to release the factor the results showed that the S9 from cellsml of all cells except the tumor cell L1 hpb produced a potent GABA effect on EDR of rat aortic rings in response to acetylcholine and ca ionophores a and ionomycin but not on endotheliumindependent relaxation to nitroprusside and glyceryl trinitrate when the concentration increased to cellml the S9 from the tumor cell L1 hpb also sligk of pregnancy had less information about contraceptives and fewer attitudes that supported contraceptive use than females who participated in the same shool health classes more males than females indicated that school classes had been the main source of contraceptive information teenage women in the FPC did not differ from the high school females in attitudes about contraceptives but the school group had somewhat more contraceptive information the female school group was more likely to have discussed contraception with parents obtained more contraception information from their mothers and discussed contraception more with male friends than the teenagers who requested contraceptives at the FPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1651 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2294", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "FPC" ], "offsets": [ [ 1648, 1651 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "family planning clinic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2296", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the aim of this followup study is to validate the clinical significance of quantitative morphometric and dna flow cytometric variables as independent prognostic AF of overall survival and PFS survival in EOC RT samples were collected from patients with epithelial ovarian carcinoma at hospitals in the netherlands evaluated clinicopathologic variables were age histologic AT1 differentiation grade clinical stage international federation of gynecology and obstetrics figo presence of ascites SS ca and the completeness of debulking surgery morphometry and dna flow cytometric techniques were assessed on each tumor sample to determine the MAI mai volume phis as less bright regions being more dynamic a conclusion also supported by fluorescence anisotropy decay kinetics we infer that the comparatively higher flexibility associated with euchromatin can be directly measured by fluorescence lifetimes and fluorescence anisotropy decay kinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 943 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2297", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MAI" ], "offsets": [ [ 639, 642 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "mitotic activity index" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2299", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "findings from orbital computed tomography scans have shown inflammatory enlargement of the levator palpebralis superioris complex to be a likely cause of eyelid retraction in dysthyroid gravess ophthalmopathy we have studied a subgroup of nine dysthyroid patients in whom the eyelid retraction occurs as a relative malposition of the globe and eyelid due to IR restriction our explanation of this phenomenon in nine patients is based on herings law increased innervation required for a fixating superior rectus muscle to overcome a severely restricted IR muscle causes an unrestricted levator muscle to open the eyelid abnormally wide relative to the globe the retraction is best demonstrated with fixation of the involved eye we have performed IR recession to correct this type of eyelid retraction in three of our patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 824 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2300", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "IR" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 747 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "inferior rectus" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2302", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "interferon RII factor irf as a CE PE of ifnγsignaling plays a critical role in tumor suppression however its expression and underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive in renal cell carcinoma rcc here we examined irf expression and methylation in rcc cell lines and primary tumors and further assessed its RT suppressive functions we found that irf was widely expressed in human normal tissues including kidney but frequently downregulated by promoter methylation in rcc cell lines irf methylation was detected in of primary PT but not in adjacent nonmalignant renal tissues and associated with higher tumor NG of rcc ectopic expression of irf inhibited colony formation and migration abilities of rcc cells through inducing cell cycle gm arrest and apoptosis ifnγ could induce irf expression in rcc cells together with increased cleavedparp we further found that irf inhibited expression of oncogenes yap and survivin as well as upregulated expression of tumor suppressor genes casp p and pten collectively our data demonstrate that irf as a functional RT suppressor is frequently methylated in rcc and irfmediated interferon signaling is involved in rcc pathogenesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1172 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2303", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NG" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 613 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nuclear grade" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2305", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "to compare the tau of danazol and triptorelin decapeptyl cr ferring kiel germany in the management of moderate and severe endometriosis in terms of symptom control and revised AFS afs score reduction and to evaluate the hormonal profile of patients treated with triptorelin every weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 285 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2306", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AFS" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 179 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "american fertility society" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2308", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the low molecular weight polypeptide required for energydependent proteolysis ubiquitin is rapidly inactivated by x g S9 of rb CL extracts ubiquitin inactivation results from limited proteolysis by an endogenous contaminating lysosomal thiol protease having trypsinlike specificity evidence for this includes a ph optimum of for the first order constant of ubiquitin inactivation and observation that inactivation is inhibited by edta ophenanthroline iodoacetamide PCMB phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride n alphaptosylllysine chloromethyl ketone leupeptin soybean trypsin inhibitor and aprotinin metals stimulate but are not required for ubiquitin inactivation with the effect apparently mediated by a low molecular weight HL component of crude extracts when this heatlabile component is removed by gel exclusion chromatography a number of metals inhibit ubiquitin inactivation in the presence of excess dithiothreitol inhibition is relatively TPS for znii inhibition by znii is specifically overcome competitively by cdii or by a concentration of ubiquitin in excess of znii the responsible cat possesses a molecular mass of kda by gel exclusion chromatography and shows marked thermal lability at neutral ph but stability at acid ph proteolytic inactivation of ubiquitin results from limited cleavage of the carboxylterminal glycine dipeptide required for isopeptide bond formation and is supported by data on isoelectric point changes on subsequent digestion with CPB and by direct amino acid analysis when the responsible cathepsin is inactivated liver extracts display atpubiquitindependent proteolysis that cannot be ascribed to contaminating erythrocytes thus the previous inability to demonstrate energydependent proteolysis in liver extracts is accounted for by the artifactual inactivation of ubiquitin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1807 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2309", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PCMB" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 469 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pchloromercuribenzoic acid" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2311", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the role of nitric oxide no on CL oxidative AS and tissue injury in rats subjected to tourniquet shock was investigated this shock model differs from others in that injury is a consequence of lung damage liver oxidative AS becomes evident after hind limb reperfusion as evidenced by the loss of total tissue thiols by increases in tissue oxidized glutathione gssg lipid peroxidation lpo plasma aminotransferases alanine aminotransferase alt and AST aminotransferase ast and plasma nitrites and by a loss in total superoxide dismutase sod activity HPB flow is reduced by after h of hind limb reperfusion inhibition of no synthesis with L-NA methyl ester or larginine methyl ester increased mean arterial blood pressure further reduced portal blood flow and aggravated CL injury as assessed by further loss in total thiols increased lpo and gssg content and further increases in plasma alt and ast total plasma nitrites were lower than in control animals and total tissue sod activity decreased by more than treatment with the no donor sodium nitroprusside reverted the decrease in HPB flow and also reverted tissue thiol loss lpo and gssg increases as well as the loss of alt and ast to plasma and of sod activity to levels comparable to UT control shock animals as expected plasma nitrites were greater than in tourniquet control animals these data support the hypothesis that endogenous no formation protects the rat CL from the consequences of oxidative stress elicited by hind limb reperfusion in rats subjected to tourniquet shock" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1534 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2312", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "lung" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "remote organ" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2314", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "effects of postural NC on plasma catecholamine levels were examined in children with OD od special interest was focused on plasma dopamine and dopaminebetahydroxylase dbh activity since one patient showed a prominent rise in plasma dopamine from pmoll to nmoll in postural NC she had a wide fluctuation of plasma dopamine from pmoll to nmoll during hours of observation period but PNE and EN remained within the normal range as well as urinary excretion of catecholamines of children with od had a marked increase in plasma dopamine whereas showed a reduction of it by postural change plasma dbh activity was significantly decreased in the former nmolhml while it was elevated in the latter nmolhml p less than vs the former although dbh activity in individuals was not affected by postural NC these results indicate the involvement of DA instability as a cause of od in childhood" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 880 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2315", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "OD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "orthostatic dysregulation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2317", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "diabetic patients who undergo lower extremity surgical revascularization for CLI cli are at high risk for amputation or death even when their inpatient procedures are successful we hypothesized that postoperative outcomes might be improved in regions where diabetics with cli receive more frequent highquality OP care" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 317 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2318", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CLI" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 80 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "critical limb ischemia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2320", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "subcutaneous panniculitislike tcell lymphoma sptcl is characterized by panniculitic infiltrates that may be difficult to distinguish from inflammatory disorders particularly LEP lep we report on patients mf median age y range to y presenting with lobular panniculitic infiltrates showing histopathologic features of both sptcl and lep in different parts of the same biopsy specimen the areas showing aspects of sptcl revealed dense infiltrates of small and mediumsized atypical αβ tcytotoxic lymphocytes with focal rimming of the adipocytes and high proliferation in other Az the infiltrate was composed of nodules of b lymphocytes arranged characteristically at the periphery of the fat lobules and in the septa and showing a low proliferation rate CD4+ plasmocytoid dendritic cells arranged in small clusters could be observed in cases our observation raises an important question concerning the relationship between sptcl and lep a simple chance overlap of unrelated pathologies seems unlikely as we could observe these unusual features in cases much more than mere chance would justify three other hypotheses may explain the features observed in our patients these are examples ofnts is increasing however few studies document safety and tolerability in conjunction with defined clinical end points this paper reports the effects of days of supplementation with either a single bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis bl or a doublestrain lactobacillus acidophilus ncfm and bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis bi probiotic on routine haematology and clinical chemistry measures in healthy active adults pre to postintervention changes in laboratory measures were determined and compared between supplement and placebo groups overall there were few differences in routine haematology and clinical chemistry measures between supplement and placebo groups postintervention exceptions included plasma calcium p and urea p however observed changes were small and within assayspecific laboratory reference ranges these data provide evidence supporting the use of these probiotic supplements over a period of months in healthy AS adults without obvious safety or tolerability issues" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2181 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2321", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LEP" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 177 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "lupus erythematosus profundus" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2323", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "male syrian golden hamsters were given a pellet diet containing BHA bha or a powdered diet containing bha for weeks papillomas of the forestomach were induced in all hamsters given either of these diets" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 202 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2324", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "BHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "butylated hydroxyanisole" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2326", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the incidence of psychopathology in persons arrested for driving while intoxicated dwi has serious implications in both ALC treatment and in general highway safety this T0 investigated the types of psychopathology as measured by the minnesota multiphasic FPI mmpi in a sample of males referred for treatment by a court diversion program" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 336 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2327", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "FPI" ], "offsets": [ [ 255, 258 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "personality inventory" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2329", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "although considerable data exist regarding the function of prosthetic HR valves phv at rest few data exist regarding the response to exercise thus we studied by doppler echocardiography asymptomatic patients with phv mitral aortic of varying type and normal persons before and T3 symptom limited upright bicycle exercise rest and exercise hemodynamics blood velocity gradients HR rate stroke volume and cardiac output was examined in patients with mitral phv maximal gmax and mean gmean gradients increased from to mmhg and from to mmhg both p respectively in patients with aortic phv gmax and gmean increased from to mmhg and from to mmhg both p respectively LR analysis demonstrated a relationship between the change in gradient with exercise nd change in stroke volume and cardiac SO importantly the largest gradient produced by exercise is related and predicted by the rest gradient in comparison with normal valves maximal and MBV were significantly p greater across phv but NC in velocity with exercise did no differ significantly between prosthetic and normal valves in conclusion exercise doppler echocardiography provides a good method to assess phv CF" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1161 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2330", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MBV" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 935 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "mean blood velocity" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2332", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in a cooperative study conducted by nine different hospitals between and the results of a shortterm test in vitro cell suspension incubation with cytostatics for three hours determination of the effect of the cytostatic by means of radioactive precursors and liquid scintillation counter were compared with the results of a cytostatic treatment in patients seventytwo patients with ovarian carcinomas patients with bronchial carcinomas and patients with mammary carcinomas were treated according to a uniform therapy schedule the remaining patients were treated according to different therapy schedules the results of the tests in vitro in which the proliferationdependent effect of hydroperoxycyclophosphamide and DOX was determined agree well with those of the clinical therapy tumors that responded only slightly to cytostatics in the test were also clinically progressive of the PT which proved to be resistant to doxorubicin concentration mgml were clinically progressive PT were in remission and were unchanged when the alternative evaluations progression remission alone were compared with the test results of tumors resistant in the test also proved to be clinically progressive" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1186 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2333", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DOX" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 718 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "doxorubicin hydrochloride" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2335", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "TMT tmt is an alkyltin that targets SN of the limbic system a gene probe ie mrna for myelin basic protein mbp a L1 component of CNS system myelin was used to monitor this toxic neuropathy in spraguedawley rats animals were administered a single intraperitoneal injection of tmthydroxide at a neuropathic mgkgbody wt or nonneuropathic mgkgbody wt dose and sampled at or days postexposure to correlate the progression of hippocampal neuropathology with probe ie mbpmrna C2 microscopic examination of the brain showed only moderate but progressive damage over the day PE period in animals treated with the neuropathic dose neuronal loss was first observed in the dendate gyrus and ca at day PE and PD to the cac sector at and PE elsewhere in the brain minimal involvement of the entorhinal cortex SN occurred days postexposure and intensified by days no histological damage was seen at the nonneuropathic mgkg dose for gene probe analysis the brain was divided into anterior and posterior halves in rats treated with the neuropathic dose of tmt the anterior brain showed progressive depressions of mbpmrna levels over the and day PE period that correlated with increasing hippocampal neuropathology the posterior brain showed no significant changes in mbpmrna levels with respect to that of controls over the same trected for free oleate concentration activation of protein kinase c by oleate showed MZ dose dependence in cytosol and TH arachidonate a potential physiologic activator of protein kinase c showed similar SMB as oleate although only of AA partitioned into PLT membranes with the majority of arachidonate remaining in the cytosolic fractionabstract truncated at words" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1677 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2336", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PE" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "postexposure" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2338", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "although mouse models of inflammatory skin diseases such as PS and AD fail to completely phenocopy disease in humans they provide invaluable tools to examine the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the epidermal PH inflammation and excess angiogenesis observed in human disease we have previously characterized a tyrosine kinase with immunoglobinlike and epidermal growth factorlike domain tie TGM model of an inflammatory skin disease exhibiting these features more specifically we demonstrated that the inflammatory component consisted of increased infiltration of CD4+ t lymphocytes and mast cells in the skin here we further characterize the inflammatory component in the blood and skin of tie transgenic mice at cellular and molecular C2 we observed increased numbers of cdpositive t lymphocytes in the blood and increased infiltration of eosinophils in the skin furthermore we characterized cytokine protein and mRNA in the blood and skin respectively and observed the deregulated expression of cytokines associated with th and eosinophil immune responses interestingly treatment of tie transgenic mice with anticd antibody appeared to resolve aspects of inflammation but did not resolve epidermal PH suggesting an important role for eosinophils in mediating the inflammatory skin disease observed in tie transgenic mice" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1340 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2339", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CD4+" ], "offsets": [ [ 581, 585 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cdpositive" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2341", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "among several alterations affecting the CVS during severe sepsis or SS myocardial depression has been pointed out with increasing attention over the last years as a frequent and often misdiagnosed clinical condition as expected patients with cardiac dysfunction during sepsis have a worse prognosis than those without in the present review we will first discuss the etiology pathophysiology monitoring and clinical manifestations of cardiac dysfunction in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock thereafter we will briefly present the evidence on the role of circulating biomarkers of cardiac function in the management of sepsis circulating cardiac biomarkers are becoming increasingly popular in cardiovascular diseases as they are a simple and costeffective tool for triage diagnosis and prognosis their importance during sepsis is related to the OD of complications due to an aging population with frequent comorbidities and a scarce functional reserve we will focus on two TPS markers of cardiac origin troponins which reveal cardiac myocytes injury and natriuretic MMP as indicators of cardiac chambers WS and fluid homeostasis the bulk of evidences accumulated so far on cardiac markers support their role as prognostic indicators with marginal improvement in terms of accuracy as compared to widely employed clinical scores their potential to satisfy unmet needs in the daily care of septic patients is more appealing in particular for monitoring the cardiovascular system during support therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1507 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2342", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CVS" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 43 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cardiovascular system" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2344", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "HLA-DR hla mismatches have been shown to adversely affect renal allograft outcomes and remain an important component of the allocation of deceased donor dd kidneys the ongoing importance of hla mismatches on SPK outcomes in the era of more potent IS remains debatable using australia and new zealand dialysis and SPK registry live and dd renal Tx between and were examined the association between the number of hla mismatches and hlaloci mismatches and outcomes were examined of the renal transplant recipients had between and hla mismatches compared with hla mismatch increasing hla mismatches were associated with a higher risk of graft failure and patient death in the adjusted models hla mismatches were associated with an incremental risk of rejection although the relative risk was higher for live donor kidney transplants increasing hlaab and hladr mismatches were associated with a greater risk of AR VG failure deathcensored VG failure andor death there was no consistent association between initial immunosuppressive regimen and outcomes our results corroborate and extend the previous registry analyses demonstrating that hla mismatches are associated with poorer SPK outcomes independent of IS and SPK era" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1217 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2345", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "VG" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 936 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "graft" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2347", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "immunocytochemistry was used to study the distribution of GABA acid gaba throughout the CE visual nuclei and retina in rana pipiens in the retina gaba immunoreactivity both somata and SF was observed in all layers except the outer nuclear SL onl contrary to earlier reports about of total SN within ganglion cell SL gcl expressed GABA-IR doublelabeling studies indicated that about half of the gabacontaining perikarya in the gcl were retinal GCs rgcs in the diencephalon intensely labeled gabaimmunoreactive SN and nerve SF were observed within the neuropil of bellonci nb and corpus geniculatum cg while only immunoreactive puncta were found in the rostral visual nucleus rvn in the pretectal region the posterior thalamic nucleus npt contained the most intensely labeled gaba immunoreactive perikarya and nerve SF in the entire BB lightly immunoreactive perikarya were also found in the largecelled nucleus lentiformis mesencephali nlm as well as in the pretectal gray which contains SN postsynaptic to the retinal terminal zones within nlm in the OT ot both immunoreactive perikarya and fibers were found within superficial layers and whereas only densely packed immunoreactive perikarya were evident in the deep tectal layers ie the nucleus of the basal optic root nbor contained a small number of lightly labeled GABA-IR perikarya mostly located in the dorsal half of the nucleus a large number of perikarya within the NI ni were also immunostained" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1454 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2348", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "GABA-IR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1326 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "gabaimmunoreactive" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2350", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "PSP is used for testing renal function however its excretion mechanism has not been elucidated the purpose of this T0 was therefore to elucidate the transportermediated excretion system for PSP paminohippuric acid a ATP of rat OAT roat and cimetidine a substrate of roat reduced the urinary excretion of phenolsulfonphthalein the uptake of PSP by kidney slices was found to consist of two components the ic values of roat substrates were higher than those of roat substrates in the presence of cimetidine the eadiehofstee plot gave a single straight L1 the profile of the PSP uptake component in the presence of cimetidine was similar to that of the lowaffinity component in the absence of cimetidine we conclude that roat and roat are involved in the renal uptake of phenolsulfonphthalein and that phenolsulfonphthalein is a highaffinity ATP for roat but is a relatively lowaffinity ATP for roat" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 896 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2351", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PSP" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 575 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "phenolsulfonphthalein" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2353", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "metabolic syndrome ms increases a risk of developing cardiovascular disease cvd and type diabetes mellitus tdm the VDR vdr may be important for developing ms the aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between the vdr gene polymorphisms and ms in north china" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 270 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2354", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "VDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 115, 118 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "vitamin d receptor gene" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2356", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the study is presenting own experience with the use of percutaneous balloon angioplasty in the patients with the strictures of ureteroenteric anastomoses a T0 group consisted of patients with urinary TCC in whom ureteroenteric anastomosis was performed all patients developed in the postoperative period ureter strictures or the stenosis at the junction point of ureteroenterostomy resulting in PR of urea in the ureter and pyelocalyceal system requiring PCN highpressure balloon catheter inserted through the nephrostomy was placed centrally in the point of stenosis the catheter was insufflated with physiological saline solution and UCA until ballon waisting disappeared subsequently temporary doublej catheter with diameter of f or f was inserted and remained in place for the period of months all patients were followedup for years and underwent control usg and ct examinations fourteen urethral dilatations of bilateral strictures were performed in patients and in patients with unilateral strictures in cases the symptoms of stenosis disappeared for the period of year procedure of ballon dilatation follow by introduction of the doublej catheter should be method of first choice in all cases of benign ureteroileal anastomotic strictures" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1245 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2357", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PCN" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "percutaneous nephrostomy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2359", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the mage gene family encodes antigens that are recognized by cytotoxic tcells the expression of mage antigens has been linked to pT and mage MMP are under investigation as possible vaccines seminomas are PT that are typically accompanied by a heavy inflammatory infiltrate but have not been studied with regard to their mage antigen expression and its rho with the inflammatory infiltrate we investigated therefore mage protein expression the amount of cytotoxic tcells clonality of the lymphocytic infiltrate AI activity and occurrence of CN specimens of patients with classical seminoma were examined by immunohistochemistry for cd cd cd cdr betamicroglobulin and hladr mage expression was detected with the monoclonal antibody b reactive with mage and clonality of the inflammatory infiltrate was examined by multiplex PCR reaction pcr analysis of the tcell receptor rearrangement AI cells were detected by dna nickend labeling of fragmented dna and the AI was determined semiquantitatively expression of b was found in of seminomas in all cases more than of tcells expressed cdr in four cases a predominant infiltration of cdpositive cytotoxic tcells cdcd ratio was present however seminomas showed a cdcd ratio in all cases infiltration of CD4+ natural killer cells was only focal DR expression was not detectable in RT tissue betamicroglobulin was only focal in three cases analysis of the tcell clonality revealed a polyclonal population the AI was not significantly different in bpositive seminomas compared with b negative seminomas also no correlation between the b expression and the occurrence of CN was found mage antigens are homogeneously expressed in most seminomas but their presence does not appear to represent a dominant epitope responsible for the lymphocytic infiltrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1791 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2360", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AI" ], "offsets": [ [ 957, 959 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "apoptotic index" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2362", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "flavonoids have been suggested as potential therapeutic agents due to their ability avoid tissue damage resulting from inflammatory processes flavonoids are known to react with hypochlorous acid produced by neutrophils to form stable mono and dichlorinated products however in spite of the possible production of these products at inflammatory CS little is known about their potential biological activity in this study we investigated the effect of chlorinated flavonoids and their parent compounds in neutrophils OB and in its lifespan the obtained results demonstrate that chlorinated flavonoids were more efficient than their parent EDC in modulating neutrophils OB in PMA acetateactivated neutrophils some of the tested flavonoids induce neutrophil apoptosis in a ICE dependent fashion the present data showed that some of the tested favonoids constitute an alternative antiinflammatory therapy due to the proven ability to suppress mechanisms engaged at the onset and progression of inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1000 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2363", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "OB" ], "offsets": [ [ 666, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "oxidative burst" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2365", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "lectins represent a heterogeneous group of proteinsglycoproteins with unique carbohydrate specificity with wide range of biomedical applications the multistep purification protocols generally used for purification of lectin result in a significant reduction in the final yield and activity in the present study morus rubra lectin mrl was purified to homogeneity from the leaves using a singlestep immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography imac procedure the approximate molecular weight of purified mrl resolved as a single band on sdspage was kda final percentage yield of purified lectin by imac was calculated as purified mrl was TPS to three sugars Gal dgalactosamine and GalNAc and rendered HA ha activity towards different human blood group rbcs mrl showed stability over a wide range of temperature up to °c and ph chelation of the lectin with edta did not alter ha which indicates that metal ion is not required for activity in the presence of fe ca zn ni mn na and k ha activity was reduced to whereas the presence of trivalent metal ions fe and al and cu did not affect the activity in the presence of mg and hg only of ha activity remained" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1155 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2366", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "GalNAc" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 686 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nacetyldgalactosamine" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2368", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "SPE spe procedure on ODS c was developed for accumulation of volatile EDC from grape distillates the procedure was optimised for final analysis by capillary gas chromatography at mass concentrations in model solutions ranging from to mgl SPE recoveries of all analytes ranged from for phenylethanol to for C10 with rsd values from to spe recoveries of internal standards to be added in the sample solution prior to SE higher alcohols ethylhexanol and undecanol were and respectively with rsd values of detection limits of analyzed EDC in model solutions ranged from mgl for isoamyl acetate to mgl for caproic acid method efficiency was tested in relation to acetic acid content volume fraction of ethanol and possible matrix effects a significant influence of matrix on spe efficiency for geraniol cishexenol and cishexenol was detected for the same reason phenylethanol could not be determined by developed spe method in samples of grape distillates the developed SPE method was successfully applied to determine the differences in volatile compound content in different grape distillates produced by the distillation of crushed pressed and fermented grapes" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1158 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2369", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ODS" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 24 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "octadecylsilica" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2371", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a comparative analysis of carbohydrate libraries derived from cell lines IB eselectin was used to identify endogenous proteinassociated carbohydrate ligands for eselectin three structures which together constitute less than of the total cell surface proteinassociated carbohydrate were unique to cell lines capable of binding eselectin including neutrophils and the monocytic cell line u all are tetraantennary nlinked structures with a sialic acid alpha galactose beta fucose alpha nacetyl glucosamine beta galactose beta fucose alpha nacetyl glucosamine lactosaminoglycan extension sialyldilewis x sdilex on the arm linked through the c residue on the mannose while all contained the expected slex substructure these native structures have an additional fucosylated lactosamine unit direct evidence that these sdilexcontaining structures are highaffinity ligands for eselectin came from the use of rs eselectinagarose AC these three carbohydrate structures bound specifically to the eselectin column while slex itself does not bind under identical conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1060 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2372", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "rs" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "recombinant soluble" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2374", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in order to evaluate regional muscle blood flow and oxygen utilization we study with positron emission tomography pet the CSD of co and o in subjects normals years and patients years co and o are inhalated with a steadystate technique positron tomograms are recorded in supine position at the greatest diameter of the LE consists in simultaneous ankle flexions in all normals co and o are distributed homogeneously and symmetrically in both legs at rest they concentrate in the region of vascular pedicle after exercise co and o are electively distributed in the anterolateral region of the leg in patients this pattern of distribution is similar but asymmetrical moreover the regional uptake of co and o often dissociates in conclusion co and o allow to T0 repeatedly muscle blood flow and oxygen utilization in patients with IP ischemia both at rest and after exercise the broad spectrum of pathological changes observed in this T0 needs further metabolic investigations" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 972 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2375", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LE" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "leg exercise" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2377", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the purpose of this study was to search for genomic regions influencing resting systolic sbp and diastolic dbp blood pressure bp in sedentary families baseline and for resting bp responses changes resulting from a week exercise training intervention posttrainingbaseline in the health risk factors exercise training and genetics heritage family T0 a genomewide scan was conducted on black individuals from families and WG individuals from families using a multipoint variancecomponents linkage MM and a panel of markers promising results were primarily but not exclusively found in the black families linkage evidence p with baseline bp replicated other studies within a LOD lod interval on p p and q and provided new evidence on q q and p results for several known hypertension genes were less compelling for response bp results were not very strong although markers on q were mildly suggestive p in conclusion these heritage data in conjunction with results from previous genomewide scans provide a basis for planning future investigations the L1 areas warranting further study involve fine mapping to narrow down regions on q p and q that may contain novel hypertension genes additional typing of some biological candidate genes to determine whether they are the sources of these and other signals multilocus investigations to understand how and to what extent some of these candidates may interact and multivariate studies to characterize any pleiotropy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1457 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2378", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LOD" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 674 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "logarithm of odds" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2380", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this T0 examines neoffi correlates of risk for ALC alcohol use disorders and ALC subtyping dimensions in a mixedgender sample of young adults mean age presumed to be at high risk n or low risk n for ALC on the basis of a family PH of PWS alcoholism the neoffi is a brief FPI measuring each of the key dimensions of the FFM ffmp a comprehensive empiricallyderived MM of personality structure familial risk for ALC was positively associated with openness and negatively associated with agreeableness and conscientiousness alcohol use disorders were positively associated with neuroticism and negatively associated with aggreeableness and conscientiousness with the exceptions of ALC subtyped by comorbid ASP disorder and by familial ALC all of the alcoholic subtypes examined were related to at least one of the five dimensions we conclude that the ffmp holds promise for studying personality traits in alcohol use disorders and in bringing a unifying perspectivrocytic oligodendroglial and ependymal to primitive PT with a capacity for multidirectional differentiation studies of both human and experimental primitive neuroectodermal tumors have yielded considerable information about biological features although controversies remain regarding interpretation of the findings moreover many investigators remain fixed upon the notion that discovery of the cell of origin of these tumors will somehow enhance understanding of their nature rationale for relevance of this view is examined against the current state of knowledge regarding carcinogenesis as a whole and studies of human and exp primitive neuroectodermal tumors in particular and it is concluded that the time has come to discard the archaic concept of cell of origin and devote resources to investigations of the phenotypic character of the tumor and its relationship to prognosis and treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1855 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2381", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "FFM" ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "fivefactor model of personality" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2383", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "based on a series of experiments using cultured postmitotic CM as a model system we present a novel hypothesis of lipofuscin formation this hypothesis proposes that LF is formed within AA lysosomes due to an interplay of two processes the production of partially reduced oxygen species by mitochondria and the autophagocytotic degradation within secondary lysosomes specifically it is proposed that ho generated by mitochondria and other organelles permeates into the lumen of AA lysosomes which contain iron derived from cellular structures undergoing intralysosomal Kd the interaction between reactive Fe2+ and ho results via fentontype mechanisms in the generation of hydroxyl free radicals oh inducing lipid peroxidation and eventually leading to intermolecular crosslinking and lipofuscin formation additionally mitochondria undergoing intralysosomal decomposition might continue for a certain period to produce superoxide anion radicals o and thus also ho this MM of lipofuscinogenesis could satisfactorily explain the variations observed in the rates of lipofuscinogenesis among different postmitotic cell types in various species such variations might arise from a variety of AF including differences in the efficiency of the antioxidative shield rate of ho generation amount of chainbreaking antioxidants mode of intralysosomal iron chelation rate of autophagocytosis as well as degree of efficiency of the intralysosomal hydrolytic enzymes" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1449 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2384", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Fe2+" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 608 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "ferrous iron" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2386", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "adenomatous polyposis coli apc fosters degradation of betacatenin a multifunctional protein upregulating the SS and glucocorticoidinducible kinase sgk sgk regulates a wide variety of renal transport processes the present T0 explored the possibility that apc influences renal function to this end metabolic cage experiments were performed in mice carrying a lossoffunction mutation in the apc gene apcmin their wildtype littermates apc and apcmin mice lacking PET sgk apcminsgk as a result mean body weight FI fluid intake salt appetite UF as well as plasma na and k concentrations were similar in apcmin mice apc mice and apcminsgk mice glomerular filtration rate and absolute renal na excretion were decreased and fractional urinary k excretion was enhanced in apcmin mice the antinatriuresis but not the hypofiltration and kaliuresis was partially reversed by additional lack of sgk plasma corticosterone and aldosterone concentrations were significantly enhanced in apcmin mice while the PCC was similar in apc mice and apcminsgk mice plasma aldosterone was even higher in apcminsgk mice than in apcmin mice the hyperaldosteronism of apcmin mice was paralleled by significantly elevated plasma volume and blood pressure the experiments reveal an influence of defective apc on adrenal hormone PR and renal function effects partially but not completely explained by apc dependence of sgk expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1399 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2387", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PCC" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 994 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "plasma corticosterone concentration" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2389", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in april Tx became ill T3 receiving organs infected with LCM virus lcmv subsequently died all organs came from a donor who had been exposed to a hamster infected with lcmv the hamster was traced back through a rhode island pet store to a distribution center in ohio and more lcmvinfected hamsters were discovered in both rodents from the ohio facility and its parent facility in arkansas were tested for the same lcmv CS as the involved in the transplantassociated deaths phylogenetic analysis of virus sequences linked the rodents from the ohio facility to the rhode island pet store the index hamster and the SPK recipients this report details the animal traceback and the supporting laboratory investigations" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 711 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2390", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LCM" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 60 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "lymphocytic choriomeningitis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2392", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "bothrops insularis is a snake from queimada grande island which is an island located about miles away from the southeastern coast of brazil compared to other brazilian species of bothrops the toxinology of b insularis is still poorly understood its ctype lectin is involved in several biological processes including anticoagulant and plateletmodulating activities we purified the ctype lectin bilec from bothrops insularis venom and investigated its effect in the isolated kidney bilec was purified after two chromatographic steps firstly the whole venom was submitted to an hplc molecular exclusion chromatography followed by a second purification through affinity chromatography b insularis lectin bilec was studied as to its effect on the renal CF of isolated perfused rat kidneys with the use of six WR the concentration of mugml increased perfusion pressure pp control bilec mmhg p and renal V1 resistance rvr control bilec mmhg p the UF reduced significantly at and min of perfusion uf control bilec ml g min p glomerular filtration rate gfr control bilec ml g min p diminished only at min bilec did not change the percentage of sodium tna potassium tk and chloride tubular transport tcl the histological alterations probably reflected direct injury on glomerular and tubular renal cells as demonstrated by the rise in permeability of glomerular EC cells revealed by the presence of a proteinaceous material in the bowman space we postulate that the ctype lectin b insularis promoted its effects probably through interactions with endothelial cells or through the PR of other mediators by tubular mesangial and EC cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1625 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2393", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "UF" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 942 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "urinary flow" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2395", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "cardiogenic PP waves that travel along the airway wall are captured as airflow variations synchronized with the electrocardiogram at the airway exit we have used airflow variations caused by cardiogenic pulse waves hereinafter referred to as cardiogenic oscillation to classify types of SA pulse waves do not travel downstream if there is an airway obstruction or choke point wave speed theory thus cardiogenic oscillation was detectable in central apnea or hypopnea but not in obstructive apnea in mixedtype sleep apnea cardiogenic oscillation disappeared and thus AO was judged to have occurred during CSA it was thought that obstructive SA followed CSA because there was an airway one although respiratory effort resumed T3 the end of CSA the DP of mixedtype sleep apnea was understood from the observation of cardiogenic oscillation cardiogenic oscillation is useful for not only classifying types of sleep apnea but also for detecting an AO" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 945 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2396", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CSA" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 741 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "central sleep apnea" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2398", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a gramnegative aerobic motile by single polar flagellum short rodshaped bacterium was isolated from a deepseawater sample of the southeastern pacific ocean growth was found to occur at °c at ph and in the presence of wv nacl the phylogenetic tree based on s rrna gene sequences showed that strain jltt fell within a clade comprising species of the genus parvularcula and formed a coherent cluster with parvularcula lutaonensis ccmmst NJ phylogenetic tree or parvularcula dongshanensis sht maximumlikelihood and maximumparsimony phylogenetic trees sequence similarity analyses based on s rrna gene sequences revealed that strain jltt shows high sequence similarity to p lutaonensis ccmmst p dongshanensis sht and parvularcula bermudensis htcct the L1 cellular fatty acids were identified as c summed feature c ωc andor c ωc c and c ωc the polar lipids were found to include diphosphatidylglycerol phosphatidylglycerol three sphingoglycolipids and three unknown glycolipids strain jltt was found to contain q as the predominant quinone the dna gc content was determined to be mol in the CS of the phenotypic characteristics chemotaxonomic features and phylogenetic evidence gathered in this study strain jltt lmg t cgmcc t should be classified as a novel species in the genus parvularcula for which the name parvularcula oceani corrected sp nov is proposed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1358 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2399", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NJ" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 437 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "neighbourjoining" } ] } ]

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