Datasets:

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2098500

2098501

2098502

[Efficacy and safety of @entity7274 versus XXXX in the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced @entity391 in Chinese cancer @entity1 ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of @entity7274 in the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 after moderate to severe emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: From November 2008 to November 2009, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and self-crossover phase II clinical trial with a total planned enrollment of 160 @entity1 was carried out to compare @entity7274 (drug A) with @entity19473 (drug B). The subjects were randomized divided into groups AB and BA. The dosing sequence in the group AB was drug A the first cycle and drug B the second cycle while the BA group was administered reversely. The efficacy was evaluated within a period of 5 days after @entity900 or @entity632 -based regimen chemotherapy. Adverse effects were assessed by CTCAE 3.0. RESULTS: Among 155 enrolled cases, 132 cases were assessable for efficacy. The complete control rate of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 was 54.55% vs 51.52% for drug A vs drug B (P > 0.05), but that of delayed reaction was 53.03% vs 38.64% respectively. There were significant differences (P = 0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of adverse effects was 4.90% for investigational agent without severe adverse events. The main adverse reactions were @entity10 and @entity1296 . CONCLUSION: With a high safety profile, @entity7274 is an effective agent for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 .

2098503

2098504

2098505

[Efficacy and safety of @entity7274 versus @entity19473 in the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced XXXX in Chinese cancer @entity1 ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of @entity7274 in the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 after moderate to severe emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: From November 2008 to November 2009, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and self-crossover phase II clinical trial with a total planned enrollment of 160 @entity1 was carried out to compare @entity7274 (drug A) with @entity19473 (drug B). The subjects were randomized divided into groups AB and BA. The dosing sequence in the group AB was drug A the first cycle and drug B the second cycle while the BA group was administered reversely. The efficacy was evaluated within a period of 5 days after @entity900 or @entity632 -based regimen chemotherapy. Adverse effects were assessed by CTCAE 3.0. RESULTS: Among 155 enrolled cases, 132 cases were assessable for efficacy. The complete control rate of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 was 54.55% vs 51.52% for drug A vs drug B (P > 0.05), but that of delayed reaction was 53.03% vs 38.64% respectively. There were significant differences (P = 0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of adverse effects was 4.90% for investigational agent without severe adverse events. The main adverse reactions were @entity10 and @entity1296 . CONCLUSION: With a high safety profile, @entity7274 is an effective agent for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 .

2098506

2098507

2098508

[Efficacy and safety of XXXX versus @entity19473 in the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced @entity391 in Chinese cancer @entity1 ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of @entity7274 in the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 after moderate to severe emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: From November 2008 to November 2009, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and self-crossover phase II clinical trial with a total planned enrollment of 160 @entity1 was carried out to compare @entity7274 (drug A) with @entity19473 (drug B). The subjects were randomized divided into groups AB and BA. The dosing sequence in the group AB was drug A the first cycle and drug B the second cycle while the BA group was administered reversely. The efficacy was evaluated within a period of 5 days after @entity900 or @entity632 -based regimen chemotherapy. Adverse effects were assessed by CTCAE 3.0. RESULTS: Among 155 enrolled cases, 132 cases were assessable for efficacy. The complete control rate of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 was 54.55% vs 51.52% for drug A vs drug B (P > 0.05), but that of delayed reaction was 53.03% vs 38.64% respectively. There were significant differences (P = 0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of adverse effects was 4.90% for investigational agent without severe adverse events. The main adverse reactions were @entity10 and @entity1296 . CONCLUSION: With a high safety profile, @entity7274 is an effective agent for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 .

2098509

2098510

2098511

[Efficacy and safety of @entity7274 versus @entity19473 in the prevention of highly emetogenic chemotherapy-induced @entity391 in Chinese cancer XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy and safety of @entity7274 in the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 after moderate to severe emetogenic chemotherapy. METHODS: From November 2008 to November 2009, a multicenter, randomized, double-blind and self-crossover phase II clinical trial with a total planned enrollment of 160 @entity1 was carried out to compare @entity7274 (drug A) with @entity19473 (drug B). The subjects were randomized divided into groups AB and BA. The dosing sequence in the group AB was drug A the first cycle and drug B the second cycle while the BA group was administered reversely. The efficacy was evaluated within a period of 5 days after @entity900 or @entity632 -based regimen chemotherapy. Adverse effects were assessed by CTCAE 3.0. RESULTS: Among 155 enrolled cases, 132 cases were assessable for efficacy. The complete control rate of acute chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 was 54.55% vs 51.52% for drug A vs drug B (P > 0.05), but that of delayed reaction was 53.03% vs 38.64% respectively. There were significant differences (P = 0.01). Meanwhile, the rate of adverse effects was 4.90% for investigational agent without severe adverse events. The main adverse reactions were @entity10 and @entity1296 . CONCLUSION: With a high safety profile, @entity7274 is an effective agent for the prevention of acute and delayed chemotherapy-induced @entity390 and @entity391 .

2098512

2098513

2098514

Opposing effects of particle pollution, XXXX , and ambient temperature on arterial blood pressure.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity6 increases the risk of @entity101 and @entity551 and raises the risk of @entity65 during heat waves and high pollution episodes. OBJECTIVE: We examined whether short-term exposures to air pollution (fine particles, @entity1787 ) and heat resulted in perturbation of arterial blood pressure (BP) in @entity1 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: We conducted a panel study in 70 subjects with @entity6 , measuring BP by automated oscillometric sphygmomanometer and pulse wave analysis every 2 weeks on up to five occasions (355 repeated measures). Hourly central site measurements of fine particles, @entity1787 , and meteorology were conducted. We applied linear mixed models with random @entity1 intercepts to investigate the association of fine particles, @entity1787 , and ambient temperature with systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial BP in a multipollutant model, controlling for season, meteorological variables, and subject characteristics. RESULTS: An interquartile increase in ambient fine particle mass [particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter of <= 2.5 m (PM2.5)] and in the traffic component black @entity505 in the previous 5 days (3.54 and 0.25 g/m3, respectively) predicted increases of 1.4 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 2.9 mmHg] and 2.2 mmHg (95% CI: 0.4, 4.0 mmHg) in systolic BP (SBP) at the population geometric mean, respectively. In contrast, an interquartile increase in the 5-day mean of @entity1787 (13.3 ppb) was associated with a 5.2 mmHg (95% CI: -8.6, -1.8 mmHg) decrease in SBP. Higher temperatures were associated with a marginal decrease in BP. CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with @entity6 , PM was associated with increased BP, and @entity1787 was associated with decreased BP. These effects may be clinically important in @entity1 with already compromised autoregulatory function.

2098515

2098516

2098517

[The @entity563 / XXXX kinases that control cell cycle progression as therapeutic targets].

multiple_choice

Cell cycle progression corresponds to a series of events, which succeed one another to end in the division of a mother cell to give two daughter cells. The processes that allow the cell to divide are very precisely controlled by a multitude of enzymatic reactions among which protein phosphorylation, carried out by protein kinases, plays a key role. @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a @entity1391 from @entity855 to a protein substrate, more precisely on a @entity563 or @entity1889 @entity535 residue. Three important families of @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) the @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ) and those of the Aurora family. The @entity5 is described as an uncontrolled cell division process. @entity5 cells proliferate indeed in an anarchic way, and carry out cycles of cellular division by being unaware of the signals of alarm. A simple idea thus appeared soon: to stop or to slow down cell cycle progression would result in inhibiting cell proliferation and thus fighting against @entity5 . Cell cycle progression being controlled in particular by protein kinases of the CDK, @entity9370 and Aurora families, it was rapidly decided to look for inhibitors of those protein kinases. We will first make a general recall on cell cycle progression and the mechanisms that control it. The functions of protein kinases of the CDK, @entity9370 and Aurora families will then be described by concentrating on the sensitive phase of the cell cycle progression, i.e. mitosis. Finally, we will approach the consequences of the inhibition of these protein kinases within the framework of the fight against @entity5 .

2098518

2098519

2098520

[The XXXX / @entity1889 kinases that control cell cycle progression as therapeutic targets].

multiple_choice

Cell cycle progression corresponds to a series of events, which succeed one another to end in the division of a mother cell to give two daughter cells. The processes that allow the cell to divide are very precisely controlled by a multitude of enzymatic reactions among which protein phosphorylation, carried out by protein kinases, plays a key role. @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases are enzymes that catalyse the transfer of a @entity1391 from @entity855 to a protein substrate, more precisely on a @entity563 or @entity1889 @entity535 residue. Three important families of @entity563 / @entity1889 kinases are involved in the regulation of cell cycle progression, the cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) the @entity9370 ( @entity9370 ) and those of the Aurora family. The @entity5 is described as an uncontrolled cell division process. @entity5 cells proliferate indeed in an anarchic way, and carry out cycles of cellular division by being unaware of the signals of alarm. A simple idea thus appeared soon: to stop or to slow down cell cycle progression would result in inhibiting cell proliferation and thus fighting against @entity5 . Cell cycle progression being controlled in particular by protein kinases of the CDK, @entity9370 and Aurora families, it was rapidly decided to look for inhibitors of those protein kinases. We will first make a general recall on cell cycle progression and the mechanisms that control it. The functions of protein kinases of the CDK, @entity9370 and Aurora families will then be described by concentrating on the sensitive phase of the cell cycle progression, i.e. mitosis. Finally, we will approach the consequences of the inhibition of these protein kinases within the framework of the fight against @entity5 .

2098521

2098522

2098523

XXXX and the built environment: changes in environmental cues cause energy imbalances.

multiple_choice

The past 30 years have seen dramatic changes in the food and physical activity environments, both of which contribute to the changes in @entity1 behavior that could explain @entity28 . This paper reviews documented changes in the food environment, changes in the physical activity environment and the mechanisms through which @entity1 respond to these environments, often without conscious awareness or control. The most important environmental changes have been increases in food accessibility, food salience and decreases in the cost of food. The increases in food marketing and advertising create food cues that artificially stimulate @entity1 to feel hungry. The existence of a metabolic pathway that allows excess energy to be stored as fat suggests that @entity1 were designed to overeat. Many internal mechanisms favor neurophysiologic responses to food cues that result in overconsumption. External cues, such as food abundance, food variety and food novelty, cause @entity1 to override internal signals of satiety. Other factors, such as conditioning and priming, tie food to other desirable outcomes, and thus increase the frequency that hunger is stimulated by environmental cues. @entity1 's natural response to the environmental cues are colored by framing, and judgments are flawed and biased depending on how information is presented. @entity1 lack insight into how the food environment affects them, and subsequently are unable to change the factors that are responsible for @entity8769 . Understanding the causal pathway for overconsumption will be necessary to interrupt the mechanisms that lead to @entity28 .

2098524

2098525

2098526

Minimally invasive transfrontal sinus approach to resection of large XXXX of the subfrontal skull base.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To review our favorable experience with a minimally invasive transfrontal sinus approach to @entity5 of the subfrontal region. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review in a tertiary care referral practice. METHODS: @entity1 undergoing anterior skull base surgery by the senior author (Y.D.) were reviewed and transfrontal sinus approach @entity1 selected for review. All cases of transfrontal sinus approaches to the base of the anterior cranial fossa from 2007 to 2011 were reviewed in a retrospective fashion. RESULTS: A total of 14 cases were noted. Male to female ratio was 10 to 4 with an average age of 58.2 years. The pathologies included: @entity1653 (n = 6), @entity4236 (n = 3), @entity957 (n = 3), @entity420 (n = 1), and @entity2347 (n = 1). Five intradural and nine extradural dissections were performed. No major complications were noted, and no @entity1 required conversion to a traditional transfacial approach or required the use of a craniotomy. Twelve @entity1 underwent @entity5 removal, whereas two @entity1 underwent @entity5 removal. Reasons for subtotal removal were not access related but rather @entity5 characteristic related (carotid artery wall involvement, optic chiasm involvement). Contraindication to this approach is the presence of a hypoplastic or aplastic frontal sinus. CONCLUSIONS: The minimally invasive transfrontal sinus approach to the subfrontal region provides ready expeditious access to the base of the anterior cranial fossa without the need for brain retraction, @entity2694 . It represents an excellent alternative in the surgical access of both intra- and extradural @entity5 in this region of the skull base.

2098527

2098528

2098529

Compensatory extension of gestation length with advance of conception in XXXX ( @entity2498 ).

multiple_choice

Calving date in many mammals is matched to the time of greatest food availability. Out of season calving results in heavy penalties in terms of own and offspring survival or body condition. This study examined whether gestation length is affected by advancing fertilisation. Thirty-six @entity2498 hinds (of the Iberian and Scottish subspecies) were subjected to a synchronisation treatment of oestrus, ovulation, and artificial insemination on three dates, with remaining non-pregnant females mated with an intact male in a last group. Gestation was longer the more the fertilisation was advanced; gestation lasted 241.5+/-1.3 days (d) in the first group, 237.4+/-1.2 d in the second, 235.1+/-1.3 d in the third, and 231.2+/-1.6 d in the last. Mean gestation lasted 234.2+/-0.7 d. Hinds gained less weight during gestation the more the fertilisation was advanced. The difference was due at least in part to net body weight of the hind after calving compared to that at mating, and @entity291 did not differ in birth weight. As early born @entity291 suffer greater mortality in the field, this enlargening of gestation might be a compensatory response of the hinds to match calving with food availability. Under natural conditions, similar small modifications of gestation length may help hinds to overcome short-term adverse conditions for calving. Because @entity291 mortality is correlated with birth weight, hinds may have kept @entity291 birth weight constant at the expense of greater body weight loss.

2098530

2098531

2098532

Compensatory extension of gestation length with advance of conception in @entity2498 ( XXXX ).

multiple_choice

Calving date in many mammals is matched to the time of greatest food availability. Out of season calving results in heavy penalties in terms of own and offspring survival or body condition. This study examined whether gestation length is affected by advancing fertilisation. Thirty-six @entity2498 hinds (of the Iberian and Scottish subspecies) were subjected to a synchronisation treatment of oestrus, ovulation, and artificial insemination on three dates, with remaining non-pregnant females mated with an intact male in a last group. Gestation was longer the more the fertilisation was advanced; gestation lasted 241.5+/-1.3 days (d) in the first group, 237.4+/-1.2 d in the second, 235.1+/-1.3 d in the third, and 231.2+/-1.6 d in the last. Mean gestation lasted 234.2+/-0.7 d. Hinds gained less weight during gestation the more the fertilisation was advanced. The difference was due at least in part to net body weight of the hind after calving compared to that at mating, and @entity291 did not differ in birth weight. As early born @entity291 suffer greater mortality in the field, this enlargening of gestation might be a compensatory response of the hinds to match calving with food availability. Under natural conditions, similar small modifications of gestation length may help hinds to overcome short-term adverse conditions for calving. Because @entity291 mortality is correlated with birth weight, hinds may have kept @entity291 birth weight constant at the expense of greater body weight loss.

2098533

2098534

2098535

Cervical myelopathy caused by XXXX . Case report and review of the literature.

multiple_choice

The authors present a rare case of cervical @entity602 caused by @entity135 . This 68-year-old @entity1 presented with her head hanging forward. After 1 month, she was admitted to the medical service because of head drop progression. Examination of biopsy specimens from her cervical paraspinal muscles showed nonspecific @entity121 without @entity32 , and @entity135 extensor @entity121 was diagnosed. The @entity1 's condition did not respond to the administration of corticosteroids. During follow up as an outpatient, the @entity1 's head drop continued to gradually progress. At 1 year after onset, she developed bilateral weakness of the upper and lower extremities, clumsiness of the hands, and gait disturbance. A radiograph of the cervical spine obtained in a standing position showed a pronounced @entity85 and instability at the level of C4-5. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated @entity1745 at @entity4417 and @entity10287 . The @entity1 underwent a C3-4 laminectomy and occipitocervicothoracic fixation. Gait and hand coordination gradually improved, and she was able to walk with no support 1 month postoperatively. Surgical fixation was beneficial in this @entity1 with @entity135 , @entity602 , and cervical instability.

2098536

2098537

2098538

Modeling and experimental studies on intermittent starch feeding and XXXX addition in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of starch to flavor compounds.

multiple_choice

Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) is a combined process of saccharification of a renewable bioresource and fermentation process to produce products, such as @entity880 and @entity1068 . Recently, SSF has been extensively used to convert various sources of cellulose and starch into fermentative products. Here, we present a study on production of buttery flavors, namely @entity12741 and @entity10951 , by growing @entity10263 on a starch medium containing the enzyme glucoamylase. We further develop a structured kinetics for the SSF process, which includes enzyme and growth kinetics. The model was used to simulate the effect of pH and temperature on the SSF process so as to obtain optimum operating conditions. The model was experimentally verified by conducting SSF using an initial starch concentration of 100 g/L. The study demonstrated that the developed kinetic was able to suggest strategies for improved productivities. The developed model was able to accurately predict the enhanced productivity of flavors in a three stage process with intermittent addition of starch. Experimental and simulations demonstrated that @entity1792 addition can also lead to enhanced productivity of flavors. The developed optimal model for SSF was able to capture the dynamics of SSF in batch mode as well as in a three stage process. The structured kinetics was also able to quantify the effect of multiple substrates present in the medium. The study demonstrated that structured kinetic models can be used in the future for design and optimization of SSF as a batch or a fed-batch process.

2098539

2098540

2098541

Prognostic significance of XXXX in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent @entity1487 , @entity1862 , cetuximab and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

multiple_choice

A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of incorporating cetuximab and simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) into a well-described @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1862 (HU)-based chemoradiation regimen. @entity1 with stage IVa-IVb or high-risk @entity5 were enrolled. Prior organ-conserving surgery or induction chemotherapy was allowed. IMRT was administered in 1.5 Gy fractions twice daily on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, 5, 7 9 for a total dose of 60-73.5 Gy. Concurrent systemic therapy consisted of @entity1487 (600 mg/m2), HU (500 mg BID) and cetuximab (250 mg/m2). @entity986 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. From January 2007 to January 2010, 65 @entity1 (61 with stage IV disease; 31 with oropharyngeal primaries) were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 2-year locoregional control, distant control, progression-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival were 79, 83, 72, 63 and 80%, respectively. In 48 @entity1 with available pre-treatment tissue, @entity986 overexpression was associated with significantly increased distant control (p=0.03), progression-free survival (p=0.02), event-free survival (p=0.007) and overall survival (p=0.03). The most common grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity33 (46%), @entity1431 (18%), @entity417 (18%) and @entity1909 (17%). Concurrent @entity1487 , HU, cetuximab and SIB-IMRT is a highly active regimen, particularly in @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease.

2098542

2098543

2098544

Prognostic significance of @entity986 in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent @entity1487 , XXXX , cetuximab and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

multiple_choice

A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of incorporating cetuximab and simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) into a well-described @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1862 (HU)-based chemoradiation regimen. @entity1 with stage IVa-IVb or high-risk @entity5 were enrolled. Prior organ-conserving surgery or induction chemotherapy was allowed. IMRT was administered in 1.5 Gy fractions twice daily on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, 5, 7 9 for a total dose of 60-73.5 Gy. Concurrent systemic therapy consisted of @entity1487 (600 mg/m2), HU (500 mg BID) and cetuximab (250 mg/m2). @entity986 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. From January 2007 to January 2010, 65 @entity1 (61 with stage IV disease; 31 with oropharyngeal primaries) were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 2-year locoregional control, distant control, progression-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival were 79, 83, 72, 63 and 80%, respectively. In 48 @entity1 with available pre-treatment tissue, @entity986 overexpression was associated with significantly increased distant control (p=0.03), progression-free survival (p=0.02), event-free survival (p=0.007) and overall survival (p=0.03). The most common grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity33 (46%), @entity1431 (18%), @entity417 (18%) and @entity1909 (17%). Concurrent @entity1487 , HU, cetuximab and SIB-IMRT is a highly active regimen, particularly in @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease.

2098545

2098546

2098547

Prognostic significance of @entity986 in locoregionally advanced head and neck cancer treated with concurrent XXXX , @entity1862 , cetuximab and intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

multiple_choice

A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the tolerability and efficacy of incorporating cetuximab and simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiation therapy (SIB-IMRT) into a well-described @entity1487 ( @entity1487 ) and @entity1862 (HU)-based chemoradiation regimen. @entity1 with stage IVa-IVb or high-risk @entity5 were enrolled. Prior organ-conserving surgery or induction chemotherapy was allowed. IMRT was administered in 1.5 Gy fractions twice daily on days 1-5 of weeks 1, 3, 5, 7 9 for a total dose of 60-73.5 Gy. Concurrent systemic therapy consisted of @entity1487 (600 mg/m2), HU (500 mg BID) and cetuximab (250 mg/m2). @entity986 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. From January 2007 to January 2010, 65 @entity1 (61 with stage IV disease; 31 with oropharyngeal primaries) were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 28 months, 2-year locoregional control, distant control, progression-free survival, event-free survival and overall survival were 79, 83, 72, 63 and 80%, respectively. In 48 @entity1 with available pre-treatment tissue, @entity986 overexpression was associated with significantly increased distant control (p=0.03), progression-free survival (p=0.02), event-free survival (p=0.007) and overall survival (p=0.03). The most common grade 3-4 @entity137 were @entity33 (46%), @entity1431 (18%), @entity417 (18%) and @entity1909 (17%). Concurrent @entity1487 , HU, cetuximab and SIB-IMRT is a highly active regimen, particularly in @entity1 with @entity986 -positive disease.

2098548

2098549

2098550

XXXX and alpha brain rhythms in @entity73 : a multicentric electroencephalogram study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Relationships between the @entity2204 allele and electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythmicity have been demonstrated in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 but not in the preclinical stage prodromic to it, namely, @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The present multicentric EEG study tested the hypothesis that presence of epsilon4 affects sources of resting EEG rhythms in both @entity73 and @entity195 subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 89 @entity73 subjects (34.8% with epsilon4) and 103 @entity195 @entity1 (50.4% with epsilon4). Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded for all subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), @entity6927 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), @entity12078 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. RESULTS: Results showed that amplitude of @entity6927 sources in occipital, temporal, and limbic areas was lower in subjects carrying the epsilon4 allele than in those not carrying the epsilon4 allele (p < 0.01). This was true for both @entity73 and @entity195 . For the first time to our knowledge, a relationship was shown between @entity2204 genotype and global neurophysiological phenotype (ie, cortical alpha rhythmicity) in a preclinical @entity195 , @entity73 , in addition to clinically manifest @entity195 . INTERPRETATION: Such a demonstration motivates future genotype-EEG phenotype studies for the early prediction of @entity195 conversion in individual @entity73 subjects.

2098551

2098552

2098553

@entity2204 and alpha brain rhythms in XXXX : a multicentric electroencephalogram study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Relationships between the @entity2204 allele and electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythmicity have been demonstrated in @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity1 but not in the preclinical stage prodromic to it, namely, @entity73 ( @entity73 ). The present multicentric EEG study tested the hypothesis that presence of epsilon4 affects sources of resting EEG rhythms in both @entity73 and @entity195 subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 89 @entity73 subjects (34.8% with epsilon4) and 103 @entity195 @entity1 (50.4% with epsilon4). Resting eyes-closed EEG data were recorded for all subjects. EEG rhythms of interest were delta (2-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), @entity6927 (8-10.5 Hz), alpha 2 (10.5-13Hz), @entity12078 (20-30 Hz). EEG cortical sources were estimated by low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. RESULTS: Results showed that amplitude of @entity6927 sources in occipital, temporal, and limbic areas was lower in subjects carrying the epsilon4 allele than in those not carrying the epsilon4 allele (p < 0.01). This was true for both @entity73 and @entity195 . For the first time to our knowledge, a relationship was shown between @entity2204 genotype and global neurophysiological phenotype (ie, cortical alpha rhythmicity) in a preclinical @entity195 , @entity73 , in addition to clinically manifest @entity195 . INTERPRETATION: Such a demonstration motivates future genotype-EEG phenotype studies for the early prediction of @entity195 conversion in individual @entity73 subjects.

2098554

2098555

2098556

A phase II and pharmacodynamic study of @entity4562 in @entity1 with refractory or recurrent XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of @entity4562 on its target signal-transduction pathways in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The secondary objectives included assessing clinical activity and @entity137 and determining the association between biochemical and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-four heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity43 who had good end-organ function and performance status and who had measurable disease received @entity4562 500 mg daily. Prospectively planned core-needle @entity5 biopsies were obtained before treatment and after 4 weeks. Protein expression of total and phosphorylated (p) @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity25449 ( @entity584 ), and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was quantified in microdissected @entity5 cells using tissue lysate array proteomics. RESULTS: All @entity5 samples had detectable levels of @entity470 and p- @entity470 . A decrease in the quantity of both @entity470 and p- @entity470 was observed with @entity4562 therapy in >50% of @entity1 . This was not associated with clinical benefit, nor were responses observed. However, trends for increased @entity344 were observed with greater phosphorylation or quantities of @entity470 , ERK, and @entity584 in @entity5 samples (P </= .05). @entity4562 had limited clinical activity as monotherapy despite documented target inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study demonstrated that @entity4562 inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity470 in @entity43 @entity5 cells, providing proof of target in a clinical setting. Combinatorial therapy with molecular therapeutics against complementary targets may prove successful.

2098557

2098558

2098559

A phase II and pharmacodynamic study of XXXX in @entity1 with refractory or recurrent @entity43 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of @entity4562 on its target signal-transduction pathways in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The secondary objectives included assessing clinical activity and @entity137 and determining the association between biochemical and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-four heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity43 who had good end-organ function and performance status and who had measurable disease received @entity4562 500 mg daily. Prospectively planned core-needle @entity5 biopsies were obtained before treatment and after 4 weeks. Protein expression of total and phosphorylated (p) @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity25449 ( @entity584 ), and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was quantified in microdissected @entity5 cells using tissue lysate array proteomics. RESULTS: All @entity5 samples had detectable levels of @entity470 and p- @entity470 . A decrease in the quantity of both @entity470 and p- @entity470 was observed with @entity4562 therapy in >50% of @entity1 . This was not associated with clinical benefit, nor were responses observed. However, trends for increased @entity344 were observed with greater phosphorylation or quantities of @entity470 , ERK, and @entity584 in @entity5 samples (P </= .05). @entity4562 had limited clinical activity as monotherapy despite documented target inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study demonstrated that @entity4562 inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity470 in @entity43 @entity5 cells, providing proof of target in a clinical setting. Combinatorial therapy with molecular therapeutics against complementary targets may prove successful.

2098560

2098561

2098562

A phase II and pharmacodynamic study of @entity4562 in XXXX with refractory or recurrent @entity43 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical effects of @entity4562 on its target signal-transduction pathways in @entity1 with recurrent @entity43 ( @entity43 ). The secondary objectives included assessing clinical activity and @entity137 and determining the association between biochemical and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Twenty-four heavily pretreated @entity1 with @entity43 who had good end-organ function and performance status and who had measurable disease received @entity4562 500 mg daily. Prospectively planned core-needle @entity5 biopsies were obtained before treatment and after 4 weeks. Protein expression of total and phosphorylated (p) @entity470 ( @entity470 ), @entity25449 ( @entity584 ), and extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) was quantified in microdissected @entity5 cells using tissue lysate array proteomics. RESULTS: All @entity5 samples had detectable levels of @entity470 and p- @entity470 . A decrease in the quantity of both @entity470 and p- @entity470 was observed with @entity4562 therapy in >50% of @entity1 . This was not associated with clinical benefit, nor were responses observed. However, trends for increased @entity344 were observed with greater phosphorylation or quantities of @entity470 , ERK, and @entity584 in @entity5 samples (P </= .05). @entity4562 had limited clinical activity as monotherapy despite documented target inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study demonstrated that @entity4562 inhibited the phosphorylation of @entity470 in @entity43 @entity5 cells, providing proof of target in a clinical setting. Combinatorial therapy with molecular therapeutics against complementary targets may prove successful.

2098563

2098564

2098565

Metronomic chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

multiple_choice

CONTEXT: To assess the feasibility of metronomic chemotherapy in the palliative care setting. AIMS: To study the @entity137 profile and efficacy of metronomic chemotherapy for palliation in oral @entity5 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects receiving metronomic chemotherapy from August 2010 to January 2011 for @entity5 subjected to certain criteria were included. Metronomic chemotherapy offered was a combination of twice daily @entity12698 200 mg and weekly @entity1499 15 mg/m 2 .The chemotherapy was continued till disease progression, intolerable side effects or @entity1 ' desire to stop. The @entity137 profile was reported in accordance with common terminology criteria for adverse events (CTCAE) version 4.02. The efficacy was noted in terms of symptom control, response rates, progression free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: SPSS version 16 has been utilized. Descriptive analysis has been presented. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed for estimation of the PFS and @entity1349 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 with a median age of 50.5 years, 13 males and 5 females, participated in the study. Five @entity1 had received no previous treatment while the rest had some form of previous treatment. ECOG performance status was 1 in 14 @entity1 and 2 in 4 @entity1 . Grade 3-4 @entity33 was seen in one @entity1 . Clinical benefit rate was 66.67%. The estimated median PFS and median @entity1349 were 5.2 months and not reached respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Use of metronomic chemotherapy seems promising and well tolerated in this setting. Large trials are warranted to confirm these results.

2098566

2098567

2098568

Salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels in XXXX and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a biochemical and clinicopathological study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the third most common form of @entity5 in India. In many cases it develops at the site of @entity75 . Transformation of normal tissue to @entity75 and further to @entity5 results in alteration in glycolytic pathway and hence the @entity880 dehydrogenase levels. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the changes in the salivary alterations in @entity880 dehydrogenase (LD) levels @entity8407 ( @entity8407 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 reporting to department of oral medicine and radiology, were enrolled into the study which includes 25 @entity1 each of @entity8407 , 25 of @entity5 and 25 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Unstimulated whole saliva measuring 1 mL will be collected from each of these @entity1 by spit method in centrifuged and evaluated for LDH levels using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 17. RESULTS: The mean salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were higher in males in comparison to females in all three study groups @entity8407 , @entity5 and @entity23 . The salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels in the controls group, @entity8407 group and @entity5 were 79.50 4.67 IU/L, 136.46 3.36 IU/L and 148.77 4.83 IU/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean salivary levels of the above groups. CONCLUSION: Salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels are consistently higher in oral precancer and @entity5 hence it could be future marker.

2098569

2098570

2098571

Salivary XXXX dehydrogenase levels in @entity8407 and oral squamous cell carcinoma: a biochemical and clinicopathological study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the third most common form of @entity5 in India. In many cases it develops at the site of @entity75 . Transformation of normal tissue to @entity75 and further to @entity5 results in alteration in glycolytic pathway and hence the @entity880 dehydrogenase levels. Therefore, a study was carried out to determine the changes in the salivary alterations in @entity880 dehydrogenase (LD) levels @entity8407 ( @entity8407 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Seventy-five @entity1 reporting to department of oral medicine and radiology, were enrolled into the study which includes 25 @entity1 each of @entity8407 , 25 of @entity5 and 25 @entity23 ( @entity23 ). Unstimulated whole saliva measuring 1 mL will be collected from each of these @entity1 by spit method in centrifuged and evaluated for LDH levels using the standard kit method. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using the SPSS software version 17. RESULTS: The mean salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were higher in males in comparison to females in all three study groups @entity8407 , @entity5 and @entity23 . The salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels in the controls group, @entity8407 group and @entity5 were 79.50 4.67 IU/L, 136.46 3.36 IU/L and 148.77 4.83 IU/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in the mean salivary levels of the above groups. CONCLUSION: Salivary @entity880 dehydrogenase levels are consistently higher in oral precancer and @entity5 hence it could be future marker.

2098572

2098573

2098574

Delays in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIMS: To investigate patterns of delays among @entity1 with @entity1149 and to identify reasons for the delays. METHODS: This prospective study included 101 @entity1 with @entity1149 . Clinical files of the @entity1 were analyzed and a questionnaire was created to obtain data. Several time intervals and delays were determined for each @entity1 . The reasons for the delays were also evaluated. RESULTS: The mean time was 59.9 days for the application interval, 40.3 days for the referral interval, 16.4 days for the diagnostic interval, and 24.7 days for the treatment interval. The application interval was longer than 30 days ( @entity1 's delay) in 48 @entity1 (48.5%). There was a doctor delay in 54 (53.5%) @entity1 , a referral delay in 47 (46.5%) @entity1 , a diagnostic delay in 37 (36.6%) @entity1 , and a treatment delay in 57 (56.4%) @entity1 . The mean total time was 119.6 days. Sixty-two @entity1 (62.6%) had a total delay. The most common reason for @entity1 's delay was neglect of symptoms by @entity1 . A low index of suspicion for @entity2 was the most common cause for referral delay. The low performance of diagnostic tests was the frequent reason for diagnostic delay. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 's and doctor's delays were a common problem among @entity1 with @entity1149 . The rate of doctor's delay was higher than that of @entity1 's delay. Several efforts such as education of the physicians and @entity1 about @entity2 should be made to reduce these delays.

2098575

2098576

2098577

Interaction of counseling rapport and topics discussed in sessions with XXXX treatment clients.

multiple_choice

Therapeutic rapport between counselors and clients in drug user treatment has been shown to be an important predictor of follow-up outcomes. This naturalistic study investigated the relationship of counseling rapport to drug-related topics discussed in counseling sessions in a sample of 330 clients and nine counselors. These @entity2798 had been admitted to a private, for-profit outpatient @entity284 treatment in Texas between September 1995 and August 1997 and received no-fee services for a year for participation in this study. The data were gathered using forms in the TCU community treatment assessments (www.ibr.tcu.edu) that measured intake information, counseling session topics, and counselor evaluation of the client. A majority were males, Hispanic, had a pending legal status and the average age was 39. Co-occurring @entity734 for these heroin users included @entity2072 (38%) and @entity167 (31%). The results supported the hypothesis that higher rapport would be associated with addressing clients in a more "supportive approach" that emphasized relapse prevention and strengths-building while lower rapport would be associated with a punitive counseling style that stressed program rules and compliance. The influences of client background, counselor differences, and during-treatment positive urines were also examined. Although counselors differed in their general manner of dealing with clients, each also showed flexibility determined in part by client behavior (such as continued @entity2072 use). The findings indicate that focusing on constructive solutions is the preferred counseling approach.

2098578

2098579

2098580

The use of @entity5418 suspension in the treatment of XXXX of Beh et disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of topically applied @entity5418 suspension in the treatment of @entity9645 of Beh et disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study at a university referral center. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with @entity2403 were included in the study. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were given topical @entity5418 or placebo 4 times a day for 3 months and examined clinically at biweekly intervals. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: For each lesion, the mean frequency, healing time, and @entity158 were evaluated during the pretreatment, treatment, and follow-up periods. No @entity1 were given any concurrent disease-specific or immunosuppressive topical and systemic drugs during the 9-month study period. RESULTS: Of the 40 @entity1 included in the study, the results in 30 @entity1 (16 @entity1 treated with @entity5418 and 14 @entity1 treated with placebo, ranging in age from 16 to 52 years [mean+/-SD age, 34.3+/-8.1 years]) were evaluable for efficacy. Treatment with @entity5418 decreased significantly the mean frequency, healing time, and @entity158 of oral ulceration and healing time and @entity158 compared with the pretreatment period. The effectiveness of @entity5418 on the frequency and healing time of oral ulceration continued during the post-treatment period. In the placebo group, no significant difference was found in measured parameters of @entity9645 except the @entity158 of the oral ulceration between the pretreatment and treatment periods. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that topical @entity5418 suspension is an easy, safe, inexpensive, and effective treatment for @entity9645 in @entity1 with Beh et disease.

2098581

2098582

2098583

The use of XXXX suspension in the treatment of @entity9645 of Beh et disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of topically applied @entity5418 suspension in the treatment of @entity9645 of Beh et disease. DESIGN AND SETTING: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study at a university referral center. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 with @entity2403 were included in the study. INTERVENTION: @entity1 were given topical @entity5418 or placebo 4 times a day for 3 months and examined clinically at biweekly intervals. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: For each lesion, the mean frequency, healing time, and @entity158 were evaluated during the pretreatment, treatment, and follow-up periods. No @entity1 were given any concurrent disease-specific or immunosuppressive topical and systemic drugs during the 9-month study period. RESULTS: Of the 40 @entity1 included in the study, the results in 30 @entity1 (16 @entity1 treated with @entity5418 and 14 @entity1 treated with placebo, ranging in age from 16 to 52 years [mean+/-SD age, 34.3+/-8.1 years]) were evaluable for efficacy. Treatment with @entity5418 decreased significantly the mean frequency, healing time, and @entity158 of oral ulceration and healing time and @entity158 compared with the pretreatment period. The effectiveness of @entity5418 on the frequency and healing time of oral ulceration continued during the post-treatment period. In the placebo group, no significant difference was found in measured parameters of @entity9645 except the @entity158 of the oral ulceration between the pretreatment and treatment periods. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that topical @entity5418 suspension is an easy, safe, inexpensive, and effective treatment for @entity9645 in @entity1 with Beh et disease.

2098584

2098585

2098586

Rapid screening of specific changes in mRNA in @entity259 by sequence specific-differential display: decreased expression of acid ceramidase mRNA in malignant and benign XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) is a powerful method for screening significant changes in gene expression between normal and malignant tissues. Using this method, we detected 3 genes for which the expression is much decreased in @entity259 . After sub-cloning and sequencing analysis, one of the genes was revealed to be acid ceramidase (AC). The expression of AC in normal thyroids and @entity259 was examined by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). Obvious decreases in the expression of AC mRNA were observed in 5/6 @entity652 , 2/2 adenomatous @entity189 . To confirm this result, real-time quantitative PCR analysis (TaqMan PCR) was carried out. The relative expression level of AC mRNA compared with that of @entity7501 mRNA was reduced in @entity652 , @entity189 , and @entity1377 . Further, the expression of AC mRNA was extremely reduced in 2 @entity189 . These results suggest a possible relationship between thyroid tumorigenesis and the expression of AC mRNA. Moreover, the increased expression of AC mRNA in normal thyroid tissues suggests some fundamental roles of AC in thyroid function.

2098587

2098588

2098589

Rapid screening of specific changes in mRNA in XXXX by sequence specific-differential display: decreased expression of acid ceramidase mRNA in malignant and benign @entity259 .

multiple_choice

@entity4998 ( @entity4998 ) is a powerful method for screening significant changes in gene expression between normal and malignant tissues. Using this method, we detected 3 genes for which the expression is much decreased in @entity259 . After sub-cloning and sequencing analysis, one of the genes was revealed to be acid ceramidase (AC). The expression of AC in normal thyroids and @entity259 was examined by semi-quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). Obvious decreases in the expression of AC mRNA were observed in 5/6 @entity652 , 2/2 adenomatous @entity189 . To confirm this result, real-time quantitative PCR analysis (TaqMan PCR) was carried out. The relative expression level of AC mRNA compared with that of @entity7501 mRNA was reduced in @entity652 , @entity189 , and @entity1377 . Further, the expression of AC mRNA was extremely reduced in 2 @entity189 . These results suggest a possible relationship between thyroid tumorigenesis and the expression of AC mRNA. Moreover, the increased expression of AC mRNA in normal thyroid tissues suggests some fundamental roles of AC in thyroid function.

2098590

2098591

2098592

@entity205 treatment of @entity134 -refractory XXXX during pregnancy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity205 is considered a safe and effective treatment of severe @entity134 -refractory @entity31 ( @entity31 ). However, few data are available concerning its safety profile in pregnant @entity1 . We report here the experience of 5 GETAID centers. METHODS: In a retrospective study data on @entity1 with severe @entity31 treated with @entity205 during pregnancy were extracted from medical records of consecutive @entity1 treated between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (median age 30.5 years old) were identified. At the time of flare-up the median duration of pregnancy was 11.5 weeks of gestation (range 4-25). Seven @entity1 had pancolitis. All @entity1 had more than 3 commonly used clinical and biological severity criteria. Three @entity1 had severe @entity75 and 5 @entity1 had not. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity288 for at least 7 days before introduction of @entity205 . Two @entity1 received @entity500 during treatment with @entity205 . No severe @entity281 or other complications due to treatment were observed. Treatment was effective in 7/8 @entity1 . One @entity1 received infliximab due to @entity205 therapy failure with a good outcome. No colectomy was performed during pregnancy. Seven pregnancies were conducted to term, but 1 in utero @entity204 occurred due to maternal absence of @entity4732 . Two newborns were premature, including 1 case of hypotrophy. No @entity600 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, treatment with @entity205 for @entity134 -refractory @entity31 during pregnancy can be considered safe and effective.

2098593

2098594

2098595

@entity205 treatment of XXXX -refractory @entity31 during pregnancy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity205 is considered a safe and effective treatment of severe @entity134 -refractory @entity31 ( @entity31 ). However, few data are available concerning its safety profile in pregnant @entity1 . We report here the experience of 5 GETAID centers. METHODS: In a retrospective study data on @entity1 with severe @entity31 treated with @entity205 during pregnancy were extracted from medical records of consecutive @entity1 treated between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (median age 30.5 years old) were identified. At the time of flare-up the median duration of pregnancy was 11.5 weeks of gestation (range 4-25). Seven @entity1 had pancolitis. All @entity1 had more than 3 commonly used clinical and biological severity criteria. Three @entity1 had severe @entity75 and 5 @entity1 had not. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity288 for at least 7 days before introduction of @entity205 . Two @entity1 received @entity500 during treatment with @entity205 . No severe @entity281 or other complications due to treatment were observed. Treatment was effective in 7/8 @entity1 . One @entity1 received infliximab due to @entity205 therapy failure with a good outcome. No colectomy was performed during pregnancy. Seven pregnancies were conducted to term, but 1 in utero @entity204 occurred due to maternal absence of @entity4732 . Two newborns were premature, including 1 case of hypotrophy. No @entity600 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, treatment with @entity205 for @entity134 -refractory @entity31 during pregnancy can be considered safe and effective.

2098596

2098597

2098598

XXXX treatment of @entity134 -refractory @entity31 during pregnancy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity205 is considered a safe and effective treatment of severe @entity134 -refractory @entity31 ( @entity31 ). However, few data are available concerning its safety profile in pregnant @entity1 . We report here the experience of 5 GETAID centers. METHODS: In a retrospective study data on @entity1 with severe @entity31 treated with @entity205 during pregnancy were extracted from medical records of consecutive @entity1 treated between 2001 and 2007. RESULTS: Eight @entity1 (median age 30.5 years old) were identified. At the time of flare-up the median duration of pregnancy was 11.5 weeks of gestation (range 4-25). Seven @entity1 had pancolitis. All @entity1 had more than 3 commonly used clinical and biological severity criteria. Three @entity1 had severe @entity75 and 5 @entity1 had not. All @entity1 received intravenous @entity288 for at least 7 days before introduction of @entity205 . Two @entity1 received @entity500 during treatment with @entity205 . No severe @entity281 or other complications due to treatment were observed. Treatment was effective in 7/8 @entity1 . One @entity1 received infliximab due to @entity205 therapy failure with a good outcome. No colectomy was performed during pregnancy. Seven pregnancies were conducted to term, but 1 in utero @entity204 occurred due to maternal absence of @entity4732 . Two newborns were premature, including 1 case of hypotrophy. No @entity600 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, treatment with @entity205 for @entity134 -refractory @entity31 during pregnancy can be considered safe and effective.

2098599

2098600

2098601

Anti-proliferative effect of radiolabelled octreotide in a XXXX model in @entity35 liver.

multiple_choice

Most @entity5 and several other @entity5 , such as @entity0 and @entity706 , express @entity1943 receptors (SS-Rs). Lesions expressing these receptors can be visualised by receptor scintigraphy using a low radioactive dose of the radiolabelled SS analogue [111In-DTPA0]octreotide. This radioligand is internalised and transported to the lysosomes with a long residence time of 111In. The aim of this experimental study in @entity35 was to investigate whether the same agent, given in a high radioactive dose, can be used for therapy of hepatic @entity3 of different @entity5 cell lines. The development of hepatic @entity3 was determined 21 days after direct injection of SS-R-positive or -negative @entity5 cells into the vena porta in @entity35 . On day 1 and/or 8, animals were treated with 370 MBq (0.5 microg) [111In-DTPA0]octreotide. In one experiment, using SS-R-positive @entity5 cells, animals were pre-treated with a high dose of cold octreotide to block the SS-R by saturation. The number of SS-R-positive liver @entity3 was significantly decreased after treatment with @entity39259 . Blocking the SS-R by octreotide substantially decreased the efficacy of treatment with @entity39259 , suggesting that the presence of SS-R is mandatory. This was confirmed by the finding that the number of SS-R-negative liver @entity3 was not affected by treatment with @entity39259 . Therefore, we conclude that (i) high radioactive doses of @entity39259 for PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) can inhibit the growth of SS-R-positive liver @entity3 in an animal model, (ii) PRRT is effective only if SS-Rs are present on the @entity5 , (iii) the effect of PRRT with @entity39259 can be reduced by pre-treatment with cold octreotide, which indicates that receptor binding is essential for PRRT. Our data suggest that PRRT with radiolabelled octreotide might be a new promising treatment modality for SS-R-positive @entity5 .

2098602

2098603

2098604

Anti-proliferative effect of radiolabelled octreotide in a @entity3 model in XXXX liver.

multiple_choice

Most @entity5 and several other @entity5 , such as @entity0 and @entity706 , express @entity1943 receptors (SS-Rs). Lesions expressing these receptors can be visualised by receptor scintigraphy using a low radioactive dose of the radiolabelled SS analogue [111In-DTPA0]octreotide. This radioligand is internalised and transported to the lysosomes with a long residence time of 111In. The aim of this experimental study in @entity35 was to investigate whether the same agent, given in a high radioactive dose, can be used for therapy of hepatic @entity3 of different @entity5 cell lines. The development of hepatic @entity3 was determined 21 days after direct injection of SS-R-positive or -negative @entity5 cells into the vena porta in @entity35 . On day 1 and/or 8, animals were treated with 370 MBq (0.5 microg) [111In-DTPA0]octreotide. In one experiment, using SS-R-positive @entity5 cells, animals were pre-treated with a high dose of cold octreotide to block the SS-R by saturation. The number of SS-R-positive liver @entity3 was significantly decreased after treatment with @entity39259 . Blocking the SS-R by octreotide substantially decreased the efficacy of treatment with @entity39259 , suggesting that the presence of SS-R is mandatory. This was confirmed by the finding that the number of SS-R-negative liver @entity3 was not affected by treatment with @entity39259 . Therefore, we conclude that (i) high radioactive doses of @entity39259 for PRRT (peptide receptor radionuclide therapy) can inhibit the growth of SS-R-positive liver @entity3 in an animal model, (ii) PRRT is effective only if SS-Rs are present on the @entity5 , (iii) the effect of PRRT with @entity39259 can be reduced by pre-treatment with cold octreotide, which indicates that receptor binding is essential for PRRT. Our data suggest that PRRT with radiolabelled octreotide might be a new promising treatment modality for SS-R-positive @entity5 .

2098605

2098606

2098607

[A clinical study on the diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy and multiple-detector computer tomography in obscure XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy (CE) and multiple-detector computer tomography (MDCT) in obscure @entity360 . METHODS: The diagnostic value of CE was compared with that of MDCT in @entity1 with obscure @entity360 . 60 @entity1 (35 @entity1 , 25 @entity1 ; mean age 53.8 years, range 17 - 84 years) with obscure @entity360 were enrolled in the study. All underwent gastroscopy and colonoscopy, but definite diagnosis was not made, then all of them underwent MDCT followed by CE. RESULTS: Natural excretion of the capsule occurred in 58 (96.7%) @entity1 . CE identified positive findings in 36 (60.0%) @entity1 and MDCT identified positive findings in 23 (38.3%) @entity1 , P < 0.01. One @entity1 was found to have 2 lesions simultaneously with CE. CE combined with MDCT identified positive findings in 40 (66.7%) @entity1 . When this result was compared with that of CE, P > 0.05; whereas, compared with MDCT, P < 0.01. 28 @entity1 underwent operations at last; the lesions accounting for @entity548 all located in small intestine (16 in jejunum, 12 in ileum). CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic yield of CE was higher than that of MDCT in @entity1 of obscure @entity360 . Combining CE with MDCT did not increase the diagnostic yield in obscure @entity360 . However, MDCT showed more @entity75 , it is suggested that @entity1 with obscure @entity360 be examined not only with CE but also MDCT.

2098608

2098609

2098610

[Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for aggressive XXXX ].

multiple_choice

To evaluate the results of @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in @entity1 with @entity1892 ( @entity1893 ). Between 1991 and 2004, 25 @entity1 who did not achieve complete remission and 26 in complete remission from conventional chemotherapy received HDC-ASCT. Of 25 @entity1 with refractory @entity1893 ,14 were chemotherapy-sensitive before @entity2101 -ASCT and 11 were chemotherapy-resistant. CR was achieved after HDC-ASCT in 50% of 14 chemotherapy sensitive @entity1 and in none of 11 chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 . The 5-year probability of event-free survival for chemotherapy-sensitive and chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 was 51.3% and 20.8%, respectively (p<0.05, log-rank test). Moreover, the 5-year probability of event-free survival for @entity1 in the low-risk group with International Prognostic Index (IPI) and in the high-risk group with IPI was 75.0% and 16.3%, respectively (p<0.05, log-rank test). @entity2101 -ASCT should be considered for @entity1 with @entity146 who are chemotherapy-sensitive rather than chemotherapy-resistant. Twenty-six @entity1 in complete remission received consolidation therapy with @entity2101 -ASCT. The 5-year probability of disease-free survival for @entity1 in the low-risk group and in the high-risk group was 68.8% and 60.0%,respectively (p = 0.9 6). @entity2101 -ASCT should be considered for @entity1 at high risk who achieve complete remission after induction treatment. In future, @entity2101 -ASCT combined with rituximab as induction therapy or as consolidation therapy is needed for @entity1 with aggressive @entity1893 in the high-risk group.

2098611

2098612

2098613

American culture and euthanasia. The changing definition of a " XXXX ".

multiple_choice

Divisions run deep in contemporary America over the issue of assisted suicide or mercy killing. The active, directly intended, and freely chosen self-destruction that was once unspeakable has become speakable. A recent best-seller providing "how-to" information on suicide; Initiative 119 in Washington State, which would allow "aid-in-dying"; and other publications and polls indicate that the proponents of mercy killing may have won over American culture, or at least established a dominant foothold. One of the chief criticisms of policies that permit mercy killing and assisted suicide is that they inevitably encourage suicide among those who are neither terminally ill nor suffering from physical @entity158 . American culture is extreme in its desire to eliminate suffering. In a culture that can no longer depend on religious insights into @entity1 suffering, all kinds of preemptive strikes against suffering seem inevitable. The success of proponents of euthanasia is an indirect indictment of a healthcare system that fails to provide good palliative care and support. In our curative and rescue-oriented healthcare system, management of @entity158 is not a priority. And our society also undervalues caring in its most basic sense. It is not so much death as the absence of caring and the denial of reality that may be the enemy. The desire to control @entity158 has always been valid, but not the desire to press control so far as to directly cause death itself. @entity204 by lethal injection is best understood as a tyranny of technological control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

2098614

2098615

2098616

A new mitral valve repair strategy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Previously, surgery @entity1121 ( @entity1121 ) has consisted primarily of septal myectomy and/or resection of the anterior mitral leaflet with low-profile valve replacement. However, recent studies have shown that the anterior papillary muscle and chordal fan can contribute to obstruction, and also that significant @entity339 ( @entity339 ) may be encountered. Hence, a surgical procedure was devised to address all components of this disorder. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity1 had a history of heart murmur and NYHA class IV symptoms, despite beta-blocker therapy. Echocardiography showed severe @entity1184 , @entity299 ( @entity299 ) of the mitral valve, severe @entity339 and a 185 mmHg resting outflow tract gradient. At surgery, the anterior papillary muscle was found to be medially displaced and contributing to outflow obstruction. The anterior papillary muscle and chordae were resected, a 'traditional' septal myectomy was performed, and a full annuloplasty ring placed. The mitral valve was repaired by connecting the left aspect of the leaflets to the posterior papillary muscles, using Gore-Tex artificial chords. RESULTS: The @entity1 recovered uneventfully. Interval echocardiography at one year showed a negligible outflow gradient, relief of @entity299 and mild residual @entity339 . The @entity1 currently is active, essentially asymptomatic, and not receiving any medical therapy. CONCLUSION: Previous approaches to @entity1121 have been limited by a small incidence of recurrent outflow gradients, pacemaker requirement, persistent @entity339 or complications of the prosthetic valves. By comprehensively addressing all components of @entity3585 , this combined procedure may produce better results in certain subsets of @entity1121 , with the excellent late prognosis of artificial chordal replacement.

2098617

2098618

2098619

Importance of serum @entity8923 and @entity5737 as markers for XXXX progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ), a cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper response, acts as an angiogenic factor and a @entity5 suppressor. @entity5737 (regulated upon activation normal T-cells expressed and secreted) is a member of the C-C chemokine family with chemoattractant activity for a variety of cell types. High incidence and intensity of @entity5737 were noted in advanced @entity0 . AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate the levels of @entity5737 and @entity8923 in serum of @entity0 @entity1 with bone or other organ @entity3 compared to @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and healthy controls and to estimate the role of each of them as a prognostic marker for the progression of the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 @entity0 @entity1 (25 cases with no @entity3 and 35 cases with @entity3 ) who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the NCI, Cairo University during the period from March 2004 to September 2004 and 30 apparently healthy controls who were volunteers at the blood bank of the NCI, Cairo University. RESULTS: Showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the level of @entity8923 in @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) while there was a highly significant difference between the metastatic group and the control group (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in @entity8923 levels between metastatic and non-metastatic cases (p<0.01). @entity5737 showed a significant @entity0 cases with no @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) and it showed a highly significant increase in metastatic @entity1 compared to controls (p<0.001). There was no significant increase in the level of @entity5737 in metastatic compared to non-metastatic @entity1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 is an important non invasive marker suspecting @entity3 . Even though @entity5737 levels were higher in @entity5 @entity1 compared to controls, its role in staging of @entity0 was not clear in this study.

2098620

2098621

2098622

Importance of serum XXXX and @entity5737 as markers for @entity0 progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ), a cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper response, acts as an angiogenic factor and a @entity5 suppressor. @entity5737 (regulated upon activation normal T-cells expressed and secreted) is a member of the C-C chemokine family with chemoattractant activity for a variety of cell types. High incidence and intensity of @entity5737 were noted in advanced @entity0 . AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate the levels of @entity5737 and @entity8923 in serum of @entity0 @entity1 with bone or other organ @entity3 compared to @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and healthy controls and to estimate the role of each of them as a prognostic marker for the progression of the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 @entity0 @entity1 (25 cases with no @entity3 and 35 cases with @entity3 ) who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the NCI, Cairo University during the period from March 2004 to September 2004 and 30 apparently healthy controls who were volunteers at the blood bank of the NCI, Cairo University. RESULTS: Showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the level of @entity8923 in @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) while there was a highly significant difference between the metastatic group and the control group (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in @entity8923 levels between metastatic and non-metastatic cases (p<0.01). @entity5737 showed a significant @entity0 cases with no @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) and it showed a highly significant increase in metastatic @entity1 compared to controls (p<0.001). There was no significant increase in the level of @entity5737 in metastatic compared to non-metastatic @entity1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 is an important non invasive marker suspecting @entity3 . Even though @entity5737 levels were higher in @entity5 @entity1 compared to controls, its role in staging of @entity0 was not clear in this study.

2098623

2098624

2098625

Importance of serum @entity8923 and XXXX as markers for @entity0 progression.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity8923 ( @entity8923 ), a cytokine that plays an important role in the T-cell-helper response, acts as an angiogenic factor and a @entity5 suppressor. @entity5737 (regulated upon activation normal T-cells expressed and secreted) is a member of the C-C chemokine family with chemoattractant activity for a variety of cell types. High incidence and intensity of @entity5737 were noted in advanced @entity0 . AIM OF THE STUDY: To correlate the levels of @entity5737 and @entity8923 in serum of @entity0 @entity1 with bone or other organ @entity3 compared to @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and healthy controls and to estimate the role of each of them as a prognostic marker for the progression of the disease. @entity1 AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 60 @entity0 @entity1 (25 cases with no @entity3 and 35 cases with @entity3 ) who were admitted to the outpatient clinic of the NCI, Cairo University during the period from March 2004 to September 2004 and 30 apparently healthy controls who were volunteers at the blood bank of the NCI, Cairo University. RESULTS: Showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the level of @entity8923 in @entity0 @entity1 without @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) while there was a highly significant difference between the metastatic group and the control group (p<0.001). There was a significant increase in @entity8923 levels between metastatic and non-metastatic cases (p<0.01). @entity5737 showed a significant @entity0 cases with no @entity3 and the control group (p<0.05) and it showed a highly significant increase in metastatic @entity1 compared to controls (p<0.001). There was no significant increase in the level of @entity5737 in metastatic compared to non-metastatic @entity1 (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity8923 is an important non invasive marker suspecting @entity3 . Even though @entity5737 levels were higher in @entity5 @entity1 compared to controls, its role in staging of @entity0 was not clear in this study.

2098626

2098627

2098628

Effects of salinity on photosynthetic pigments, respiration, and water content in two XXXX varieties.

multiple_choice

Salinity ( @entity1219 Stress) was applied with 50, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM @entity1219 . The shoot and root respiration of two @entity2247 cultivars ( @entity2247 . variety Afzal and variety EMB82-12) were determined in various concentrations of @entity1219 . Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content were significantly decreased, but carotenoids content increased under salinity. Decrease of chlorophyll content in EMB82-12 was higher than Afzal, but carotenoids content in Afzal variety was higher than EMB82-12. Relative Water Content (RWC) was used to indicate the degree of stress. @entity26 uptake declined in shoot and root with increasing @entity1219 concentrations. Decrease of @entity26 uptake in shoot and root of EMB82-12 variety was higher than Afzal variety. RWC decreased with increasing @entity1219 concentrations. Lowering of RWC reduced growth and increased shoot/root ratio. Decrease of water content in EMB82-12 plants was higher than Afzal plants. Shoot/root ratio in EMB82-12 variety was higher than Afzal.

2098629

2098630

2098631

Repeat hepatectomy for recurrent XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: Liver resection represents the best and potentially curative treatment for @entity14 ( @entity14 ) to the liver. After resection, however, most @entity1 develop recurrent disease, often isolated to the liver. The aim of this study was to determine the value of repeat liver resection for recurrent @entity14 and to analyze the factors that can predict survival. @entity1 AND METHODS: From January 1992 to October 2002, 42 @entity1 from a group of 168 @entity1 resected for @entity14 were submitted to 55 repeat hepatectomies (42 second, 11 third, and 2 fourth hepatectomies). Records were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity5 was @entity694 in 26 @entity1 and @entity188 in 16 @entity1 . Liver metastases were synchronous in 24 @entity1 (57.1%). RESULTS: There were 25 @entity1 and 17 @entity1 with the mean age of 63.5 years (range: 34-80). There was no intraoperative or postoperative mortality. The morbidity rates were 9.5%, 14.3%, and 18.2% (P = 0.6) respectively after a first, second, or third hepatectomies. No @entity1 needed reoperation. Operative duration was longer after a second or third hepatectomie than after a first hepatectomie without difference for @entity548 . Overall 5-year survivals were 33%, 21%, and 36% respectively after a first, second, or third hepatectomies. Factors of prognostic value on univariate analysis included serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels (P = 0.01) during the first hepatectomy, the presence of @entity6687 (P = 0.05) and @entity5 size larger than 5 cm (P = 0.04) during the second hepatectomie. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat hepatectomies can provide long-term survival rates similar to those of first hepatectomies.

2098632

2098633

2098634

@entity3444 treated with local XXXX injection: comparison between sonographic and palpation guidance.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of sonographically guided and palpation-guided @entity134 injection for the treatment of @entity3444 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity3444 were recruited and randomly divided into a sonographically guided group (n = 12) and palpation-guided group (n = 13). @entity4094 was assessed with a 5- to 12-MHz linear-array transducer. @entity158 intensity was quantified using a "tenderness threshold" (TT) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Injection of 7 mg (1 ml) of @entity5935 and 0.5 ml of 1% @entity3303 into the inflamed @entity4094 was performed under the guidance of sonography or palpation. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and sonographically before injection and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after injection. VAS- and TT-measured @entity158 intensity, thickness, and echogenicity of the @entity4094 , as well as the recurrence of @entity158 , were assessed. RESULTS: Both VAS- and TT-measured levels of @entity158 improved significantly after @entity134 injection in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the thickness decreased significantly after injection (p < 0.01 in the palpation-guided group; p < 0.001 in the sonographically guided group). The number of @entity1 with hypoechogenicity at the @entity4094 decreased after @entity134 injection in both groups (p < 0.01 for both groups). The recurrence rate of @entity3444 in @entity1 of the palpation-guided group (6/13) was significantly higher than that of the sonographically guided group (1/12) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 injection can be an effective way to treat @entity3444 , and injection under sonographic guidance is associated with lower recurrence of @entity158 .

2098635

2098636

2098637

XXXX treated with local @entity134 injection: comparison between sonographic and palpation guidance.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of sonographically guided and palpation-guided @entity134 injection for the treatment of @entity3444 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive @entity1 with unilateral @entity3444 were recruited and randomly divided into a sonographically guided group (n = 12) and palpation-guided group (n = 13). @entity4094 was assessed with a 5- to 12-MHz linear-array transducer. @entity158 intensity was quantified using a "tenderness threshold" (TT) and a visual analog scale (VAS). Injection of 7 mg (1 ml) of @entity5935 and 0.5 ml of 1% @entity3303 into the inflamed @entity4094 was performed under the guidance of sonography or palpation. @entity1 were evaluated clinically and sonographically before injection and at 2 weeks, 2 months, and 1 year after injection. VAS- and TT-measured @entity158 intensity, thickness, and echogenicity of the @entity4094 , as well as the recurrence of @entity158 , were assessed. RESULTS: Both VAS- and TT-measured levels of @entity158 improved significantly after @entity134 injection in both groups (p < 0.001). Also, the thickness decreased significantly after injection (p < 0.01 in the palpation-guided group; p < 0.001 in the sonographically guided group). The number of @entity1 with hypoechogenicity at the @entity4094 decreased after @entity134 injection in both groups (p < 0.01 for both groups). The recurrence rate of @entity3444 in @entity1 of the palpation-guided group (6/13) was significantly higher than that of the sonographically guided group (1/12) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity134 injection can be an effective way to treat @entity3444 , and injection under sonographic guidance is associated with lower recurrence of @entity158 .

2098638

2098639

2098640

The influence of risk estimates obtained from XXXX on amniocentesis rates.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of Down syndrome risk estimates obtained from @entity7310 ( @entity7310 ) on @entity1 's choices regarding amniocentesis. METHODS: @entity1 who screened positive for Down syndrome by an Ontario @entity7310 program between 1993 and 1998 were grouped on the basis of their risk estimate and ethnicity. Amniocentesis uptake rates between the groups were compared in order to determine how the @entity7310 risk estimate influenced uptake. RESULTS: Analysis of 16 792 @entity1 showed that amniocentesis uptake rates increased as the estimated risk increased. Uptake in @entity1 < or = 35 was higher than that for older @entity1 (70% vs 60%, p = 0.001). Uptake in Caucasian and Asian @entity1 was higher than the uptake in Black @entity1 (67% vs 49%, p = 0.001). @entity1 aged 35 years or older were more likely to proceed with amniocentesis if the @entity7310 risk estimate was higher than their age-specific risk. CONCLUSION: The increase in amniocentesis rate paralleled the increase in @entity7310 risk estimate for Down syndrome. Risk-specific amniocentesis rates are higher in @entity1 aged less than 35 years. @entity1 aged 35 years or older whose risk estimate by @entity7310 is lower than their age-specific risk are less likely to opt for amniocentesis.

2098641

2098642

2098643

XXXX nuclear magnetic resonance study of glycogen resynthesis in muscle after glycogen-depleting exercise in healthy @entity1 receiving an infusion of lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In healthy individuals, glycogen recovery after a strong depletion is known to be rapid and insulin independent during the initial phase, and subsequently, slow and insulin dependent. Free @entity1718 (FFAs) as a putative source of insulin resistance (IR) could thus impair glycogen recovery during the second period. Using in vivo @entity7352 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we studied the effect of long-chain @entity412 emulsion on gastrocnemius glycogen resynthesis during a 3-h recovery period after 90 min of moderate exercise consisting of @entity1411 on overnight-fasted healthy @entity1 (n = 8). In separate experiments, each subject was infused with 10% Ivelip (0.015 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or 10% @entity653 (0.13 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). NMR spectra were acquired before and at the end of the exercise and during the recovery period. Whole-body @entity413 and lipid oxidation rates (indirect calorimetry), plasma insulin, C-peptide, @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity4322 , @entity1674 , and FFAs were determined. Glycogen consumption was 47.6 +/- 4.5% ( @entity653 ) and 49.7 +/- 4.8% (Ivelip) of the initial glycogen. An acquired IR in the Ivelip group was significant at the onset of the recovery period by homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.002). Glycogen resynthesis in the @entity653 group appeared faster during the 1st h than during the subsequent 2nd h of the postexercise period. The glycogen resynthesis level was significantly lower in the Ivelip group than in the @entity653 group during the recovery period (P = 0.04 during the 1st h and P = 0.001 during the next 2 h). During the recovery, plasma lactate and whole-body oxidation rates were similar in the two groups, whereas glycemia was significantly higher in the Ivelip group. A decreased cellular uptake of @entity413 as a substrate for glycogenosynthesis, rather than a competition between oxidation of @entity1735 and FFA, is discussed.

2098644

2098645

2098646

@entity7352 nuclear magnetic resonance study of glycogen resynthesis in muscle after glycogen-depleting exercise in healthy XXXX receiving an infusion of lipid emulsion.

multiple_choice

In healthy individuals, glycogen recovery after a strong depletion is known to be rapid and insulin independent during the initial phase, and subsequently, slow and insulin dependent. Free @entity1718 (FFAs) as a putative source of insulin resistance (IR) could thus impair glycogen recovery during the second period. Using in vivo @entity7352 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we studied the effect of long-chain @entity412 emulsion on gastrocnemius glycogen resynthesis during a 3-h recovery period after 90 min of moderate exercise consisting of @entity1411 on overnight-fasted healthy @entity1 (n = 8). In separate experiments, each subject was infused with 10% Ivelip (0.015 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) or 10% @entity653 (0.13 mg x kg(-1) x min(-1)). NMR spectra were acquired before and at the end of the exercise and during the recovery period. Whole-body @entity413 and lipid oxidation rates (indirect calorimetry), plasma insulin, C-peptide, @entity413 , @entity880 , @entity4322 , @entity1674 , and FFAs were determined. Glycogen consumption was 47.6 +/- 4.5% ( @entity653 ) and 49.7 +/- 4.8% (Ivelip) of the initial glycogen. An acquired IR in the Ivelip group was significant at the onset of the recovery period by homeostasis model assessment (P = 0.002). Glycogen resynthesis in the @entity653 group appeared faster during the 1st h than during the subsequent 2nd h of the postexercise period. The glycogen resynthesis level was significantly lower in the Ivelip group than in the @entity653 group during the recovery period (P = 0.04 during the 1st h and P = 0.001 during the next 2 h). During the recovery, plasma lactate and whole-body oxidation rates were similar in the two groups, whereas glycemia was significantly higher in the Ivelip group. A decreased cellular uptake of @entity413 as a substrate for glycogenosynthesis, rather than a competition between oxidation of @entity1735 and FFA, is discussed.

2098647

2098648

2098649

Prediction of hospital readmission for XXXX : development of a simple risk score based on administrative data.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a convenient and inexpensive method for identifying an individual's risk for hospital readmission for @entity712 ( @entity712 ) using information derived exclusively from administrative data sources and available at the time of an index hospital discharge. BACKGROUND: Rates of readmission are high after hospitalization for @entity712 . The significant determinants of rehospitalization are debated. METHODS: Administrative information on all 1995 hospital discharges in New York State which were assigned International Classification of Diseases-9-Clinical Modification codes indicative of @entity712 in the principal diagnosis position were obtained. The following were compared among hospital survivors who did and did not experience readmission: demographics, comorbid illness, hospital type and location, processes of care, length of stay and hospital charges. RESULTS: A total of 42,731 black or white @entity1 were identified. The subgroup of 9,112 @entity1 (21.3%) who were readmitted were distinguished by a greater proportion of blacks, a higher prevalence of Medicare and Medicaid insurance, more comorbid illnesses and the use of telemetry monitoring during their index hospitalization. @entity1 treated at rural hospitals, those discharged to skilled nursing facilities and those having echocardiograms or cardiac catheterization were less likely to be readmitted. Using multiple regression methods, a simple methodology was devised that segregated @entity1 into low, intermediate and high risk for readmission. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 characteristics, hospital features, processes of care and clinical outcomes may be used to estimate the risk of hospital readmission for @entity712 . However, some of the variation in rehospitalization risk remains unexplained and may be the result of discretionary behavior by physicians and @entity1 .

2098650

2098651

2098652

A pragmatic randomised controlled trial of hydrotherapy and land exercises on overall well being and quality of life in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Hydrotherapy is highly valued by @entity1 with @entity309 yet few studies have compared the benefits of exercises in heated water against exercises on land. In particular, data on quality of life is rarely reported. This is especially important because @entity1 treated with hydrotherapy often report an enhanced sense of well-being. We report a randomised controlled trial in which we compared the effects of hydrotherapy with exercises on land on overall response to treatment, physical function and quality of life in @entity1 with @entity309 . METHODS: One hundred and fifteen @entity1 with @entity309 were randomised to receive a weekly 30-minute session of hydrotherapy or similar exercises on land for 6 weeks. Our primary outcome was a self-rated global impression of change--a measure of treatment effect on a 7-point scale ranging from 1(very much worse) to 7 (very much better) assessed immediately on completion of treatment. Secondary outcomes including EuroQol health related quality of life, EuroQol health status valuation, HAQ, 10 metre walk time and @entity158 scores were collected at baseline, after treatment and 3 months later. Binary outcomes were analysed by Fisher's exact test and continuous variables by Wilcoxon or Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics of the two groups were comparable. Significantly more @entity1 treated with hydrotherapy (40/46, 87%) were much better or very much better than the @entity1 treated with land exercise (19/40, 47.5%), p < 0.001 Fisher's exact test. Eleven @entity1 allocated land exercise failed to complete treatment compared with 4 @entity1 allocated hydrotherapy (p = 0.09). Sensitivity analyses confirmed an advantage for hydrotherapy if we assumed non-completers would all not have responded (response rates 70% versus 38%; p < 0.001) or if we assumed that non-completers would have had the same response as completers (response rates 82% versus 55% p = 0.002). Ten metre walk time improved after treatment in both cases (median pre-treatment time for both groups combined 10.9 seconds, post-treatment 9.1 s, and 3 months later 9.6 s). There was however no difference between treatment groups. Similarly there were no significant differences between groups in terms of changes to HAQ, EQ-5D utility score, EQ VAS and @entity158 VAS. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with @entity309 treated with hydrotherapy are more likely to report feeling much better or very much better than those treated with land exercises immediately on completion of the treatment programme. This perceived benefit was not reflected by differences between groups in 10-metre walk times, functional scores, quality of life measures and @entity158 scores.

2098653

2098654

2098655

Efficacy of adjuvant @entity1487 and @entity4181 in B2 @entity694 . International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 XXXX Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The goal of this analysis was to determine whether @entity1487 (FU) and @entity4181 ( @entity4181 , LV) is an effective adjuvant therapy for @entity1 after potentially curative resection of @entity694 in @entity1 with B2 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One thousand sixteen @entity1 with B2 @entity694 entered onto five separate trials were randomized to FU + LV or observation. A pooled analysis for event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using a stratified log-rank and Cox model was performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 5.75 years. @entity1 receiving FU + LV did not experience a significant increase in EFS or @entity1349 . The hazards ratio at 5 years was 0.83 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.07) for EFS and 0.86 (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.07) for @entity1349 . The 5-year EFS was 73% for controls and 76% for FU + LV. The 5-year @entity1349 was 80% for controls and 82% for FU + LV. Increasing age and poorly differentiated @entity5 were significant indicators of poor prognosis (P < .02). CONCLUSION: This data set does not support the routine use of FU + LV in all @entity1 with B2 @entity694 . Longer follow-up may identify a small benefit. At present, studies in B2 @entity694 designed with a no-treatment control arm should be considered appropriate.

2098656

2098657

2098658

Efficacy of adjuvant @entity1487 and @entity4181 in B2 XXXX . International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 @entity694 Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The goal of this analysis was to determine whether @entity1487 (FU) and @entity4181 ( @entity4181 , LV) is an effective adjuvant therapy for @entity1 after potentially curative resection of @entity694 in @entity1 with B2 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One thousand sixteen @entity1 with B2 @entity694 entered onto five separate trials were randomized to FU + LV or observation. A pooled analysis for event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using a stratified log-rank and Cox model was performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 5.75 years. @entity1 receiving FU + LV did not experience a significant increase in EFS or @entity1349 . The hazards ratio at 5 years was 0.83 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.07) for EFS and 0.86 (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.07) for @entity1349 . The 5-year EFS was 73% for controls and 76% for FU + LV. The 5-year @entity1349 was 80% for controls and 82% for FU + LV. Increasing age and poorly differentiated @entity5 were significant indicators of poor prognosis (P < .02). CONCLUSION: This data set does not support the routine use of FU + LV in all @entity1 with B2 @entity694 . Longer follow-up may identify a small benefit. At present, studies in B2 @entity694 designed with a no-treatment control arm should be considered appropriate.

2098659

2098660

2098661

Efficacy of adjuvant @entity1487 and XXXX in B2 @entity694 . International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 @entity694 Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The goal of this analysis was to determine whether @entity1487 (FU) and @entity4181 ( @entity4181 , LV) is an effective adjuvant therapy for @entity1 after potentially curative resection of @entity694 in @entity1 with B2 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One thousand sixteen @entity1 with B2 @entity694 entered onto five separate trials were randomized to FU + LV or observation. A pooled analysis for event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using a stratified log-rank and Cox model was performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 5.75 years. @entity1 receiving FU + LV did not experience a significant increase in EFS or @entity1349 . The hazards ratio at 5 years was 0.83 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.07) for EFS and 0.86 (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.07) for @entity1349 . The 5-year EFS was 73% for controls and 76% for FU + LV. The 5-year @entity1349 was 80% for controls and 82% for FU + LV. Increasing age and poorly differentiated @entity5 were significant indicators of poor prognosis (P < .02). CONCLUSION: This data set does not support the routine use of FU + LV in all @entity1 with B2 @entity694 . Longer follow-up may identify a small benefit. At present, studies in B2 @entity694 designed with a no-treatment control arm should be considered appropriate.

2098662

2098663

2098664

Efficacy of adjuvant XXXX and @entity4181 in B2 @entity694 . International Multicentre Pooled Analysis of B2 @entity694 Trials (IMPACT B2) Investigators.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The goal of this analysis was to determine whether @entity1487 (FU) and @entity4181 ( @entity4181 , LV) is an effective adjuvant therapy for @entity1 after potentially curative resection of @entity694 in @entity1 with B2 @entity5 . @entity1 AND METHODS: One thousand sixteen @entity1 with B2 @entity694 entered onto five separate trials were randomized to FU + LV or observation. A pooled analysis for event-free (EFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) using a stratified log-rank and Cox model was performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up duration was 5.75 years. @entity1 receiving FU + LV did not experience a significant increase in EFS or @entity1349 . The hazards ratio at 5 years was 0.83 (90% confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.07) for EFS and 0.86 (90% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.07) for @entity1349 . The 5-year EFS was 73% for controls and 76% for FU + LV. The 5-year @entity1349 was 80% for controls and 82% for FU + LV. Increasing age and poorly differentiated @entity5 were significant indicators of poor prognosis (P < .02). CONCLUSION: This data set does not support the routine use of FU + LV in all @entity1 with B2 @entity694 . Longer follow-up may identify a small benefit. At present, studies in B2 @entity694 designed with a no-treatment control arm should be considered appropriate.

2098665

2098666

2098667

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and Ki-67, XXXX , and @entity3544 expression: a population-based @entity1204 study.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: For @entity1204 @entity1 , there is a need for improved identification of high-risk groups that may benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. We therefore studied the prognostic impact of markers for cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and angiogenesis among @entity1204 @entity1 in a population-based setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 between 1981 and 1985 in Hordaland County, Norway, were studied. The median follow-up for the survivors was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), with no @entity1 lost because of insufficient follow-up information. Paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue, available in 96% of the cases (n = 142), was studied immunohistochemically for microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 proteins. We used the hot spot method for calculation of MVD, and expression of Ki-67 and @entity3544 protein, because this approach may increase the probability of detecting small aggressive clones of possible prognostic relevance. The importance of these @entity5 markers was investigated in univariate survival analyses and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The majority of traditional clinicopathologic variables was significantly associated with the @entity5 biomarkers. Age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic type, histologic grade, MVD, as well as Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 protein expression, all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (P < or = .05). In the Cox regression analysis, age, FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67 expression, and @entity876 expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (P < or = .05), whereas histologic type, histologic grade, and @entity3544 expression had no independent influence. A group of high-risk @entity1 with more than one unfavorable marker was identified. CONCLUSION: In addition to age and FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67, and @entity876 protein expression showed an independent prognostic impact. Thus, information derived from routine histologic specimens identified a subgroup of high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 in this population-based study.

2098668

2098669

2098670

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and Ki-67, @entity876 , and XXXX expression: a population-based @entity1204 study.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: For @entity1204 @entity1 , there is a need for improved identification of high-risk groups that may benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. We therefore studied the prognostic impact of markers for cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and angiogenesis among @entity1204 @entity1 in a population-based setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 between 1981 and 1985 in Hordaland County, Norway, were studied. The median follow-up for the survivors was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), with no @entity1 lost because of insufficient follow-up information. Paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue, available in 96% of the cases (n = 142), was studied immunohistochemically for microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 proteins. We used the hot spot method for calculation of MVD, and expression of Ki-67 and @entity3544 protein, because this approach may increase the probability of detecting small aggressive clones of possible prognostic relevance. The importance of these @entity5 markers was investigated in univariate survival analyses and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The majority of traditional clinicopathologic variables was significantly associated with the @entity5 biomarkers. Age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic type, histologic grade, MVD, as well as Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 protein expression, all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (P < or = .05). In the Cox regression analysis, age, FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67 expression, and @entity876 expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (P < or = .05), whereas histologic type, histologic grade, and @entity3544 expression had no independent influence. A group of high-risk @entity1 with more than one unfavorable marker was identified. CONCLUSION: In addition to age and FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67, and @entity876 protein expression showed an independent prognostic impact. Thus, information derived from routine histologic specimens identified a subgroup of high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 in this population-based study.

2098671

2098672

2098673

Prognostic significance of angiogenesis and Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 expression: a population-based XXXX study.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: For @entity1204 @entity1 , there is a need for improved identification of high-risk groups that may benefit from postoperative adjuvant therapy. We therefore studied the prognostic impact of markers for cell proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and angiogenesis among @entity1204 @entity1 in a population-based setting. @entity1 AND METHODS: All @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1204 between 1981 and 1985 in Hordaland County, Norway, were studied. The median follow-up for the survivors was 11.5 years (range, 8 to 15 years), with no @entity1 lost because of insufficient follow-up information. Paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissue, available in 96% of the cases (n = 142), was studied immunohistochemically for microvessel density (MVD) and expression of Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 proteins. We used the hot spot method for calculation of MVD, and expression of Ki-67 and @entity3544 protein, because this approach may increase the probability of detecting small aggressive clones of possible prognostic relevance. The importance of these @entity5 markers was investigated in univariate survival analyses and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The majority of traditional clinicopathologic variables was significantly associated with the @entity5 biomarkers. Age, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, histologic type, histologic grade, MVD, as well as Ki-67, @entity876 , and @entity3544 protein expression, all significantly influenced survival in univariate analyses (P < or = .05). In the Cox regression analysis, age, FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67 expression, and @entity876 expression were the only variables with independent prognostic impact (P < or = .05), whereas histologic type, histologic grade, and @entity3544 expression had no independent influence. A group of high-risk @entity1 with more than one unfavorable marker was identified. CONCLUSION: In addition to age and FIGO stage, MVD, Ki-67, and @entity876 protein expression showed an independent prognostic impact. Thus, information derived from routine histologic specimens identified a subgroup of high-risk @entity1204 @entity1 in this population-based study.

2098674

2098675

2098676

Effects of the Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu and its crude drug Tanjin on ageing process in XXXX .

multiple_choice

The effects of the Chinese prescription Kangen-karyu and its crude drug Tanjin on the ageing process were investigated in @entity35 . Diets supplemented with Kangen-karyu and Tanjin extracts decreased glycosylated protein levels in serum, a risk marker of ageing and ageing-related diseases. In addition, they inhibited the levels of @entity4466 reactive substance in the serum and liver; Kangen-karyu in particular led to a strong decrease in hepatic mitochondrial @entity4466 reactive substance. The decline in the reduced @entity2041 / @entity9492 ratio in the liver observed with ageing was ameliorated by Kangen-karyu and Tanjin, while these groups attenuated the increase in @entity2041 peroxidase activity of hepatic tissue against ageing. This suggests that Kangen-karyu and Tanjin regulate the @entity2041 redox cycle that maintains the cellular redox condition against age-related oxidative stress. Moreover, the overexpression of cytoplasmic cytochrome c observed with ageing was attenuated by Kangen-karyu and Tanjin. This provides new evidence that Kangen-karyu and Tanjin inhibit leakage of @entity224 in mitochondria and attenuate cellular oxidative damage. Furthermore, Kangen-karyu and Tanjin would maintain mitochondrial function with ageing through the regulation of related protein expression such as @entity2310 and @entity1976 proteins. In addition, Kangen-karyu reduced the expression of nuclear factor kappa B; Kangen-karyu and Tanjin did not affect the expression of inhibitor kappa B. The present study demonstrated that Kangenkaryu prevented oxidative damage and @entity2383 with ageing. Furthermore, Kangen-karyu showed a stronger protective effect against ageing by oxidative stress than Tanjin, probably through synergistic and/or additive effects.

2098677

2098678

2098679

@entity5 using XXXX LAR in combination with Infergen: results of a case series.

multiple_choice

Historically, limited trials evaluating biotherapy in treating metastatic @entity5 have yielded mixed results. In this study, the efficacy of a novel combination therapy featuring longacting @entity2390 LAR plus alpha-interferon was evaluated. In a prospective case series, 12 @entity1 with unresectable metastatic @entity5 refractory to treatment initiated therapy with Infergen and @entity2390 LAR. Radiological response was followed serially at 3-month intervals. A biochemical response was considered significant if marker levels decreased by > or = 50% compared with baseline. Inhibition of @entity5 growth lasting for greater than 3 months (mean response 22.6+/-17.7 months) was seen in eight @entity1 . Complete @entity5 regression was observed in one @entity1 , lasting for 40 months; three @entity1 exhibited partial @entity5 regression (mean response 29.3+/-24.0 months), and four @entity1 maintained a stable @entity5 response (mean response 13.3+/-9.2 months). Four @entity1 showed no response to therapy (mean response 5.0+/-6.0 months). All enrolled @entity1 are alive currently. The biochemical response seen in seven @entity1 did not correlate with the radiological response. These results suggest that the novel combination of longacting @entity2390 LAR with an alpha-interferon may be at least as effective as either combination therapy with short-acting octreotide or monotherapy with @entity2390 LAR.

2098680

2098681

2098682

XXXX using @entity2390 LAR in combination with Infergen: results of a case series.

multiple_choice

Historically, limited trials evaluating biotherapy in treating metastatic @entity5 have yielded mixed results. In this study, the efficacy of a novel combination therapy featuring longacting @entity2390 LAR plus alpha-interferon was evaluated. In a prospective case series, 12 @entity1 with unresectable metastatic @entity5 refractory to treatment initiated therapy with Infergen and @entity2390 LAR. Radiological response was followed serially at 3-month intervals. A biochemical response was considered significant if marker levels decreased by > or = 50% compared with baseline. Inhibition of @entity5 growth lasting for greater than 3 months (mean response 22.6+/-17.7 months) was seen in eight @entity1 . Complete @entity5 regression was observed in one @entity1 , lasting for 40 months; three @entity1 exhibited partial @entity5 regression (mean response 29.3+/-24.0 months), and four @entity1 maintained a stable @entity5 response (mean response 13.3+/-9.2 months). Four @entity1 showed no response to therapy (mean response 5.0+/-6.0 months). All enrolled @entity1 are alive currently. The biochemical response seen in seven @entity1 did not correlate with the radiological response. These results suggest that the novel combination of longacting @entity2390 LAR with an alpha-interferon may be at least as effective as either combination therapy with short-acting octreotide or monotherapy with @entity2390 LAR.

2098683

2098684

2098685

Results of a trial of combined @entity19416 and @entity5154 therapy for XXXX . Brolene Study Group.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To characterize @entity1 with @entity19415 and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity19416 0.1% ophthalmic solution (Brolene) when administered concomitantly with @entity5154 -polymyxin B-gramicidin ophthalmic solution (Neotricin) in the treatment of @entity19415 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: The authors report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 who entered this multicentered, open-label, clinical trial. Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity5517 entered the trial. RESULTS: Sixty (69%) of the 87 eyes enrolled had data analyzed for treatment efficacy and safety. Of these 60 eyes, 50 (83%) experienced treatment success. Thirty (60%) @entity1 successfully treated adhered to treatment protocol guidelines. @entity1 who broke protocol had disease exacerbation during the maintenance therapy phase. The only eyes lost/enucleated were 7 of 17 in which penetrating keratoplasty was performed before eradication of the infectious agent. CONCLUSION: @entity19416 and @entity5154 are an effective treatment for @entity19415 . Penetrating keratoplasty should be performed only for visual rehabilitation and not to "debulk" an @entity281 . The authors advocate treating @entity1 with topical medications, mainly @entity47744 , until all organisms are eradicated. There should be no signs of @entity281 for at least 3 months in the @entity1 not receiving antiamebic medications before penetrating keratoplasty is performed.

2098686

2098687

2098688

Results of a trial of combined @entity19416 and XXXX therapy for @entity19415 . Brolene Study Group.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To characterize @entity1 with @entity19415 and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity19416 0.1% ophthalmic solution (Brolene) when administered concomitantly with @entity5154 -polymyxin B-gramicidin ophthalmic solution (Neotricin) in the treatment of @entity19415 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: The authors report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 who entered this multicentered, open-label, clinical trial. Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity5517 entered the trial. RESULTS: Sixty (69%) of the 87 eyes enrolled had data analyzed for treatment efficacy and safety. Of these 60 eyes, 50 (83%) experienced treatment success. Thirty (60%) @entity1 successfully treated adhered to treatment protocol guidelines. @entity1 who broke protocol had disease exacerbation during the maintenance therapy phase. The only eyes lost/enucleated were 7 of 17 in which penetrating keratoplasty was performed before eradication of the infectious agent. CONCLUSION: @entity19416 and @entity5154 are an effective treatment for @entity19415 . Penetrating keratoplasty should be performed only for visual rehabilitation and not to "debulk" an @entity281 . The authors advocate treating @entity1 with topical medications, mainly @entity47744 , until all organisms are eradicated. There should be no signs of @entity281 for at least 3 months in the @entity1 not receiving antiamebic medications before penetrating keratoplasty is performed.

2098689

2098690

2098691

Results of a trial of combined XXXX and @entity5154 therapy for @entity19415 . Brolene Study Group.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To characterize @entity1 with @entity19415 and to evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity19416 0.1% ophthalmic solution (Brolene) when administered concomitantly with @entity5154 -polymyxin B-gramicidin ophthalmic solution (Neotricin) in the treatment of @entity19415 . DESIGN: Prospective, noncomparative case series. METHODS: The authors report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity1 who entered this multicentered, open-label, clinical trial. Eighty-three @entity1 with @entity5517 entered the trial. RESULTS: Sixty (69%) of the 87 eyes enrolled had data analyzed for treatment efficacy and safety. Of these 60 eyes, 50 (83%) experienced treatment success. Thirty (60%) @entity1 successfully treated adhered to treatment protocol guidelines. @entity1 who broke protocol had disease exacerbation during the maintenance therapy phase. The only eyes lost/enucleated were 7 of 17 in which penetrating keratoplasty was performed before eradication of the infectious agent. CONCLUSION: @entity19416 and @entity5154 are an effective treatment for @entity19415 . Penetrating keratoplasty should be performed only for visual rehabilitation and not to "debulk" an @entity281 . The authors advocate treating @entity1 with topical medications, mainly @entity47744 , until all organisms are eradicated. There should be no signs of @entity281 for at least 3 months in the @entity1 not receiving antiamebic medications before penetrating keratoplasty is performed.

2098692

2098693

2098694

Evaluating health information technology: provider satisfaction with an XXXX -specific, electronic clinical management and reporting system.

multiple_choice

@entity283 ( @entity283 ) offers the potential to improve care for @entity1 living with @entity645 . Provider satisfaction with @entity283 is essential to realize benefits, yet its evaluation presents challenges. An @entity645 -specific, electronic clinical management and reporting system was implemented in Louisiana's eight @entity645 clinics, serving over 7500. A serial cross-sectional survey was administered at three points between April 2002 and July 2005; qualitative methods were used to augment quantitative. Multivariable methods were used to characterize provider satisfaction. The majority of the sample (n = 196; T1 = 105; T2 = 46; T3 = 45) was female (80.0%), between ages of 25 and 50 years (68.3%), frequent providers at that clinic (53.7% more than 4 days per week), and had been at the same clinic for a year or more (85.0%). Improvements in satisfaction were observed in @entity1 tracking ( p < 0.05), distribution of educational materials ( p < 0.04), and belief that electronic systems improve care ( p < 0.05). Provider self-reports of time to complete critical functions decreased for all tasks, two significantly so. Time (in minutes) to find current @entity404 count decreased at each time point (mean 3.9 [standard deviation {SD} 5.8], 2.9 [2.3], 2.1 [2.6], p>0.05), current viral load decreased at each time point (mean 4.0 [SD 5.6], 2.9 [2.5], 1.8 [2.6], p = 0.08], current antiretroviral status decreased at each time point (mean 3.9 [SD 4.7], 2.9 [3.7], 1.5 [1.1], p < 0.04), history of antiretroviral use decreased at each time point (mean 15.1 [SD 21.9], 6.0 [5.4], 5.4 [7.2], p < 0.04]. Time savings were realized, averaging 16.1 minutes per visit ( p < 0.04). Providers were satisfied with @entity283 in multiple domains, and significant time savings were realized.

2098695

2098696

2098697

Dentists' familiarity with XXXX cessation programs in dental settings in Iran.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The current study assessed Iranian dentists' practice, knowledge, perceived barriers, and attitudes toward helping @entity1 to quit. We hypothesized that Iranian dentists would have limited knowledge and awareness of @entity286 cessation methods or of their important role in encouraging @entity1 to quit. We expected the combination of quantitative and qualitative research to yield important insights regarding effective methods of engaging Iranian dentists in @entity286 intervention. METHODS: From a list of registered dentists following an initial screening, we randomly selected a total of 1,000 dental practices in 10 randomly selected provinces. Following an initial letter describing the study, we mailed a questionnaire. For the qualitative part of the study, we used a convenience purposeful sampling of 16 dentists. RESULTS: Despite repeated contacts, only 35 percent of those contacted returned completed surveys. Key findings not only included generally positive attitudes toward @entity286 cessation programs, but also identification of major barriers including concerns about @entity1 resistance, lack of supportive organization, and opportunities for training. Dentists were far more likely to ask @entity1 about smoking than to provide actual cessation support. Female dentists were more likely to ask @entity1 . The qualitative interviews shed further light on barriers to intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Interpretation of the findings is limited by the relatively low response rate. However, despite identified barriers to intervention, we are encouraged by dentists' overall knowledge and interest in @entity286 cessation services. We plan to use the current findings to inform development of continuing education programs and incorporation of @entity286 cessation counseling into dental school curricula in Iran.

2098698

2098699

2098700

Age-specific incidence rates for @entity0 in carriers of XXXX mutations from Norway.

multiple_choice

Incidence rates of @entity0 among @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation vary according to their reproductive histories and country of residence. To measure @entity5 incidence, it is best to follow-up cohort of healthy @entity1 prospectively. We followed up a cohort of 675 @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation who did not have @entity5344 before inclusion and who had a normal clinical examination and mammography at first visit. After a mean of 7.1 years, 98 incident cases of @entity0 were recorded in the cohort. @entity5 incidence rates were calculated, and based on these, a penetrance curve was constructed. The average annual @entity5 risk for the Norwegian @entity1 from age 25 to 70 was 2.0%. Founder mutations had lower incidence rate (1.7%) than less frequent mutations (2.5%) (p = 0.03). The peak incidence (3.1% annual risk) was observed in @entity1 from age 50 to 59. The age-specific annual incidence rates and penetrance estimate were compared with published figures for @entity1 from North America and from Poland. The risk of @entity0 to age 70 was estimated to be 61% for @entity1 from Norway, compared with 55% for @entity1 from Poland and 69% for @entity1 from North America.

2098701

2098702

2098703

Age-specific incidence rates for XXXX in carriers of @entity5345 mutations from Norway.

multiple_choice

Incidence rates of @entity0 among @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation vary according to their reproductive histories and country of residence. To measure @entity5 incidence, it is best to follow-up cohort of healthy @entity1 prospectively. We followed up a cohort of 675 @entity1 with a @entity5345 mutation who did not have @entity5344 before inclusion and who had a normal clinical examination and mammography at first visit. After a mean of 7.1 years, 98 incident cases of @entity0 were recorded in the cohort. @entity5 incidence rates were calculated, and based on these, a penetrance curve was constructed. The average annual @entity5 risk for the Norwegian @entity1 from age 25 to 70 was 2.0%. Founder mutations had lower incidence rate (1.7%) than less frequent mutations (2.5%) (p = 0.03). The peak incidence (3.1% annual risk) was observed in @entity1 from age 50 to 59. The age-specific annual incidence rates and penetrance estimate were compared with published figures for @entity1 from North America and from Poland. The risk of @entity0 to age 70 was estimated to be 61% for @entity1 from Norway, compared with 55% for @entity1 from Poland and 69% for @entity1 from North America.

2098704

2098705

2098706

New mucoadhesive chitosan film for ophthalmic drug delivery of XXXX : in vivo evaluation.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: Chitosan, a cationic polysaccharide biopolymer with mucoadhesive properties, presents a promising future in the prolonged ocular delivery of drugs. The present study compared the efficacy and safety of chitosan-coated @entity6839 (TM) mucoadhesive film, using a 0.5% TM commercial ophthalmic solution in a @entity95 model. In addition, this study investigates the maximum release time of these implants in vivo. METHODS: The mucoadhesive films were prepared by means of a casting and solvent evaporation technique performed in a 2 wt% @entity1543 solution and distilled water. Physical properties were characterized by release and swelling studies, differential scanning calorimetry, and attenuated total reflectance fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The developed formulations were evaluated for their pharmacodynamics in ocular normotensive albino @entity95 , in which the intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by means of applanation tonometer on alternative days (13 h) for 11 weeks. For 15 days, 0.5% TM commercial ophthalmic solution was administered twice a day (n=5) and compared to chitosan-coated TM (n=5). In the control group (n=5), saline was used twice a day. The maximum TM release time from chitosan films were also recorded. After euthanasia, the right eyes were removed from the 3 groups for histological analyses. RESULTS: In an in vitro study, TM was released over a 4-week period, in which 85% of the drug was released over the first 2 weeks. However, the film's release of TM lowered the in vivo IOP levels over a 10-week period. No significant difference in the lowering of IOP in @entity95 treated with 0.5% TM commercial ophthalmic solution, as compared to those that received the films (P<0.05), could be observed. No signs of @entity2194 or @entity146 could be identified upon ophthalmic examination by slit-lamp biomicroscopy. Ophthalmic structures that came in direct contact with the films revealed no alterations within the histopathological studies. Moreover, the animals showed no signs of @entity2194 during the experimental assays. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the TM-loaded chitosan film is safe and efficient and presents a promising future as an ocular drug delivery system in the treatment and prevention of @entity726 .

2098707

2098708

2098709

Probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life in at risk Asian @entity1 --effects on XXXX and atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The role of probiotics in @entity566 prevention remains uncertain but has been shown in some studies to have a possible protective effect on @entity484 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life on @entity56 at 1 year of age in Asian @entity1 at risk of @entity56 . METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial involving 253 @entity1 with a family history of @entity56 was carried out. @entity1 received at least 60 mL of commercially available @entity291 's milk formula with or without probiotic supplementation [ @entity13854 (BL999) 1 x 10(7) colony forming unit (CFU)/g and @entity10263 (LPR) 2 x 10(7) CFU/g] daily for the first 6 months. Clinical evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age, with serum total IgE measurement and skin prick tests conducted at the 12-month visit. The primary and secondary end-points were @entity484 and allergen sensitization, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity484 in the probiotic (22%) group was similar to that in the placebo group (25%) (P=0.53). The median Scoring Atopic @entity1909 score at 12 months was 17.10 (9.74) in the probiotic group and 11.60 (8.40) in the placebo group (P=0.17). The prevalence of allergen sensitization showed no difference (probiotic=24% vs. placebo=19%, P=0.26). The total IgE geometric mean (95% confidence interval) was 18.76 (12.54-24.98) kU/L in the probiotic group and 23.13 (16.01-30.24) kU/L in the placebo group (P=0.15). @entity483 (with sensitization) in the probiotic (7.3%) group was comparable to the placebo group (5.8%) (P=0.86). CONCLUSION: Early life administration of a @entity291 's milk formula supplemented with probiotics showed no effect on prevention of @entity484 or allergen sensitization in the first year of life in Asian @entity1 at risk of @entity56 . Further work is needed to determine whether timing of supplementation, dose and probiotic strain are important considerations.

2098710

2098711

2098712

Probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life in at risk Asian XXXX --effects on @entity484 and atopic sensitization at the age of 1 year.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The role of probiotics in @entity566 prevention remains uncertain but has been shown in some studies to have a possible protective effect on @entity484 . OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation in the first 6 months of life on @entity56 at 1 year of age in Asian @entity1 at risk of @entity56 . METHODS: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial involving 253 @entity1 with a family history of @entity56 was carried out. @entity1 received at least 60 mL of commercially available @entity291 's milk formula with or without probiotic supplementation [ @entity13854 (BL999) 1 x 10(7) colony forming unit (CFU)/g and @entity10263 (LPR) 2 x 10(7) CFU/g] daily for the first 6 months. Clinical evaluation was performed at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age, with serum total IgE measurement and skin prick tests conducted at the 12-month visit. The primary and secondary end-points were @entity484 and allergen sensitization, respectively. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity484 in the probiotic (22%) group was similar to that in the placebo group (25%) (P=0.53). The median Scoring Atopic @entity1909 score at 12 months was 17.10 (9.74) in the probiotic group and 11.60 (8.40) in the placebo group (P=0.17). The prevalence of allergen sensitization showed no difference (probiotic=24% vs. placebo=19%, P=0.26). The total IgE geometric mean (95% confidence interval) was 18.76 (12.54-24.98) kU/L in the probiotic group and 23.13 (16.01-30.24) kU/L in the placebo group (P=0.15). @entity483 (with sensitization) in the probiotic (7.3%) group was comparable to the placebo group (5.8%) (P=0.86). CONCLUSION: Early life administration of a @entity291 's milk formula supplemented with probiotics showed no effect on prevention of @entity484 or allergen sensitization in the first year of life in Asian @entity1 at risk of @entity56 . Further work is needed to determine whether timing of supplementation, dose and probiotic strain are important considerations.

2098713

2098714

2098715

Acupuncture, or non-directive counselling versus usual care for the treatment of XXXX : a pilot study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity308 is one of the most common reasons for consulting in primary care. Acupuncture is a popular complementary therapy choice for @entity308 but its evidence base is poor with more robust high quality trials being required. More than half of @entity308 @entity1 experience @entity2531 , with severe @entity158 being associated with poor response to antidepressants. Acupuncture may have much to offer as an intervention for @entity308 that also helps alleviate @entity158 . Non-directive counselling is the most widely used psychological approach for @entity308 in NHS settings, and provides a useful pragmatic comparison for acupuncture that would, according to our pre-trial qualitative research, be of high interest to doctors and @entity1 . METHODS AND DESIGN: The pilot study uses five arms and involves a pragmatic design. All @entity1 will continue to receive usual care. Four groups of @entity1 will be allocated to acupuncture, or non-directive counselling, in addition to usual GP care. The acupuncture and counselling arms will be further split into two groups to explore different treatment regimens. The primary outcome measure is the BDI II. Potentially eligible @entity1 will be screened for @entity308 using the PHQ-9, which is also a secondary outcome measure. Other secondary measures include the SF 36 bodily @entity158 subscale, the CORE OM, the WBQ-12 and the EQ5D. Health economic data will be collected and measures of therapeutic engagement will be used to compare @entity1 's views of therapists and GPs. The study will employ a fully randomised preference design with collection of data on @entity1 preferences and prior expectations. DISCUSSION: This study has been implemented, and data are currently being analysed to inform the design of a full scale trial. Two practical operational issues that impacted on study implementation are discussed. Firstly, the challenge of recruiting @entity308 @entity1 via GP consultation. Secondly, the problem of poor uptake and high attrition for counselling and acupuncture, which appeared to be associated with poor questionnaire return, and resulted in missing data. These problems may be relevant to other researchers working in the area of @entity308 , or similar illnesses, where @entity1 may lack motivation and energy to engage in research, or attend for treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials (ISRCTN 59267538).

2098716

2098717

2098718

[Home versus inpatient therapy for XXXX . A cost-comparative analysis].

multiple_choice

AIMS: To compare the home-care management of @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ) by a Home Care Unit (HCU) respect to conventional inpatient treatment. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity1 with a doppler-ecography diagnosis of @entity1150 were managed by the HCU during 2002. In 7 out 13 a concomitant diagnosis of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) was made by lung scan. Median age was 81 years, 52% were @entity1 and all, except one case, showed severe medical concomitant conditions. All @entity1 received low-weight molecular heparin, followed by oral anticoagulants in 3 @entity1 . No @entity1 died and only one was hospitalized briefly due to a poor @entity715 -related @entity158 control. Costs of this @entity1 were added to those of HCU. A comparison was made between ambulatory and hospitalary costs for EP and @entity1150 . Pharmacological treatment costs were calculated for a 10-days period. RESULTS: The length of inhospital stay was 1 day for HCU vs. 8 days ( @entity1150 ) and 13 days (EP). There was a estimated cost-saving of 1680 per @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The management of @entity1150 in @entity1 with serious conditions, can be accomplished safely and in a cost-saving manner by a Home Care Unit.

2098719

2098720

2098721

Clinical and genetic outcome determinants of Internet- and group-based cognitive behavior therapy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: No study has investigated clinical or genetic predictors and moderators of Internet-based cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) compared with cognitive behavioral group therapy for (CBGT) for @entity4696 . Identification of predictors and moderators is essential to the clinician in deciding which treatment to recommend for whom. We aimed to identify clinical and genetic ( @entity16068 , COMTval158met, and BDNFval66met) predictors and moderators of ICBT and CBGT. METHOD: We performed three types of analyses on data from a sample comprising @entity1 (N = 126) who had undergone ICBT or CBGT in a randomized controlled trial. Outcomes were i) end state symptom severity, ii) @entity4696 diagnosis, and iii) clinically significant improvement. RESULTS: The most stable predictors of better treatment response were working full time, having @entity1 , less @entity308 , higher expectancy of treatment effectiveness, and adhering to treatment. None of the tested gene polymorphisms were associated with treatment outcome. Comorbid general @entity148 and @entity308 were moderators meaning that lower levels were associated with a better treatment response in ICBT but not in CBGT. CONCLUSION: We conclude that demographic factors, symptom burden, adherence, and expectations may play an important role as predictors of treatment outcome. The investigated gene polymorphisms do not appear to make a difference.

2098722

2098723

2098724

[A clinical study of 49 cases of invasive XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Studying the proven and probable invasive @entity57 (IPA) cases of some hospitals in Shanghai to provide evidence for the improvement of IPA clinical diagnosis and therapy. METHODS: Forty-nine IPA cases were retrospectively analyzed for demography data, host factors, underlying conditions, chest CT, microorganism and histopathology examination, as well as therapy and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 49 subjects including 19 (38.8%) proven and 30 (61.2%) probable IPA, 3 @entity1 (6.1%) had no host factors, 25 @entity1 (51.0%) had IPA associated host factors and underlying conditions, while 21 @entity1 (42.9%) had uncertain fundamental diseases. Chest CT evaluation demonstrated that radiological lesions include nodules in 29 @entity1 , patching in 15, mass in 12, consolidation in 10, cavitation in 34, Halo sign in 19, air bronchogram in 18, crescentic sign in 6, bilateral in 33 and multifocal lesions in 38. The yielding rate of fungus culture in sputum was 26.5% (13/49), and in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was 66.7% (10/15). Eleven of thirty-six @entity1 (30.6%) had positive results of serum galactomannan antigen tests. Nineteen of twenty-one @entity1 (90.5%) were proven as IPA by lung histologic examinations. @entity54 was the most common pathogen 81.0% (17/21). The responding rate to initial anti-fungus therapy was 50% (21/42). CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that in IPA @entity1 , bilateral, multifocal and nodular lesion could be the most common radiological characteristic, while Halo and crescentic sign occur occasionally. Invasive technologies are more valuable to IPA diagnosis.

2098725

2098726

2098727

Absence of age-related changes in nigral dopaminergic neurons of Asian Indians: relevance to lower incidence of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Age-related loss of melanized nigral neurons reported in the British Caucasians is not observed in Asian Indian, American and French adults. In the Americans, loss of dopaminergic phenotype occurs from midlife, without @entity179 . Here, we investigated whether nigral dopaminergic neurons in Asian Indians are lost with age or undergo morphological or biochemical dysfunction. Using unbiased stereology we estimated volume, number of melanized, borderline/non-melanized (n=34, 28 gestational weeks to 80 years) and @entity669 hydroxylase (TH)- @entity18203 co-labeled neurons (n=32, 28 gestational weeks to 80 years) in substantia nigra pars compacta. We quantified @entity18203 and TH proteins by immunoblotting (n=18, 28 gestational weeks to 69 years) and apoptotic neurons by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated @entity1977 nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Nuclear and soma size was estimated by morphometry. There was no age-related decline in volume, neuronal density, neuronal numbers and TH- @entity18203 co-labeled neurons. TH and @entity18203 protein expression remained stable. Lack of TUNEL-TH co-labeled cells confirmed absence of neuronal apoptosis. The neuronal size remained unaltered. Our findings of preserved nigral dopaminergic neurons suggest no age-related loss of nigral function in Asian Indians, unlike the Americans. This may explain the lower incidence of @entity191 in Asian Indians.

2098728

2098729

2098730

Adjuvant @entity136 plus @entity1205 for completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine XXXX : Results of a prospective study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine @entity1822 are at high risk for recurrence. No adjuvant treatment has been shown to improve survival, although prospective data are limited. We sought to determine whether adjuvant @entity136 - @entity1205 would yield a 2-year progression-free survival of at least 50% in this @entity1822 population. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were treated with @entity136 900 mg/m(2) over 90 min days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) day 8, every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. CT imaging was performed at baseline, after cycle 4, and every 3 months. Progression was defined as evidence of new disease on CT. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (median age 49; range, 37-73) enrolled; 23 were evaluable (1-never treated, 1-ineligible). With median follow-up of 49 months for all @entity1 , 10 (45%) of the 23 evaluable @entity1 remained progression free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 13 months. The median overall survival is not yet reached. Among the 18 @entity1 with stages I or II uterine @entity1822 , 59% remain progression-free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 39 months. Median overall survival for stages I and II @entity1 is not yet reached with median follow-up duration of 49 months. Sites of first recurrence were: lung only - 3/23 (13%); pelvis only - 5/23 (22%); both - 5 (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Post-resection @entity136 - @entity1205 for stages I-IV high-grade uterine @entity1822 yields 2-year progression-free survival rates that appear superior to historical rates. @entity136 - @entity1205 merits further study as part of an adjuvant strategy for @entity1 with completely resected, early-stage uterine @entity1822 .

2098731

2098732

2098733

Adjuvant XXXX plus @entity1205 for completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine @entity1822 : Results of a prospective study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine @entity1822 are at high risk for recurrence. No adjuvant treatment has been shown to improve survival, although prospective data are limited. We sought to determine whether adjuvant @entity136 - @entity1205 would yield a 2-year progression-free survival of at least 50% in this @entity1822 population. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were treated with @entity136 900 mg/m(2) over 90 min days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) day 8, every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. CT imaging was performed at baseline, after cycle 4, and every 3 months. Progression was defined as evidence of new disease on CT. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (median age 49; range, 37-73) enrolled; 23 were evaluable (1-never treated, 1-ineligible). With median follow-up of 49 months for all @entity1 , 10 (45%) of the 23 evaluable @entity1 remained progression free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 13 months. The median overall survival is not yet reached. Among the 18 @entity1 with stages I or II uterine @entity1822 , 59% remain progression-free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 39 months. Median overall survival for stages I and II @entity1 is not yet reached with median follow-up duration of 49 months. Sites of first recurrence were: lung only - 3/23 (13%); pelvis only - 5/23 (22%); both - 5 (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Post-resection @entity136 - @entity1205 for stages I-IV high-grade uterine @entity1822 yields 2-year progression-free survival rates that appear superior to historical rates. @entity136 - @entity1205 merits further study as part of an adjuvant strategy for @entity1 with completely resected, early-stage uterine @entity1822 .

2098734

2098735

2098736

Adjuvant @entity136 plus XXXX for completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine @entity1822 : Results of a prospective study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity1 with completely resected stages I-IV high grade uterine @entity1822 are at high risk for recurrence. No adjuvant treatment has been shown to improve survival, although prospective data are limited. We sought to determine whether adjuvant @entity136 - @entity1205 would yield a 2-year progression-free survival of at least 50% in this @entity1822 population. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 were treated with @entity136 900 mg/m(2) over 90 min days 1 and 8 plus @entity1205 75 mg/m(2) day 8, every 3 weeks for 4 cycles. CT imaging was performed at baseline, after cycle 4, and every 3 months. Progression was defined as evidence of new disease on CT. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity1 (median age 49; range, 37-73) enrolled; 23 were evaluable (1-never treated, 1-ineligible). With median follow-up of 49 months for all @entity1 , 10 (45%) of the 23 evaluable @entity1 remained progression free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 13 months. The median overall survival is not yet reached. Among the 18 @entity1 with stages I or II uterine @entity1822 , 59% remain progression-free at 2 years, with a median progression-free survival of 39 months. Median overall survival for stages I and II @entity1 is not yet reached with median follow-up duration of 49 months. Sites of first recurrence were: lung only - 3/23 (13%); pelvis only - 5/23 (22%); both - 5 (22%). CONCLUSIONS: Post-resection @entity136 - @entity1205 for stages I-IV high-grade uterine @entity1822 yields 2-year progression-free survival rates that appear superior to historical rates. @entity136 - @entity1205 merits further study as part of an adjuvant strategy for @entity1 with completely resected, early-stage uterine @entity1822 .

2098737

2098738

2098739

XXXX of the skull base and temporal bone.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical presentation and outcomes of treatment for @entity1 with @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bone. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Tertiary medical centre. @entity1 : Cases of histologically confirmed @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bones. INTERVENTION: Surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic features of presenting @entity1 ; presenting symptoms and signs; surgical approach employed; use of post-operative radiation therapy; histological grade of @entity5 ; and interval of post-operative follow up. RESULTS: Twelve @entity1 were identified with @entity511 involving the skull base, with post-operative follow up ranging from three to 33 years. The average age at presentation was 42 years. The most common presenting symptoms were @entity892 , decreased visual acuity and @entity10 . Five of the 12 @entity1 required multiple surgical procedures. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity511 involving the skull base and temporal bone may present in a variety of ways. Surgical resection, even subtotal, in combination with radiation therapy, can often provide good @entity5 control over many years for these rare @entity5 .

2098740

2098741

2098742

Favorable outcomes of radiotherapy for early-stage mucosa-associated XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of @entity1161 ( @entity1161 ) for early-stage mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) @entity706 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity1 with stage IotaE (n=48) and stage capital PE, CyrillicE (n=2) @entity1074 treated with @entity1161 were reviewed. The @entity5 originated in the stomach in 20 @entity1 , in the orbit in 9 @entity1 , in the conjunctiva or eyelid and the parotid glands in 6 @entity1 each, and 9 @entity1 in the others. The median total @entity1161 dose was 32Gy (range, 25.6-50Gy). The median follow-up time was 50 months. RESULTS: Although disease did not recur in the @entity1161 field in any @entity1 regardless of the total dose, disease recurred outside the @entity1161 field in the seven @entity1 . As all recurrences were localized, salvage @entity1161 was performed for each recurrence and achieved complete response without recurrence in the field. The 5-year overall survival, local control, and progression-free survival rates were 96.6%, 100%, and 82.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A total dose of 25-30Gy is appropriate for local control of @entity1074 . @entity1161 is also an effective salvage therapy in cases of localized recurrence.

2098743

2098744

2098745

Corrective force analysis for XXXX from implant rod deformation.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Scoliosis is a serious disease in which a @entity1 spine is abnormally deformed in three dimensions with @entity717 . Surgical treatment is attained when the scoliotic spine is corrected into its normal shape by implant rods and screws fixed into the vertebrae. The three-dimensional corrective forces acting at the screws deformed the implant rod during the surgical treatment of @entity1635 . The objective of this study was to propose a method to analyze the three-dimensional forces acting at the rod using the changes of implant rod geometry before and after the surgical treatment. METHODS: An inverse method based on Finite Element Analysis is proposed. The geometries of implant rod before and after the surgical treatment were measured three dimensionally. The implant rod before the surgical treatment was reconstructed using an elasto-plastic finite element model. The three-dimensional forces were applied iteratively to the rod through the screws such that the rod is deformed the same after the surgical treatment of @entity1635 . FINDINGS: The maximum force acting at the screw of each @entity1 ranged from 198N to 439N. The magnitude of forces was clinically acceptable. The maximum forces occurred at the lowest fixation level of vertebra of each @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: The three-dimensional forces distribution that deformed the rod can be evaluated using the changes of implant geometry. Although the current clinical cases are still few, this study demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the forces that deformed the implant rod after the surgical treatment of @entity1635 .

2098746

2098747

2098748

Engineering fibrotic tissue in XXXX : a novel three-dimensional model to investigate nanoparticle delivery.

multiple_choice

@entity788 contains both fibrotic tissue and @entity5 cells with embedded vasculature. Therefore anti- @entity5 nanoparticles need to extravasate from @entity5 vasculature and permeate thick fibrotic tissue to target @entity5 cells. To date, permeation of drugs has been investigated in vitro using monolayer models. Since three-dimensional migration of nanoparticles cannot be analyzed in a monolayer model, we established a novel, three-dimensional, multilayered, in vitro model of @entity5 fibrotic tissue, using our hierarchical cell manipulation technique with K643f fibroblasts derived from a @entity19 @entity788 model. NIH3T3 normal fibroblasts were used in comparison. We analyzed the size-dependent effect of nanoparticles on permeation in this experimental model using fluorescent dextran molecules of different molecular weights. The system revealed permeation decreased as number of layers of cultured cells increased, or as molecule size increased. Furthermore, we showed changes in permeation depended on the source of the fibroblasts. Observations of this sort cannot be made in conventional monolayer culture systems. Thus our novel technique provides a promising in vitro means to investigate permeation of nanoparticles in fibrotic tissue, when both type and number of fibroblasts can be regulated.

2098749

2098750

2098751

[Endoscopic trans-ethmoid medial orbital wall decompression combined with intraconal fat decompression for XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To present a new mini-invasive surgery for @entity1781 ( @entity1781 ) in @entity6875 ( @entity6875 ) by adequately decompressing the orbital apex and correcting proptosis, and to analyze its results. METHODS: A retrospective chart was reviewed in 29 @entity1 receiving orbital decompression for the treatment of @entity1781 secondary to @entity6875 from October 2006 to May 2011. All @entity1 diagnosed @entity1781 were in stable and inactive phase of @entity6875 at least for 6 months. All @entity1 received endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression to reduce the compression on the orbital apex. In the meanwhile, an endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression was performed to remove parts of intraconal fat with a special aspiration/cutting instrument to further reduce the proptosis. All @entity1 were followed up periodically. RESULTS: of improvement of visual acuity (VA), color vision, and amount of proptosis reduction and incidence of induced @entity892 9 months after surgery was recorded for analysis its feasibility. RESULTS: Forty-five orbits of 29 @entity1 were included in the study. At the 9 months review, 44 of 45 eyes (97.8%) improved their VA from -0.65 0.30 (x s) preoperatively to -0.24 0.22, with a mean improvement of 0.55 0.17 (t=-13.012, P<0.001), 23 of 29 eyes (79.3%) had improved color vision (P<0.001), and the mean reduction in proptosis was (7.07 1.59) mm (range 4-11 mm). Postoperative symmetry to within 2 mm were achieved in all @entity1 . Except 1 @entity1 complaining of deterioration in @entity892 following surgery, no @entity1 presented new on-set @entity892 postoperatively. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic transethmoid medial orbital wall decompression combined with the endoscopic transethmoid intraconal fat-removal orbital decompression is an effective treatment with minimal morbidity for both visional recovery and improvement of proptosis for @entity1781 in @entity6875 .

2098752

2098753

2098754

Survey of @entity15 in northern California. Northern XXXX Study Group.

multiple_choice

A random sample of 493 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 registered with the Northern California Chapter of the National @entity15 Society was surveyed by mail and subsequently interviewed with regard to their @entity15 , life style, diet, medical treatment, family history, and insurance coverage. Of this sample, 168 @entity1 (34%) returned completed questionnaires. The answers on the questionnaire were entered into a database and scores on the extended disability status scale (EDSS), the neurologic rating scale (NRS), the ambulation index (AI), and the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) were determined from the @entity1 's answers to a portion of the questionnaire using a previously validated conversion program. This survey population of 168 @entity1 seemed to represent well both the random sample and the frame population from which it was drawn. @entity1 commonly experienced symptoms for which there are medical treatments currently available such as @entity1494 , @entity1295 , @entity508 , @entity158 , and @entity308 . Surprisingly, however, with the exception of @entity508 , @entity1 were only infrequently treated for these complaints. In addition, despite the recent approval of the beta-interferons and copolymer I in the treatment of @entity15 , only 74% of the appropriate candidates for such treatment had these options discussed with them and only 45% ever actually received such treatment. Certain clinical features and dietary habits were strongly associated with both EDSS scores and total disability. Not unexpectedly, either a @entity74 or the presence of @entity51 in any one of a number of functional areas (e.g. bladder, vision, @entity73 , etc.) correlated with higher EDSS scores and greater total disability. Fatigue was also strongly correlated with disability. Indeed, @entity1295 accounted (in whole or in part) for 65% of the disability experienced by @entity1 ; an observation which only underscores the fact that fewer than one third of the @entity1 who experience @entity1295 have ever been tried on medications. Interestingly, the only factors associated with lower EDSS scores and less total disability were exercise and @entity167 consumption. Such associations from a single survey, however, do not establish causation. It is the purpose of this study to establish a baseline level of function within this survey population so that future surveys in the same set of individuals can allow a prospective assessment of how health outcome has influenced different aspects of the @entity1 's medical care, lifestyle, and insurance coverage.

2098755

2098756

2098757

Survey of XXXX in northern California. Northern @entity15 Study Group.

multiple_choice

A random sample of 493 @entity15 ( @entity15 ) @entity1 registered with the Northern California Chapter of the National @entity15 Society was surveyed by mail and subsequently interviewed with regard to their @entity15 , life style, diet, medical treatment, family history, and insurance coverage. Of this sample, 168 @entity1 (34%) returned completed questionnaires. The answers on the questionnaire were entered into a database and scores on the extended disability status scale (EDSS), the neurologic rating scale (NRS), the ambulation index (AI), and the @entity717 ( @entity717 ) were determined from the @entity1 's answers to a portion of the questionnaire using a previously validated conversion program. This survey population of 168 @entity1 seemed to represent well both the random sample and the frame population from which it was drawn. @entity1 commonly experienced symptoms for which there are medical treatments currently available such as @entity1494 , @entity1295 , @entity508 , @entity158 , and @entity308 . Surprisingly, however, with the exception of @entity508 , @entity1 were only infrequently treated for these complaints. In addition, despite the recent approval of the beta-interferons and copolymer I in the treatment of @entity15 , only 74% of the appropriate candidates for such treatment had these options discussed with them and only 45% ever actually received such treatment. Certain clinical features and dietary habits were strongly associated with both EDSS scores and total disability. Not unexpectedly, either a @entity74 or the presence of @entity51 in any one of a number of functional areas (e.g. bladder, vision, @entity73 , etc.) correlated with higher EDSS scores and greater total disability. Fatigue was also strongly correlated with disability. Indeed, @entity1295 accounted (in whole or in part) for 65% of the disability experienced by @entity1 ; an observation which only underscores the fact that fewer than one third of the @entity1 who experience @entity1295 have ever been tried on medications. Interestingly, the only factors associated with lower EDSS scores and less total disability were exercise and @entity167 consumption. Such associations from a single survey, however, do not establish causation. It is the purpose of this study to establish a baseline level of function within this survey population so that future surveys in the same set of individuals can allow a prospective assessment of how health outcome has influenced different aspects of the @entity1 's medical care, lifestyle, and insurance coverage.

2098758

2098759

2098760

Osborn (J) wave appearance on the electrocardiogram in relation to potassium transfer and myocardial metabolism during XXXX .

multiple_choice

The genesis of the J wave during @entity2332 has been attributed to injury current, delayed @entity67 and early repolarization, tissue @entity519 , and @entity520 . To our knowledge, no studies have addressed the appearance of the J wave in relation to the myocardial K+ transfer and metabolism during @entity2332 . @entity235 (n = 9) were progressively cooled, blood samples were taken from the aorta and coronary sinus, and myocardial tissue samples were obtained for @entity855 ( @entity855 ), @entity1734 (CP), and glycolytic intermediate determination. In every instance, the appearance of the J wave was preceded by a net loss of K+ from the myocardium. In one @entity235 , there was no myocardial K+ loss and the J wave was absent. The J wave appeared when the esophageal temperature was between 27 degrees and 24 degrees C (26.6 +/- 0.73 degrees C). At that temperature, the animals were @entity551 and bradycardic, but arterial @entity26 partial pressure, @entity544 partial pressure, and pH were within the physiologic range at that temperature. The myocardial @entity855 and CP from the hypothermic @entity235 was lower compared with the value obtained from @entity235 at 37 degrees C (p < .025 and p < .005, respectively). The levels of the glycolytic intermediates, @entity4567 , @entity12036 , and @entity2388 , were lower and the level of lactate was higher compared with those from the normothermic @entity235 (not significant; p < .007, p < .02, p < .001, respectively). These findings suggest that the appearance of the J wave on electrocardiography during cooling is a result of @entity308 of the metabolic process concerned with maintenance of the partition of ions across the cell membrane, as evidenced by decreased myocardial energy content and K+ loss during the hypothermic state.

2098761

2098762

2098763

Cardiovascular risk profile and risk stratification of the XXXX population attended by general practitioners and specialists in Spain. The CONTROLRISK study.

multiple_choice

The CONTROLRISK study was designed to determine the cardiovascular risk profile of the @entity101 population attended at primary care and specialist setting in Spain and to investigate whether physicians stratify the risk correctly, according to the 2003 European guidelines. A total of 8920 @entity1 were recruited from primary care (n=4485) and specialist outpatient clinic (n=4435). The age criteria was 62.6+/-11.1 years; 51.6% were @entity1 . No differences were observed in the severity of @entity101 . More than 85% presented other cardiovascular risk factors, similarly in both groups. @entity16 ( @entity16 ) and associated clinical conditions (ACC) were more frequent in specialist setting (57.6 vs 34.3% and 39 vs 28.7%, both P<0.0001). The most common risk factor was age. The most frequently reported @entity16 was @entity4346 (42.3 and 22.1%; P<0.0001). @entity741 was the most common ACC (21.5 vs 13.1%; P<0.0001). The risk profile was significantly higher in specialist population (75.1 vs 60.3% of @entity1 belonged to high- or very high-risk groups). Specialists and primary care physicians stratified only 54.6 and 48% of their @entity1 correctly, respectively (P<0.05). Both, specialists and general practitioners (GPs) strongly underestimated the risk. Very high-risk @entity1 were adequately assessed only in 44.9% of cases by specialists and in 25.3% by GPs (P<0.001). More than half of the @entity101 @entity1 attended by GPs in Spain belong to the high- or very high-risk groups. GPs and specialists tend to underestimate the cardiovascular risk in daily clinical practice, mainly in very high-risk @entity1 .

2098764

2098765

2098766

XXXX : current knowledge and controversies in @entity1368 .

multiple_choice

@entity1368 has been recognized as a common cause of secondary @entity101 , accounting for approximately 10% of the @entity101 population. Screening should be applied in @entity101 @entity1 presenting with one of the following: @entity1371 , refractory @entity101 , suggestive family history, or an incidentally detected @entity774 . The most advocated screening test at present is the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio, which has a high sensitivity but low specificity. The specificity increases if @entity1 with low @entity1369 concentrations are excluded. Published cut-off values vary depending on the hormone assay and the investigated population. Before screening, antihypertensive treatment, especially @entity1369 antagonists and beta-blockers, should be discontinued. A pathologic result requires additional work up to prove mineralocorticoid excess. Subtype differentiation is performed by adrenal venous sampling combined with imaging (CT or MRI). One-third of cases are due to @entity1369 -producing @entity652 , for which the preferred treatment is laparoscopic adrenalectomy. @entity774 ( @entity1368 ) underlies two-thirds of cases and requires treatment with @entity1369 antagonists. Treatment is started with low doses of @entity1482 (25-50 mg once daily), which often results in substantial improvements in @entity101 .

2098767

2098768

2098769

@entity1368 : current knowledge and controversies in XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity1368 has been recognized as a common cause of secondary @entity101 , accounting for approximately 10% of the @entity101 population. Screening should be applied in @entity101 @entity1 presenting with one of the following: @entity1371 , refractory @entity101 , suggestive family history, or an incidentally detected @entity774 . The most advocated screening test at present is the @entity1369 -to- @entity916 ratio, which has a high sensitivity but low specificity. The specificity increases if @entity1 with low @entity1369 concentrations are excluded. Published cut-off values vary depending on the hormone assay and the investigated population. Before screening, antihypertensive treatment, especially @entity1369 antagonists and beta-blockers, should be discontinued. A pathologic result requires additional work up to prove mineralocorticoid excess. Subtype differentiation is performed by adrenal venous sampling combined with imaging (CT or MRI). One-third of cases are due to @entity1369 -producing @entity652 , for which the preferred treatment is laparoscopic adrenalectomy. @entity774 ( @entity1368 ) underlies two-thirds of cases and requires treatment with @entity1369 antagonists. Treatment is started with low doses of @entity1482 (25-50 mg once daily), which often results in substantial improvements in @entity101 .

2098770

2098771

2098772

Effects of XXXX oxidase inhibitor on @entity2316 in OLETF @entity35 : the role of reducing oxidative stress in its protective property.

multiple_choice

@entity2316 is the most serious complication in @entity6 . Oxidative stress via @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) pathway play critical roles in the development of @entity2316 . We evaluated the effects of @entity12824 , @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor on @entity2316 in a type 2 @entity6 @entity35 model. Sixteen Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 and 9 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) were divided into the following three groups: LETO @entity35 (n=9), control OLETF @entity35 (n=7) and @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 (n=9). We examined body weights, plasma @entity413 levels, urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio (ACR) and protein-creatinine ratio (PCR). At 50 weeks, experimental @entity35 were sacrificed and their kidneys were extracted for @entity1710 eosin stain, immunohistochemical @entity6667 stain and @entity6667 mRNA real-time RT-PCR. To examine oxidative stress, we checked 24h urinary @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and @entity1865 ( @entity1234 ). Urinary protein and albumin excretions were reduced after @entity12824 treatment, though @entity12824 could not significantly decrease serum @entity413 levels. There were improvements of glomerular and mesangial expansion in the @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 . @entity12824 significantly decreased optical density of glomerular @entity6667 expression in immunohistochemical stain and reduced the concentration of 24h urinary @entity7599 and @entity1865 . From these results, it was suggested that @entity12824 may have the potential to protect against @entity2316 via amelioration of oxidative stress.

2098773

2098774

2098775

Effects of @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor on XXXX in OLETF @entity35 : the role of reducing oxidative stress in its protective property.

multiple_choice

@entity2316 is the most serious complication in @entity6 . Oxidative stress via @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) pathway play critical roles in the development of @entity2316 . We evaluated the effects of @entity12824 , @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor on @entity2316 in a type 2 @entity6 @entity35 model. Sixteen Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 and 9 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) were divided into the following three groups: LETO @entity35 (n=9), control OLETF @entity35 (n=7) and @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 (n=9). We examined body weights, plasma @entity413 levels, urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio (ACR) and protein-creatinine ratio (PCR). At 50 weeks, experimental @entity35 were sacrificed and their kidneys were extracted for @entity1710 eosin stain, immunohistochemical @entity6667 stain and @entity6667 mRNA real-time RT-PCR. To examine oxidative stress, we checked 24h urinary @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and @entity1865 ( @entity1234 ). Urinary protein and albumin excretions were reduced after @entity12824 treatment, though @entity12824 could not significantly decrease serum @entity413 levels. There were improvements of glomerular and mesangial expansion in the @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 . @entity12824 significantly decreased optical density of glomerular @entity6667 expression in immunohistochemical stain and reduced the concentration of 24h urinary @entity7599 and @entity1865 . From these results, it was suggested that @entity12824 may have the potential to protect against @entity2316 via amelioration of oxidative stress.

2098776

2098777

2098778

Effects of @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor on @entity2316 in OLETF XXXX : the role of reducing oxidative stress in its protective property.

multiple_choice

@entity2316 is the most serious complication in @entity6 . Oxidative stress via @entity1110 ( @entity1110 ) oxidase and @entity6667 ( @entity6667 ) pathway play critical roles in the development of @entity2316 . We evaluated the effects of @entity12824 , @entity1110 oxidase inhibitor on @entity2316 in a type 2 @entity6 @entity35 model. Sixteen Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) @entity35 and 9 Long Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) were divided into the following three groups: LETO @entity35 (n=9), control OLETF @entity35 (n=7) and @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 (n=9). We examined body weights, plasma @entity413 levels, urinary albumin- @entity1011 ratio (ACR) and protein-creatinine ratio (PCR). At 50 weeks, experimental @entity35 were sacrificed and their kidneys were extracted for @entity1710 eosin stain, immunohistochemical @entity6667 stain and @entity6667 mRNA real-time RT-PCR. To examine oxidative stress, we checked 24h urinary @entity7599 ( @entity7599 ) and @entity1865 ( @entity1234 ). Urinary protein and albumin excretions were reduced after @entity12824 treatment, though @entity12824 could not significantly decrease serum @entity413 levels. There were improvements of glomerular and mesangial expansion in the @entity12824 -treated OLETF @entity35 . @entity12824 significantly decreased optical density of glomerular @entity6667 expression in immunohistochemical stain and reduced the concentration of 24h urinary @entity7599 and @entity1865 . From these results, it was suggested that @entity12824 may have the potential to protect against @entity2316 via amelioration of oxidative stress.

2098779

2098780

2098781

A value-based medicine comparison of interventions for subfoveal XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To perform a value-based medicine analysis of clinical trials that evaluate the interventions of laser photocoagulation, intravitreal @entity15127 therapy, and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for the treatment of classic subfoveal @entity1940 . DESIGN: Reference case cost-utility analysis using value-based medicine principles, which use @entity1 -based utility values and standardized, input variable criteria. @entity1 : Data from @entity1 in the Macular Photocoagulation Study, @entity15127 for Neovascular Age-Related @entity1020 Study, and the Treatment of Age-Related @entity1020 with Photodynamic Therapy Study. METHODS: Visual data were converted to a value-based format using time tradeoff utility analysis values from @entity1 with @entity1020 . Costs were obtained from 2005 Medicare data. Outcomes (quality-adjusted life-years [QALYs]) and costs were discounted at a 3% annual rate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Interventional QALYs gained, percent improvement in quality of life, and dollars spent per QALY gained. RESULTS: Laser photocoagulation confers a 4.4% (P = 0.03 versus @entity15127 therapy) improvement in quality of life for the reference case, whereas @entity15127 therapy confers a 5.9% improvement and PDT confers an 8.1% (P = 0.0002 versus @entity15127 therapy) improvement. The cost-utility associated with laser photocoagulation is 8179, that for @entity15127 therapy is 66978, and that for PDT is 31544. All sensitivity analyses remain within the conventional standards of cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy confers greater @entity1 value than intravitreal @entity15127 therapy and laser photocoagulation for the treatment of classic subfoveal @entity1940 . Despite the fact that laser photocoagulation is the most cost-effective intervention, both PDT and @entity15127 therapy deliver greater value, and thus are both preferred over laser photocoagulation. Using an economic measure, photodynamic therapy is the preferred treatment among these 3 interventions.

2098782

2098783

2098784

Identification of multiple osteoclast precursor populations in XXXX bone marrow.

multiple_choice

@entity19 BM was fractionated using a series of hematopoietic markers to characterize its osteoclast progenitor populations. We found that the early osteoclastogenic activity in total BM was recapitulated by a population of cells contained within the @entity3804 (-/low) @entity8236 - @entity5168 - @entity17224 high fraction. INTRODUCTION: Osteoclasts are of hematopoietic origin and they have been shown to share the same lineage as macrophages. We further characterized the phenotype of osteoclast progenitor populations in @entity19 bone marrow (BM) by analyzing their cell surface markers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) to identify the subsets of BM cells that contained osteoclast progenitors. We fractionated BM according to several markers and cultured the sorted populations for a period of 2-6 days with @entity9827 ( @entity9827 ) and @entity5271 . The numbers of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) that formed in the cultures were counted. RESULTS: We found that the @entity8236 - @entity3804 (-/low) population recapitulated the early osteoclastogenic activity of total BM. In addition, although previous experiments indicated that osteoclastogenic activity was enriched within the @entity8236 + population, we found that highly purified @entity8236 + BM was incapable of differentiating into osteoclasts in vitro. We also found that @entity8236 - @entity3804 (high) BM cells were an inefficient source of osteoclast progenitors. However, @entity3804 was transiently upregulated by cells of the @entity8236 - @entity3804 (-/low) fraction early (within 24 h) during culture with @entity9827 . Finally, further fractionation of BM using @entity17224 and @entity17777 showed that, as osteoclast precursor cells matured, they downregulate @entity17777 but remain @entity17224 +. Curiously, pure populations of @entity17777 - (CD115high) cells isolated fresh from BM have low osteoclastogenic activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: We provided a refined analysis of the precise subpopulations of @entity19 BM that are capable of differentiating into OCLs in vitro when treated with @entity9827 and @entity5271 .

2098785

2098786

2098787

[GEOS (Gabitril Epilepsy Observational Study) -- Polish results of the international study of tiagabine in XXXX ].

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tiagabine (TGB) is a new antiepileptic drug with a unique mechanism of action, with efficacy and tolerance confirmed in many randomized, placebo-controlled add-on trials in @entity1 with @entity302 . The main aim of the international GEOS study (Gabitril Epilepsy Observational Study) was to analyze the efficacy and safety of TGB as an add-on therapy in everyday clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 260 @entity1 from Poland (1227 in the whole study) were enrolled (mean age 35.0+/-13.7 years). 53% had @entity302 , 25% idiopathic, 12% cryptogenic, in remaining 10% of @entity1 the etiology of the @entity302 had not been determined. 69% of @entity1 had @entity410 ( @entity410 ), 60% of @entity1 had secondary generalized tonic @entity410 (SGTCS) and 32% of @entity1 had @entity410 ( @entity410 ). The @entity1 were observed for 12 months. RESULTS: The full study was completed by 201 (76%) of @entity1 . The mean TGB dose received at the end of the study was 31,3+/-12 mg/day. At the end of the study, i. e. after 12 months, 75% @entity1 with SP, 67% @entity1 with SGTCS and 48% @entity1 with @entity410 were free of @entity410 . 94% of @entity1 with @entity410 , 92% @entity1 with SGTCS and 91% of @entity1 with @entity410 had 50% or more reduction in @entity410 versus baseline. TGB was well-tolerated, adverse events appeared in 14% of @entity1 and had mild or moderate severity. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results confirmed that TGB was effective and well-tolerated in everyday clinical practice when given as add-on therapy to @entity1 with @entity302 .

2098788

2098789

2098790

Fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate @entity1141 in XXXX : a pilot study.

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BACKGROUND: Histological disagreement is frequent in the diagnosis and grading of @entity1141 in @entity355 ( @entity355 ). AIMS: To identify selective markers for @entity1141 in @entity355 and to improve the differentiation between low-grade @entity1141 (LGD) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: Eight @entity355 esophageal mucosectomies (7 males) were analyzed by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry for @entity876 and Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, 4, 8, 17, 18. The female mucosectomy was considered as a control for the XY probe. RESULTS: @entity876 confirmed @entity5278 in all cases. All @entity1 displayed @entity101 , 8, 17 and 18 along the sequence of @entity5 progression. There was also a trend for chromosome 8 to be below the FISH cutoff; 50% of cases showed aneusomy for chromosome 18 in areas with differing grades of @entity1141 . Aneusomy was increased for chromosomes 4 and 17, to a similar extent in LGD and @entity1893 . In male specimens, the presence of chromosome Y was revealed in @entity355 and LGD, but not in @entity1893 and @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: FISH in @entity355 may be useful diagnostic to confirm the diagnosis of @entity1893 . @entity393 might be a selective marker of @entity1893 in male @entity1 .

2098791

2098792

2098793

Fluorescence in situ hybridization to evaluate XXXX in @entity355 : a pilot study.

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BACKGROUND: Histological disagreement is frequent in the diagnosis and grading of @entity1141 in @entity355 ( @entity355 ). AIMS: To identify selective markers for @entity1141 in @entity355 and to improve the differentiation between low-grade @entity1141 (LGD) and @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ). METHODS: Eight @entity355 esophageal mucosectomies (7 males) were analyzed by conventional histology and immunohistochemistry for @entity876 and Fluorescence In situ Hybridization (FISH) for chromosomes X, Y, 4, 8, 17, 18. The female mucosectomy was considered as a control for the XY probe. RESULTS: @entity876 confirmed @entity5278 in all cases. All @entity1 displayed @entity101 , 8, 17 and 18 along the sequence of @entity5 progression. There was also a trend for chromosome 8 to be below the FISH cutoff; 50% of cases showed aneusomy for chromosome 18 in areas with differing grades of @entity1141 . Aneusomy was increased for chromosomes 4 and 17, to a similar extent in LGD and @entity1893 . In male specimens, the presence of chromosome Y was revealed in @entity355 and LGD, but not in @entity1893 and @entity189 . CONCLUSIONS: FISH in @entity355 may be useful diagnostic to confirm the diagnosis of @entity1893 . @entity393 might be a selective marker of @entity1893 in male @entity1 .

2098794

2098795

2098796

Solvent participation in XXXX endonuclease complexes.

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The monomer and dimer of the bacterium @entity5134 endonuclease (SMnase) are each catalytically active and the two subunits of the dimer function independently of each other. Specific interfacial waters may play a role in stability, complex formation, and functionality. We performed molecular dynamics simulations of both a subunit of SMnase and its model built complex with DNA and analyzed the relation of the hydration sites to the catalytic mechanism. It was found that the binding of DNA has little influence on the global hydration properties of the protein, including occupancy and water residence time distributions. DNA and protein recognition in our model mainly involves direct contacts by @entity3884 bond and hydrophobic interactions. Water-mediated contacts exist, but are less common. Three interior water clusters were identified for SMnase. One cluster around the active site in the monomer-DNA complex shows relatively strong interactions between hydration sites as well as between the sites and the biomolecules. The simulated cluster properties agreed well with experimental data. The @entity1760 ion shows ligand exchange. Although Mg2+ keeps six ligands during the entire simulation, upon the binding of DNA, @entity2734 119 loses its coordination with @entity1025 , while one nonbridging @entity26 of the @entity1391 of a DNA residue and two @entity26 atoms of the side chain of @entity367 127 become the ligands. Waters in a nearby cluster exchange and participate in the resolvation of groups in the presence of DNA. Water thus not only participates in the cleavage of DNA but also can stabilize the transition state and the leaving groups in our model.

2098797

2098798

2098799

Tibiotalar joint arthrodesis for the treatment of severe ankle joint degeneration secondary to XXXX .

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The technical aspects of fusion of the rheumatoid ankle do not deviate from those in the post-traumatic or osteoarthritic ankle. Screw fixation can usually be achieved, and rarely is fixation failure a problem in @entity309 . If fixation is difficult because of @entity79 , external fixation or locking intramedullary nails should be used. The placement of cannulated screws and adequacy of screw fixation has not been a problem (Fig. 13). Screw fixation provides compression and prevents rotation. The surgeon, however, needs to be assured that no screws invade the subtalar joint and that all threads are beyond the arthrodesis site. A washer may be necessary for further stability if this screw is not inserted at too great an angle. The authors have found that troughing out of the cortical surface of the tibia with a power bur aids in screw insertion. Not only does the trough act as a countersink, but it also provides a path for screw insertion and prevents palpable screw irritation. Malalignment is unforgiving. The foot must be placed neutral to dorsiflexion and plantarflexion. Equinus positioning places added stress on the tibia and a back-knee gait occurs. Approximately 5 degrees of valgus is recommended, and varus positioning is unforgiving. Internal and external rotation is determined by the position of the contralateral extremity. Nonunion does not seem to be a problem with rigid internal fixation to any greater degree in @entity1 with @entity309 . Despite this, @entity1 may continue to have @entity158 despite solid fusion, which can be caused by @entity85 , @entity158 , or adjacent joint pathology. Additionally, @entity1 may experience @entity158 above the fusion site consistent with @entity1642 , which is more common if the subtalar or midtarsal joint is rigid or if the @entity1 is @entity28 . A rocker sole shoe with impact-absorbing soles used after brief periods of guarded mobilization in a removable walking cast alleviates this stress on the tibia. Neurovascular insult can be avoided with careful dissection direct to bone, incisions placed in nerve-free zones, and avoidance of plunging deep posteriorly-medially and anteriorly when dissecting and resecting surfaces. Arthrodesis of the tibiotalar joint in the @entity1 with @entity309 should be performed to relieve severe @entity158 caused by advanced @entity4040 . Achieving a solid arthrodesis does not seem to be a problem and provides the @entity1 with @entity158 relief; however, marked improvement in @entity1 function and level of activity remains limited by the nature of @entity309 and adjacent joint involvement.