Datasets:

bigbio

/

biomrc

like 2

2097900

2097901

2097902

Differential effects on the mesenteric microcirculatory response to @entity1951 and XXXX after cardiopulmonary bypass.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity5327 is a rare but potentially devastating complication of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunction resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: @entity1707 underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 6) for 90 minutes and postbypass reperfusion for 180 minutes. Sham operations (n = 6) were performed on controls. Mesenteric tissue was harvested before bypass and after postbypass reperfusion. Microvascular contraction to @entity2647 and @entity1951 was examined by videomicroscopy. Contractile responses with inhibition of the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 ( @entity53363 ) pathway by @entity4286 (30 micromol/L) and p38 kinase inhibition by @entity1441 (1 micromol/L) also were determined. Activated forms of @entity53363 and p38 kinase were measured by Western blot. @entity53363 and p38 activity were localized in mesenteric tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Contractile responses to @entity2647 were increased at 180 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass (+49.7% +/- 5.5%, P < .01), whereas contraction to @entity1951 was unchanged. @entity53363 pathway inhibition reduced contractile responses to @entity2647 at baseline and 180 minutes after bypass (both P < .01) but had no effect on contraction to @entity1951 . p38 Kinase inhibition decreased the contractile responses to @entity1951 at baseline and 180 minutes after bypass (both P < .01) but did not alter the contractile response to @entity2647 . Activated @entity53363 levels were increased by more than 40% at 180 minutes after bypass (P < .01). Protein levels of activated p38 kinase were not changed. The increased @entity53363 activity was associated with mesenteric arterioles by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: A differential pattern of mesenteric vasomotor regulation exists after cardiopulmonary bypass that may contribute to the risk of @entity5327 after cardiac surgery.

2097903

2097904

2097905

Differential effects on the mesenteric microcirculatory response to XXXX and @entity2647 after cardiopulmonary bypass.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity5327 is a rare but potentially devastating complication of cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. We hypothesized that alterations in mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways contribute to mesenteric microcirculatory dysfunction resulting from cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: @entity1707 underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 6) for 90 minutes and postbypass reperfusion for 180 minutes. Sham operations (n = 6) were performed on controls. Mesenteric tissue was harvested before bypass and after postbypass reperfusion. Microvascular contraction to @entity2647 and @entity1951 was examined by videomicroscopy. Contractile responses with inhibition of the extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 ( @entity53363 ) pathway by @entity4286 (30 micromol/L) and p38 kinase inhibition by @entity1441 (1 micromol/L) also were determined. Activated forms of @entity53363 and p38 kinase were measured by Western blot. @entity53363 and p38 activity were localized in mesenteric tissue by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Contractile responses to @entity2647 were increased at 180 minutes after cardiopulmonary bypass (+49.7% +/- 5.5%, P < .01), whereas contraction to @entity1951 was unchanged. @entity53363 pathway inhibition reduced contractile responses to @entity2647 at baseline and 180 minutes after bypass (both P < .01) but had no effect on contraction to @entity1951 . p38 Kinase inhibition decreased the contractile responses to @entity1951 at baseline and 180 minutes after bypass (both P < .01) but did not alter the contractile response to @entity2647 . Activated @entity53363 levels were increased by more than 40% at 180 minutes after bypass (P < .01). Protein levels of activated p38 kinase were not changed. The increased @entity53363 activity was associated with mesenteric arterioles by immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: A differential pattern of mesenteric vasomotor regulation exists after cardiopulmonary bypass that may contribute to the risk of @entity5327 after cardiac surgery.

2097906

2097907

2097908

Cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling in preadipocytes: role of Wnt co-receptor XXXX ( @entity8950 ).

multiple_choice

Disturbed Wnt signaling has been implicated in numerous diseases, @entity2175 . In the present study, we have investigated cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways using preadipocytes with and without knockdown of the Wnt co-receptors @entity8950 and @entity17656 and with and without knock-out of insulin and @entity442 receptors. We find that Wnt stimulation leads to phosphorylation of insulin signaling key mediators, including @entity584 , @entity9459 , and @entity1366 , although with a lower fold stimulation and slower time course than observed for insulin. These Wnt effects are insulin/ @entity442 receptor-dependent and are lost in insulin/ @entity442 receptor double knock-out cells. Conversely, in @entity8950 knockdown preadipocytes, insulin-induced phosphorylation of @entity10175 , @entity584 , @entity9459 , and @entity1366 is highly reduced. This effect is specific to insulin, as compared with @entity442 , stimulation and appears to be due to an inducible interaction between @entity8950 and the @entity8277 as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. These data demonstrate that Wnt and insulin signaling pathways exhibit cross-talk at multiple levels. Wnt induces phosphorylation of @entity584 , @entity1366 , and @entity9459 , and this is dependent on insulin/ @entity442 receptors. Insulin signaling also involves the Wnt co-receptor @entity8950 , which has a positive effect on insulin signaling. Thus, altered Wnt and @entity8950 activity can serve as modifiers of insulin action and insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of @entity6 and @entity209 .

2097909

2097910

2097911

Cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling in preadipocytes: role of Wnt co-receptor @entity8950 ( XXXX ).

multiple_choice

Disturbed Wnt signaling has been implicated in numerous diseases, @entity2175 . In the present study, we have investigated cross-talk between insulin and Wnt signaling pathways using preadipocytes with and without knockdown of the Wnt co-receptors @entity8950 and @entity17656 and with and without knock-out of insulin and @entity442 receptors. We find that Wnt stimulation leads to phosphorylation of insulin signaling key mediators, including @entity584 , @entity9459 , and @entity1366 , although with a lower fold stimulation and slower time course than observed for insulin. These Wnt effects are insulin/ @entity442 receptor-dependent and are lost in insulin/ @entity442 receptor double knock-out cells. Conversely, in @entity8950 knockdown preadipocytes, insulin-induced phosphorylation of @entity10175 , @entity584 , @entity9459 , and @entity1366 is highly reduced. This effect is specific to insulin, as compared with @entity442 , stimulation and appears to be due to an inducible interaction between @entity8950 and the @entity8277 as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. These data demonstrate that Wnt and insulin signaling pathways exhibit cross-talk at multiple levels. Wnt induces phosphorylation of @entity584 , @entity1366 , and @entity9459 , and this is dependent on insulin/ @entity442 receptors. Insulin signaling also involves the Wnt co-receptor @entity8950 , which has a positive effect on insulin signaling. Thus, altered Wnt and @entity8950 activity can serve as modifiers of insulin action and insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of @entity6 and @entity209 .

2097912

2097913

2097914

Transient postictal MRI changes in @entity1 with XXXX may mimic disease progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Transient @entity854 in @entity1 with non- @entity5 -related @entity410 are well documented and include fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2 hyperintensity and parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. In contrast, transient @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity5 -related @entity410 have been poorly described. Fifty percent of @entity1 with @entity1313 have a @entity410 during the course of their illness and are often imaged after a @entity410 or after a change in @entity410 character or frequency. Interval changes on repeat imaging can mimic disease progression or other pathologic processes. METHODS: We describe 3 @entity1 with @entity1313 and transient postictal MRI changes that mimicked disease progression and @entity281 . RESULTS: Our @entity1 demonstrated fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2 hyperintensity and @entity2287 enhancement on MRI studies performed shortly after ictal events. These changes were suspicious for @entity5 progression in 2 cases and for recurrent @entity281 in the third. Control of @entity410 activity resulted in resolution of these changes on scans obtained 10 to 21 days later. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging shortly after an ictal event can potentially mislead the clinician to interpret changes as @entity5 or pathologic progression. Unnecessary intervention in these @entity1 with new and suspicious imaging findings should be avoided. We recommend repeat imaging be performed in @entity1 with @entity1313 and @entity410 several weeks after @entity410 control if clinically feasible. Further research is needed to delineate the time course of @entity410 -induced MRI changes.

2097915

2097916

2097917

Transient postictal MRI changes in XXXX with @entity1313 may mimic disease progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Transient @entity854 in @entity1 with non- @entity5 -related @entity410 are well documented and include fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2 hyperintensity and parenchymal and meningeal contrast enhancement. In contrast, transient @entity854 in @entity1 with @entity5 -related @entity410 have been poorly described. Fifty percent of @entity1 with @entity1313 have a @entity410 during the course of their illness and are often imaged after a @entity410 or after a change in @entity410 character or frequency. Interval changes on repeat imaging can mimic disease progression or other pathologic processes. METHODS: We describe 3 @entity1 with @entity1313 and transient postictal MRI changes that mimicked disease progression and @entity281 . RESULTS: Our @entity1 demonstrated fluid-attenuated inversion recovery/T2 hyperintensity and @entity2287 enhancement on MRI studies performed shortly after ictal events. These changes were suspicious for @entity5 progression in 2 cases and for recurrent @entity281 in the third. Control of @entity410 activity resulted in resolution of these changes on scans obtained 10 to 21 days later. CONCLUSIONS: Imaging shortly after an ictal event can potentially mislead the clinician to interpret changes as @entity5 or pathologic progression. Unnecessary intervention in these @entity1 with new and suspicious imaging findings should be avoided. We recommend repeat imaging be performed in @entity1 with @entity1313 and @entity410 several weeks after @entity410 control if clinically feasible. Further research is needed to delineate the time course of @entity410 -induced MRI changes.

2097918

2097919

2097920

Glycemic control in XXXX in three Danish counties.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is a proxy measure for glycemic control in @entity6 . We investigated the trend for glycemic control in @entity1 from three Danish counties using HbA1c measurements. METHODS: We studied 2454 @entity1 from a population of 807,000 inhabitants for whom routine monitoring of @entity6 using HbA1c-DCCT aligned was initiated in 2001. We estimated the incidence of monitored @entity1 in the population. The progress in @entity1 with originally @entity6 HbA1c levels was investigated by cumulative probability plots, and the individual trend in clinical outcome was investigated by a modified difference plot. RESULTS: The age-standardized incidence of monitored @entity1 was <0.5% in all regions. @entity1 with @entity6 first HbA1c concentrations (>or=6.62% HbA1c) showed on average 15% improved glycemic control in the first year. Further improvement was limited. The overall percentage above the treatment target (>or=6.62% HbA1c) was 51% in 2003 compared to 59% in 2001, and the percentage with poor glycemic control (>or=10.0% HbA1c) was reduced from 19% to 4%. Of @entity1 with originally @entity6 HbA1c levels, 15% showed progress in glycemic control, and 28% reached treatment targets. In @entity1 with originally normal HbA1c, 75% showed an upward trend in HbA1c levels, which reached @entity6 concentrations in 17%. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity6 first HbA1c concentrations (>or=6.62% HbA1c) showed on average 15% improved glycemic control in the first year. Further improvement was limited. In individual @entity1 , 75% with originally @entity6 @entity4051 c levels showed improved glycemic control after 3 years, while 78% with originally normal concentrations showed an upward trend in HbA1c levels.

2097921

2097922

2097923

'Jumping to conclusions' bias in functional XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1 with functional @entity16 often report adverse physical events close to the onset of functional symptoms. However, the mechanism via which a triggering event may set off a functional condition is lacking. One possibility is that @entity1 make abnormal inferences about novel information provided by physical triggering events. In this study, the authors aimed to specifically investigate whether @entity1 with functional @entity717 have abnormalities in probabilistic reasoning. METHODS: The authors used a well-studied probabilistic reasoning paradigm, 'the bead task', in 18 @entity1 with functional @entity717 and 18 healthy agematched controls. The authors assessed the number of beads that @entity1 needed to reach a decision and changes in the certainty of their decisions when confronted with confirmatory or contradictory evidence. FINDINGS: @entity1 with functional @entity717 requested on average significantly fewer beads before reaching a decision than controls (3 vs 6 beads). When confronted with potentially disconfirmatory evidence, @entity1 showed a significantly greater reduction in confidence in their estimates than controls. 40% of @entity1 reached a decision after one or two beads whereas no controls showed this bias. INTERPRETATION: @entity1 with functional @entity717 requested less information to form a decision and were more likely to change their probability estimates in the direction suggested by the new evidence. These findings may have relevance to the manner with which @entity1 with functional @entity16 process novel sensory data occurring during physical triggering events commonly reported at onset of symptoms.

2097924

2097925

2097926

The effect of adding an XXXX bone matrix protein lyophilisate on fixation and osseointegration of HA-coated Ti implants.

multiple_choice

Joint replacements should be firmly anchored in vital bone to avoid early implant subsidence and late @entity1349 . We investigated whether the fixation of orthopedic implants could be improved by adding an osteoinductive extract of lyophilized @entity1641 bone matrix proteins (Colloss E, Ossacur AG, Germany), between the implant and the surrounding bone. Eighteen uncemented HA-coated implants were inserted pairwise in the proximal tibia of nine @entity235 . All implants were surrounded by a 2 mm concentric defect. In each @entity235 , the intervention implant was added 20 mg protein lyophilisate. The contralateral control implant was inserted untreated. After four weeks, the treated HA-coated implants had better mechanical fixation than the untreated control implants. The treated implants were better osseointegrated, there was more newly formed bone around these implants, and fibrous tissue was eliminated. The mechanical implant fixation had a strong positive correlation to new bone formation on and around the implant, and a strong negative correlation to fibrous tissue encapsulation. The results suggest that bone protein extracts such as the Colloss E device may augment early implant fixation of even HA-coated Ti implants and thereby reduce the risk of long-term failure. This may be particularly useful in revision arthroplasty with @entity604 .

2097927

2097928

2097929

The severity of XXXX in the United States, April - July 2009: NOTE THE BODY OF THIS KNOL IS IN THE PROCESS OF REVISION AND WILL SOON MATCH THE ABSTRACT. AT PRESENT IT IS A HYBRID OF THE OLD AND REVISED VERSIONS.

multiple_choice

This knol is in the midst of revision. Please do not read until this notice has been removedBackgroundAccurate measures of the severity of pandemic @entity683 (pH1N1) are needed to assess the likely impact of an anticipated resurgence in the autumn in the Northern Hemisphere. Severity has been difficult to measure because jurisdictions with large numbers of @entity204 and other severe outcomes have had too many cases to assess the total number with confidence. Also, detection of severe cases may be more likely. Methods and FindingsWe used complementary data from two US cities: Milwaukee attempted to identify cases of medically attended @entity281 whether or not they required hospitalization, while New York City focused on the identification of hospitalizations, intensive care admission or mechanical ventilation (hereafter, ICU), and @entity204 . New York data were used to estimate numerators for ICU and @entity204 , and two sources of data: medically attended cases in Milwaukee or self-reported @entity683 in New York, were used to estimate ratios of symptomatic cases:hospitalizations. Combining these data with estimates of the fraction detected for each level of severity, we estimated the proportion of symptomatic cases that died (symptomatic case-fatality ratio, @entity2467 ), required ICU (sCIR), and required hospitalization (sCHR), overall and by age category. Evidence, prior information and associated uncertainty were analyzed in a Bayesian evidence synthesis framework. Using medically attended cases and estimates of the proportion of symptomatic cases medically attended, we estimated @entity2467 of 0.048% (95% credible interval, CI 0.026%-0.096%), sCIR of 0.239% (0.134%-0.458%), and sCHR of 1.44% (0.83%-2.64%). Using self-reported ILI, we obtained estimates approximately7-9x lower. @entity2467 and sCIR appear to be highest in @entity1 18 and older, and lowest in @entity1 5-17. sCHR appears to be lowest in @entity1 5-17; our data were too sparse to allow us to determine the group in which it was highest.ConclusionsThese estimates suggest that an autumn-winter pandemic wave of pH1N1 with comparable severity per case could lead to a number of @entity204 in the range from considerably below that associated with seasonal influenza to slightly higher, but with greatest impact in young @entity1 and non-elderly adults. These estimates of impact depend on assumptions about total incidence of @entity281 in the autumn-winter. Impacts would larger if autumn-winter incidence of symptomatic @entity281 were higher or shifted toward adults, if viral virulence increased, or if suboptimal treatment resulted from stress on the health care system; numbers would decrease if the proportion infected or symptomatic were lower.

2097930

2097931

2097932

Cardiovascular health knowledge and behavior in XXXX attendants at four tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan--a cause for concern.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Knowledge about @entity301 ( @entity301 ) and its risk factors is an important pre-requisite for an individual to implement behavioral changes leading towards @entity301 prevention. There is scant data on the status of knowledge about @entity301 in the general population of Pakistan. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of @entity301 in a broad Pakistani population and identify the factors associated with knowledge. METHODS: Cross sectional study was carried out at four tertiary care hospitals in Pakistan using convenience sampling. Standard questionnaire was used to interview 792 @entity1 attendants ( @entity1 accompanying @entity1 ). Knowledge was computed as a continuous variable based on correct answers to fifteen questions. Multivariable linear regression was conducted to determine the factors independently associated with knowledge. RESULTS: The mean age was 38.1 (+/- 13) years. 27.1% had received no formal education. The median knowledge score was 3.0 out of a possible maximum of 15. Only 14% were able to correctly describe @entity301 as a condition involving limitation in blood flow to the heart. Majority of respondents could identify only up to two risk factors for @entity301 . Most commonly identified risk factors were stress (43.4%), dietary fat (39.1%), smoking (31.9%) and lack of exercise (17.4%). About 20% were not able to identify even a single risk factor for @entity301 . Factors significantly associated with knowledge included age (p = 0.023), income (p < 0.001), education level (p < 0.001), residence (p < 0.001), a family history of @entity301 (p < 0.001) and a past history of @entity6 (p = 0.004). Preventive practices were significantly lacking; 35%, 65.3% and 84.6% had never undergone assessment of blood pressure, @entity413 or @entity165 respectively. Only a minority felt that they would modify their diet, stop smoking or start exercising if a family member was to develop @entity301 . CONCLUSION: This is the first study assessing the state of @entity301 knowledge in a relatively diverse non- @entity1 population in Pakistan. There are striking gaps in knowledge about @entity301 , its risk factors and symptoms. These translate to inadequate preventive behavior patterns. Educational programs are urgently required to improve the level of understanding of @entity301 in the Pakistani population.

2097933

2097934

2097935

Operative complications and early mortality after induction therapy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Induction therapy for @entity2 allows improvement of completeness of resection and survival. However, predictive risk factors for @entity260 and early mortality remain controversial. We report our 14-year experience with this combined approach. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-nine @entity1 (100 males and 39 females) underwent induction therapy and surgery for stage IIIA and @entity2 . The mean age was 58.4+/-7.7 years. We retrospectively collected demographic data, preoperative functional parameters, type of operation, associated disorders, @entity5 , induction regimen (chemotherapy alone or associated with radiotherapy). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of @entity260 and early mortality. RESULTS: One hundred and nine @entity1 received chemotherapy (mainly based on @entity900 and @entity136 ) and 30 received chemoradiotherapy (median dose 50Gy). Complications developed in 49 @entity1 (35%). The most frequent was persistent air leakage (23-30% of the lobectomies), followed by @entity299 , @entity1576 , and @entity281 . Five @entity1 (3.5%) died in the postoperative period and four of them had received pneumonectomy (mortality for pneumonectomy: 12.5%). The statistical analysis demonstrated that only pneumonectomy was associated with an increased mortality risk with no differences between intra- and extrapericardial dissection or right and left pneumonectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Induction therapy seems to be associated with an increased incidence of air leakage; the risk of other complications is acceptable. Pneumonectomy is associated with an increased risk of mortality and should be performed in selected @entity1 .

2097936

2097937

2097938

Effect of omapatrilat on the aging process of the normal XXXX .

multiple_choice

Previous results have shown that inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) either with an angiotensin II ( @entity1808 ), type 1 receptor blocker ( @entity9886 ) or with an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI, @entity4688 ) has a protective effect on cardiovascular, renal, hepatic and cerebral structure and function during aging. The present study has analyzed the effect of chronic administration of a newly developed compound, omapatrilat, on clinical, histological and biochemical changes due to aging. Omapatrilat combines the action of an ACEI and of an inhibitor of a neutral endopeptidase involved in the metabolism of the atrial natriuretic peptide. The final effect is a decrease of a vasoconstrictor and proinflammatory mechanism like the RAS and the potentiation of two vasodilating compounds like @entity1812 and the atrial natriuretic peptide. Based on these actions, its protective effect might be greater than formerly used pharmacological agents. Determinations have been performed on young adults (6 months old), adults (12 months old) or senile (18 months old) @entity35 . Omapatrilat (35 mg/kg/day during 6 months and 20 mg/kg/day thereafter) was administered in the drinking water since weaning until sacrifice. Cardiovascular, renal, and cerebral structure as well as cognitive behavior, cardiovascular and renal function has been analyzed. The biochemical analysis has also established whether the beneficial action of @entity1808 inhibition is related to an increased activity of the @entity842 synthase as observed in previous studies. Moreover, this study has tried to determine the relationship between the protective effect of these drugs and the levels of antioxidant defenses present in the blood and/or in the tissues. Hence, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants have been evaluated.

2097939

2097940

2097941

Peanuts can contribute to anaphylactic XXXX by activating complement.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity16244 is the most common food-related cause of lethal anaphylaxis and, unlike other @entity5419 , typically persists into adulthood. Resistance to digestion and dendritic cell activation by the major peanut allergen Ara h 1 are reported to contribute to its allergenicity. OBJECTIVE: We sought to evaluate whether peanut molecules might also promote anaphylaxis through an innate immune mechanism. METHODS: Naive @entity19 were treated with a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist and long-acting @entity58 to increase sensitivity to vasoactive mediators and injected with @entity16244 ( @entity16244 ). Shock was detected and quantified by means of rectal thermometry. Gene-deficient @entity19 and specific antagonists were used to determine the roles of specific cell types, complement, Fc receptors, and vasoactive mediators in @entity1457 pathogenesis. RESULTS: @entity16244 induces dose-dependent @entity1457 . @entity16244 activates complement in vivo in @entity19 and in vitro in @entity19 and @entity1 subjects. C3a and, to a lesser extent, stimulatory immunoglobulin receptors contribute to @entity16244 -induced @entity1457 . @entity16244 -induced @entity1457 depends more on macrophages and basophils than on mast cells. Platelet-activating factor and, to a lesser extent, @entity112 contribute to @entity16244 -induced @entity1457 . @entity16244 induces @entity1457 in the absence of the adaptive immune system. @entity558 contamination is not responsible for @entity16244 -induced @entity1457 . @entity16244 and IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation synergistically induce @entity1457 . Tree nuts have similar effects to @entity16244 , and skim milk and egg white do not. CONCLUSION: Peanuts can contribute to @entity1457 by causing production of C3a, which stimulates macrophages, basophils, and mast cells to produce platelet-activating factor and @entity112 .

2097942

2097943

2097944

Sequential emergence of multiple adenovirus serotypes after pediatric XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity9504 after allogeneic @entity8 ( @entity8 ), particularly in @entity1 , may be severe and protracted. Up to 51 different serotypes of adenovirus are presently recognized but serotyping is usually limited to initial viral isolates. OBJECTIVES: A systematic and sustained analysis of adenovirus serotypes in a cohort of @entity9504 pediatric @entity8 recipients, correlated to transplant-associated variables. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-three consecutive pediatric @entity8 recipients were studied by culture of feces and adenoviruses isolated were serotyped by neutralization. Upon persistent viral excretion, serotyping was repeated for at least two isolates of any @entity166 episode, including initial and final isolates, and @entity1 with single and multiple serotypes were compared. In a subset of cases, serotyping of fecal isolates was compared to genotypic analysis. RESULTS: In 33 @entity1 , adenovirus was isolated at least once after @entity8 . Serotyping uncovered 49 different adenoviruses, including three isolates without an assigned serotype. In 16 @entity1 , a single serotype was present for a sustained period, whereas 12 @entity1 (36%) showed multiple serotypes. Comparison of these groups demonstrated more frequent non-malignant @entity66 with @entity281 (p<0.01), but otherwise no significant differences were observed, although @entity281 had a lower survival rate. Remarkably, serotype 31 appeared initially in 7 out of 12 @entity1 with @entity281 . Genotyping by sequencing confirmed neutralization assays at least at the species level in 14 of 18 isolates. CONCLUSION: In 36% of @entity9504 after @entity8 more than one serotype could be detected by sequential analysis. Multiple serotypes occurred more often with non-malignant disorders. Adenovirus serotype 31 was often included. This finding is relevant for diagnostic purposes and immunotherapeutic interventions and provides insight into the pathogenesis of this problem.

2097945

2097946

2097947

Is early and late post-meal exercise so different in type 1 XXXX lispro users?

multiple_choice

To compare blood @entity413 (BG) responses during a 60 min moderate intensity exercise session performed in early or late postprandial periods. Nine generally well-controlled (HbA(1c): 7.3+/-0.1%) type 1 @entity6 @entity1 performed, at least one week apart, two exercise sessions, 60 (early exercise) and 180 min (late exercise) after a standardized breakfast. All subjects were using Humulin N (N) and Humalog (Lispro, @entity3162 ) insulin. During exercise, the overall decrease in BG was 4.8+/-0.6 mmol/l and 3.6+/-0.8 mmol/l in early and late exercise, respectively (P=0.051). To prevent @entity4053 , a @entity413 infusion was initiated when BG reached 5 mmol/l. The quantity of @entity413 infused was 6.2+/-3.0 g and 10.5+/-3.2g in early and late exercise, respectively (NS). The time free of @entity413 infusion during exercise was 41.2+/-7.8 min and 31.7+/-7.5 min in early and late exercise, respectively (NS). In N- @entity3162 users, overall drop in BG during exercise tends to be greater in the early postprandial period. However, early and late exercise present similar quantity of @entity413 infused and time free of @entity413 infusion. Consequently, the similar risk of exercise-induced @entity4053 suggests similar precautions in either exercise times.

2097948

2097949

2097950

Effect of community population size on XXXX screening, stage distribution, treatment use and outcomes.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Residents of rural communities have decreased access to @entity5 screening and treatments compared to urban residents, though use of resources and @entity1 outcomes have not been assessed with a comprehensive population-based analysis. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether @entity0 screening and treatments were utilized less frequently in rural BC and whether this translated into differences in outcomes. METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 in British Columbia (BC) during 2002 were identified from the Cancer Registry and linked to the Screening Mammography database. @entity1 demographics, pathology, stage, treatments, mammography use and death data were abstracted. @entity1 were categorized as residing in large, small and rural local health authorities (LHAs) using Canadian census information. Use of resources and outcomes were compared across these LHA size categories. We hypothesized that mastectomy rates (instead of breast-conserving surgery) would be higher in rural areas, since breast conservation is standardly accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy, which has limited availability in rural BC. In contrast we hypothesized that @entity5 screening and systemic therapy use would be similar, as they are more widely dispersed across BC. Exploratory analyses were performed to assess whether disparities in screening and treatment utilization translated into differences in survival. RESULTS: 2,869 @entity0 @entity1 were included in our study. @entity1 from rural communities presented with more @entity1442 (p=0.01). On multivariable analysis, @entity1 from rural, compared to urban, LHAs were less likely to be screening mammography attendees (OR=0.62; p<0.001). @entity1 from rural communities were less likely to undergo breast-conserving surgery (multivariable OR=0.47; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in use of chemotherapy (p=0.54) or hormonal therapy (p=0.36). The 5-year @entity0 -specific survival for large, small and rural LHAs was 90%, 88% and 86%, respectively (p=0.08), while overall survival was 84%, 81% and 77%, respectively (p=0.01). On multivariable analysis with 7.4 years of median follow-up, neither @entity0 -specific survival (HR=1.16; 0.76-1.76; p=0.49) nor overall survival (HR=1.25; 0.92-1.70; p=0.16) was significantly worse for @entity1 from rural compared to large LHAs. CONCLUSION: There was a significant difference in screening mammography use, stage distribution and loco-regional treatments use by population size of LHA. After controlling for differences in @entity1 and @entity5 factors by LHA, survival was not significantly different.

2097951

2097952

2097953

Acute XXXX : diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced cine steady-state free precession MRI sequences.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: MRI has become the primary tool for assessment of @entity296 in @entity1 with suspected @entity2401 . Optimal diagnostic performance is achieved with late @entity2287 -enhanced sequences, but cine balanced steady-state free precession (SSFP) MRI sequences are routinely used to evaluate cardiac function. Our aim was to prospectively assess the diagnostic value of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced cine SSFP MRI sequences in comparison with late @entity2287 -enhanced sequences for imaging of @entity1 with strong evidence of @entity2401 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighteen @entity1 with strong evidence of @entity2401 underwent 1.5-T cardiac MRI. Unenhanced and contrast-enhanced cine SSFP images and late @entity2287 -enhanced images were obtained. The images were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance and the Bonferroni test or paired Student t test. RESULTS: Areas of high signal intensity were detected in 28% (5/18), 94% (17/18), and 89% (16/18) of @entity1 on unenhanced cine, contrast-enhanced cine, and late @entity2287 -enhanced images. In one @entity1 , contrast-enhanced cine images revealed subepicardial areas of high signal intensity that were not visible on late @entity2287 -enhanced images. The location and transmural nature of involved segments matched on contrast-enhanced cine and late @entity2287 -enhanced images (both, r = 0.91, p < 0.0001). The contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher on contrast-enhanced cine images than on late @entity2287 -enhanced images (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced cine MRI is a valuable tool for detection of lesions of @entity2401 and should be recommended for routine clinical MRI.

2097954

2097955

2097956

Usefulness of either or both left and right bundle branch block at baseline or during follow-up for predicting XXXX in @entity1 following @entity583 .

multiple_choice

The presence or onset of @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) is associated with increased mortality in @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The risk increases with age. We assessed the prognostic power of @entity5036 patterns for predicting clinical outcomes in @entity1 after high-risk @entity583 . In the OPTIMAAL trial, the effects of @entity9886 versus @entity3371 were compared in 5,477 @entity1 with @entity712 and/or evidence of left @entity67 after MI. The association between clinical outcomes and the presence of left or right @entity5036 at randomization (median 3 days after @entity583 ) or occurring during follow-up (mean 2.7 years) was assessed using Cox regression models. At randomization, 8% of @entity1 (n = 438) showed @entity5036 patterns; 3.7% (n = 203) showed left @entity5036 and 4.3% (n = 235) showed right @entity5036 patterns. In @entity1 with left @entity5036 , there was an increased risk of all-cause @entity204 and @entity65 . In @entity1 with right @entity5036 , there was increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . During follow-up, another 4.9% (n = 272) developed @entity5036 patterns; 2.8% (n = 153) developed left @entity5036 and 2.17% (n = 119) developed right @entity5036 . Left @entity5036 was associated with increased risk for all-cause @entity204 , @entity65 , and @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 , whereas right @entity5036 was related to increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . In conclusion, our results confirm and quantify previous observations showing substantially increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity5036 patterns at baseline or occurring soon after @entity583 .

2097957

2097958

2097959

Usefulness of either or both left and right bundle branch block at baseline or during follow-up for predicting @entity204 in @entity1 following XXXX .

multiple_choice

The presence or onset of @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) is associated with increased mortality in @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The risk increases with age. We assessed the prognostic power of @entity5036 patterns for predicting clinical outcomes in @entity1 after high-risk @entity583 . In the OPTIMAAL trial, the effects of @entity9886 versus @entity3371 were compared in 5,477 @entity1 with @entity712 and/or evidence of left @entity67 after MI. The association between clinical outcomes and the presence of left or right @entity5036 at randomization (median 3 days after @entity583 ) or occurring during follow-up (mean 2.7 years) was assessed using Cox regression models. At randomization, 8% of @entity1 (n = 438) showed @entity5036 patterns; 3.7% (n = 203) showed left @entity5036 and 4.3% (n = 235) showed right @entity5036 patterns. In @entity1 with left @entity5036 , there was an increased risk of all-cause @entity204 and @entity65 . In @entity1 with right @entity5036 , there was increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . During follow-up, another 4.9% (n = 272) developed @entity5036 patterns; 2.8% (n = 153) developed left @entity5036 and 2.17% (n = 119) developed right @entity5036 . Left @entity5036 was associated with increased risk for all-cause @entity204 , @entity65 , and @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 , whereas right @entity5036 was related to increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . In conclusion, our results confirm and quantify previous observations showing substantially increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity5036 patterns at baseline or occurring soon after @entity583 .

2097960

2097961

2097962

Usefulness of either or both left and right bundle branch block at baseline or during follow-up for predicting @entity204 in XXXX following @entity583 .

multiple_choice

The presence or onset of @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) is associated with increased mortality in @entity1 after @entity583 ( @entity583 ). The risk increases with age. We assessed the prognostic power of @entity5036 patterns for predicting clinical outcomes in @entity1 after high-risk @entity583 . In the OPTIMAAL trial, the effects of @entity9886 versus @entity3371 were compared in 5,477 @entity1 with @entity712 and/or evidence of left @entity67 after MI. The association between clinical outcomes and the presence of left or right @entity5036 at randomization (median 3 days after @entity583 ) or occurring during follow-up (mean 2.7 years) was assessed using Cox regression models. At randomization, 8% of @entity1 (n = 438) showed @entity5036 patterns; 3.7% (n = 203) showed left @entity5036 and 4.3% (n = 235) showed right @entity5036 patterns. In @entity1 with left @entity5036 , there was an increased risk of all-cause @entity204 and @entity65 . In @entity1 with right @entity5036 , there was increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . During follow-up, another 4.9% (n = 272) developed @entity5036 patterns; 2.8% (n = 153) developed left @entity5036 and 2.17% (n = 119) developed right @entity5036 . Left @entity5036 was associated with increased risk for all-cause @entity204 , @entity65 , and @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 , whereas right @entity5036 was related to increased risk of @entity1164 /resuscitated @entity1167 . In conclusion, our results confirm and quantify previous observations showing substantially increased mortality in @entity1 with @entity5036 patterns at baseline or occurring soon after @entity583 .

2097963

2097964

2097965

Effects of chronic XXXX in vivo on the expression of @entity1 placental @entity413 transporters.

multiple_choice

Birth weight is reduced and the risk of @entity1468 is increased in @entity1 high altitude pregnancies. There has been little work to determine whether @entity519 acts directly to reduce fetal growth (e.g. reduced blood flow and @entity26 delivery), or via changes in functional capacities such as nutrient transport. We therefore investigated the expression of a primary nutrient transporter, the @entity1365 @entity413 transporter and two in vitro markers of @entity519 ( @entity1307 receptor, @entity5859 , and @entity69 receptor, @entity8282 ) in the syncytial microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane fractions (BMF) of 13 high (3100 m) and 12 low (1600 m) altitude placentas from normal term pregnancies. Birth weight was lower at 3100 m than at 1600 m despite similar gestational age, but none of the @entity1 were clinically designated as fetal growth restriction. @entity5859 , @entity8282 and @entity1365 were examined by immunoblotting and maternal circulating @entity1307 and @entity69 by ELISA. @entity5859 was greater on the MVM (+75%) and BMF (+25%) at 3100 m. @entity8282 was 32% lower on the MVM at 3100 m. @entity1365 was 40% lower in the BMF at 3100 m. Circulating EPO was greater at high altitude, while @entity69 was similar, and neither correlated with their membrane receptors. BMF @entity1365 was positively correlated with birth weight at high, but not low altitude. In this in vivo model of chronic @entity519 , syncytial @entity5859 increased as expected, while nutrient transporters decreased, opposite to what has been observed in vitro. Therefore, @entity519 acts to reduce fetal growth not simply by reducing @entity26 delivery, but also by decreasing the density of nutrient transporters.

2097966

2097967

2097968

Effects of chronic @entity519 in vivo on the expression of @entity1 placental XXXX transporters.

multiple_choice

Birth weight is reduced and the risk of @entity1468 is increased in @entity1 high altitude pregnancies. There has been little work to determine whether @entity519 acts directly to reduce fetal growth (e.g. reduced blood flow and @entity26 delivery), or via changes in functional capacities such as nutrient transport. We therefore investigated the expression of a primary nutrient transporter, the @entity1365 @entity413 transporter and two in vitro markers of @entity519 ( @entity1307 receptor, @entity5859 , and @entity69 receptor, @entity8282 ) in the syncytial microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane fractions (BMF) of 13 high (3100 m) and 12 low (1600 m) altitude placentas from normal term pregnancies. Birth weight was lower at 3100 m than at 1600 m despite similar gestational age, but none of the @entity1 were clinically designated as fetal growth restriction. @entity5859 , @entity8282 and @entity1365 were examined by immunoblotting and maternal circulating @entity1307 and @entity69 by ELISA. @entity5859 was greater on the MVM (+75%) and BMF (+25%) at 3100 m. @entity8282 was 32% lower on the MVM at 3100 m. @entity1365 was 40% lower in the BMF at 3100 m. Circulating EPO was greater at high altitude, while @entity69 was similar, and neither correlated with their membrane receptors. BMF @entity1365 was positively correlated with birth weight at high, but not low altitude. In this in vivo model of chronic @entity519 , syncytial @entity5859 increased as expected, while nutrient transporters decreased, opposite to what has been observed in vitro. Therefore, @entity519 acts to reduce fetal growth not simply by reducing @entity26 delivery, but also by decreasing the density of nutrient transporters.

2097969

2097970

2097971

Effects of chronic @entity519 in vivo on the expression of XXXX placental @entity413 transporters.

multiple_choice

Birth weight is reduced and the risk of @entity1468 is increased in @entity1 high altitude pregnancies. There has been little work to determine whether @entity519 acts directly to reduce fetal growth (e.g. reduced blood flow and @entity26 delivery), or via changes in functional capacities such as nutrient transport. We therefore investigated the expression of a primary nutrient transporter, the @entity1365 @entity413 transporter and two in vitro markers of @entity519 ( @entity1307 receptor, @entity5859 , and @entity69 receptor, @entity8282 ) in the syncytial microvillous (MVM) and basal membrane fractions (BMF) of 13 high (3100 m) and 12 low (1600 m) altitude placentas from normal term pregnancies. Birth weight was lower at 3100 m than at 1600 m despite similar gestational age, but none of the @entity1 were clinically designated as fetal growth restriction. @entity5859 , @entity8282 and @entity1365 were examined by immunoblotting and maternal circulating @entity1307 and @entity69 by ELISA. @entity5859 was greater on the MVM (+75%) and BMF (+25%) at 3100 m. @entity8282 was 32% lower on the MVM at 3100 m. @entity1365 was 40% lower in the BMF at 3100 m. Circulating EPO was greater at high altitude, while @entity69 was similar, and neither correlated with their membrane receptors. BMF @entity1365 was positively correlated with birth weight at high, but not low altitude. In this in vivo model of chronic @entity519 , syncytial @entity5859 increased as expected, while nutrient transporters decreased, opposite to what has been observed in vitro. Therefore, @entity519 acts to reduce fetal growth not simply by reducing @entity26 delivery, but also by decreasing the density of nutrient transporters.

2097972

2097973

2097974

The development, feasibility and acceptability of a school-based XXXX prevention programme: results from three phases of piloting.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To develop a school-based @entity28 prevention programme and evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and the planned definitive cluster randomised trial. DESIGN: This was a three stage pilot involving six schools (398 @entity1 ) in South West England, including an exploratory randomised controlled trial and qualitative interviews and focus groups with teachers, parents and @entity1 . INTERVENTION: The Healthy Lifestyle Programme uses a range of school-based activities including lessons, assemblies, parents' evenings, interactive drama workshops and goal setting to engage schools, @entity1 and their families. RESULTS: Of the 398 eligible @entity1 in the three pilot phases, only four opted out and a further three withdrew from the exploratory trial. In the exploratory trial, baseline measurements (anthropometric and behavioural) were obtained for 202/204 eligible @entity1 in four schools and both 18- and 24-month outcome measurements for 193/204 and 187/204 @entity1 , respectively. Qualitative data show that delivery of the intervention is feasible within schools and acceptable to teachers, @entity1 and families. In the exploratory trial, 18/80 @entity1 (24%) in the intervention schools and 31/122 (26%) in the control schools were overweight or @entity28 at baseline, increasing, at 18-month follow-up, to 38/119 (32%) in the control schools compared with 18/74 (24%) in the intervention schools. At 24 months the proportion of overweight and @entity28 @entity1 in the control schools remained at 32% (36/114), whereas the proportion in the intervention schools decreased slightly to 22% (16/73). CONCLUSION: The Healthy Lifestyle Programme is feasible to deliver and acceptable to schools, @entity1 and their families. We recruited, retained and obtained outcome measurements from 92% of eligible @entity1 in the exploratory trial, including measurements taken after transition to secondary school, suggesting that a definitive trial is likely to be deliverable.

2097975

2097976

2097977

@entity34 ( XXXX ) in nursing home: a case-control study.

multiple_choice

@entity34 is a method for communicating with elderly @entity1 with @entity303 . It has been applied since 2001 at the "Istituto Giovanni XXIII" in Bologna, a public trust, housing over 500 not self-sufficient elderly @entity1 . Around 75% of these subjects suffer from @entity73 , associated to @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in over 35%. To assess the effectiveness of @entity34 , we carried out a study involving 50 subjects divided in two groups, of cases and controls, made up by 27 and 23 @entity1 , respectively. In both groups neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and the Bedford Alzheimer nursing severity scale (BANSS) were used before the start and after the end of the study; the case group underwent both individual and group @entity34 . The results show a marked decrease of the average NPI symptom score in the case group (from 22.0 to 9.5) vs. a rise in the control group (from 21.7 to 24.1). Agitation, apathy, @entity146 and nighttime behaviors were the most improved NPI items among the subjects who underwent the @entity34 . In these @entity1 also the NPI distress score turned out reduced, vs. a small increase in the control group. In the case group an improvement occurred with BANSS too, even if much slighter changes were registered vs. the control group. Although the small number of subjects enlisted does not allow to draw firm inferences, the study suggests that @entity34 is able to reduce the severity and frequency of @entity146 , thus improving the relationship with and the management of @entity1 having diagnosis of @entity303 without any side effects.

2097978

2097979

2097980

XXXX ( @entity34 ) in nursing home: a case-control study.

multiple_choice

@entity34 is a method for communicating with elderly @entity1 with @entity303 . It has been applied since 2001 at the "Istituto Giovanni XXIII" in Bologna, a public trust, housing over 500 not self-sufficient elderly @entity1 . Around 75% of these subjects suffer from @entity73 , associated to @entity146 ( @entity146 ) in over 35%. To assess the effectiveness of @entity34 , we carried out a study involving 50 subjects divided in two groups, of cases and controls, made up by 27 and 23 @entity1 , respectively. In both groups neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) and the Bedford Alzheimer nursing severity scale (BANSS) were used before the start and after the end of the study; the case group underwent both individual and group @entity34 . The results show a marked decrease of the average NPI symptom score in the case group (from 22.0 to 9.5) vs. a rise in the control group (from 21.7 to 24.1). Agitation, apathy, @entity146 and nighttime behaviors were the most improved NPI items among the subjects who underwent the @entity34 . In these @entity1 also the NPI distress score turned out reduced, vs. a small increase in the control group. In the case group an improvement occurred with BANSS too, even if much slighter changes were registered vs. the control group. Although the small number of subjects enlisted does not allow to draw firm inferences, the study suggests that @entity34 is able to reduce the severity and frequency of @entity146 , thus improving the relationship with and the management of @entity1 having diagnosis of @entity303 without any side effects.

2097981

2097982

2097983

Juvenile rank can predict male-typical adult mating behavior in female @entity742 treated prenatally with XXXX .

multiple_choice

Previous research with female @entity742 indicates that exposure to excess @entity251 for 60 days (from Gestational Days 30-90 of the 147-day gestation) leads to virilized @entity4998 , severe @entity51 , as well as masculinization and defeminization of @entity146 (T60 females). In contrast, 30 days of @entity251 exposure (Gestational Days 60-90) produce animals with female-typical @entity4998 , less severe neuroendocrine alterations, and variable gender patterns of @entity146 (T30 females). Variation in adult @entity146 of male ungulates is influenced by early social experience, but this has never been tested in females. Here we investigate the influence of rank in the dominance hierarchy on the expression of adult @entity146 in females. Specifically, we hypothesized that juvenile rank would predict the amount of male- and female-typical mating behavior exhibited by adult female @entity742 . This hypothesis was tested in two treatment groups and their controls (group 1: T60 females; group 2: T30 females). Dominance hierarchies were determined by observing competition over resources. Both groups of prenatal @entity251 -treated females were higher ranking than controls (T60: P = 0.05; T30: P < 0.01). During the breeding season, both T60 and T30 females exhibited more male-typical mating behavior than did controls; however, the T30 animals also exhibited female-typical behavior. For the T60 group, prenatal treatment, not juvenile rank, best predicted male-typical sex behavior (P = 0.007), while juvenile rank better predicted male mating behavior for the T30 group (P = 0.006). Rank did not predict female mating behavior in the hormone-treated or control ewes. We conclude that the effect of prenatal @entity251 exposure on adult male-specific but not female-specific mating behavior is modulated by juvenile social experiences.

2097984

2097985

2097986

Juvenile rank can predict male-typical adult mating behavior in female XXXX treated prenatally with @entity251 .

multiple_choice

Previous research with female @entity742 indicates that exposure to excess @entity251 for 60 days (from Gestational Days 30-90 of the 147-day gestation) leads to virilized @entity4998 , severe @entity51 , as well as masculinization and defeminization of @entity146 (T60 females). In contrast, 30 days of @entity251 exposure (Gestational Days 60-90) produce animals with female-typical @entity4998 , less severe neuroendocrine alterations, and variable gender patterns of @entity146 (T30 females). Variation in adult @entity146 of male ungulates is influenced by early social experience, but this has never been tested in females. Here we investigate the influence of rank in the dominance hierarchy on the expression of adult @entity146 in females. Specifically, we hypothesized that juvenile rank would predict the amount of male- and female-typical mating behavior exhibited by adult female @entity742 . This hypothesis was tested in two treatment groups and their controls (group 1: T60 females; group 2: T30 females). Dominance hierarchies were determined by observing competition over resources. Both groups of prenatal @entity251 -treated females were higher ranking than controls (T60: P = 0.05; T30: P < 0.01). During the breeding season, both T60 and T30 females exhibited more male-typical mating behavior than did controls; however, the T30 animals also exhibited female-typical behavior. For the T60 group, prenatal treatment, not juvenile rank, best predicted male-typical sex behavior (P = 0.007), while juvenile rank better predicted male mating behavior for the T30 group (P = 0.006). Rank did not predict female mating behavior in the hormone-treated or control ewes. We conclude that the effect of prenatal @entity251 exposure on adult male-specific but not female-specific mating behavior is modulated by juvenile social experiences.

2097987

2097988

2097989

Up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin in XXXX in @entity19 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent reports suggest that the adipose tissue and adipokines are potent modulators of @entity32 . However, there is only scarce knowledge on the functional role and regulation of endogenous adiponectin in non-fat tissues such as the liver under conditions of acute @entity32 . METHODS: In the present study, we investigated adiponectin expression in healthy @entity19 liver tissue and under inflammatory conditions in vivo. RESULTS: Adiponectin mRNA was readily detectable in healthy liver tissue and further increased in ConA-mediated @entity879 . Adiponectin protein expression was mainly found in hepatic endothelial cells. In vitro adiponectin mRNA expression was detectable in several cell types, including primary hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and macrophages. @entity19 pretreated with adiponectin before ConA administration developed reduced @entity99 as shown by decreased release of transaminases and reduced hepatocellular apoptotis. Of note, @entity637 levels were not affected by adiponectin, whereas @entity1618 production was increased. Neutralisation of @entity1618 diminished the protective effect of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin expression is up-regulated in ConA-mediated @entity879 . Therefore, adiponectin might play a role in the control and limitation of @entity32 in the liver. Moreover, our data suggest a role for @entity1618 in adiponectin-mediated hepatoprotection.

2097990

2097991

2097992

Up-regulation of the anti-inflammatory adipokine adiponectin in @entity879 in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recent reports suggest that the adipose tissue and adipokines are potent modulators of @entity32 . However, there is only scarce knowledge on the functional role and regulation of endogenous adiponectin in non-fat tissues such as the liver under conditions of acute @entity32 . METHODS: In the present study, we investigated adiponectin expression in healthy @entity19 liver tissue and under inflammatory conditions in vivo. RESULTS: Adiponectin mRNA was readily detectable in healthy liver tissue and further increased in ConA-mediated @entity879 . Adiponectin protein expression was mainly found in hepatic endothelial cells. In vitro adiponectin mRNA expression was detectable in several cell types, including primary hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, stellate cells, and macrophages. @entity19 pretreated with adiponectin before ConA administration developed reduced @entity99 as shown by decreased release of transaminases and reduced hepatocellular apoptotis. Of note, @entity637 levels were not affected by adiponectin, whereas @entity1618 production was increased. Neutralisation of @entity1618 diminished the protective effect of adiponectin. CONCLUSIONS: Adiponectin expression is up-regulated in ConA-mediated @entity879 . Therefore, adiponectin might play a role in the control and limitation of @entity32 in the liver. Moreover, our data suggest a role for @entity1618 in adiponectin-mediated hepatoprotection.

2097993

2097994

2097995

Defense mechanisms and suicide risk in XXXX .

multiple_choice

Past suicide attempt has been consistently reported to be the best predictor of future suicide attempt. The need to identify predictors that can be targets of therapy is of great importance. Coping styles and defense mechanisms have now been linked to suicide in numerous reports. In this study, we expand on past research by exploring differences in defense mechanism use between three groups: 1) without current suicide ideation/attempt; 2) with current suicide ideation/no attempt; and 3) with current suicide attempt. We also explored the contribution of covariates, such as symptom severity and past attempt. Seventy-five adult @entity1 who were within 48 hours of hospital admission for current @entity308 were recruited. Clinical interview was conducted to verify diagnosis and assess symptom severity. @entity1 completed the Defense Style Questionnaire within 48 hours of admission based on their current thoughts and beliefs. Logistic regressions were used to determine the best predictors of current suicide status. Consistently, the use of more image-distorting mechanisms was the best predictor of current suicide attempt. Symptom severity and past attempt were not significant predictors after controlling for influence of defense styles. Decreased use of image-distorting mechanisms in adult @entity1 with major @entity308 should be considered as a distinct target of therapy.

2097996

2097997

2097998

Tibiofibular torsion in XXXX .

multiple_choice

Tibiofibular torsion was measured by computed tomography in three series of @entity1 affected by @entity5149 who were treated with different protocols. The normal leg of unilateral deformities served as the control. For the bilateral cases, only the right side was included in the study. The angle between the bicondylar axis of the tibia and the @entity1171 was the index of tibiofibular torsion. There were 34 clubfeet in the first series, treated with a posteromedial release, and 40 clubfeet in the second series, treated with a modified Ponseti method, whereas the third series included 16 clubfeet, treated with the original Ponseti method. All 90 clubfeet were graded at birth as group 3 according to the Manes classification. No @entity1 had previous treatment. The @entity1 of the first and the second series were followed up to maturity, whereas the @entity1 of the third series were followed up to a maximum of 11 years of age. In the @entity5149 , the tibia and the fibula were externally rotated, in comparison with the normal leg; in fact, the average value of the angle of tibiofibular torsion was 32.2 in the first series, 23.9 in the second series, and 21.1 in the third series. In the normal tibiae, the average value of the angle of tibiofibular torsion was 21.4 . The difference between the first series and the normal controls was statistically significant, as was the difference between the first one and the other two series. The value of the tibiofibular torsion angle seems to be related to the manipulation technique used to treat clubfoot: when the manipulation does not allow a progressive eversion of the talus underneath the calcaneus, the external tibial torsion increases. At follow-up, an intoeing gait was present in seven treated clubfeet of the first series. In all of them except one, the highest value of the external tibial torsion angle was observed, with a low value of the Kite's angle and/or residual forefoot adduction. In the treated @entity5149 , persistent intoeing is not related to the angle of tibial torsion but rather to the amount of correction of calcaneal inversion and residual forefoot adduction.

2097999

2098000

2098001

XXXX monomeric G-proteins, markers of early and late events in cell differentiation.

multiple_choice

In @entity6739 , septum formation is intricately controlled by proteins which constitute the @entity1613 ( @entity1613 ) signalling cascade. The @entity1613 ensures the coordination between mitotic exit and cytokinesis. @entity375 @entity68010 is a core component of the @entity1613 pathway and we have previously characterized the two orthologs of this G-protein in @entity958 (named @entity68011 ). In this work, the cell and tissue expression of AtSGP genes during plant development has been analysed using AtSGP promoter::GUS fusions in stably transformed A. thaliana lines. @entity68012 promoter activity was restricted to the quiescent centre, collumella cells, stomata guard cells and the stele while @entity68013 promoter activity was detected in atrichoblasts, trichomes and pollen. The observed promoter activities are in accordance with publicly available pollen, stomata guard cell and root transcriptome data. Two-hybrid experiments previously evidenced an interaction between AtMAP3Kepsilon1 and @entity68012 . The AtMAP3Kepsilon1 promoter activity was detected in root apices, trichomes and ovule integuments. A genetic approach involving both markers of these specialized cells and mutant backgrounds was used to reinforce our hypothesis. It appears that, although highly conserved between plants and fungi, the @entity68010 G-protein has evolved in plants to perform a function different from the @entity1613 pathway. Interestingly, cells expressing AtSGPs possessed limited or null mitotic activity. Our data suggests that AtSGP are crucial signalling components involved either in early cell fate specification, or in the final steps of cell differentiation. This is an interesting starting point for a wider study devoted to functional experiments designed to test these hypotheses.

2098002

2098003

2098004

Two-site phacotrabeculectomy versus bimanual microincision XXXX surgery combined with trabeculectomy.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To compare the results of two-site phacotrabeculectomy with microincision @entity231 surgery (MICS) and trabeculectomy. METHODS: Fifty-eight eyes with coexisting @entity231 and @entity726 were randomly assigned to have a trabeculectomy in a superior quadrant combined with phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation through temporal clear corneal incision (two-site phacotrabeculectomy group), or a trabeculectomy in a superior quadrant combined with MICS followed by IOL implantation from the trabeculectomy incision (MICS + trabeculectomy group). The main outcome measures were preoperative and @entity2790 (IOP), number of @entity726 medications, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and complications. Follow-up was period was 12 months. RESULTS: Twenty-eight two-site phacotrabeculectomies and 30 MICS + trabeculectomies were performed. Mean age of the subjects was 67.4 years. Mean preoperative IOP was 24.6+/-5.7 mmHg in the two-site phacotrabeculectomy group and 23.7+/-5.5 mmHg in the MICS + trabeculectomy group (p=0.52). At 12 months postoperatively mean IOP was 14.5+/-3.0 and 14.3+/-3.4 mmHg in two-site phacotrabeculectomy and MICS + trabeculectomy groups, respectively (p=0.8). Preoperative and @entity86 medication numbers were similar and mean number of @entity726 medications decreased in both groups after the surgery (p<0.05). BCVA improved in both groups. Twenty-six of 28 eyes (92%) in the two-site + trabeculectomy group and 27 of 30 (90%) in the MICS + trabeculectomy group had clinically apparent filtering blebs at 12 months (p=0.71). @entity260 were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: MICS + trabeculectomy provided 1 year IOP control comparable to that with two-site phacotrabeculectomy with similar amount of complications and similar final BCVA.

2098005

2098006

2098007

Acute reduction in ankle/brachial index following smoking in chronic smokers with peripheral XXXX .

multiple_choice

The ankle-brachial systolic pressure index (ABI), a noninvasive measure of peripheral @entity432 (PAOD) severity, is considered a marker of @entity731 and an independent predictor of mortality. However, it is not known whether factors other than PAOD severity, such as cigarette smoking, have an effect on ABI measurement. Therefore, the authors examined the acute effects of cigarette smoking on ABI and the peripheral circulation in 10 older (63 +/- 10 years) chronic smokers (39 +/- 37 pack-years) with PAOD (ABI=0.64 +/- 0.14). The @entity1 were instructed to refrain from smoking and from consuming @entity5834 -containing beverages for at least 12 hours before the tests. The @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 days of testing consisting of a nonsmoking and a smoking day. Resting heart rate, blood pressure, ABI, and @entity291 blood flow by plethysmography were obtained on both testing days. The smoking day consisted of smoking two filter cigarettes over a period of 10 minutes before the measurement of ABI and @entity291 blood flow. The ABI on the smoking day (0.55 +/- 0.11) was lower (p=0.008) than on the nonsmoking day (0.64 +/- 0.14) owing to a lower (p=0.020) ankle systolic blood pressure (81 +/- 28 vs 93 +/- 28 mmHg). @entity551 , heart rate, and @entity291 blood flow were not altered by smoking (p>0.05). These results demonstrate that the acute effect of cigarette smoking lowers the ABI in chronic smokers with @entity613 , thereby yielding evidence of a transient deleterious effect of cigarette smoking on the peripheral circulation in chronic smokers.

2098008

2098009

2098010

Spiral CT of XXXX : evaluation of pleuroparenchymal abnormalities.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The goal of this work was to identify and categorize the spectrum of pulmonary parenchymal and @entity456 identified by CT in @entity1 with @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ). METHOD: A review of interpretations from 4,715 consecutive contrast-enhanced thoracic CT studies identified 41 examinations in which the diagnosis of @entity1151 was reported. Thirty-four studies were available for review, and two radiologists confirmed intraluminal defects in 31 @entity1 . The number of emboli were counted and localized using bronchopulmonary nomenclature. Associated parenchymal and @entity456 were tabulated. RESULTS: Of the 31 @entity1 , 13 underwent confirmatory or correlative studies including angiography, radionuclide study, or autopsy. In addition, @entity1150 was confirmed by ultrasound or MRI in 13 @entity1 . An average of 7.5 emboli per @entity1 was detected. Pleuroparenchymal findings were as follows: Nine @entity1 (29%) had no acute pulmonary parenchymal or @entity456 . In the remaining 22 @entity1 , @entity1143 was the most common abnormality, found in 14 of 31 (45%). Ten @entity1 (32%) had peripheral wedge-shaped parenchymal opacities suggestive of @entity8995 . Normally enhancing lobar @entity891 was seen in nine @entity1 (29%). Six @entity1 (19%) demonstrated heterogeneous parenchymal enhancement within nonaerated lung, two of whom had pathologically proven @entity8995 . Thirteen of 31 @entity1 underwent high resolution CT; a typical mosaic perfusion pattern was seen in only 1 @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 with acute @entity1151 had no acute lung parenchymal abnormality on CT; thus, the absence of parenchymal abnormality on CT does not exclude @entity1151 . High resolution CT mosaic perfusion was not a common feature of @entity1151 . Regions of decreased enhancement within nonaerated lung, seen in 19%, may prove to be an indicator of @entity8995 ; however, this is a nonspecific finding.

2098011

2098012

2098013

XXXX : a rare but devastating metastatic bacterial complication of hemodialysis catheter-related sepsis.

multiple_choice

There are many infectious complications related to vascular access in @entity1 undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. We report two cases of @entity3225 as a metastatic infection associated with a tunneled catheter and a temporary dual lumen catheter. Both @entity1 were @entity6 . A 61-year-old female on maintenance hemodialysis by a jugular tunnelized catheter during the past year was receiving parenteral antibiotics for catheter salvage due to @entity221 episodes in the last 3 months. She was admitted to the hospital presenting @entity158 , @entity5768 , @entity3169 , corneal infiltrate, and visual acuity of no light perception (NLP). A 51-year-old male recently undergoing hemodialysis by a temporary dual lumen catheter presented @entity221 . His catheter was removed, but he was admitted to the hospital presenting @entity221 , @entity227 , @entity4 , and @entity158 in his left eye. On examination, eyelid @entity4 , @entity3169 , purulent secretion, hypopyon in the pupils, and visual acuity of NLP were verified. A diagnosis of @entity3225 was made in both @entity1 on clinical grounds and computed tomography. Evisceration of the left eye was the first option of treatment for both @entity1 due to poor vision. Cultures of the eviscerated ocular globes showed @entity5939 and @entity794 , respectively. After evisceration, both @entity1 received treatment, had a good outcome, and were discharged to continue their hemodialysis program. Metastatic @entity3225 is a rare complication of dialysis catheter-related @entity2259 . When suspected, urgent ophthalmologic evaluation and treatment are needed to reduce the risk of losing vision in the affected eye.

2098014

2098015

2098016

Brief intervention in XXXX -positive traffic casualties: is it worth the effort?

multiple_choice

AIMS: This study aimed at testing the effectiveness of a brief motivational intervention (BI) compared with a @entity1987 ( @entity1987 ) for reducing @entity167 consumption in adult, @entity167 -positive traffic casualties. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited at the emergency room of a @entity130 hospital and screened for @entity167 by a qualitative saliva test (positive from a blood @entity167 concentration of 0.02 g/l). Positive @entity1 (13.3%) who accepted entering the study were randomly allocated into BI and @entity1987 . Baseline assessment was the same for all @entity1 . Blind telephone follow-ups were performed at months 3, 6, and 12, and results were analysed by protocol and by intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: After 1 year of follow-up, 67% of the @entity1 had reduced their consumption, the percentage of heavy drinkers had dropped by 47%, and 62% of baseline AUDIT-C positive @entity1 (hazardous drinkers) had become negative. Binge drinking dropped significantly (P < 0.05). Results at month 12 were in line with the previous ones. CONCLUSIONS: The effectiveness of BI compared with @entity1987 has not been verified, but a significant reduction in consumption has been observed in the whole sample, without significant differences by type of intervention. The persistence and dimension of changes suggest a real effect of both interventions, although the lack of a pure control group does not allow definitive conclusions. Traffic casualties are in a teachable moments to benefit from easy and cheap interventions.

2098017

2098018

2098019

Regulation of blood pressure, the epithelial XXXX channel (ENaC), and other key renal @entity1372 transporters by chronic insulin infusion in @entity35 .

multiple_choice

@entity3190 is associated with @entity101 . Dysregulation of renal distal tubule @entity1372 reabsorption may play a role. We evaluated the regulation of the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) and the @entity2740 -sensitive @entity1219 cotransporter (NCC) during chronic @entity3190 in @entity35 and correlated these changes to blood pressure as determined by radiotelemetry. Male @entity35 ( approximately 270 g) underwent one of the following three treatments for 4 wk (n = 6/group): 1) control; 2) insulin-infused plus 20% @entity413 in drinking water; or 3) @entity413 water-drinking (20% @entity413 in water). Mean arterial pressures were increased by insulin and @entity413 (mmHg at 3 wk): 98 +/- 1 (control), 107 +/- 2 (insulin), and 109 +/- 3 ( @entity413 ), P < 0.01. Insulin (but not @entity413 ) increased natriuretic response to @entity30110 (ENaC inhibitor) and @entity918 (NCC inhibitor) on average by 125 and 60%, respectively, relative to control @entity35 , suggesting increased activity of these reabsorptive pathways. Neither insulin nor @entity413 affected the renal protein abundances of NCC or the ENaC subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) in kidney cortex, outer medulla, or inner medulla in a major way, as determined by immunoblotting. However, insulin and to some extent @entity413 increased apical localization of these subunits in cortical collecting duct principal cells, as determined by immunoperoxidase labeling. In addition, insulin decreased cortical "with no @entity376 " kinase ( @entity14359 ) abundance (by 16% relative to control), which may have increased NCC activity. Overall, insulin infusion increased blood pressure, and NCC and ENaC activity in @entity35 . Increased apical targeting of ENaC and decreased @entity14359 expression may be involved.

2098020

2098021

2098022

Regulation of blood pressure, the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC), and other key renal XXXX transporters by chronic insulin infusion in @entity35 .

multiple_choice

@entity3190 is associated with @entity101 . Dysregulation of renal distal tubule @entity1372 reabsorption may play a role. We evaluated the regulation of the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) and the @entity2740 -sensitive @entity1219 cotransporter (NCC) during chronic @entity3190 in @entity35 and correlated these changes to blood pressure as determined by radiotelemetry. Male @entity35 ( approximately 270 g) underwent one of the following three treatments for 4 wk (n = 6/group): 1) control; 2) insulin-infused plus 20% @entity413 in drinking water; or 3) @entity413 water-drinking (20% @entity413 in water). Mean arterial pressures were increased by insulin and @entity413 (mmHg at 3 wk): 98 +/- 1 (control), 107 +/- 2 (insulin), and 109 +/- 3 ( @entity413 ), P < 0.01. Insulin (but not @entity413 ) increased natriuretic response to @entity30110 (ENaC inhibitor) and @entity918 (NCC inhibitor) on average by 125 and 60%, respectively, relative to control @entity35 , suggesting increased activity of these reabsorptive pathways. Neither insulin nor @entity413 affected the renal protein abundances of NCC or the ENaC subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) in kidney cortex, outer medulla, or inner medulla in a major way, as determined by immunoblotting. However, insulin and to some extent @entity413 increased apical localization of these subunits in cortical collecting duct principal cells, as determined by immunoperoxidase labeling. In addition, insulin decreased cortical "with no @entity376 " kinase ( @entity14359 ) abundance (by 16% relative to control), which may have increased NCC activity. Overall, insulin infusion increased blood pressure, and NCC and ENaC activity in @entity35 . Increased apical targeting of ENaC and decreased @entity14359 expression may be involved.

2098023

2098024

2098025

Regulation of blood pressure, the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC), and other key renal @entity1372 transporters by chronic insulin infusion in XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity3190 is associated with @entity101 . Dysregulation of renal distal tubule @entity1372 reabsorption may play a role. We evaluated the regulation of the epithelial @entity1372 channel (ENaC) and the @entity2740 -sensitive @entity1219 cotransporter (NCC) during chronic @entity3190 in @entity35 and correlated these changes to blood pressure as determined by radiotelemetry. Male @entity35 ( approximately 270 g) underwent one of the following three treatments for 4 wk (n = 6/group): 1) control; 2) insulin-infused plus 20% @entity413 in drinking water; or 3) @entity413 water-drinking (20% @entity413 in water). Mean arterial pressures were increased by insulin and @entity413 (mmHg at 3 wk): 98 +/- 1 (control), 107 +/- 2 (insulin), and 109 +/- 3 ( @entity413 ), P < 0.01. Insulin (but not @entity413 ) increased natriuretic response to @entity30110 (ENaC inhibitor) and @entity918 (NCC inhibitor) on average by 125 and 60%, respectively, relative to control @entity35 , suggesting increased activity of these reabsorptive pathways. Neither insulin nor @entity413 affected the renal protein abundances of NCC or the ENaC subunits (alpha, beta, and gamma) in kidney cortex, outer medulla, or inner medulla in a major way, as determined by immunoblotting. However, insulin and to some extent @entity413 increased apical localization of these subunits in cortical collecting duct principal cells, as determined by immunoperoxidase labeling. In addition, insulin decreased cortical "with no @entity376 " kinase ( @entity14359 ) abundance (by 16% relative to control), which may have increased NCC activity. Overall, insulin infusion increased blood pressure, and NCC and ENaC activity in @entity35 . Increased apical targeting of ENaC and decreased @entity14359 expression may be involved.

2098026

2098027

2098028

Intravascular ultrasound imaging before and after balloon angioplasty for XXXX .

multiple_choice

Previous reports regarding @entity5642 ( @entity5642 ) imaging of the pulmonary arteries in @entity1 and its application to @entity358 are limited. This study was designed to compare findings of @entity5642 imaging and those of angiography of the pulmonary artery before and after the balloon angioplasty procedure. Thirty @entity1 had significant @entity849 and underwent balloon angioplasty. In all, of 34 branch pulmonary arteries were dilated. All @entity1 underwent both angiography and @entity5642 imaging at the time of balloon angioplasty. The mean age at balloon angioplasty was 5.7 +/- 4.0 yr. One echo-dense layer on @entity5642 was detected in 9% of the 34 stenotic vessels, and a two- or three-layered vascular wall pattern in 91%. The thickness of intima-medial layer (inner and middle layers) was greater than normal in 91% of stenotic vessels. After balloon angioplasty, intimal flaps and @entity439 were observed at 29 and 28 locations, respectively. Of these locations, the intimal flaps were detected by angiography in 44% and by @entity5642 in 100%; the @entity439 was detected by angiography in 61% and by @entity5642 in 93%. Media rupture was observed at 26 locations, and the change was detected only by @entity5642 . The present study suggests that intimal and medial changes in the pulmonary artery can be detected more precisely by @entity5642 than by angiography.

2098029

2098030

2098031

Phasic synaptic remodeling of the @entity35 arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle depends on XXXX activation.

multiple_choice

@entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) has trophic and plastic effects on neurons and glial cells and modulates neuroendocrine events by acting at the level of the hypothalamus. @entity2135 and @entity172 signaling interact to regulate in vitro hypothalamic neuronal survival and differentiation. In vivo, @entity2135 levels fluctuate in the @entity35 hypothalamic arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle in parallel with a phasic remodeling of synaptic contacts and glial cell processes. Both the fluctuation of @entity2135 levels and the synaptic and glial changes are induced by @entity172 . The possible role of @entity2135 in the regulation of arcuate nucleus synaptic plasticity has been assessed in the present study by intracerebroventricular administration to cycling female @entity35 of a specific @entity7814 antagonist. In agreement with previous findings, the number of synaptic inputs to arcuate @entity528 in control @entity35 showed a significant decrease between the morning of proestrus and the morning of estrus. This decline in synaptic inputs and the accompanying increase in @entity528 were blocked by the @entity7814 antagonist. In contrast, the @entity7814 antagonist did not affect the basal number of synapses or the morphology of synaptic terminals or length of the synaptic contacts. These findings indicate that @entity7814 activation may be involved in the phasic remodeling of arcuate nucleus synapses during the estrous cycle. Res.

2098032

2098033

2098034

Phasic synaptic remodeling of the XXXX arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle depends on @entity7814 activation.

multiple_choice

@entity2135 ( @entity2135 ) has trophic and plastic effects on neurons and glial cells and modulates neuroendocrine events by acting at the level of the hypothalamus. @entity2135 and @entity172 signaling interact to regulate in vitro hypothalamic neuronal survival and differentiation. In vivo, @entity2135 levels fluctuate in the @entity35 hypothalamic arcuate nucleus during the estrous cycle in parallel with a phasic remodeling of synaptic contacts and glial cell processes. Both the fluctuation of @entity2135 levels and the synaptic and glial changes are induced by @entity172 . The possible role of @entity2135 in the regulation of arcuate nucleus synaptic plasticity has been assessed in the present study by intracerebroventricular administration to cycling female @entity35 of a specific @entity7814 antagonist. In agreement with previous findings, the number of synaptic inputs to arcuate @entity528 in control @entity35 showed a significant decrease between the morning of proestrus and the morning of estrus. This decline in synaptic inputs and the accompanying increase in @entity528 were blocked by the @entity7814 antagonist. In contrast, the @entity7814 antagonist did not affect the basal number of synapses or the morphology of synaptic terminals or length of the synaptic contacts. These findings indicate that @entity7814 activation may be involved in the phasic remodeling of arcuate nucleus synapses during the estrous cycle. Res.

2098035

2098036

2098037

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric XXXX : Part 2, anatomic and functional assessment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction [corrected].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to retrospectively review our experience using MR urography in the diagnosis of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one studies were performed in 50 @entity1 with @entity3041 but without hydroureter. Anatomic criteria assessed included degree of @entity3041 , morphology of the renal pelvis, @entity194 of medulla, swirling contrast material, fluid levels, and the presence of fetal folds and crossing vessels. Functional criteria included renal transit time, differential renal function, and time-intensity curves when available. RESULTS: Thirty-one kidneys were classified as obstructed, 15 as equivocal, and 15 as nonobstructed. Obstructed systems had more marked @entity3041 , more extensive medullary @entity194 , more fluid levels, and more swirling contrast material. Fetal folds were seen in only the equivocal and nonobstructed groups. Crossing vessels were seen in all groups. Obstructed systems also showed greater functional derangement, decreased split renal function, and abnormal time-intensity curves. CONCLUSION: MR urography provides both excellent anatomic and functional information in @entity1 with UPJ obstruction in a single test that does not use ionizing radiation. MR urography may lead to greater understanding of the pathophysiology of UPJ obstruction.

2098038

2098039

2098040

Effects of @entity460 supplementation on XXXX and @entity174 in @entity712 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is limited knowledge about the longitudinal changes of @entity79 and how to treat @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, longitudinal trial in which 33 male @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction (EF): 30+/-11%) were assigned to 1000 mg @entity460 supplementation or no supplementation. @entity79 was measured at the @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and the femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2331 ( @entity3570 33% and FN 36%) and @entity170 ( @entity3570 15% and FN 6%) were frequently seen in these @entity1 ; 70% showed @entity8 , 42% @entity3528 , and 33% @entity6126 . Bone resorption markers were strongly elevated and correlated negatively with the EF. @entity1 without @entity460 supplementation revealed a reduction of @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.7% and FN 1.9%) within 12 months. The @entity174 incidence was 6%. @entity1 with @entity460 supplementation also demonstrated a 6% @entity174 incidence and a decrease in @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.2% and FN 1.6%), which was not significantly different from the untreated group. Loss of @entity79 at FN was only seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrate a progressive decrease in @entity79 when compared with age-matched healthy individuals. Increased bone resorption due to @entity177 with consecutive @entity3528 is a main reason for @entity79 loss in @entity712 . @entity460 supplementation alone cannot sufficiently prevent the decrease in @entity79 .

2098041

2098042

2098043

Effects of @entity460 supplementation on @entity604 and @entity174 in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is limited knowledge about the longitudinal changes of @entity79 and how to treat @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, longitudinal trial in which 33 male @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction (EF): 30+/-11%) were assigned to 1000 mg @entity460 supplementation or no supplementation. @entity79 was measured at the @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and the femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2331 ( @entity3570 33% and FN 36%) and @entity170 ( @entity3570 15% and FN 6%) were frequently seen in these @entity1 ; 70% showed @entity8 , 42% @entity3528 , and 33% @entity6126 . Bone resorption markers were strongly elevated and correlated negatively with the EF. @entity1 without @entity460 supplementation revealed a reduction of @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.7% and FN 1.9%) within 12 months. The @entity174 incidence was 6%. @entity1 with @entity460 supplementation also demonstrated a 6% @entity174 incidence and a decrease in @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.2% and FN 1.6%), which was not significantly different from the untreated group. Loss of @entity79 at FN was only seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrate a progressive decrease in @entity79 when compared with age-matched healthy individuals. Increased bone resorption due to @entity177 with consecutive @entity3528 is a main reason for @entity79 loss in @entity712 . @entity460 supplementation alone cannot sufficiently prevent the decrease in @entity79 .

2098044

2098045

2098046

Effects of @entity460 supplementation on @entity604 and XXXX in @entity712 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is limited knowledge about the longitudinal changes of @entity79 and how to treat @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, longitudinal trial in which 33 male @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction (EF): 30+/-11%) were assigned to 1000 mg @entity460 supplementation or no supplementation. @entity79 was measured at the @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and the femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2331 ( @entity3570 33% and FN 36%) and @entity170 ( @entity3570 15% and FN 6%) were frequently seen in these @entity1 ; 70% showed @entity8 , 42% @entity3528 , and 33% @entity6126 . Bone resorption markers were strongly elevated and correlated negatively with the EF. @entity1 without @entity460 supplementation revealed a reduction of @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.7% and FN 1.9%) within 12 months. The @entity174 incidence was 6%. @entity1 with @entity460 supplementation also demonstrated a 6% @entity174 incidence and a decrease in @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.2% and FN 1.6%), which was not significantly different from the untreated group. Loss of @entity79 at FN was only seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrate a progressive decrease in @entity79 when compared with age-matched healthy individuals. Increased bone resorption due to @entity177 with consecutive @entity3528 is a main reason for @entity79 loss in @entity712 . @entity460 supplementation alone cannot sufficiently prevent the decrease in @entity79 .

2098047

2098048

2098049

Effects of XXXX supplementation on @entity604 and @entity174 in @entity712 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have shown that more than 50% of @entity1 with @entity712 ( @entity712 ) have decreased @entity79 ( @entity79 ). There is limited knowledge about the longitudinal changes of @entity79 and how to treat @entity604 in @entity1 with @entity712 . METHODS: The present study was a prospective, longitudinal trial in which 33 male @entity1 with @entity712 (ejection fraction (EF): 30+/-11%) were assigned to 1000 mg @entity460 supplementation or no supplementation. @entity79 was measured at the @entity3570 ( @entity3570 ) and the femoral neck (FN) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2331 ( @entity3570 33% and FN 36%) and @entity170 ( @entity3570 15% and FN 6%) were frequently seen in these @entity1 ; 70% showed @entity8 , 42% @entity3528 , and 33% @entity6126 . Bone resorption markers were strongly elevated and correlated negatively with the EF. @entity1 without @entity460 supplementation revealed a reduction of @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.7% and FN 1.9%) within 12 months. The @entity174 incidence was 6%. @entity1 with @entity460 supplementation also demonstrated a 6% @entity174 incidence and a decrease in @entity79 ( @entity3570 1.2% and FN 1.6%), which was not significantly different from the untreated group. Loss of @entity79 at FN was only seen in @entity1 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity712 demonstrate a progressive decrease in @entity79 when compared with age-matched healthy individuals. Increased bone resorption due to @entity177 with consecutive @entity3528 is a main reason for @entity79 loss in @entity712 . @entity460 supplementation alone cannot sufficiently prevent the decrease in @entity79 .

2098050

2098051

2098052

@entity2379 in @entity1 with @entity5 : a comparison of the XXXX and pharmacokinetics of @entity2379 administered in @entity413 versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098053

2098054

2098055

XXXX in @entity1 with @entity5 : a comparison of the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of @entity2379 administered in @entity413 versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098056

2098057

2098058

@entity2379 in @entity1 with @entity5 : a comparison of the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of XXXX administered in @entity413 versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098059

2098060

2098061

@entity2379 in @entity1 with XXXX : a comparison of the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of @entity2379 administered in @entity413 versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098062

2098063

2098064

@entity2379 in @entity1 with @entity5 : a comparison of the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of @entity2379 administered in XXXX versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098065

2098066

2098067

@entity2379 in XXXX with @entity5 : a comparison of the @entity137 and pharmacokinetics of @entity2379 administered in @entity413 versus lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In a prospective, randomized clinical trial, the @entity137 of 1 mg of @entity2379 ( @entity11015 ) per kg of body weight per day infused in 5% @entity413 was compared with that of @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion in @entity1 with @entity5 . In an analysis of 82 @entity1 who received a full course of 6 days or more of @entity11015 (117 courses), it was shown that there were significant increases in plasma @entity1133 and @entity1011 concentrations and in @entity972 requirement after 6 days of therapy with both @entity11015 infused in @entity413 and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion, with there being no difference between the two methods of @entity11015 administration. An intent-to-treat comparison of the numbers of courses affected by acute @entity137 (fever, rigors) and chronic @entity137 (nephrotoxicity) also indicated that there was no significant difference between @entity11015 infused in @entity413 (78 courses) and @entity11015 infused in lipid emulsion (84 courses). The pharmacokinetics of @entity11015 were investigated in 20 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in @entity413 and 15 @entity1 who received @entity11015 in lipid emulsion. Blood samples were collected up to 24 h after administration of the first dose, and the concentration of @entity11015 in plasma was analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The clearance (CL) of @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.039 +/- 0.016 liter. h-1. kg-1) was significantly lower (P < 0.005) than the CL of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (0.062 +/- 0. 024 liter. h-1. kg-1). The steady-state volume of distribution for @entity11015 in @entity413 (0.83 +/- 0.33 liter. kg-1) was also significantly lower (P < 0.005) than that for @entity11015 in lipid emulsion (1.47 +/- 0.77 liter. kg-1). Although @entity11015 in lipid emulsion is apparently cleared faster and distributes more widely than @entity11015 in @entity413 , this study did not reveal any significant advantage with respect to safety and tolerance in the administration of @entity11015 in lipid emulsion compared to its administration in @entity413 in @entity1 with @entity5 .

2098068

2098069

2098070

XXXX : detection with dark-lumen MR colonography versus conventional colonoscopy.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare dark-lumen magnetic resonance (MR) colonography with conventional colonoscopy in the detection of @entity1127 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Local ethical committee approval and informed consent were obtained. One hundred consecutive @entity1 (56 @entity1 , 44 @entity1 ; mean age +/- standard deviation, 67.7 years +/- 14.7; range, 25-82 years) who were referred for conventional colonoscopy from January 2003 to January 2004 underwent MR colonography and conventional colonoscopy after standard precolonoscopic bowel cleansing. Colonoscopy was performed immediately after MR colonography. For MR colonography, the colon was filled with approximately 2000 mL of tap water. Imaging was performed with a 1.5-T MR unit with @entity1 in the prone position. A T1-weighted three-dimensional volumetric interpolated breath-hold sequence was performed before and 75 seconds after intravenous administration of 0.2 mmol @entity23432 per kilogram of body weight. Results of MR colonography were analyzed on a per-polyp and per- @entity1 basis. Findings at colonoscopy were used as the reference for determining accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MR colonography. RESULTS: Of 100 @entity1 recruited for study, 92 (52 @entity1 , 40 @entity1 ; mean age, 61.5 years +/- 14.5; range, 25-82 years) underwent complete MR and conventional colonoscopy examinations. Forty-three of the 92 @entity1 (47%) had normal findings at conventional colonoscopy. In the other 49 @entity1 (53%), conventional colonoscopy depicted 107 @entity1127 (82 @entity652 , 25 hyperplastic @entity1127 ) and seven carcinomas. At per-polyp analysis, sensitivity of MR colonography in the detection of @entity6523 was 100% for @entity1127 at least 10 mm in diameter and 84.2% for @entity1127 6-9 mm in diameter. At per- @entity1 analysis, the accuracy of MR colonography was 93.1% (sensitivity, 89%; specificity, 96%) if detection of @entity6523 of all sizes was considered. CONCLUSION: Dark-lumen MR colonography is a promising modality with high accuracy for detecting @entity1127 than 5 mm in diameter.

2098071

2098072

2098073

Urinary tissue factor levels in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Abnormalities in @entity2480 and fibrinolysis parameters can be detected in @entity5 @entity1 , and tissue factor (TF) is implicated. TF is produced by certain @entity5 and is increased in both @entity5 associated macrophages and blood monocytes (mTF). TF is also found in urine (uTF), and its levels may be clinically important. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a simple and highly standardized kinetic chromogenic assay (KCA), we measured uTF levels in controls (normal, n=57; @entity1 with @entity1290 , n=30), @entity1 with benign and malignant conditions of the bladder (n=75), prostate (n=106), breast (n=94), and colorectum (n=62). Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and noninflammatory categories. RESULTS: The controls and benign noninflammatory groups gave similar results and were, therefore, unified for further analysis. The malignant and inflammatory groups showed higher uTF levels than the controls (P<0.001 for bladder, P<0.01 prostate, P<0.001 breast, and P<0.001 for colorectum). The difference between malignant and benign inflammatory disease was significant for the bladder group (P<0.05). @entity5 @entity1 showed uTF activity above the upper quartile range of the normal control group--74.4% for bladder, 68.0% for prostate, 77.3% for breast and 73.0% for @entity14 . uTF levels were related to @entity5 progression, @entity1 survival time, serum @entity1486 (PSA), and static bone scan images (SBSI). Levels were also higher in @entity1 with @entity150 recurrence and those who subsequently died. CONCLUSION: uTF levels are raised in @entity32 compared to controls and @entity1 with noninflammatory conditions, and are related to @entity5 grade or stage, @entity1 survival and to markers of @entity5 progression.

2098074

2098075

2098076

XXXX structure is not a determinant of host-plant specificity in nodulation of Vicia sativa roots.

multiple_choice

@entity19766 (EPS)-deficient strains of the root nodule symbiote @entity14441 induce formation of @entity281 threads in Vicia sativa subsp. nigra roots. As a result, the nodule tissue remains uninfected. Formation of an infection thread can be restored by coinoculation of the @entity942 mutant with a Nod factor-deficient strain, which produces a similar EPS structure. This suggests that EPS contributes to host-plant specificity of nodulation. Here, a comparison was made of i) coinoculation with heterologous strains with different @entity2383 , and ii) introduction of the pRL1JI Sym plasmid or a nod gene-encoding fragment in the same heterologous strains. Most strains not complementing in coinoculation experiments were able to nodulate V. sativa roots as transconjugants. Apparently, coinoculation is a delicate approach in which differences in root colonization ability or bacterial growth rate easily affect successful infection-thread formation. Obviously, lack of infection-thread formation in coinoculation studies is not solely determined by EPS structure. Transconjugation data show that different @entity2383 can allow infection-thread formation and subsequent nodulation of V. sativa roots.

2098077

2098078

2098079

Expression levels of avrBs3-like genes affect recognition specificity in XXXX Bs4- but not in pepper Bs3-mediated perception.

multiple_choice

The @entity523 Bs4 disease resistance gene mediates recognition of avrBs4-expressing strains of the bacterial spot pathogen @entity7591 to give a hypersensitive response (HR). Here, we present the characterization of the Bs4 promoter and its application for low-level expression of bacterial type III effector proteins in planta. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that Bs4 is constitutively expressed at low levels and that transcript abundance does not change significantly upon infection with avrBs4-containing xanthomonads. A 302-bp promoter fragment was found to be sufficient to promote Bs4 gene function. Previous studies have shown that high, constitutive in planta expression of avrBs3 (AvrBs3 and AvrBs4 proteins are 96.6% identical) via the @entity3260 35S (35S) promoter triggers a Bs4-dependent HR whereas @entity7591 -mediated delivery of AvrBs3 into the plant cytoplasm does not. Here, we demonstrate that, when expressed under control of the weak Bs4 promoter, avrBs3 does not trigger a Bs4-dependent HR whereas avrBs4 does. In contrast, the pepper Bs3 gene, which mediates recognition of AvrBs3- but not AvrBs4-delivering xanthomonads, retains its recognition specificity even if avrBs4 was expressed in planta from the strong 35S promoter. Importantly, Bs4 promoter-driven expression of hax3, hax4 (two recently isolated avrBs3-like genes), avrBs3, and avrBs4 resulted in identical reactions as observed upon infection with @entity7591 strains that express the respective avr gene, suggesting that the protein levels expressed under control of the Bs4 promoter are similar to those that are translocated by the bacterial type III secretion system.

2098080

2098081

2098082

Impact of diuretic dosing on mortality in XXXX using a propensity-matched analysis.

multiple_choice

AIMS: Loop diuretics are recommended to treat congestion in @entity712 ( @entity712 ), despite limited quality evidence. @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) loop diuretics seem to worsen outcomes in chronic @entity712 , though; data for acute @entity712 are scarce, with equivocal results. METHODS AND RESULTS: The ALARM- @entity712 study recorded in-hospital @entity712 therapy in 4953 @entity1 from nine countries. A post-hoc analysis was performed to determine if there was an interaction between intravenous (iv) bolus diuretic dosing and outcomes. @entity1 were classified as receiving high- or low-dose iv @entity1483 if their total initial 24 h dose was above ( @entity2101 ) or below [low dose (LD)] 1 mg/kg. Propensity scoring, matching an extensive list of variables, was performed. @entity2101 and LD @entity1 were matched by propensity scores and outcomes determined. We identified 2460 LD and 848 @entity2101 @entity1 , with overall in-hospital mortality of 9 and 13% (P= 0.002), respectively. After propensity matching, there were 506 @entity1 in each subgroup, with the matched LD and @entity2101 cohorts having similar mortality (13 vs. 15%; P= 0.4). We further investigated in which subgroups of @entity1 @entity2101 diuretics influenced mortality. Before matching, @entity2101 diuretics were associated with a greater risk of in-hospital death in some subgroups, including @entity1 aged >80 years, those with an @entity1187 , or with a left ventricular ejection fraction <40%. However, after propensity score matching, no association was found between diuretic dosing and death in any of the studied subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: In the initial management of acute @entity712 , @entity2101 iv diuretics, per se, do not influence short-term mortality.

2098083

2098084

2098085

[ @entity1911 and XXXX : postpartum crisis and @entity715 ].

multiple_choice

@entity1911 is observed with higher frequency in @entity1 with @entity1264 . We report a 36 years old female with @entity1264 who developed mild @entity101 during the fourth month of pregnancy. A cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of pregnancy. Thereafter, the @entity1 presented severe @entity101 and @entity551 crises, @entity7129 and @entity221 . No evidences of an @entity166 were found. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a right adrenal mass of 7 x 5 cm. High levels of urinary cathecolamines confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1911 . After three weeks of @entity3159 therapy, the @entity1 was operated. During the surgical procedure, an encapsulated @entity1911 was found and excised. A right @entity8 and @entity715 were also found and a nephrectomy was done. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the @entity1 remains with normal blood pressure levels six months after the operation.

2098086

2098087

2098088

[ XXXX and @entity1264 : postpartum crisis and @entity715 ].

multiple_choice

@entity1911 is observed with higher frequency in @entity1 with @entity1264 . We report a 36 years old female with @entity1264 who developed mild @entity101 during the fourth month of pregnancy. A cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of pregnancy. Thereafter, the @entity1 presented severe @entity101 and @entity551 crises, @entity7129 and @entity221 . No evidences of an @entity166 were found. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a right adrenal mass of 7 x 5 cm. High levels of urinary cathecolamines confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1911 . After three weeks of @entity3159 therapy, the @entity1 was operated. During the surgical procedure, an encapsulated @entity1911 was found and excised. A right @entity8 and @entity715 were also found and a nephrectomy was done. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the @entity1 remains with normal blood pressure levels six months after the operation.

2098089

2098090

2098091

[ @entity1911 and @entity1264 : postpartum crisis and XXXX ].

multiple_choice

@entity1911 is observed with higher frequency in @entity1 with @entity1264 . We report a 36 years old female with @entity1264 who developed mild @entity101 during the fourth month of pregnancy. A cesarean section was performed at 37 weeks of pregnancy. Thereafter, the @entity1 presented severe @entity101 and @entity551 crises, @entity7129 and @entity221 . No evidences of an @entity166 were found. Abdominal ultrasound examination showed a right adrenal mass of 7 x 5 cm. High levels of urinary cathecolamines confirmed the diagnosis of @entity1911 . After three weeks of @entity3159 therapy, the @entity1 was operated. During the surgical procedure, an encapsulated @entity1911 was found and excised. A right @entity8 and @entity715 were also found and a nephrectomy was done. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the @entity1 remains with normal blood pressure levels six months after the operation.

2098092

2098093

2098094

Plasma @entity1243 concentrations in postmenopausal @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity170 is less common in @entity28 individuals with increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and plasma @entity1243 concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between @entity1243 levels and @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 . The study consisted of 90 postmenopausal @entity1 with a mean age of 53.45 +/- 0.87 years who visited our outpatient clinic for the evaluation of @entity79 . Thirty-six post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity170 (mean age: 54.52 +/- 1.41 years and mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 29.33 +/- 0.66), 30 age- and BMI-matched postmenopausal @entity1 with normal @entity79 , and 24 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age: 52.79 +/- 1.48 years and mean BMI: 29.45 +/- 0.89) with @entity79 were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity1243 after an overnight fast were measured by radioimmunoassay. @entity79 values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the L2-L4 lumbar spine and femoral neck. The median spine @entity79 value in the @entity1 group (0.67 +/- 0.08 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.02 +/- 0.25 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) and osteopenic group (0.87 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.005). The mean spine @entity79 value (T score -3.63 +/- 0.25, mean +/- SEM) and the mean femur neck @entity79 value (T score -2.55 +/- 0.18, mean +/- SEM) of the @entity170 group were significantly lower than that in the normal @entity79 group (+ 0.33 +/- 0.14 and + 0.27 +/- 0.18, P < 0.001) and in the @entity2331 group (-1.74 +/- 0,1 and -1.18 +/- 0.05, p < 0.005). The mean plasma @entity1243 concentration in the osteoporotic group (17.03 +/- 1.40 ng/ml) was not significantly different from that in the normal @entity79 group and the @entity2331 group (16.55 +/- 1.50 ng/ml; 16.16 +/- 1.60, respectively, p > 0.150). Plasma @entity1243 concentrations were correlated with BMI in three groups (r(s) = 0.450, p = 0.025 in normal @entity79 group and r(s) = 0.4254, P = 0.009 in the osteoporotic group, and r(s) = 395, p = 0.015 in the @entity2331 group. There was no correlation between plasma @entity1243 concentrations and @entity79 values in three groups (r(s) = -0.89 in normal @entity79 group, r(s) = -0.124 in @entity2331 group, and r(s) = -0.195 in @entity170 group). From this study we conclude that circulating plasma @entity1243 does not have a significant direct influence on bone mass in postmenopausal @entity1 .

2098095

2098096

2098097

Plasma XXXX concentrations in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity170 .

multiple_choice

@entity170 is less common in @entity28 individuals with increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and plasma @entity1243 concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between @entity1243 levels and @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 . The study consisted of 90 postmenopausal @entity1 with a mean age of 53.45 +/- 0.87 years who visited our outpatient clinic for the evaluation of @entity79 . Thirty-six post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity170 (mean age: 54.52 +/- 1.41 years and mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 29.33 +/- 0.66), 30 age- and BMI-matched postmenopausal @entity1 with normal @entity79 , and 24 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age: 52.79 +/- 1.48 years and mean BMI: 29.45 +/- 0.89) with @entity79 were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity1243 after an overnight fast were measured by radioimmunoassay. @entity79 values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the L2-L4 lumbar spine and femoral neck. The median spine @entity79 value in the @entity1 group (0.67 +/- 0.08 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.02 +/- 0.25 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) and osteopenic group (0.87 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.005). The mean spine @entity79 value (T score -3.63 +/- 0.25, mean +/- SEM) and the mean femur neck @entity79 value (T score -2.55 +/- 0.18, mean +/- SEM) of the @entity170 group were significantly lower than that in the normal @entity79 group (+ 0.33 +/- 0.14 and + 0.27 +/- 0.18, P < 0.001) and in the @entity2331 group (-1.74 +/- 0,1 and -1.18 +/- 0.05, p < 0.005). The mean plasma @entity1243 concentration in the osteoporotic group (17.03 +/- 1.40 ng/ml) was not significantly different from that in the normal @entity79 group and the @entity2331 group (16.55 +/- 1.50 ng/ml; 16.16 +/- 1.60, respectively, p > 0.150). Plasma @entity1243 concentrations were correlated with BMI in three groups (r(s) = 0.450, p = 0.025 in normal @entity79 group and r(s) = 0.4254, P = 0.009 in the osteoporotic group, and r(s) = 395, p = 0.015 in the @entity2331 group. There was no correlation between plasma @entity1243 concentrations and @entity79 values in three groups (r(s) = -0.89 in normal @entity79 group, r(s) = -0.124 in @entity2331 group, and r(s) = -0.195 in @entity170 group). From this study we conclude that circulating plasma @entity1243 does not have a significant direct influence on bone mass in postmenopausal @entity1 .

2098098

2098099

2098100

Plasma @entity1243 concentrations in postmenopausal XXXX with @entity170 .

multiple_choice

@entity170 is less common in @entity28 individuals with increased @entity79 ( @entity79 ) and plasma @entity1243 concentrations. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between @entity1243 levels and @entity79 in postmenopausal @entity1 . The study consisted of 90 postmenopausal @entity1 with a mean age of 53.45 +/- 0.87 years who visited our outpatient clinic for the evaluation of @entity79 . Thirty-six post-menopausal @entity1 with @entity170 (mean age: 54.52 +/- 1.41 years and mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) 29.33 +/- 0.66), 30 age- and BMI-matched postmenopausal @entity1 with normal @entity79 , and 24 postmenopausal @entity1 (mean age: 52.79 +/- 1.48 years and mean BMI: 29.45 +/- 0.89) with @entity79 were included in the study. Plasma concentrations of @entity1243 after an overnight fast were measured by radioimmunoassay. @entity79 values were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) at the L2-L4 lumbar spine and femoral neck. The median spine @entity79 value in the @entity1 group (0.67 +/- 0.08 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.02 +/- 0.25 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) and osteopenic group (0.87 +/- 0.05 g/cm2, mean +/- SEM) (p < 0.005). The mean spine @entity79 value (T score -3.63 +/- 0.25, mean +/- SEM) and the mean femur neck @entity79 value (T score -2.55 +/- 0.18, mean +/- SEM) of the @entity170 group were significantly lower than that in the normal @entity79 group (+ 0.33 +/- 0.14 and + 0.27 +/- 0.18, P < 0.001) and in the @entity2331 group (-1.74 +/- 0,1 and -1.18 +/- 0.05, p < 0.005). The mean plasma @entity1243 concentration in the osteoporotic group (17.03 +/- 1.40 ng/ml) was not significantly different from that in the normal @entity79 group and the @entity2331 group (16.55 +/- 1.50 ng/ml; 16.16 +/- 1.60, respectively, p > 0.150). Plasma @entity1243 concentrations were correlated with BMI in three groups (r(s) = 0.450, p = 0.025 in normal @entity79 group and r(s) = 0.4254, P = 0.009 in the osteoporotic group, and r(s) = 395, p = 0.015 in the @entity2331 group. There was no correlation between plasma @entity1243 concentrations and @entity79 values in three groups (r(s) = -0.89 in normal @entity79 group, r(s) = -0.124 in @entity2331 group, and r(s) = -0.195 in @entity170 group). From this study we conclude that circulating plasma @entity1243 does not have a significant direct influence on bone mass in postmenopausal @entity1 .

2098101

2098102

2098103

XXXX -specific treatment planning of electrochemotherapy: procedure design and possible pitfalls.

multiple_choice

Electrochemotherapy uses electroporation for enhancing chemotherapy. Electrochemotherapy can be performed using standard operating procedures with predefined electrode geometries, or using @entity1 -specific treatment planning to predict electroporation. The latter relies on realistic computer models to provide optimal results (i.e. electric field distribution as well as electrodes' position and number) and is suitable for treatment of @entity5 . Since treatment planning for @entity5 has been used in radiotherapy, we expose parallelisms with radiotherapy in order to establish the procedure for electrochemotherapy of @entity5 . We partitioned electrochemotherapy in the following phases: the mathematical model of electroporation, treatment planning, set-up verification, treatment delivery and monitoring, and response assessment. We developed a conceptual treatment planning software that incorporates mathematical models of electroporation. Preprocessing and segmentation of the @entity1 's medical images are performed, and a 3D model is constructed which allows placement of electrodes and implementation of the mathematical model of electroporation. We demonstrated the feasibility of electrochemotherapy of @entity5 treatment planning within a clinical study where treatment planning contributed to the effective electrochemotherapy treatment of deep-seated colorectal metastases in the liver. The described procedure can provide medical practitioners with information on using electrochemotherapy in the clinical setting. The main aims of this paper are: 1) to present the procedure for treating @entity5 by electrochemotherapy based on @entity1 -specific treatment planning, and 2) to identify gaps in knowledge and possible pitfalls of such procedure.

2098104

2098105

2098106

Neuroprotective peptide ADNF-9 in fetal brain of C57BL/6 @entity19 exposed prenatally to XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A derived peptide from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF-9) has been shown to be neuroprotective in the fetal @entity167 exposure model. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of ADNF-9 against @entity167 -induced apoptosis using TUNEL staining. We further characterize in this study the proteomic architecture underlying the role of ADNF-9 against @entity1068 teratogenesis during early fetal brain development using liquid chromatography in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed from embryonic days 7-13 (E7-E13) to a 25% @entity1068 -derived calorie [25% EDC, @entity167 ( @entity68014 )] diet, a 25% EDC diet simultaneously administered i.p. ADNF-9 ( @entity68014 ), or a pair-fed (PF) liquid diet. At E13, fetal brains were collected from 5 dams from each group, weighed, and frozen for LC- @entity15 / @entity15 procedure. Other fetal brains were fixed for TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Administration of ADNF-9 prevented @entity167 -induced @entity2241 weight and @entity167 -induced @entity204 . Moreover, individual fetal brains were analyzed by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . Statistical differences in the amounts of proteins between the @entity68014 and @entity68014 groups resulted in a distinct data-clustering. Significant upregulation of several important proteins involved in brain development were found in the @entity68014 group as compared to the @entity68014 group. CONCLUSION: These findings provide information on potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ADNF-9 in the fetal @entity167 exposure model.

2098107

2098108

2098109

Neuroprotective peptide ADNF-9 in fetal brain of C57BL/6 XXXX exposed prenatally to @entity167 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A derived peptide from activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF-9) has been shown to be neuroprotective in the fetal @entity167 exposure model. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of ADNF-9 against @entity167 -induced apoptosis using TUNEL staining. We further characterize in this study the proteomic architecture underlying the role of ADNF-9 against @entity1068 teratogenesis during early fetal brain development using liquid chromatography in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity15 / @entity15 ). METHODS: Pregnant C57BL/6 @entity19 were exposed from embryonic days 7-13 (E7-E13) to a 25% @entity1068 -derived calorie [25% EDC, @entity167 ( @entity68014 )] diet, a 25% EDC diet simultaneously administered i.p. ADNF-9 ( @entity68014 ), or a pair-fed (PF) liquid diet. At E13, fetal brains were collected from 5 dams from each group, weighed, and frozen for LC- @entity15 / @entity15 procedure. Other fetal brains were fixed for TUNEL staining. RESULTS: Administration of ADNF-9 prevented @entity167 -induced @entity2241 weight and @entity167 -induced @entity204 . Moreover, individual fetal brains were analyzed by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 . Statistical differences in the amounts of proteins between the @entity68014 and @entity68014 groups resulted in a distinct data-clustering. Significant upregulation of several important proteins involved in brain development were found in the @entity68014 group as compared to the @entity68014 group. CONCLUSION: These findings provide information on potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of ADNF-9 in the fetal @entity167 exposure model.

2098110

2098111

2098112

Management of cervical XXXX in Aba, south-eastern Nigeria.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: There have been relatively few reports on the outcome of cervical cerclage performed in non-tertiary centres. The aim of this study was to determine the pregnancy complications and outcome in @entity1 following cervical cerclage. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity1 who had 103 pregnancies and underwent cervical cerclage at @entity1 's Hospital, Aba over a ten-year period were reviewed. The diagnosis of cervical @entity337 was made from the history in 90.6% of cases and also in some cases by hysterosalpingography and ultrasonography. RESULTS: The Shirodkar (65%) and McDonald (35%) techniques were employed and 10.7% of cases were done as emergency procedures. The more common post-insertion complications were @entity293 (50.4%), @entity13493 of membranes (20.4%) and @entity15231 (14.6%). Common labour associated complications were antepartum @entity548 , perineal/cervical tears and malpresentations. The preterm birth rate was 32%. Term births accounted for 68% of the deliveries. The overall fetal salvage rate was 92.2%. Antepartum haemorrhge was a significant indication for caesarean section delivery. The perinatal mortality was 63.2 per 1000 and there was no maternal @entity204 . CONCLUSION: The high fetal salvage rate of 92.2% justifies the procedure of cervical cerclage.

2098113

2098114

2098115

Long-term survival and disease recurrence following portal vein embolisation prior to major hepatectomy for colorectal XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Portal vein embolisation (PVE) can be used to increase the remnant liver parenchyma volume before major hepatectomy but may stimulate @entity5 growth. The pattern of disease recurrence and long-term survival has not been adequately addressed. METHODS: Over a period of 7 years 36 @entity1 underwent preoperative PVE before resection of four or more liver segments for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) liver @entity3 . PVE was performed when the future liver remnant (FLR) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan volumetry was less than 30%. Disease-free and overall survival was compared with a control group (65 @entity1 ) undergoing extended right/right hepatectomy for @entity14 @entity3 without PVE during the same time period. RESULTS: PVE was successful in all @entity1 . PVE increased the median FLR volume by 37% [295 ml (22%) to 404 ml (32%), p < 0.0001]. 61% of @entity1 undergoing PVE proceeded to liver resection (n = 22). Twelve @entity1 (33%) developed disease progression following PVE. The 5-year survival after liver resection with PVE was 25%, compared with 50% without PVE. The 5-year disease-free survival was 30% post PVE and 50% without PVE. CONCLUSION: We conclude that PVE significantly increases the future liver remnant. Only two-thirds of @entity1 proceed to resection because of disease progression. Long-term survival is less than in @entity1 who do not require PVE. The effect of PVE on @entity5 growth requires investigation.

2098116

2098117

2098118

Primary endpoint results of the EVOLVE trial: a randomized evaluation of a novel bioabsorbable polymer-coated, XXXX -eluting coronary stent.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the safety and efficacy of 2 dose formulations of SYNERGY, a novel bioabsorbable polymer @entity2239 -eluting stent (EES) (Boston Scientific Corp., Natick, Massachusetts) compared with the durable polymer PROMUS Element EES (Boston Scientific Corp.). BACKGROUND: Durable polymer coatings on drug-eluting stents have been associated with chronic @entity32 and @entity73 . Bioabsorbable polymer-coated drug-delivery systems may reduce the risk of late adverse events, including stent @entity715 , and thus the need for prolonged dual-antiplatelet therapy. METHODS: A total of 291 @entity1 with a de novo lesion <=28 mm in length, in a coronary artery of >= 2.25 to <=3.5 mm diameter, were enrolled in the EVOLVE study, a prospective, randomized, single-blind, noninferiority trial. @entity1 were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to PROMUS Element, SYNERGY, or SYNERGY half dose. The primary clinical endpoint was the 30-day rate of @entity75 failure, defined as @entity204 or @entity583 related to the target vessel, or @entity75 revascularization. The primary angiographic endpoint was 6-month in-stent late loss measured by quantitative coronary angiography. RESULTS: The 30-day primary clinical endpoint of @entity75 failure occurred in 0%, 1.1%, and 3.1% of @entity1 in the PROMUS Element, SYNERGY, and SYNERGY half dose groups, respectively. The 6-month in-stent late loss was 0.15 0.34 mm for PROMUS Element, 0.10 0.25 mm for SYNERGY, and 0.13 0.26 mm for SYNERGY half dose (SYNERGY, difference -0.06, upper 95.2% confidence limit: 0.02, p for noninferiority <0.001; SYNERGY half dose, difference -0.03, upper 95.2% confidence limit: 0.05, p for noninferiority <0.001). Clinical event rates remained low and comparable between groups, with no stent @entity715 in any group at 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: The EVOLVE trial confirms the effective delivery of @entity2239 by a unique directional bioabsorbable polymer system utilizing the SYNERGY stent. (A Prospective Randomized Multicenter Single-Blind Noninferiority Trial to Assess the Safety and Performance of the Evolution @entity2239 -Eluting Monorail Coronary Stent System [Evolution Stent System] for the Treatment of a De Novo Atherosclerotic Lesion [EVOLVE]; NCT01135225).

2098119

2098120

2098121

[Intrapretosal XXXX of facial nerve].

multiple_choice

The aim of this study was to determine the factors that are important to the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2950 . The most common @entity5 of the peripheral nerves are the @entity808 ; about 50% of them are found in the head and neck region. Among them, the most frequent is the @entity797 nerve @entity5 , while the @entity2950 is extremely rare. @entity2950 can be intracraneal, intratemporal and extratemporal. The last one has a higher frequency. We present our experience in the @entity2950 ; usually showing different presentation symptoms wich is a characteristic of them. Retrospective study that was carried out at a private tertiary referral center. 3 @entity1 were referred from other centers for otological surgery. One of them had symptoms of @entity102 media, the second one was diagnosed of a @entity5 and the last one showed a @entity3541 . All the @entity1 were operated on and then the facial nerve was repaired. Two @entity1 had an end to end @entity254 , and in the other one we managed to keep the integrity of the facial nerve. The Hous -Brackmann facial grading scale was used. Two @entity1 had grade II and the other grade III in this scale in the long-term follow up.

2098122

2098123

2098124

Continuous wound infusion with XXXX fails to provide adequate analgesia after caesarean section.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Continuous wound infusion with local anaesthetic has been used in post-caesarean @entity158 management with conflicting results. We carried out a study comparing three groups: continuous @entity1342 wound infusion, intrathecal @entity1286 with saline wound infusion and saline wound infusion only. METHODS: Sixty-six @entity1 undergoing elective caesarean section under combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive intrathecal @entity1286 with saline wound infusion or 48 h continuous wound infusion with either @entity1342 or saline. All parturients received oral @entity7988 and intravenous @entity1288 @entity1 -controlled analgesia. Consumption of @entity1288 , visual analogue scale @entity158 scores (0-10 cm), @entity1 satisfaction, side effects and recovery parameters were recorded for 48 h in a double-blind manner. RESULTS: Continuous wound infusion with @entity1342 failed to reduce @entity1288 consumption or @entity158 scores compared with saline control. In the first 24 h intrathecal @entity1286 reduced mean @entity1288 consumption compared to the @entity1342 wound infusion group (26 mg vs. 48 mg, P=0.007) and saline wound infusion group (26 mg vs. 45 mg, P=0.021). The first 24-h mean @entity158 score was also lower in the intrathecal @entity1286 group vs. the saline wound infusion group (1.3 vs. 2.2, P=0.021). @entity158 scores were not significantly different between intrathecal @entity1286 and @entity1342 wound infusion groups. @entity111 was more common with intrathecal @entity1286 . CONCLUSION: Compared to saline control, continuous wound infusion with @entity1342 failed to reduce the use of intravenous @entity1288 @entity1 -controlled analgesia or @entity158 scores. Intrathecal @entity1286 decreased @entity1288 consumption by 46% in the first 24 h after surgery when compared to continuous @entity1342 wound infusion.

2098125

2098126

2098127

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Little data on the role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced @entity17539 are available. We describe the experiences at our institute. METHODS: A total of 20 @entity1 received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for downstaging of irresectable disease in the period from 1972 until August 2005. During this 34-yr period, five different chemotherapeutic regimens were used. We evaluated clinical @entity5 response, @entity137 , rate and type of subsequent surgery, histopathologic features, and long-term clinical outcome. RESULTS: An objective @entity5 response was achieved in 12 of 19 evaluable @entity1 . Overall 5-yr survival was 32%. A significant difference (p=0.012) in survival was found between responders (5-yr survival 56%) and nonresponders (all @entity1 died within 9 mo). Nine responders underwent subsequent surgery with curative intent. Eight of them were long-term survivors without evidence of recurrent disease. Three nonresponders were operated on to improve local control. All died within 8 mo after surgery. @entity137 of chemotherapy was high with three toxic deaths and discontinuation of treatment in one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Of 20 @entity1 with advanced @entity17539 , 12 were responsive to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 8 were long-term survivors after subsequent surgery. These results suggest that neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a valuable treatment option for @entity1 with irresectable @entity17539 , which is otherwise considered incurable. Surgery should be performed only in @entity1 showing clinical response to chemotherapy because prognosis for nonresponding @entity1 who underwent surgery was dismal and local control was not improved.

2098128

2098129

2098130

Prognostic relevance of @entity5 size in T3a XXXX : a multicentre experience.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic role of @entity5 size in pathological stage T3a @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with fat invasion only and to assess whether this subgroup maintains its relevance over the other pathological stages. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 2113 @entity1 from eight international institutions who were treated by surgical resection for T2-4 @entity1358 . @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of @entity1 with T3a @entity1358 showed that @entity5 size was significantly associated with @entity66 (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12, p<0.001). An ideal cut-off of 7 cm for these @entity1 was identified with a scatter plot of Martingale residuals and @entity5 size. The two T3a groups were distinctly different with respect to clinicopathologic parameters (performance status, metastases, grade, histological subtype) and survival (p<0.001). Median survival time was not reached for @entity1 with T2 and T3a< or =7 cm disease with a 5- and 10-yr @entity66 rate of 70% and 59% and 63% and 53%, respectively. Median survival time for @entity1 with T3a>7 cm, T3b, T3c, and T4 disease was 54, 46, 21, and 11 mo, respectively, with 5- and 10-yr @entity66 rates of 46% and 36%, 46% and 36%, 34% and 0%, and 16% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that @entity5 size is an important factor for predicting outcome of @entity1 with T3a @entity1358 with fat invasion only. Our findings should merit consideration during the next revision of the TNM classification.

2098131

2098132

2098133

Prognostic relevance of XXXX size in T3a @entity1358 : a multicentre experience.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic role of @entity5 size in pathological stage T3a @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ) with fat invasion only and to assess whether this subgroup maintains its relevance over the other pathological stages. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 2113 @entity1 from eight international institutions who were treated by surgical resection for T2-4 @entity1358 . @entity66 ( @entity66 ) was evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Univariate analysis of @entity1 with T3a @entity1358 showed that @entity5 size was significantly associated with @entity66 (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 1.05-1.12, p<0.001). An ideal cut-off of 7 cm for these @entity1 was identified with a scatter plot of Martingale residuals and @entity5 size. The two T3a groups were distinctly different with respect to clinicopathologic parameters (performance status, metastases, grade, histological subtype) and survival (p<0.001). Median survival time was not reached for @entity1 with T2 and T3a< or =7 cm disease with a 5- and 10-yr @entity66 rate of 70% and 59% and 63% and 53%, respectively. Median survival time for @entity1 with T3a>7 cm, T3b, T3c, and T4 disease was 54, 46, 21, and 11 mo, respectively, with 5- and 10-yr @entity66 rates of 46% and 36%, 46% and 36%, 34% and 0%, and 16% and 14%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that @entity5 size is an important factor for predicting outcome of @entity1 with T3a @entity1358 with fat invasion only. Our findings should merit consideration during the next revision of the TNM classification.

2098134

2098135

2098136

Influence of sex on XXXX histology, stage, and survival in a midwestern United States @entity5 registry.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A study was performed to identify differences between @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2 type, stage at diagnosis, and survival in a single hospital system @entity5 registry. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed based on a study population drawn from the @entity2 @entity5 registry at a single hospital system composed of 2 independent hospitals in the Midwestern United States. This database included all @entity1 from 1996 to 2002 with known @entity2 or abnormal findings on chest radiography or computed tomography (N=2618). @entity1 with @entity420 or squamous cell, small-cell, or @entity152 were included in the study. Data were collected on @entity1 sex, age, @entity5 type, stage at diagnosis, and survival status. RESULTS: A total of 1216 @entity1 and 997 @entity1 met inclusion criteria for the study. There was no significant difference in age between sexes at diagnosis. @entity1 were significantly more likely to have @entity420 or @entity4153 but less likely to have @entity957 compared with @entity1 . There were no significant differences between sexes in the incidence of @entity152 . No significant differences were found between @entity1 and @entity1 in terms of @entity5 stage at diagnosis. There were significant differences in survival between the histologic types at years 3, 4, and 5. Only @entity1 with stage I disease showed a difference between sexes and only for years 2, 3, 4, and 5. CONCLUSION: Overall differences in @entity2 histology and survival were found between @entity1 and @entity1 . Because a high mortality rate of @entity2 exists in both sexes, it is important to understand its occurrence and survival rates in both sexes.

2098137

2098138

2098139

Influence of sex on @entity2 histology, stage, and survival in a midwestern United States XXXX registry.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A study was performed to identify differences between @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2 type, stage at diagnosis, and survival in a single hospital system @entity5 registry. @entity1 AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was designed based on a study population drawn from the @entity2 @entity5 registry at a single hospital system composed of 2 independent hospitals in the Midwestern United States. This database included all @entity1 from 1996 to 2002 with known @entity2 or abnormal findings on chest radiography or computed tomography (N=2618). @entity1 with @entity420 or squamous cell, small-cell, or @entity152 were included in the study. Data were collected on @entity1 sex, age, @entity5 type, stage at diagnosis, and survival status. RESULTS: A total of 1216 @entity1 and 997 @entity1 met inclusion criteria for the study. There was no significant difference in age between sexes at diagnosis. @entity1 were significantly more likely to have @entity420 or @entity4153 but less likely to have @entity957 compared with @entity1 . There were no significant differences between sexes in the incidence of @entity152 . No significant differences were found between @entity1 and @entity1 in terms of @entity5 stage at diagnosis. There were significant differences in survival between the histologic types at years 3, 4, and 5. Only @entity1 with stage I disease showed a difference between sexes and only for years 2, 3, 4, and 5. CONCLUSION: Overall differences in @entity2 histology and survival were found between @entity1 and @entity1 . Because a high mortality rate of @entity2 exists in both sexes, it is important to understand its occurrence and survival rates in both sexes.

2098140

2098141

2098142

A comparison of XXXX embryonation under controlled conditions in soil and hair.

multiple_choice

Toxocara spp. eggs require a period of time under appropriate environmental conditions to become @entity281 . Temperature and humidity are important factors known to affect the levels of development in soil. We aimed to investigate whether the eggs of @entity5603 could embryonate in @entity235 hair under controlled conditions of temperature and humidity and, if so, to what degree. No previous work had been carried out on embryonation in hair under controlled conditions. Soil samples exposed to the same conditions as the hair samples were considered a suitable comparison in order to investigate differing levels of development. Development at two temperatures (10 C and 20 C) and the addition of water to samples was investigated over a period of 8 weeks. Importantly, we demonstrated that unembryonated @entity5603 eggs are capable of development in hair under controlled conditions. The rate of development is lower than that observed in soil, but remains biologically significant in terms of the overall numbers of potentially infective embryonated eggs present. Temperature is responsible for the rate of embryonation while moisture is essential for encouraging development and maintaining egg viability in general. In light of these findings the transmission of Toxocara spp. as a result of direct contact with well-cared-for owned @entity235 seems unlikely, but should not be ignored.

2098143

2098144

2098145

Incidental finding of XXXX ( @entity674 ) during laparoscopic gastric bypass.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare @entity5 , accounting for <1% of all @entity5 of the alimentary tract. @entity674 have not been previously reported in association with gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 517 consecutive morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) between January 2002 and August 2005. Incidental intraoperative findings of @entity356 were recorded. RESULTS: 4 @entity1 (0.8%) were noted to have @entity674 intra-operatively upon inspection of the stomach prior to partition. All @entity674 were identified along the anterior aspect of the upper third of the stomach and were removed by laparoscopic wedge excision with at least a 1 cm margin. The 4 @entity5 were <1 cm in size and all had immunohistochemical analysis positive for @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). None of the @entity5 had determinants of malignant behavior (high mitotic rate, @entity39 or pleomorphism). CONCLUSION: We have found a 0.8% incidence of @entity1820 in our morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing LRYGBP. All of these small, benign @entity5 were found incidentally in asymptomatic @entity1 . This case series underscores the need to fully assess the stomach prior to gastric pouch formation. Without the ability to grossly determine the benign or malignant behavior of @entity674 , all these @entity5 found incidentally should be resected with adequate margins.

2098146

2098147

2098148

Incidental finding of @entity674 ( XXXX ) during laparoscopic gastric bypass.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity674 ( @entity674 ) are rare @entity5 , accounting for <1% of all @entity5 of the alimentary tract. @entity674 have not been previously reported in association with gastric bypass surgery. METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of 517 consecutive morbidly @entity28 @entity1 who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) between January 2002 and August 2005. Incidental intraoperative findings of @entity356 were recorded. RESULTS: 4 @entity1 (0.8%) were noted to have @entity674 intra-operatively upon inspection of the stomach prior to partition. All @entity674 were identified along the anterior aspect of the upper third of the stomach and were removed by laparoscopic wedge excision with at least a 1 cm margin. The 4 @entity5 were <1 cm in size and all had immunohistochemical analysis positive for @entity2467 ( @entity2467 ). None of the @entity5 had determinants of malignant behavior (high mitotic rate, @entity39 or pleomorphism). CONCLUSION: We have found a 0.8% incidence of @entity1820 in our morbidly @entity28 @entity1 undergoing LRYGBP. All of these small, benign @entity5 were found incidentally in asymptomatic @entity1 . This case series underscores the need to fully assess the stomach prior to gastric pouch formation. Without the ability to grossly determine the benign or malignant behavior of @entity674 , all these @entity5 found incidentally should be resected with adequate margins.

2098149

2098150

2098151

Contrast-enhanced sonography for differential diagnosis of XXXX and focal @entity456 of unknown cause.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound enables the visualization of @entity456 with a poor correlation to specific pathology. At this time, there are no data about the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) in @entity456 . METHODS: From August 2004 to January 2005, 25 consecutive @entity1 with clinical symptoms of @entity5641 and focal @entity456 of unknown origin seen on B-mode ultrasonography were prospectively studied by CES. The lesions were diagnosed as @entity5390 (n = 12), @entity1151 / @entity1188 (n = 7), @entity706 (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), @entity738 (n = 1), and unknown cause (n = 1). The diagnosis of the lesions was confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT scanning (n = 20), scintigraphy (n = 3), and follow-up (n = 2). Time to the enhancement of the contrast agent was determined. The CES patterns were evaluated during the arterial phase (ie, 2 to 30 s) and the parenchymal phase (ie, 1 to 5 min). The extent of the enhancement of @entity456 was classified using normal liver tissue as an in vivo reference (absent, hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperrechoic, or mixed echogenicity). RESULTS: In 20 @entity1 , an enhancement of the @entity456 was seen. All 12 @entity1 with @entity5390 had a short time to enhancement (between 1 and 6 s), and a marked enhancement (isoechoic/hyperechoic) during the arterial and parenchymal phase. In the remaining 13 @entity1 with other diagnoses than @entity5390 , 5 @entity1 had no enhancement and 8 @entity1 had a delayed time to enhancement (> 6 s). The extent of the enhancement was reduced (hypoechoic/anechoic) in 12 of 13 @entity1 during the arterial and parenchymal phases. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5641 and @entity456 of unknown cause that were found sonographically, CES enables the diagnosis or exclusion of @entity5390 .

2098152

2098153

2098154

Contrast-enhanced sonography for differential diagnosis of @entity5641 and focal XXXX of unknown cause.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound enables the visualization of @entity456 with a poor correlation to specific pathology. At this time, there are no data about the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced sonography (CES) in @entity456 . METHODS: From August 2004 to January 2005, 25 consecutive @entity1 with clinical symptoms of @entity5641 and focal @entity456 of unknown origin seen on B-mode ultrasonography were prospectively studied by CES. The lesions were diagnosed as @entity5390 (n = 12), @entity1151 / @entity1188 (n = 7), @entity706 (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), @entity738 (n = 1), and unknown cause (n = 1). The diagnosis of the lesions was confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT scanning (n = 20), scintigraphy (n = 3), and follow-up (n = 2). Time to the enhancement of the contrast agent was determined. The CES patterns were evaluated during the arterial phase (ie, 2 to 30 s) and the parenchymal phase (ie, 1 to 5 min). The extent of the enhancement of @entity456 was classified using normal liver tissue as an in vivo reference (absent, hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperrechoic, or mixed echogenicity). RESULTS: In 20 @entity1 , an enhancement of the @entity456 was seen. All 12 @entity1 with @entity5390 had a short time to enhancement (between 1 and 6 s), and a marked enhancement (isoechoic/hyperechoic) during the arterial and parenchymal phase. In the remaining 13 @entity1 with other diagnoses than @entity5390 , 5 @entity1 had no enhancement and 8 @entity1 had a delayed time to enhancement (> 6 s). The extent of the enhancement was reduced (hypoechoic/anechoic) in 12 of 13 @entity1 during the arterial and parenchymal phases. CONCLUSION: In @entity1 with @entity5641 and @entity456 of unknown cause that were found sonographically, CES enables the diagnosis or exclusion of @entity5390 .

2098155

2098156

2098157

Improvement of low-contrast detectability in low-dose hepatic multidetector computed tomography using a novel adaptive filter: evaluation with a computer-simulated liver including XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how much radiation dose can be reduced without loss of low-contrast detectability with a newly developed adaptive noise reduction filter in hepatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scans by using a computer-simulated liver phantom. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Simulated CT images, including liver and @entity5 , were mathematically constructed using a computer workstation to evaluate low-contrast detectability by the observer performance test. Milliampere second for construction of simulated images were 60, 80, 100, and 120 mAs (low dose) and 160 mAs (standard dose) at 120 kVp. Images with 60, 80, 100, and 120 mAs were postprocessed with the adaptive noise reduction filter. A total of 432 images were prepared and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed by 5 radiologists. The detectability of simulated @entity5 by radiologists was estimated with the area under the ROC curves (Az values). In addition, we visually evaluated CT images of 15 @entity1 with chronic @entity409 for @entity409 , sharpness of the liver contour, conspicuity and marginal @entity96 , and overall image quality. RESULTS: The mean Az value at 0.777 (60 mAs), 0.828 (80 mAs), and 0.844 (100 mAs) without filter was significantly lower than that of 160 mAs without filter (P < 0.001, 60 mAs; P = 0.010, 80 mAs; P = 0.040, 100 mAs). There was no statistical difference between the mean Az value at 80 mAs with and 160 mAs without the adaptive noise reduction filter (P = 0.220) and 100 mAs with and 160 mAs without the adaptive noise reduction filter (P = 0.979). In the visual evaluation of @entity1 livers, there was no statistical difference in the graininess and @entity409 and marginal sharpness of the @entity5 , and the overall image quality between standard-dose and filtered low-dose images (Wilcoxon signed rank test, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The radiation dose can be reduced by 50% without loss of nodule detectability by applying the adaptive noise reduction filter to simulated and @entity1 liver images obtained at MDCT.

2098158

2098159

2098160

Endoscopic band ligation in the treatment of portal XXXX .

multiple_choice

The evidence that endoscopic band ligation (EBL) has greater efficacy and fewer side effects than endoscopic injection sclerotherapy has renewed interest in endoscopic treatments for portal @entity101 . The introduction of multishot band devices, which allow the placement of 5-10 bands at a time, has made the technique much easier to perform, avoiding the use of overtubes and their related complications. EBL sessions are usually repeated at 2 week intervals until varices are obliterated, which is achieved in about 90% of @entity1 after 2-4 sessions. Variceal recurrence is frequent, with 20-75% of @entity1 requiring repeated EBL sessions. According to current evidence, nonselective beta-blockers are the preferred treatment option for prevention of a first variceal bleed, whereas EBL should be reserved for @entity1 with contraindications or intolerance to beta-blockers. Nonselective beta-blockers, probably in association with the vasodilator @entity15230 , and EBL are good treatment options to prevent recurrent variceal rebleeding. The efficacy of EBL might be increased by combining it with beta-blocker therapy. @entity1 who are intolerant, have contraindications or bled while receiving primary prophylaxis with beta-blockers must be treated with EBL. In the latter situation, EBL should be added to rather than replace beta-blocker therapy. EBL, in combination with vasoactive drugs, is the recommended form of therapy for acute esophageal variceal @entity548 ; however, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy can be used in the acute setting if EBL is technically difficult.

2098161

2098162

2098163

Design of superparamagnetic XXXX nanoparticle for purification of recombinant proteins.

multiple_choice

This article reports the synthesis, characterization and also the use of surface modified @entity1933 nanoparticles in affinity separation of his-tagged protein. Magnetite particles were prepared by simple coprecipitation of @entity596 / @entity8798 in aqueous medium and then subsequently coated with @entity3440 following a sol-gel route. @entity68015 was immobilized on them through a @entity12138 -coupling agent and charged with @entity3411 . These @entity3411 charged magnetic @entity3440 nanoparticles have been shown as an efficient carrier, binder and anchor to obtain his-tagged protein directly from total cell lysate. The structural characteristics of the powders were studied by XRD. Magnetic @entity3440 particles with 12 nm and aggregate size 90 nm containing inverse spinel magnetite core were observed by transmission electron micrograph and dynamic light scattering. The presence of surface- @entity68015 groups was shown by FTIR and X-ray photoelectron spectra. The immobilization of @entity3411 through the surface chelating @entity68015 groups was also studied by XPS. VSM measurement shows these @entity68015 functionalized magnetic carriers have saturation magnetization 56 e.m.u./g at room temperature. Due to its high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, biocompatibility, and versatility, this magnetic nano-adsorbent may be used as a novel purification system for 6xHis-Tagged recombinant proteins.

2098164

2098165

2098166

Carotid intima-media thickness is different in large- and small-vessel XXXX : the SMART study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of athersclerosis in the difference between the pathogenesis of @entity6249 ( @entity6249 ) is a matter of debate. @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) is a marker of @entity731 . Our aim was to compare @entity2998 between @entity6249 and @entity66 @entity1 . METHODS: Two independent observers classified @entity385 or transient @entity63 attack as caused by @entity6249 or @entity66 , primarily based on imaging and in addition on clinical features. Mean @entity2998 was calculated based on 6 measurements for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Four hundred and seventeen @entity1 were classified @entity66 and 115 @entity6249 . Mean @entity2998 was higher in @entity1 with @entity66 (1.08 mm) than in @entity1 with @entity6249 (0.92 mm). The crude mean difference was 0.16 mm (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.23). After adjustment for age, sex and @entity101 , the mean difference was 0.11 mm (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.18). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2998 is higher in @entity66 @entity1 than in @entity6249 @entity1 supporting the hypothesis that @entity66 and @entity6249 have a different pathogenesis.

2098167

2098168

2098169

Generation of cardiac and endothelial cells from neonatal XXXX testis-derived multipotent germline stem cells.

multiple_choice

Multipotent germline stem (mGS) cells have been established from neonatal @entity19 testes. Here, we compared mGS, embryonic stem (ES), and embryonic germ (EG) cells with regard to their ability to differentiate into mesodermal cells, namely, cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. The in situ morphological appearances of undifferentiated mGS, ES, and EG cells were similar, and 4 days after being induced to differentiate, approximately 30%-40% of each cell type differentiated into @entity11132 (+) cells. The sorted @entity11132 (+) cells differentiated efficiently into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. By day 10 after differentiation induction, the three cell types generated equal number of endothelial colonies. However, by day 13 after differentiation induction, the @entity11132 (+) mGS cells generated more contractile colonies than did the @entity11132 (+) ES cells, whereas the @entity11132 (+) EG cells generated equivalent numbers as the @entity11132 (+) mGS cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of differentiation markers such as @entity14232 , @entity46000 , @entity7006 , @entity7005 , and @entity11132 revealed that mGS cells expressed these markers more slowly during days 0-4 after differentiation induction than did ES cells, but that this mGS cell pattern was similar to that of the EG cells. RT-PCR analysis also revealed that the three differentiation cell types expressed various cardiac markers. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the contractile colonies derived from @entity11132 (+) mGS cells express mature cardiac cell-specific markers. In conclusion, mGS cells are phenotypically similar to ES and EG cells and have a similar potential to differentiate into cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

2098170

2098171

2098172

Diagnostic and interventional radiology workload in acute XXXX in an ITU/ @entity734 setting.

multiple_choice

AIM: To determine the impact on diagnostic and interventional radiology services when imaging @entity1 with severe @entity788 on intensive therapy (ITU) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in a tertiary referral centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine @entity1 admitted to ITU/ @entity734 over a 9-year period (1996-2004) with severe acute @entity788 were reviewed. There were 109 admissions to the ITU with length of stay of 0.2-81.6 days (mean 19.7 days) and 92 admissions to the @entity734 with length of stay of 0.4-12.8 days (mean 4.9 days). RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine computed tomography (CT) and 199 ultrasound (US) examinations were performed on the ITU @entity1 in whom interventional procedures were required in 24% of @entity1 undergoing CT examinations and in 32% of @entity1 undergoing US. Sixty-two CT and 60 US examinations were performed in the @entity734 @entity1 . The percentage of interventional procedures performed in @entity734 @entity1 was similar to that in ITU @entity1 , i.e., 18% CT-guided and 35% US-guided. The proportion of @entity1 that underwent investigations and interventions has gradually increased over the period of the study. Inpatient mortalities were 29% and 5.4%, respectively, in ITU and @entity734 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the huge input and increasing workload undertaken by radiologists when managing @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 in an ITU/ @entity734 setting. We believe this is partly due to the implementation of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on management of acute @entity788 and partly due to the more intensive non-surgical management offered to @entity1 being referred into a specialist tertiary referral unit.

2098173

2098174

2098175

Diagnostic and interventional radiology workload in acute @entity788 in an ITU/ XXXX setting.

multiple_choice

AIM: To determine the impact on diagnostic and interventional radiology services when imaging @entity1 with severe @entity788 on intensive therapy (ITU) and @entity734 ( @entity734 ) in a tertiary referral centre. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and sixty-nine @entity1 admitted to ITU/ @entity734 over a 9-year period (1996-2004) with severe acute @entity788 were reviewed. There were 109 admissions to the ITU with length of stay of 0.2-81.6 days (mean 19.7 days) and 92 admissions to the @entity734 with length of stay of 0.4-12.8 days (mean 4.9 days). RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-nine computed tomography (CT) and 199 ultrasound (US) examinations were performed on the ITU @entity1 in whom interventional procedures were required in 24% of @entity1 undergoing CT examinations and in 32% of @entity1 undergoing US. Sixty-two CT and 60 US examinations were performed in the @entity734 @entity1 . The percentage of interventional procedures performed in @entity734 @entity1 was similar to that in ITU @entity1 , i.e., 18% CT-guided and 35% US-guided. The proportion of @entity1 that underwent investigations and interventions has gradually increased over the period of the study. Inpatient mortalities were 29% and 5.4%, respectively, in ITU and @entity734 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the huge input and increasing workload undertaken by radiologists when managing @entity1 with severe acute @entity788 in an ITU/ @entity734 setting. We believe this is partly due to the implementation of the British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG) guidelines on management of acute @entity788 and partly due to the more intensive non-surgical management offered to @entity1 being referred into a specialist tertiary referral unit.

2098176

2098177

2098178

XXXX in preschool-aged @entity1 .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this case-control study was to assess the association between @entity2169 and dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 126 @entity1 (range: two to five years) with no major medical problems or @entity2122 . @entity2169 history, demographic, dental, health and diet history of each @entity1 was determined using a questionnaire administered to the parent/guardian of the @entity1 . Dental charts were used to abstract dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) scores for @entity1 with dental caries (DC: dmft > or = 1) and without caries (NDC: dmft = 0), and oral hygiene index (OHI) scores. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis indicated no differences in @entity2169 history between the 71 DC and 55 NDC (past year: 35% vs. 40%; lifetime: 30% vs. 31%) @entity1 . However, there was a trend (p = 0.07) for the mean number of @entity2169 to be higher in DC versus the NDC group. Baby bottle use was highest among those who had both @entity2169 and caries. Multivariate regression model revealed that OHI scores, reason for dental visit, and frequency of visits were the best predictors of dmft scores. CONCLUSION: An association between @entity1547 was not observed in this sample. Future investigations should explore common risk factors in increasing the risk of both diseases simultaneously.

2098179

2098180

2098181

@entity1547 in preschool-aged XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this case-control study was to assess the association between @entity2169 and dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 126 @entity1 (range: two to five years) with no major medical problems or @entity2122 . @entity2169 history, demographic, dental, health and diet history of each @entity1 was determined using a questionnaire administered to the parent/guardian of the @entity1 . Dental charts were used to abstract dmft (decayed, missing and filled teeth) scores for @entity1 with dental caries (DC: dmft > or = 1) and without caries (NDC: dmft = 0), and oral hygiene index (OHI) scores. RESULTS: Chi-square analysis indicated no differences in @entity2169 history between the 71 DC and 55 NDC (past year: 35% vs. 40%; lifetime: 30% vs. 31%) @entity1 . However, there was a trend (p = 0.07) for the mean number of @entity2169 to be higher in DC versus the NDC group. Baby bottle use was highest among those who had both @entity2169 and caries. Multivariate regression model revealed that OHI scores, reason for dental visit, and frequency of visits were the best predictors of dmft scores. CONCLUSION: An association between @entity1547 was not observed in this sample. Future investigations should explore common risk factors in increasing the risk of both diseases simultaneously.

2098182

2098183

2098184

[Role of the severity score and of the multiple organ dysfunctions in the treatment of severe acute XXXX and its infective complications].

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: There is considerable controversy about timing of surgery in acute @entity788 . Scoring system is widely used in Intensive Care Units (ICU) but above all in order to assess the severity of disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: In this prospective clinical study, modification of clinical evolution and scores (APACHE II, SAPS II and SOFA) are analyzed. Scores were computed, daily or every other day. Two particular phases were observed: the day of ICU admission and the day of surgical treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 are studied; they were all surgically treated only after identification of positive pancreatic coltures. Open-packing was performed 2-6 weeks after the beginning of acute @entity788 . In six @entity1 who died, a progressive deterioration was noticed between admission and identification of infected @entity39 . All scores were higher in @entity1 who died, in particular a significant difference was found between SOFA score at admission and at treatment (mean +/- SD: 5.0 +/- 3.2 vs 8.5 +/- 3.0, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion when clinical conditions are critical a high SOFA score could contribute to indicate surgical treatment even without identification of @entity295 .

2098185

2098186

2098187

The ability of hens to regulate XXXX intake when offered diets containing different levels of @entity3151 .

multiple_choice

Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent and ability of laying hens to regulate their @entity3151 (P) intake when offered a choice of diets containing different levels of @entity3151 . In the first experiment, Babcock B-300 hens, 72 weeks old, received a choice of diets offered in each of two plastic cups. The dietary choices of P levels included: 0.75 percent P vs. 0.75 percent P diet (control), 0.19 percent vs. 0.46 percent P, 1.00 percent vs. 2.43 percent P and 0.19 percent vs. 2.43 percent P diet. The cups were weighed and replenished every three days. After one month, the @entity460 level in all diets was increased from 3.00 to 6.00 percent @entity460 and the experiment continued for a second month. The second experiment involved the same dietary choices of P with a constant level of 3.00 percent @entity460 . Hens in this experiment were 48 weeks old. In both Experiments 1 and 2 the daily feed consumption was determined by weighing all cups at two hour intervals for two days. This procedure was performed after hens had been on the experimental regime for one month. Hens in both experiments clearly regulated their intake of P when offered the above choices. Hens avoided the consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet in favor of the diet containing less P. Consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet, even when avoided to a large extent, reduced both egg production and egg specific gravity. Increased @entity460 levels in the diets resulted in an increase in consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet. Young hens demonstrated a significant increase in consumption of the 0.46 percent P diet over the 0.19 percent P diet. Both old and young hens in the 0.46 percent P vs. 0.19 percent P group in both experiments maintained egg specific gravity, egg weight and egg production at levels comparable to controls. Results of the two hour feed weighings showed that laying hens in the 0.19% vs. 2.43% P group exhibited a noon-time peak in preferential consumption of P, followed by a marked afternoon-evening decline. This decline occurs both for relative and absolute P intake.

2098188

2098189

2098190

The ability of hens to regulate @entity3151 intake when offered diets containing different levels of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Two experiments were conducted to determine the extent and ability of laying hens to regulate their @entity3151 (P) intake when offered a choice of diets containing different levels of @entity3151 . In the first experiment, Babcock B-300 hens, 72 weeks old, received a choice of diets offered in each of two plastic cups. The dietary choices of P levels included: 0.75 percent P vs. 0.75 percent P diet (control), 0.19 percent vs. 0.46 percent P, 1.00 percent vs. 2.43 percent P and 0.19 percent vs. 2.43 percent P diet. The cups were weighed and replenished every three days. After one month, the @entity460 level in all diets was increased from 3.00 to 6.00 percent @entity460 and the experiment continued for a second month. The second experiment involved the same dietary choices of P with a constant level of 3.00 percent @entity460 . Hens in this experiment were 48 weeks old. In both Experiments 1 and 2 the daily feed consumption was determined by weighing all cups at two hour intervals for two days. This procedure was performed after hens had been on the experimental regime for one month. Hens in both experiments clearly regulated their intake of P when offered the above choices. Hens avoided the consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet in favor of the diet containing less P. Consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet, even when avoided to a large extent, reduced both egg production and egg specific gravity. Increased @entity460 levels in the diets resulted in an increase in consumption of the 2.43 percent P diet. Young hens demonstrated a significant increase in consumption of the 0.46 percent P diet over the 0.19 percent P diet. Both old and young hens in the 0.46 percent P vs. 0.19 percent P group in both experiments maintained egg specific gravity, egg weight and egg production at levels comparable to controls. Results of the two hour feed weighings showed that laying hens in the 0.19% vs. 2.43% P group exhibited a noon-time peak in preferential consumption of P, followed by a marked afternoon-evening decline. This decline occurs both for relative and absolute P intake.

2098191

2098192

2098193

Chinese-Australians' knowledge of XXXX and @entity161 in the context of their under-utilization of mental health care: an analysis of labelling.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Low knowledge of and discrimination regarding @entity146 ( @entity146 ) may underpin lower access to mental health care by ethnic minority groups. AIMS: In Chinese-Australians, in relation to @entity161 and @entity308 , to assess (a) labels attached to @entity146 , (b) conceptual distinctiveness of @entity146 , (c) labelling accuracy against an Australian representative sample, (d) how syndrome variations may influence labelling, and (e) effects of exposure to @entity146 on labelling. METHOD: 418 subjects were asked to indicate the labels they would apply to vignettes of @entity308 and @entity161 and whether they were exposed to these disorders personally or socially. RESULTS: The sample was broadly representative of the Australian-Chinese community: 51% and 47% 'correctly' labelled the vignettes. @entity308 and @entity161 labels were consistently discriminated and clustered with different other labels. Labelling accuracy surpassed Australians'. Labelling did not vary substantially between syndromes. Exposure related to increased labelling accuracy for @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy in labelling major forms of @entity146 does not appear low in Chinese-Australians and seems higher than in the Australian community. @entity146 were discriminated although syndrome variations were not. Findings dispute that low mental health care access and uptake is due to low recognition and discrimination of @entity146 in Chinese-Australians.

2098194

2098195

2098196

Chinese-Australians' knowledge of @entity308 and XXXX in the context of their under-utilization of mental health care: an analysis of labelling.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Low knowledge of and discrimination regarding @entity146 ( @entity146 ) may underpin lower access to mental health care by ethnic minority groups. AIMS: In Chinese-Australians, in relation to @entity161 and @entity308 , to assess (a) labels attached to @entity146 , (b) conceptual distinctiveness of @entity146 , (c) labelling accuracy against an Australian representative sample, (d) how syndrome variations may influence labelling, and (e) effects of exposure to @entity146 on labelling. METHOD: 418 subjects were asked to indicate the labels they would apply to vignettes of @entity308 and @entity161 and whether they were exposed to these disorders personally or socially. RESULTS: The sample was broadly representative of the Australian-Chinese community: 51% and 47% 'correctly' labelled the vignettes. @entity308 and @entity161 labels were consistently discriminated and clustered with different other labels. Labelling accuracy surpassed Australians'. Labelling did not vary substantially between syndromes. Exposure related to increased labelling accuracy for @entity308 . CONCLUSIONS: Accuracy in labelling major forms of @entity146 does not appear low in Chinese-Australians and seems higher than in the Australian community. @entity146 were discriminated although syndrome variations were not. Findings dispute that low mental health care access and uptake is due to low recognition and discrimination of @entity146 in Chinese-Australians.

2098197

2098198

2098199

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in the treatment of @entity2132 ( XXXX )

multiple_choice

The aim of our study was to assess the efficacy of extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) in @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ). Eleven @entity1 with chronic cutaneous @entity2132 were studied. Four had mucosal involvement and five had @entity358 . All had failed to improve on first- and second-line therapy. Three @entity1 received ECP alone; the remainder continued to receive @entity230 and/or immunosuppressive therapy. @entity1 received ECP twice monthly for 4 months and then once monthly for 3 months. They were evaluated by serial skin scores, mucosal and skin photography, pulmonary function tests, biochemical and haematological parameters. Nine @entity1 showed objective evidence of cutaneous improvement with a mean reduction in skin score of 48% overall. In the 10th @entity1 , skin scores and oral involvement improved on twice monthly ECP but deteriorated when reduced to once monthly. The final @entity1 died from @entity177 secondary to cyclosporin @entity137 . Two out of five @entity1 with lung involvement showed a mild improvement in pulmonary function tests. Liver function tests were abnormal in five @entity1 ; they improved in one and deteriorated in three. All @entity1 receiving concomitant immunosuppressive/ @entity134 therapy were able to reduce drug dosages by trial completion. Our results indicate that ECP can benefit @entity1 with cutaneous and mucosal chronic @entity2132 who have failed on first- and second-line therapies. The effect on the systemic manifestations of @entity2132 is less consistent.