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[ { "id": "1801", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this research investigated the ability of humans to discriminate changes in velocity of apparent movement of a sound source as defined by the time required for the sound to traverse a deg arc in the median vertical plane apparent AEP movement was created by successive switching of the loudspeakers situated over the arc the BBN with band width of khz lowpass noise lp and of khz HP noise hp was employed as stimuli discrimination thresholds were calculated for reference velocities of and degs under four stimuli types movement of stepped movement of noise for lowpass noise and for highpass noise and continuous motion for lowpass noise and for highpass noise the result showed that discrimination of the velocity depended on the fs spectrum the differential thresholds for the signals with low pass noise were significantly higher than those for signals with high pass noise f p magnitude of the absolute thresholds was the highest when the velocity was degs for each of four types it is interesting to note that the thresholds magnitude depended on the type of signal motion that is on whether it was continuous or stepped" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1126 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1802", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "fs" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 734 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "signal frequency" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1804", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the relationships between host AF viral shedding illness severity and antibody response in respiratory syncytial virus rsvinduced bronchiolitis are poorly defined these relationships were prospectively evaluated in infants hospitalized with rsv bronchiolitis in multicenter doubleblind PCTs of rsv immunoglobulin therapy severity of illness was influenced by age and host risk AF but was not influenced by rsv NT antibody titer or by the amount of virus in NS at enrollment virus REC in NS was VL but was highest at enrollment viral shedding was not influenced by primary diagnosis antibody titer age or duration of ARI before enrollment in intubated patients the amounts of virus recovered in NS and ET aspirates were highly correlated a SN antibody response was seen in of subjects who received PL the response was not influenced by age primary diagnosis amount of virus recovered or severity of illness but was suppressed by preexisting antibody" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 948 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1805", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ARI" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 619 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "acute respiratory illness" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1807", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "depression is a common comorbid condition in parkinsons disease pd and a major contributor to poor quality of life and disability however depression can be difficult to assess in patients with pd due to overlapping PS and difficulties in the assessment of depression in cognitively impaired patients as several rating scales have been used to assess depression in pd dpd the movement disorder society commissioned a task force to assess their clinimetric properties and make clinical recommendations regarding their use a systematic literature review was conducted to explore the use of depression scales in pd and determine which scales should be selected for this review the scales reviewed were the BDI bdi hamilton depression scale hamd HAD scale hads zung SDS sds geriatric depression scale gds MADRS madrs unified parkinsons disease rating scale updrs part i cornell scale for the assessment of depression in dementia csdd and the center for epidemiologic studies depression scale cesd seven clinical researchers with clinical and research experience in the assessment of dpd were assigned to review the scales using a structured format the most appropriate scale is dependent on the clinical or research goal however observerrated scales are preferred if the T0 or clinical situation permits for screening purposes the hamd bdi hads madrs and gds are valid in dpd the cesd and csdd are alternative instruments that need validation in dpd for measurement of severity of DS the hamd madrs bdi and sds scales are recommended further studies are needed to validate the csdd which could be particularly useful for the assessment of severity of dpd in patients with comorbid dementia to account for overlapping motor and nonmotor symptoms of depression adjusted SF-36 cutoff scores may be needed for dpd and scales to assess severity of motor PS eg updrs should also be included to help adjust for confounding factors the hads and the gds include limited motor symptom assessment and may therefore be most useful in rating depression severity across a range of pd severity however these scales appear insensitive in severe depression the complex and timeconsuming task of developing a new scale to measure depression specifically for patients with pd is currently not warranted" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1808", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SDS" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 764 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "selfrating depression scale" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1810", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "GC an obligate human infection is on the rise worldwide and GC strains resistant to many antibiotics are emerging appropriate antimicrobial treatment and prevention including ERP vaccines are urgently needed to guide investigation an exp model of genital tract infection has been developed in female mice to study mechanisms by which neisseria gonorrhoeae evades hostderived antimicrobial AF and to identify protective and IS pathways refinements of the animal MM have also improved its use as a surrogate host of human infection and accelerated the testing of novel therapeutic and prophylactic EDC against gonococcal infection reviewed herein are the a history of antibiotic usage and resistance against GC and the consequences of resistance mechanisms that may increase GC fitness and therefore the potential for spread b use of gonococcal infection in the animal MM system to T0 mechanisms of pathogenesis and host defenses and" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 931 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1811", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "GC" ], "offsets": [ [ 773, 775 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "gonococcal" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1813", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we compared the accuracy of cutaneous pressure perceptionthreshold measurements with that of other sensorythreshold measurements for detecting diabetic foot ulcer patients three hundred fourteen NIDDM diabetic patients were studied of whom had either a current foot ulcer or a history of foot ulceration foot ulcer patients had much higher pressure perception thresholds at the hallux than those without foot ulcers mean se vs u p less than the magnitude of association was higher than that for vibration thresholds and markedly greater than those for cool and warm thresholds pressure thresholds were highly accurate for identifying foot ulcer patients at a threshold level of u the sensitivity was with a specificity of at similar sensitivities for vibration and thermal thresholds specificities were lower foot ulceration and cutaneous pressure perception threshold are strongly associated pressurethreshold measurements are extremely accurate and perform at least as well as other quantitative sensory tests in identifying foot ulcer patients assessment of the foot Pth may have promise as a simple and inexpensive method for detecting diabetic patients at risk for foot ulcers" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1181 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1814", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Pth" ], "offsets": [ [ 1070, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pressure threshold" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1816", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "human cytomegalovirus hcmv is one of the most important and critical viral causes of VG rejection among HSCT hsct recipients monitoring of this viral infection has a critical role in the management of hsct clinical complications in this retrospective cohort blood plasma and buffy coat and urine samples were collected from hsct patients and donors pretransplantation and weekly for days posttransplantation an hcmvoptimized ulnested polymerase chain reaction pcr method was used to detect hcmv infection genotyping of the hcmv ul gene was performed for all ulnested pcrpositive samples hsct donor and recipient laboratory and clinical data were statistically analyzed using spss version software ulnested pcrpositive results were obtained in and of these plasma buffy coat and urine samples respectively twentyfive percent of transplant donors were INF with hcmv an increase in hcmv infection was observed from pre to posthsct conditions PCD of the gb ul genotype in most SPK patient samples suggested the need to examine the possible impact of hcmv ul genotypes and hcmv infections among SC Tx" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1095 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1817", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 108 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "hematopoietic stem cell transplant" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1819", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the aims of this study were to generate a human fab fragment against egfr conjugate it to paclitaxel taxol as an immunochemotherapy agent and investigate its in vitro antitumor efficacy on a epidermoid carcinoma cells a cells egfrpositive nih TA egfrnegative and purified egfr were used for subtractive panning on a human naïve fab phage library to generate a human antiegfr fab fragment that binds the egfr extracellular domain in native conformation and subsequently internalizes it into the cytosol the fab was then conjugated with the chemotherapeutic taxol and cell proliferation inhibition and apoptosis tunel assays were conducted to determine the effect of this fabdrug conjugate on a cells the specificity and internalization property of this fab were characterized by IP fluorescence staining FC and humzap CA the binding affinity to purified egfr was nm the fabtaxol conjugate inhibited a cell proliferation at low concentrations and in a doseresponsive manner more than inhibition was observed at pm furthermore almost of cells underwent apoptosis T3 treatment with fabtaxol at pm for hours our findings suggest that this fabtaxol conjugate could be a potential immunochemotherapeutic drug for clinical treatment of egfroverexpressing PT" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1250 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1820", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "IP" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 781 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "immunoprecipitation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1822", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this eortc multicentre study analysed the tau and tolerability in patients with metastatic UM of bold chemotherapy in combination with recombinant interferon alphab the dose of bleomycin was mg on days and of vincristine mgm on days and of lomustine mg on day and of dacarbazine dtic mgm on days given every weeks for a minimum of two cycles subcutaneous sc interferon alphab at a dose of x iu was initiated on day of the first cycle and continued at a dose of x iu three time pool in the organism formycin a an analogue of adenosine inhibits both enzymes as well as the in vitro growth of t vaginalis with an estimated ic of microm this growth inhibition was reversed by adding adenine to the SC medium but not by adding guanine or hypoxanthine furthermore t vaginalis can grow in semidefined medium supplemented with only adenine but not with guanine or hypoxanthine radiolabeling experiments followed by hplc analysis of the GDP pool in t vaginalis demonstrated incorporation of cadenine into both adenine and GN whereas cguanine was incorporated only into GN substantial ADA and significant imp dehydrogenase and gmp synthetase activities were identified in t vaginalis lysate suggesting a pathway capable of converting adenine to gmp via adenosine this purine salvage scheme depicts adenosine the primary F0 of the entire GDP pool in t vaginalis and the purine nucleoside kinase one of the most pivotal enzymes in purine salvage and a potential target for antitrichomoniasis chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1492 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1823", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ADA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1075, 1078 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "adenosine deaminase activity" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1825", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "alternatively spliced mrnas encoding the human intraacrosomal protein sp were sought by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction rtpcr eleven rtpcr products were identified characterized and found to represent authentic alternatively spliced sp mrnas the alternatively spliced sp mrnas encoded proteins ranging from to amino acids the smaller SCV all resulted from one or two inframe deletions in exons andor of the sp genomic CS quantitative competitive rtpcr showed that the four largest sp mrnas represented the majority of the sp message in testes from each of four men the relative abundance of each of the four sp mrnas varied between individuals but the longest sp mrna sp which encoded a CAA protein was consistently the most abundant comprising of the total sp message this was followed by the second largest sp mrna sp which encoded a protein of amino acids and comprised the thed the avpinduced increase in this parameter the avpinduced increase in vt was not affected by dchometyrarg vasopressin a v receptor antagonist but was abolished by dchdileilearg vasopressin a v receptor antagonist the selective v agonist ddavp in nm also increased vt from to mv dibutyryl camp and forskolin both increased vt whereas h an inhibitor of campdependent protein kinase abolished the avpinduced increase in vt these results demonstrate that avp stimulates cl transport in the ascending thin limb of henles loop by activating cl channels via a signal transduction cascade comprising v receptors adenylate cyclase and campdependent protein kinase the ATL of henles loop thus participates in the formation of concentrated urine as one of the target renal tubular segments of avp" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1686 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1826", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ATL" ], "offsets": [ [ 1560, 1563 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "ascending thin limb" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1828", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "methyl nbutyl tbdmsndmfguanosine cyclic phosphate and tbdmsndmfguanosine cyclic diethylphosphoramidate were synthesized by reaction of protected guanosine with trivalent phosphorus reagents in the presence of tetrazole followed by oxidation the reaction occurred stereospecifically protected guanosine cyclic phosphotriesters and n ndiethylphosphoramidate were shown to have LIA on the synthesis of dna and rna in mouse CL RT cell diastereoisomers of nbutyl nsubstituted cGMP have been shown to activate adenylate cyclase in vitro" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 530 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1829", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "cGMP" ], "offsets": [ [ 471, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "guanosine cyclic phosphate" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1831", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "during octoberdecember an EHD outbreak occurred in cattle in japan fortysix animals displayed fever anorexia cessation of rumination salivation and dysphagia virologic serologic and pathologic investigations revealed the causative agent was EHDV serotype further virus characterization is needed to determine virus pathogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 328 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1832", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "EHD" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 29 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "epizootic hemorrhagic disease" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1834", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "IFN is a thelper cell thtype cytokine that has been suggested to inhibit the development of an atopic thtype profile of cytokine expression the aim of this study was to investigated the effect of exogenous rat interferon gamma on antigeninduced airway responses and on th and thtype cytokine mRNA mrna expression in the brown norway rat rats were OA and days later underwent an aerosolized ovalbumin challenge animals were intratracheally po either IFN u or control solvent min prior to and and h following antigen challenge RL was monitored over an h time period using in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry the C2 of th interleukin and thtype interleukin and cytokine mrna and L1 basic protein expression in the BAL lavage fluid of these rats h T3 ovalbumin challenge were also determined administration of interferon gamma attenuated the development of the lateonset airways response in ovalbuminsensitized antigenchallenged rats p the expression of interleukin and mrna in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of IFN treated rats was significantly attenuated compared to ovalbuminchallenged salinetreated controls p this was accompanied by a significant increase in the expression of interleukin mrna and a reduction in eosinophil numbers intratracheal administration of interferon gamma modulates the allergic lateonset airways response in rats and this is associated with a reduction in the expression of thelper cell type cytokines and an increase in interleukin mRNA expression within the airways the present results support a role for IFN in the pathophysiology of acute allergic airway responses possibly by virtue of its ability to modulate thelper cell type cytokine expression within the lungs" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1709 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1835", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "mRNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1473, 1477 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "messenger ribonucleic acid" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1837", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "citral is a monoterpene in wide use as an aromatic supplement in the cosmetics and food industries previous studies in our laboratory have shown that cutaneous application of citral on adolescent rats may induce benign prostatic PH bphlike and even atypical hyperplastic changes in the ventral lobes in the present T0 we investigate the possible interactions between citral and ST levels on the induction of hyperplastic changes in the VP prostate of adolescent rats in addition the T0 includes a comparative analysis of normal intact rats showing circadian variations of ST C2 and rats in whom this rhythmic pattern was abolished either by excessive supplementation of exogenous androgen or by castration our results demonstrate an induction of benign as well as atypical prostatic PH following citral application the most severe atypical changes were noted in the citraltreated rats with high SS testosterone C2 although the mechanism of action of citral is yet unknown the present results suggest a synergism between citral and testosterone resulting in hyperplastic changes in the RVP in addition the results reconfirm that ST levels fluctuate according to a CR in intact young and adolescent male rats the application of citral tends to lower the morning circadian peaks and the circadian pattern was abolished in ORX rats and in those treated with testosterone implants" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1375 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1838", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ORX" ], "offsets": [ [ 1319, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "orchiectomized" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1840", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction can result in LVA which may in turn cause congestive HF VVI arrhythmia and thromboembolic events this study evaluates results achieved with a modified linear closure of left VVI aneurysms during OPCAB" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 228 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1841", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LVA" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 45 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "left ventricular aneurysm" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1843", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "concentrations of a metabolite of pgfα pgfm were compared between nonbred n and Pr n heifers on days and postovulation on each day an h session of hourly blood sampling was done averaged over the h sessions mean concentration of pgfm was less p in the pregnant group ± pgml than that in the nonbred group ± pgml but the minimal concentration per session was not significantly different between groups pulses of pgfm identified by CV were similar in frequency between groups but were less p prominent at the peak in the Pr group ± pgml than that in the nonbred group ± pgml these results indicated similarity between CG in frequency and initial development of a pgfm PP but without later OD and a reduction in prominence in the pregnant group the p interest to clinicians in identifying which patients are less likely to recover and more likely to need a vestibular rehabilitation program" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 892 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1844", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CV" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 435 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "coefficient of variance" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1846", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "PAD pad is a chronic condition an increasing number of patients affected infrapopliteal disease is related to CLI cli amputationfree survival in these situations is the goal to achieve it is wellknown that life expectancy and quality of live are reduced by this condition pad is rarely isolated in one anatomical region when a cli condition exists the endovascular approach to lower limb infrapopliteal disease btk has been constantly increasing in the last years trying to prevent a potential amputation even with the current endovascular armamentarium btk disease remains challenging long and even midterm results remain uncertain the rationale behind using drugeluting stent des at btk is similar to other regions deal with elastic recoil treat potential dissections deliver drug to the intima to prevent restenosis and reduce late lumen loss current evidence comprehensive review of the latest published results has been performed as well a comparison with other available reviews and metaanalyses there is an increasing evidence for the use of des in btk disease multiple platforms with different drugs had been evaluated and some good initial results had been published and presented recently the safety of des used in btk occlusive has been clearly proven over the different studies performed in the last years good primary patency has been reported for balloon expandable des but available studies focused on shortfocal lesions current results support the use of des in btk region when a stent is necessary bailout or the total lesion length is short there is a clear benefit for primary patency potential clinical benefits and under these conditions des treatment seems to be costeffective further investigation and technology improvement is required to apply these good results to longer and more diffuse lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1822 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1847", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CLI" ], "offsets": [ [ 110, 113 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "critical limb ischemia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1849", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "dietary marine lipids markedly reduce the severity of glomerulonephritis and its associated mortality in inbred strains of mice developing autoimmune disease a model for human systemic LE we report here the influence of varying the dose of menhaden oil and the timing of its administration on the mortality of female B/W f mice T3 ingesting wt MO mo for periods of weeks to months there was a stable content of tissue n fatty acids with total n fatty acids of and in spleen and CL respectively the extent of protection from mortality was dependent on the dose of mo with marked protection at doses of to marginal protection at and no protection at mo delay in the institution of mo until ages or months still resulted in large reductions of mortality conversely institution of a mo diet from weeks until ages to months followed by a NC to beef tallow resulted in little protection serum C2 of cyclooxygenase products were reduced ranging from to in mice fed mo diets compared to mice fed beef tallow based on radioimmunoassay the degree of reduction of mortality on different doses of mo was correlated best with tissue levels of c and levels of c and c were similar at high and low doses of mo suggesting that levels of may be related to the protective effects of marine lipids on autoimmune disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1300 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1850", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "B/W" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 320 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nzb x nzw" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1852", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "rsaminocarboxymethylisoxazolylpropionic acid acpa which is a potent and selective agonist at rsaminohydroxymethylisoxazolylpropionic acid ampa receptors has previously been shown to desensitize ampa receptors to a much lower degree than ampa itself we now report the synthesis of hacpa cimmol the neurochemical and pharmacological characterization of hacpa IB and a comparison of the CSD of hacpa hampa and hsfluorowillardiine binding CS in rat brain under equilibrium conditions hacpa was shown to bind to a single population of receptor CS on rat brain membranes hacpa was shown to bind with single and similar affinities nm to cloned ampa receptor subunits glur Sf9 cells whereas a kd value of nm was determined for the IB of hacpa to cloned kainic acid preferring glur subunits whereas bmax and kd values for hacpa binding determined using filtration techniques were different from such obtained in centrifugation assays bmax and kd values as well as association and dissociation constants were not significantly affected by the addition of the chaotropic agent kscn kd values determined under equilibrium conditions were however markedly different from kd values derived from kinetic data furthermore the results of analyses of these kinetic data were consistent with the existence of two different populations of hacpa IB CS the pharmacology of hacpa IB CS was characterized using a series of ampa receptor agonists and antagonists whereas addition of kscn had little effect on the affinities of ampa receptor agonists for hacpa binding this chaotropic agent reduced the affinities of ampa receptor antagonists structurally related to ampa based on these and previously reported data the ampa receptor agonists acpa ampa and sfluorowillardiine seem to bind to and activate ampa receptors in a nonidentical fashion and these three agonists together may be useful tools for studies of ampa receptor mechanisms" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1913 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1853", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Sf9" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 668 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "expressed in insect" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1855", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "molecular marker loci were used to investigate the inheritance of morphological traits that distinguish maize zea mays ssp mays from a closely related wild relative teosinte z mays ssp mexicana regression and interval mapping analyses gave largely congruent results concerning the numbers of loci controlling the morphological traits and the magnitudes of their effects however IM tended to give larger estimates for the magnitudes of the effects of the morphological trait loci this tendency was exaggerated for traits that were nonnormally distributed variation for most inflorescence traits is controlled by one or two regions of the genome with C1 effects plus several other regions with relatively small effects as such the data are congruent with a mode of inheritance for most traits involving one or two L1 loci plus several minor loci regions of the genome with C1 effects on one trait consistently had smaller effects on several other traits possibly as a result of pleiotropy most of the R2 for the dramatic differences in inflorescence morphology between maize and teosinte is explained by five restricted regions of the genome one of these regions encompasses a previously described gene tb teosinte branched and the effects of this region on inflorescence architecture are similar to the known effects of tb implications of this work for the genetic basis of morphological evolution in plants are discussed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1420 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1856", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "IM" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 380 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "interval mapping" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1858", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "few studies have investigated the association between age at smoking initiation and fagerström test for ND ftnd in adulthood the goal of this T0 was to develop the korean version of ftnd ftndk and to examine the relationship between age at smoking initiation and ND" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 266 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1859", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ND" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 107 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nicotine dependence" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1861", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "annexins are a family of calciumdependent phospholipidbinding proteins which have been implicated in a variety of biological processes including membrane trafficking the annexin lgp prelysosomal compartment of nrk cells was loaded with MDA-LDL ldl and then its transport from this endocytic compartment and its degradation in lysosomes were studied nrk cells were microinjected with the mutated annexin anx to assess the possible involvement of annexin in the transport of ldl from the PLC the results indicated that microinjection of mutated annexin in nrk cells showed the accumulation of ldl in larger endocytic structures denoting PR of ldl in the prelysosomal compartment to confirm the involvement of annexin in the trafficking and the Kd of ldl we used cho cells transfected with mutated annexin thus in agreement with nrk cells the results obtained in cho cells demonstrated a significant inhibition of ldl Kd in cho cells expressing the mutated form of annexin compared to controls overexpressing wildtype annexin therefore we conclude that annexin is involved in the trafficking events leading to ldl degrament technique and to optimize the processes two coupled processes were used to separate and to treat both coarse process and fine process fractions of sediments selected variables for DUE of process were ultrasound power soiltowater ratio vacuum pressure and dwell time and for process were ultrasound power soiltowater ratio and dwell time laboratory scale experiments were carried out with various combinations of these parameters according to the factorial design the optimum removal was found to be with the parameter C2 at w SP soiltowater ratio psi vacuum pressure and min of dwell time after the application of process for fine sediments it was found that the fines were separated into silt and clay only the silt faction had a considerable metal removal while the clay fraction was insensitive to the treatment a maximum removal of was obtained for silt fraction when factor C2 were at w SP soiltowater ratio and min of dwell time further analysis of clay fraction showed that the chromium in clay is immobile and SD the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure tclp test on clay fraction confirmed that the treated clay fraction is safe to dispose the T0 showed that the proposed treatment technique is effective and economical for sediments with lower clay contents" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2394 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1862", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Kd" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 917 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "degradation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1864", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "tumour CN factoralpha tnf expression is increased in inflammatory bowel disease ibd and tnf maps to the ibd susceptibility locus TDT and casecontrol analyses in two independent caucasian cohorts shhores we have isolated a forkhead gene from the brain factor bf family this gene ctenobf is the first fulllength nuclear gene reported from ctenophores this makes ctenophores the most basal metazoan to date known to express definitive forkhead class transcription factors orthologs of bf in vertebrates drosophila and caenorhabditis elegans are expressed in anterior neural structures surprisingly in situ hybridizations with ctenobf AS riboprobes show that this gene is not expressed in the apical organ of ctenophores ctenobf is expressed prior to first cleavage transcripts become localized to the aboral pole by the cell stage and are inherited by ectodermal micromeres generated from this region at the and cell stages expression in subsets of these cells persists and is seen around the edge of the blastopore presumptive mouth and in distinct ectodermal regions along the tentacular poles following gastrulation stomodeal expression begins to fade and intense staining becomes restricted to two distinct domains in each tentacular FF apparatus we suggest that the apical organ is not rat to the BB of bilaterians but that the oral pole of ctenophores corresponds to the anterior pole of bilaterian animals" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1409 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1865", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TDT" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 132 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "transmission disequilibrium" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1867", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the recent introduction of a reliable tlymphocyte proliferation assay which utilizes thioglycollateinduced nylon wool columnpassed PEL from immune mice petles allowed us to investigate the genetic control of murine immune responses at the tlymphocyte level examination of the blast cells generated in this population days T3 stimulation with antigen revealed that of the cells bore the thy antigen on their surface whereas only bore immunoglobulin thus the assay can be considered to measure almost exclusively tlymphocyte function this CA was used to examine the tlymphocyte proliferative responses to seven different antigens polyglualatyr polyglulystyr polytyrglupolydlalapolylys polypheglupolydlalapolylys staphylococcal nuclease lactate dehydrogenase h and the balbc iga myeloma protein tepc petles from a C1 number of different inbred mouse strains including h congenic resistant lines and h recombinants were studied the strains could becataleptic and ecstatic states during increasing hyperarousal characterized by eeg desynchronization the R2 of the eeg amplitude decreases in introverts whereas in extroverts it increases exteroception is transformed into an experience of interoception while willed motor activity becomes increasingly impaired and ultimately inhibited and information processing during these hallucinatory states is preferentially shifted from the speech dominant and motorcoordinating or major toward the nonverbal gestaltperceiving the nondominant or minor cortical hemisphere" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1506 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1868", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PEL" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 134 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "peritoneal exudate lymphocytes" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1870", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "titanium ti implants are extensively used in reconstructive surgery and orthopedics however the intrinsic inertness of untreated ti implants usually results in insufficient osseointegration in order to improve the osteoconductivity properties of the implants they are coated with hierarchical microtopographicnanotopographic coatings employing the method of molecular layering of ALD mlald" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 389 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1871", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ALD" ], "offsets": [ [ 380, 383 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "atomic layer deposition" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1873", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "C2 of csf CEA antigen cea were determined in patients with breast CA and MC levels greater than ngml were observed in patients seven patients had undetectable C2 the meningeal disease of seven patients with elevated csf cea C2 completely responded to treatment and their csf cea levels concurrently decreased two patients whose meningeal disease responded poorly to treatment had persistently elevated C2 of csf cea in two other patients a rising csf cea level was detected before there was any other evidence of meningeal relapse serial measurement of csf cea may play an important role in the clinical management of MC in patients with breast CA" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 647 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1874", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MC" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 620 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "meningeal carcinomatosis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1876", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the proportions of type i and type iii collagen were evaluated from gestational postpartumretained and released bovine placental CM placentomes were excised at and days of gestation n and from postpartumretained and h n and released h n membranes placentome components were processed for collagen hydroxyproline protein and dry weight determination collagen extracts were separated by sdspage densitometry was used to establish the proportions of collagen alpha chains type i alpha alpha type iii alpha no difference in the proportion of maternal caruncular type i and type iii collagen was found the proportionormone which regulates OB function including the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins this study examines the effect of human pth hpth on the expression of this novel protein in ROB cells hpth significantly decreased the amount of op in culture media of the rat OB OSA cell line ros detected by WB analysis hpth also suppressed the steadystate level of op mrna two to threefold with an ed of approximately x m this inhibition was detectable at h reached its nadir at h and lasted at least up to h the hpth effects were mimicked by isobutylmethylxanthine cholera toxin bromocamp forskolin and isoproterenol hpth suppressed by two to threefold the rate of op gene transcription estimated by nuclear runon assays the suppression of op mrna C2 by hpth was also seen when basal levels were increased by transforming growth factor type beta or dihydroxyvitamin d or were decreased by dexamethasone a similar decrease in the steadystate level of op mrna by hpth was also observed in primary cultures of osteoblastenriched cells from fetal rat calvaria these findings indicate that hpth suppresses the production of the novel extracellular matrix protein op in OBs at least in part through transcriptional control" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1822 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1877", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ROB" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "rat osteoblastlike" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1879", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the author summarises the various origins of hand tremor physiologic tremor can be demonstrated in any individual this tremor is normally recordable at a stable frequency of hz though this can be influenced by age the amplitude can vary substantially physiological tremor is believed to have its origin in the mechanical properties of the extremities and the firing properties of motoneurones ET is an inherited autosomally dominant phenomenon and is characterised by action and postural tremor it is progressive with age the use of low doses of theophylline in the treatment of ET is emphasised in view of the low incidence of SE a hypothesis is also presented to account for ET in terms of an imbalance in the activity of excitatory and inhibitory amino acid system PD tremor may begin as postural or resting tremor on one side and it is reduced by active movement of the affected extremity the prognosis of FPD presenting with tremor is better when presenting with hypokinesia the increasing use of nonspecific drugs in the treatment of parkinsonism and the use of thalamic VHF stimulation are indicated" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1106 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1880", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ET" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 395 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "essential tremor" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1882", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we studied an amputee patient who experiences a conscious sense of movement som in her phantom hand without significant activity in remaining muscles when TMS stimulation tms is applied at appropriate intensity over the corresponding sector of contralateral motor SC we used the novel methodological combination of tms during fmri to reveal the neural correlates of her phantom som a critical contrast concerned trials at intermediate tms intensities low enough not to produce overt activity in remaining muscles but high enough to produce a phantom som on approximately half such trials comparing trials with versus without a phantom som reported phenomenally for the same intermediate tms intensities factored out any nonspecific tms effects on brain activity to reveal neural correlates of the phantom som itself areas G1 included primary motor SC PMd anterior IPS and caudal SMA area regions that are also involved in some hand movement illusions and motor imagery in normals this adds support to proposals that a conscious sense of movement for the hand can be conveyed by activity within corresponding motorrelated cortical structures" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1140 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1883", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PMd" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 854 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dorsal premotor cortex" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1885", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "occupationally induced hypersensitive reactions towards chemical compounds are increasingly observed in this regard ammonium persulfate aps is reported as an inducer of erythema urticaria eczema rhinitis and bronchial asthma on the basis of these reactions persulfates obviously show some characteristics of skinsensitizing as well as respiratory allergens we measured the effect of aps on the release of inflammatory mediators ie leukotriene b ltb from PMN neutrophils pmn the effect of the persulfate was analyzed in comparison of the corresponding sulfate after different cellular activation either with the ca ionophore a the tripeptide formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine fmlp or sodium fluoride naf coincubation of pmo tissue culture system during culture chronic exposure to gh decreased the rate of lipogenesis and prevented the increase in lipogenesis induced by insulin gh also increased glycerol release into the SC medium gh had no acute insulinlike effect on lipogenesis in sheep AT i.c.v. with PDBu to downregulate isoforms of protein kinase c or addition of the protein serine kinase inhibitor staurosporine decreased the antilipogenic effect of gh while the protein serine kinase inhibitor h eliminated it CR i.c.v. with PDBu or addition of h also decreased the insulinantagonistic effect of gh on lipogenesis addition of the protein serine OA or the DSPC phospholipase c inhibitor d both diminished the antilipogenic and insulinantagonistic effects of gh chronic exposure of AT to gh had no effect on the total activity of acetyl coa carboxylase or its activation status but it did diminish the increase in activation status induced by insulin h and okadaic acid also diminished the increase in activation status of acetyl coa carboxylase induced by insulin but did not alter the effect of gh on this variable okadaic acid decreased total acetyl coa carboxylase activity pretreatment with PDBu or the addition of h staurosporine or okadaic acid increased glycerol release into the culture medium to the same extent as gh itself the effects of gh and these various agents were not additive these studies suggest that the antilipogenic insulinantagonistic effects of gh involve both protein serine kinases and phosphatases possibly including one or more isoforms of protein kinase c and a phosphatidyl cholinespecific phospholipase c comparison with studies by others on the gh enhancement of preadipocyte differentiation and prolactin stimulation of lipogenesis in mammary tissue suggests involvement of protein kinase c at an early stage in all three systems in contrast effects of okadaic acid vary with the system suggesting the involvement of protein serine phosphatase activity in a late stage of the action of gh the effects of gh on lipogenesis and lipolysis do not occur via identical mechanisms" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2818 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1886", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "OA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1356, 1358 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1888", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "within recent years the broad introduction of fast multidetector computed tomography ct systems and the availability of commercial software for perfusion analysis have made rCBF imaging with ct a practical technique for the clinical environment the technique is widely available at low cost accurate and easy to perform PCT is particularly applicable to those clinical circumstances where patients already undergo ct for other reasons including stroke HI SAH and radiotherapy planning future technical developments in MSCT systems may diminish the current limitations of limited spatial coverage and radiation burden ct perfusion imaging on combined petct systems offers new opportunities to improve the DUE of patients with CBF ischaemia or tumours by demonstrating the relationship between cerebral blood flow and metabolism yet ct is often not perceived as a technique for imaging rCBF this article reviews the use of ct for imaging rCBF highlighting its advantages and disadvantages and draws comparisons between PCT and magnetic resonance imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1051 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1889", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 522 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "multislice ct" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1891", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "laser RS involves the measurement of laserbeam transmission through the atmosphere and is subject to uncertainties caused by strong fluctuations due primarily to speckle glint and atmosphericturbulence effects these uncertainties are generally reduced by taking average values of increasing numbers of measurements an experiment was carried out to directly measure the effect of signal averaging on backscattered laser return signals from a diffusely reflecting target using a directdetection differentialabsorption lidar dial system the improvement in accuracy obtained by averaging over increasing numbers of data points was found to be smaller than that predicted for independent measurements the experimental results are shown to be in excellent PA with a theoretical analysis which considers the effect of temporal correlation the analysis indicates that small but longterm temporal correlation severely limits the improvement available through signal averaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 966 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1892", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "RS" ], "offsets": [ [ 6, 8 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "remote sensing" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1894", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "antimicrobial betadefensins are thought to protect epithelial surfaces their mobilization in response to inflammation was studied in the rat PG using an elisa assay bacterial lipopolysaccharide lps injected into the parotid duct on one side induced a marked local inflammatory response in the PG as judged by several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and in histological sections infiltration of neutrophils three hours after the i.t. betadefensin and were increased by and respectively p as compared to the CL gland though still elevated h after the i.t. the percentage figures for betadefensin were at this time somewhat lower compared to the situation at h while those for defensin were significantly higher p neither at the early nor at the late time of observation were any changes in the level of betadefensin observed the betadefensins under T0 were not detected in submandibular and SL PG neither were they detected in the inflamed submandibular gland showing also here several fold increases in myeloperoxidase activity and in addition the presence of inflammatory cells following ductal injection of lps towards the gland" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1140 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1895", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SL" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 902 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "sublingual" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1897", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a sixyearold girl was admitted to our hospital with ARF we made a clinical diagnosis of AIN and oral corticosteroid therapy was started her renal failure soon recovered and renal biopsy showed AIN by LM with glomerular foot process effacement by electron microscopy although her proteinuria was not heavy at the time of biopsy her proteinuria subsequently increased to show nephrotic syndrome we continued to give CSs and her nephrotic syndrome went into remission days after biopsy serological and bacteriological examination showed no evidence of known pathogen or drug hypersensitivity the time changes in proteinuria were monitored by fractional total protein excretion fetp and fractional BMG excretion febetamg in order to evaluate the severity of PU under different glomerular SNGFR and different PT tubular functions the results revealed that nephrotic syndrome had occurred during recovery from AIN this is the first case report to show the sequential occurrence of AIN and nephrotic syndrome based on evidence from fractional protein excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1053 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1898", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AIN" ], "offsets": [ [ 975, 978 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "acute interstitial nephritis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1900", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "motivated by the introduction of singlelung transplantation into clinical practice we compared the static mechanical properties of the respiratory system in six supine dogs before at baseline with those after the induction of unilateral emphysema EC50 volume vrel total lung capacity tlc and Cst of the emphysematous lung increased to and sd of baseline respectively vrel of the nonemphysematous lung fell to of baseline with no significant NC in tlc of the nonemphysematous lung or its pressurevolume relationship indicating that unilateral hyperinflation does not cause dropout of contralateral lung units T3 unilateral emphysema the chest wall shifted to a higher unstressed or neutral volume when pleural pressure equals atmospheric pressure in three of six animals minimizing the anticipated decrease in lung Pst at the higher respiratory system vrel the DP of relative lung emptying in the intact dog and in the excised lungs was similar during stepwise deflations from tlc suggesting that mean pleural pressure of the hemithoraces is equal we conclude that in the dog the static volume distribution between emphysematous and nonemphysematous lungs is determined only by differences in lung recoil and compliance" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1218 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1901", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Pst" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 817 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "recoil pressure" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1903", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "px receptors have been suggested to be located both on SN and astrocytes of the central and IP nervous systems in the present caimaging and patchclamp T0 we reinvestigated these findings on mixed neuronalastrocytic cell cultures prepared from embryonic or P0 rat hippocampi we found in a mgfree bath medium that the prototypic px receptor agonist dibenzoyladenosine triphosphate bzatp increased the intracellular ca concentration cai both in the neuronal cell HB and in their axodendritic processes only to a very minor extent however bzatp produced marked cai transients in the neuronal processes when they grew above a glial carpet which was uniformly sensitive to bzatp these glial signals might be misinterpreted as neuronal responses because of the poor focal discrimination by a FL TSM most astrocytes had a polygonal shape without clearly circumscribable boundaries but a subgroup of them had neuronlike appearance the cellular processes of this astrocytic subgroup just as their cell somata and their polygonal counterparts appeared to possess a high density of functional px receptors in contrast to astrocytes in a low cano mgcontaining bath medium HPC neurons failed to respond to bzatp with membrane currents in addition neither the amplitude nor the frequency of sEPSCs representing the quantal PR of glu was modified by bzatp we conclude that cultured HPC SN in contrast to astrocytes possess px receptors if at all only at a LD" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1442 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1904", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "sEPSCs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1276, 1282 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1906", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "odours are key cues used by the honey bee in various situations they play an important role in sexual attraction social behaviour and location of profitable food sources here we were interested in the role of odours in orientation at short distance for instance the RPA flight to a floral patch or in close proximity to the hive entrance using a newly designed wind tunnel we investigated the orientation behaviour of the bee towards two different odours a social odour and a floral component linalool we then tested the effect of prior olfactory conditioning conditioning of the PER on subsequent flight orientation we showed that both stimuli induced orientated behaviour orientated flights circling around the odour source in up to of the worker bees social odour being slightly more attractive than the linalool we found thereafter that orientation performance towards the floral compound can be significantly enhanced by prior classical olfactory learning this type of information transfer from a pavlovian associative context to an orientation task might allow future foragers to acquire within the hive relevant information about the odours and food they will encounter during their later foraging bouts" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1210 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1907", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PER" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 583 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "proboscis extension reflex" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1909", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "stimulation of the oral cavity immediately elicits salivation GAS and pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretions that serve to prepare the alimentary canal for digestion transport and utilization of ingested nutrients oropharyngealstimulated responses are reliably initiated by the taste and smell of food these gastrointestinal reflexes often referred to as anticipatory or cephalic phase responses are mediated by the autonomic nervous system and are believed to be independent of the PA effects of ingested nutrients a common pathway used by cephalic phase responses to trigger gastrointestinal secretions is the vagus several studies have also demonstrated that cephalic stimulation activates both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and thus many cephalicmetabolic reflexes may arise indirectly from more general physiological changes that accompany OP stimulation the present studies suggest that oral stimulation results in alterations in intestinal CF specifically oropharyngeal stimulation of conscious unrestrained rats with sucrose increases the uptake of radioactive gl from the small intestine into the hepatic portal blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1154 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1910", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "gl" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "glucose" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1912", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a yearold man presented with corneal laceration traumatized iris small VH lens opacity and a mm intraocular foreign body embedded in the retina PPV and AL photocoagulation were performed using intraocular forceps the object was forced into a gauge needle that was inserted through the sclerotomy the foreign body and the needle were removed from the eye phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens implantation in the ciliary sulcus was performed seven days after the surgery the patients visual acuity was with spectacle correction of diopters the use of a needle tunnel during PPV should be considered in similar cases of large irregular intraocular foreign bodies to avoid severe and irreversible damage to the adjoining tissues" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 738 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1913", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PPV" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 147 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pars plana vitrectomy" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1915", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this T0 was designed to examine the circadian pattern of blood pressure in children and young adults with type i diabetes who were completely normotensive by standard criteria fortyfive patients and the same number of age and sexmatched control subjects were studied in diabetic children of years of age the nocturnal fall in BP was IN in diabetics of years of age the fall in systolic blood pressure was blunted in diabetics of years of age the fall in both BP during sleep was blunted when data from all diabetic subjects were pooled and analyzed in a multiple linear regression model mean blood pressure during sleep correlated best with UAE r on the basis of this finding we subdivided our patients into two groups a microalbuminuric group UAE mg per hours mean n and a normoalbuminuric group urinary Al excretion mg per hours mean n both BP during sleep were higher in microalbuminuric and mm hg respectively than in normoalbuminuric diabetics and mm hg p or control subjects and mm hg p abstract truncated at words" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1020 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1916", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "UAE" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 644 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "urinary albumin excretion" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1918", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the title binuclear complex cdclchn was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of cdcl and the ligand bibenzimidazole the molecule lies on an inversion center and the metal center displays a strongly distorted trigonalbipyramidal geometry the cdii ions are coordinated by two n atoms from the organic ligand and by one terminal and two bridging chloride anions the crystal structure involves intermolecular nh⋯cl hydrogen bonds resulting in a ID supramolecular structure" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 474 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1919", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ID" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 449 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "onedimensional" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1921", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "glycosylationenhancing factor gef and igepotentiating factor were detected in culture S9 of rat mesenteric CL nodes mln cells obtained days T3 infection with Nb nb but not in S9 of mln cells of day nbinfected rats both AF were also released from TA upon antigenic stimulation of klh alumprimed spleen cells the gef from the nbinfected rats and klh alumprimed spleen cells had affinity for paminobenzamidine agarose and were inactivated by phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride an inhibitor of serine proteases these results indicate that the gef obtained in the two systems is a serine protease and is identical to that obtained by stimulation of normal TA with lymphocytosispromoting factor lpf from bordetella pertussis the concomitant formation of igepotentiating factor and gef by nb infection by antigenic simulation of klh alumprimed spleen cells and by treatment of rats with bordetella pertussis vaccine suggests that the serine protease is involved in a common pathway leading to the selective formation of igepotentiating factor in contrast glycosylationinhibiting factor gif is always found during the selective formation of igesuppressive factor igesuppressive factor and gif were formed by mln cells of day nbinfected rats and klhcfaprimed SP cells gif was detected in culture S9 of t cell hybridomas a and b which form unglycosylated igebinding AF upon incubation with ige gif obtained from all of these sources bound to monoclonal antilipomodulin these findings indicate that gif or lipomodulin is involved in all systems which leads to the selective formation of igesuppressive factor however the formation of gif was not restricted to those conditions in which igesuppressive factor was selectively formed the SNs of mln cells of day nbinfected rats and antigenstimulated klh alumprimed SP cells contained a small amount of gif which could be detected after inactivation of gef it appears that t cells from these sources formed gef and gif but that gef overcame the effect of gif on glycosylation of igebinding AF the results indicate that the nature and biologic activities of igebinding factors are decided by the balance between gef and gif formed by TA" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2164 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1922", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Nb" ], "offsets": [ [ 158, 160 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "nippostrongylus brasiliensis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1924", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "arfgaps are known to be involved in cargo sorting in copi transport however the role of arfgaps in postgolgi membrane traffic has not been defined to determine the function of arfgaps in postgolgi traffic we used small interfering rna to examine each of arfgaps for effects on CI mannose phosphate receptor cimpr localization we found that downregulation of arfgap resulted in the peripheral localization of cimpr the effect was TPS for arfgap and dependent on its gap activity because the phenotype was rescued by arfgap but not by arfgap arfgap or the gap domain mutants of arfgap arfgap localized to the transgolgi network and early endosomes in cells with reduced expression of arfgap cat d maturation was slowed and its secretion was accelerated also VA transport from the endosomes to the transgolgi network of endogenous cimpr but not truncated cimpr lacking the luminal domain was perturbed in cells with reduced expression of arfgap furthermore the exit of epidermal growth factor receptor egfr from the early endosomes and Kd of egfr T3 egf stimulation was slowed in cells with reduced expression of arfgap arfgap associates with golgilocalized γearcontaining adpribosylation factor IB proteins ggas and arfgap knockdown reduces membrane association of ggas a possible mechanism explaining our results is that arfgap regulates transport from early endosomes to late endosomes we suggest a MM in which arfgap regulates golgi association of gga clathrin adaptors" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1471 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1925", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "cat" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 692 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cathepsin" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1927", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the perpetuation of angiogenesis is involved in certain chronic inflammatory diseases the accelerated neovascularisation may result from an inflammatory status with a response of both EC cells and monocytes to inflammatory mediators such as chemokines we have previously described in vitro and in vivo the proangiogenic effects of the chemokine RANTES rantesccl the effects of rantesccl may be related to its IB to g proteincoupled receptors and to proteoglycans such as syndecan and the aim of this T0 was to evaluate the functionality of syndecan as a coreceptor of rantesccl by the use of mutated syndecan constructs our data demonstrate that sitedirected mutations in syndecan modify rantesccl biological activities in EC cells the sdcsa mutant associated with an induced protein kinase c pkcα activation leads to higher rantesccl proangiogenic effects whereas the sdclqq and the sdcadel mutants leading to lower phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate pip IB or to lower pdz protein IB respectively are associated with reduced rantesccl cellular effects moreover our data highlight that the intracellular domain of sdc is involved in rantescclinduced activation of the pkcα signaling pathway and biological effect as rantesccl is involved in various physiopathological processes the development of a new therapeutic strategy may be reliant on the mechanism by which rantesccl exerts its biological activities for example by targeting the IB of the chemokine to its proteoglycan receptor" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1487 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1928", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "RANTES" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 351 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "regulated on activation normal t cell expressed and secreted" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1930", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the relative importance of fat and lean tissue mass in determining bone mineral mass among postmenopausal women was examined in this year longitudinal study fifty postmenopausal caucasian women entered the T0 of them completed a year followup dualenergy xray absorptiometry was employed for measuring total and regional bone mineral density bmd and bone mineral content bmc fat tissue mass ftm LTM ltm and body weight results from LR analysis using the crosssectional data n of the T0 indicated that ltm explained a larger percentage of variation in bone mineral mass than did ftm ftm and ltm were found to be moderately correlated r when ftm was entered in the same predicting regression models ltm was a significant predictor p of the total and regional bmc but not bmd the percent ftm and inversely ltm was correlated with bmd and bmc but significant rho was primarily found only for TB bmd or bmc weight was the best predictor of total body bmd and bmc longitudinally n annual changes in both ftm and weight were significantly associated with annual changes in regional bmd after adjustment for initial bone mineral values p we conclude that bone mineral mass is more closely related to ltm than to ftm while annual changes in regional bmd are more closely correlated with changes in ftm in healthy postmenopausal women meanwhile increased body weight is significantly associated with increased bone mineral mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1416 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1931", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LTM" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 397 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "lean tissue mass" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1933", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the mechanisms underlying agerelated changes in the signal from the biological clock have yet to be determined the authors sought to determine if the phase advance of circadian melatonin rhythm during the middle years of life is related to different patterns of habitual CS SE fortyone HS between the ages of and y were studied habitual light SE was measured by a wrist monitor for days participants underwent a h constant routine they provided saliva samples every min and melatonin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay to assess salivary DL melatonin ON sdlmo aging was associated with earlier sdlmo increasing age was not related to the time spent at different light intensities however it was associated with lower percentage of light SE during the night between and h and with higher percentage of CS exposure in the morning between h earlier sdlmo was associated with lower percentage of light SE early on in the night between and h as well as in the afternoon between h and with higher percentage of light SE in the morning between h when the effects of age were controlled there was no significant relationship between sdlmo and percentages of light SE yet increasing age was associated with earlier sdlmo regardless of light exposure patterns earlier habitual wake time explained the earlier CS SE patterns of older subjects both habitual wake time and age contributed to the prediction of sdlmo the results suggest a phase advance of circadian rhythms in the middle years of life whereas a clear NC in habitual light SE patterns was associated with aging and with shifts in sdlmo it did not explain entirely the agerelated advance of melatonin circadian phase" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1681 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1934", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DL" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 554 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dim light" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1936", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a new analytical system has been designed to characterize intermediatesized precursor molecules from two different precursorsthe preproenkephalin abovine precursor molecule which produces methionine DAGO and from the proopiomelanocortin pomcbovine precursor molecule which produces betaendorphin a possible intermediatesized precursor that leads to betaendorphin was found in bovine pituitary by means of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in combination with GPC RP high performance liquid chromatography radioimmunoassay trypsinolysis and liquid SIMS" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 559 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1937", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SIMS" ], "offsets": [ [ 555, 559 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "secondary ion mass spectrometry" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1939", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "nitric oxide no is produced in diseased joints and may be a key mediator of il effects on cartilage therefore we compared the potency of new AMG ag SMT smt saminoethylisothiourea aetu and classical nomegamonomethyllarginine lnmma L-NA methyl ester lname no synthase nos inhibitors on the GABA effect of recombinant human interleukinbeta rhilbeta on rat cartilage anabolism three different culture systems were used isolated chondrocytes encapsulated in alginate beads patellae and FA head caps chondrocyte beads and cartilage entities were incubated in vitro for h in the presence of rhilbeta with a daily NC of incubation medium to obtain optimal responses on proteoglycan synthesis and no production proteoglycan synthesis was assessed by incorporation of radiolabelled sodium sulphate naso and no production by cumulated nitrite PR during the period of study chondrocytes and patellae as well as FA head caps responded concentrationdependently to ilbeta challenge to u ml and to u ml respectively by a large increase in nitrite level and a marked suppression of proteoglycan synthesis above these concentrations of ilbeta u ml and u ml respectively proteoglycan synthesis plateaued whereas nitrite release still increased thus suggesting different CRCs when studying the effect of nos inhibitors to microm on no production by cartilage cells stimulated with ilbeta u ml or u ml we observed that i their ability to reduce nitrite level decreased from chondrocytes to cartilage samples except for lnmma and aetu ii they could be roughly classified in the following rank order of potency aetr the patients of each group and suggested to consider prescription of drugs therapeutic relationship and patients circumstances in order to select AGA procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1753 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1940", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SMT" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 151 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "smethylisothiourea" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1942", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "in the present study BN nanotubes bnnts were synthesized from an innovative process and functionalized with a glycol chitosan polymer in cdtn centro de desenvolvimento da tecnologia nuclear laboratories as a means of studying their in vivo biodistribution SMB these nanotubes were radiolabeled with mtc and injected in mice their size CSD and homogeneity were determined by photon correlation spectroscopy pcs while their zeta potential was determined by LDA the morphology and structural organization were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy sem the functionalization in the nanotubes was evaluated by thermogravimetry analysis tga and fourier transformer ik factors and then by adding information from predictive panels of biomarkers related to atherogenic pathways and by noninvasive imaging of V1 beds at present outcome trials validate the widespread use of statins in the population but studies of other agents have not generated proof of efficacy C2 of highdensity lipoprotein are related inversely to coronary heart disease risk but so far it is unclear if increasing highdensity lipoprotein leads to a reduction in risk PCTs on the utility of highdensity lipoprotein raising on a BG of statin therapy are underway" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1228 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1943", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LDA" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 458 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "laser doppler anemometry" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1945", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "clinical course laboratory findings and histopathological features of RS as described etiological and pathogenetic aspects are still under discussion although a viral infection preceding RS is a very common finding preceding influenza b influenza a and varicella infections were most often seen in the united states a genetic disposition seems to exists in some cases exogenic AF of pathogenetic relevances are aflatoxin emulging agents insecticides PAR acetylsalicylic acid and valproate in the united states and GB the incidence of RS is about ten times higher than in other european countries as demonstrated by reports from spain denmark and france results of an inquiry in western germany on RS between and are presented major pediatric hospitals were included into the study clinical data were obtained from hospitals the incidence of reyes syndrome in western germany during was cases per children under years cases of RS were reported ie an average of cases per year children died patients had been treated with acetylsalicylic acid and patients with paracetamol shortly before the onset of the disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1110 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1946", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "RS" ], "offsets": [ [ 926, 928 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "reyes syndrome" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1948", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "consciousness is topical for reasons including its renewed respectability among psychologists rapid progress in the neuroscience of perception memory and action advances in artificial IQ and dissatisfaction with the dualistic separation of mind and body consciousness is an ambiguous term it can refer to i the waking state ii experience and iii the possession of any mental state selfconsciousness is equally ambiguous with senses including i proneness to embarrassment in social settings ii the ability to detect our own sensations and recall our recent actions iii selfrecognition iv the awareness of awareness and v selfknowledge in the broadest sense the understanding of states of consciousness has been transformed by the delineation of their electrical correlates of structures in brainstem and diencephalon which regulate the sleepwake cycle and of these structures cellular physiology and regional pharmacology clinical studies have defined pathologies of wakefulness coma the PVS the LIS akinetic mutism and BB death interest in the neural basis of perceptual awareness has focused on vision increasingly detailed neuronal correlates of real and illusory visual experience are being defined experiments exploiting circumstances in which visual experience changes while external stimulation is held constant are tightening the exp link between consciousness and its neural correlates work on unconscious neural processes provides a cDNA approach unperceived stimuli have detectable effects on neural events and subsequent action in a range of circumstances blindsight provides the CP example other Az of cognitive neuroscience also promise exp insights into consciousness in particular the distinctions between implicit and explicit memory and deliberate and automatic action overarching scientific theories of consciousness include neurobiological accounts which specify anatomical or physiological mechanisms for awareness theories focusing on the role played by conscious processes in information processing and theories envisaging the functions of consciousness in a social context whether scientific observation and theory will yield a complete account of consciousness remains a live issue physicalism functionalism property dualism and dual aspect theories attempt to do justice to three central but controversial intuitions about experience that it is a robust phenomenon which calls for explanation that it is intimately related to the activity of the brain and that it has an important influence on behaviour" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2528 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1949", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PVS" ], "offsets": [ [ 987, 990 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "persistent vegetative state" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1951", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the structure of coagulation factor xii HF inferred from its dna CS includes two epidermal growth factor egfhomologous domains in its aminoterminal region this suggests that factor xii may exhibit egflike activities reciprocal antigenic crossreactivity between factor xii and egf was shown by exposing purified human factor xii or mouse egf to antimouse egf or antihuman factor xii western blot analysis showed that antimouse egf recognized IN factor xii at kda together these results suggest that the egfhomologous domains are accessible for antiegf IB in native factor xii to determine whether factor xii has mitogenic activity hepg or l cells cells per well were grown in serumfree medium in the presence or absence of factor xii or kaolinactivated factor xii factor xiia both AF xii and xiia microgramsml enhanced cell proliferation by approximately fold p less than and p less than respectively in contrast l cells which are not egf target cells were not affected by either factor xii or factor xiia various doses of factor xii enhanced cell proliferation hthymidine incorporation and hleucine incorporation in hepg cells cultured under the same conditions these data indicate that factor xii like egf is a mitogen for hepg cells and suggest a possible autocrine role in the liver" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1285 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1952", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HF" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 42 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "hageman factor" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1954", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the effectiveness of modified vogel johnson agar and lithium chloridephenylethanolmoxalactam agar for PCD of listeria spp in foods was compared by using the media to analyze retaillevel meat poultry and seafood both by direct plating and in conjunction with a threetube MPN enrichment the mostprobablenumber protocol detected listeria species including LM in a substantial portion of the fresh meat and seafood samples in most instances the listeria C2 were less than cfug which precluded PCD by direct plating modified vogel johnson agar performed as well as did lithium chloridephenylethanolmoxalactam agar and was considerably easier to use because of its ability to differentiate listeria spp from other microorganisms" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 722 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1955", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MPN" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 273 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "mostprobablenumber" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1957", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we studied the effect of different recumbent positions supine left and RL decubitus on PaO2 in VHD patients planned for cardiac surgery all patients had cardiomegaly CTR or in their chest xrays their LVDd was also noted from the preoperative echocardiogram" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 256 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1958", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "LVDd" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 204 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "left ventricular enddiastolic diameter" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1960", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the term hemochromatosis hc corresponds to several diseases characterized by systemic iron overload of genetic origin and affecting both the quality of life and life expectancy L1 improvement in the knowledge of iron metabolism permits to divide these diseases into two main pathophysiological categories for most hc forms types and b hc iron overload is related to cellular hepcidin ED which causes an increase of plasma iron concentration and the appearance of plasma nontransferrin bound iron in contrast iron excess in type a ferroportin disease is related to decreased cellular iron export whatever the hc type the diagnosis rests on a noninvasive strategy combining clinical biological and imaging data the mainstay of the treatment remains venesection therapy with the perspective of hepcidin supplementation for hepcidin deprivationrelated hc prevention of hc is critical at the family level and for type hc remains a major goal although still debated at the population level" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 983 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1961", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ED" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 386 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "deprivation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1963", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "doxazosin is the latest in a series of highly selective postsynaptic alpha adrenoceptor inhibitors it is readily absorbed with high bioavailability and a relatively long plasma halflife neither of which property is influenced by age this accounts for the prolonged pharmacologic activity of doxazosin following a single oral dose its prime pharmacodynamic activity resides in its ability to counter sympathetic vasoconstriction of the SVR arteriolar resistance vessels and VC system which enables the drug to target the L1 pathophysiologic abnormality in hypertension ie the generalized SVR arteriolar constriction the widespread vasodilation induced by doxazosin relieves both cardiac preload and afterload and consequently reduces left VVI WS and myocardial oxygen consumption in hypertension doxazosin reduces blood pressure both at rest and during exercise by reduction of systemic V1 resistance without precipitating substantial reflex cardiac stimulation the effects are maximal on the standing blood pressure between two and four hours after ingestion due to doxazosins relatively slow absorption PH is infrequent its antihypertensive activity is maintained over hours following a single oral dose and the optimal dose range is to mg once daily the antihypertensive efficacy of doxazosin has been shown to be comparable with that of other alphaadrenoceptor inhibitors betablocking drugs diuretics calcium antagonists and angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors in contrast to other conventional antihypertensive drugs a unique feature of alphaadrenoceptorinhibiting drugs including DOX is their ability to reduce the PC of triglycerides total cholesterol and MDA-LDL cholesterol and to increase highdensity VLDL concentration this contrasts with the opposite effect on lipid levels induced by hydrochlorothiazide and atenolol seen in comparative studies side effects show no predilection for any organ system and the overall incidence of such effects compares well with those of other commonly used antihypertensive drugs this unique combination of antihypertensive efficacy and favorable effect on blood lipid C2 indicates that oncedaily treatment with DOX holds considerable promise in the treatment of hypertension both from the point of view of its antihypertensive efficacy and also from its primary preventative potential" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2334 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1964", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "VC" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 475 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "venous capacitance" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1966", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "calretinin immunoreactivity was demonstrated in adult mouse or SN and in the VN and septal chemoreceptor SN whereas parvalbumin expression was restricted to the vomeronasal receptor SN calbindindklike immunoreactivity was primarily localized in the VN and septal chemoreceptor SN although an occasional neuronal IF with calbindindk was also found in restricted areas of the MOE" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 377 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1967", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MOE" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 377 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "main olfactory epithelium" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1969", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "dermatitis caused by malassezia spp one of most common skin disease in dogs requires prolonged therapy andor high doses of antifungal agents in the present T0 the antifungal susceptibility of m pachydermatis to ketoconazole ktz fluconazole flz itraconazole itz posaconazole pos and voriconazole vor was evaluated in vitro using both clsi REF BMD clsi bmd and etest a total of m pachydermatis strains from dogs with and without skin lesions were tested m pachydermatis strains were susceptible to itz ktz and pos using both test methods with the highest mic found in tests of flz essential PA between the two methods ranged from vor to itz and categorical agreement from flz to itz minor error discrepancies were observed between the two methods with L1 discrepancies observed for ktz a higher mic value for flz was noted with m pachydermatis genotype b the mics of m pachydermatis TT b for ktz vor and pos were higher in isolates from dogs with skin lesions than those in isolates from animals without skin lesions the results suggest a link between genotypes of m pachydermatis and in vitro drug susceptibility the categorical agreement for both etest and clsi bmd methods found in this investigation confirms the etest as a reliable diagnostic method for routine use in clinical mycology laboratories" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1302 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1970", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "BMD" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 345 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "broth microdilution" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1972", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the xpert mtbrif assay has been widely implemented in south africa for rapid tuberculosis tb screening however its usefulness in management and improving treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB mdrtb remains undefined the aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical impact of introduction of the xpert mtbrif assay in patients with mdrtb" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 343 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1973", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MDR-TB" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "multidrugresistant tb" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1975", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "seventeen patients over the age of years admitted to the aberdeen teaching hospitals between and mid were diagnosed as having PLA eleven were women and the mean age was years the diagnosis of ALA was made by needle aspiration in seven patients and was an unexpected finding at laparotomy in three six patients were thought to be suffering from advanced malignant disease until autopsy the overall fatality was misleading results from special investigations reduced the chance of a correct diagnosis in several patients even in frail elderly patients a filling defect in the CL should not be attributed to M1 malignancy when there is no known primary site until ALA has been excluded by aspiration biopsy under ultrasound or computerized tomographic scan guidance the high fatality of PLA seems to be at least in part due to a lack of clinical suspicion" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 852 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1976", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ALA" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 195 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "liver abscess" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1978", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of BM can be affected by a smoking habit in the mother consequently this study verified whether maternal smoking modulates and if so to what extent the BM HFA profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 214 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1979", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "BM" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 202 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "breast milk" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1981", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "deazaadenosine dza one of the potent inhibitors of sadenosylhomocysteine hydrolase is known to possess several biological properties including an induction of apoptosis to evaluate a possibility that dza may be utilized for the treatment of human leukemia we studied molecular events of cell death induced by dza in HL-60 hl and u cells dza induced a TPS cleavage of poly adpribose polymerase parp and an activation of the cysteine protease caspasecpp which is known to cleave parp dzamediated nuclear dnafragmentation was CR blocked in the presence of a universal inhibitor of caspases zvadfmk or the TPS inhibitor of ICE zdevdfmk unlike of cycloheximide chx dna fragmentation was preceded by the lowering of cmyc mrna in the dza treated cells in addition dzainduced apoptosis was blocked by i.c.v. with adenosine transporter inhibitors such as nitrobenzylthioinosine nbti and dipyridamole dpd taken together these results demonstrate that dzainduced apoptosis initiated through an AS transport of dza into HL-60 cells is dependent on the caspaselike activity without de novo synthesis tilizes SF CC medium and a hollow fiber CC apparatus significantly less time and space are required than in conventional methods and the resulting adenovirus is collected in a much smaller volume simplifying the purification steps the protocol described is a reproducible convenient biologically safe and environmentally sound method for the production of adenoviral vectors for laboratory use and has the potential to scaleup the adenovirus production for clinical use" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1556 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1982", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HL-60" ], "offsets": [ [ 1008, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "human leukemia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1984", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "kaiser permanente is a group practice MM health maintenance organization hmo with all its established regions being federally qualified under the hmo act of KP is comprised of kaiser foundation hospitals which owns and operates hospitals kaiser foundation health plan inc which arranges member prepaid services and the permanente medical groups partnerships or corporations of physicians who provide professional services after originally being based in california and oregonwashington KP is expanding in various regions around the country" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 539 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1985", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "KP" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 488 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "kaiser permanente" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1987", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "rhGH rhgh is used for the treatment of several disorders structural integrity of rhgh is of critical importance for its clinical use and modifications thereof may act as markers in situations such as rhgh doping as illegal rhghabuse in sports is of increasing interest in the current study we investigated homogeneity of norditropin a recombinant hGH frequently used in medicine expressed in e coli strain mc the most recent proteomics technologies including de maldims followed by maldimsms and lcms followed by lcmsms were used for the characterisation of rhgh malditoftof and electrospray lcms analysis revealed one major protein with an average molecular mass of da and some additional minor components electrospray lcmsms of the enzymatically digested norditropin sample showed deamidation of nn and n oxidation of m m and m and one CAA exchange v for m present in of norditropin while deamidation and oxidation may be due to technical reasons the single CAA exchange may reflect infidelity of translation rather than codon usage and copy editing by e coli" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1061 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1988", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "hGH" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 350 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "human growth hormone" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1990", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "mechanisms of antibiotic resistance were examined in nalidixic acidresistant salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis field isolates displaying decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and in in vitroderived ciprofloxacinresistant mutants cip and cip all field isolates harbored a single gyra mutation dy deletion of acrb and complementation with wildtype gyra increased quinolone susceptibility selection for ciprofloxacin resistance was associated with the OD of an additional gyra sf mutation in cip novel gyrb ed and pare vg mutations in cip overexpression of acrb and decreased susceptibility to nonquinolone antibiotics in both mutants and decreased ompf production and altered lipopolysaccharide in cip complementation of mutated gyra and gyrb with wildtype alleles restored susceptibility to quinolones in cip and significantly decreased the ciprofloxacin mic in cip complementation of pare had no effect on quinolone mics deletion of acrb restored susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and other antibiotics tested both soxs and mara were overexpressed in cip and rama was overexpressed in cip inactivation of each of these global regulators lowered ciprofloxacin mics decreased expression of acrb and restored susceptibility to other antibiotics mutations were found in soxr rh and in soxs ek in cip and in ramr ga in cip in conclusion both efflux activity and a single gyra mutation contribute to nalidixic AR and reduced ciprofloxacin sensitivity ciprofloxacin resistance and decreased susceptibility to multiple antibiotics can result from different genetic events leading to development of target gene mutations increased efflux activity resulting from differential expression of global regulators associated with mutations in their RII genes and possible altered membrane permeability" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1793 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1991", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AR" ], "offsets": [ [ 1412, 1414 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "acid resistance" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1993", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "this study demonstrates how chemically interesterified hydrogenated PO ihpo and partially hydrogenated PO phpo can be structured to have similar mechanical properties crystallization of ihpo at degrees c for h yielded a fat with a solid fat content sfc of and a yield force of n on the other hand phpo had a sfc of and a yield force of n when crystallized under the same conditions the result was opposite from what would be expected from the sfc point of view thus suggesting that the microstructure of the fat plays a key role in determining mechanical properties by matching crystallization SMB using the avrami index as a guide microstructures and material hardness were successfully matched these results suggest that the dynamics of structure formation was a key factor influencing the macroscopic mechanical properties of palm oilbased fats" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 847 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1994", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PO" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 70 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "palm oil" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1996", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the presence of multiple opioid IB CS in human fetal BB at weeks gestational age was determined using the following selective 3H ligands dala nmephe glyolenkephalin dago for the mutype dpen dpenenkephalin dpdp for the deltatype and u for the kappatype hdago and hu each bind to a single class of highaffinity CS in membrane S9 with respective kd values of nm and nm the binding capacity for hdago is pmolg tissue whereas hu has a IB capacity of pmolg tissue using dpdp we did not detect any specific highaffinity IB CS in human fetal brain the nonselective tritiated opioid EKC ekc labels a homogenous class of CS with a kd of nm and a binding capacity of pmolg tissue a value that is not statistically different from the total capacity obtained with hdago and hu competition studies using selective unlabeled opioids against the IB of hdago hu or hekc indicate that opioid CS present in human fetal brain possess similar pharmacological characteristics to those found in human and mammalian adult BB the results of this study present the first evidence for the presence of mu and kappatype opioid sites in human fetal BB and this may support the postulated role of the opioid system in the neurobiological development" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1218 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "1997", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "EKC" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 577 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "ethylketazocine" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "1999", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "gastric intubation with kj of a carbohydrate slurry ml produced increases in resting oxygen consumption vo of to in control coldadapted and hyperthyroid rats but the absolute rise in VO2 after food was greater in the latter group tubefeeding methyl cellulose ml wtvol evoked similar increases in vo to carbohydrate to but all of these responses were inhibited by betaadrenergic blockade with propranolol in coldadapted animals fat kj ml produced a greater thermic effect than carbohydrate or methyl cellulose and water ml also induced a small significant increase in vo treatment with DZ shortly before the meal to inhibit insulin release almost completely inhibited the thermic responses to carbohydrate and methyl cellulose in all groups but did not alter the effects of fat or water ingestion of a nonmetabolizable substance MC would appear to stimulate metabolic rate to a similar extent to carbohydrate possibly by causing gastric distention thermic effects of both these substances appear to involve insulin release and activation of the sympathetic NS the thermic response to fat can also be inhibited by betaadrenergic blockade but apparently does not involve insulin release" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1183 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2000", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "DZ" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 587 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "diazoxide" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2002", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a yearold girl sufferring from a car accident presented with a symptom of oculomotor nerve palsy a ct scan revealed diffuse sah in the suprasellar cistern cisterna ambiens and interpeduncular cistern mri showed contusion of the left cerebral peduncle and a flowing void signal in front of the left CP CBF angiography revealed a bilobulated aneurysm on the pp junction of the left posterior cerebral artery endovascular treatment was performed with coil packing within the aneurysm and occlusion of the parent vessel there were no neurological deficits and no recurrence of the aneurysm on followup studies endovascular embolization of traumatic posterior cerebral artery aneurysm is a safe and effective therapeutic approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 724 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2003", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 300 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cerebral peduncle" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2005", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "soil properties and the environment have multiple outcomes on fungal communities although the interaction effects between management intensity ph AP OC soil texture and different fractions of water stable macroaggregates on the communities of microscopic filamentous fungi mff iron phosphate solubilizing fungi psffe and iron and calcium phosphate solubilizing fungi psffeca have been previously evaluated in field conditions this has never been performed in terms of their combined effects neither with phosphate solubilizing fungi to assess this we collected composite soil samples from eight mexican and colombian coffee plantations with different management intensities and physicochemical edaphic parameters during we isolated different communities of mff psffe and psffeca by wet sieving and soil particles culture in potatodextroseagar from soil samples and we classified isolates in terms of their phosphate solubilizing ability following the principal component analysis results we decided to analyze fungal communities and abiotic factors interactions for each country separately structural equation models revealed that organic carbon was positively associated to mff richness and number of isolates lambda but its relationship with psffe and psffeca were VL while the available phosphorus ph and water stable macroaggregate fractions did not show a clear DP management intensity was negatively related to psffe lambda or morphotype richness and the number of isolates in colombian coffee plantations we found that the relationships of clay and organic carbon content and available phosphorus and soil ph with the species richness and number of isolates of mff psffe and psffeca were highly variable this made impossible to generalize the responses between saprotrophic fungal CG and geographic zones the management intensity was not related to species richness and number of isolates of mff in any coffee Az while for psf the relationship could not be defined the different water stable macroaggregates fractions did not show a defined DP in relation to the species richness and the number of isolates of saprophytic and phosphate solubilizing fungi psf this T0 highlights the need to take into account edaphic and geographic context in order to reach a better understanding of the intensity management effects on mff and psf CF in agroecosystems" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2358 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2006", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "AP" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 148 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "available phosphorus" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2008", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "TPS direct bradykinin bk binding and competitive inhibition was detected in human PMNL and peripheral blood MNC pbmc detergent solubilized extracts and purified PMs using in vitro radioreceptor ligand IB scatchard analyses of ibk binding revealed an equilibrium KB kd of x m for neutrophils and x m for pbmc using desargbk a b agonist x m for neutrophils x m for pbmc with bk a b agonist x m for pbmc using lysbk a b agonist the number of IB sites bmax was calculated to be fmmicrogram protein receptors per cell for neutrophils and fmmicrogram protein receptors per cell for pbmc with the b agonist while with the b agonists the values were fmmicrogram protein receptors per cell for neutrophils and fmmicrogram protein receptors per cell for pbmc with bk and fmmicrogram protein receptors per cell with lysbk for pbmc in a competitive binding HAI using PMNL and pbmc glycerol purified PMs high affinity IB in the nanomolar range was detected to lysbk and bk but with desargbk a fold lower order affinity was observed this being indicative of pharmacologically defined b characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1087 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2009", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "KB" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 264 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "dissociation constant" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2011", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "coeliac disease cd is a disorder of the small intestine characterized by VA due to an intolerance to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals which responds to gluten withdrawal the underlying immunological mechanisms causing the disorder are still being worked out in recent years a wide range of clinical presentations has become increasingly apparent as has a lengthening list of associated conditions severe malabsorption with steatorrhoea and profound WL is seen infrequently perhaps as a result of earlier diagnosis and the recognition of silent and latent disease the prevalence of cd as judged by population screening with in particular antiendomysial antibodies appears to be much higher than that found with clinically apparent cases there are a variety of well recognized complications the commonest probably being osteopenia and osteoporosis the marked increased risk of lymphoma can be avoided by a strict GFD followup of patients needs to be lifelong with prompt investigation of new PS and blood test abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1042 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2012", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "GFD" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 935 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "glutenfree diet" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2014", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "with the aging of the population especially in canadian rural areas providing home care services will be particularly challenging as care is needed by increasingly vulnerable rural older adults in increasingly vulnerable rural settings with fewer services supports and caregivers the purpose of this paper is to present examples of the federal eg first nations and inuit home and community care and provincial eg ontarios CC access centres HC policy context in which canadian home care is provided to identify the challenges faced by HC providers in meeting the needs of rural residents and to offer solutions to these challenges the most pressing challenges in aging rural settings are to ensure ERP access to quality health care services and to address the shortage of HC providers especially RNs provincial and federal HC models would be enhanced by an integrative MM of continuing care and a national home care FR that would address the broader funding and human resource issues other uniquely rural recruitment and PR strategies are suggested such as maximizing the fit between the home care providers attributes and the needs and expectations of the rural community sufficient public funding and resources for rural and remote HC programs are needed to develop and implement the expanded role of case managers health care teams that include both professionals and paraprofessionals standardized assessment tools and reporting systems innovative use and training in the use of technology and partnerships that optimize resources and build support networks for rural HC providers clients and family and friend caregivers" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1624 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2015", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "RNs" ], "offsets": [ [ 795, 798 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "registered nurses" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2017", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "to determine the frequency and severity of EM in adolescent and teenager girls with CPP cpp who fail to respond to medical treatment and to evaluate the outcome of radical LS for severe endometriosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 199 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2018", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 87 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "chronic pelvic pain" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2020", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "several PLT CF tests were performed on patients undergoing L1 operations who recieved prophylactically small subcutaneous doses of heparin a group of similar patients without heparin served as controls it was found that postoperatively in both groups a the platelet retention in glass bead column was significantly increased p less than b the platelet aggregation by adp micronm was slightly increased c the collageninduced aggregation adp release and the bleeding time remained unchanged and d the platelet counts decreased in the first PODs and increased thereafter there was no difference between patients on heparin and controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 632 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2021", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PODs" ], "offsets": [ [ 538, 542 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "postoperative days" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2023", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "bacteria act as pro or anti tumorigenic agents whole bacteria or cytotoxic or immunogenic peptides carried by them exert potent antitumor effects in the experimental models of cancer the use of att microorganisms eg bcg to treat human UBC was found to be superior compared to standard chemotherapy although the phasei PCTs with salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium has shown limited benefits in human subjects a recent preclinical trial in pet dogs with tumors reported some subjects benefited from this treatment strain in addition to the attenuated host strains derived by conventional mutagenesis recombinant dna technology has been applied to a few microorganisms that have been evaluated in the context of tumor colonization and eradication using mouse models there is an enormous surge in publications describing bacterial anticancer therapies in the past years vectors for delivering shrnas that target oncogenic products express RT suppressor genes and immunogenic proteins have been developed these approaches have showed promising antitumor activity in mouse models against various PT these can be potential therapeutics for humans in the future in this review some conceptual and practical issues on how to improve these agents for human applications are discussed" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1278 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2024", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "UBC" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 238 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "urinary bladder cancer" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2026", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the present study investigates the effect of hydroxytryptophan htp a serotonin precursor on crossed PN activity cpna in rats subjected to a left c spinal cord hemisection electrophysiological experiments were conducted on anesthetized vagotomized paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats to assess PN activity the left phrenic nerve lost rhythmic activity due to the disruption of the bulbospinal respiratory pathways following spinal cord hemisection activity was induced in the left phrenic nerve cpna by temporary asphyxia htp administration increased cpna during asphyxia in the left phrenic nerve in a dosedependent fashion specifically in a group of eight animals application of htp at and mgkg significantly increased cpna by and compared with predrug control values respectively htpinduced increases in cpna were reversed by methysergide mgkg iv a 5-HT3 antagonist the results suggest that serotonin is involved in the modulation of crossed PNA following spinal cord injury" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 983 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2027", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PN" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 302 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "phrenic nerve" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2029", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "we have developed a method for analyzing polar EDC by reversedphase lcesims following esterification of the analytes free hydroxyl CG with propionyl or benzoyl acid anhydride the method was applied to members of the plant hormone group CKs which includes adenine bases ribosidesglycosides and nucleotides substituted at n with an isoprenoid side chain spanning a wide range of polarity it was also used to analyze other EDC of biological importance eg the nucleotides amp adp and atp the formation of more hydrophobic derivatives had a significant impact on two aspects of the analysis the PR on a reversedphase material was greatly increased without the use of any acetateformate buffer or ion pairing reagent and the esi response was enhanced due to the higher surface activities of the derivatives detection limits of propionylated CKs were in the highattomole to lowfemtomole range an improvement by factors of compared to previously reported figures using an automated spebased purification method endogenous cytokinins were quantified in extracts from to mg samples of leaves from the plant arabidopsis thaliana with high accuracy and precision furthermore the chromatographic properties of the benzoylated amp adp and atp in the RP lcms system were much better in terms of PR separation and sensitivity than those of their underivatized counterparts even without the use of any ion pairing reagent oferrugineus adults use this odor as a kairomone for location of their prey in field trapping experiments significantly more trapping events of e ferrugineus beetles were observed in lindgren funnel traps baited with rgammadecalactone than in control traps vs respectively analyses of HS collections from e ferrugineus beetles indicate that the predator itself does not produce the substance both sexes were attracted to the prey pheromone suggesting that e ferrugineus males use the odor as an indirect cue for location of mates or of the tree hollows which make up their habitat when compared to pitfall traps the lindgren system was significantly more ERP in trapping e ferragineus and no difference could be established for o eremita showing the high potential to use odorbased systems to catch both species we suggest that rgammadecalactone could be used as a master signal in monitoring programs for these vulnerable beetle species which are both regarded as indicators of the associated insect fauna of the threatened habitat of old hollow trees" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2457 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2030", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CKs" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 239 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cytokinins" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2032", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "tumor necrosis factor alpha TNF and its receptors tnfri and tnfrii which exist in soluble form as a product of cleavage of the extracellular domain of membrane integrated receptors still rise debate about their importance it was reported that tnfalpha has numerous actions in diseases such as inflammation autoimmunity infectious diseases septic shock and many types of cancer several authors have reported the significance of stnfri level in SS of CA patients this study was performed in collaboration with the institute of oncology of slovenia at least two different mouse monoclonal antibodies mabs against human stnfri have been prepared to obtain a sensitive and reliable sandwich elisa it was compared with commercially available rd and endogen elisas for the determination of stnfri groups of patients with different stages of melanoma and EOC were tested and their clinical records were reexamined levels of stnfri were measured and compared with the normal serumamino acids and carbohydrates a refractometry detector with the nl cell applied systems minsk belarus was employed to identify amino acids and carbohydrates without derivatization the first results are provided on separation of seven free amino acids in the phosphate running buffer and three free carbohydrates in the boratesodium dodecyl sulfate running buffer and detection by refractometer fused capillaries of or microm internal diameter and separation Vc kv were applied LOD ranged typically from to fmol and the response was linear over two orders of magnitude for most of the amino acids and carbohydrates the hpce system demonstrated good longterm stability and reproducibility with a relative sigma less than for the migration time n" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1714 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2033", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "EOC" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 850 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "epithelial ovarian carcinoma" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2035", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "some patients with cleft lippalate or ICP seem to develop snoring as one possible symptom of an OSA syndrome after velopharyngoplasty vpp the aim of this paper was to determine whether there was a difference in the PAS pas between patients with a vpp who snored and those who did not four standard parameters were measured in lateral cephalograms of patients with cleft lippalate and isolated cleft palate without diagnosis of further syndromes eg PRS having undergone vpp to examine the dimensions of the pas data were set in rho to the symptom of snoring and compared with those of patients without cleft undergoing orthodontic treatment and with patients with cleft lippalate or ICP but not vpp metric parameters were significantly different T3 vpp in patients with clefting and snoring compared to the group of cleft patients without snoring all patients with clefts exhibited at least in one dimension a constriction when compared to patients without clefting in conclusion cleft lippalate and ICP patients tend to have constrictions of the pas vpp may induce snoring and further narrowing recall and analysis for OSA syndrome should be mandatory" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1151 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2036", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ICP" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "isolated cleft palate" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2038", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "a comparative study of karyotypes hematological variables and neutrophil ALP phosphatase nap was performed in parents couples of children with free homogeneous trisomy and of parents couples of NC in the parents of trisomy children we found a significant increase of the nap p and a NS difference in the number of WG blood cells in cases we also found an anomaly in the karyotype a modification of the metabolism of the neutrophils seems possible" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 446 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2039", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "NC" ], "offsets": [ [ 194, 196 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "normal children" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2041", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "previous studies from our laboratory indicate that traumatic brain injury tbi in humans results in proteolysis of neuronallylocalized intracellular microtubule associated protein maptau to produce cleaved tau ctau the present study evaluated the utility of ctau to function as a biomarker of neuronal injury and as a biomarker for evaluating neuroprotectant drug tau in a CCI MM of rat tbi BB ctau was determined in rats subjected to controllet for wetting SL flow meniscus oscillation and the dynamics of snapoff interfaces are tracked through pore elements using a modified poiseuille equation for the equivalent hydraulic resistance of the fluids between the pore element centers the MM is used to investigate the effects of capillary number and viscosity ratio on MSD patterns and fractional flow in primary drainage we show that the amount of snapoff increases with increasing capillary number and decreasing wetting phase viscosity for capillary numbers lower than approximately the porescale fluid CSD and fractional flow are similar to those obtained using a quasistatic model that ignores viscous forces the contribution of oil transport from ganglia formed by snapoff is negligible except for very C1 capillary numbers greater than around" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1248 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2042", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CCI" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 375 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "controlled cortical impact" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2044", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "objective the leukocyte hemeenzyme mpo myeloperoxidase exerts Th1 effects on the vascular system primarily linked to its catalytic properties recent studies have shown that mpo depending on its cationic charge mediates neutrophil recruitment and activation here we further investigated mpos extracatalytic properties and its effect on EC glycocalyx eg integrity RPA and results in vivo IF of mu cremaster muscle vessels with AB gx provided evidence of an mpodependent decrease in anionic charge of the eg mpo IB to the glycocalyx was further characterized using CHO-K1 and its glycoutoantibodies are reported to cause heterogeneity in lada reports indicate that individuals with high levels of autoantibodies have a more type diabetes like phenotype and individuals with low C2 of autoantibody positivity have a more type diabetes like phenotype it is also well known that autoantibody C2 can fluctuate and transient autoantibody positivity in adult onset autoimmune diabetes have been reported to affect the phenotype" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1018 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2045", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CHO-K1" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 568 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "chinese hamster ovary cells" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2047", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "to support the global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis lf wellmonitored demonstration projects are important for defining the relationship between coverage and reductions in mf we are using mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine dec and albendazole in an effort to eliminate lf from leogane haiti wuchereria bancrofti mf prevalence at baseline ranged from to in four sentinel CS after three rounds of decalbendazole mass drug administration mda both mf prevalence and intensity decreased dramatically mild and moderate adverse reactions T3 treatment were common especially after the first mda but decreased T3 subsequent mdas drug coverage for the first year was estimated to be but concerns about adverse reactions appeared to decrease drug coverage in the second mda as a result of community education efforts that focused on providing a greater understanding of adverse reactions coverage increased dramatically for the third round program efficiency increased substantially the costs per person treated for three rounds of mda were us dollars us dollars and us dollars per person respectively the leogane experience highlights the importance of adapting community education and mobilization campaigns to achieve and maintain good coverage" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1251 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2048", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "mf" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "microfilaremia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2050", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "myiasis is defined as an infestation of the organs andor tissues of human and other animals by fly maggots fly species that normally breed in meat or carrion diptera calliphoridae sarcophagidae may become involved in cutaneous myiasis by colonizing preexisting wounds reports of human wound myiasis contracted in hospitals and nursing homes especially when patients are chronically ill or bedridden are not uncommon across north america and often result in cases of neglect and civil litigation based on a case history dealing with this latter situation and circumstances surrounding the treatment of maggot infestation we designed an experiment to assess the effectiveness of wound cleansing solutions on maggot mortality treatments consisting of four commonly used cleaning solutions IPA dakins solution iodine and hydrogen peroxide and a control DW were applied to experimental units n with each unit consisting of groups of actively feeding lucilia sericata maggots diptera calliphoridae every h treatments were applied and mortality was assessed for the duration of the study days total mean mortality increased over the duration of the experiment with an initial large increase T3 the first treatment application followed by a gradual increase over the remainder of the T0 GA differences among treatments indicated greatest mean total mortality for dakins solution sodium hypochlorite followed by isopropyl alcohol betadine hydrogen peroxide and lowest mortality for the control however no statistically significant differences were observed among treatments and no treatment resulted in maggot mortality traditional wound cleansing solutions may not be sufficient for maggot infestations of preexisting wounds and supplemental treatments may be necessary to effectively treat cases of wound myiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1805 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2051", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "IPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 789 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "isopropyl alcohol" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2053", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "anxiety and depressive problems have often been related to higher hypothalamicpituitaryadrenal hpaaxis activity basal morning cortisol C2 and cortisol awakening response car and externalizing problems to lower hpaaxis activity however associations appear weaker and more inconsistent than initially assumed previous studies from the tracking adolescents individual lives study trails suggested sexdifferences in these relationships and differential associations with TPS dimensions of depressive problems in a general population sample of children years using the trails population sample n we tested hypotheses on the association between single day cortisol basal morning C2 and car and specifically constructed dimensions of anxiety cognitive versus somatic depressive cognitiveaffective versus somatic and externalizing problems reactive versus proactive aggression and explored the modifying role of sex moreover we repeated analyses in an independent sameaged clinicreferred sample n SEM was used to investigate the association between cortisol and higher and lowerorder thus broad and specific problem dimensions based on selfreports in an integrated model overall findings were consistent across the population and clinicreferred samples as well as with the existing literature most support was found for higher cortisol mainly car in relation to depressive problems however in GA associations were weak in both samples therefore the present results shed doubt on the relevance of single day cortisol measurements for problem behaviors in the milder range associations may be stronger in more severe or persistent psychopathology" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1636 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2054", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SEM" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 992 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "structural equation modeling" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2056", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "there are no efficient and noninvasive clinical tests to distinguish between OA oa and NOA noa epididymal protease inhibitor eppin protein is secreted specifically by testes and epididymides in male reproductive system it does not exist in seminal plasma of patients with oa in theory the seminal plasma from normal men and azoospermic patients was detected via western blot for investigating the presence and characteristics of eppin protein to distinguish between oa and noa the cases were diagnosed as noa whether eppin in seminal plasma was positive via western blot analysis the cases were diagnosed as oa when samples were eppinnegative additionally percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration pesa and percutaneous testicular sperm aspiration ptsa were performed on these patients at the same time as the diagnostic criteria to compare with western blot analysis eppin detection in SP showed similar effectivity with pesaptsa in differential diagnosis between oa and noa compared with pesaptsa eppin detection is a new efficient and noninvasive method which has good clinical application" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1091 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2057", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "OA" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 79 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "obstructive azoospermia" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2059", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "nanomedicines based on biodegradable micelles offer a most promising treatment for malignant PT their clinical effectiveness however remains to be improved here we report that selfcrosslinkable and intracellularly decrosslinkable micellar NPs scidms selfassembled from novel amphiphilic biodegradable polyethylene glycolbpolydithiolane TMC block copolymer achieve highefficiency targeted cancer chemotherapy in vivo interestingly doxorubicin doxloaded scidms showed favorable features of superb stability minimal drug leakage long circulation time triggered drug release inside the tumor cells and an unprecedented maximumtolerated dose mtd of over mg dox equivkg in mice which was at least times higher than free drug the in vivo studies in malignant b melanomabearing cbl mice revealed that doxscidms at a dosage of mg dox equivkg could effectively suppress RT growth and prolong mice survival time without causing obvious SVR toxicity moreover doxscidms could be readily decorated with a targeting ligand like crgd peptide the biodistribution studies showed that crgddoxscidms had a high tumor accumulation of idg at h p.i. which was ca fold higher than that for clinically used PLD doxlps accordingly crgddoxscidms exhibited significantly better therapeutic efficacy and lower SE than doxlps in b melanomabearing mice these selfregulating biodegradable micellar nanoparticles offer a robust multifunctional and viable nanoplatform for targeted cancer chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1467 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2060", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PLD" ], "offsets": [ [ 1182, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pegylated liposomal doxorubicin" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2062", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "legionnaires disease is a modern environmental infectious disease it stems from the capacity of the causative agent legionella to multiply within amoebae in warm water and the use during the th century of devices that maintain water at warm temperatures and produce aerosols when contaminated with legionella aerosols consisting of respirable droplets place the bacteria in juxtaposition with alveolar macrophages which as with amoebae they may parasitize resulting in illness in susceptible persons the disease is much more common than previously appreciated with at least cases estimated to occur per year in the united states based on prospective studies two highly specific tests urinary antigen detection and sputum SC are available for diagnosis during illness with to sensitivity urinary antigen tests rapidly detect antigens of legionella SG which are responsible for of the cases of legionnaires disease results can be available within a few hours culture of sputum is to CS but several days are required for growth and many patients do not produce sputum serologic testing although useful for epidemiologic studies when convalescentphase antibody titers can be compared with acutephase titers is not helpful for clinical decision making because of the low positive predictive value of commercially available acutephase serologic tests erythromycins intravenous azithromycin and levofloxacin are currently approved by the us food and drug administration for treatment of legionnaires disease however clarithromycin and several other fluoroquinolones are active against legionella and may also provide ERP therapy recent recommendations from the CDC and preventions hospital IC practices advisory committee should be helpful in reducing nosocomial legionnaires disease recommendations are in place or are being developed to minimize the risk of disease in a variety of other settings" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1891 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2063", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "SG" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 849 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "pneumophila serogroup" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2065", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the value of interrupter resistance measurements has been questioned because these depend on equilibration between AM pa and mouth pressure pao which may not occur during airway one or in measurements in children in order to determine whether airway geometry and its interaction with the lung volume can be obtained without CR pressure equilibration the postocclusional oscillatory Pao pressure transients paot after flow interruption were studied in comparison to airway resistance raw lung volumes tgv vc and mef in HC y and adults y in both time and frequency domains the frequency of pressure oscillations was correlated to tgv p its damping properties d were correlated to mef p performing airflow interruptions in the same subject showed that d increased at low lung volumes during bronchial challenge test d significantly increased with carbachol and decreased with salbutamol whereas the frequency decreased with carbachol and increased with salbutamol therefore the analysis of postocclusional pressure oscillations can be used to assess relative changes in airway mechanics and its interaction with lung volume during bronchial challenge tests in patients such as children with poor cooperation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1204 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2066", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "Pao" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 385 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "airway opening" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2068", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "for effective operating room or planning surgery duration estimation is critical overestimation leads to underutilization of expensive hospital resources eg or time whereas underestimation leads to overtime and high waiting times for the patients in this paper we consider a particular estimation method currently in use and using additional temporal operational and staffrelated factors provide a statistical model to adjust these estimates for higher accuracythe results show that our method increases the accuracy of the estimates in particular by reducing large errors for the cases we have in our data our model decreases the mean MAD of the currently used scheduled duration ± minutes by ± minutes for the cases with large negative PE however the decrease in the mean MAD is ± T2 with a respective increase of ± minutes in C1 positive PE we find that not only operational and temporal AF but also medical staff and team experience related factors such as number of nurses and the frequency of the medical team working together could be used to improve the currently used estimates finally we conclude that one could further improve these predictions by combining our model with other good prediction models proposed in the literature specifically one could decrease the mean absolute deviation of ± T2 obtained via the method of dexter et al anesth analg by ± T2 by combining our method with theirs" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1410 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2069", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MAD" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 779 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "absolute deviation" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2071", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "comparing differential gene expression profiles established by cdna microarray between normal cells n primary carcinoma cells t and metastatic carcinoma cells m may determine those critical genes directly associated with progression and metastasis of breast cancer total rna was extracted by laser microdissection lmd from slices of t n and m from cases after amplification by a tbased system differentially expressed genes between t n and m were identified by cdna microarray in addition to clarify the mechanism for altered gene expression we determined the methylation status by sequencing T3 bisulfite treatment for intriguing genes as a result the expression of motility related protein mrpcd PMP22 pmp and ICE casp were downregulated in m compared to t we focused especially on mrp and found that the expression status of mrp was significantly inversely associated with stage of disease in cases of breast CA p and the relapse free survival in years was significantly higher in mrp positive cases than those negative cases p conversely overexpression by fold of signal transduction and translation AF were observed in t compared to n the cancer TPS methylation was observed only in casp in a case in conclusion the establishment of the present CA allows us to detect genes directly associated with each cell population within tumor tissue and gives us clues to identify metastasisrelated genes comprehensively in clinical breast CA cases" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1443 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2072", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "PMP22" ], "offsets": [ [ 698, 703 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "peripheral myelin protein" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2074", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "trauma care has traditionally focused on prehospital and hospital settings yet many injured patients report emotional distress in the postacute care setting which is known to impair recovery the objective of this T0 was to assess postdischarge emotional REC and communication preferences an observational cohort of AD patients from our level trauma center was surveyed one to two months postdischarge among those employed preinjury per cent had not returned to work nearly half screened positive for emotional issues posttraumatic AS disorder depression andor psychological distress of these only per cent considered getting professional help and only per cent received help the barrier most cited was cost per cent did not know how or where to get help most participants responded no or i dont know when asked if they had received information about coping with negative emotions T3 injury and how to seek help from a doctor to address these emotions twothirds preferred to receive such information via phone call from a HCP or by text eightynine per cent owned a cellphone our trauma systems are failing to provide comprehensive care or look at the ultimate outcomes of our patients yet modern technology could provide needed resources to patients in novel ways" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1262 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2075", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "HCP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1021, 1024 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "health care provider" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2077", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "unlike kaolin thrombelastography kteg the clinical utility of rapid TEG rteg and functional fibrinogen TEG ffteg has not been tested in CL transplantation lt these TEG techniques were simultaneously performed at the time of the skin incision the baseline and T2 T3 VG reperfusion iii for consecutive adult lt patients kteg and rteg parameters alpha angle α and MA of the clot ma were compared in addition to the CA time estimated ffteg fibrinogen levels were compared with plasma fibrinogen measurements at the baseline the values of spearmans rho coefficient r between kteg and rteg were moderate for α r p and strong for ma r p at iii r was p for α and p for ma the average time required to measure ma via rteg was decreased in comparison with kteg from to T2 at the baseline a reduction and from to minutes at iii a reduction ffteg correlated strongly with the PF level at the baseline r p however ffteg overestimated the fibrinogen level at iii r p in conclusion in adult lt rteg correlates with kteg strongly for ma but only moderately for α ffteg estimates the PF level well at the baseline however it must be interpreted with caution because of its overestimation T3 VG reperfusion when the plasma fibrinogen level often decreases to less than mgdl" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1259 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2078", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "TEG" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 106 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "thrombelastography" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2080", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "maternal heroin abuse has been shown to result in teratogenic neurobehavioral defects in the F1 but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown this study was designed to explore the role of neuronal apoptosis in the heroininduced neurobehavioral defects of learning and SM pregnant balbc mice were treated with either heroin or saline the animals in the heroin group received heroin subcutaneously at a dosage of mgkgday on embryonic days e while those in the saline group were treated as drugnaive F1 were grouped as prenatal heroin exposure her prenatal saline SE sal and control con groups according to the maternal treatment regimen some of the mice were killed and their hippocampus harvested on PN day p and the tissue subjected to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction western blotting and immunohistochemistry to reveal the mrna and protein expressions of caspase bcl and bax the MWM was applied to assess the learning and memory capability of the mice at p poor maze performances were observed for the animals in the her group the results also showed that the mrna and protein expressions of ICE and bax were significantly increased while that of bcl was markedly decreased in the her group compared with both the sal and con CG the immunohistochemistry revealed significant caspase immunoreactivity in the DG and CA ca subareas of the HPC formation whereas no significant changes were seen in subarea ca these findings suggest that prenatal heroin exposure during the e period enhances neuronal apoptosis by altering the expressions of ICE bcl and bax in the mouse hippocampus and leads to impairment in hippocampusdependent learning and SM" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1666 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2081", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1339, 1341 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "cornu ammonis" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2083", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "consanguinity plays an important role in the genetic etiology of CM in easter island the degree of consanguinity could be higher than in continental chile therefore the study of the prevalence of congenital malformations in this island seems worthwhile" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 252 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2084", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 67 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "congenital malformations" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2086", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "for the purpose of examining the relation of sleep problems and other possible correlates with smoking among staff nurses in hospitals the crosssectional data of a selfadministered questionnaire survey for japanese female staff nurses were reanalyzed registered nurses or licensed practical nurses were while NAs were the prevalence of current smoking pcs was being higher than that in the GP of japanese women the CS exhibited a high tendency toward tobacco dependence multivariate analyses revealed that pcs was associated with recent frequent night shifts and a C1 amount of support from coworkers while the association of a C1 amount of job control and a feeling of CS overnight sleep with pcs was also suggested the tobaccodependent tendency was associated with recent LE and the presence of insomnia it is possible that smoking is a countermeasure against sleepiness caused by the disadaptation to shiftwork or that tobaccointake pharmacologically disturbs sleep for decreasing pcs in staff nurses further research should focus on the relation of smoking with their sleepiness and shiftworking system and also on the process in which major LE develop smoking behaviors" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1174 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2087", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CS" ], "offsets": [ [ 670, 672 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "light" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2089", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "the division patterns of NPCs in developing vertebrate brains have traditionally been classified into three types i symmetric divisions producing two progenitor cells pp division ii symmetric divisions producing two neurons nn division and iii asymmetric divisions producing one progenitor cell and one neuron pn division many studies examining the mechanisms regulating pn divisions have focused on MI cleavage orientation and the possible uneven CSD of cellfate determining molecules such as numb although these two AF may intrinsically determine daughter cell fate arising from mphase progenitor cells no unified explanations have yet to be put forth incorporating all available data in this review i will discuss recent advances in techniques allowing the more detailed monitoring of daughter cell SMB in a heterogeneously pseudostratified NE that demonstrate previously unrecognized asymmetries in pp divisions careful observations of daughter cell SMB suggest that immediately after their birth at the apical surface of the NE generated cells may not yet be fate committed but rather integrate extrinsic and intrinsic signals during gi phase before continuing down a developmental pathway" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1194 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2090", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 402 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "mitotic" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2092", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "despite considerable scientific efforts no clinical method is currently available for the continuous monitoring of glucose in subcutaneous ITF in GA good results were obtained during invitro experiments with various implantable gl sensors however T3 implantation these devices exhibited a progressive loss of sensor CF it is evident that the tissue reaction to the implanted sensor especially the interactions at the sensortissue interface plays an important role in this loss of function adequate strategies to improve invivo sensor performance can only be developed if there is a better understanding of the processes involved in sensor inactivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 651 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2093", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "ITF" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 142 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "tissue fluid" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2095", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "it has been proposed that hyperhomocysteinemia may exert its pathogenic effects largely through metabolic accumulation of sadenosylhomocysteine sah a strong MK-801 inhibitor of most methyltransferases here we investigated the effects of sah on hoinduced cellular dna damage in comparison with the effects of homocysteine hcy in a mouse endothelial cell line and a human intestinal cell line cells were preincubated for h with ho microm followed by incubation with sah or hcy for h dna strand breakage was determined using comet CA and DRC determined using the same CA over time at and h during sah incubation in both types of cells sah at microm strongly and dose dependently enhanced hodependent dna damage and inhibited dna repair whereas hcy had a much weaker effect sah markedly increased uracil misincorporation and this effect was also much stronger than that of hcy taken together our results show that sah potentiates hoinduced dna damage in cell cultures through impaired dna repair capability and suggest that such effects are related to uracil misincorporation although the in vivo relevance of our findings is unclear the biological significance of sahmediated detrimental effect AA to elevated intracellular hcy is an interesting area awaiting further exploration" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1276 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2096", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "CA" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 567 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "assay" } ] } ]

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[ { "id": "2098", "type": "PubMed abstract", "text": [ "to examine the electrostatic effects of fixed negative charges on the glomerular capillary wall polydisperse hdeae dextran a polycationic form of dextran was infused into MW rats fractional Cl of deae ranging in radius from to a were determined in these rats together with direct measurements of the forces and flows governing the glomerular filtration rate of water these results were compared with data previously obtained in MW rats receiving tritiated neutral dextran d and polyanionic DS ds measured values for the determinants of the glomerular filtration rate of water in rats given deae were found to be essentially identical to those in rats given either d or ds in addition deae was shown to be neither secreted nor reabsorbed fractional clearances of polycationic deae were increased relative to both d and ds the increase relative to d being significant for ERP molecular radii ranging from to a fractional deae clearances were also measured in a separate group of six MW rats in the early autologous phase of nephrotoxic SS nephritis nsn fractional deae clearances in nsn rats were reduced significantly relative to values measured in normal rats for effective deae radii ranging from to a moreover in nsn rats fixed negative charges on the glomerular capillary wall were greatly reduced relative to nonnsn rats as evidenced by a reduction in intensity of CI staining thus in nsn rats deae Cl were essentially indistinguishable from values obtained with both neutral d and polyanionic ds" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1500 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "2099", "type": "abbreviation", "text": [ "MW" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 430 ] ], "normalized": [ { "db_name": "medal", "db_id": "munichwistar" } ] } ]

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