Datasets:

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2097600

2097601

2097602

Use of uroflow parameters in diagnosing an XXXX -Back to the drawing board.

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of our study was to analyze whether uroflowmetry parameters are helpful in diagnosing @entity2182 (OAB). The working hypothesis was that the flow curves of @entity1 with OAB symptoms would appear as a sharp peak flow rate with a short duration and high amplitude, lasting only for a short period during urgency sensation, followed by reduced urine flow. We introduced a new parameter called flow index (FI) defined as an average divided by maximal urine flow rates as a potential marker for diagnosing OAB. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study analyzing 757 urodynamic studies performed in @entity1 with lower urinary tract symptoms between 2007-2014. Based on subjective clinical symptoms @entity1 were divided into four groups (pure OAB, mixed @entity322 with predominant OAB [MUI-OAB], mixed @entity322 with predominant SUI [MUI-SUI], and pure SUI @entity1 ). RESULTS: When comparing FI between pure OAB and pure SUI @entity1 , a strong statistically significant difference was found (mean 0.45 0.08 vs. 0.53 0.09, respectively; P < 0.001). Similar results were found when comparing the @entity1 with pure OAB and MUI-OAB versus @entity1 with pure SUI and MUI-SUI (mean 0.47 0.11 vs. 0.53 0.09, respectively; P < 0.001). On the other hand, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the FI value between mixed @entity322 where SUI is the predominant factor and pure SUI groups (median 0.51 0.09 vs. 0.53 0.09, respectively; P > 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: FI may be used as an additional marker for OAB diagnosis. Neurourol. Urodynam. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2097603

2097604

2097605

XXXX and suicide at the population level--the Canadian experience.

multiple_choice

Studies suggest that the population level link between @entity167 and suicide differs across countries and between @entity1 and @entity1 . The aim of this paper was to estimate the relationship between @entity167 consumption and suicide in Canada and to put the results in a comparative perspective. The relationship was elucidated for whole Canada, different provinces and also separately for @entity1 and @entity1 . The total suicide rate in Canada increased significantly by around 4% as @entity167 consumption increased by one litre per capita, suggesting that approximately 25 - 30% of Canadian suicides were related to @entity167 . The relationship was stronger for @entity1 than for @entity1 . A significant effect was found in all provinces except from Quebec, but the overall regional variation was not statistically significant. In an international perspective, the relationship for @entity1 was somewhat weaker than in Sweden and Norway, but larger than in Finland, the United States and Southern European countries. For @entity1 , the association was similar to what is found in the United States and Finland, weaker than in Sweden, Norway and Russia but stronger than in Southern European countries. The results only partly support the idea that intoxication frequency explains national differences in this relationship. Possible explanations for the stronger association among @entity1 are also discussed.

2097606

2097607

2097608

The relation of step length to MRI detected structural damage in the patellofemoral joint: The XXXX Study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Investigate the relation of step length to the sex-specific prevalence and worsening of MRI-detected structural damage in the patellofemoral joint (PFJ) among a cohort of older @entity1 and @entity1 with or at risk for @entity626 ( @entity571 ). METHODS: The @entity571 ( @entity571 ) Study is a cohort study of @entity1 aged 50-79 years with or at risk for knee @entity571 . Step length was assessed using the GAITRite system at the 60-month visit and @entity16 and @entity236 ( @entity236 ) were graded on MRI at the 60 and 84-month visits. We divided step length into sex-specific quintiles and examined the relation of step length to the prevalence and worsening of @entity16 and @entity236 in the PFJ using logistic regression, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), leg length and @entity75 . RESULTS: 4094 and 4083 PFJ subregions from 1053 knees were studied for the cartilage and BML analyses, respectively. Mean age was 65.6 ( 8.1) years and mean BMI was 29.1 ( 4.7) kg/m(2) ; 62% were female. In @entity1 , compared to those with the shortest step length those with the longest step length had 0.62 (0.43, 0.88) and 0.59 (0.40, 0.87) times the odds of @entity16 and @entity236 , respectively. There was no cross-sectional association in @entity1 , and no longitudinal association in either sex. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with PFJ structural damage may adapt their gait by shortening their step length, but this may not be sufficient to reduce risk of worsening damage over time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

2097609

2097610

2097611

The hanging manoeuver to complete liver resection for a locally advanced XXXX : A case report.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity5426 arising in the liver are rare @entity5 in the Western world. We report a case of a locally advanced primary @entity99 and also describe the manoeuvres used to achieve operative resection. PRESENTATION OF A CASE: A 52-year old @entity1 presented with vague right upper @entity158 . Abdominal imaging revealed a @entity5 in the right liver measuring 15centimetres in maximal diameter. Although the @entity5 was deemed to be resectable, there was free fluid in the right paracolic gutter suggestive of @entity397 . Intra-operatively, the peritoneal cavity was noted to be free of @entity3 . However, @entity5 was adherent to the diaphragm precluding traditional mobilization of the liver. Therefore, a modified hanging manoeuvre was performed using a nasogastric tube. This allowed controlled mobilization of the right liver, parenchymal transection and en-bloc resection of the diaphragm with good hemostasis. Histologic examination revealed a @entity5426 with uninvolved margins. DISCUSSION: When they occur, primary @entity99 are most often locally advanced. Nevertheless, surgeons should be aggressive in the pursuit of complete resections because this is the only therapeutic modality that has been shown to have a survival advantage. CONCLUSION: Hepatobiliary surgeons should keep the hanging manoeuver in their armamentarium when performing complex liver resections for locally advanced @entity5426 .

2097612

2097613

2097614

Positive trends in neurosurgery enrollment and XXXX : analysis of the 2000-2009 female neurosurgery resident cohort.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: OBJECT @entity1 compose a minority of neurosurgery residents, averaging just over 10% of matched applicants per year during this decade. A recent review by Lynch et al. raises the concern that @entity1 may be at a higher risk than @entity1 for @entity6661 , based on analysis of a cohort matched between 1990 and 1999. This manuscript aims to characterize the trends in enrollment, @entity6661 , and postattrition careers for @entity1 who matched in neurosurgery between 2000 and 2009. METHODS Databases from the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) were analyzed for all residents who matched into neurosurgery during the years 2000-2009. Residents were sorted by female gender, matched against graduation records, and if graduation was not reported from neurosurgery residency programs, an Internet search was used to determine the residents' alternative path. The primary outcome was to determine the number of @entity1 residents who did not complete neurosurgery training programs during 2000-2009. Secondary outcomes included the total number of @entity1 who matched into neurosurgery per year, year in training in which @entity6661 occurred, and alternative career paths that these @entity1 chose to pursue. RESULTS @entity1 comprised 240 of 1992 (12%) matched neurosurgery residents during 2000-2009. Among female residents there was a 17% @entity6661 rate, compared with a 5.3% male @entity6661 rate, with an overall @entity6661 rate of 6.7%. The majority who left the field did so within the first 3 years of neurosurgical training and stayed in medicine-pursuing anesthesia, neurology, and radiology. CONCLUSIONS Although the percentage of @entity1 entering neurosurgical residency has continued to increase, this number is still disproportionate to the overall number of @entity1 in medicine. The female @entity6661 rate in neurosurgery in the 2000-2009 cohort is comparable to that of the other surgical specialties, but for neurosurgery, there is disparity between the male and female @entity6661 rates. @entity1 who left the field tended to stay within medicine and usually pursued a neuroscience-related career. Given the need for talented @entity1 to pursue neurosurgery and the increasing numbers of @entity1 matching annually, the recruitment and retention of @entity1 in neurosurgery should be benchmarked and assessed.

2097615

2097616

2097617

Pseudomeningocele With Orbital Extension as a Complication of Fronto-Orbital Advancement and Remodeling in XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIM: The authors present a series of @entity1 who developed a pseudomeningocele following fronto-orbital advancement and remodeling (FOAR), describing clinical presentation, investigations, and management. Risk factors are identified and preventative strategies suggested. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2002 to 2012, all @entity1 who underwent FOAR at our unit were identified. Those who developed a pseudomeningocele were selected and case notes, scan imaging and photographs were reviewed. RESULTS: Two hundred thirty-six FOAR operations were carried out over 12 consecutive years. Sixty-one of these @entity1 were syndromic. A pseudomeningocele occurred in 6 @entity1 . All affected cases were syndromic. Clinical features of presentation with orbital pseudomeningocele included @entity2694 , @entity1736 , @entity5768 , and/or hypoglobus. @entity428 ( @entity428 ) was managed before pseudomeningocele repair in 2 @entity1 , at the time of pseudomeningocele repair using an extra-ventricular drain (EVD) or lumbar drain in 4 @entity1 . Decompression of the pseudomeningocele with excision and duraplsty was carried out in 5 @entity1 , 1 @entity1 required excision of gliotic brain and obliteration of dead space. Four @entity1 had a calvarial graft to manage the @entity154 and a further 2 had a @entity702 mesh. None of the @entity1 had a recurrence of the pseudomeningocele or any long-term ocular or aesthetic complications. CONCLUSION: Pseudomeningocele has not previously been described in FOAR, but in a large series of consecutive @entity1 , we have identified a 2.5% incidence. This incidence increases to 10% in the syndromic population of @entity1 undergoing FOAR. The risk factors include a diagnosis of @entity91 , @entity937 , @entity1276 or raised @entity428 , @entity281 , persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, or presence of dead space. Preventative strategies include CSF management before or post-FOAR. The ultimate treatment of the pseudomeningocele and growing @entity174 involves surgical decompression of the collection, a duraplasty, reconstruction of the orbital roof, and temporary CSF diversion.

2097618

2097619

2097620

Transcriptome Profiling of Pediatric Core Binding Factor XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The t(8;21) and @entity41579 (16) translocations disrupt the normal function of core binding factors alpha ( @entity46992 ) and beta ( @entity17793 ), respectively. These translocations represent two of the most common genomic abnormalities in @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) @entity1 , occurring in approximately 25% pediatric and 15% of adult with this malignancy. Both translocations are associated with favorable clinical outcomes after intensive chemotherapy, and given the perceived mechanistic similarities, @entity1 with these translocations are frequently referred to as having CBF- @entity3052 . It remains uncertain as to whether, collectively, these translocations are mechanistically the same or impact different pathways in subtle ways that have both biological and clinical significance. Therefore, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to investigate the similarities and differences in genes and pathways between these subtypes of pediatric AMLs. Diagnostic RNA from @entity1 with t(8;21) (N = 17), @entity41579 (16) (N = 14), and normal karyotype (NK, N = 33) were subjected to RNA-seq. Analyses compared the transcriptomes across these three cytogenetic subtypes, using the NK cohort as the control. A total of 1291 genes in t(8;21) and 474 genes in @entity41579 (16) were differentially expressed relative to the NK controls, with 198 genes differentially expressed in both subtypes. The majority of these genes (175/198; binomial test p-value < 10-30) are consistent in expression changes among the two subtypes suggesting the expression profiles are more similar between the CBF cohorts than in the NK cohort. Our analysis also revealed alternative splicing events (ASEs) differentially expressed across subtypes, with 337 t(8;21)-specific and 407 @entity41579 (16)-specific ASEs detected, the majority of which were acetylated proteins (p = 1.5x10-51 and p = 1.8x10-54 for the two subsets). In addition to known fusions, we identified and verified 16 de novo fusions in 43 @entity1 , including three fusions involving @entity41791 in six @entity1 . Clustering of differentially expressed genes indicated that the homeobox (HOX) gene family, including two transcription factors ( @entity23503 and @entity57073 ) were down-regulated in CBF compared to NK samples. This finding supports existing data that the dysregulation of HOX genes play a central role in biology CBF- @entity3052 hematopoiesis. These data provide comprehensive transcriptome profiling of CBF- @entity3052 and delineate genes and pathways that are differentially expressed, providing insights into the shared biology as well as differences in the two CBF subsets.

2097621

2097622

2097623

Allograft arthrodesis of the knee in high-grade XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of massive allograft arthrodesis in the management of high-grade @entity421 around the knee. METHODS: The results of 19 @entity1 with high-grade @entity421 around the knee, which was treated by wide resection and reconstruction using allograft arthrodesis, were evaluated for a mean length of 7.3 years (range, 3-13 years). The mean age at the time of surgery was 13.3 years (range, 6-27 years). According to the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society staging system, 17 @entity1 were stage IIB and 2 were stage IIIB at presentation. Evaluations were based on the oncologic results, @entity532 . Functional evaluation was performed with the Enneking functional evaluation form. RESULTS: Four @entity1 (21.1%) died of their disease; 3 (15.8%) are alive with disease; and 12 (63.2%) are free of disease. Four @entity1 (21.1%) had local recurrence of their @entity5 at a mean of 23 months postoperatively (range, 9-44 months). The mean time to union of the metaphyseal junction was 24.7 weeks (range, 16-30 weeks) and the diaphyseal junction was 47 weeks (range, 24-78 weeks). The overall complication rate was 31.6%, including 2 (10.5%) infections, 3 (15.8%) allograft fractures, and 1 (5.3%) nonunion. Our mean final functional result was 65%. CONCLUSION: Due to the high rate of complications in this study, we conclude that allograft arthrodesis should be left as a salvage or "back-up" reconstructive procedure after resection of @entity421 around the knee, unless there are special indications for this procedure. We found allograft fracture to be the most common complication.

2097624

2097625

2097626

Watchful waiting versus interval appendectomy for @entity1 who recovered from acute appendicitis with XXXX formation: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Interval appendectomy after conservative treatment of @entity698 with @entity5 formation remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of interval appendectomy based on a cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study including @entity698 @entity1 with @entity5 formation who received conservative treatment at first admission to Taipei Veterans General Hospital between January 1998 and December 2003. Demographic data, rate of @entity698 , and medical costs were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 165 @entity1 , 1 died after an acute @entity583 . The rate of recurrence of @entity698 after conservative treatment was 25.5%. The median cost of follow-up after conservative treatment was NT24,344 dollars. The median cost of interval appendectomy was NT47,746 dollars. The median cost of appendectomy after @entity698 was NT62,135 dollars. Routine interval appendectomy in all 164 @entity1 would have cost NT7,830,344 dollars. The follow-up protocol with appendectomy after recurrence cost NT5,655,220 dollars. An additional NT2,175,124 dollars (38%) would have been needed for routine interval appendectomy compared with the follow-up policy, an extra NT13,263 dollars per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Routine interval appendectomy would increase the cost per @entity1 by 38% compared with follow-up and appendectomy after recurrence. Routine interval appendectomy is not a cost-effective intervention.

2097627

2097628

2097629

Watchful waiting versus interval appendectomy for XXXX who recovered from acute appendicitis with @entity5 formation: a cost-effectiveness analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Interval appendectomy after conservative treatment of @entity698 with @entity5 formation remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of interval appendectomy based on a cost-effectiveness analysis. METHODS: This was a retrospective study including @entity698 @entity1 with @entity5 formation who received conservative treatment at first admission to Taipei Veterans General Hospital between January 1998 and December 2003. Demographic data, rate of @entity698 , and medical costs were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 165 @entity1 , 1 died after an acute @entity583 . The rate of recurrence of @entity698 after conservative treatment was 25.5%. The median cost of follow-up after conservative treatment was NT24,344 dollars. The median cost of interval appendectomy was NT47,746 dollars. The median cost of appendectomy after @entity698 was NT62,135 dollars. Routine interval appendectomy in all 164 @entity1 would have cost NT7,830,344 dollars. The follow-up protocol with appendectomy after recurrence cost NT5,655,220 dollars. An additional NT2,175,124 dollars (38%) would have been needed for routine interval appendectomy compared with the follow-up policy, an extra NT13,263 dollars per @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Routine interval appendectomy would increase the cost per @entity1 by 38% compared with follow-up and appendectomy after recurrence. Routine interval appendectomy is not a cost-effective intervention.

2097630

2097631

2097632

Preservation of the spinous process-ligament-muscle complex to prevent XXXX following laminoplasty.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Long-term results of @entity1 treated with conventional laminoplasty have shown a significant number of @entity1 complicated with @entity85 . The authors hypothesize that by maintaining the spinous process-ligament-muscle complex (SPLMC) during laminoplasty, followed by postoperative muscle strengthening exercises, the formation of @entity1513 can be decreased. PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity1513 in a select @entity1 group undergoing laminoplasty with preservation of the SPLMC followed by neck strengthening exercises. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: A midterm retrospective study of 30 @entity1 following laminoplasty with preservation of the SPLMC. @entity1 SAMPLE: Thirty consecutive @entity1 with cervical @entity602 attributable to multilevel cervical @entity612 underwent laminoplasty with preservation of the SPLMC from April 1998 to July 2002. OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, Guigui angles, and axial symptoms were measured. METHODS: Thirty @entity1 with multiple-level cervical @entity602 were studied. Fourteen had a normal lordotic curve, whereas 16 had a straight curve. All these @entity1 underwent laminoplasty with preservation of the SPLMC. For the first 6 months, isometric neck muscle exercises were performed. After this time, the intensity of the exercises was gradually increased. RESULTS: The average preoperative JOA score was 5.8+/-1.4. Mean JOA score at 3.8 years follow-up was 13.6+/-2.1. The recovery ratio was 69%. All 14 presurgical lordotic curves remained lordotic. Fourteen of the 16 straight spines improved to a lordotic configuration. Using the Guigui method, the preoperative lordotic angle was corrected by approximately 9 degrees (mean preoperative of 9.89+/-1.13 degrees, mean postoperative of 18.66+/-1.85 degrees), and the preoperative straight angle was corrected by approximately 15 degrees (mean preoperative of 0.91+/-2.14 degrees, mean postoperative of 15.88+/-1.71 degrees). CONCLUSIONS: Laminoplasty with preservation of the SPLMC followed by appropriate postoperative muscle exercises may be an encouraging way to maintain or restore the physiological curve and prevent @entity85 at a medium term follow-up.

2097633

2097634

2097635

The safety and efficacy of fractional photothermolysis for the correction of XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Improving the appearance of @entity29694 , particularly striae alba, has remained a challenge due to the limited availability of effective and low-risk treatment options. Fractional photothermolysis, a novel concept in skin rejuvenation, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of facial rhytides, @entity2318 , and surgical scars, but its use in the treatment of striae has not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of fractional photothermolysis treatment on striae alba and striae rubra. METHODS: Twenty female @entity1 with striae rubra or striae alba on their abdomen, thighs, or buttocks were enrolled in the study. Lesions were randomized to receive treatment, with site-matched normal control areas. @entity1 received a total of 6 treatments using a 1550-nm, @entity24899 -doped fiber laser with 2 to 3 weeks of elapsed time between treatments. Clinical response to treatment was assessed at each visit, and at 1-month, 2-month, and 3-month follow-up intervals by the @entity1 and investigator. A comparison evaluation of 8 @entity1 examining photographs of striae at baseline and at the 3-month follow-up evaluation which was assessed by 4 independent dermatologists using the quartile grading scale. RESULTS: The independent evaluators' assessments of improvement from photographs of 8 randomly selected @entity1 showed an overall improvement of 26% to 50% in 63% (5/8) of @entity1 . A less than 25% improvement in dyschromia was noted in 50% (4/8) of @entity1 . An improvement in texture of 26% to 50% was observed in 50% (4/8) of @entity1 . The clinical responses were independent of age, gender, and skin phototype. The treatments were tolerated well by all @entity1 with a majority of @entity1 experiencing transient posttreatment erythema and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Fractional photothermolysis can be effectively and safely used in the treatment of striae rubra and striae alba.

2097636

2097637

2097638

[The voice and speech quality in laryngectomy XXXX rehabilitated with second generation voice prosthesis].

multiple_choice

Voice rehabilitation with the application of voice prostheses is a method of choice in surgical rehabilitation of @entity1 following total laryngectomy. THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To compare voice quality and @entity292 speech with use of second generation voice prostheses to voice and esophageal speech in @entity1 rehabilitated with vocal method. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The following study comprised 37 @entity1 with @entity292 speech (group I). The assessment of voice quality included subjective and objective examination and acoustic analysis of @entity292 speech and aesophageal. Examination results were compared with data obtained in 15 @entity1 with oesophageal voice of similar age and gender composition (group II). The acoustic analysis was performed using IRIS Medicom software. Fo values and Jitter, Shimmer, HNR parameters were analysed. RESULTS: All examined @entity1 with @entity292 speech demonstrated a permanent capacity of speaking, which enabled efficient verbal communication. Average values obtained during 'perception test' located this type of phonation between good and very good speech. Formant recordings in narrow-band spectrographs indicated relatively normal supraglottal articulation which is a factor conditioning good speech comprehension. During subjective assessment, @entity292 voice and speech were moderately loud, dull, hoarse, uttered in unrestrained, breathed way rather than being forced. Persistence of the pathologic phonation was confirmed by acoustic voice evaluation parameters (Jitter, Shimmer, HNR and Fo). CONCLUSION: Examination findings confirm better voice quality obtained in rehabilitation with second generation voice prostheses as compared to oesophageal voice and speech resulting from natural rehabilitation process.

2097639

2097640

2097641

Insight into long-term histological, proliferative and apoptotic modifications in XXXX and conduit mucosa.

multiple_choice

AIMS AND BACKGROUND: To assess the long-term histological, apoptotic and proliferating alterations of the intestinal mucosa of ileal conduits and orthotopic neobladders. METHODS: Fifty @entity1 (46 males, 4 females), aged 52-78 years, who underwent urinary diversion with either @entity4628 (group ON, 20 @entity1 ) or conduit (group IC, 30 @entity1 ) from 2001 to 2005, were included in this prospective study. Ileal samples were collected during surgery (controls) and by random mucosal biopsies 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 months later. Histological (villi height, crypt depth, eosinophil cell count), proliferation (Ki67 immunochemistry), and apoptotic ( @entity588 immunochemistry, TUNEL) parameters were assessed. RESULTS: During the 4-year follow-up, we recorded progressive villi area, height and crypt @entity5932 , and inflammatory and eosinophilic infiltration. Villi height: crypt depth ratio showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the two groups from the 6th month. @entity1141 , @entity4648 , and @entity5 were not observed. @entity588 values showed a progressive increase until 24 months in group ON and 12 months in group IC, followed by a decline thereafter. Ki-67 values showed a progressive increase after 6 months in group ON and an increase until 24 months followed by a decline thereafter in group IC. TUNEL showed two peaks, at 24 and 48 months. CONCLUSIONS: Histological adaptation was revealed in both groups, with statistically significant differences in favor of orthotopic substitution. Proliferative and apoptotic pathways are implicated as demonstrated by relevant modifications of @entity588 , Ki-67 and TUNEL, in accord with the histological adaptation.

2097642

2097643

2097644

Risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms following XXXX requiring mechanical ventilation: a prospective cohort study.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity1005 ( @entity1005 ) has been identified in a significant portion of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. We sought to identify factors associated with @entity1005 symptoms in @entity1 following @entity3124 requiring mechanical ventilation. METHODS: Forty-three @entity1 who were mechanically ventilated in the medical and coronary ICUs of a university-based medical center were prospectively followed during their ICU admission for @entity933 with the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU. Additionally, demographic data were obtained and severity of @entity221 was measured with the APACHE II (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II) score. Six months after discharge, @entity1 were screened for @entity1005 symptoms by means of the @entity1005 10-Questions Inventory (PTSS-10). Multiple linear regression was used to assess the association of potential risk factors with PTSS-10 scores. RESULTS: At follow-up, six (14%) @entity1 had high levels of @entity1005 symptoms. On multivariable analysis, @entity1 had higher PTSS-10 scores than @entity1 by a margin of 7.36 points (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.62 to 13.11; p = 0.02). Also, high levels of @entity1005 symptoms were less likely to occur in older @entity1 , with symptoms declining after age 50 (p = 0.04). Finally, although causation cannot be assumed, the total dose of @entity2934 received during the ICU stay was associated with @entity1005 symptoms; for every 10-mg increase in cumulative @entity2934 dose, PTSS-10 score increased by 0.39 (95% CI 0.17 to 0.61; p = 0.04). No significant relationship was noted between severity of @entity221 and @entity1005 symptoms or duration of @entity933 and @entity1005 symptoms. CONCLUSION: High levels of @entity1005 symptoms occurred in 14% of @entity1 six months following @entity3124 necessitating mechanical ventilation, and these symptoms were most likely to occur in female @entity1 and those receiving high doses of @entity2934 . High levels of @entity1005 symptoms were less likely to occur in older @entity1 .

2097645

2097646

2097647

@entity28 and cardiovascular risk factors in younger XXXX survivors: The @entity5 and Menopause Study (CAMS).

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity0 @entity1 today can expect long-term survival; however, @entity1017 is a common problem after treatment and increases the risk for recurrence, @entity65 and @entity6 . The multi-ethnic cohort from the @entity5 and Menopause Study, designed to examine the reproductive and late cardiovascular health effects of treatment in younger female @entity0 survivors (BCS), was used to describe the relationship of behavioral and treatment variables to body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Stage 0, I or II @entity0 survivors who were < or = 50 years at diagnosis and 2-10 years disease-free survivors (mean 5.9 +/- 2.3 years) were recruited from two @entity5 registries to complete a mail survey that included information on demographics, health-related quality of life, reproductive health, @entity5 treatment, PA, weight and height. A sub-sample completed an office visit where fasting @entity1503 , blood pressure (BP), height and weight were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to model the following outcomes: BMI, PA, @entity1503 and BP. RESULTS: Current BMI was positively associated with higher BMI prior to diagnosis, unhappiness with body image and negatively associated with current total PA (model p < 0.001). More work, home and leisure PA were all positively associated with greater physical functioning and higher energy levels (all models, p < 0.001). Total and LDL @entity165 were positively associated with number of years since diagnosis and negatively associated with leisure PA (both models, p < 0.001), while systolic and diastolic BP were both positively associated with age, current use of BP medications and current BMI (models, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 in these BCS is prevalent and associated with premorbid @entity28 and decreased current physical activity but not with adjuvant treatment. Given the negative health consequences of @entity1017 and @entity28 after @entity0 , continued study of the etiology of @entity1017 , and potential targets for @entity1017 prevention are required. Interventions that target PA may be important for weight maintenance in BCS.

2097648

2097649

2097650

XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors in younger @entity0 survivors: The @entity5 and Menopause Study (CAMS).

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity0 @entity1 today can expect long-term survival; however, @entity1017 is a common problem after treatment and increases the risk for recurrence, @entity65 and @entity6 . The multi-ethnic cohort from the @entity5 and Menopause Study, designed to examine the reproductive and late cardiovascular health effects of treatment in younger female @entity0 survivors (BCS), was used to describe the relationship of behavioral and treatment variables to body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Stage 0, I or II @entity0 survivors who were < or = 50 years at diagnosis and 2-10 years disease-free survivors (mean 5.9 +/- 2.3 years) were recruited from two @entity5 registries to complete a mail survey that included information on demographics, health-related quality of life, reproductive health, @entity5 treatment, PA, weight and height. A sub-sample completed an office visit where fasting @entity1503 , blood pressure (BP), height and weight were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to model the following outcomes: BMI, PA, @entity1503 and BP. RESULTS: Current BMI was positively associated with higher BMI prior to diagnosis, unhappiness with body image and negatively associated with current total PA (model p < 0.001). More work, home and leisure PA were all positively associated with greater physical functioning and higher energy levels (all models, p < 0.001). Total and LDL @entity165 were positively associated with number of years since diagnosis and negatively associated with leisure PA (both models, p < 0.001), while systolic and diastolic BP were both positively associated with age, current use of BP medications and current BMI (models, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 in these BCS is prevalent and associated with premorbid @entity28 and decreased current physical activity but not with adjuvant treatment. Given the negative health consequences of @entity1017 and @entity28 after @entity0 , continued study of the etiology of @entity1017 , and potential targets for @entity1017 prevention are required. Interventions that target PA may be important for weight maintenance in BCS.

2097651

2097652

2097653

@entity28 and cardiovascular risk factors in younger @entity0 survivors: The XXXX and Menopause Study (CAMS).

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity0 @entity1 today can expect long-term survival; however, @entity1017 is a common problem after treatment and increases the risk for recurrence, @entity65 and @entity6 . The multi-ethnic cohort from the @entity5 and Menopause Study, designed to examine the reproductive and late cardiovascular health effects of treatment in younger female @entity0 survivors (BCS), was used to describe the relationship of behavioral and treatment variables to body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Stage 0, I or II @entity0 survivors who were < or = 50 years at diagnosis and 2-10 years disease-free survivors (mean 5.9 +/- 2.3 years) were recruited from two @entity5 registries to complete a mail survey that included information on demographics, health-related quality of life, reproductive health, @entity5 treatment, PA, weight and height. A sub-sample completed an office visit where fasting @entity1503 , blood pressure (BP), height and weight were measured. Linear regression analysis was used to model the following outcomes: BMI, PA, @entity1503 and BP. RESULTS: Current BMI was positively associated with higher BMI prior to diagnosis, unhappiness with body image and negatively associated with current total PA (model p < 0.001). More work, home and leisure PA were all positively associated with greater physical functioning and higher energy levels (all models, p < 0.001). Total and LDL @entity165 were positively associated with number of years since diagnosis and negatively associated with leisure PA (both models, p < 0.001), while systolic and diastolic BP were both positively associated with age, current use of BP medications and current BMI (models, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity28 in these BCS is prevalent and associated with premorbid @entity28 and decreased current physical activity but not with adjuvant treatment. Given the negative health consequences of @entity1017 and @entity28 after @entity0 , continued study of the etiology of @entity1017 , and potential targets for @entity1017 prevention are required. Interventions that target PA may be important for weight maintenance in BCS.

2097654

2097655

2097656

Multiplex immunoassay using fluorescent-surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic dots for the detection of bronchioalveolar stem cells in XXXX lung.

multiple_choice

Immunoassays using nanomaterials have been rapidly developed for the analysis of multiple biomolecules. Highly sensitive and biocompatible surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-active nanomaterials have been used for biomolecule analysis by many research groups in order to overcome intrinsic problems of conventional immunoassays. We used fluorescent surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic dots (F-SERS dots) to detect biomolecules in this study. The F-SERS dots are composed of @entity575 nanoparticle-embedded @entity3440 nanospheres, organic Raman tagging materials, and fluorescent dyes. The F-SERS dots demonstrated highly sensitive, selective, and multifunctional characteristics for multiplex targeting, tracking, and imaging of cellular and molecular events in the living organism. We successfully applied F-SERS dots for the detection of three cellular proteins, including @entity22416 , @entity17776 , and @entity16529 . These proteins are simultaneously expressed in bronchioalveolar stem cells (BASCs) in the @entity19 lung. We analyzed the relative expression ratios of each protein in BASCs since external standards were used to evaluate SERS intensity in tissue. Quantitative comparisons of multiple protein expression in tissue were first attempted using SERS-encoded nanoprobes. Our results suggested that immunoassays using F-SERS dots offered significant increases in sensitivity and selectivity. Such immunoassays may serve as the primary next-generation labeling technologies for the simultaneous analysis of multiple biomolecules.

2097657

2097658

2097659

Gene methylation profiles of normal mucosa, and benign and malignant XXXX identify early onset markers.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Multiple epigenetic and genetic changes have been reported in @entity14 , but few of these have clinical impact. This study aims to pinpoint epigenetic markers that can discriminate between non-malignant and malignant tissue from the large bowel, i.e. markers with diagnostic potential. The methylation status of eleven genes ( @entity17865 , @entity986 , @entity54044 , @entity29475 , MAL, @entity8724 , @entity6756 , @entity4738 , @entity983 , @entity10429 , and @entity50509 ) was determined in 154 tissue samples including normal mucosa, @entity652 , and @entity189 of the colorectum. The gene-specific and widespread methylation status among the @entity189 was related to @entity1 gender and age, and @entity124 status. Possible CIMP @entity5 were identified by comparing the methylation profile with @entity124 ( @entity124 ), @entity817 -, @entity984 -, and @entity876 mutation status. RESULTS: The mean number of methylated genes per sample was 0.4 in normal colon mucosa from @entity5 -free individuals, 1.2 in mucosa from cancerous bowels, 2.2 in @entity652 , and 3.9 in @entity189 . Widespread methylation was found in both @entity652 and @entity189 . The promoters of @entity17865 , MAL, and @entity8724 were frequently methylated in benign samples as well as in @entity5 , independent of @entity124 . In contrast, normal mucosa samples taken from bowels without @entity5 were rarely methylated for the same genes. Hypermethylated @entity54044 , @entity6756 , @entity4738 , @entity10429 , and @entity50509 were shown to be identifiers of @entity189 with @entity124 . In agreement with the CIMP concept, @entity124 and mutated @entity817 were associated with samples harboring hypermethylation of several target genes. CONCLUSION: Methylated @entity17865 , @entity8724 , and MAL are suitable as markers for early @entity5 detection.

2097660

2097661

2097662

Comparative activity of carbapenem testing (the COMPACT study) in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence indicates that Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, the most common of which are @entity796 spp., Enterobacteriaceae, and @entity3064 , are frequent causes of hospital-acquired @entity281 . This study aims to evaluate the in vitro activity of doripenem and comparator carbapenem antibiotics against Gram-negative clinical isolates collected from COMParative Activity of Carbapenem Testing (COMPACT) study centres in @entity233 . METHODS: Ten centres in @entity233 were invited to submit @entity796 , Enterobacteriaceae, and other Gram-negative isolates from intensive care unit (ICU)/non-ICU @entity1 with complicated @entity281 , or @entity55 , including ventilator-associated @entity55 , between May and October 2008. Susceptibility was determined by each centre using E-test. A central laboratory performed species confirmation as well as limited susceptibility and quality-control testing. RESULTS: Five hundred and ninety six isolates were collected. MIC90 values for doripenem, meropenem, and imipenem, respectively, were 32, >= 64, and >= 64 mg/L against @entity796 spp.; 0.12, 0.12, and 0.5 mg/L against Enterobacteriaceae; and >= 64 mg/L for each against other Gram-negative isolates. In determining the susceptibility of hospital isolates of selected Gram-negative pathogens to doripenem, imipenem, and @entity2889 , we found that against all pathogens combined, the MIC90 for ICU compared with non-ICU isolates was higher. CONCLUSIONS: Doripenem showed similar or slightly better activity than meropenem and better activity than imipenem against the Gram-negative pathogens collected in @entity233 .

2097663

2097664

2097665

Endothelin activation and XXXX after @entity1 liver transplantation.

multiple_choice

@entity177 is an established risk factor for impaired @entity1 outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). As the endothelin pathway is known to be involved in the development of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), we designed a study to clarify its role in @entity810 following OLT. Twenty consecutive @entity1 with intact kidney function scheduled for their first OLT were prospectively studied. Plasma big @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) levels were measured before surgery, after graft reperfusion, and on the first and second postoperative day. According to postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), @entity1 were assigned to the @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and the non- @entity810 group. Each @entity1 's GFR was estimated according to the 4-variable formula used in the modification of diet in @entity8 before surgery, daily within the first postoperative week, and at 1, 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Postoperative mean big @entity2232 levels correlated significantly with the maximum percent decrease of GFR within 3 days after OLT (P < 0.01). The proportion of @entity1 who developed @entity810 was significantly correlated to mean postoperative big @entity2232 quartiles (P < 0.01). In the @entity810 group, the percent decrease of GFR within 24 months was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to the non- @entity810 group. In conclusion, @entity1 who develop @entity810 immediately after OLT do not fully recover to baseline regarding long-term kidney function. Short-term GFR was significantly correlated with postoperative big @entity2232 plasma levels, suggesting @entity8 is mediated by the activated endothelin system.

2097666

2097667

2097668

Endothelin activation and @entity177 after XXXX liver transplantation.

multiple_choice

@entity177 is an established risk factor for impaired @entity1 outcome after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). As the endothelin pathway is known to be involved in the development of @entity810 ( @entity810 ), we designed a study to clarify its role in @entity810 following OLT. Twenty consecutive @entity1 with intact kidney function scheduled for their first OLT were prospectively studied. Plasma big @entity2232 ( @entity2232 ) levels were measured before surgery, after graft reperfusion, and on the first and second postoperative day. According to postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR), @entity1 were assigned to the @entity810 ( @entity810 ) and the non- @entity810 group. Each @entity1 's GFR was estimated according to the 4-variable formula used in the modification of diet in @entity8 before surgery, daily within the first postoperative week, and at 1, 3, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Postoperative mean big @entity2232 levels correlated significantly with the maximum percent decrease of GFR within 3 days after OLT (P < 0.01). The proportion of @entity1 who developed @entity810 was significantly correlated to mean postoperative big @entity2232 quartiles (P < 0.01). In the @entity810 group, the percent decrease of GFR within 24 months was significantly higher (P < 0.05) as compared to the non- @entity810 group. In conclusion, @entity1 who develop @entity810 immediately after OLT do not fully recover to baseline regarding long-term kidney function. Short-term GFR was significantly correlated with postoperative big @entity2232 plasma levels, suggesting @entity8 is mediated by the activated endothelin system.

2097669

2097670

2097671

Biomechanical evaluation of kyphoplasty with XXXX cement in a 2-functional spinal unit vertebral compression @entity174 model.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Kyphoplasty is used to treat @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) by inflating a balloon within the vertebral body (VB) to create a void, thereby reducing the @entity174 , and then depositing @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) into that void to augment the VB. @entity78 (CaP) may be preferable to @entity4625 because it is resorbable and nontoxic, although there are concerns about its compressive strength during the setting process. PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of a particular self-setting CaP cement to restore the structural integrity of a VCF in a 2-functional spinal unit (2FSU) cadaver model under physiologically relevant loading. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Repeated-measures compressive testing on a cadaver thoracolumbar 2FSU VCF model. METHODS: Ten 2FSU thoracolumbar specimens were tested to evaluate structural integrity under compressive loading during initial anterior VCF creation (in the central VB), after @entity174 , and after kyphoplasty treatment. Bipedicular kyphoplasty treatment was performed in a 37 degrees C chamber to reduce the @entity174 and create a void, which was filled with CaP (n=5) or @entity4625 (n=5) and allowed to cure for at least 15 minutes. Using fluoroscopic imaging, the sagittal area of the VB (SAVB), the minimum central VB height (MCVBH), and the wedge angle were measured on the central VB for each condition at a 1,000-N compressive load. A repeated-measures linear model was used to determine if the differences in these parameters among the various experimental conditions were statistically significant (p< .05). RESULTS: Compared with the @entity174 , there was a significant improvement in the SAVB, MCVBH, and wedge angle under a physiologically relevant 1,000-N compressive load applied after kyphoplasty. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment with CaP or @entity4625 . CONCLUSIONS: The structural properties of CaP-augmented VBs are similar to those of @entity4625 -augmented VBs. Our study indicated that, after at least 15 minutes of setting, a fractured 2FSU specimen treated with kyphoplasty with @entity4625 or CaP could withstand physiologically relevant loading.

2097672

2097673

2097674

Biomechanical evaluation of kyphoplasty with @entity78 cement in a 2-functional spinal unit vertebral compression XXXX model.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Kyphoplasty is used to treat @entity3814 ( @entity3814 ) by inflating a balloon within the vertebral body (VB) to create a void, thereby reducing the @entity174 , and then depositing @entity4625 ( @entity4625 ) into that void to augment the VB. @entity78 (CaP) may be preferable to @entity4625 because it is resorbable and nontoxic, although there are concerns about its compressive strength during the setting process. PURPOSE: To evaluate the ability of a particular self-setting CaP cement to restore the structural integrity of a VCF in a 2-functional spinal unit (2FSU) cadaver model under physiologically relevant loading. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Repeated-measures compressive testing on a cadaver thoracolumbar 2FSU VCF model. METHODS: Ten 2FSU thoracolumbar specimens were tested to evaluate structural integrity under compressive loading during initial anterior VCF creation (in the central VB), after @entity174 , and after kyphoplasty treatment. Bipedicular kyphoplasty treatment was performed in a 37 degrees C chamber to reduce the @entity174 and create a void, which was filled with CaP (n=5) or @entity4625 (n=5) and allowed to cure for at least 15 minutes. Using fluoroscopic imaging, the sagittal area of the VB (SAVB), the minimum central VB height (MCVBH), and the wedge angle were measured on the central VB for each condition at a 1,000-N compressive load. A repeated-measures linear model was used to determine if the differences in these parameters among the various experimental conditions were statistically significant (p< .05). RESULTS: Compared with the @entity174 , there was a significant improvement in the SAVB, MCVBH, and wedge angle under a physiologically relevant 1,000-N compressive load applied after kyphoplasty. There was no statistically significant difference between treatment with CaP or @entity4625 . CONCLUSIONS: The structural properties of CaP-augmented VBs are similar to those of @entity4625 -augmented VBs. Our study indicated that, after at least 15 minutes of setting, a fractured 2FSU specimen treated with kyphoplasty with @entity4625 or CaP could withstand physiologically relevant loading.

2097675

2097676

2097677

Optimizing nonviral-mediated transfection of XXXX intervertebral disc chondrocytes.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: The use of viral vectors for transfection of @entity1 disc chondrocytes has been well documented. However, because of immunological and cell @entity137 concerns, nonviral reagents may provide gene delivery to intervertebral disc (IVD) chondrocytes without these associated obstacles. Several studies have been done using nonviral delivery systems with varying degrees of success. PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to determine the efficiency, @entity137 , and optimal conditions for gene delivery into @entity1 degenerative IVD cells via nonviral reagents in vitro. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: In vitro viral and nonviral gene transfer. @entity1 SAMPLE: @entity1 disc chondrocytes from 21 @entity1 undergoing discectomy for @entity130 , disc herniation, and fusion for @entity1635 or @entity1643 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell @entity137 and transfection efficiency as determined by microscopy, luciferase assay, and flow cytometry. METHODS: Seventeen lipid-based nonviral reagents coupled to DNA plasmids coding for luciferase were transfected into cultured chondrocytes. Cells were transfected with varying ratios of DNA plasmid to reagent, harvested at 48 hours and analyzed for transfection rates and cell viability. Transfections with adenoviral constructs were comparisons. The three most efficient reagents were then coupled to green fluorescent protein and the experiments repeated. The most efficient reagent after these experiments (LT1) was tested in standard chondrocyte-maintenance medium and a minimal medium mixture devoid of antibiotics, buffers, and @entity1522 . Finally, LT1 in minimal medium with various hyaluronidase treatments was tested. The most effective reagents and relative @entity137 as measured by flow cytometry were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance. RESULTS: LT1 was most efficient and least toxic of nonviral reagents tested. LT1 had a mean percent survival of 78.1% versus 26.6% for TKO, 15.8% for T-Jurkat, and 70.8% in controls. Transfection was 1.5%. LT1 in minimal medium was significantly better than other reagents for both cell viability and transfection percentages. Minimal medium increased transfection with other reagents, yet cell viability with TKO and T-Jurkat was poor. Hyaluronidase had no effect on the viability of controls and decreased viability from 74.9% to an overall mean of 62.6% for all treatments. Transfection percentages increased from 1.8% without treatment to 15.2% with 40 units and 10.4% with four units of hyaluronidase given 24 hours before transfection and left in throughout the experiment. When treated at the time of transfection, efficiency was not significantly different to samples without hyaluronidase added. Additionally, hyaluronidase added 24 hours before transfection and washed out at the time of transfection significantly increased transfection percentages. CONCLUSIONS: LT1 was the most efficient reagent in terms of transfection ability and cell @entity137 compared with other reagents. Treatments in minimal medium yielded significant increases in transfection and no significant difference in @entity137 as compared with controls. Hyaluronidase treatments improve transfection significantly but also increase @entity137 . These results suggest that the nonviral reagent LT1 can be used to transfect IVD chondrocytes in vitro and may help facilitate gene transfection of IVD chondrocytes in vivo.

2097678

2097679

2097680

Interrelationships among morphology, echotexture, and function of the XXXX corpus luteum during the estrous cycle.

multiple_choice

It has been suggested that ultrasound image attributes are a potential indicator of physiological and functional status of the corpus luteum (CL) in several species, including @entity291 . The aims of this study were to evaluate CL morphological, functional and echotextural characteristics, and also to investigate the hypothesis that those attributes are correlated and change similarly throughout an estrous cycle. Ovaries of crossbred ( @entity291 taurus x @entity7040 ) heifers were evaluated using ultrasonography daily throughout an interestrus interval using a B-mode, real-time ultrasound machine equipped with a 5 MHz linear-array rectal transducer, during a natural estrous cycle (Experiment 1; n=12) or during a shortened cycle, with luteolysis induction 10d after estrus (Experiment 2; n=6). Blood samples were collected for assay of plasma @entity1420 concentrations. Corpora lutea areas were measured and daily images of each CL were videotaped and digitized for computer-assisted analysis using custom-developed software. In Experiment 1, area of luteal tissue increased until a maximum value 10d after estrus (P<0.001), followed by a plateau phase, and then a decline beginning 14 d after estrus. Luteal tissue area was highly correlated to plasma @entity1420 concentrations (r=0.86; P<0.001). When luteolysis was induced in Experiment 2, loss of CL function (decrease in plasma @entity1420 concentrations to metestrous values) preceded tissue regression by 48 h (24h compared with 72 h; P<0.001). The mean pixel value of ultrasound images did not change in Experiment 1 (P>0.70), but a day effect on this attribute was observed in Experiment 2 (P=0.052). In contrast, mean pixel value was correlated to plasma @entity1420 concentrations in Experiment 1 (r=-0.63; P<0.05), but not in Experiment 2 (r=-0.28; P>0.10). In regard to CL heterogeneity, defined as the standard deviation of the mean pixel value of the luteal tissue, a time effect was observed following both natural (Experiment 1; P<0.009) and luteolysis-induced (Experiment 2; P<0.05) estrous cycles (P<0.05). Moreover, this variable was correlated with plasma @entity1420 concentrations (r=-0.71 and -0.58 in Experiments 1 and 2, respectively; P<0.01), indicating that CL images were more heterogeneous during metestrus and after luteolysis (functional regression). In summary, morphological and echotextural attributes were correlated with CL function and underwent similar changes during the estrous cycle. Luteal tissue heterogeneity, assessed by ultrasonography, is considered a potential indicator of CL functional status, because it is correlated to circulating @entity1420 concentrations.

2097681

2097682

2097683

Hair analysis for @entity888 , @entity3652 , XXXX and @entity10425 by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

multiple_choice

We established a capillary electrophoretic method with high sensitivity and specificity for testing hair taken from addicts. After pretreatment of hair sample, the cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was used to test for the presence of abused drugs in @entity1 hair. These drugs include @entity1286 (M), @entity10425 (C), @entity3652 (K) and @entity888 (MA). First, an uncoated fused- @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.) was filled with @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% @entity1042 , followed by high conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s). Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. Stacking steps and separations were performed at -20 kV with detection at 200 nm, using @entity1391 buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% @entity1042 and 100 mM @entity3208 . Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to the level of picogram per milligram hair. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r > or = 0.999) over a range of 0.15-80 ng/mg hair for MA and K, 0.3-30 ng/mg hair for C and 0.5-50 ng/mg hair for M. The limits of detection were 50 pg/mg hair for MA and K, 100 pg/mg hair for C and 200 pg/mg hair for M (S/N=3, sampling 600 s at 10 kV). Our method was applied for analysis of real hair samples taken from addicts. The addicts' specimens were also analyzed by LC-MS, and showed good coincidence of results. This method has proven feasible for application in detecting trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.

2097684

2097685

2097686

Hair analysis for @entity888 , XXXX , @entity1286 and @entity10425 by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

multiple_choice

We established a capillary electrophoretic method with high sensitivity and specificity for testing hair taken from addicts. After pretreatment of hair sample, the cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was used to test for the presence of abused drugs in @entity1 hair. These drugs include @entity1286 (M), @entity10425 (C), @entity3652 (K) and @entity888 (MA). First, an uncoated fused- @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.) was filled with @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% @entity1042 , followed by high conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s). Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. Stacking steps and separations were performed at -20 kV with detection at 200 nm, using @entity1391 buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% @entity1042 and 100 mM @entity3208 . Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to the level of picogram per milligram hair. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r > or = 0.999) over a range of 0.15-80 ng/mg hair for MA and K, 0.3-30 ng/mg hair for C and 0.5-50 ng/mg hair for M. The limits of detection were 50 pg/mg hair for MA and K, 100 pg/mg hair for C and 200 pg/mg hair for M (S/N=3, sampling 600 s at 10 kV). Our method was applied for analysis of real hair samples taken from addicts. The addicts' specimens were also analyzed by LC-MS, and showed good coincidence of results. This method has proven feasible for application in detecting trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.

2097687

2097688

2097689

Hair analysis for XXXX , @entity3652 , @entity1286 and @entity10425 by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

multiple_choice

We established a capillary electrophoretic method with high sensitivity and specificity for testing hair taken from addicts. After pretreatment of hair sample, the cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was used to test for the presence of abused drugs in @entity1 hair. These drugs include @entity1286 (M), @entity10425 (C), @entity3652 (K) and @entity888 (MA). First, an uncoated fused- @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.) was filled with @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% @entity1042 , followed by high conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s). Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. Stacking steps and separations were performed at -20 kV with detection at 200 nm, using @entity1391 buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% @entity1042 and 100 mM @entity3208 . Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to the level of picogram per milligram hair. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r > or = 0.999) over a range of 0.15-80 ng/mg hair for MA and K, 0.3-30 ng/mg hair for C and 0.5-50 ng/mg hair for M. The limits of detection were 50 pg/mg hair for MA and K, 100 pg/mg hair for C and 200 pg/mg hair for M (S/N=3, sampling 600 s at 10 kV). Our method was applied for analysis of real hair samples taken from addicts. The addicts' specimens were also analyzed by LC-MS, and showed good coincidence of results. This method has proven feasible for application in detecting trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.

2097690

2097691

2097692

Hair analysis for @entity888 , @entity3652 , @entity1286 and XXXX by cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

multiple_choice

We established a capillary electrophoretic method with high sensitivity and specificity for testing hair taken from addicts. After pretreatment of hair sample, the cation-selective exhaustive injection and sweeping micellar electrokinetic chromatography (CSEI-Sweep-MEKC) was used to test for the presence of abused drugs in @entity1 hair. These drugs include @entity1286 (M), @entity10425 (C), @entity3652 (K) and @entity888 (MA). First, an uncoated fused- @entity3440 capillary (40 cm, 50 microm I.D.) was filled with @entity1391 buffer (50 mM, pH 2.5) containing 30% @entity1042 , followed by high conductivity buffer (100 mM @entity1391 , 6.9 kPa for 99.9 s). Electrokinetic injection (10 kV, 600 s) was used to load samples and to enhance sensitivity. Stacking steps and separations were performed at -20 kV with detection at 200 nm, using @entity1391 buffer (25 mM, pH 2.5) containing 20% @entity1042 and 100 mM @entity3208 . Using CSEI-Sweep-MEKC, the analytes could be simultaneously analyzed and have a detection limit down to the level of picogram per milligram hair. During method validation, calibration plots were linear (r > or = 0.999) over a range of 0.15-80 ng/mg hair for MA and K, 0.3-30 ng/mg hair for C and 0.5-50 ng/mg hair for M. The limits of detection were 50 pg/mg hair for MA and K, 100 pg/mg hair for C and 200 pg/mg hair for M (S/N=3, sampling 600 s at 10 kV). Our method was applied for analysis of real hair samples taken from addicts. The addicts' specimens were also analyzed by LC-MS, and showed good coincidence of results. This method has proven feasible for application in detecting trace levels of abused drugs in forensic analysis.

2097693

2097694

2097695

[Non palpable lesions of the breast: the Mammotome-biopsy in the preoperative management of XXXX ].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity0 takes first place for frequency in @entity1 in Western Countries and is in constant increase. The diagnosis of the so-called non palpable lesions is increased remarkably above all due to the diffusion of mammographic screening and to a greater awareness of the problem. Furthermore it is helped by an important development of mininvasive diagnostic methods: the traditonal cytology with fine needle is supported by various trans-skin bioptic procedures (micro-histological examination). This methods almost always replaces the surgical excisional biopsy and frozen intraoperative examination, still used but reserved for particular cases. @entity1 AND METHODS: In our Department of General and Mininvasive Surgery, from December 1999 to September 2004, we carried out 214 biopsies, with the collaboration of the radiological Service, under echographic guidance using vacuum--assisted biopsy (Mammotome) with 11-Gauge needle. The results are examined and discussed here in this report with regard to diagnostic accuracy, quantity and quality of information, significant for subsequent surgical management. RESULTS: Of 214 biopsies carried out with Mammotome technique, 89.3% of the cases are clinically non palpable lesions, with a average diameter of 8 mm. The average age of @entity1 was 57.6 years (range 31-88). There are 90 cases of positive malignant pathology (42%). In the @entity513 (6%) surgical @entity75 was carried out which confirmed the previous bioptic diagnosis in 100% of cases. The 19% of @entity1 submitted to a Mammotome biopsy was subject previously to cytology with fine needle. Comparing the results of both methods the diagnostic reliability of Mammotome was significantly superior (p < 0.05) as also the amount of information obtained (histotype, invasivity, grading, @entity172 receptor, etc.); discomfort linked to the procedure, valued as @entity158 (VAS), resulted inferior to the discomfort of biopsy with fine needle. The only complication of Mammotome biopsy is represented by haematoma in the biopsy site (8% of cases). The number of false negatives was one case due to incorrect targeting. CONCLUSION: In the present situation, the choice of method is conditioned by the degree of radiological suspicion, taking into account the information obtained thereby, in order to ensure the appropriate surgise management. Mammotome biopsy of non palpable lesions of the breast, in our experience, is preferable if suspicion of @entity5 is high. In this way a correct preoperative strategy can be prepared. Including the sentinel lymphnode method. Consequently a decision regarding the type of surgery can be taken (generally conservative), as well as making easier the intraoperative localisation of lesion by positioning the metallic clips during biopsy.

2097696

2097697

2097698

A phase I trial of a XXXX DNA vaccine for @entity1799 + cervical @entity5436 2/3.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic @entity1082 )16 DNA vaccine administered to @entity1 with @entity1799 +cervical @entity5436 (CIN)2/3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This phase I trial incorporated the standard '3+3'' dose-escalation design with an additional 6 @entity1 allocated to the maximally tolerated dose. Healthy adult @entity1 with colposcopically directed, biopsy-proven @entity1799 + CIN2/3 received 3 i.m. vaccinations (0.5, 1, or 3 mg) of a plasmid expressing a Sig-E7(detox)-heat shock protein 70 fusion protein on days 0, 28, and 56, and underwent standard therapeutic resection of the cervical squamocolumnar junction at day 105 (week 15). The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and histologic outcome based on resection at week 15 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable (3 each at 0.5 and 1mg, 9 at 3 mg). The vaccine was well tolerated: most adverse events were mild, transient injection-site discomfort; no dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. Although HPVE7-specific T-cell responses to E7 detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assays ( @entity379 ) were of low frequency and magnitude, detectable increases in response subsequent to vaccination were identified in subjects in the second and third cohorts. Complete histologic regression occurred in 3 of 9 (33%; 7-70% confidence interval) individuals in the highest-dose cohort. Although the difference is not significant, it is slightly higher than would be expected in an unvaccinated cohort (25%). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1799 DNA vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Whereas it seems possible to elicit HPV-specific T-cell responses in @entity1 with established @entity75 , other factors are likely to play a role in lesion regression.

2097699

2097700

2097701

A phase I trial of a @entity1082 DNA vaccine for XXXX + cervical @entity5436 2/3.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic @entity1082 )16 DNA vaccine administered to @entity1 with @entity1799 +cervical @entity5436 (CIN)2/3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This phase I trial incorporated the standard '3+3'' dose-escalation design with an additional 6 @entity1 allocated to the maximally tolerated dose. Healthy adult @entity1 with colposcopically directed, biopsy-proven @entity1799 + CIN2/3 received 3 i.m. vaccinations (0.5, 1, or 3 mg) of a plasmid expressing a Sig-E7(detox)-heat shock protein 70 fusion protein on days 0, 28, and 56, and underwent standard therapeutic resection of the cervical squamocolumnar junction at day 105 (week 15). The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and histologic outcome based on resection at week 15 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable (3 each at 0.5 and 1mg, 9 at 3 mg). The vaccine was well tolerated: most adverse events were mild, transient injection-site discomfort; no dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. Although HPVE7-specific T-cell responses to E7 detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assays ( @entity379 ) were of low frequency and magnitude, detectable increases in response subsequent to vaccination were identified in subjects in the second and third cohorts. Complete histologic regression occurred in 3 of 9 (33%; 7-70% confidence interval) individuals in the highest-dose cohort. Although the difference is not significant, it is slightly higher than would be expected in an unvaccinated cohort (25%). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1799 DNA vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Whereas it seems possible to elicit HPV-specific T-cell responses in @entity1 with established @entity75 , other factors are likely to play a role in lesion regression.

2097702

2097703

2097704

A phase I trial of a @entity1082 DNA vaccine for @entity1799 + cervical XXXX 2/3.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a therapeutic @entity1082 )16 DNA vaccine administered to @entity1 with @entity1799 +cervical @entity5436 (CIN)2/3. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: This phase I trial incorporated the standard '3+3'' dose-escalation design with an additional 6 @entity1 allocated to the maximally tolerated dose. Healthy adult @entity1 with colposcopically directed, biopsy-proven @entity1799 + CIN2/3 received 3 i.m. vaccinations (0.5, 1, or 3 mg) of a plasmid expressing a Sig-E7(detox)-heat shock protein 70 fusion protein on days 0, 28, and 56, and underwent standard therapeutic resection of the cervical squamocolumnar junction at day 105 (week 15). The safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine and histologic outcome based on resection at week 15 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity1 were evaluable (3 each at 0.5 and 1mg, 9 at 3 mg). The vaccine was well tolerated: most adverse events were mild, transient injection-site discomfort; no dose-limiting @entity137 were observed. Although HPVE7-specific T-cell responses to E7 detected by enzyme-linked immunospot assays ( @entity379 ) were of low frequency and magnitude, detectable increases in response subsequent to vaccination were identified in subjects in the second and third cohorts. Complete histologic regression occurred in 3 of 9 (33%; 7-70% confidence interval) individuals in the highest-dose cohort. Although the difference is not significant, it is slightly higher than would be expected in an unvaccinated cohort (25%). CONCLUSIONS: This @entity1799 DNA vaccine was safe and well tolerated. Whereas it seems possible to elicit HPV-specific T-cell responses in @entity1 with established @entity75 , other factors are likely to play a role in lesion regression.

2097705

2097706

2097707

Contribution of commissural projections to bulbospinal activation of locomotion in the in vitro neonatal XXXX spinal cord.

multiple_choice

Commissural projections are required for left-right coordination during locomotion. However, their role, if any, in rhythm production is unknown. This study uses the neonatal @entity35 in vitro brain stem-spinal cord model to examine the rostrocaudal distribution of locomotor-related commissural projections and study whether commissural connections are needed for the generation of hindlimb rhythmic activity in response to electrical stimulation of the brain stem. Midsagittal lesions were made at a wide range of rostrocaudal levels. Locomotor-like activity persisted in some preparations despite midsagittal lesions extending from C(1) to the mid- @entity17098 level or from the conus medullaris to the T(12/13) junction. In some preparations, midsagittal lesions throughout the entire spinal cord had no effect on @entity2915 if two or three contiguous segments remained intact. Those bridging segments had to include the T(13) and/or @entity17098 levels. These observations suggested that commissural projections in the thoracolumbar junction region were critical. @entity2915 was also elicited in preparations with limited midsagittal lesions focused on the thoracolumbar junction (T(12) through @entity17098 or L(2) inclusive). In other experiments, @entity2915 was evoked by bath-applied @entity750 ( @entity750 ) and @entity1024 ( @entity143 ). Appropriate side-to-side coordination was observed, even when only one segment remained bilaterally intact. Commissural projections traversing the thoracolumbar junction region were most effective. In combination, these results suggest that locomotor-related commissural projections are redundantly distributed along a bi-directional gradient that centers on the thoracolumbar junction. This commissural system not only provides a robust left-right coordinating mechanism but also supports locomotor rhythm generation in response to brain stem stimulation.

2097708

2097709

2097710

[Therapeutic options and prognosis of synchronous multiple primary XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic principles and prognosis of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). METHODS: The data of 66 @entity14 @entity1 surgically treated from 1984 to 2003 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The @entity14 were diagnosed and resected simultaneously in 65 @entity1 except one that was misdiagnosed. Thirty @entity1 underwent combined resection, 35 @entity1 segmental resection. Sixty-two @entity1 received radical resection, while three @entity1 had palliative resection due to hepatic @entity3 . The overall postoperative 3-, 5-, 10-year survival rates were 70.3%, 60.0%, 40.6%, respectively. In the @entity1 who had simultaneous radical resection, the 3-, 5-, 10-year survival rates were 76.0%, 65.9%, 46.4% respectively. CONCLUSION: The extent of resection should be individually determined by the lesion location, extent and distance between the lesions, as well as the @entity1 's general condition. More extensive bowel resection, such as total or subtotal colectomy are suggested for those @entity1 with @entity14 in order to reduce or avoid the risk of metachronous @entity14 . The postoperative survival in @entity1 with synchronous primary @entity14 is similar to those with solitary lesion.

2097711

2097712

2097713

Microalbuminuria and early renal response to lethal dose Shiga toxin type 2 in XXXX .

multiple_choice

In Argentina, @entity1381 ( @entity1381 ) constitutes the most frequent cause of @entity810 in @entity1 . Approximately 2%-4% of @entity1 die during the acute phase, and one-third of the 96% who survive are at risk of chronic renal sequelae. Little information is available about the direct effect of Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) on the onset of @entity644 and the evolution of toxin-mediated @entity8 . In this work, @entity35 were injected intraperitoneally with recombinant @entity526 culture supernatant containing Stx2 (sStx2; 20 g/kg body weight) to induce @entity1381 . Functional, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry studies were carried out to determine alterations in slit diaphragm proteins and the proximal tubule endocytic system at 48 hours post-inoculation. We detected a significant increase in microalbuminuria, without changes in the @entity644 values compared to the control @entity35 . In immunoperoxidase studies, the renal tubules and glomerular mesangium showed an increased expression of transforming growth factor b(1)( @entity1810 ). The expression of @entity3246 was decreased by immunoperoxidase and the cytoplasm showed a granular pattern of @entity3246 expression by immunofluorescence techniques. Western blot analysis performed in the renal cortex from sStx2-treated and control rats using anti-nephrin and anti- @entity39384 antibodies showed a decreased expression of these proteins. We suggest that the alterations in slit diaphragm proteins and @entity3246 expression could be related to the development of microalbuminuria in response to lethal doses of Stx2.

2097714

2097715

2097716

Right and left bundle branch block as predictors of long-term mortality following XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIMS: @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ) with @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) have a poor prognosis, but distinction between left (L)- and right (R)-sided @entity5036 is seldom made in epidemiological studies. We studied long-term mortality associated with RBBB and LBBB in the TRAndolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: TRACE screened consecutive @entity1 presenting with an @entity583 and recorded clinical, electro- and echo-cardiographic variables. Subsequently, deaths were recorded during a minimum follow-up of 15 years. In total, 6676 consecutive @entity1 with @entity583 were hospitalized at 27 centres in Denmark. Of these, 533 (8%) had @entity5036 , of whom 260 (4%) had RBBB and 273 (4%) had LBBB. Overall, 5196 (78%) @entity1 died, 256 (94%) with LBBB and 235 (90%) with RBBB compared with 4705 (77%) of those without @entity5036 (P < 0.001). In multivariable analyses, hazard ratios (HRs) of RBBB and LBBB were 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07-1.42] and 1.05 (95% CI, 0.91-1.20), respectively. There was interaction between each type of @entity5036 and left ventricular (LV) systolic function (P = 0.02). Right @entity5036 was associated with a worse prognosis in @entity1 with reduced LV systolic function [HR = 1.31 with wall motion index (WMI) <= 1.5 (95% CI, 1.11-1.55] while LBBB had a poor prognosis in @entity1 with preserved LV systolic (HR if WMI > 1.5, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.12-2.57). CONCLUSIONS: Right @entity5036 was a predictor of increased mortality in @entity1 with reduced LV systolic function, whereas LBBB was a marker of increased mortality in @entity1 with preserved LV systolic function.

2097717

2097718

2097719

Mechanisms of aortic and XXXX in uremic @entity19 with @entity730 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is associated with @entity299 and increased @entity2333 . The mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. We examined changes over time in cardiac and aortic function in a @entity19 @entity177 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight-week-old @entity19 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: wild-type non- @entity177 , wild-type @entity177 , @entity6970 knockout non- @entity177 , and @entity6970 knockout @entity177 . Echocardiography was performed and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . Vascular reactivity and adhesion molecule expression were studied after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . @entity4346 , altered left ventricular relaxation, and increased @entity2333 were observed after 6 weeks of @entity177 and persisted after 10 weeks. The 4 groups of @entity19 did not significantly differ in terms of arterial blood pressure and aortic structure. The degree of @entity729 and serum total @entity165 concentration were higher in the @entity177 groups than in the non- @entity177 groups. These changes, however, could not explain the cardiac and vascular differences seen in the 2 @entity177 groups. In contrast, alterations in vascular reactivity, the upregulation of adhesion molecule expression, and @entity177 status were significantly associated with these changes. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity19 model of @entity177 , @entity4346 , cardiac @entity67 , and increased @entity2333 were not related to structural changes in the aorta (including @entity730 ) or high serum @entity165 levels. However, @entity299 were associated with the extent of @entity409 and the severity of @entity177 .

2097720

2097721

2097722

Mechanisms of aortic and @entity299 in uremic @entity19 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is associated with @entity299 and increased @entity2333 . The mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. We examined changes over time in cardiac and aortic function in a @entity19 @entity177 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight-week-old @entity19 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: wild-type non- @entity177 , wild-type @entity177 , @entity6970 knockout non- @entity177 , and @entity6970 knockout @entity177 . Echocardiography was performed and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . Vascular reactivity and adhesion molecule expression were studied after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . @entity4346 , altered left ventricular relaxation, and increased @entity2333 were observed after 6 weeks of @entity177 and persisted after 10 weeks. The 4 groups of @entity19 did not significantly differ in terms of arterial blood pressure and aortic structure. The degree of @entity729 and serum total @entity165 concentration were higher in the @entity177 groups than in the non- @entity177 groups. These changes, however, could not explain the cardiac and vascular differences seen in the 2 @entity177 groups. In contrast, alterations in vascular reactivity, the upregulation of adhesion molecule expression, and @entity177 status were significantly associated with these changes. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity19 model of @entity177 , @entity4346 , cardiac @entity67 , and increased @entity2333 were not related to structural changes in the aorta (including @entity730 ) or high serum @entity165 levels. However, @entity299 were associated with the extent of @entity409 and the severity of @entity177 .

2097723

2097724

2097725

Mechanisms of aortic and @entity299 in uremic XXXX with @entity730 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity177 ( @entity177 ) is associated with @entity299 and increased @entity2333 . The mechanisms involved are not clearly understood. We examined changes over time in cardiac and aortic function in a @entity19 @entity177 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: Eight-week-old @entity19 were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: wild-type non- @entity177 , wild-type @entity177 , @entity6970 knockout non- @entity177 , and @entity6970 knockout @entity177 . Echocardiography was performed and blood samples were taken at baseline and after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . Vascular reactivity and adhesion molecule expression were studied after 6 and 10 weeks of @entity177 . @entity4346 , altered left ventricular relaxation, and increased @entity2333 were observed after 6 weeks of @entity177 and persisted after 10 weeks. The 4 groups of @entity19 did not significantly differ in terms of arterial blood pressure and aortic structure. The degree of @entity729 and serum total @entity165 concentration were higher in the @entity177 groups than in the non- @entity177 groups. These changes, however, could not explain the cardiac and vascular differences seen in the 2 @entity177 groups. In contrast, alterations in vascular reactivity, the upregulation of adhesion molecule expression, and @entity177 status were significantly associated with these changes. CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity19 model of @entity177 , @entity4346 , cardiac @entity67 , and increased @entity2333 were not related to structural changes in the aorta (including @entity730 ) or high serum @entity165 levels. However, @entity299 were associated with the extent of @entity409 and the severity of @entity177 .

2097726

2097727

2097728

Diffuse XXXX in @entity1884 : long-term results of embolization according to the extent of lung involvement.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To review the safety of embolization in @entity1 affected with @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) presenting with diffuse @entity2702 ( @entity2702 ). To correlate the initial presentation and long-term results of embolization according to the distribution of @entity2702 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutively treated @entity1 were divided into three groups, according to the involvement of every @entity358 (group 1), segmental artery (group 2), or both (group 3) of at least one lobe. Age, sex, initial clinical presentation, and Pao(2) were recorded before embolization. Per and postprocedural complications were carefully recorded. Clinical outcome and imaging follow-up were obtained at 6 months and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age, 35 years), all of them with bilateral lung involvement, were treated. Group 1 consisted of 8, group 2 of 17, and group 3 of 14 @entity1 . @entity1353 was present in 35 of the @entity1 (90%) and @entity848 in 17 @entity1 (44%). Preembolization Pao(2) was different between groups 1 (52.6 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) and 3 (70.7 +/- 14.1 mm Hg). Neurologic events were more frequently reported before treatment in group 1 (62.5%) than in group 2 (35%) or in group 3 (43%). Eighty percent of @entity1 reported improvement in their @entity1353 after embolization. Pao(2) levels improved more in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. Eight @entity63 or infectious complications occurred in 4 @entity1 (10%) due to reperfusion of embolized @entity2702 or enlargement of non-embolized @entity2702 . Complete and partial treatment success was reported using CT scanning in 59% and 38% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1353 and paradoxical @entity887 are frequently encountered in @entity1884 @entity1 with diffuse @entity2702 . Prevention of complications and improvement of @entity1353 can be achieved after successful embolization in most @entity1 . Better improvement of Pao(2) can be achieved in group 2.

2097729

2097730

2097731

Diffuse @entity2702 in XXXX : long-term results of embolization according to the extent of lung involvement.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To review the safety of embolization in @entity1 affected with @entity1884 ( @entity1884 ) presenting with diffuse @entity2702 ( @entity2702 ). To correlate the initial presentation and long-term results of embolization according to the distribution of @entity2702 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutively treated @entity1 were divided into three groups, according to the involvement of every @entity358 (group 1), segmental artery (group 2), or both (group 3) of at least one lobe. Age, sex, initial clinical presentation, and Pao(2) were recorded before embolization. Per and postprocedural complications were carefully recorded. Clinical outcome and imaging follow-up were obtained at 6 months and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Thirty-nine @entity1 (31 @entity1 , 8 @entity1 ; mean age, 35 years), all of them with bilateral lung involvement, were treated. Group 1 consisted of 8, group 2 of 17, and group 3 of 14 @entity1 . @entity1353 was present in 35 of the @entity1 (90%) and @entity848 in 17 @entity1 (44%). Preembolization Pao(2) was different between groups 1 (52.6 +/- 11.6 mm Hg) and 3 (70.7 +/- 14.1 mm Hg). Neurologic events were more frequently reported before treatment in group 1 (62.5%) than in group 2 (35%) or in group 3 (43%). Eighty percent of @entity1 reported improvement in their @entity1353 after embolization. Pao(2) levels improved more in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3. Eight @entity63 or infectious complications occurred in 4 @entity1 (10%) due to reperfusion of embolized @entity2702 or enlargement of non-embolized @entity2702 . Complete and partial treatment success was reported using CT scanning in 59% and 38% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1353 and paradoxical @entity887 are frequently encountered in @entity1884 @entity1 with diffuse @entity2702 . Prevention of complications and improvement of @entity1353 can be achieved after successful embolization in most @entity1 . Better improvement of Pao(2) can be achieved in group 2.

2097732

2097733

2097734

Paternal smoking is associated with a decreased prevalence of type 1 XXXX among offspring in two national British birth cohort studies (NCDS and BCS70).

multiple_choice

AIMS: An association between paternal age and type 1 @entity6 ( @entity1723 ) among their offspring was recently reported as well as transgenerational responses in @entity1 . This paper aims to assess the association of markers for prenatal exposures with @entity1723 . METHODS: We analysed data from two birth cohorts in Great Britain on 5214 cohort members from the National @entity1 Development Study (NCDS) and 6068 members of the 1970 British Birth Cohort Study (BCS70) with full information on @entity1723 and explanatory variables using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity1723 prevalence was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5-1.0%; n=38) in the NCDS and 0.4% (95% CI 0.3-0.6%; n=27) in the BCS70 cohort. Paternal age was not associated with @entity1723 possibly due to lack of sample power. Unexpectedly, a lowered prevalence of @entity1723 was observed among offspring of smoking fathers in both cohorts, with a combined odds ratio of 0.44 (95% CI 0.25-0.75). This association could not be explained by maternal smoking prior to, during or after pregnancy, number of siblings, parental social class, maternal and paternal age, or cohort. Maternal smoking in pregnancy did not alter the @entity1723 prevalence among offspring. CONCLUSIONS: This unexpected finding may be explained by germ-line mutations or other mechanisms associated with paternal smoking. This phenomenon should be investigated and these results should not be used as a justification for smoking. Paternal exposures may be important in determining @entity1723 risk.

2097735

2097736

2097737

Near term twin pregnancy: clinical relevance of XXXX at birth.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to evaluate the clinical importance of near term @entity353 in twin pregnancies with both appropriate or with one small for gestational age newborn ( @entity68005 and SGA, respectively). METHODS: We retrospectively studied 230 twin pregnancies that ended at >or=34 weeks' gestation. Discordance was defined as an intertwin birth weight difference>or=20% calculated from the heavier newborn. The following data were compared between discordant and concordant pairs: maternal age, parity, mode of conception, placentation, @entity101 disorders of pregnancy, gestational age at birth, route of delivery, reason for termination of pregnancy, Apgar scores, birth weights, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, significant morbidity, @entity600 found at birth, and perinatal mortality. The discordant pairs were subdivided into two groups: (1) Both twins were @entity68005 ; (2) One of the twins was SGA. The two groups were compared to each other, and to the control group of concordant pairs. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-six twin pairs were concordant (control group) and 54 were discordant. The comparison between the concordant and the discordant groups did not show statistically significant differences in any of the examined parameters. However, the discordant group had a greater incidence of neonatal morbidity. When the discordant subgroups ( @entity68005 , n=24 vs. SGA n=30) were compared to the concordant group, these differences persist, particularly in the SGA group. CONCLUSION: In near term twin pregnancies, birth @entity353 does not seem to predict adverse perinatal outcome except when one of the newborns is SGA.

2097738

2097739

2097740

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs produced a spinal anesthetic effect in XXXX .

multiple_choice

Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are commonly used to treat @entity299 . Some of those drugs were recently reported to have both a cutaneous analgesic and a neural blocking effect. We evaluated whether these drugs have a spinal anesthetic effect. Three Class I antiarrhythmic drugs (class IA: @entity5126 , IB: @entity2683 , and IC: @entity6237 ) were tested. After they had been intrathecally injected in @entity35 , the potencies and durations of these drugs on spinal anesthesia were recorded. @entity1341 , a commonly used local anesthetic, and 5% @entity413 solution were used as controls. @entity1341 , @entity6237 , @entity5126 , and @entity2683 produced a dose-related spinal blockade of motor function, proprioception, and nociception, but @entity413 solution produced no spinal anesthetic effect. The descending order of potency was @entity1341 > @entity6237 > @entity5126 > @entity2683 (p<0.05 for all differences). On an equipotent basis, @entity6237 , @entity5126 , and @entity1341 produced similar durations of action, all of which were significantly longer than that of @entity2683 (p<0.05). In conclusion, intrathecal injections of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs produced a dose-related spinal anesthetic effect. These drugs may be potential candidates for developing new local anesthetics.

2097741

2097742

2097743

XXXX and its associated diseases in Korea.

multiple_choice

This review describes the characterization of @entity18723 ( @entity18723 ), the field situation of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD) and the @entity18723 vaccine in Korea. PCVAD has been considered the most devastating disease in Korean livestock history since its first outbreak in 1999. @entity22131 ( @entity22131 ) and porcine @entity1576 complex (PRDC) are the most common clinical forms of PCVAD. Interestingly, only @entity18723 b strains have been isolated from @entity1707 with @entity22131 since 2005, but only @entity18723 a strains were isolated from @entity1707 with @entity22131 in 2000 to 2001. Clinically, @entity22131 is divided into two stages: early and late. Early @entity22131 primarily occurs in @entity1707 between 4 and 8 weeks of age. This form is a typical presentation of @entity22131 and is characterized clinically by wasting, decreased @entity1017 , enlarged lymph nodes, and @entity1353 . Late @entity22131 primarily occurs in @entity1707 between 8 and 12 weeks of age. The main clinical manifestation is @entity294 , which is often accompanied by @entity5746 . In recent years, the PCVAD disease pattern has slightly changed. The occurrence of @entity22131 has decreased while PRDC cases are increasing in frequency.

2097744

2097745

2097746

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube removal and replacement after " XXXX ": the simple way.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity970 ) feeding tubes are required for an increasing number of @entity1 with long-term nutritional requirements. " @entity751 " ( @entity751 ) occurs in 2-6% of @entity970 placements. In the past, this has been a difficult problem to resolve. The authors aimed to design a safe and simple method of dealing with @entity751 that can be performed by any endoscopist on a routine endoscopic list with the @entity1 under sedation. METHODS: For 6 years, the authors have used a minimally invasive way to deal with @entity751 . They have successfully treated 20 @entity751 @entity1 on a routine endoscopy list with the @entity1 under sedation. The existing @entity970 is divided 5 cm from the skin. A pair of stent-grasping forceps is inserted via the tube. A snare then is passed via the gastroscope, caught in the stent-grasping forceps, and brought out via the @entity970 tube. Next, the tube is split as deeply as possible into the @entity970 exit site, and the snare is closed around the tube. Gentle traction is applied along the endoscope, allowing the internal bumper to concertina and pop through the mucosa. Another @entity970 can now be placed at a separate site, although the authors have successfully used the same tract. RESULTS: All the @entity1 were followed up, with no further problems related to @entity751 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors' method is a simple way of addressing the difficult @entity751 problem. It can be used to remove and replace a @entity970 with a buried bumper on a routine endoscopy list with the @entity1 under sedation.

2097747

2097748

2097749

C-type natriuretic peptide enhances osteogenic protein-1-induced osteoblastic cell differentiation via XXXX phosphorylation.

multiple_choice

In the present study, we examined the hypothesis that the C-type natriuretic peptide ( @entity9076 ) enhances osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1) action in stimulating osteoblastic cell differentiation in primary cultures of fetal @entity35 calvaria cell (FRC). @entity9076 enhanced synergistically the OP-1-induced Alkaline Phosphatase (AP) activity and mineralized bone nodule formation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. To examine possible mechanism of the synergy between @entity9076 , the expression levels of key BMP receptors and signaling molecules were examined. Western blot analysis showed that BMPR-IB and -II receptor protein expression was not affected by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone. The combination of OP-1 and @entity9076 did not further increase their protein levels. The @entity6037 protein expression level was not altered by @entity9076 alone, but was elevated by OP-1 alone, and was slightly reduced by the combination. The @entity68006 protein expression level was slightly decreased by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated by OP-1 alone, and was not further stimulated by the combination. @entity68006 phosphorylation was not stimulated by @entity9076 alone, but was stimulated significantly by OP-1 alone. The combination of @entity9076 further stimulated the OP-1-induced @entity68006 phosphorylation. Thus, one mechanism of the observed synergy between OP-1 and @entity9076 involves enhancement of the @entity68006 phosphorylation.

2097750

2097751

2097752

An in silico approach combined with in vivo experiments enables the identification of a new protein whose overexpression can compensate for specific XXXX in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The mitochondrial inner membrane contains five large complexes that are essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Although the structure and the catalytic mechanisms of the respiratory complexes have been progressively established, their biogenesis is far from being fully understood. Very few complex III assembly factors have been identified so far. It is probable that more factors are needed for the assembly of a functional complex, but that the genetic approaches used to date have not been able to identify them. We have developed a systems biology approach to identify new factors controlling complex III biogenesis. RESULTS: We collected all the physical protein-protein interactions (PPI) involving the core subunits, the supernumerary subunits and the assembly factors of complex III and used Cytoscape 2.6.3 and its plugins to construct a network. It was then divided into overlapping and highly interconnected sub-graphs with clusterONE. One sub-graph contained the core and the supernumerary subunits of complex III, it also contained some @entity7319 in the assembly of complex IV. This sub-graph was then split with another algorithm into two sub-graphs. The subtraction of these two sub-graphs from the previous sub-graph allowed us to identify a protein of unknown function @entity68007 /Ylr132p that interacts with the complex III subunits @entity68008 and @entity68009 . We then used genetic and cell biology approaches to investigate the function of @entity68007 . Preliminary results indicated that @entity68007 is an essential protein with a dual localization in the nucleus and in the mitochondria, and that the over-expression of this protein can compensate for defects in the biogenesis of the respiratory complexes. CONCLUSIONS: Our systems biology approach has highlighted the multiple associations between subunits and assembly factors of complexes III and IV during their biogenesis. In addition, this approach has allowed the identification of a new factor, @entity68007 , involved in the biogenesis of respiratory complexes, which could not have been found using classical genetic screens looking for @entity1576 mutants. Thus, this systems biology approach appears to be a fruitful new way to study the biogenesis of mitochondrial multi-subunit complexes.

2097753

2097754

2097755

Targeted physiotherapy treatment for XXXX based on clinical risk can improve clinical and economic outcomes when compared with current best practice.

multiple_choice

QUESTION: Does a stratified primary care approach for @entity1 with @entity1643 result in clinical and economic benefits when compared with current best practice? DESIGN: A randomised, controlled trial with stratification for three risk groups and a targeted treatment according to the risk profile. Group allocation was carried out by computer-generated block randomisation in a 2:1 ratio. SETTING: Ten general practices in England. @entity1 : @entity1 and @entity1 at least 18 years old with @entity1643 of any duration, with or without associated @entity614 . Exclusion criteria were potentially serious disorders, @entity221 , spinal surgery in the past 6 months, pregnancy, and receiving back treatments (except primary care). INTERVENTIONS: In the intervention group decisions about referral to risk group were made by use of the STarT Back Screening Tool. The 30-min assessment and initial treatment focused on promotion of appropriate levels of activity, including return to work, a pamphlet about local exercise venues and self-help groups, the Back Book, and a 15-min educational video Get Back Active. Low-risk @entity1 were only given this clinic session. Medium-risk @entity1 were referred for standardised physiotherapy to address symptoms and function. High-risk @entity1 were referred for psychologically informed physiotherapy to address physical symptoms and function, and psychosocial obstacles to recovery. In the control group a 30-min physiotherapy assessment and initial treatment including advice and exercises was provided, with the option of onward referral to further physiotherapy, based on the physiotherapist's clinical judgement. OUTCOME MEASURES: The 12 months score of Roland and Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Secondary measures were referral for further physiotherapy, @entity615 intensity, @entity158 catastrophising, fear-avoidance beliefs, @entity148 , @entity308 , health-related quality of life, reduction of risk-subgroup, global change of @entity158 , number of physiotherapy treatment sessions, adverse events, health-care resource use and costs over 12 months, number of days off work because of @entity615 , and satisfaction with care. RESULTS: Of 851 @entity1 assigned to the intervention (n=568) and control groups (n=283) a total of 649 completed the 12 months follow-up. Adjusted mean changes in RMDQ scores were significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 4 months (4.7 [SD 5.9] vs 3.0 [5.9], between-group difference 1.8 [95% CI 1.6 to 2.6]) and at 12 months (4.3 [6.4] vs 3.3 [6.2], 1.1 [0.6 to 1.9]). At 12 months, stratified care was associated with a mean increase in generic health benefit (0.039 additional QALYs) and cost savings ( 240.01 vs 274.40) compared with the control group. There were significant differences in favour of the intervention group in many of the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: A stratified management approach including a prognostic screening and treatment targeting, showed improved clinical and economic benefits when compared with current best practice.

2097756

2097757

2097758

An observational cohort study investigating the cardiovascular safety of @entity9498 when prescribed in primary care in England: mortality due to XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiovascular safety of @entity9498 , a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor used for treating @entity323 in @entity1 prescribed this drug by general practitioners (GPs) in England in 2003, focusing on mortality due to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 in this observational cohort study were identified from dispensed prescriptions for @entity9498 issued by GPs from February to November 2003. Demographic and outcome data were requested from @entity1 ' GPs using a postal questionnaire. A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated using indirect standardization for all deaths from @entity299 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in male @entity1 who were prescribed @entity9498 , regardless of whether they were taking @entity9498 at the time, compared to those in the English male population (2002). RESULTS: Clinical information was obtained for 6266 @entity1 ; @entity1 sex could not be confirmed for 37 but in the remaining 6229 the median age was 61 years (interquartile range 53-68). The age was not specified for 2361 (37.7%) of the @entity1 . Excluding @entity1 not taking @entity9498 at the time of the event, cardiovascular events included @entity662 in 20, @entity951 in 18, @entity583 in 15 (including six fatal) and @entity299 in 11 (including five fatal). There were also six deaths where the cause was not ascertained; five of these @entity1 were known to be male. Comparison of mortality due to @entity299 or @entity583 for @entity1 with those in the English male population (2002) provided an SMR of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.50-1.48). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest a similar incidence of @entity204 due to @entity299 or @entity583 in @entity1 prescribed @entity9498 to that in the male English population. However, due to possible under-reporting and the limitations of using an external comparator, these results should be interpreted in context with other studies on the cardiovascular effects and safety of @entity9498 .

2097759

2097760

2097761

An observational cohort study investigating the cardiovascular safety of XXXX when prescribed in primary care in England: mortality due to @entity299 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the cardiovascular safety of @entity9498 , a phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor used for treating @entity323 in @entity1 prescribed this drug by general practitioners (GPs) in England in 2003, focusing on mortality due to @entity299 ( @entity299 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 in this observational cohort study were identified from dispensed prescriptions for @entity9498 issued by GPs from February to November 2003. Demographic and outcome data were requested from @entity1 ' GPs using a postal questionnaire. A standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was calculated using indirect standardization for all deaths from @entity299 or @entity583 ( @entity583 ) in male @entity1 who were prescribed @entity9498 , regardless of whether they were taking @entity9498 at the time, compared to those in the English male population (2002). RESULTS: Clinical information was obtained for 6266 @entity1 ; @entity1 sex could not be confirmed for 37 but in the remaining 6229 the median age was 61 years (interquartile range 53-68). The age was not specified for 2361 (37.7%) of the @entity1 . Excluding @entity1 not taking @entity9498 at the time of the event, cardiovascular events included @entity662 in 20, @entity951 in 18, @entity583 in 15 (including six fatal) and @entity299 in 11 (including five fatal). There were also six deaths where the cause was not ascertained; five of these @entity1 were known to be male. Comparison of mortality due to @entity299 or @entity583 for @entity1 with those in the English male population (2002) provided an SMR of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.50-1.48). CONCLUSIONS: The results from this study suggest a similar incidence of @entity204 due to @entity299 or @entity583 in @entity1 prescribed @entity9498 to that in the male English population. However, due to possible under-reporting and the limitations of using an external comparator, these results should be interpreted in context with other studies on the cardiovascular effects and safety of @entity9498 .

2097762

2097763

2097764

Comparison of imaging characteristics between hepatic benign regenerative nodules and @entity157 associated with XXXX by contrast enhanced ultrasound.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To compare different imaging characteristics between hepatic benign regenerative nodules and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) associated with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 chronic @entity3181 @entity1 (mean age, 42 years; age range, 18-59 years) with hepatic nodules who underwent CEUS were retrospectively studied. All @entity1 had no the history of @entity99 . There were 23 @entity1 with benign regenerative nodules (22 9 mm; range, 8-42 mm) and 9 @entity1 with @entity157 (63 21 mm; range, 26-90 mm). Lesion characteristics, including number, size, vascularization on color Doppler flow imaging, echogenicity, peripheral hypoechoic rim, and enhancement patterns in arterial, portal, and late phases on CEUS, were analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in number and size of the lesions between two groups. No significant differences were observed in vascularity, echogenicity, and peripheral hypoechoic rim. Overall, there were significant differences in enhancement patterns in arterial, portal, and late phases between them on CEUS. Of 23 @entity1 with benign regenerative nodules, 16 (70%) were center-to-periphery hyperenhanced and 7 @entity1 (30%) were homogeneously hyperenhanced in arterial phase; the majority were homogeneously hyperenhanced in portal and late phases. Of 9 @entity1 with @entity157 , 8 (89%) were heterogeneously hyperenhanced in arterial phase and most of them were hypoenhanced in portal and late phases. CONCLUSION: CEUS imaging characteristics of benign regenerative nodules radically differ from that of @entity157 in @entity3181 @entity1 .

2097765

2097766

2097767

Comparison of imaging characteristics between hepatic benign regenerative nodules and XXXX associated with @entity3181 by contrast enhanced ultrasound.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To compare different imaging characteristics between hepatic benign regenerative nodules and @entity157 ( @entity157 ) associated with @entity3181 ( @entity3181 ) by contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 32 chronic @entity3181 @entity1 (mean age, 42 years; age range, 18-59 years) with hepatic nodules who underwent CEUS were retrospectively studied. All @entity1 had no the history of @entity99 . There were 23 @entity1 with benign regenerative nodules (22 9 mm; range, 8-42 mm) and 9 @entity1 with @entity157 (63 21 mm; range, 26-90 mm). Lesion characteristics, including number, size, vascularization on color Doppler flow imaging, echogenicity, peripheral hypoechoic rim, and enhancement patterns in arterial, portal, and late phases on CEUS, were analyzed. RESULTS: There were significant differences in number and size of the lesions between two groups. No significant differences were observed in vascularity, echogenicity, and peripheral hypoechoic rim. Overall, there were significant differences in enhancement patterns in arterial, portal, and late phases between them on CEUS. Of 23 @entity1 with benign regenerative nodules, 16 (70%) were center-to-periphery hyperenhanced and 7 @entity1 (30%) were homogeneously hyperenhanced in arterial phase; the majority were homogeneously hyperenhanced in portal and late phases. Of 9 @entity1 with @entity157 , 8 (89%) were heterogeneously hyperenhanced in arterial phase and most of them were hypoenhanced in portal and late phases. CONCLUSION: CEUS imaging characteristics of benign regenerative nodules radically differ from that of @entity157 in @entity3181 @entity1 .

2097768

2097769

2097770

Multifocal spinal and extra-spinal Mycobacterium chelonae XXXX in a renal transplant recipient.

multiple_choice

Only localized cases of Mycobacterium chelonae @entity4034 have been reported. In this article, a 55-year-old immunosuppressed @entity1 with M. chelonae @entity4034 and multiple spinal and extra-spinal involvement is presented. The @entity1 had nodule-pustular @entity272 , @entity1512 at multiple levels, and @entity690 at extra-spinal locations. Biopsy and cultures of the osseous lesions showed M. chelonae @entity4034 . The patient started antimycobacterial chemotherapy with @entity2177 and @entity4581 . Progressive cervical kyphosis associated with anterior wedged @entity2244 and posterior C5-C6 spondylolisthesis resulted in compression of the spinal cord and @entity16 . The @entity1 underwent anterior decompression and C4-C6 arthrodesis using a @entity702 mesh cage and cervical plate. About 15 months after the initiation of chemotherapy and 5 months after surgery, the @entity1 was @entity158 free, with significant improvement of his neurological function. In the presence of immunosuppression, the physician should be alert for unusual or opportunistic pathogens of @entity4034 . Long-term antimicrobial chemotherapy and surgical intervention is the cornerstone of successful treatment of multifocal bone M. chelonae infection.

2097771

2097772

2097773

Multiple Scedosporium apiospermum abscesses in a XXXX survivor of a tsunami in northeastern Japan: a case report.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Scedosporium apiospermum is increasingly recognized as a cause of localized and disseminated @entity281 in near-drowning victims. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 59-year-old Japanese @entity1 who was a survivor of a tsunami in northeastern Japan and who had lung and @entity867 caused by S. apiospermum. Initially, an @entity281 was suspected, so she was treated with @entity1331 . However, computed tomography scans of her chest revealed @entity1997 , and magnetic resonance images demonstrated multiple abscesses in her brain. S. apiospermum was cultured from her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and antimycotic therapy with @entity5074 was initiated. Since she developed an increase in the frequency of @entity1540 , an adverse drug reaction to the @entity5074 was suspected. She was started on a treatment of a combination of low-dose @entity5074 and liposomal @entity2379 . After combination therapy, further computed tomography scans of the chest and magnetic resonance images of her brain showed a demarcation of abscesses. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5074 appeared to have a successful record in treating scedosporiosis after a near drowning but, owing to several adverse effects, may possibly not be recommended. Thus, a combination treatment of low-dose @entity5074 and liposomal @entity2379 may be a safe and effective treatment for an S. apiospermum @entity281 . Even though a diagnosis of scedosporiosis may be difficult, a fast and correct etiological diagnosis could improve the @entity1 's chance of recovery in any case.

2097774

2097775

2097776

@entity1744 in @entity1 who acquired XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The postinfectious @entity1744 (PI- @entity5377 ) frequently follows bacterial infections. Since @entity1 suffering from PI- @entity5377 and @entity8416 -infected @entity19 develop similar findings, this animal model has been successfully used for PI- @entity5377 studies; however, @entity5377 has never been studied in @entity1 after @entity8573 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity5377 symptoms in @entity1 who had acquired @entity8573 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A large outbreak of @entity8573 caused by @entity8416 britovi occurred in Izmir, @entity233 , in 2003-2004. The diagnosis of @entity8573 was confirmed by serology and muscle biopsy. After clinical and laboratory evaluations, 72 @entity1 (38 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 , mean age 33.2 +/- 10.4 yr) with @entity8573 without preexisting @entity5377 were enrolled in the study. Noninfected @entity1 (N=27) were used as control group. A questionnaire was developed to assess symptoms of @entity5377 and alarm symptoms. The first interview was done face-to-face. After 2, 4, and 6 months of the first interview, the questionnaire was readministered to the @entity1 without any information on the occurrence of a previous @entity8573 , while it was applied after a year only to the @entity1 who had @entity1109 according to at least one of the previous interviews. RESULTS: According to Rome II criteria, PI- @entity5377 developed in 10 of 72 (13.9%) @entity1 with confirmed @entity8573 , who had no preexisting @entity5377 . The rate of PI- @entity5377 was 13.9% and 13.9% at the 4th and 6th months, respectively. The symptoms of PI- @entity5377 persisted in five of them up to 1 yr. @entity1 without @entity8573 did not develop any @entity5377 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the development of PI- @entity5377 after T. britovi. Consequently, @entity5377 can be considered as a secondary syndrome induced by @entity8573 .

2097777

2097778

2097779

XXXX in @entity1 who acquired @entity8573 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The postinfectious @entity1744 (PI- @entity5377 ) frequently follows bacterial infections. Since @entity1 suffering from PI- @entity5377 and @entity8416 -infected @entity19 develop similar findings, this animal model has been successfully used for PI- @entity5377 studies; however, @entity5377 has never been studied in @entity1 after @entity8573 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity5377 symptoms in @entity1 who had acquired @entity8573 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A large outbreak of @entity8573 caused by @entity8416 britovi occurred in Izmir, @entity233 , in 2003-2004. The diagnosis of @entity8573 was confirmed by serology and muscle biopsy. After clinical and laboratory evaluations, 72 @entity1 (38 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 , mean age 33.2 +/- 10.4 yr) with @entity8573 without preexisting @entity5377 were enrolled in the study. Noninfected @entity1 (N=27) were used as control group. A questionnaire was developed to assess symptoms of @entity5377 and alarm symptoms. The first interview was done face-to-face. After 2, 4, and 6 months of the first interview, the questionnaire was readministered to the @entity1 without any information on the occurrence of a previous @entity8573 , while it was applied after a year only to the @entity1 who had @entity1109 according to at least one of the previous interviews. RESULTS: According to Rome II criteria, PI- @entity5377 developed in 10 of 72 (13.9%) @entity1 with confirmed @entity8573 , who had no preexisting @entity5377 . The rate of PI- @entity5377 was 13.9% and 13.9% at the 4th and 6th months, respectively. The symptoms of PI- @entity5377 persisted in five of them up to 1 yr. @entity1 without @entity8573 did not develop any @entity5377 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the development of PI- @entity5377 after T. britovi. Consequently, @entity5377 can be considered as a secondary syndrome induced by @entity8573 .

2097780

2097781

2097782

@entity1744 in XXXX who acquired @entity8573 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The postinfectious @entity1744 (PI- @entity5377 ) frequently follows bacterial infections. Since @entity1 suffering from PI- @entity5377 and @entity8416 -infected @entity19 develop similar findings, this animal model has been successfully used for PI- @entity5377 studies; however, @entity5377 has never been studied in @entity1 after @entity8573 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the @entity5377 symptoms in @entity1 who had acquired @entity8573 . @entity1 AND METHODS: A large outbreak of @entity8573 caused by @entity8416 britovi occurred in Izmir, @entity233 , in 2003-2004. The diagnosis of @entity8573 was confirmed by serology and muscle biopsy. After clinical and laboratory evaluations, 72 @entity1 (38 @entity1 , 34 @entity1 , mean age 33.2 +/- 10.4 yr) with @entity8573 without preexisting @entity5377 were enrolled in the study. Noninfected @entity1 (N=27) were used as control group. A questionnaire was developed to assess symptoms of @entity5377 and alarm symptoms. The first interview was done face-to-face. After 2, 4, and 6 months of the first interview, the questionnaire was readministered to the @entity1 without any information on the occurrence of a previous @entity8573 , while it was applied after a year only to the @entity1 who had @entity1109 according to at least one of the previous interviews. RESULTS: According to Rome II criteria, PI- @entity5377 developed in 10 of 72 (13.9%) @entity1 with confirmed @entity8573 , who had no preexisting @entity5377 . The rate of PI- @entity5377 was 13.9% and 13.9% at the 4th and 6th months, respectively. The symptoms of PI- @entity5377 persisted in five of them up to 1 yr. @entity1 without @entity8573 did not develop any @entity5377 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the development of PI- @entity5377 after T. britovi. Consequently, @entity5377 can be considered as a secondary syndrome induced by @entity8573 .

2097783

2097784

2097785

Everyday struggling to survive: experience of the urban poor living with advanced XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To understand the meaning of dignity to the urban poor and to describe their experiences living with advanced @entity5 . DESIGN: Qualitative approach using interpretive phenomenology. SETTING: Various community residential and clinical sites in a western city in the United States. SAMPLE: 14 @entity1 (6 @entity1 and 8 @entity1 ) with stage III or IV solid @entity5 who ranged in age from 45-69 years; 50% were @entity1 of color. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from providers caring for the urban poor. Data were collected from in-depth interviews that were audiotaped and transcribed. @entity1 were interviewed as many as three times. Interview transcripts and field notes provided data for the analysis, which was part of a larger project. Researchers identified and analyzed themes within and across cases. FINDINGS: Many of the urban poor had difficult backgrounds prior to being diagnosed with @entity5 . Most @entity1 , even those only weeks from death, focused on living not on dying. @entity1 ' descriptions of their experiences focused on indignity not dignity. Indignity stories, such as being talked down to, not being listened to, and the embarrassment of fecal or @entity322 , were described in vivid detail. CONCLUSIONS: This research confirms the importance of @entity5 care that recognizes @entity1 ' humanity regardless of their psychosocial circumstances. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses need to expediently meet hygiene and toileting needs to decrease threats to @entity1 dignity.

2097786

2097787

2097788

The XXXX after ten years: experiences of a Singapore public hospital.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: The management of @entity282 is an increasingly important aspect of healthcare, leading to the establishment of acute @entity158 services in major surgical centres worldwide. The @entity12761 ( @entity12761 ) was established in most Singapore hospitals in the 1990s. We analysed data collected in our institution over a ten-year period (1998-2007), documenting our experiences, outcomes and complications encountered by our @entity12761 . METHODS: Data was chronologically divided into two groups for analysis: years 1998-2003 (3,248 cases) and 2004-2007 (2,466 cases). Analysis included a comparison of @entity1 profiles, modalities of @entity1337 used, effectiveness of @entity158 relief, adverse effects, complications and @entity1 satisfaction. Results were also compared to published audits and proposed standards in medical literature. RESULTS: The @entity1 profile served by the @entity12761 remained unchanged over the years, but a move away from central neuraxial blocks was noted with an increased utilisation of @entity1 -controlled @entity1337 . There was no clinically significant change in @entity158 scores over the two periods of analysis (0.9 vs. 1.0 at rest, 3.0 vs. 3.0 on movement). There were also no statistically significant changes in the prevalence of @entity1 reporting severe @entity158 while on the @entity12761 (1.5 percent vs. 1.6 percent at rest, p-value is 0.66; 8.5 percent vs. 9.4 percent on movement, p-value is 0.25). Complication rates remained well within international standards and no major complications were reported. @entity1 satisfaction remained high (94.3 percent vs. 94.6 percent, p-value is 0.6). CONCLUSION: The move away from invasive and less targeted analgesic modalities has not compromised the quality of @entity1337 provided. Major morbidity remains extremely rare and incidence of complications has been reduced over the years. @entity1 satisfaction remains well in excess of 90 percent, and the side effects are largely well controlled. With further advancements in the provision of acute postoperative @entity1337 , the @entity12761 will continue to play an important role in the holistic convalescence of the surgical @entity1 .

2097789

2097790

2097791

A combination of @entity13332 and XXXX augments the extracellular levels of @entity1154 in the rat brain.

multiple_choice

@entity13332 , an antidepressant, antagonizes a(2)-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, which leads to enhanced noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission without inhibiting @entity1154 transporters. Using a microdialysis technique, we investigated whether co-administration of @entity13332 and a @entity750 @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), @entity1153 , augments the effects of each drug on the extracellular levels of @entity1154 by pharmacological synergy. @entity13332 increased the extracellular levels of @entity1063 and @entity750 in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, it increased the levels of @entity1063 and @entity935 without changing @entity750 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity1153 increased the levels of all @entity1154 evaluated in both areas, and the combined treatment with @entity13332 augmented these changes. The combined treatment with @entity9006 , an a(2) adrenoceptor antagonist, and @entity1153 also increased all @entity1154 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity6009 , a @entity750 @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist, showed no effect in combination with @entity1153 , while @entity21483 , a @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonist, augmented the effects of @entity1153 on the levels of @entity750 and @entity935 in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that combined treatment with @entity13332 and @entity1153 augments the extracellular levels of @entity1063 , @entity750 and @entity935 through the blockade of a(2) adrenoceptors without regional specificity, whereas @entity13332 enhances serotonergic transmission in a region-specific manner. @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonism may also partly contribute to the amplification effects of @entity13332 on @entity750 and @entity935 levels. These neurochemical changes could play a role in reported advantageous clinical effects in @entity1 treated with an SNRI and @entity13332 .

2097792

2097793

2097794

A combination of @entity13332 and @entity1153 augments the extracellular levels of XXXX in the rat brain.

multiple_choice

@entity13332 , an antidepressant, antagonizes a(2)-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, which leads to enhanced noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission without inhibiting @entity1154 transporters. Using a microdialysis technique, we investigated whether co-administration of @entity13332 and a @entity750 @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), @entity1153 , augments the effects of each drug on the extracellular levels of @entity1154 by pharmacological synergy. @entity13332 increased the extracellular levels of @entity1063 and @entity750 in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, it increased the levels of @entity1063 and @entity935 without changing @entity750 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity1153 increased the levels of all @entity1154 evaluated in both areas, and the combined treatment with @entity13332 augmented these changes. The combined treatment with @entity9006 , an a(2) adrenoceptor antagonist, and @entity1153 also increased all @entity1154 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity6009 , a @entity750 @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist, showed no effect in combination with @entity1153 , while @entity21483 , a @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonist, augmented the effects of @entity1153 on the levels of @entity750 and @entity935 in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that combined treatment with @entity13332 and @entity1153 augments the extracellular levels of @entity1063 , @entity750 and @entity935 through the blockade of a(2) adrenoceptors without regional specificity, whereas @entity13332 enhances serotonergic transmission in a region-specific manner. @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonism may also partly contribute to the amplification effects of @entity13332 on @entity750 and @entity935 levels. These neurochemical changes could play a role in reported advantageous clinical effects in @entity1 treated with an SNRI and @entity13332 .

2097795

2097796

2097797

A combination of XXXX and @entity1153 augments the extracellular levels of @entity1154 in the rat brain.

multiple_choice

@entity13332 , an antidepressant, antagonizes a(2)-adrenergic autoreceptors and heteroreceptors, which leads to enhanced noradrenergic and serotonergic transmission without inhibiting @entity1154 transporters. Using a microdialysis technique, we investigated whether co-administration of @entity13332 and a @entity750 @entity1063 reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), @entity1153 , augments the effects of each drug on the extracellular levels of @entity1154 by pharmacological synergy. @entity13332 increased the extracellular levels of @entity1063 and @entity750 in the dorsal hippocampus. In contrast, it increased the levels of @entity1063 and @entity935 without changing @entity750 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity1153 increased the levels of all @entity1154 evaluated in both areas, and the combined treatment with @entity13332 augmented these changes. The combined treatment with @entity9006 , an a(2) adrenoceptor antagonist, and @entity1153 also increased all @entity1154 levels in the prefrontal cortex. @entity6009 , a @entity750 @entity750 (2A) receptor antagonist, showed no effect in combination with @entity1153 , while @entity21483 , a @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonist, augmented the effects of @entity1153 on the levels of @entity750 and @entity935 in the prefrontal cortex. These results suggest that combined treatment with @entity13332 and @entity1153 augments the extracellular levels of @entity1063 , @entity750 and @entity935 through the blockade of a(2) adrenoceptors without regional specificity, whereas @entity13332 enhances serotonergic transmission in a region-specific manner. @entity750 (2C) receptor antagonism may also partly contribute to the amplification effects of @entity13332 on @entity750 and @entity935 levels. These neurochemical changes could play a role in reported advantageous clinical effects in @entity1 treated with an SNRI and @entity13332 .

2097798

2097799

2097800

Perturbation of tyraminergic/octopaminergic function inhibits oviposition in the XXXX tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.

multiple_choice

The @entity291 tick Rhipicephalus microplus, is one of the most damaging livestock ectoparasites. @entity277 limits the introduction of high-yield @entity291 varieties because they do not have immunity to the diseases transmitted by these ectoparasites. This tick is usually controlled with chemical acaricides but their indiscriminate use has created resistant populations. The discovery of new molecules that can be used for tick control is urgent. Based on the knowledge that @entity11879 , a biogenic @entity6115 analog to @entity1425 , is central to the regulation of oviposition in several studied arthropods and that an imbalance in @entity11879 release causes sterility in a @entity238 model. @entity6114 , @entity11879 and @entity13204 and 83 adrenergic compounds classified by their effect in the vertebrate systems were screened for their ability to block oviposition in Rhipicephalus microplus. Of these molecules, we found that 10 alpha-agonists, 3 alpha-antagonists, 5 beta-adrenergic agonists, 7 beta-antagonists and @entity1063 were able to inhibit oviposition in this tick at pharmacological concentrations. Surprisingly, @entity6114 appears to be more potent than @entity11879 . The probable physiological causes of this inhibition are discussed. Our results suggest that although there are alpha adrenergic-like receptors in the tick, they do not behave in a manner completely analogous to their vertebrate counterparts.

2097801

2097802

2097803

Early results of modified nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy and phacoemulsification in the treatment of open angle glaucoma and XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To study the outcome and control of intraocular pressure (IOP) of a combined modified nonpenetrating deep sclerectomy (NPDS) without use of implants and phacoemulsification in @entity1 with @entity725 ( @entity725 ) and @entity231 . METHODS: Prospective series of 14 eyes in 14 @entity1 with medically uncontrolled @entity725 and @entity231 with significant @entity227 undergoing a modified NPDS and phacoemulsification. The surgery was designed to utilize all four mechanisms of outflow track of aqueous of NPDS without the use of scleral implant and a standardized postoperative management and early Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture at 4 weeks. All @entity1 underwent clinical assessment before and after surgery at day 1, day 7, weeks 2, 3, and 4, and then at 2, 3, and 6 months postoperation. Surgical outcome was assessed in terms of IOP, visual acuity, and the incidence of complications. RESULTS: IOP decreased significantly from a preoperative value of 21.71+/-3.81 mmHg (mean +/- SD) to a postoperative value of 13.14+/-3.73 mmHg (mean +/- SD) (p<0.05, paired t test) at 6 months. The number of antiglaucoma eyedrops needed for control of IOP decreased from 3.28+/-0.91 to zero after operation at 6 months follow-up. The change in IOP pre and post laser goniopuncture was noted with no complication or fluctuation in anterior chamber depth. Visual acuity ranged from finger counting to 6/18 with Snellen chart at 6 meters preoperatively to 6/36 to 6/9 postoperatively. There were no intraoperative complications. There was one recessed conjunctival wound at 1 week. No other @entity260 was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Modified NPDS without scleral implant with early Nd:YAG laser goniopuncture and phacoemulsification for treatment of @entity1 with @entity725 and @entity231 is a safe and effective procedure with complete success at 6 months.

2097804

2097805

2097806

Problems in the current diagnostic standards of XXXX @entity1149 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although @entity17470 ( @entity17470 ) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is considered to be locoregional, the postoperative outcome is disappointing, with a 5 year survival of less than 50%. One possible reason may be that cN1disease diagnosed by current standard imaging modalities often contains unexpected N2 disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical and pathological results of @entity1 with @entity17470 @entity1149 . METHODS: Among 1782 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent intended curative resection from 1993 to 2003, 143 @entity1 were identified as having @entity17470 disease and were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological records and CT films of each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed to identify predictors for @entity477 -3 disease. RESULTS: The pathological nodal status was pN0 in 23% (n = 33), @entity3121 in 47% (n = 67) and @entity477 -3 in 30% (n = 43) of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity477 -3 showed a significantly worse 5 year survival rate of 38% compared with @entity1 with pN0 (68%) and @entity3121 (60%) (p = 0.017 and 0.007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity420 histology was a significant predictor for @entity477 -3 disease (OR 3.312, 95% CI 1.439 to 7.784; p = 0.005). The presence of N1 node separate from the main @entity5 on CT scans tended to predict @entity477 -3 disease although this did not reach statistical significance (OR 2.103, 95% CI 0.955 to 4.693; p = 0.066). Pathological N2-3 disease was found in 53% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a separate N1 pattern and in only 12% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a continuous N1 pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of N1 status by contrast enhanced CT scans is unsatisfactory with a high rate of unexpected @entity477 disease. To avoid infertile lung resection, @entity1 with CT diagnosed N1 @entity420 , especially with a separate N1 pattern on CT, should be considered for additional invasive node biopsy modalities, including mediastinoscopy.

2097807

2097808

2097809

Problems in the current diagnostic standards of @entity17470 XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although @entity17470 ( @entity17470 ) @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) is considered to be locoregional, the postoperative outcome is disappointing, with a 5 year survival of less than 50%. One possible reason may be that cN1disease diagnosed by current standard imaging modalities often contains unexpected N2 disease. This study was conducted to evaluate the surgical and pathological results of @entity1 with @entity17470 @entity1149 . METHODS: Among 1782 @entity1 with @entity1149 who underwent intended curative resection from 1993 to 2003, 143 @entity1 were identified as having @entity17470 disease and were enrolled in this study. The clinicopathological records and CT films of each @entity1 were retrospectively reviewed to identify predictors for @entity477 -3 disease. RESULTS: The pathological nodal status was pN0 in 23% (n = 33), @entity3121 in 47% (n = 67) and @entity477 -3 in 30% (n = 43) of @entity1 . @entity1 with @entity477 -3 showed a significantly worse 5 year survival rate of 38% compared with @entity1 with pN0 (68%) and @entity3121 (60%) (p = 0.017 and 0.007, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that @entity420 histology was a significant predictor for @entity477 -3 disease (OR 3.312, 95% CI 1.439 to 7.784; p = 0.005). The presence of N1 node separate from the main @entity5 on CT scans tended to predict @entity477 -3 disease although this did not reach statistical significance (OR 2.103, 95% CI 0.955 to 4.693; p = 0.066). Pathological N2-3 disease was found in 53% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a separate N1 pattern and in only 12% of @entity1 with @entity420 with a continuous N1 pattern. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of N1 status by contrast enhanced CT scans is unsatisfactory with a high rate of unexpected @entity477 disease. To avoid infertile lung resection, @entity1 with CT diagnosed N1 @entity420 , especially with a separate N1 pattern on CT, should be considered for additional invasive node biopsy modalities, including mediastinoscopy.

2097810

2097811

2097812

[Prospective comparative study of sentinel lymph node mapping in XXXX -- submucosal versus subserosal marking method].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Forty percent of @entity1 with @entity356 undergo unnecessary extended lymph node dissection which may result in higher rate of morbidity and mortality. Successful sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping may help to reduce the number of extended lymphadenectomy. Various marking methods are in use to detect the sentinel lymph node in @entity356 . METHODS: Forty consecutive @entity1 underwent open gastric resection with blue dye mapping and modified D2 lymph node dissection. Sixteen @entity1 (group A) were marked submucosally with endoscopy and 24 @entity1 (group B) were labelled by the surgeon subserosally. The staining method and the lymphadenectomy were supervised by the same surgeon. RESULTS: A total of 795 lymph nodes were removed and examined. The mean number of blue nodes was 4.1 per @entity1 in group A and 4.8 in group B. The false negative rate was 0% in group A and 7.7% in group B. The sensitivity and specificity of SLN mapping was 100% in the submucosal group. The specificity of subserosal marking method was 100%, while the se nsitivity was 92.3%. Submucosal and subserosal marking methods were proven to be equivalent in detection rate, sensitivity and specificity based on 90% confidence interval of the ratio of indicators. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that sentinel lymph node mapping with blue dye alone represents a safety procedure and seems to be adaptable with high sensitivity and specificity, especially in cases of T1 and T2 @entity5 .

2097813

2097814

2097815

Walterinnesia aegyptia venom combined with XXXX nanoparticles enhances the functioning of normal lymphocytes through PI3K/ @entity1994 , NFkB and @entity13436 signaling.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The @entity137 of snake venom varies over time in some species. The venom of newborn and small juvenile snakes appears to be more potent than adults of the same species, and a bite from a snake that has not fed recently, such as one that has just emerged from hibernation, is more dangerous than one that has recently fed due to the larger volume of venom injected. Therefore, the potency of a snake's venom is typically determined using the LD50 or IC50 tests. In the present study, we evaluated the anti- @entity5 potential of snake venom from Walterinnesia aegyptia (WEV) on the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231, as well as its effect on the normal @entity19 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: This venom was used alone (WEV) or in combination with @entity3440 nanoparticles (WEV+NP). The IC50 values of WEV alone and WEV+NP in the MDA-MB-231 cells were determined to be 50 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, at these concentrations, the venom did not affect the viability of normal @entity1 PBMCs. To investigate the in vivo effects of this venom further, three groups of @entity19 were used (15 @entity19 in each group): Group I was the control, Group II was subcutaneously injected with WEV, and Group III was injected with WEV+NP. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we found that the blood lymphocytes of WEV-injected @entity19 exhibited a significant increase in actin polymerization and cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to @entity19149 through the activation of @entity1994 , NF-kB and @entity13436 . These lymphocytes also showed a significant increase in their proliferative capacity in response to mitogen stimulation compared with those isolated from the control @entity19 (P < 0.05). More importantly, in the WEV+NP-treated @entity19 , the biological functions of normal lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in comparison with those of WEV-treated @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the unique biological effects of WEV, and we demonstrated that its combination with nanoparticles strongly enhanced these biological effects.

2097816

2097817

2097818

Walterinnesia aegyptia venom combined with @entity3440 nanoparticles enhances the functioning of normal lymphocytes through PI3K/ @entity1994 , NFkB and XXXX signaling.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The @entity137 of snake venom varies over time in some species. The venom of newborn and small juvenile snakes appears to be more potent than adults of the same species, and a bite from a snake that has not fed recently, such as one that has just emerged from hibernation, is more dangerous than one that has recently fed due to the larger volume of venom injected. Therefore, the potency of a snake's venom is typically determined using the LD50 or IC50 tests. In the present study, we evaluated the anti- @entity5 potential of snake venom from Walterinnesia aegyptia (WEV) on the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231, as well as its effect on the normal @entity19 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: This venom was used alone (WEV) or in combination with @entity3440 nanoparticles (WEV+NP). The IC50 values of WEV alone and WEV+NP in the MDA-MB-231 cells were determined to be 50 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, at these concentrations, the venom did not affect the viability of normal @entity1 PBMCs. To investigate the in vivo effects of this venom further, three groups of @entity19 were used (15 @entity19 in each group): Group I was the control, Group II was subcutaneously injected with WEV, and Group III was injected with WEV+NP. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we found that the blood lymphocytes of WEV-injected @entity19 exhibited a significant increase in actin polymerization and cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to @entity19149 through the activation of @entity1994 , NF-kB and @entity13436 . These lymphocytes also showed a significant increase in their proliferative capacity in response to mitogen stimulation compared with those isolated from the control @entity19 (P < 0.05). More importantly, in the WEV+NP-treated @entity19 , the biological functions of normal lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in comparison with those of WEV-treated @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the unique biological effects of WEV, and we demonstrated that its combination with nanoparticles strongly enhanced these biological effects.

2097819

2097820

2097821

Walterinnesia aegyptia venom combined with @entity3440 nanoparticles enhances the functioning of normal lymphocytes through PI3K/ XXXX , NFkB and @entity13436 signaling.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The @entity137 of snake venom varies over time in some species. The venom of newborn and small juvenile snakes appears to be more potent than adults of the same species, and a bite from a snake that has not fed recently, such as one that has just emerged from hibernation, is more dangerous than one that has recently fed due to the larger volume of venom injected. Therefore, the potency of a snake's venom is typically determined using the LD50 or IC50 tests. In the present study, we evaluated the anti- @entity5 potential of snake venom from Walterinnesia aegyptia (WEV) on the @entity1 @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231, as well as its effect on the normal @entity19 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS: This venom was used alone (WEV) or in combination with @entity3440 nanoparticles (WEV+NP). The IC50 values of WEV alone and WEV+NP in the MDA-MB-231 cells were determined to be 50 ng/ml and 20 ng/ml, respectively. Interestingly, at these concentrations, the venom did not affect the viability of normal @entity1 PBMCs. To investigate the in vivo effects of this venom further, three groups of @entity19 were used (15 @entity19 in each group): Group I was the control, Group II was subcutaneously injected with WEV, and Group III was injected with WEV+NP. Using flow cytometry and western blot analysis, we found that the blood lymphocytes of WEV-injected @entity19 exhibited a significant increase in actin polymerization and cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to @entity19149 through the activation of @entity1994 , NF-kB and @entity13436 . These lymphocytes also showed a significant increase in their proliferative capacity in response to mitogen stimulation compared with those isolated from the control @entity19 (P < 0.05). More importantly, in the WEV+NP-treated @entity19 , the biological functions of normal lymphocytes were significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced in comparison with those of WEV-treated @entity19 . CONCLUSION: Our data reveal the unique biological effects of WEV, and we demonstrated that its combination with nanoparticles strongly enhanced these biological effects.

2097822

2097823

2097824

Anatomic properties of coronary arteries are correlated to the corrected thrombolysis in XXXX frame count in the coronary slow flow phenomenon.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) is an important, angiographic clinical entity, but its etiology remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of local coronary anatomic properties in the genesis of CSFP. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-one consecutive @entity1 with CSFP and 131 @entity1 with angiographically normal coronary flow were prospectively enrolled after documenting coronary flow by corrected thrombolysis in @entity583 frame count (CTFC). Local anatomic parameters including the tortuosity index (TI), the ostial-to-middle diameter ratio, the ostial-to-middle cross-sectional area ratio, and the @entity5036 ( @entity5036 ) of arteries at end-systole were compared between @entity1 with CSFP and controls. RESULTS: For each major coronary artery, CSFP @entity1 had higher TI and NBD compared with controls (all P<0.05). The diameter ratio and cross-sectional area ratio of the three major coronary arteries were higher in the CSFP group (P=0.004 and 0.020, respectively). The TI (r=0.476, P<0.001) and @entity5036 (r=0.186, P=0.004) were significantly correlated with CTFC. However, the higher TI (b=0.424, P<0.001) was the only independent correlate to CTFC. Multivariate logistic analysis revealed that TI (adjusted odds ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.11-1.23, P<0.001) and @entity5036 (adjusted odds ratio 2.20, 95% confidence interval 1.50-3.21, P<0.001) were independent predictors of CSFP. CONCLUSION: The presence of CSFP was associated with higher tortuosity and more distal branches in coronary arteries, indicating that the anatomic properties of coronary arteries could also play a role in the pathogenesis of CSFP.

2097825

2097826

2097827

Combination of transorbital and endoscopic transnasal approaches to repair orbital medial wall and floor XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: This study aimed to illustrate the effectiveness of the combination of the transorbital and the endoscopic transnasal approach in the repair of medial wall and floor orbital @entity174 in Chinese @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 25 Chinese @entity1 (18 @entity1 and 7 @entity1 ) with orbital medial wall and floor @entity174 . All @entity1 had @entity9577 more than 2 mm, 23 had @entity892 , and 11 had eye movement restriction. Bone defect involving both medial and inferior walls was found with computed tomographic scans in all @entity1 . In all 25 @entity1 , surgery was done by 1 surgeon group using the transorbital and the endoscope-assisted transnasal approach. The endoscope was used to give a clear view of the posterior edge of the @entity174 . Titanium meshes were used to repair @entity174 of the orbital floor and the medial wall. Porous @entity691 sheet implants were used to recover the orbital volume. All @entity1 were followed up 12 months after surgery. RESULTS: Enophthalmos was corrected in all 25 @entity1 immediately, @entity892 disappeared or improved in 21 of 23 cases, and eye movement restriction was released or improved in all 11 @entity1 . No significant complications occurred. The @entity702 mesh was completely covered by nasal mucosa at 1 month after surgery by an endoscopic check. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscope-assisted transnasal approach allows for excellent visualization of the extent of the @entity174 , particularly in areas that are difficult to visualize by conventional methods. The combination of the transorbital and the endoscope-assisted transnasal approach is a good way to reconstruct a large orbital wall @entity174 involving the floor and the medial wall.

2097828

2097829

2097830

Role of hyperbaric XXXX therapy in the treatment of bacterial spinal osteomyelitis.

multiple_choice

OBJECT: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy (HBO) is used as primary and/or adjunctive therapy in the treatment of various clinical conditions complicated by local @entity519 . It may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of @entity281 such as @entity4034 that are associated with significant morbidity rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of HBO therapy in the treatment of @entity4034 . METHODS: The clinical records of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity4034 who received HBO therapy during their treatment at the authors' institution over the past 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Six adult @entity1 were identified. Four @entity1 had recently undergone spinal surgery and secondary @entity4034 had developed. These @entity1 received adjunctive HBO therapy due to significant comorbidities and risk factors for poor healing. RESULTS: All @entity1 remained symptom and @entity281 free over the subsequent follow-up period. Two @entity1 had primary @entity4034 that had recurred despite a full course of appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Infection control was achieved after HBO therapy in 1 @entity1 . The mean follow-up period for the study group was 2.9 years (range 5 months to 5 years). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy enabled @entity281 cure in 5 of 6 @entity1 with @entity4034 complicated by medical comorbidities or the failure of primary therapy. These results show that HBO may be a useful adjunctive therapeutic modality in the treatment of @entity4034 , particularly when there are medical comorbidities that increase the risk of poor healing. Hyperbaric @entity26 therapy may also be beneficial in @entity1 with relapsing primary @entity4034 after standard therapy has failed.

2097831

2097832

2097833

Value of TENS for relief of XXXX with or without @entity158 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). METHODS: <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective, randomized, multicentre, single-blind study. SETTING: Twenty-one French @entity158 centres. @entity1 : Two hundred thirty-six consecutive adult @entity1 consulting for chronic @entity1643 , with or without @entity158 (mean age standard deviation: 53 13 years; range: 28-86 years). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either active (n = 117) or sham (n = 119) TENS in four 1-h daily treatment sessions for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was improvement of functional status at 6 weeks (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). Secondary outcome measures were improvement of functional status at 3 months, @entity158 relief (weekly visual analogue scale assessments), positive functional repercussions of @entity158 levels on quality of life, a diminution of the use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication, satisfaction with the overall treatment strategy and compliance. RESULTS: Functional status did not differ between the groups, whether at 6 weeks or 3 months (p = 0.351 at 6 weeks). A significant improvement between the first and last visual analogue scale assessments was observed in @entity1 with either @entity158 alone or lumbar and @entity158 treated with active TENS. Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no functional benefit of TENS in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 .

2097834

2097835

2097836

Value of TENS for relief of @entity1643 with or without XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical neurostimulation (TENS) in @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). METHODS: <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective, randomized, multicentre, single-blind study. SETTING: Twenty-one French @entity158 centres. @entity1 : Two hundred thirty-six consecutive adult @entity1 consulting for chronic @entity1643 , with or without @entity158 (mean age standard deviation: 53 13 years; range: 28-86 years). INTERVENTION: @entity1 were randomly assigned to receive either active (n = 117) or sham (n = 119) TENS in four 1-h daily treatment sessions for 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measured was improvement of functional status at 6 weeks (Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire). Secondary outcome measures were improvement of functional status at 3 months, @entity158 relief (weekly visual analogue scale assessments), positive functional repercussions of @entity158 levels on quality of life, a diminution of the use of analgesic and anti-inflammatory medication, satisfaction with the overall treatment strategy and compliance. RESULTS: Functional status did not differ between the groups, whether at 6 weeks or 3 months (p = 0.351 at 6 weeks). A significant improvement between the first and last visual analogue scale assessments was observed in @entity1 with either @entity158 alone or lumbar and @entity158 treated with active TENS. Other outcome measures did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: There was no functional benefit of TENS in the treatment of @entity1 with chronic @entity1643 .

2097837

2097838

2097839

Validity of eight integrated healthcare delivery organizations' administrative clinical data to capture XXXX chemotherapy exposure.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cancer Research Network (CRN) sites use administrative data to populate their Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW). However, information on VDW chemotherapy data validity is limited. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of VDW chemotherapy data. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 >= 18 years with incident, invasive @entity0 diagnosed between January 1999 and December 2007. Pharmacy and procedure chemotherapy data were extracted from each site's VDW. Random samples of 50 @entity1 stratified on trastuzumab, @entity8253 , and no chemotherapy exposure was selected from each site for detailed chart abstraction. Weighted sensitivities and specificities of VDW compared with abstracted data were calculated. Cumulative doses calculated from VDW data were compared with doses obtained from the medical chart review. RESULTS: The cohort included 13,497 @entity1 with 6,456 (48%) chart review eligible. @entity1 in the sample (N = 400) had a mean age of 65 years. Trastuzumab, @entity4349 , and other chemotherapy weighted sensitivities were 95%, 97%, and 100%, respectively; specificities were 99%, 99%, and 93%, respectively; positive predictive values were 96%, 99%, and 55%, respectively; and negative predictive values were 99%, 96%, and 100%. Trastuzumab and anthracyclines VDW mean doses were 873 and 386 mg, respectively, whereas abstracted mean doses were 1,734 and 369 mgs, respectively (R(2) = 0.14, P < 0.01 and R(2) = 0.05, P = 0.03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Sensitivities and specificities for CRN chemotherapy VDW data were high and dosages were correlated with chart information. IMPACT: The findings support the use of CRN data in evaluating chemotherapy exposures and related outcomes.

2097840

2097841

2097842

XXXX : epidemiology of consultations.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ) affects most @entity1 at some stage in life. However, the burden on the health care system is unclear. We studied: 1) the 1-year consultation prevalence, 2) the rate of first-time consultation for @entity1643 and the relationship of the frequency to other musculoskeletal conditions, and 3) the health care utilization of @entity1 with @entity1643 compared to the general population. METHODS: Using the health care register in Southern Sweden (population 1.2 million), including diagnoses (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision) by physicians, we identified all @entity1 who in 2009 were diagnosed with @entity1643 , defined as lumbago with @entity13549 , @entity1643 , or other/unspecified dorsalgia. We defined first-time consultation as a consultation in 2009 without a record of an @entity1643 diagnosis in 2004-2008. Standardized health care utilization ratios were calculated for @entity1643 @entity1 compared to the general population seeking care. RESULTS: The 1-year consultation prevalence of @entity1643 in the population was 3.8% (4.3% for @entity1 , 3.3% for @entity1 ) and increased with age. @entity1643 had been recorded in 17.1% of all @entity1 (16.5% for @entity1 , 18.0% for @entity1 ) who had been diagnosed with any @entity85 . The rate of first-time consultation was 238 per 10,000 adults (265 for @entity1 , 209 for @entity1 ). The health care utilization ratios in female and male @entity1 with @entity1643 were 1.74 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.73-1.75) and 1.81 (95% CI 1.80-1.82), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1643 , diagnosed in every sixth @entity1 who consulted due to a musculoskeletal problem, is a public health concern that needs structured management. @entity1 with @entity1643 consume close to twice as much health care as the general population and this warrants more awareness.

2097843

2097844

2097845

Early presentation of XXXX in @entity5884 .

multiple_choice

One third of @entity1 with @entity5884 develop @entity612 requiring surgical intervention. However, this condition rarely develops before the age of 15 years. The goal of the current study was to identify anatomical factors and clinical symptoms associated with early presentation of lumbar @entity850 in such @entity1 . The charts of 22 pediatric @entity1 with @entity5884 who developed @entity2649 requiring surgery (subjects) were reviewed retrospectively, focusing on clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and radiographic data. These findings were compared with those of a group of @entity1 who had not developed stenotic symptoms (controls). Analysis was performed using chi2 test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. All 22 subjects presented with @entity613 ( @entity425 , @entity158 ), and 77% had @entity1494 . Compared radiographically with controls, the subjects had a significantly larger average percentage decrease in the transverse interpedicular distance from T12 to L5 (-8% vs -19%, respectively) and a significantly greater thoracolumbar kyphosis angle (24.2-degree angle vs 14.1-degree angle, respectively). These features were associated with an increased likelihood of developing symptomatic @entity850 . The study indicated that 6 @entity1 (32%) of the control group had caudal widening of the lumbar spine from T12 to L5.

2097846

2097847

2097848

Early presentation of @entity612 in XXXX .

multiple_choice

One third of @entity1 with @entity5884 develop @entity612 requiring surgical intervention. However, this condition rarely develops before the age of 15 years. The goal of the current study was to identify anatomical factors and clinical symptoms associated with early presentation of lumbar @entity850 in such @entity1 . The charts of 22 pediatric @entity1 with @entity5884 who developed @entity2649 requiring surgery (subjects) were reviewed retrospectively, focusing on clinical presentation, physical examination findings, and radiographic data. These findings were compared with those of a group of @entity1 who had not developed stenotic symptoms (controls). Analysis was performed using chi2 test. Significance was set at P < 0.05. All 22 subjects presented with @entity613 ( @entity425 , @entity158 ), and 77% had @entity1494 . Compared radiographically with controls, the subjects had a significantly larger average percentage decrease in the transverse interpedicular distance from T12 to L5 (-8% vs -19%, respectively) and a significantly greater thoracolumbar kyphosis angle (24.2-degree angle vs 14.1-degree angle, respectively). These features were associated with an increased likelihood of developing symptomatic @entity850 . The study indicated that 6 @entity1 (32%) of the control group had caudal widening of the lumbar spine from T12 to L5.

2097849

2097850

2097851

Peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration affects the olfactory XXXX system in @entity19 .

multiple_choice

Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an amount that produces acute stress has been found to affect the @entity2922 systems in the brain. Acute peripheral LPS administration activated @entity1063 (NE) metabolism in the locus ceruleus (LC). Approximately 40% of @entity19 LC neurons project to the olfactory bulb (OB) and the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Thus, we investigated the effects of a single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) LPS injection on @entity2922 biosynthesis in the OB and AON in 8-week-old C3H/HeN male @entity19 . In the AON, the content of @entity935 (DA), but not that of NE, was highly increased 6 h after LPS injection. In the OB, the contents of DA and NE did not change; but within 2 h after a single i.p. LPS injection, the mRNA levels of IkappaB, @entity637 , and @entity637 receptor type 1 were significantly enhanced. Almost all @entity637 -immunoreactive cells in the OB of the LPS-injected @entity19 were located in the granule cell layer, and unexpectedly, they were not microglia but astroglia. The number of TUNEL-positive cells identified exclusively in the granule cell layer was significantly increased at 24 h after LPS injection. Therefore, our data suggest that astroglia activated by peripherally injected LPS may release @entity637 , which may trigger apoptosis in the granule cell layer in the OB. The increase in DA content in the AON and the production of @entity637 and apoptotic cells in the OB by acute peripheral LPS administration are not likely to be related.

2097852

2097853

2097854

Peripheral lipopolysaccharide administration affects the olfactory @entity935 system in XXXX .

multiple_choice

Peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an amount that produces acute stress has been found to affect the @entity2922 systems in the brain. Acute peripheral LPS administration activated @entity1063 (NE) metabolism in the locus ceruleus (LC). Approximately 40% of @entity19 LC neurons project to the olfactory bulb (OB) and the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON). Thus, we investigated the effects of a single intra-peritoneal (i.p.) LPS injection on @entity2922 biosynthesis in the OB and AON in 8-week-old C3H/HeN male @entity19 . In the AON, the content of @entity935 (DA), but not that of NE, was highly increased 6 h after LPS injection. In the OB, the contents of DA and NE did not change; but within 2 h after a single i.p. LPS injection, the mRNA levels of IkappaB, @entity637 , and @entity637 receptor type 1 were significantly enhanced. Almost all @entity637 -immunoreactive cells in the OB of the LPS-injected @entity19 were located in the granule cell layer, and unexpectedly, they were not microglia but astroglia. The number of TUNEL-positive cells identified exclusively in the granule cell layer was significantly increased at 24 h after LPS injection. Therefore, our data suggest that astroglia activated by peripherally injected LPS may release @entity637 , which may trigger apoptosis in the granule cell layer in the OB. The increase in DA content in the AON and the production of @entity637 and apoptotic cells in the OB by acute peripheral LPS administration are not likely to be related.

2097855

2097856

2097857

@entity877 levels are associated with XXXX and predict mortality in Malawian @entity1 with @entity6197 : a retrospective case-control study*.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among the angiopoietin- @entity878 system, @entity989 , and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6197 . DESIGN: A case-control study of @entity989 -positive vs. @entity989 -negative @entity1 with clinically defined @entity6197 . SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-five @entity1 presenting with severe @entity311 and meeting a strict definition of clinical @entity6197 (Blantyre @entity772 Score <= 2, @entity3964 @entity5895 , no other identifiable cause for @entity772 ) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded at admission and funduscopic examinations were performed. Admission levels of @entity3658 , @entity877 , and a soluble version of their cognate receptor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that @entity3658 levels are decreased and @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity6197 who had @entity989 compared with those who did not. @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were independent predictors of @entity989 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], @entity877 , 4.3 [1.3-14.6], p = .019; soluble @entity878 , 9.7 [2.1-45.8], p = .004). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were positively correlated with the number of @entity548 , the severity or retinal whitening, and the extent of capillary whitening observed on funduscopic examination (p < .05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity6197 who subsequently died and angiopoetin-2 was an independent predictor of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio: 3.9 [1.2-12.7], p = .024). When combined with clinical parameters, angiopoetin-2 improved prediction of mortality using logistic regression models and classification trees. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insights into mechanisms of endothelial activation in @entity6197 and indicate that the angiopoietin- @entity878 axis is associated with @entity989 and mortality in pediatric @entity6197 .

2097858

2097859

2097860

@entity877 levels are associated with @entity989 and predict mortality in Malawian @entity1 with XXXX : a retrospective case-control study*.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among the angiopoietin- @entity878 system, @entity989 , and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6197 . DESIGN: A case-control study of @entity989 -positive vs. @entity989 -negative @entity1 with clinically defined @entity6197 . SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-five @entity1 presenting with severe @entity311 and meeting a strict definition of clinical @entity6197 (Blantyre @entity772 Score <= 2, @entity3964 @entity5895 , no other identifiable cause for @entity772 ) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded at admission and funduscopic examinations were performed. Admission levels of @entity3658 , @entity877 , and a soluble version of their cognate receptor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that @entity3658 levels are decreased and @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity6197 who had @entity989 compared with those who did not. @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were independent predictors of @entity989 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], @entity877 , 4.3 [1.3-14.6], p = .019; soluble @entity878 , 9.7 [2.1-45.8], p = .004). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were positively correlated with the number of @entity548 , the severity or retinal whitening, and the extent of capillary whitening observed on funduscopic examination (p < .05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity6197 who subsequently died and angiopoetin-2 was an independent predictor of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio: 3.9 [1.2-12.7], p = .024). When combined with clinical parameters, angiopoetin-2 improved prediction of mortality using logistic regression models and classification trees. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insights into mechanisms of endothelial activation in @entity6197 and indicate that the angiopoietin- @entity878 axis is associated with @entity989 and mortality in pediatric @entity6197 .

2097861

2097862

2097863

XXXX levels are associated with @entity989 and predict mortality in Malawian @entity1 with @entity6197 : a retrospective case-control study*.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among the angiopoietin- @entity878 system, @entity989 , and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6197 . DESIGN: A case-control study of @entity989 -positive vs. @entity989 -negative @entity1 with clinically defined @entity6197 . SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-five @entity1 presenting with severe @entity311 and meeting a strict definition of clinical @entity6197 (Blantyre @entity772 Score <= 2, @entity3964 @entity5895 , no other identifiable cause for @entity772 ) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded at admission and funduscopic examinations were performed. Admission levels of @entity3658 , @entity877 , and a soluble version of their cognate receptor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that @entity3658 levels are decreased and @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity6197 who had @entity989 compared with those who did not. @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were independent predictors of @entity989 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], @entity877 , 4.3 [1.3-14.6], p = .019; soluble @entity878 , 9.7 [2.1-45.8], p = .004). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were positively correlated with the number of @entity548 , the severity or retinal whitening, and the extent of capillary whitening observed on funduscopic examination (p < .05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity6197 who subsequently died and angiopoetin-2 was an independent predictor of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio: 3.9 [1.2-12.7], p = .024). When combined with clinical parameters, angiopoetin-2 improved prediction of mortality using logistic regression models and classification trees. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insights into mechanisms of endothelial activation in @entity6197 and indicate that the angiopoietin- @entity878 axis is associated with @entity989 and mortality in pediatric @entity6197 .

2097864

2097865

2097866

@entity877 levels are associated with @entity989 and predict mortality in Malawian XXXX with @entity6197 : a retrospective case-control study*.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among the angiopoietin- @entity878 system, @entity989 , and mortality in @entity1 with @entity6197 . DESIGN: A case-control study of @entity989 -positive vs. @entity989 -negative @entity1 with clinically defined @entity6197 . SETTING: Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. SUBJECTS: One hundred fifty-five @entity1 presenting with severe @entity311 and meeting a strict definition of clinical @entity6197 (Blantyre @entity772 Score <= 2, @entity3964 @entity5895 , no other identifiable cause for @entity772 ) were included in the study. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded at admission and funduscopic examinations were performed. Admission levels of @entity3658 , @entity877 , and a soluble version of their cognate receptor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We show that @entity3658 levels are decreased and @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels are increased in @entity1 with @entity6197 who had @entity989 compared with those who did not. @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were independent predictors of @entity989 (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI], @entity877 , 4.3 [1.3-14.6], p = .019; soluble @entity878 , 9.7 [2.1-45.8], p = .004). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 were positively correlated with the number of @entity548 , the severity or retinal whitening, and the extent of capillary whitening observed on funduscopic examination (p < .05 after adjustment for multiple comparisons). @entity877 and soluble @entity878 levels were elevated in @entity1 with @entity6197 who subsequently died and angiopoetin-2 was an independent predictor of @entity204 (adjusted odds ratio: 3.9 [1.2-12.7], p = .024). When combined with clinical parameters, angiopoetin-2 improved prediction of mortality using logistic regression models and classification trees. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide insights into mechanisms of endothelial activation in @entity6197 and indicate that the angiopoietin- @entity878 axis is associated with @entity989 and mortality in pediatric @entity6197 .

2097867

2097868

2097869

Field observations on the variation of XXXX populations in a pasture-based dairy farm.

multiple_choice

Microbiological and molecular tools were used to monitor @entity8211 populations on farm tracks and paddocks on a dairy farm during different seasons of a year to identify and profile potential environmental niches of Strep. uberis in a pasture-based dairying system. Farm tracks of high or low @entity291 traffic were sampled every 2 wk for an entire year and Strep. uberis numbers were enumerated from a selective medium. During each season of the year, paddocks were sampled for the presence of Strep. uberis before and after grazing by dairy @entity291 . Farm tracks of high @entity291 traffic generally had greater concentrations of Strep. uberis isolated compared with tracks with less @entity291 traffic, but there was also significant variation in the concentrations of Strep. uberis contamination among seasons, being highest in winter and lowest in summer. The bacterium was detected in paddocks only after @entity291 grazing had occurred, but the bacteria could still be detected in soil for up to 2 wk following grazing in winter. Multilocus sequence typing showed great heterogeneity, with some commonality between farm track and milk isolates, which may help explain @entity291 -to-environment or environment-to- @entity291 transmission of the bacterium in the dairy setting.

2097870

2097871

2097872

XXXX with onset in @entity1 younger than 20 years of age.

multiple_choice

@entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is the most common form of @entity6 in @entity1 in Western countries. There have been no large studies of childhood @entity6 from India. We undertook the MEDI study (Multicenter Survey of Early Onset @entity6 in India) to assess the proportion of various subtypes of @entity6 among the young subjects presenting to the endocrinology divisions of seven large teaching hospitals in different regions of India. In addition, we compared the clinical features of @entity1723 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in Indian subjects. @entity1 with onset of disease at younger than 20 years of age were included in this study. Six hundred and three subjects (603) were studied of whom 535 subjects (89%) had @entity1723 , 36 (6%) had @entity2175 , 18 (3%) had @entity6 related to tropical @entity788 or other forms of chronic @entity788 , while other subtypes accounted for the rest. Compared to those with @entity2175 , subjects with @entity1723 were younger, had a lower C-peptide level, higher prevalence of @entity1270 , lower prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, and lower LDL and @entity412 levels. When compared with that of @entity2175 , a higher proportion of @entity1 with @entity1723 were positive for @entity1840 and @entity9217 antibodies, and this difference was statistically significant for @entity1840 antibodies. Overall, this large multicenter study showed that @entity1723 is the commonest form of @entity6 in childhood. @entity2175 is the next most common kind, while chronic @entity788 -related @entity6 is uncommon.

2097873

2097874

2097875

@entity2175 with onset in XXXX younger than 20 years of age.

multiple_choice

@entity1723 ( @entity1723 ) is the most common form of @entity6 in @entity1 in Western countries. There have been no large studies of childhood @entity6 from India. We undertook the MEDI study (Multicenter Survey of Early Onset @entity6 in India) to assess the proportion of various subtypes of @entity6 among the young subjects presenting to the endocrinology divisions of seven large teaching hospitals in different regions of India. In addition, we compared the clinical features of @entity1723 and @entity2175 ( @entity2175 ) in Indian subjects. @entity1 with onset of disease at younger than 20 years of age were included in this study. Six hundred and three subjects (603) were studied of whom 535 subjects (89%) had @entity1723 , 36 (6%) had @entity2175 , 18 (3%) had @entity6 related to tropical @entity788 or other forms of chronic @entity788 , while other subtypes accounted for the rest. Compared to those with @entity2175 , subjects with @entity1723 were younger, had a lower C-peptide level, higher prevalence of @entity1270 , lower prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, and lower LDL and @entity412 levels. When compared with that of @entity2175 , a higher proportion of @entity1 with @entity1723 were positive for @entity1840 and @entity9217 antibodies, and this difference was statistically significant for @entity1840 antibodies. Overall, this large multicenter study showed that @entity1723 is the commonest form of @entity6 in childhood. @entity2175 is the next most common kind, while chronic @entity788 -related @entity6 is uncommon.

2097876

2097877

2097878

Tautomers and electronic states of jet-cooled XXXX investigated by double resonance spectroscopy and theory.

multiple_choice

We present resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI), IR-UV, and UV-UV double resonance spectra of jet-cooled @entity13129 ( @entity13130 ) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) gas phase spectra. @entity13130 is a fluorescing isomer of the nucleobase @entity5536 . The results show that there is only one tautomer of @entity13130 which absorbs in the wavelength range 32,300-34,500 cm(-1). The comparison with the calculated IR spectra of 9H- and 7H- @entity13130 points to 9H- @entity13130 as the dominating tautomer in the gas phase but the spectra are too similar to allow an unambiguous assignment to the respective tautomer. Hence, we determined vertical and adiabatic excitation energies of both tautomers employing combined density functional theory and multi-reference configuration interaction techniques. For the 0-0 band of the first 1pipi* transition of 9H- @entity13130 we obtain a theoretical value of 32,328 cm(-1), in excellent agreement with the band origin of our R2PI spectrum at 32,371 cm(-1). The first singlet pipi* transition of the less stable 7H- @entity13130 tautomer is predicted to be red-shifted by about 1700 cm(-1) with respect to the corresponding transition in 9H- @entity13130 . From the absence of experimental bands in the energy region between 30,300 and 32,350 cm(-1) we conclude that 7H- @entity13130 is not present to an appreciable extent in the molecular beam. Our calculations yield nearly equal energies for the 1npi* and 1pipi* minima of isolated @entity13130 , similar to the situation in @entity5536 . The hitherto existing argument that the energetic order of states is responsible for the different spectroscopic properties of these isomers therefore does not hold. Rather, vibronic levels close to the origin of the 1pipi* transition cannot access the conical intersection between the 1pipi* and S(0) states along a puckering coordinate of the six-membered ring, in contrast to the situation in electronically excited 9H- @entity5536 . As a consequence, a rich vibrational structure can be observed in the R2PI spectrum of @entity13130 whereas the spectrum of 9H- @entity5536 breaks off at low energies.

2097879

2097880

2097881

Pattern of XXXX in the western region of Nepal.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity2194 is an important cause of @entity1939 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics and visual outcome of @entity2194 in the western region of Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All cases of @entity2194 presenting in a one-year period to the Himalaya Eye Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The demographic features, type and cause of @entity130 , time lapse before presenting to the hospital, management and results were noted. RESULTS: Eleven hundred eyes of 1,069 @entity1 (31 bilateral injuries) were included in this study. Males were predominantly affected (69.3 %) compared to their female counterparts. The average age of the @entity1 presenting with @entity130 was 28.3 years. On reviewing the causes of @entity130 , blunt @entity130 which accounted for 56.5 % was the commonest of all, followed by sharp injury accounting for 16.7 %. The commonest type of @entity130 was @entity130 (73.3 %). The visual outcome was poorer in @entity542 as compared to @entity130 . Of the total cases, only 52.9 % presented to the hospital within 24 hours.Over 7 % of them presented as late as one week. Among these @entity1 , 74.8 % of them had regained normal vision (6/18) and 8 % of the total became blind (less than 3/60) according to the WHO criteria. CONCLUSION: Males are more prone to @entity2194 than the females. @entity542 and late presentation are probably the worst prognostic factors for the visual outcome. There is a need of educating the community regarding the importance of seeking immediate medical care after @entity2194 in a country like Nepal.

2097882

2097883

2097884

Clinical features and natural history of acquired cold XXXX in a tertiary referral hospital: a 10-year prospective study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Acquired cold @entity110 (ACU) represents a heterogeneous group of disorders that share a common clinical feature: the development of @entity110 or @entity113 after cold exposure. We present epidemiological and clinical data of subjects with ACU, natural progression and we examine possible parameters that could correlate with disease severity. METHODS: During a 10-year period in all subjects with ACU, detailed record of personal history, laboratory testing, cold stimulation testing (CST), atopy assessment and disease severity took place. In a re-evaluation visit at the end of the surveillance period, ACU progression was assessed from @entity1 in a subjective way. RESULTS: Four thousand one hundred fifty-seven individuals with chronic @entity110 were referred, and 352 (198 males, 154 females, 8.47% of @entity1 with chronic @entity110 ) presented definite symptoms of physical @entity110 , while 95 individuals (49 males, 46 females, 27% of @entity1 with physical @entity110 ) were detected with ACU. Sixty-two @entity1 were included in study analysis. Thirty-two @entity1 (51.6%) were female; the mean age was 41.5 +/- 15.6 years, while the mean age at disease onset was 32.5 +/- 15.6 years; half were < or = 30 years old at disease onset. The mean duration of surveillance was 9.0 +/- 6.9 years. During this time interval, 18 @entity1 (29.0%) showed the same or even worse symptomatology, 26 @entity1 reported some improvement (41.9%), while in 18 @entity1 , symptoms resolved completely (29.0%); the mean time to resolution was 5.6 +/- 3.5 years. Disease severity was the only variable statistically significantly related to disease progression (P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Cold @entity110 is a chronic @entity74 with occasional severe clinical manifestations.

2097885

2097886

2097887

[Ocular complications of @entity645 / XXXX in Cameroon: is there is any correlation with the level of @entity404 lymphocytes count?].

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 in Cameroon and to determine if there is any correlation between their occurrence and the level of @entity404 lymphocytes count. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the General Hospital, Douala, from October 2004 to September 2005. All @entity645 positive @entity1 with known @entity404 count were retained for the study. Each @entity1 had an exhaustive ocular examination. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 including 30 females (52.9%) and 27 males (47.4%) were examined. The mean age was 38.9 years +/- 10.3. The eye examination was pathological in 36 @entity1 (63.2%) and normal in 21 @entity1 (36.8%). An ocular complaint was the inaugural manifestation of the disease in 31.6% of @entity1 . The principal lesions of the anterior segment were @entity1034 (10.5%) and herpes @entity6435 (12.3%). The most common @entity1347 were @entity10657 (14%) and @entity1596 (15.8%). The mean @entity404 count in our series was 118.3/mm3 +/- 106.7. 91.7% of @entity1 with @entity2194 have a @entity404 count of less than 200/mm3. A non linear correlation was found between the @entity404 level and the occurrence of @entity2194 . CONCLUSION: With the improvement of access to antiretroviral treatment, the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 are more common. The role of the ophthalmologist is therefore essential in the diagnosis and management of these @entity1 .

2097888

2097889

2097890

[Ocular complications of XXXX / @entity791 in Cameroon: is there is any correlation with the level of @entity404 lymphocytes count?].

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 in Cameroon and to determine if there is any correlation between their occurrence and the level of @entity404 lymphocytes count. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the General Hospital, Douala, from October 2004 to September 2005. All @entity645 positive @entity1 with known @entity404 count were retained for the study. Each @entity1 had an exhaustive ocular examination. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 including 30 females (52.9%) and 27 males (47.4%) were examined. The mean age was 38.9 years +/- 10.3. The eye examination was pathological in 36 @entity1 (63.2%) and normal in 21 @entity1 (36.8%). An ocular complaint was the inaugural manifestation of the disease in 31.6% of @entity1 . The principal lesions of the anterior segment were @entity1034 (10.5%) and herpes @entity6435 (12.3%). The most common @entity1347 were @entity10657 (14%) and @entity1596 (15.8%). The mean @entity404 count in our series was 118.3/mm3 +/- 106.7. 91.7% of @entity1 with @entity2194 have a @entity404 count of less than 200/mm3. A non linear correlation was found between the @entity404 level and the occurrence of @entity2194 . CONCLUSION: With the improvement of access to antiretroviral treatment, the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 are more common. The role of the ophthalmologist is therefore essential in the diagnosis and management of these @entity1 .

2097891

2097892

2097893

[Ocular complications of @entity645 / @entity791 in Cameroon: is there is any correlation with the level of XXXX lymphocytes count?].

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 in Cameroon and to determine if there is any correlation between their occurrence and the level of @entity404 lymphocytes count. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This prospective study was carried out at the General Hospital, Douala, from October 2004 to September 2005. All @entity645 positive @entity1 with known @entity404 count were retained for the study. Each @entity1 had an exhaustive ocular examination. RESULTS: A total of 57 @entity1 including 30 females (52.9%) and 27 males (47.4%) were examined. The mean age was 38.9 years +/- 10.3. The eye examination was pathological in 36 @entity1 (63.2%) and normal in 21 @entity1 (36.8%). An ocular complaint was the inaugural manifestation of the disease in 31.6% of @entity1 . The principal lesions of the anterior segment were @entity1034 (10.5%) and herpes @entity6435 (12.3%). The most common @entity1347 were @entity10657 (14%) and @entity1596 (15.8%). The mean @entity404 count in our series was 118.3/mm3 +/- 106.7. 91.7% of @entity1 with @entity2194 have a @entity404 count of less than 200/mm3. A non linear correlation was found between the @entity404 level and the occurrence of @entity2194 . CONCLUSION: With the improvement of access to antiretroviral treatment, the @entity2194 of @entity645 / @entity791 are more common. The role of the ophthalmologist is therefore essential in the diagnosis and management of these @entity1 .

2097894

2097895

2097896

The relevance of adhesion molecules in the classification of XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have demonstrated increased serum levels of @entity4105 , @entity8729 and @entity4725 in @entity1 with @entity957 , which correlate with expression in the primary @entity5 . For this reason, selectin expression may also support the diagnosis and be of prognostic value in @entity213 ( @entity213 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using immunohistochemistry, the expressions of E- and @entity8729 and @entity4725 in @entity213 were characterised and analysed. RESULTS: The expressions of @entity4105 and @entity4725 were increased. The magnitude of expression was unrelated to the location or size of the primary @entity5 . With increasing de-differentiation, the expression of @entity4105 increased, whereas the number of cells expressing @entity4725 was highly variable. In contrast, @entity4105 and @entity4725 expressions decreased with progressive @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that the expression patterns of @entity4105 and @entity4725 may depend on differentiation and lymphogenic @entity3 in @entity213 , and suggest that these molecules may have a dual role, depending on the stage of @entity5 development. These findings support the hypothesis that expression of @entity4105 and @entity4725 may be initiated by the release of @entity5 @entity39 factor-alpha ( @entity310 ) at an early stage of @entity5 development. In contrast, the decrease in selectin expression, observed as the @entity3 progresses, may serve as a protective mechanism to prevent an influx of effector cells.

2097897

2097898

2097899

Report of two rare complications of pandemic XXXX (H1N1).

multiple_choice

Novel @entity683 (H1N1) has created a major worldwide health problem within a short time after its emergence. This infection is often self-limited, but sometimes can cause severe and fatal complications. In this study, we present two rare complications of pandemic @entity683 , who were referred to Razi University Affiliated Hospital in northern Iran. The first case was a 30-year-old @entity1 with severe @entity10 and high fever accompanied with chills, generalized @entity925 , and @entity4841 . Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was consistent with @entity5827 . The second case, a 25-year-old pregnant @entity1 with high fever, chills and severe @entity1295 and malaise, developed @entity7405 , @entity591 , @entity649 , @entity848 and @entity909 a few hours after admission. Echocardiography reported myopericarditis. The @entity1 was transferred to the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation was begun. The next day, the @entity1 started @entity3556 which progressed to spontaneous abortion three days later. Diagnosis of novel @entity683 (H1N1) was confirmed using real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR of a pharyngeal swab.