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2097000

2097001

2097002

Parturients with XXXX : case series and review of pregnancy outcomes and anesthetic management of labor and delivery.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Advances in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of @entity1121 have resulted in increased longevity and a better quality of life of affected @entity1 considering pregnancy. Several case series which focused predominantly on obstetric details have reported generally good outcomes. However, there remains a paucity of data on the specifics of obstetric anesthesia in @entity1 with @entity1121 . METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, we reviewed antepartum transthoracic echocardiograms, cardiology, obstetric, anesthetic, and nursing labor records with a focus on anesthesia for labor and delivery and early postpartum complications in @entity1 with @entity1121 who delivered between January 1993 and December 2013. RESULTS: There were 23 completed pregnancies in 14 @entity1 : 12 parturients (52%) delivered vaginally, of whom seven (30%) required assistance (forceps, vacuum), and 11 (48%) had a cesarean delivery. In 17 cases (74%) delivery was uneventful, but six @entity1 (26%) had complications including @entity712 (n=3) and postpartum @entity548 (n=3). All @entity1 had neuraxial labor anesthesia/ @entity1337 , and none received general anesthesia. No hemodynamic instability or fetal distress directly related to anesthesia was documented. CONCLUSION: The database search of approximately 160000 deliveries over 20years revealed only a small number of @entity1121 @entity1 with completed pregnancies. No maternal or neonatal deaths were documented. Overall morbidity rate was 26% with a 13% incidence of peripartum @entity712 . In @entity1 with mild to moderate disease, neuraxial anesthesia was safe, effective and well tolerated with no hemodynamic instability related to administration of local anesthetics.

2097003

2097004

2097005

XXXX , elastase, and cytokine profile in effusion from @entity1712 media.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1712 media (EOM) is an intractable disease characterized by a remarkably viscous effusion and accumulation of numerous eosinophils in both the @entity2171 . The key factors in EOM pathogenesis remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors involved in EOM pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity2171 samples were collected from 12 @entity1 with EOM and 9 @entity1 with @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ), as controls. Multiple cytokines in the effusion were measured using a Bio-Plex @entity1 Cytokine 27-Plex panel. @entity14335 ( @entity14335 ) and elastase were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of @entity14335 , elastase, and each cytokine were compared between the EOM and @entity2171 groups. Furthermore, in the EOM group, each cytokine was examined for correlation with @entity14335 and elastase. RESULTS: @entity14335 and elastase concentrations were significantly higher in the EOM group than in the @entity2171 group (p < 0.05). @entity225 , @entity1356 , @entity10557 , @entity1261 , @entity1193 , @entity3646 , @entity379 , @entity12868 , @entity688 , @entity310 , @entity7 , and @entity1199 concentration was significantly higher in the EOM group than in the @entity2171 group (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between @entity14335 and @entity1193 , @entity1199 , @entity225 , @entity4666 , @entity4047 , eotaxin, @entity10557 , PDGF-BB, and @entity5737 in the EOM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity225 , @entity1199 , @entity10557 , and @entity1193 are the important factors involved in EOM pathogenesis. Furthermore, not only eosinophil, but also neutrophil are involved in @entity2172 of EOM.

2097006

2097007

2097008

@entity14335 , elastase, and cytokine profile in effusion from XXXX media.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1712 media (EOM) is an intractable disease characterized by a remarkably viscous effusion and accumulation of numerous eosinophils in both the @entity2171 . The key factors in EOM pathogenesis remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to identify the important factors involved in EOM pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity2171 samples were collected from 12 @entity1 with EOM and 9 @entity1 with @entity2171 ( @entity2171 ), as controls. Multiple cytokines in the effusion were measured using a Bio-Plex @entity1 Cytokine 27-Plex panel. @entity14335 ( @entity14335 ) and elastase were measured by ELISA. The concentrations of @entity14335 , elastase, and each cytokine were compared between the EOM and @entity2171 groups. Furthermore, in the EOM group, each cytokine was examined for correlation with @entity14335 and elastase. RESULTS: @entity14335 and elastase concentrations were significantly higher in the EOM group than in the @entity2171 group (p < 0.05). @entity225 , @entity1356 , @entity10557 , @entity1261 , @entity1193 , @entity3646 , @entity379 , @entity12868 , @entity688 , @entity310 , @entity7 , and @entity1199 concentration was significantly higher in the EOM group than in the @entity2171 group (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlations were found between @entity14335 and @entity1193 , @entity1199 , @entity225 , @entity4666 , @entity4047 , eotaxin, @entity10557 , PDGF-BB, and @entity5737 in the EOM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that @entity225 , @entity1199 , @entity10557 , and @entity1193 are the important factors involved in EOM pathogenesis. Furthermore, not only eosinophil, but also neutrophil are involved in @entity2172 of EOM.

2097009

2097010

2097011

Japanese and American public health approaches to preventing population XXXX : A role for paternalism?

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Controlling population @entity1017 is a major concern for industrialized nations because of associated health risks. Although Japan is experiencing rising prevalence of @entity28 and overweight, historically they have had and continue to maintain a low prevalence relative to other developed countries. Therefore, Japan provides an interesting case study of strategies to curb population @entity1017 . In this paper we explore Japanese approaches to @entity28 and diet through observational and ethnographic interviews conducted between June 2009 and September 2013. Nineteen interviews were conducted at four companies and three schools in Tokyo, as well as at a central Tokyo community health care center and school lunch distribution center. Interviewees included physicians, a Ministry of Health bureaucrat, @entity1 resources managers, welfare nurses employed by health insurance organizations, school nurses (also government employees), school nutritionists, and a school counselor. We highlight the role of culture and social norms in encouraging healthful behavior in Japan, focusing on the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare's @entity209 screening program (implemented in 2005) and the Japanese national school lunch program. The Japanese government prescribes optimal body metrics for all Japanese citizens and relies on institutions such as schools and health insurance organizations that are in some instances closely affiliated with the workplace to carry out education. Japan's socio-cultural approach leads us reflect on the cultural and social conditions that make different policy prescriptions more politically feasible and potentially effective. It also provokes us to question whether limited behavioral modifications and "nudging" can lead to broader change in an environment like the United States where there are fewer broadly shared socio-cultural norms regarding acceptable health behavior.

2097012

2097013

2097014

Perinatal XXXX : evolution of an animal model.

multiple_choice

Early research in the Vannucci laboratory prior to 1981 focused largely on brain energy metabolism in the developing @entity35 . At that time, there was no experimental model to study the effects of perinatal @entity519 - @entity63 in the rodent, despite the tremendous need to investigate the pathophysiology of perinatal asphyxial @entity75 in @entity1 . Accordingly, we developed such a model in the postnatal day 7 @entity35 , using a modification of the Levine preparation in the adult @entity35 . @entity35 pups underwent unilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by exposure to systemic @entity519 (8% @entity26 ) at a constant temperature of 37 degrees C. @entity75 , seen histologically, was generally confined to the cerebral hemisphere ipsilateral to the @entity432 , and consisted of selective neuronal death or @entity1188 , depending on the duration of the systemic @entity519 . Tissue injury was observed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and thalamus. Subcortical and periventricular @entity62 was also observed. This model was originally described in the Annals of Neurology in 1981, and during the more than 20 years since that publication numerous investigations utilizing the model have been conducted in our laboratories as well as laboratories around the world. Cerebral blood flow and metabolic correlates have been fully characterized. Physiologic and pharmacologic manipulations have been applied to the model in search of neuroprotective strategies. More recently, molecular biologic alterations during and following the @entity63 stress have been ascertained and the model has been adapted to the immature @entity19 for specific use in genetically altered animals. As predicted in the original article, the model has proven useful for the study of the short- and long-term effects of @entity75 on motor activity, behavior, @entity410 incidence, and the process of maturation in the brain and other organ systems.

2097015

2097016

2097017

A Systematic Review of Outcomes of Contralateral C7 Transfer for the Treatment of Traumatic XXXX : Part 2. Donor-Site Morbidity.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although contralateral C7 (CC7) transfer has been widely used for treating traumatic @entity2685 , the safety of the procedure is questionable. The authors performed a systematic review to investigate the donor-site morbidity, including sensory @entity4681 , to guide clinical decision-making. METHODS: A systematic review on (CC7) transfer for traumatic @entity2685 was performed for original articles in the PubMed and Embase databases. @entity1 demographic data and donor-site morbidity of (CC7) transfer, including incidence, recovery rate, and recovery time were extracted. The sensory abnormality areas and muscles involved in @entity425 were also summarized. RESULTS: A total of 904 @entity1 from 27 studies were reviewed. Overall, 74 percent of @entity1 (668 of 897) experienced @entity3002 , and 98 percent (618 of 633) recovered to normal; the mean recovery time was 3 months. For motor function, 20 percent (118 of 592) had @entity51 after (CC7) transfer and 91 percent (107 of 117) regained normal motor function; the mean recovery time was 6 months. Sensory abnormality mainly occurred in the area of the hand innervated by the median nerve, whereas @entity51 most often involved muscles innervated by the radial nerve. There were 19 @entity1 with long-term morbidity of the donor site in the studies. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of donor-site morbidity after (CC7) transfer was relatively high, and severe and long-term defects occurred occasionally. (CC7) transfer should be indicated only when other donor nerves are not available, and with a comprehensive knowledge of the potential risks.

2097018

2097019

2097020

Changes in Biomass XXXX and Soil Organic @entity505 Stocks following the Conversion from a Secondary Coniferous Forest to a Pine Plantation.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to estimate changes of tree @entity505 (C) and soil organic @entity505 (SOC) stock following a conversion in land use, an issue that has been only insufficiently addressed. For this study, we examined a chronosequence of 2 to 54-year-old Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis plantations that replaced the original @entity19528 ( @entity19528 ) in Southwest China due to clearing. C stocks considered here consisted of tree, understory, litter, and SOC (0-1 m). The results showed that tree C stocks ranged from 0.02 0.001 Mg C ha-1 to 141.43 5.29 Mg C ha-1, and increased gradually with the stand age. Accumulation of tree C stocks occurred in 20 years after reforestaion and C stock level recoverd to @entity19528 . The maximum of understory C stock was found in a 5-year-old stand (6.74 0.7 Mg C ha-1) with 5.8 times that of @entity19528 , thereafter, understory C stock decreased with the growth of plantation. Litter C stock had no difference excluding effects of prescribed burning. Tree C stock exhibited a significant decline in the 2, 5-year-old stand following the conversion to plantation, but later, increased until a steady state-level in the 20, 26-year-old stand. The SOC stocks ranged from 81.08 10.13 Mg C ha-1 to 160.38 17.96 Mg C ha-1. Reforestation significantly decreased SOC stocks of plantation in the 2-year-old stand which lost 42.29 Mg C ha-1 in the 1 m soil depth compared with @entity19528 by reason of soil disturbance from sites preparation, but then subsequently recovered to @entity19528 level. SOC stocks of @entity19528 had no significant difference with other plantation. The surface profile (0-0.1 m) contained s higher SOC stocks than deeper soil depth. C stock associated with tree biomass represented a higher proportion than SOC stocks as stand development proceeded.

2097021

2097022

2097023

Changes in Biomass @entity505 and Soil Organic XXXX Stocks following the Conversion from a Secondary Coniferous Forest to a Pine Plantation.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this study were to estimate changes of tree @entity505 (C) and soil organic @entity505 (SOC) stock following a conversion in land use, an issue that has been only insufficiently addressed. For this study, we examined a chronosequence of 2 to 54-year-old Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis plantations that replaced the original @entity19528 ( @entity19528 ) in Southwest China due to clearing. C stocks considered here consisted of tree, understory, litter, and SOC (0-1 m). The results showed that tree C stocks ranged from 0.02 0.001 Mg C ha-1 to 141.43 5.29 Mg C ha-1, and increased gradually with the stand age. Accumulation of tree C stocks occurred in 20 years after reforestaion and C stock level recoverd to @entity19528 . The maximum of understory C stock was found in a 5-year-old stand (6.74 0.7 Mg C ha-1) with 5.8 times that of @entity19528 , thereafter, understory C stock decreased with the growth of plantation. Litter C stock had no difference excluding effects of prescribed burning. Tree C stock exhibited a significant decline in the 2, 5-year-old stand following the conversion to plantation, but later, increased until a steady state-level in the 20, 26-year-old stand. The SOC stocks ranged from 81.08 10.13 Mg C ha-1 to 160.38 17.96 Mg C ha-1. Reforestation significantly decreased SOC stocks of plantation in the 2-year-old stand which lost 42.29 Mg C ha-1 in the 1 m soil depth compared with @entity19528 by reason of soil disturbance from sites preparation, but then subsequently recovered to @entity19528 level. SOC stocks of @entity19528 had no significant difference with other plantation. The surface profile (0-0.1 m) contained s higher SOC stocks than deeper soil depth. C stock associated with tree biomass represented a higher proportion than SOC stocks as stand development proceeded.

2097024

2097025

2097026

Do Polymicrobial Intra-Abdominal Infections Have Worse Outcomes than XXXX ?

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated microorganism interaction through signaling molecules, some of which are recognized by other bacterial species. This interspecies synergy can prove detrimental to the @entity1 host in @entity325 . We hypothesized that @entity1320 (IAI) have worse outcomes than monomicrobial infections. METHODS: Data from the Study to Optimize Peritoneal Infection Therapy (STOP-IT), a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial, were reviewed for all occurrences of IAI having culture results available. @entity1 in STOP-IT had been randomized to receive four days of antibiotics vs. antibiotics until two days after clinical symptom resolution. @entity1 with polymicrobial and monomicrobial infections were compared by univariable analysis using the Wilcoxon rank sum, (2), and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: Culture results were available for 336 of 518 @entity1 (65%). The durations of antibiotic therapy in polymicrobial (n = 225) and monomicrobial IAI (n = 111) were equal (p = 0.78). Univariable analysis demonstrated similar demographics in the two populations. The 37 @entity1 (11%) with @entity29 were more likely to have polymicrobial IAI (p = 0.05). @entity325 were not associated with a higher risk of @entity281 , recurrent IAI, or @entity204 . CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, polymicrobial IAI do not have worse outcomes than monomicrobial infections. These results suggest polymicrobial IAI can be treated the same as monomicrobial IAI.

2097027

2097028

2097029

Combined XXXX presenting in childhood.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Pediatric @entity1 with chronic and/or refractory @entity792 present challenges in both diagnosis and management. Increasing availability of diagnostic testing has revealed an underlying @entity1200 in @entity1 previously diagnosed with @entity5934 . However, the data are sparse and the majority of @entity1 are adults. PROCEDURE: We performed a retrospective chart review to document the natural history of 23 pediatric @entity1 with @entity792 followed at three tertiary care pediatric hematology clinics. RESULTS: Investigations revealed seven @entity1 (30.4%) with an @entity8782 and six @entity1 (26.1%) with other primary @entity465 . Only one (4.3%) @entity1 was suspected to have @entity1252 and six @entity1 (26.1%) had other types of @entity792 . Treatment consisted of immunosuppressive therapy, intravenous gammaglobulin, and splenectomy. Supportive care included @entity1261 , and blood product transfusions. Two @entity1 (8.7%) died. Complete remission was achieved in 3 @entity1 (13.0%); of the remaining, 14 @entity1 (60.9%) had chronic @entity3039 , 10 @entity1 (43.5%) chronic @entity1398 , and 4 @entity1 (17.4%) chronic @entity5506 with a median follow up of 5 years (2 months-12 years). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that pediatric @entity1 presenting with @entity792 should undergo investigation for underlying @entity1200 , including @entity8782 , other primary @entity465 and @entity792 . The development of an international registry for such @entity1 is imperative to improve the understanding of their complex natural history. Pediatr @entity5 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2097030

2097031

2097032

Endothelin-Mediated Changes in Gene Expression in Isolated Purified XXXX Retinal Ganglion Cells.

multiple_choice

Purpose: A growing body of evidence suggests that the vasoactive peptides endothelins (ETs) and their receptors (primarily the ETB receptor) are contributors to @entity179 in @entity726 . However, actions of ETs in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ETs on gene expression in primary RGCs. Methods: Primary RGCs isolated from @entity35 pups were treated with 100 nM of @entity1827 , @entity19015 , or @entity1826 for 24 hours. Total RNA was extracted followed by cDNA synthesis. Changes in gene expression in RGCs were detected using Affymetrix @entity35 Genome 230 2.0 microarray and categorized by DAVID analysis. Real-time PCR was used to validate gene expression, and immunocytochemistry and immunoblotting to confirm the protein expression of regulated genes. Results: There was more than 2-fold upregulation of 328, 378, or 372 genes, and downregulation of 48, 33, or 28 genes with @entity1827 , @entity19015 , or @entity1826 treatment, respectively, compared to untreated controls. The @entity1976 family, S100 family, matrix metalloproteinases, c-Jun, and ET receptors were the major genes or proteins that were regulated by endothelin treatment. Immunocytochemical staining revealed a significant increase in ETA receptor, ETB receptor, @entity9270 ( @entity9270 ), phosphorylated c-Jun, c-Jun, and @entity2310 with @entity1827 treatment. Protein levels of @entity9270 and c-Jun were confirmed by immunoblotting. Conclusions: Expression of key proteins having regulatory roles in apoptosis, @entity460 homeostasis, cell signaling, and matrix remodeling were altered by treatment with endothelins. The elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying endothelins' actions in RGCs will help understand endothelin-mediated neurodegenerative changes during ocular @entity101 .

2097033

2097034

2097035

Sonographic detection of XXXX in @entity3681 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In some @entity3681 , the clinical picture is suggestive of a @entity174 despite negative three-view radiographs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of high-resolution US to differentiate @entity174 from @entity6475 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 12-month period, @entity1 aged 5-13 years who had sustained an acute @entity3681 suspicious of a @entity174 on clinical examination, but with negative radiography, were referred for high-resolution US. Follow-up radiographs were obtained after 2-3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 were examined. In 13, US did not reveal a @entity174 ; small fractures were detected in 7. All @entity1 with negative US studies had negative follow-up radiographs. In six @entity1 with positive US the follow-up radiographs demonstrated a periosteal reaction. In one @entity1 in whom a @entity174 line identified by US was in the depth of the lateral malleolus, the follow-up radiograph demonstrated an area of increased bone density. CONCLUSIONS: US is effective for the detection of radiographically silent fractures of the paediatric ankle. It may be used as an adjunct to radiography in clinically suspicious, but radiographically negative @entity3681 .

2097036

2097037

2097038

Sonographic detection of @entity174 in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In some @entity3681 , the clinical picture is suggestive of a @entity174 despite negative three-view radiographs. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of high-resolution US to differentiate @entity174 from @entity6475 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 12-month period, @entity1 aged 5-13 years who had sustained an acute @entity3681 suspicious of a @entity174 on clinical examination, but with negative radiography, were referred for high-resolution US. Follow-up radiographs were obtained after 2-3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 20 @entity1 were examined. In 13, US did not reveal a @entity174 ; small fractures were detected in 7. All @entity1 with negative US studies had negative follow-up radiographs. In six @entity1 with positive US the follow-up radiographs demonstrated a periosteal reaction. In one @entity1 in whom a @entity174 line identified by US was in the depth of the lateral malleolus, the follow-up radiograph demonstrated an area of increased bone density. CONCLUSIONS: US is effective for the detection of radiographically silent fractures of the paediatric ankle. It may be used as an adjunct to radiography in clinically suspicious, but radiographically negative @entity3681 .

2097039

2097040

2097041

Detection of disseminated XXXX cells in regional lymph nodes by assay of @entity4166 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and its clinical significance.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To set up a molecular method (i.e. RT-PCR) that can be used to detect disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) in regional lymph nodes (LNs) in @entity1 with @entity2 and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS: @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) was used as marker. Serial dilution study for LC-5 cells (a lung squamous cell line) was performed to detect sensitivity of the molecular protocol. Regional LNs (n = 261) and primary @entity2 tissue (n = 40) were obtained from 40 @entity1 with @entity2 who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy. They were randomly categorized into two groups: group I (LN-based study, n = 20) and group II ( @entity1 -based study, n = 20). Each LN was halved. One half of a LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4166 mRNA. The effect on survival was analyzed. The cumulative survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log rank test. The Cox model analyzed the prognostic factors. RESULTS: @entity4166 mRNA expressed in all @entity5 tissues as well as LC-5, PAa cells (a @entity2220 cell line), but not in normal control LNs. Serial dilution study for LC-5 cells demonstrated that @entity4166 mRNA was detectable at a concentration as low as 10 LC-5 cells in 1x10(7) LN cells. There was no significant difference between the detecting result of single LN and that of mixed LNs (P > 0.05). In 18 of 40 @entity1 , the @entity3 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 @entity1 without pathologically involved nodes, six (27%) were found to express @entity4166 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs in 40 @entity1 by molecular assay, the presence of the @entity4166 product in LNs was related to @entity5 size (chi(2) = 5.76, P < 0.025) as well as cell differentiation of the @entity5 (chi(2) = 7.08, P < 0.01). Following a median observation time of 26 months (range, 4 to 60 months), @entity1 with DTCs in nodes showed significant shorter disease-free survival duration than node-negative @entity1 (log-rank test, P = 0.001). The independence of this prognostic significance was demonstrated by a multivariate analysis (Cox regression model, P = 0.004). The results diagnosed by HE had no significant effect on prognoses (P = 0.455). CONCLUSIONS: Comparing with HE, RT-PCR can make more accurate assessment of metastatic status in LNs, which is helpful for screening the @entity1 in whom the early subclinical @entity3 exists and disclosing the intrinsic regulation of malignant @entity3 . The presence of DTCs in LNs is an independent factor for prognosis. Molecular detection of DTCs in LNs is a supplement for current @entity5 staging in @entity2 .

2097042

2097043

2097044

Detection of disseminated @entity2 cells in regional lymph nodes by assay of XXXX reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and its clinical significance.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To set up a molecular method (i.e. RT-PCR) that can be used to detect disseminated @entity5 cells (DTCs) in regional lymph nodes (LNs) in @entity1 with @entity2 and to evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS: @entity4166 ( @entity4166 ) was used as marker. Serial dilution study for LC-5 cells (a lung squamous cell line) was performed to detect sensitivity of the molecular protocol. Regional LNs (n = 261) and primary @entity2 tissue (n = 40) were obtained from 40 @entity1 with @entity2 who underwent lobectomy or pneumonectomy. They were randomly categorized into two groups: group I (LN-based study, n = 20) and group II ( @entity1 -based study, n = 20). Each LN was halved. One half of a LN was subjected to histological examination (HE) and the other half was subjected to RT-PCR amplification of @entity4166 mRNA. The effect on survival was analyzed. The cumulative survival was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log rank test. The Cox model analyzed the prognostic factors. RESULTS: @entity4166 mRNA expressed in all @entity5 tissues as well as LC-5, PAa cells (a @entity2220 cell line), but not in normal control LNs. Serial dilution study for LC-5 cells demonstrated that @entity4166 mRNA was detectable at a concentration as low as 10 LC-5 cells in 1x10(7) LN cells. There was no significant difference between the detecting result of single LN and that of mixed LNs (P > 0.05). In 18 of 40 @entity1 , the @entity3 in regional LNs was found by both HE and RT-PCR. Of 22 @entity1 without pathologically involved nodes, six (27%) were found to express @entity4166 mRNA in regional LNs. According to the results of regional LNs in 40 @entity1 by molecular assay, the presence of the @entity4166 product in LNs was related to @entity5 size (chi(2) = 5.76, P < 0.025) as well as cell differentiation of the @entity5 (chi(2) = 7.08, P < 0.01). Following a median observation time of 26 months (range, 4 to 60 months), @entity1 with DTCs in nodes showed significant shorter disease-free survival duration than node-negative @entity1 (log-rank test, P = 0.001). The independence of this prognostic significance was demonstrated by a multivariate analysis (Cox regression model, P = 0.004). The results diagnosed by HE had no significant effect on prognoses (P = 0.455). CONCLUSIONS: Comparing with HE, RT-PCR can make more accurate assessment of metastatic status in LNs, which is helpful for screening the @entity1 in whom the early subclinical @entity3 exists and disclosing the intrinsic regulation of malignant @entity3 . The presence of DTCs in LNs is an independent factor for prognosis. Molecular detection of DTCs in LNs is a supplement for current @entity5 staging in @entity2 .

2097045

2097046

2097047

Endosonographic evaluation of perianal XXXX and abscesses: comparison of two instruments and assessment of the role of @entity273 injection.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to compare the performance of a mechanical radial endosonoscope and an endorectal electronic probe and to evaluate the value of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) injection in the diagnosis of perianal @entity292 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 underwent clinical and endosonographic studies for suspected perianal @entity292 or abscesses. Endosonography was performed using two instruments: a mechanical radial endosonoscope (Olympus GF-UM20) and an electronic endorectal probe (Hitachi EUP-R53). The @entity1 were re-examined during and following @entity274 injection using both systems. RESULTS: Thirty-seven fistulous tracts were visualized with the electronic endorectal probe versus only 9 with the mechanical radial endosonoscope. Four @entity1 had @entity850 , precluding the use of the larger electronic probe. Three @entity292 were detected in these @entity1 using the mechanical radial endosonoscope. @entity274 injection was not feasible in 26 @entity1 (43%). Visualization of 11 (31%) @entity292 improved after administration of @entity274 . Six fistulous tracts not detected before @entity274 administration were clearly visualized during injection and for several minutes thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Work-up of perianal @entity292 should be preferably performed using the endorectal electronic probe. However, the mechanical radial endoscope is preferred in @entity1 with anal stricture. @entity274 injection should become an integral part of every sonographic study of perianal @entity292 .

2097048

2097049

2097050

Endosonographic evaluation of perianal @entity292 and abscesses: comparison of two instruments and assessment of the role of XXXX injection.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to compare the performance of a mechanical radial endosonoscope and an endorectal electronic probe and to evaluate the value of @entity273 ( @entity274 ) injection in the diagnosis of perianal @entity292 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Sixty-one @entity1 underwent clinical and endosonographic studies for suspected perianal @entity292 or abscesses. Endosonography was performed using two instruments: a mechanical radial endosonoscope (Olympus GF-UM20) and an electronic endorectal probe (Hitachi EUP-R53). The @entity1 were re-examined during and following @entity274 injection using both systems. RESULTS: Thirty-seven fistulous tracts were visualized with the electronic endorectal probe versus only 9 with the mechanical radial endosonoscope. Four @entity1 had @entity850 , precluding the use of the larger electronic probe. Three @entity292 were detected in these @entity1 using the mechanical radial endosonoscope. @entity274 injection was not feasible in 26 @entity1 (43%). Visualization of 11 (31%) @entity292 improved after administration of @entity274 . Six fistulous tracts not detected before @entity274 administration were clearly visualized during injection and for several minutes thereafter. CONCLUSIONS: Work-up of perianal @entity292 should be preferably performed using the endorectal electronic probe. However, the mechanical radial endoscope is preferred in @entity1 with anal stricture. @entity274 injection should become an integral part of every sonographic study of perianal @entity292 .

2097051

2097052

2097053

Provider compliance to XXXX -based combination therapy at primary health care facilities in the middle belt of Ghana.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In 2004, Ghana implemented the @entity507 -based combination therapy (ACT) policy. Health worker (HW) adherence to the national @entity311 guidelines on case-management with ACT for @entity1 below 5 years of age and older @entity1 presenting at health facilities (HF) for @entity221 was evaluated 5 years post-ACT policy change. METHODS: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted from 2010 to 2011 at HFs that provide curative care as part of outpatient activities in two districts located in the middle belt of Ghana to coincide with the periods of low and high @entity311 transmission seasons. A review of @entity1 medical records, HW interviews, HF inventories and finger-pricked blood obtained for independent @entity311 microscopy were used to assess HW practices on @entity311 case-management. RESULTS: Data from 130 HW interviews, 769 @entity1 medical records at 20 HFs over 75 survey days were individually linked and evaluated. The majority of consultations were performed at health centres/clinics (68.3 %) by medical assistants (28.6 %) and nurse aids (23.5 %). About 68.4 % of HWs had received ACT-specific training and 51.9 %, supervisory visits in the preceding 6 months. Despite the availability of @entity311 diagnostic test at most HFs (94 %), only 39.8 % (241) out of 605 (78.7 %) @entity1 who reported fever were investigated for @entity311 . Treatment with ACT in line with the guidelines was 66.7 %; higher in <5 @entity1 compared to @entity1 >= 5 years old. Judged against reference microscopy, only 44.8 % (107/239) of ACT prescriptions that conformed to the guidelines were "truly @entity311 ". Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HW were significantly more likely to comply with the guidelines if treatment were by low cadre of health staff, were for @entity1 below 5 years of age, and @entity311 test was performed. CONCLUSION: Although the majority of @entity1 presenting with @entity311 received treatment according to the national @entity311 guidelines, there were widespread inappropriate treatment with ACT. Compliance with the guidelines on ACT use was low, 5 years post-ACT policy change. The Ghana NMCP needs to strengthen HW capacity on @entity311 case-management through regular training supported by effective laboratory quality control measures.

2097054

2097055

2097056

Immunoproteomic tools are used to identify masked allergens: Ole e 12, an allergenic @entity3093 reductase from olive ( XXXX ) pollen.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Proteins performing important biochemical activities in the olive tree ( @entity4135 ) pollen have been identified as allergens. One novel 37-kDa protein seems to be associated to the IgE-binding profile of a group of @entity1 suffering @entity566 to @entity2486 and olive pollen. Three previously described olive pollen allergens exhibit very similar molecular mass. Our objective was to identify this allergen by using immunoproteomic approaches. After 2D-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, peptide sequences from several IgE-binding spots, allowed identifying this new allergen, as well as cloning and DNA sequencing of the corresponding gene. The allergen, named Ole e 12, is a polymorphic @entity3093 reductase-like protein of 308 @entity1522 showing 80% and 74% identity with birch and pear allergens, Bet v 6 and Pyr c 5, respectively. A prevalence of 33% in the selected population is in contrast to 4%-10% in groups of subjects suffering from @entity2023 . Recombinant allergen was produced in @entity526 , and deeply characterised. Immunoblotting and ELISA detection as well as inhibition experiments were performed with polyclonal antisera and @entity56 @entity1 ' sera. The recombinant allergen retains the IgE reactivity of its natural counterpart. Close structural and immunological relationships between members of this protein family were supported by their IgG recognition in vegetable species. In summary, Ole e 12 is a minor olive pollen allergen, which gains relevance in @entity1 @entity56 to @entity2486 with @entity2023 . Proteomic approaches used to analyse this allergen provide useful tools to identify hidden allergens, relevant for several @entity56 populations and thus complete allergenic panels.

2097057

2097058

2097059

Immunoproteomic tools are used to identify masked allergens: Ole e 12, an allergenic XXXX reductase from olive ( @entity4135 ) pollen.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Proteins performing important biochemical activities in the olive tree ( @entity4135 ) pollen have been identified as allergens. One novel 37-kDa protein seems to be associated to the IgE-binding profile of a group of @entity1 suffering @entity566 to @entity2486 and olive pollen. Three previously described olive pollen allergens exhibit very similar molecular mass. Our objective was to identify this allergen by using immunoproteomic approaches. After 2D-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, peptide sequences from several IgE-binding spots, allowed identifying this new allergen, as well as cloning and DNA sequencing of the corresponding gene. The allergen, named Ole e 12, is a polymorphic @entity3093 reductase-like protein of 308 @entity1522 showing 80% and 74% identity with birch and pear allergens, Bet v 6 and Pyr c 5, respectively. A prevalence of 33% in the selected population is in contrast to 4%-10% in groups of subjects suffering from @entity2023 . Recombinant allergen was produced in @entity526 , and deeply characterised. Immunoblotting and ELISA detection as well as inhibition experiments were performed with polyclonal antisera and @entity56 @entity1 ' sera. The recombinant allergen retains the IgE reactivity of its natural counterpart. Close structural and immunological relationships between members of this protein family were supported by their IgG recognition in vegetable species. In summary, Ole e 12 is a minor olive pollen allergen, which gains relevance in @entity1 @entity56 to @entity2486 with @entity2023 . Proteomic approaches used to analyse this allergen provide useful tools to identify hidden allergens, relevant for several @entity56 populations and thus complete allergenic panels.

2097060

2097061

2097062

@entity79 in primary XXXX .

multiple_choice

Primary @entity5200 (PH) is very often accompanied by some degree of @entity79 . The most frequent clinical condition in which this association has been observed is @entity460 @entity1790 . In @entity1 affected by this disorder, bone density is very frequently low, and increased susceptibility to @entity174 is reported. The very poor definition of this @entity79 from a histomorphometric point of view is a crucial aspect. At present, the most common finding seems to be a low bone @entity558 . Many factors are involved in the complex relationships between @entity604 and PH. Since @entity604 was mainly reported in @entity1 with fasting @entity5200 , a primary alteration in bone metabolism was proposed as a cause of both @entity5200 and @entity79 . This hypothesis was strengthened by the observation that some bone resorbing-cytokines, such as @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity5 nechrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), are high in @entity12233 @entity1 . An excessive response to the acid load induced by dietary protein intake seems to be an additional factor explaining a primitive alteration of bone. The intestine plays a major role in the clinical course of @entity79 in PH. @entity1 with absorptive @entity5200 less frequently show @entity79 , and a reduction in dietary @entity460 greatly increases the probability of @entity604 in PH subjects. It has recently been reported that greater @entity604 is associated with a larger increase in intestinal @entity460 absorption in PH @entity1 . Considering the absence of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) alterations, it was proposed that this is not a compensatory phenomenon, but probably the marker of disturbed cell @entity460 transport, involving both intestinal and bone tissues. While renal @entity5200 is rather uncommon, the kidney still seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity604 in PH @entity1 , possibly via the effect of mild-to-moderate urinary @entity1391 loss with secondary @entity5886 . In conclusion, @entity604 is very common in PH @entity1 . Even if most of the factors involved in this process have been identified, many aspects of this intriguing clinical condition remain to be elucidated.

2097063

2097064

2097065

XXXX in primary @entity5200 .

multiple_choice

Primary @entity5200 (PH) is very often accompanied by some degree of @entity79 . The most frequent clinical condition in which this association has been observed is @entity460 @entity1790 . In @entity1 affected by this disorder, bone density is very frequently low, and increased susceptibility to @entity174 is reported. The very poor definition of this @entity79 from a histomorphometric point of view is a crucial aspect. At present, the most common finding seems to be a low bone @entity558 . Many factors are involved in the complex relationships between @entity604 and PH. Since @entity604 was mainly reported in @entity1 with fasting @entity5200 , a primary alteration in bone metabolism was proposed as a cause of both @entity5200 and @entity79 . This hypothesis was strengthened by the observation that some bone resorbing-cytokines, such as @entity1192 ( @entity1192 ), @entity650 ( @entity650 ), and @entity5 nechrosis factor-alpha ( @entity310 ), are high in @entity12233 @entity1 . An excessive response to the acid load induced by dietary protein intake seems to be an additional factor explaining a primitive alteration of bone. The intestine plays a major role in the clinical course of @entity79 in PH. @entity1 with absorptive @entity5200 less frequently show @entity79 , and a reduction in dietary @entity460 greatly increases the probability of @entity604 in PH subjects. It has recently been reported that greater @entity604 is associated with a larger increase in intestinal @entity460 absorption in PH @entity1 . Considering the absence of @entity461 ( @entity461 ) alterations, it was proposed that this is not a compensatory phenomenon, but probably the marker of disturbed cell @entity460 transport, involving both intestinal and bone tissues. While renal @entity5200 is rather uncommon, the kidney still seems to play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity604 in PH @entity1 , possibly via the effect of mild-to-moderate urinary @entity1391 loss with secondary @entity5886 . In conclusion, @entity604 is very common in PH @entity1 . Even if most of the factors involved in this process have been identified, many aspects of this intriguing clinical condition remain to be elucidated.

2097066

2097067

2097068

Fibrinolytic effects of peroneal nerve stimulation in @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity455 are at an increased risk of @entity715 events. @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) are important components of the fibrinolytic system, responsible for clot lysis. This study aimed to establish whether peroneal nerve stimulation (PNS) could promote fibrinolysis within a cohort of vascular @entity1 . Ethical approval was obtained for this prospective case-controlled study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to active stimulation or control groups. @entity450 and venous blood samples were taken bilaterally at baseline and following 45min of PNS. ELISA analysis for plasma @entity3479 and @entity2289 was performed utilizing commercially available kits. Statistical analysis evaluated the changes in @entity3479 and @entity2289 levels from baseline for the active (device active), passive (contralateral limb) and control limbs (inactive device applied). Seventy-seven @entity1 were recruited: 30 claudicants (25 active and five controls), 25 @entity1 postoperative infra-inguinal bypass grafts (19 active and six controls) and 22 @entity1 with varicose veins (17 active and five controls) @entity3479 levels reduced significantly in all groups; however, intergroup analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference when comparing the active, passive and control limbs (P=0.079). @entity2289 levels decreased by 16.2% (34.0ng/ml, SD 52.2) in the active limbs but only 3.6% (11.4ng/ml, SD 47.4) and 2.6% (2.7ng/ml, SD 21.3) in the passive and control limbs, respectively (intergroup analysis P<0.001). No relationship between changes in flow and plasma of @entity3479 and @entity2289 were demonstrated. Peroneal nerve stimulation may augment fibrinolysis by decreasing plasma levels of @entity2289 levels in @entity1 with @entity455 .

2097069

2097070

2097071

Fibrinolytic effects of peroneal nerve stimulation in XXXX with @entity455 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity455 are at an increased risk of @entity715 events. @entity3479 ) and @entity2289 ( @entity2289 ) are important components of the fibrinolytic system, responsible for clot lysis. This study aimed to establish whether peroneal nerve stimulation (PNS) could promote fibrinolysis within a cohort of vascular @entity1 . Ethical approval was obtained for this prospective case-controlled study. @entity1 were randomly assigned to active stimulation or control groups. @entity450 and venous blood samples were taken bilaterally at baseline and following 45min of PNS. ELISA analysis for plasma @entity3479 and @entity2289 was performed utilizing commercially available kits. Statistical analysis evaluated the changes in @entity3479 and @entity2289 levels from baseline for the active (device active), passive (contralateral limb) and control limbs (inactive device applied). Seventy-seven @entity1 were recruited: 30 claudicants (25 active and five controls), 25 @entity1 postoperative infra-inguinal bypass grafts (19 active and six controls) and 22 @entity1 with varicose veins (17 active and five controls) @entity3479 levels reduced significantly in all groups; however, intergroup analysis demonstrated no statistically significant difference when comparing the active, passive and control limbs (P=0.079). @entity2289 levels decreased by 16.2% (34.0ng/ml, SD 52.2) in the active limbs but only 3.6% (11.4ng/ml, SD 47.4) and 2.6% (2.7ng/ml, SD 21.3) in the passive and control limbs, respectively (intergroup analysis P<0.001). No relationship between changes in flow and plasma of @entity3479 and @entity2289 were demonstrated. Peroneal nerve stimulation may augment fibrinolysis by decreasing plasma levels of @entity2289 levels in @entity1 with @entity455 .

2097072

2097073

2097074

XXXX treatment in keloids.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity32990 has been used for the treatment of @entity2517 . It has been shown that @entity32990 inhibits the growth of @entity5 cells or induces @entity5 cell death through pro-apoptotic effects. Keloids are @entity5 and are the effect of a deregulated wound-healing process in genetically predisposed @entity1 . Increased cell proliferation, which accounts for the progressive and @entity1184 nature of keloids, correlates with the failure of apoptosis and plays a role in the process of pathological scarring. Keloid cells show a mutated @entity876 gene resulting in functionally inactive @entity876 protein which cannot control genomic integrity. They tend to escape from apoptosis which leads to keloid development by means of accumulation of continuously proliferating cells. Currently, the treatment of keloids remains a challenge for high recurrence rates. However, the design and the development of pro-apoptotic therapeutic strategies would be beneficial to keloids treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: A 55-year-old caucasian @entity1 presented recurrent keloids on a presternal scar. Standard surgical intervention was used to treat the scar. However, this was unsuccessful and a year later the @entity1 sought treatment again, but only by alternative means as the @entity1 refused further surgical intervention. Consequently, based on past research and experience, the authors attempted to treat these lesions with @entity32990 gel, due to the pro-apoptotic effects. CONCLUSION: After 1 month, there was a clinical resolution of lesions, with a slightly squamous, post-inflammatory erythema. A cutaneous biopsy proved the absence of residual keloids and deregulated expression of molecular markers. The last follow-up of the @entity1 , 1 year after treatment, showed that the @entity1 was still free of keloids recurrence.

2097075

2097076

2097077

A home-school-doctor model to break the barriers for uptake of XXXX vaccine.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: A high coverage of @entity1082 ) vaccination is required to achieve a clinically significant reduction in disease burden. Countries implementing free-of-charge national vaccination program for adolescent @entity1 are still challenged by the sub-optimal uptake rate. Voluntary on-site school-based mass vaccination programs have demonstrated high coverage. Here, we tested whether this could be an option for countries without a government-supported vaccination program as in Hong Kong. METHOD: A Home-School-Doctor model was evolved based on extensive literature review of various health promotion models together with studies on HPV vaccination among adolescent @entity1 . The outcome measure was uptake of vaccination. Factors associated with the outcome were measured by validated surveys in which 4,631 students from 24 school territory wide participated. Chi-square test was used to analyze association between the categorical variables and the outcome. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent variables associated with the outcome with vaccine group as case and non-vaccine group as control. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, parental perception of usefulness of the Home-School-Doctor model had a very high odds ratio for uptake of HPV vaccination (OR 26.6, 95 % CI 16.4, 41.9). Paying a reasonable price was another independent factor associated with increased uptake ( @entity11513 , 95 % CI 1.39, 2.1 for those with parents willing to pay US 125-250 for vaccination). For parents and adolescents who were not sure where to get vaccination, this model was significantly associated with improved uptake rate (OR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.23, 2.23). Concerns with side effects of vaccine (OR 0.70, 95 % CI 0.55, 0.88), allowing daughters to make their own decisions (OR 0.49, 95 % CI 0.38, 0.64) and not caring much about daughters' social life (95 % CI 0.45, 0.92) were factors associated with a lower uptake. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study have added knowledge on how a school-based vaccination program would improve vaccine uptake rate even when the users need to pay. Our findings are consistent with other study that the most acceptable way to achieve high uptake of HPV vaccine is to offer voluntary school-based vaccination. CONCLUSION: A model of care incorporating the efforts and expertise of academics and health professionals working closely with school can be applied to improve the uptake of vaccine among adolescent @entity1 . Subsidized voluntary school-based vaccination scheme can be an option.

2097078

2097079

2097080

Effect of culture conditions on production of butter flavor compounds by @entity26044 and @entity9206 in semisolid XXXX -based cultures.

multiple_choice

Two series of 120 h mixed cultures of @entity26044 MITJ-10 and @entity9206 Hansen 1748 were grown in semisolid @entity2829 -based media, applying an orthogonal factorial design in order to establish the most adequate parameters to get compounds related to butter-like flavor. Conditions of @entity2829 pre-treatment established in the first series were hot lime-treatment for 20 min, grinding and sieving to 0.0165 in., partial defatting and cooking for 25 min. While the culture conditions established for the second series were the addition of @entity375 extract (0.2% w/w), and culture starting with 2x10(6) CFU g(-1) and a ratio of @entity26044 and @entity9206 , 3:1. The fermentation profile was studied in a last culture. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prevailed over the native microorganisms, with a specific growth rate of 0.47 h(-1). @entity12741 production correlated (r2=0.9972) with the 12 h exponential growth phase of LAB. The concentration of @entity12741 at that time was 779.56 mg kg(-1). The contents of @entity880 and volatile @entity1718 were low at 12 h, 665 and 1312 mg kg(-1), respectively. During the long stationary phase, they increased up to 4800 and 1886 mg kg(-1), respectively. This procedure might be useful to prepare naturally aromatized raw materials for the food industry.

2097081

2097082

2097083

Effect of culture conditions on production of butter flavor compounds by @entity26044 and XXXX in semisolid @entity2829 -based cultures.

multiple_choice

Two series of 120 h mixed cultures of @entity26044 MITJ-10 and @entity9206 Hansen 1748 were grown in semisolid @entity2829 -based media, applying an orthogonal factorial design in order to establish the most adequate parameters to get compounds related to butter-like flavor. Conditions of @entity2829 pre-treatment established in the first series were hot lime-treatment for 20 min, grinding and sieving to 0.0165 in., partial defatting and cooking for 25 min. While the culture conditions established for the second series were the addition of @entity375 extract (0.2% w/w), and culture starting with 2x10(6) CFU g(-1) and a ratio of @entity26044 and @entity9206 , 3:1. The fermentation profile was studied in a last culture. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prevailed over the native microorganisms, with a specific growth rate of 0.47 h(-1). @entity12741 production correlated (r2=0.9972) with the 12 h exponential growth phase of LAB. The concentration of @entity12741 at that time was 779.56 mg kg(-1). The contents of @entity880 and volatile @entity1718 were low at 12 h, 665 and 1312 mg kg(-1), respectively. During the long stationary phase, they increased up to 4800 and 1886 mg kg(-1), respectively. This procedure might be useful to prepare naturally aromatized raw materials for the food industry.

2097084

2097085

2097086

Effect of culture conditions on production of butter flavor compounds by XXXX and @entity9206 in semisolid @entity2829 -based cultures.

multiple_choice

Two series of 120 h mixed cultures of @entity26044 MITJ-10 and @entity9206 Hansen 1748 were grown in semisolid @entity2829 -based media, applying an orthogonal factorial design in order to establish the most adequate parameters to get compounds related to butter-like flavor. Conditions of @entity2829 pre-treatment established in the first series were hot lime-treatment for 20 min, grinding and sieving to 0.0165 in., partial defatting and cooking for 25 min. While the culture conditions established for the second series were the addition of @entity375 extract (0.2% w/w), and culture starting with 2x10(6) CFU g(-1) and a ratio of @entity26044 and @entity9206 , 3:1. The fermentation profile was studied in a last culture. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) prevailed over the native microorganisms, with a specific growth rate of 0.47 h(-1). @entity12741 production correlated (r2=0.9972) with the 12 h exponential growth phase of LAB. The concentration of @entity12741 at that time was 779.56 mg kg(-1). The contents of @entity880 and volatile @entity1718 were low at 12 h, 665 and 1312 mg kg(-1), respectively. During the long stationary phase, they increased up to 4800 and 1886 mg kg(-1), respectively. This procedure might be useful to prepare naturally aromatized raw materials for the food industry.

2097087

2097088

2097089

Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab in XXXX Refractory to Conventional Therapy in Routine Clinical Practice.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Adalimumab [ADA] was approved for the treatment of @entity31 [ @entity31 ] refractory to conventional therapy in 2012 in Europe. Due to the observed discrepancies between clinical trials and practice, data on the outcome of ADA therapy are really needed from the real life. The aim of this study was to estimate the short- and long-term efficacy and safety of ADA in @entity31 @entity1 from each Hungarian biological centre. @entity1 AND METHODS: This prospective study consisted of @entity31 @entity1 treated with ADA in 10 Hungarian @entity29 centres. The primary endpoints of the study were rates of continuous clinical response, remission, non-response and loss of response at Weeks 12, 30, and 52.The secondary endpoints included @entity33 at Week 52 and the comparison of the efficacy of ADA between biological naive and infliximab [IFX]-treated groups. Colonoscopy was performed before starting the therapy and at Week 52. RESULTS: In all, 73 active @entity31 @entity1 were enrolled in the study: 67.1% of the @entity1 received previous IFX therapy; 75.3% of the @entity1 showed short-term clinical response at Week 12. The probability of maintaining ADA was 48.6% at Week 52 with a continuous clinical response in 92% of these remaining @entity1 . Mucosal healing was achieved in 48.1% of the @entity1 at Week 52. Escalation of ADA was performed in 17.6%, and minor side effects developed in 4% of the @entity1 ; 5.4% of the @entity1 underwent colectomy during the 1-year treatment period. CONCLUSION: @entity31 is a progressive disease that may need early aggressive therapy to prevent @entity2383 . The results of our study demonstrated the favourable efficacy of short- and long-term ADA treatment for @entity1 with @entity31 .

2097090

2097091

2097092

Hand-assisted laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery (HALTS) in radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIM: To prove the feasibility of hand-assisted laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery (HALTS) for radical esophagectomy with three-field @entity418 . METHODS: Esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy was performed using HALTS in 19 @entity1 with @entity418 without distant @entity3 . Five @entity1 had chemo-radiotherapy prior to surgery. RESULTS: All operations were completed successfully without the need for open surgery. Mean surgical time was 476+/-58 min, and mean @entity190 during surgery was 343+/-184 mL. All @entity1 started tube feeding and were moved from the intensive care unit to the general surgery ward the day after surgery. Discharge occurred a median of 10 days after surgery. Fifteen @entity1 could return to full time jobs from 8 to 62 days after surgery (median 22 days) and from 1 to 35 days after discharge (median 9 days). Other three could return to daily activities at home soon as well. No major complications occurred, except one @entity834 . In terms of lung function, %FEV(1) was not changed whereas %VC was reduced significantly 1 month after surgery. All but two recurrences have been healthy without a relapse for a mean of 289 days. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that HALTS may be a useful surgical technique to reduce the invasiveness of conventional radical esophagectomy with three-field lymphadenectomy for @entity418 .

2097093

2097094

2097095

History before diagnosis in XXXX : associations with initial presentation and long-term prognosis.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity976 ( @entity976 ) are often diagnosed after long duration of history (DOH). @entity5 size, hypothalamic involvement (HI), and @entity28 are associated with reduced @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) and functional capacity (FC). The effect of DOH and specific symptoms in history on presentation at initial diagnosis and long-term prognosis are unknown. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of @entity1 ' records and prospective longitudinal follow-up. METHODS: Histories of 411 @entity976 @entity1 recruited in HIT Endo, KRANIOPHARYNGEOM 2000 were retrospectively evaluated for DOH, symptoms and characteristics. The effect of specific manifestations and DOH on clinical presentation and @entity5 characteristics at time of initial @entity976 diagnosis and long-term outcome were analyzed. Main outcome measures were 10-yr @entity1349 and progression-free survival (PFS), FC, and body mass index (BMI) during longitudinal follow-up. RESULTS: Median DOH was 6 mo (range: 0.1-108 mo) and correlated with age at diagnosis. @entity5 size, HI, degree of resection, and BMI at diagnosis were not related to DOH. In multivariate analysis adjusted for age at diagnosis, only @entity1276 was found to have a relevant influence on DOH. @entity227 were associated with larger initial @entity5 size and impaired 10-yr @entity1349 . @entity1017 were observed with longest DOH. PFS and FC were not related to any specific symptom. Endocrine deficits at diagnosis were associated with long DOH. CONCLUSIONS: @entity976 is frequently diagnosed after long DOH, especially in older @entity1 . However, DOH was not associated with @entity5 size, HI, survival or FC. @entity227 necessitate rapid diagnostic work-up.

2097096

2097097

2097098

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with @entity161 typically experience @entity2167 or delusions during acute episodes. Although effective drug treatments are available, many have intractable symptoms that do not recover between acute episodes. One proposed alternative to drug treatments is @entity9808 ( @entity9808 ). To date, many research trials to assess effectiveness of @entity9808 for @entity1 with symptoms of @entity161 have been conducted worldwide. However, there is a lack of consensus on whether @entity9808 should be recommended to be adopted in routine clinical practice. We conducted a systematic review of the literature for all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing @entity9808 with sham or standard treatment. Forty-one trials (1473 @entity1 ) survived eligibility criteria and had extractable data. We found significant differences in favor of temporoparietal @entity9808 compared with sham @entity9808 for global state (7 RCTs, n = 224, @entity601 : -0.5, 95% CI: -0.76 to -0.23) and for positive symptoms measured on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (5 RCTs, n = 127, @entity601 : -6.09, 95% CI: -10.95 to -1.22). However, we also found that the quality of trial reporting was frequently suboptimal and the risks of bias were strong or unascertainable for many trial aspects; this led to many results being graded as very low-quality evidence. On that basis, we were unable to definitively support or refute the routine use of @entity9808 in clinical practice. Future definitive trials of @entity9808 with rigorous processes and high-quality reporting are needed.

2097099

2097100

2097101

[Histopathologic findings in XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study histopathological findings of enucleated eyes with @entity995 . METHODS: Twenty-eight cases of @entity995 treated by enucleation at the Federal University of S o Paulo from December 2000 to October 2002 were histopathologically reviewed. Clinical data included age, gender, race, unilateral or bilateral involvement and previous treatment. The histopathological review evaluated the presence of iris and/or angle neovascularization, @entity5 differentiation and optic nerve and choroidal invasion according to Khelfaoui's classification. RESULTS: Of 27 @entity1 , 13 (48.5%) were @entity1 and 14 (59.3%) were @entity1 , 16 were white, 6 were black and 5 were asiatic, age ranging from 2 to 96 months (mean, 22.7 months). 13 cases were bilateral and 14 cases were unilateral. All @entity5 were histologically characterized by a proliferation of small cells with high nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratios and 20 (71.4%) of them were well differentiated. @entity3193 was observed in 18 (64.2%) cases (degree II, III) and optic nerve invasion in 8 (28.5%) cases (degree III, IV, V). CONCLUSION: Neovascularization, @entity39 and @entity730 were the most commonly observed feature. The invasion into the optic nerve and choroid, which are the two most important predictors of @entity1 outcome were found in 28.5% and 64.2% of the cases, respectively.

2097102

2097103

2097104

[Barriers in the access to XXXX treatment at Altino Ventura Foundation].

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To identify the barriers in the access to treatment of @entity231 and to evaluate the @entity1 's costs in this process. METHODS: A survey of 101 @entity1 who would undergo @entity231 surgery at Altino Ventura Foundation was performed using a questionnaire. The economical and social aspects of the whole process of treatment were evaluated. RESULTS: The principal barriers of @entity231 treatment were: fear of surgery, @entity1 's low income, the need for preoperative examinations and the number of times the @entity1 had to return to the service (3.2 +/- 1.5), as well as the waiting time between the first examination and the surgery (3.2 +/- 2.6 months - Mean +/- SEM). The examination costs varied from 5 to 170 reais (16.6 +/- 2.7 - Mean +/- SEM). DISCUSSION: The main reasons for not seeking for @entity231 treatment, as the fear to undergo surgery and the lack of financial resources had been similar to other Brazilian institutions. The number of times that the @entity1 had to return to the service increased the expenses of the @entity1 and the difficulties faced by him. Altino Ventura Foundation mainly takes care of the poorest population of the State, therefore, the expenses of the @entity1 with transportation and examinations become obstacles to the treatment of @entity231 . CONCLUSIONS: The fear of surgery and the @entity1 's low income and the social level of the institution's users were the principal barriers in the access to @entity231 treatment in this study. The need for preoperative examinations, sometimes unnecessary, contributes to a lower efficiency of the medical services offered to individuals of low income and social conditions. The surgery carried out at the same day of the @entity231 diagnosis makes the solution of the illness quickly possible, diminishing the number of times necessary for the @entity1 's return to health service from three or more, to only one.

2097105

2097106

2097107

XXXX VacA cytotoxin: a probe for a clathrin-independent and Cdc42-dependent pinocytic pathway routed to late endosomes.

multiple_choice

The vacuolating cytotoxin VacA is a major virulence factor of @entity1534 , a bacterium responsible for @entity10189 and @entity5 . VacA associates with lipid rafts, is endocytosed, and reaches the late endocytic compartment where it induces vacuolation. We have investigated the endocytic and intracellular trafficking pathways used by VacA, in HeLa and gastric @entity15206 cells. We report here that VacA was first bound to plasma-membrane domains localized above F-actin structures that were controlled by the Rac1 GTPase. VacA was subsequently pinocytosed by a clathrin-independent mechanism into cell peripheral early endocytic compartments lacking caveolin 1, the Rab5 effector early endosomes antigen-1 (EEA1) and transferrin. These compartments took up fluid-phase (as evidenced by the accumulation of fluorescent dextran) and @entity4495 -anchored proteins (GPI-APs). VacA pinocytosis was controlled by Cdc42 and did not require cellular @entity669 kinases, dynamin 2, @entity857 -ribosylating factor 6, or RhoA GTPase activities. VacA was subsequently routed to EEA1-sorting endosomes and then sorted to late endosomes. During all these different endocytic steps, VacA was continuously associated with detergent resistant membrane domains. From these results we propose that VacA might be a valuable probe to study raft-associated molecules, pinocytosed by a clathrin-independent mechanism, and routed to the degradative compartment.

2097108

2097109

2097110

The ovalbumin serpins revisited: perspective from the XXXX genome of clade B serpin evolution in vertebrates.

multiple_choice

Serpin superfamily proteins, most of which are @entity563 protease inhibitors, share an unusual mechanism rooted in their conserved metastable tertiary structure. Although serpins have been identified in isolated members of archea, bacteria, and plants, a remarkable expansion is found in vertebrates. The @entity1573 protein ovalbumin, a storage protein from egg white, lacking protease inhibitory activity, is an historical member of the superfamily and the founding member of the subgroup known as ov-serpins (ovalbumin-related serpins) or clade B serpins. In the @entity1 , ov-serpins include 13 proteins involved in the regulation of @entity32 , apoptosis, angiogenesis, and embryogenesis. Here, a detailed analysis of the @entity1573 ( @entity1573 ) genome identified 10 clade B serpin genes that map to a single approximately 150-kb locus and contain the signature protein sequence of serpins and the gene structure of ov-serpins, with either seven or eight exons. Orthologues of PAI-2 ( @entity67996 ), MNEI ( @entity67997 ), PI-6 ( @entity67998 ), and maspin ( @entity67999 ) are highly conserved. Comparison with @entity1 ov-serpins identified avian-specific and @entity1 -specific genes. Importantly, a unique model of @entity1 ov-serpin evolution is revealed from the comparative analysis of the @entity1573 and @entity1 loci. The presence of a subset of ov-serpin genes in @entity3392 ( @entity3392 ) gives insight into the ancestral locus. This comparative genomic study provides a valuable perspective on the evolutionary pathway for the clade B serpins, allowing the identification of genes with functions that may have been conserved since the origin of vertebrates. In addition, it suggests that "newer" serpins, such as ovalbumin, have contributed to vertebrate adaptation.

2097111

2097112

2097113

Increased subcortical patellar signal intensity at T2-weighted MR imaging: a subacute finding after XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To investigate the temporal prevalence of a rim of increased signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella at T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging after arthroscopic knee surgery or @entity3331 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prospective and retrospective components of the study were performed after receiving approval from the institutional research ethics board. Written informed consent was obtained for the prospective component of the study. The need for informed consent was waived for the retrospective component of the study. The authors performed a prospective evaluation of serial MR images of the knee of four @entity1 (three @entity1 and one @entity1 ; age range, 28-53 years; mean age, 36.8 years) after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. They also performed a retrospective review of MR images of the knee from 90 consecutive @entity1 (59 male and 31 female @entity1 ; age range, 13-66 years; mean age, 34.6 years) referred for the evaluation of an @entity130 . All imaging studies were evaluated in consensus by two musculoskeletal radiologists for the presence of a rim of increased signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella at T2-weighted imaging. The presence of this signal intensity pattern was correlated with the time to imaging from surgery or @entity130 . Logistic regression modeling was performed with increased subcortical signal intensity as the outcome and a second-degree polynomial for elapsed time as the predictor. RESULTS: All four @entity1 who underwent imaging prospectively after ACL surgery showed increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella 12 weeks after surgery. None of the @entity1 showed these signal intensity changes at 6 or 24 weeks. A subcortical rim of increased T2-weighted signal intensity was seen in the patella in 24 (27%) of the 90 consecutive @entity1 who underwent imaging for the assessment of possible @entity130 . Significant independent differences were seen in the prevalence of increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella when related to time between injury and MR imaging (P = .002), with an increase in prevalence as time since injury increased and a decrease in prevalence in @entity1 who underwent MR imaging more than 20 weeks after injury (P = .013). CONCLUSION: Increased T2-weighted signal intensity in the subcortical part of the patella appears to be a subacute transient MR finding seen after knee surgery or injury.

2097114

2097115

2097116

Effects of a maximal graded exercise test on XXXX as a marker of acute oxidative stress.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: Strenuous exercise in animal studies has been shown to cause acute oxidative stress due to the generation of @entity26 -centered free radicals reflected in lower levels of @entity2041 ( @entity2197 ), higher levels of @entity9492 ( @entity9492 ), and a drop in @entity2197 : @entity9492 ratios, the maintenance of which is crucial for a variety of cell functions. @entity1 studies on this topic are limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a maximal graded exercise test GXTmax (modified Bruce protocol) on @entity2197 as a marker of acute oxidative stress, and whether full recovery will occur at 60 minutes postexercise. METHODS: Eighty sedentary subjects were used as a sample of convenience. Venous blood samples for @entity2197 and @entity9492 were collected directly before, immediately after, and 60 minutes post-GXTmax. Repeated-measures analysis of variance and Bonferroni adjusted t tests (post-GXTmax) versus resting, and 60 minutes recovery versus resting) were used for data analysis. RESULTS: As an acute response to maximal exercise, the @entity2197 levels dropped significantly from a resting baseline value of 1025.75 microM to an immediate post-GXTmax value of 893.30 microM (pooled SE = 7.17 microM). The @entity9492 levels significantly increased from 2.24 microM to 3.15 microM (pooled SE = 0.03 microM). The @entity2197 : @entity9492 ratio levels significantly dropped from baseline 462.12 to 276.40 postexercise (pooled SE = 5.98). The blood @entity2197 , @entity9492 , and @entity2197 : @entity9492 ratio levels showed no significant difference at 60 minutes post-GXTmax when compared with resting values, indicating full recovery. CONCLUSION: The current results indicated that in sedentary individuals, a maximal treadmill GXT is an effective technique for inducing acute oxidative stress as evidenced by @entity2197 system responses, with full return to resting baseline levels within 60 minutes of recovery. The potential for using this model in assessing oxidative stress responses to cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation is of clinical interest, with a need for further investigation.

2097117

2097118

2097119

Tailored interventions to enhance XXXX prevention in @entity1 .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if tailored nursing interventions based on personal knowledge of bone mineral density from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cause increases in knowledge of @entity170 , health beliefs, or @entity170 -prevention behaviors in postmenopausal @entity1 50-65 years of age, 6 months after the intervention. METHOD: The design for this pilot study was a two group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received a tailored intervention; the control group did not. Outcome data were gathered at 6 months after dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The tailored intervention was designed and given to each @entity1 via telephone using her dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results and @entity170 questionnaire data that addressed her knowledge of @entity170 and @entity170 -prevention behaviors of @entity460 intake, exercise, smoking, and @entity167 use. A written mailed copy of the intervention followed the telephone interview. Six months after the intervention, the @entity1 were mailed another @entity170 questionnaire to determine if the tailored intervention made a difference in the outcome variables. SAMPLE: A total 124 @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 65 (101 control, 23 treatment) comprised the sample. RESULTS: There was no difference in knowledge between groups. On the average, there were significantly more perceived barriers to @entity460 in the tailored group (mean = 13.48) than in the nontailored group (mean = 11.55) (t = 2.147; df = 122; p = .034). There were significantly more perceived barriers to exercise in the tailored group (mean = 14.39) than in the nontailored group (mean = 12.21) (t = .144; df = 122; p = .034). Daily @entity460 intake increased in both the tailored and the nontailored groups. The tailored intervention increased @entity1 's daily @entity460 intake from 614.28 to 1039.10 mg (t = -2.896; df = 22; p = .008). The nontailored group daily @entity460 intake increased from 587.91 to 916.30 mg (t = -3.541; df = 100; p = .001); there was no significant difference between the groups. Weight-bearing exercise behaviors decreased from 96.04 minutes to 59.2 minutes in the tailored group but increased slightly in the nontailored group from 81.47 to 87.26 minutes of exercise. CONCLUSION: Tailored interventions increased @entity1 's perceived barriers to @entity460 and exercise. Both groups increased @entity460 intake. The mixed findings of increased perception of barriers to @entity460 and exercise and decreased exercise behaviors indicate the need for further study. This important intervention has implications for orthopaedic nurses and healthcare professionals involved in health promotion and prevention of @entity170 .

2097120

2097121

2097122

Tailored interventions to enhance @entity170 prevention in XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if tailored nursing interventions based on personal knowledge of bone mineral density from a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry cause increases in knowledge of @entity170 , health beliefs, or @entity170 -prevention behaviors in postmenopausal @entity1 50-65 years of age, 6 months after the intervention. METHOD: The design for this pilot study was a two group quasi-experimental design. The treatment group received a tailored intervention; the control group did not. Outcome data were gathered at 6 months after dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. The tailored intervention was designed and given to each @entity1 via telephone using her dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry results and @entity170 questionnaire data that addressed her knowledge of @entity170 and @entity170 -prevention behaviors of @entity460 intake, exercise, smoking, and @entity167 use. A written mailed copy of the intervention followed the telephone interview. Six months after the intervention, the @entity1 were mailed another @entity170 questionnaire to determine if the tailored intervention made a difference in the outcome variables. SAMPLE: A total 124 @entity1 between the ages of 50 and 65 (101 control, 23 treatment) comprised the sample. RESULTS: There was no difference in knowledge between groups. On the average, there were significantly more perceived barriers to @entity460 in the tailored group (mean = 13.48) than in the nontailored group (mean = 11.55) (t = 2.147; df = 122; p = .034). There were significantly more perceived barriers to exercise in the tailored group (mean = 14.39) than in the nontailored group (mean = 12.21) (t = .144; df = 122; p = .034). Daily @entity460 intake increased in both the tailored and the nontailored groups. The tailored intervention increased @entity1 's daily @entity460 intake from 614.28 to 1039.10 mg (t = -2.896; df = 22; p = .008). The nontailored group daily @entity460 intake increased from 587.91 to 916.30 mg (t = -3.541; df = 100; p = .001); there was no significant difference between the groups. Weight-bearing exercise behaviors decreased from 96.04 minutes to 59.2 minutes in the tailored group but increased slightly in the nontailored group from 81.47 to 87.26 minutes of exercise. CONCLUSION: Tailored interventions increased @entity1 's perceived barriers to @entity460 and exercise. Both groups increased @entity460 intake. The mixed findings of increased perception of barriers to @entity460 and exercise and decreased exercise behaviors indicate the need for further study. This important intervention has implications for orthopaedic nurses and healthcare professionals involved in health promotion and prevention of @entity170 .

2097123

2097124

2097125

The isolation and characterization of a glycoprotein from XXXX thoracic aorta.

multiple_choice

1. A glycoprotein extracted by cold alkali from the walls of @entity1 aorta was purified by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. 2. The compound was electrophoretically homogeneous and essentially so by chromatography on @entity8851 -cellulose. Ultracentrifugal examination revealed two components, and it is suggested that the faster-sedimenting component represents an aggregated form of the glycoprotein. 3. Glycoprotein preparations contained approx. 8% of @entity1735 . Digestion with Pronase yielded a glycopeptide fraction containing all the @entity1735 of the glycoprotein. The glycopeptide, of molecular weight about 7800, contained @entity3167 , @entity3649 , @entity3913 , @entity3953 and @entity21775 in the approximate molar proportions 5:10:5:2:11. @entity3167 was terminal with respect to the polysaccharide chains. 4. Both elastase and elastomucoproteinases exhibited proteolytic activity towards the glycoprotein. Studies by other investigators have led to the conclusion that elastomucoproteinases attack protein- @entity1735 complexes occurring in intimate association with @entity2362 in aorta and other tissues, and it is suggested that the glycoprotein may be identified with one of these compounds.

2097126

2097127

2097128

Risk factors for XXXX detected by fetal echocardiography in a tertiary center.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Fetal echocardiography accurately detects @entity154 , but it is costly, time-consuming, and requires highly-skilled operators. Our aim was to define those @entity1 for whom fetal echocardiography is justified. METHODS: The files of 1696 consecutive @entity1 who underwent second- to third-trimester fetal echocardiography at our tertiary center between 1997 and 1999 were reviewed for reason for referral, echocardiography diagnosis, and pregnancy outcome. RESULTS: The @entity1 were categorized by reason for referral into high-and low-risk groups. The high-risk group included 662 @entity1 (39%) with fetal risk factors, 178 (10.5%) with maternal risk factors and 279 (16.5%) with poor obstetric history. The remaining 577 @entity1 (34%) were considered low-risk population. These included 282 self-referred @entity1 (due to maternal @entity148 ) who served as control group, 78 @entity1 who were referred because of a suspected @entity299 on routine second-trimester ultrasound, and 213 @entity1 who were referred because of failure to view the heart on second-trimester ultrasound. In 46 @entity1 , @entity299 (2.7%) were detected prenatally and confirmed postnatally; most of them (41/46, 89%) were in the low-risk population. Abnormal cardiac findings on second-trimester ultrasound and a diagnosis of a single umbilical artery made the most significant contribution to the detection of @entity299 (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity299 occur in the low-risk population. Abnormal view of the fetal heart on routine second-trimester screening is highly predictive of @entity154 .

2097129

2097130

2097131

ADVANCE: action in XXXX .

multiple_choice

The burden of @entity2175 is growing rapidly worldwide, across high-, middle- and low-income countries. This burden is associated primarily with increased risks of macrovascular and @entity66 , and it is agreed that multifactorial treatment regimens are required to reduce it. ADVANCE (Action in @entity532 : Preterax and Diamicron-MR Controlled Evaluation) is a large-scale, 2 x 2 factorial, randomised clinical trial. It will investigate the potential benefits of blood pressure lowering, using a fixed low-dose combination of @entity4687 and @entity7486 vs placebo, and of tighter @entity413 control, using an intensive gliclazide-MR-based @entity413 control regimen vs a standard guidelines-based regimen, separately and together. The two primary outcomes are a composite macrovascular end point of nonfatal @entity64 , nonfatal @entity583 and @entity65 ; and a composite microvascular end point of new or worsening @entity8 or @entity2194 . Following successful recruitment and randomisation of 11,140 @entity1 by March 2003, the study is currently half way through its planned follow-up of 4.5 years. Adherence to randomised study treatment is good; and loss to follow-up is minimal. It is hoped that the study will answer a number of unresolved issues. The blood pressure lowering arm will investigate the possible reduction in major @entity455 in @entity1 with @entity2175 whether or not they have @entity101 , and the possible benefits of blood pressure lowering in such @entity1 already receiving background therapy with the @entity1289 inhibitor @entity4687 . The @entity413 control arm will investigate the possible reduction in both macrovascular and microvascular disease achieved with tighter @entity413 control, targeting an @entity4051 c of 6.5% and a fasting blood @entity413 of 6.0 mmol/l. Finally, the factorial design will enable investigation of the combined effects of more intensive @entity413 control and tighter control of blood pressure.

2097132

2097133

2097134

XXXX and its treatment costs: case study in the Czech Republic.

multiple_choice

This paper deals with the analysis of the costs, applied, for example, when treating specific diseases - an important aid in prioritizing the process of resource allocation. In our review, the specific disease is @entity303 caused by @entity195 . This paper aims to provide more information on the partial costs per @entity1 that are calculated according to the aggregated data from publicly available sources as well as from the results of authors' own investigation. The University Hospital in Hradec Kr lov and the General Health Insurance Company of the Czech Republic participated in this research. The elementary research objective was to compare the costs per @entity1 diagnosed early onset, to those of the @entity1 diagnosed later. The Czech Republic lacks information regarding @entity303 . Therefore, these issues require attention. The methods used in this paper included time series analyses, methods of direct questioning, interviews with experts, and analyses of medical documentation. These methods were combined to exploit their particular advantages and to ensure the issues discussed, were covered. The investigation showed that the underpinning of @entity1 with @entity195 at early onset is advantageous from an economic perspective, because the cost of outpatient care is much lower compared with that of inpatient care. The international comparisons of the volume of care provided should be approached with great caution. These are based solely on the facts of various expert estimates and are not usually supported by hard data. Yet, they still illustrate the overall view of our ability to take care of @entity1 with @entity303 . According to experts, care in the Czech Republic significantly lags behind the rest of developed Europe. While services are provided to 26% of @entity1 with @entity303 in Germany and 50% in France, the experts estimate that services are provided to only 10% of the population in the Czech Republic. If we were to offer a similar volume of services in the Czech Republic, to the same extent as the average in Europe, we would have to triple the existing capacities.

2097135

2097136

2097137

Trapeziometacarpal joint instability after Bennett's XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Investigation of trapeziometacarpal joint instability was undertaken following Bennett's @entity174 . METHODS: We treated six @entity1 who were experiencing trapeziometacarpal joint instability following Bennett's @entity174 . The average age of the @entity1 at the initial visit was 22.2 years. There were four @entity1 and two @entity1 . All six @entity1 complained of trapeziometacarpal joint @entity158 and instability preoperatively. Fluoroscopy confirmed that the beak fragment moved with the shaft fragment. The length of time from injury to surgery ranged from 1 to 29 months (average 10.7 months). Ligament reconstruction based on Eaton's method was performed on five @entity1 , and in one @entity1 the @entity174 site was osteotomized and reduced and the dorsoradial ligament repaired. RESULTS: Over an average follow-up observation period of 20 months, none of the @entity1 complained of severe joint @entity158 or instability. CONCLUSIONS: When treating Bennett's @entity174 , it is necessary to pay careful attention not only to accurate anatomic reduction of the joint surface but also to joint instability.

2097138

2097139

2097140

Computerized three-dimensional study of a rotavirus model of XXXX : comparison with @entity1 @entity2876 .

multiple_choice

@entity2876 is a @entity66 causing @entity3883 in neonates and @entity1 . The clinical spectrum can be broadly categorized into the fetal and perinatal types. A consistent animal model that accurately mimics the whole clinical spectrum of @entity2876 is not yet available. However, @entity6425 of neonatal @entity19 has been shown to produce @entity1146 in the biliary system. This study investigates the three-dimensional computerized morphology of the @entity19 neonatal model comparing with age-matched control @entity19 . Newborn Balb/c @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with rhesus rotavirus within 24-48 h after birth. Control @entity19 received 0.9% @entity1219 . Pups with symptoms of @entity1448 were sacrificed from the 5th to the 15th postinjection day, as were age-matched controls. Their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for three-dimensional computerized image reconstruction. @entity6425 caused obliteration of the intrahepatic bile ducts and single to multiple @entity1146 in the extrahepatic bile duct. At 15 days postinjection, intrahepatic ductal proliferation appeared, and the three-dimensional appearances of the intrahepatic biliary structures were similar to the @entity1 disease. Cystic duct and @entity384 was frequently seen in this model, and this feature distinguishes it from the @entity1 disease in which the gallbladder is almost always atretic. This rotavirus @entity19 model demonstrates many of the features of @entity1 perinatal @entity2876 , and can be used as an investigative tool to further study the pathogenesis of @entity2876 .

2097141

2097142

2097143

Computerized three-dimensional study of a rotavirus model of @entity2876 : comparison with @entity1 XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity2876 is a @entity66 causing @entity3883 in neonates and @entity1 . The clinical spectrum can be broadly categorized into the fetal and perinatal types. A consistent animal model that accurately mimics the whole clinical spectrum of @entity2876 is not yet available. However, @entity6425 of neonatal @entity19 has been shown to produce @entity1146 in the biliary system. This study investigates the three-dimensional computerized morphology of the @entity19 neonatal model comparing with age-matched control @entity19 . Newborn Balb/c @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with rhesus rotavirus within 24-48 h after birth. Control @entity19 received 0.9% @entity1219 . Pups with symptoms of @entity1448 were sacrificed from the 5th to the 15th postinjection day, as were age-matched controls. Their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for three-dimensional computerized image reconstruction. @entity6425 caused obliteration of the intrahepatic bile ducts and single to multiple @entity1146 in the extrahepatic bile duct. At 15 days postinjection, intrahepatic ductal proliferation appeared, and the three-dimensional appearances of the intrahepatic biliary structures were similar to the @entity1 disease. Cystic duct and @entity384 was frequently seen in this model, and this feature distinguishes it from the @entity1 disease in which the gallbladder is almost always atretic. This rotavirus @entity19 model demonstrates many of the features of @entity1 perinatal @entity2876 , and can be used as an investigative tool to further study the pathogenesis of @entity2876 .

2097144

2097145

2097146

Computerized three-dimensional study of a rotavirus model of @entity2876 : comparison with XXXX @entity2876 .

multiple_choice

@entity2876 is a @entity66 causing @entity3883 in neonates and @entity1 . The clinical spectrum can be broadly categorized into the fetal and perinatal types. A consistent animal model that accurately mimics the whole clinical spectrum of @entity2876 is not yet available. However, @entity6425 of neonatal @entity19 has been shown to produce @entity1146 in the biliary system. This study investigates the three-dimensional computerized morphology of the @entity19 neonatal model comparing with age-matched control @entity19 . Newborn Balb/c @entity19 were injected intraperitoneally with rhesus rotavirus within 24-48 h after birth. Control @entity19 received 0.9% @entity1219 . Pups with symptoms of @entity1448 were sacrificed from the 5th to the 15th postinjection day, as were age-matched controls. Their hepatobiliary tissues were prepared for three-dimensional computerized image reconstruction. @entity6425 caused obliteration of the intrahepatic bile ducts and single to multiple @entity1146 in the extrahepatic bile duct. At 15 days postinjection, intrahepatic ductal proliferation appeared, and the three-dimensional appearances of the intrahepatic biliary structures were similar to the @entity1 disease. Cystic duct and @entity384 was frequently seen in this model, and this feature distinguishes it from the @entity1 disease in which the gallbladder is almost always atretic. This rotavirus @entity19 model demonstrates many of the features of @entity1 perinatal @entity2876 , and can be used as an investigative tool to further study the pathogenesis of @entity2876 .

2097147

2097148

2097149

Evaluation of clotting factor activities early after severe XXXX and their correlation with coagulation tests and clinical data.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity130 are amongst the leading causes of @entity204 worldwide, frequently as a result of uncontrolled @entity548 . @entity3124 in clotting factors have been noted in @entity130 -induced @entity1003 . However, the exact underlying conditions that result in @entity1003 remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to elucidate these underlying deficiencies. METHODS: Blood samples were drawn from 45 severely injured @entity130 @entity1 on their arrival at the resuscitation room, and the activities of all soluble clotting factors and routine coagulation tests were assessed. The Mann-Whitney-U-test was used to assess differences in coagulation activity between the @entity1 and healthy controls. Furthermore, Spearman's rank correlation was used to analyze the blood work. RESULTS: After severe @entity130 the levels of serum fibrinogen and @entity460 were significantly reduced. Furthermore, traumatized @entity1 had a significantly increased International Normalized Ratio (INR) compared to healthy controls. The median activities of all clotting factors were reduced after severe @entity1230 , with the exception of factor @entity797 , which was increased. Statistically significant differences were observed for factors II (80 vs. 122 %, P < 0.0001), V (76 vs. 123 %, P < 0.0001), VII (90 vs. 114 %, P = 0.002), @entity797 (200 vs. 108 %, P < 0.0001), and X (86 vs. 122 %, P < 0.0001). Spearman's correlation indicated a significant negative correlation between INR on arrival with fibrinogen and levels of factors II, V, and VII, whereas Partial Thromboplastin Time was significantly negatively correlated with factor @entity797 (all P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a general but rather moderate impairment of clotting factor activities following severe @entity1230 . In the concept of a @entity3459 therapy, this could demand for the use of factor concentrates with higher ratios of clotting factors. Finally, the physiological importance of strongly elevated factor @entity797 activity remains unclear, but a possible interference with ex vivo measurements of Partial Thromboplastin Time has to be considered.

2097150

2097151

2097152

Late XXXX with sinus following anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion.

multiple_choice

Anterior cervical discectomy/corpectomy and fusion is performed in degenerative, traumatic and neoplastic etiologies of the cervical spine. This procedure is highly successful and associated with fewer complications. The rates of early and late @entity86 have been reported to be between 0.1% and 1.6%, the late infections are being very rare. We report a rare case of a 30-year-old @entity645 negative, non- @entity6 male who developed a late prevertebral cervical abscess with discharging sinus over posterior triangle of neck 3 years after an anterior cervical C6 corpectomy with fibular grafting and buttress screw fixation performed elsewhere for @entity36 . The abscess was drained using radical neck dissection approach with @entity281 implant. On culture, the organism was found to be beta-hemolytic streptococci, for which appropriate antibiotics were administered postoperatively. The sinus tract completely healed in 3 months time. Late infection as a complication of anterior cervical spine surgeries is rare and is associated with esophageal perforation, implant migration, seeding of the deep prevertebral space with oropharyngeal flora, or from surgical site/ @entity2259 or with @entity15809 . Few cases have been reported till date, but none have presented with a sinus tract. We present a case of delayed @entity733 after cervical spine instrumentation that followed abnormal path causing sinus track to be developed in the site (the posterior triangle of the neck) other than previous incision site. Exploring both triangles of the neck using radical neck dissection approach was essential for complete excision of sinus track, removal of screw and debridement.

2097153

2097154

2097155

Lifestyle and 30-day complications to surgery for XXXX .

multiple_choice

This study aimed to identify lifestyle factors with impact on 30-day mortality and complications after surgery for a first time @entity14 . All @entity1 in Denmark within a 20 month period were registered in a nationwide database; 57% were included in the analysis. Logistic regression was used, adjusted for age, sex and disease- or treatment related factors. BMI=30 kg/m2 increased the risk of complications in general (CIG), @entity73 ( @entity73 ), deep wound @entity281 and mortality. Smoking increased the risk of CIG, @entity73 and mortality. @entity167 increased the risk of @entity73 and @entity834 . Self perceived physical fitness at or below average increased the risk of CIG, @entity715 , and mortality. The population attributable risk was 23% for complications and 64% for mortality. The results suggest that lifestyle factors are important for the course of the 30-day postoperative period. Lifestyle factors should be considered in future prediction models for outcome after @entity14 surgery.

2097156

2097157

2097158

Fusion of Quantitative Image and Genomic Biomarkers to Improve Prognosis Assessment of Early Stage Lung Cancer XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to develop a new quantitative image feature analysis scheme and investigate its role along with 2 genomic biomarkers namely, protein expression of the @entity11833 ( @entity11833 ) genes and a regulatory subunit of @entity2151 reductase ( @entity4736 ), in predicting @entity5 recurrence risk of Stage I @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 after surgery. METHODS: By using chest computed tomography images, we developed a computer-aided detection scheme to @entity2 and computed @entity5 -related image features. After feature selection, we trained a @entity4024 ve Bayesian network based classifier using 8 image features and a Multilayer Perceptron classifier using 2 genomic biomarkers to predict @entity5 recurrence risk, respectively. Two classifiers were trained and tested using a dataset with 79 Stage I @entity1149 cases, a synthetic minority oversampling technique and a leave-one-case-out validation method. A fusion method was also applied to combine prediction scores of two classifiers. RESULTS: AUC (areas under ROC curves) values are 0.78 0.06 and 0.68 0.07 when using the image feature and genomic biomarker based classifiers, respectively. AUC value significantly increased to 0.84 0.05 (p<0.05) when fusion of two classifier-generated prediction scores using an equal weighting factor. CONCLUSION: A quantitative image feature based classifier yielded significantly higher discriminatory power than a genomic biomarker based classifier in predicting @entity5 recurrence risk. Fusion of prediction scores generated by the two classifiers further improved prediction performance. SIGNIFICANCE: We demonstrated a new approach that has potential to assist clinicians in more effectively managing Stage I @entity1149 @entity1 to reduce @entity5 recurrence risk.

2097159

2097160

2097161

Comparative analysis of the intergenic spacer regions and population structure of the species complex of the pathogenic yeast XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity1327 is an opportunistic basidiomycete responsible for the high incidence of @entity1328 in @entity1 with @entity791 and in other immune-compromised individuals. This study, which focused on the molecular structure and genetic variability of the two varieties in the @entity1327 and @entity14851 species complex, employed sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer regions, IGSI and IGSII. The @entity26972 region is the most rapidly evolving region of the rDNA families. The IGSI displayed the most genetic variability represented by @entity377 base substitutions and the presence of long insertions/deletions (indels). In contrast, the IGSII region exhibited less heterogeneity and the indels were not as extensive as those displayed in the IGSI region. Both intergenic spacers contained short, interspersed repeat motifs, which can be related to length polymorphisms observed between sequences. Phylogenetic analysis undertaken in the IGSI, IGSII and IGSI +5S rRNA + IGSII regions revealed the presence of six major phylogenetic lineages, some of which segregated into subgroups. The major lineages are represented by genotypes 1 ( @entity11937 ), genotype 2 ( @entity1327 . neoformans), and genotypes 3, 4, 5 and 6 represented by @entity14851 . Genotype 6 is a newly described @entity26972 genotypic group within the @entity1327 species complex. With the inclusion of @entity26972 subgenotypic groups, our sequence analysis distinguished 12 different lineages. Sequencing of clones, which was performed to determine the presence of multiple alleles at the @entity26972 locus in several hybrid strains, yielded a single @entity26972 sequence type per isolate, thus suggesting that the selected group of cloned strains was mono-allelic at this locus. @entity26972 sequence analyses proved to be a powerful technique for the delineation of the varieties of @entity1327 and @entity14851 at genotypic and subgenotypic levels.

2097162

2097163

2097164

Gender differences between WOMAC index scores, health-related quality of life and physical performance in an elderly Taiwanese population with XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of the WOMAC index score, health-related quality of life and physical performance in each domain affected by @entity626 ( @entity571 ) and to identify gender differences in the importance of these domains and physical performances. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a population-based study for radiographic knee @entity571 among @entity1 aged more than 65 years. Demographic data were collected and anthropometric measurement, radiographic assessment, the WOMAC index score, the short-form 12 (SF-12), the Timed and Up to Go Test (TUGT) and the Five Times Sit to Stand Test (FTSST) were performed. RESULT: There were 901 individuals (409 males and 492 females) aged 74.04 6.92 (male: 76.35 7.33; female: 72.12 5.92) years included in this study. The WOMAC scores of @entity1 with @entity571 were higher than those without @entity571 in males and females (male: 11.97 15.79 vs 8.23 12.84, p<0.001; female: 10.61 14.97 vs 7.59 3.31, p=0.032). The physical component summary (PCS) score was only significant in females with knee @entity571 (62.14 24.66 vs 66.59 23.85, p=0.043), while the mental component summary (MCS) score was only significant in males with knee @entity571 (78.02 18.59 vs 81.98 15.46, p=0.02). The TUGT and FTSST were not significant in individuals with and without @entity571 in males and females. Moreover, the multivariate results for the WOMAC score were significant for females (3.928 (95% CI 1.287 to 6.569), p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The PCS domains of SF-12 and MCS domains of SF-12 are crucial in Taiwanese females and elderly males, respectively, with knee @entity571 . Different evaluation and treatment strategies based on gender differences should be considered in elderly Taiwanese @entity1 with knee @entity571 to improve their quality of life.

2097165

2097166

2097167

Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of XXXX precursor lesions at the Xingu Indigenous Park, Brazil.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To describe the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity5 precursor lesions at the Xingu Indigenous Park (PIX) from 2005 to 2006. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, transversal study. The research sample consisted of 503 sexually active @entity1 aged 12 years and older. The research was performed in three stages: screening, colposcopy, and surgical treatment by large loop excision of the transformation zone. RESULTS: The cytopathological screening coverage was of 99.6%. The rate of cytologic atypia was 11.7%. Together, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) were observed in 4.6% of the @entity1 . The cytological examination returned a sensitivity of 54%, specificity of 97%, a positive predictive value of 88%, and a negative predictive value of 83%. In the anatomopathological examinations of biopsies, the rate of HSILs was 30.2%. The sensitivity of the anatomopathological examination of biopsies was 72.2%, the specificity was 100%, the positive predictive value was 100%, and the negative predictive value was 44.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Viable strategies for preventing, diagnosing, and treating @entity5 precursor lesions in @entity1 from the PIX include increasing annual coverage of cytopathological examinations, early detection of cervical intraepithelial lesions, and treatment and follow-up of detected cases.

2097168

2097169

2097170

[Therapy for XXXX according to the @entity2109 -M-04 protocol: 12-year experience].

multiple_choice

AIM: To evaluate the efficiency and @entity137 of the intensive @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) therapy protocol @entity2109 -M-04. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 70 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2109 , including 45 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 whose age was 15 to 62 years (median age 31 years), were followed up in 2003 to 2014. Stage I (according to S. Murphy) was diagnosed in 4 (5.7%) @entity1 ; II in 9 (12.9%), III in 25 (35.7%), IV in 11 (15.7%), and @entity2109 in 21 (30%). There were @entity5 involvements of the bone marrow and central nervous system in 23 (32.9%) and 15 (21.4%) @entity1 , respectively. B symptoms were detected in 56 (80%) @entity1 ; enhanced @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was found in 50 (78.1%) out of 64 @entity1 ; moreover, in 34 (56.2%) out of 64 @entity1 , LDH activity was more than twice as high as the reference values. The median LDH activity was 2398 (238-20,300) U/I. @entity810 at disease onset was identified in 17 (24.2%) @entity1 ; chemotherapy was initiated in 8 @entity1 during renal replacement therapy. The treatment was performed using the @entity2109 -M-04 R protocol (4 successive blocks of A-C-A-C R). Six blocks of A-C-A-C-A-C with rituximab has been carried out in @entity1 with bone marrow involvement since 2011. RESULTS: Sixty-two (89%) @entity1 achieved complete remission. At this time, 6 @entity1 died from therapy complications during remission induction; 2 @entity1 were observed to have disease progression; 3 developed disease recurrence (2 @entity1 had early recurrence; 1 @entity1 developed recurrence 2 years after treatment). Five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 85%; 5-year @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was 95%. The Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that @entity2109 and bone marrow involvement were independent factors that influenced @entity1349 and @entity4557 . The poor somatic status (3-4 ECOC scores versus 0-2 scores) proved to be statistically significant for @entity1349 rather than @entity4557 . CONCLUSION: Despite the optimistic results obtained by our study group, there is a need to further improve @entity2109 treatment protocols and to elaborate novel approaches to therapy particularly for older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2109 .

2097171

2097172

2097173

[Therapy for @entity2109 according to the XXXX -M-04 protocol: 12-year experience].

multiple_choice

AIM: To evaluate the efficiency and @entity137 of the intensive @entity2109 ( @entity2109 ) therapy protocol @entity2109 -M-04. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 70 @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2109 , including 45 @entity1 and 25 @entity1 whose age was 15 to 62 years (median age 31 years), were followed up in 2003 to 2014. Stage I (according to S. Murphy) was diagnosed in 4 (5.7%) @entity1 ; II in 9 (12.9%), III in 25 (35.7%), IV in 11 (15.7%), and @entity2109 in 21 (30%). There were @entity5 involvements of the bone marrow and central nervous system in 23 (32.9%) and 15 (21.4%) @entity1 , respectively. B symptoms were detected in 56 (80%) @entity1 ; enhanced @entity880 dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was found in 50 (78.1%) out of 64 @entity1 ; moreover, in 34 (56.2%) out of 64 @entity1 , LDH activity was more than twice as high as the reference values. The median LDH activity was 2398 (238-20,300) U/I. @entity810 at disease onset was identified in 17 (24.2%) @entity1 ; chemotherapy was initiated in 8 @entity1 during renal replacement therapy. The treatment was performed using the @entity2109 -M-04 R protocol (4 successive blocks of A-C-A-C R). Six blocks of A-C-A-C-A-C with rituximab has been carried out in @entity1 with bone marrow involvement since 2011. RESULTS: Sixty-two (89%) @entity1 achieved complete remission. At this time, 6 @entity1 died from therapy complications during remission induction; 2 @entity1 were observed to have disease progression; 3 developed disease recurrence (2 @entity1 had early recurrence; 1 @entity1 developed recurrence 2 years after treatment). Five-year @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) was 85%; 5-year @entity4557 ( @entity4557 ) was 95%. The Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed that @entity2109 and bone marrow involvement were independent factors that influenced @entity1349 and @entity4557 . The poor somatic status (3-4 ECOC scores versus 0-2 scores) proved to be statistically significant for @entity1349 rather than @entity4557 . CONCLUSION: Despite the optimistic results obtained by our study group, there is a need to further improve @entity2109 treatment protocols and to elaborate novel approaches to therapy particularly for older @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity2109 .

2097174

2097175

2097176

Coronary reserve in XXXX : transesophageal echocardiographic analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity453 in @entity12040 varies from 9% to 10% and is usually discovered at autopsy. Recent studies have demonstrated the value of echocardiography in noninvasive detection of significant @entity3979 . AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate coronary reserve in 15 @entity1 with @entity12040 using contrast transesophageal echocardiography (Optison). METHODS: Transesophageal echocardiogram under basal conditions and in the hyperemic phase with @entity4341 challenge, myocardial perfusion studies and coronary angiography were performed on all @entity1 . Seventy-three percent of them had histories of systemic @entity101 , and the most frequent @entity65 were @entity1353 (80%), @entity10 (46%), @entity951 (40%), and @entity1296 (33%). RESULTS: The transthoracic echocardiogram showed @entity1002 in 6% and @entity67 in 53%. @entity337 was found in 67% of the @entity1 , and 60% had mitral and/or @entity997 . Coronary reserve was diminished in 3 @entity1 with significant coronary lesions and in 2 @entity1 with @entity384 (33%). In the 3 @entity1 with obstructive lesions and diminished coronary reserve, reversible perfusion defects were found with thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography. One @entity1 with @entity384 had normal perfusion, while the other demonstrated reversible and irreversible perfusion defects. One @entity1 without coronary lesions and with normal coronary reserve had an irreversible fibrotic changes and the other reversible defects due to abnormal microcirculation. CONCLUSIONS: Transesophageal echocardiography is a feasible and promising technique for assessing coronary reserve in @entity1 with @entity12040 .

2097177

2097178

2097179

Circulating acylated and XXXX and galanin in @entity1 with @entity2690 -treated type 1 @entity6 : relationship to @entity2690 therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of two gut-derived peptides in @entity1 with type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ghrelin, both @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and the acylated form (AG), and galanin and their relationships with @entity2690 dosage, metabolic control, @entity10116 , body mass and pubertal development were evaluated in 91 @entity1 , aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, affected by @entity1723 and treated with @entity2690 . Ninety-one healthy @entity1 were selected as controls. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted levels of both forms of ghrelin were reduced in @entity1723 compared with healthy subjects, with greater values in prepubertal than pubertal @entity1723 subjects. A negative association was found between AG and fasting @entity2690 serum levels and @entity2690 resistance [measured by using the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA IR)] among the healthy @entity1 . @entity1723 @entity1 showed a negative association of their plasma ghrelin (both acylated and total) with daily @entity2690 dosage, and the three adiposity indices (BMI, skinfold thickness and percentage fat mass). @entity10116 levels were higher among the @entity1723 @entity1 without any association with ghrelin serum values. BMI-adjusted plasma levels of galanin were higher among @entity1723 compared to healthy subjects, irrespective of sex or pubertal development. Greater values for galanin were found among pubertal than prepubertal subjects in both groups without any significant differences between the genders. A positive association was found between galanin and BMI in both groups and between galanin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among the @entity1723 @entity1 . No relationship existed between either galanin and fasting serum @entity2690 among the healthy subjects or galanin and both @entity2690 dosage or duration of treatment among the @entity1723 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found between both ghrelin and galanin with adiposity indices could be considered as an indirect signal of involvement of the two peptides in the development of the nutritional status of the @entity1723 adolescents. The reduction in both forms of ghrelin could be involved in the development of the body mass increase of @entity1723 subjects with opposite effects, either influencing @entity2690 sensitivity or exerting a compensatory restraint of feeding.

2097180

2097181

2097182

Circulating acylated and @entity348 and galanin in @entity1 with @entity2690 -treated type 1 XXXX : relationship to @entity2690 therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of two gut-derived peptides in @entity1 with type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ghrelin, both @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and the acylated form (AG), and galanin and their relationships with @entity2690 dosage, metabolic control, @entity10116 , body mass and pubertal development were evaluated in 91 @entity1 , aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, affected by @entity1723 and treated with @entity2690 . Ninety-one healthy @entity1 were selected as controls. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted levels of both forms of ghrelin were reduced in @entity1723 compared with healthy subjects, with greater values in prepubertal than pubertal @entity1723 subjects. A negative association was found between AG and fasting @entity2690 serum levels and @entity2690 resistance [measured by using the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA IR)] among the healthy @entity1 . @entity1723 @entity1 showed a negative association of their plasma ghrelin (both acylated and total) with daily @entity2690 dosage, and the three adiposity indices (BMI, skinfold thickness and percentage fat mass). @entity10116 levels were higher among the @entity1723 @entity1 without any association with ghrelin serum values. BMI-adjusted plasma levels of galanin were higher among @entity1723 compared to healthy subjects, irrespective of sex or pubertal development. Greater values for galanin were found among pubertal than prepubertal subjects in both groups without any significant differences between the genders. A positive association was found between galanin and BMI in both groups and between galanin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among the @entity1723 @entity1 . No relationship existed between either galanin and fasting serum @entity2690 among the healthy subjects or galanin and both @entity2690 dosage or duration of treatment among the @entity1723 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found between both ghrelin and galanin with adiposity indices could be considered as an indirect signal of involvement of the two peptides in the development of the nutritional status of the @entity1723 adolescents. The reduction in both forms of ghrelin could be involved in the development of the body mass increase of @entity1723 subjects with opposite effects, either influencing @entity2690 sensitivity or exerting a compensatory restraint of feeding.

2097183

2097184

2097185

Circulating acylated and @entity348 and galanin in @entity1 with XXXX -treated type 1 @entity6 : relationship to @entity2690 therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of two gut-derived peptides in @entity1 with type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ghrelin, both @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and the acylated form (AG), and galanin and their relationships with @entity2690 dosage, metabolic control, @entity10116 , body mass and pubertal development were evaluated in 91 @entity1 , aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, affected by @entity1723 and treated with @entity2690 . Ninety-one healthy @entity1 were selected as controls. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted levels of both forms of ghrelin were reduced in @entity1723 compared with healthy subjects, with greater values in prepubertal than pubertal @entity1723 subjects. A negative association was found between AG and fasting @entity2690 serum levels and @entity2690 resistance [measured by using the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA IR)] among the healthy @entity1 . @entity1723 @entity1 showed a negative association of their plasma ghrelin (both acylated and total) with daily @entity2690 dosage, and the three adiposity indices (BMI, skinfold thickness and percentage fat mass). @entity10116 levels were higher among the @entity1723 @entity1 without any association with ghrelin serum values. BMI-adjusted plasma levels of galanin were higher among @entity1723 compared to healthy subjects, irrespective of sex or pubertal development. Greater values for galanin were found among pubertal than prepubertal subjects in both groups without any significant differences between the genders. A positive association was found between galanin and BMI in both groups and between galanin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among the @entity1723 @entity1 . No relationship existed between either galanin and fasting serum @entity2690 among the healthy subjects or galanin and both @entity2690 dosage or duration of treatment among the @entity1723 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found between both ghrelin and galanin with adiposity indices could be considered as an indirect signal of involvement of the two peptides in the development of the nutritional status of the @entity1723 adolescents. The reduction in both forms of ghrelin could be involved in the development of the body mass increase of @entity1723 subjects with opposite effects, either influencing @entity2690 sensitivity or exerting a compensatory restraint of feeding.

2097186

2097187

2097188

Circulating acylated and @entity348 and galanin in @entity1 with @entity2690 -treated type 1 @entity6 : relationship to XXXX therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of two gut-derived peptides in @entity1 with type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ghrelin, both @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and the acylated form (AG), and galanin and their relationships with @entity2690 dosage, metabolic control, @entity10116 , body mass and pubertal development were evaluated in 91 @entity1 , aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, affected by @entity1723 and treated with @entity2690 . Ninety-one healthy @entity1 were selected as controls. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted levels of both forms of ghrelin were reduced in @entity1723 compared with healthy subjects, with greater values in prepubertal than pubertal @entity1723 subjects. A negative association was found between AG and fasting @entity2690 serum levels and @entity2690 resistance [measured by using the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA IR)] among the healthy @entity1 . @entity1723 @entity1 showed a negative association of their plasma ghrelin (both acylated and total) with daily @entity2690 dosage, and the three adiposity indices (BMI, skinfold thickness and percentage fat mass). @entity10116 levels were higher among the @entity1723 @entity1 without any association with ghrelin serum values. BMI-adjusted plasma levels of galanin were higher among @entity1723 compared to healthy subjects, irrespective of sex or pubertal development. Greater values for galanin were found among pubertal than prepubertal subjects in both groups without any significant differences between the genders. A positive association was found between galanin and BMI in both groups and between galanin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among the @entity1723 @entity1 . No relationship existed between either galanin and fasting serum @entity2690 among the healthy subjects or galanin and both @entity2690 dosage or duration of treatment among the @entity1723 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found between both ghrelin and galanin with adiposity indices could be considered as an indirect signal of involvement of the two peptides in the development of the nutritional status of the @entity1723 adolescents. The reduction in both forms of ghrelin could be involved in the development of the body mass increase of @entity1723 subjects with opposite effects, either influencing @entity2690 sensitivity or exerting a compensatory restraint of feeding.

2097189

2097190

2097191

Circulating acylated and @entity348 and galanin in XXXX with @entity2690 -treated type 1 @entity6 : relationship to @entity2690 therapy, metabolic control and pubertal development.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To study the circulating levels of two gut-derived peptides in @entity1 with type 1 ( @entity2690 -dependent) @entity6 mellitus ( @entity1723 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Plasma levels of ghrelin, both @entity348 ( @entity348 ) and the acylated form (AG), and galanin and their relationships with @entity2690 dosage, metabolic control, @entity10116 , body mass and pubertal development were evaluated in 91 @entity1 , aged 11.1 +/- 2.7 years, affected by @entity1723 and treated with @entity2690 . Ninety-one healthy @entity1 were selected as controls. RESULTS: Body mass index (BMI)-adjusted levels of both forms of ghrelin were reduced in @entity1723 compared with healthy subjects, with greater values in prepubertal than pubertal @entity1723 subjects. A negative association was found between AG and fasting @entity2690 serum levels and @entity2690 resistance [measured by using the homeostasis model assessment of @entity2690 resistance (HOMA IR)] among the healthy @entity1 . @entity1723 @entity1 showed a negative association of their plasma ghrelin (both acylated and total) with daily @entity2690 dosage, and the three adiposity indices (BMI, skinfold thickness and percentage fat mass). @entity10116 levels were higher among the @entity1723 @entity1 without any association with ghrelin serum values. BMI-adjusted plasma levels of galanin were higher among @entity1723 compared to healthy subjects, irrespective of sex or pubertal development. Greater values for galanin were found among pubertal than prepubertal subjects in both groups without any significant differences between the genders. A positive association was found between galanin and BMI in both groups and between galanin and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) among the @entity1723 @entity1 . No relationship existed between either galanin and fasting serum @entity2690 among the healthy subjects or galanin and both @entity2690 dosage or duration of treatment among the @entity1723 subjects. CONCLUSIONS: The associations found between both ghrelin and galanin with adiposity indices could be considered as an indirect signal of involvement of the two peptides in the development of the nutritional status of the @entity1723 adolescents. The reduction in both forms of ghrelin could be involved in the development of the body mass increase of @entity1723 subjects with opposite effects, either influencing @entity2690 sensitivity or exerting a compensatory restraint of feeding.

2097192

2097193

2097194

Relation of anti- XXXX autoantibody titre and T-lymphocyte cytokine production patterns in @entity2621 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Cytokines produced by cytotoxic T cells or autoantibodies lead to thyroid cell damage and/or cell death in @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). Anti- @entity5787 autoantibodies (TPOAb) are the most frequently represented autoantibodies in the sera of @entity1 with @entity2621 . Data describing the quantitative correlation between TPOAb titre and cytokine pattern are missing so far. To our knowledge this is the first study systematically evaluating the correlation of possible parameters of disease activity such as changes in @entity404 and @entity405 T-cell cytokine production and of TPOAb titre. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 (aged 29-58) with verified @entity2621 under levothyroxine therapy were included in the present study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I: 12 @entity2621 @entity1 with a high TPOAb titre (> 1000 U/ml), group II: 12 @entity2621 @entity1 with a low TPOAb titre (< 100 U/ml). All @entity1 underwent intracellular cytokine detection in @entity404 and @entity405 T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by flow cytometry. Twelve healthy volunteers matched in sex and age consisted the control group (group III). RESULTS: T cells from @entity1 with a high TPOAb titre (group I) had significantly higher percentages of cells producing @entity379 compared to healthy donors (group III). A detailed analysis of cytokine production patterns revealed that this was accompanied by an increased frequency of single @entity379 positive cells, i.e. cells not expressing other cytokines tested, such as @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity4047 or @entity4909 . Similarly, @entity1 in group I also showed higher percentages of @entity310 positive cells than healthy donors (group III). In this case, cells expressing @entity310 alone as well as cells coexpressing @entity310 and @entity379 were found at significantly higher frequencies. On the other hand, cytokine production patterns of @entity1 with a low TPOAb titre (group II) showed significant difference neither to @entity1 of group I nor to healthy donors (group III). CONCLUSION: Taken together, we were able for the first time to demonstrate that high TPOAb titre correlates with increased frequencies of T cells producing Th/ @entity33356 cytokines, probably responsible for @entity66 in @entity2621 .

2097195

2097196

2097197

Relation of anti- @entity5787 autoantibody titre and T-lymphocyte cytokine production patterns in XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Cytokines produced by cytotoxic T cells or autoantibodies lead to thyroid cell damage and/or cell death in @entity2621 ( @entity2621 ). Anti- @entity5787 autoantibodies (TPOAb) are the most frequently represented autoantibodies in the sera of @entity1 with @entity2621 . Data describing the quantitative correlation between TPOAb titre and cytokine pattern are missing so far. To our knowledge this is the first study systematically evaluating the correlation of possible parameters of disease activity such as changes in @entity404 and @entity405 T-cell cytokine production and of TPOAb titre. METHODS: Twenty-four consecutive @entity1 (aged 29-58) with verified @entity2621 under levothyroxine therapy were included in the present study. The @entity1 were divided into two groups. Group I: 12 @entity2621 @entity1 with a high TPOAb titre (> 1000 U/ml), group II: 12 @entity2621 @entity1 with a low TPOAb titre (< 100 U/ml). All @entity1 underwent intracellular cytokine detection in @entity404 and @entity405 T cells of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by flow cytometry. Twelve healthy volunteers matched in sex and age consisted the control group (group III). RESULTS: T cells from @entity1 with a high TPOAb titre (group I) had significantly higher percentages of cells producing @entity379 compared to healthy donors (group III). A detailed analysis of cytokine production patterns revealed that this was accompanied by an increased frequency of single @entity379 positive cells, i.e. cells not expressing other cytokines tested, such as @entity1199 , @entity3646 , @entity225 , @entity650 , @entity688 , @entity4047 or @entity4909 . Similarly, @entity1 in group I also showed higher percentages of @entity310 positive cells than healthy donors (group III). In this case, cells expressing @entity310 alone as well as cells coexpressing @entity310 and @entity379 were found at significantly higher frequencies. On the other hand, cytokine production patterns of @entity1 with a low TPOAb titre (group II) showed significant difference neither to @entity1 of group I nor to healthy donors (group III). CONCLUSION: Taken together, we were able for the first time to demonstrate that high TPOAb titre correlates with increased frequencies of T cells producing Th/ @entity33356 cytokines, probably responsible for @entity66 in @entity2621 .

2097198

2097199

2097200

Recombinant @entity1 XXXX protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity1949 is a likely contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 ( @entity4093 ) protects cells against limited nutrition by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which @entity4093 affects IVD cells. Therefore, we conducted an in vitro study using @entity1 IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. METHODS: Thirty-two IVD specimens were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention and were categorized based on Pfirrmann IVD degeneration grades. Cells were isolated from the NP and cultured in the presence of recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 (rhSIRT1) under different serum conditions, including 10 % (v/v) @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as normal nutrition (N) and 1 % (v/v) @entity2241 as @entity258 ( @entity258 ). @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) was used to inhibit autophagy. Autophagic activity was assessed by measuring the absorbance of @entity3764 and immunostaining and Western blotting for light chain 3 and @entity16402 / @entity16402 . Apoptosis and pathway analyses were performed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Cells cultured under @entity258 conditions decreased in number and exhibited enhanced autophagy compared with the N condition. Medium supplementation with rhSIRT1 inhibited this decrease in cell number and induced an additional increase in autophagic activity (P < 0.05), whereas the combined use of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 resulted in drastic decreases in cell number and autophagy (P < 0.05). The incidence of apoptotic cell death increased under the @entity258 , which was decreased by rhSIRT1 (P < 0.05) but increased further by a combination of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 (P < 0.05). Under @entity258 conditions, NP cells showed a decrease in antiapoptotic @entity588 and an increase in proapoptotic @entity589 , cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved @entity8187 , indicating apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway. These changes were suppressed by rhSIRT1 but elevated further by rhSIRT1 with @entity8836 , suggesting an effect of rhSIRT1-induced autophagy on apoptosis inhibition. Furthermore, the observed autophagy and apoptosis were more remarkable in cells from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade IV than in those from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 IVD NP cells, suggesting that rhSIRT1 may be a potent treatment agent for @entity1 @entity1797 .

2097201

2097202

2097203

Recombinant XXXX @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity1949 is a likely contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 ( @entity4093 ) protects cells against limited nutrition by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which @entity4093 affects IVD cells. Therefore, we conducted an in vitro study using @entity1 IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. METHODS: Thirty-two IVD specimens were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention and were categorized based on Pfirrmann IVD degeneration grades. Cells were isolated from the NP and cultured in the presence of recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 (rhSIRT1) under different serum conditions, including 10 % (v/v) @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as normal nutrition (N) and 1 % (v/v) @entity2241 as @entity258 ( @entity258 ). @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) was used to inhibit autophagy. Autophagic activity was assessed by measuring the absorbance of @entity3764 and immunostaining and Western blotting for light chain 3 and @entity16402 / @entity16402 . Apoptosis and pathway analyses were performed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Cells cultured under @entity258 conditions decreased in number and exhibited enhanced autophagy compared with the N condition. Medium supplementation with rhSIRT1 inhibited this decrease in cell number and induced an additional increase in autophagic activity (P < 0.05), whereas the combined use of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 resulted in drastic decreases in cell number and autophagy (P < 0.05). The incidence of apoptotic cell death increased under the @entity258 , which was decreased by rhSIRT1 (P < 0.05) but increased further by a combination of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 (P < 0.05). Under @entity258 conditions, NP cells showed a decrease in antiapoptotic @entity588 and an increase in proapoptotic @entity589 , cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved @entity8187 , indicating apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway. These changes were suppressed by rhSIRT1 but elevated further by rhSIRT1 with @entity8836 , suggesting an effect of rhSIRT1-induced autophagy on apoptosis inhibition. Furthermore, the observed autophagy and apoptosis were more remarkable in cells from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade IV than in those from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 IVD NP cells, suggesting that rhSIRT1 may be a potent treatment agent for @entity1 @entity1797 .

2097204

2097205

2097206

Recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in XXXX intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity1949 is a likely contributor to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Silent mating type information regulator 2 homolog 1 ( @entity4093 ) protects cells against limited nutrition by modulation of apoptosis and autophagy. However, little evidence exists regarding the extent to which @entity4093 affects IVD cells. Therefore, we conducted an in vitro study using @entity1 IVD nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. METHODS: Thirty-two IVD specimens were obtained from @entity1 who underwent surgical intervention and were categorized based on Pfirrmann IVD degeneration grades. Cells were isolated from the NP and cultured in the presence of recombinant @entity1 @entity4093 (rhSIRT1) under different serum conditions, including 10 % (v/v) @entity2241 ( @entity2241 ) as normal nutrition (N) and 1 % (v/v) @entity2241 as @entity258 ( @entity258 ). @entity2456 ( @entity8836 ) was used to inhibit autophagy. Autophagic activity was assessed by measuring the absorbance of @entity3764 and immunostaining and Western blotting for light chain 3 and @entity16402 / @entity16402 . Apoptosis and pathway analyses were performed by flow cytometry and Western blotting. RESULTS: Cells cultured under @entity258 conditions decreased in number and exhibited enhanced autophagy compared with the N condition. Medium supplementation with rhSIRT1 inhibited this decrease in cell number and induced an additional increase in autophagic activity (P < 0.05), whereas the combined use of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 resulted in drastic decreases in cell number and autophagy (P < 0.05). The incidence of apoptotic cell death increased under the @entity258 , which was decreased by rhSIRT1 (P < 0.05) but increased further by a combination of rhSIRT1 and @entity8836 (P < 0.05). Under @entity258 conditions, NP cells showed a decrease in antiapoptotic @entity588 and an increase in proapoptotic @entity589 , cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved @entity8187 , indicating apoptosis induction via the mitochondrial pathway. These changes were suppressed by rhSIRT1 but elevated further by rhSIRT1 with @entity8836 , suggesting an effect of rhSIRT1-induced autophagy on apoptosis inhibition. Furthermore, the observed autophagy and apoptosis were more remarkable in cells from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade IV than in those from IVDs of Pfirrmann grade II. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4093 protects against nutrient deprivation-induced mitochondrial apoptosis through autophagy induction in @entity1 IVD NP cells, suggesting that rhSIRT1 may be a potent treatment agent for @entity1 @entity1797 .

2097207

2097208

2097209

Does a XXXX -coated @entity691 Press-fit Cup Give Reliable Midterm Results?

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Uncemented acetabular components have demonstrated low revision rates and high @entity1 satisfaction but with concerns regarding increased costs compared with monoblock @entity21221 . Some newer lower-cost uncemented monoblock options have become available in the last decade, but limited data are available on their performance. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Does an uncemented, @entity702 -backed all- @entity691 acetabular cup provide reliable fixation? (2) What is the frequency and what are the causes for revision with this cup? METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, we elected to use an uncemented, @entity702 -backed all- @entity691 acetabular cup in older @entity1 with limited physical demands. We performed 615 hip replacements in 550 @entity1 with greater than 5 years of clinical and radiographic followup. When @entity1 who were dead (80 hips in 75 @entity1 ), lost to followup (98 hips in 93 @entity1 ), or revised (three hips in three @entity1 ) were excluded, there were 434 hips in 379 @entity1 for comparison of the postoperative and 5-year radiographs. Two observers not involved in the index surgical procedures (NH, @entity8682 ) assessed radiographs for signs of @entity4222 or loosening. Some degree of early movement sometimes is seen before cup stabilization; however, to be conservative, we defined @entity21221 with greater than 3 of change of position (even if they subsequently stabilized) as potentially at risk and report them separately. Revision surgery, time from the index procedure, and the reason for revision were recorded from the New Zealand Joint Registry. RESULTS: By 5 years there was a median change in inclination of 2 (range, 0 -13 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.4; p < 0.001) and 2 of anteversion (range, 0 -11 ; 95% CI, 2.0-2.4; p < 0.001). Although at last followup all @entity21221 appeared to have stabilized with no radiolucent lines or medial @entity4222 , 22% of the @entity21221 (94 of 434) had moved more than 3 and so were deemed to be potentially at risk. There were 11 revision procedures (of 429 hips; 2.5%) of which six were for recurrent dislocation, four for @entity3330 , and one for femoral loosening to give an overall all-cause revision rate for all components of 0.25 per 100 component years (95% CI, 0.13-0.43). No revisions were performed for acetabular loosening. CONCLUSIONS: The short- to medium-term results of this all- @entity691 monoblock cup demonstrated a low frequency of revision. However, 94 @entity21221 were identified as potentially at risk based on movement of > 3 before apparent stabilization. Although those @entity1 seem to be doing well enough now, the current duration of followup may not be sufficient to know that these @entity21221 will be durable, because other ongrowth designs have demonstrated a high frequency of late failure after apparent early success. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

2097210

2097211

2097212

Does a @entity702 -coated XXXX Press-fit Cup Give Reliable Midterm Results?

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Uncemented acetabular components have demonstrated low revision rates and high @entity1 satisfaction but with concerns regarding increased costs compared with monoblock @entity21221 . Some newer lower-cost uncemented monoblock options have become available in the last decade, but limited data are available on their performance. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: (1) Does an uncemented, @entity702 -backed all- @entity691 acetabular cup provide reliable fixation? (2) What is the frequency and what are the causes for revision with this cup? METHODS: Between 2004 and 2008, we elected to use an uncemented, @entity702 -backed all- @entity691 acetabular cup in older @entity1 with limited physical demands. We performed 615 hip replacements in 550 @entity1 with greater than 5 years of clinical and radiographic followup. When @entity1 who were dead (80 hips in 75 @entity1 ), lost to followup (98 hips in 93 @entity1 ), or revised (three hips in three @entity1 ) were excluded, there were 434 hips in 379 @entity1 for comparison of the postoperative and 5-year radiographs. Two observers not involved in the index surgical procedures (NH, @entity8682 ) assessed radiographs for signs of @entity4222 or loosening. Some degree of early movement sometimes is seen before cup stabilization; however, to be conservative, we defined @entity21221 with greater than 3 of change of position (even if they subsequently stabilized) as potentially at risk and report them separately. Revision surgery, time from the index procedure, and the reason for revision were recorded from the New Zealand Joint Registry. RESULTS: By 5 years there was a median change in inclination of 2 (range, 0 -13 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.4; p < 0.001) and 2 of anteversion (range, 0 -11 ; 95% CI, 2.0-2.4; p < 0.001). Although at last followup all @entity21221 appeared to have stabilized with no radiolucent lines or medial @entity4222 , 22% of the @entity21221 (94 of 434) had moved more than 3 and so were deemed to be potentially at risk. There were 11 revision procedures (of 429 hips; 2.5%) of which six were for recurrent dislocation, four for @entity3330 , and one for femoral loosening to give an overall all-cause revision rate for all components of 0.25 per 100 component years (95% CI, 0.13-0.43). No revisions were performed for acetabular loosening. CONCLUSIONS: The short- to medium-term results of this all- @entity691 monoblock cup demonstrated a low frequency of revision. However, 94 @entity21221 were identified as potentially at risk based on movement of > 3 before apparent stabilization. Although those @entity1 seem to be doing well enough now, the current duration of followup may not be sufficient to know that these @entity21221 will be durable, because other ongrowth designs have demonstrated a high frequency of late failure after apparent early success. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.

2097213

2097214

2097215

XXXX : Out-of-Hospital Evaluation and Management.

multiple_choice

Identifying @entity1187 ( @entity1187 ) in family medicine settings can be challenging, partly because it is uncommon in office practice and partly because symptoms can be atypical. Initial evaluation includes review of the @entity1 's symptoms, an assessment of risk factors, and an electrocardiogram (ECG). When symptoms are typical, such as @entity662 and diaphoresis, @entity1 should be transported rapidly by emergency medical services (EMS) to the nearest emergency department. If not contraindicated, @entity117 and @entity1242 should be administered before transport. @entity26 should be administered if @entity519 is present. @entity1 with atypical symptoms and ECG results consistent with @entity1187 also should be transported by EMS. When @entity1 have atypical symptoms and nondiagnostic ECG results, consider risk factors for @entity1187 . These include older age; female sex; nonwhite race; and history of @entity712 , @entity64 , @entity6 , or @entity101 . If any of these risk factors is present and there is concern about @entity1187 , the @entity1 should be transported to an emergency department. Family practices in remote or rural areas are not always able to easily transport @entity1 to emergency departments. These remote or rural practices should have ECG capabilities and consider acquiring the ability to obtain point-of-care troponin assays.

2097216

2097217

2097218

Lactic acid bacterium and XXXX microbiotas of sixteen French traditional sourdoughs.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Sixteen sourdoughs (FS1-FS16) used for the manufacture of traditional French breads were characterized by strongly acid conditions (median value of pH3.5). The concentration of free @entity1522 (FAA) was highly variable, due to different proteolytic activity of flour used for back slopping and of dominant microorganisms. Median value of cell density of @entity880 bacteria (LAB) was 9.2logCFU/g. The ratio between LAB and @entity375 ranged from 10,000:1 to 10:1. According to the culture-dependent method and 16S metagenetics, @entity18326 was the dominant species in French sourdoughs. FS5 and FS15, propagated according to protocols including one back slopping step at 14 C, were the only exceptions. High positive correlations were found between @entity18326 , temperature of back slopping and FAA. The results of this study highlighted the broad adaptability of @entity18326 to very acid sourdough. Besides species frequently encountered (e.g., @entity18326 parabrevis/ @entity18326 hammesii, @entity1336 and @entity14921 ), first @entity18326 xiangfangensis (FS5) and @entity18326 diolivorans (FS15) were found in sourdough. As determined by RAPD-PCR analyses, the sourdough samples showed a different number of strains, ranging from 5 (FS9, FS11 and FS15) to 12 (FS1 and FS13), meaning a highly variable bacterial diversity. Cluster analysis showed that different sourdoughs, especially when propagated in the same bakery, may harbor similar strains. Except for @entity1336 (FS5) and Ln. mesenteroides (FS3), all the dominant species were detected by both 16S metagenetics and culture-dependent method. @entity375 diversity was lower than LAB. Except for FS4 (solely dominated by @entity68000 ), @entity375 microbiota of French sourdoughs was dominated by @entity375 . Strains isolated in this study could be a useful base for developing new basic researches on physiology, metabolism, and intraspecific diversity of @entity18326 , as well as for standardizing the quality of traditional French breads.

2097219

2097220

2097221

Preoperative low serum XXXX is associated with high-grade @entity263 and an increased Gleason score upgrading.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: To compare histological feature of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) according androgenic status in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, we prospectively analysed 937 @entity1 who were referred to our centre for RP. Clinical, pathological and biological data have been prospectively collected. Preoperative total @entity251 (TT) and bioavailable @entity251 (BT) serum determinations were carried out. The threshold for low serum @entity251 was set at TT<3 ng/ml. Preoperative PSA value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern were determined in prostate biopsies and in prostate tissue specimens, crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty-seven consecutive @entity1 were included. In all, 14.9% @entity1 had low TT in the population. An exact match between biopsy and prostate specimens in GS grading was observed for 50.6% @entity1 (n=474). Also, 40.9% of all @entity1 were upgraded (n=383): 45.3% (n=63) in low serum @entity251 @entity1 and 40.1% (n=320) in normal serum @entity251 @entity1 . For prostate specimens, the proportion of @entity1 with predominant Gleason pattern 4 was higher in @entity1 with low TT compared with normal TT (41.7% vs 29.1%, P=0.0029). In all, 20.1% were upgraded from predominant Gleason pattern 3 on biopsies specimen to predominant Gleason 4 pattern on the prostate specimen in @entity1 with low TT, whereas 11.6% were upgraded for normal TT @entity1 (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum @entity251 is an independent risk factor for predominant Gleason pattern 4 on prostate specimen after RP and for upgrading from low- to high-grade @entity5 between prostate needle biopsies and RP specimen. This observation should be taken into account in localised @entity263 management, especially for active surveillance or when a nerve-sparing approach is considered. @entity263 and @entity4623 advance online publication, 6 October 2015; doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.44.

2097222

2097223

2097224

Preoperative low serum @entity251 is associated with high-grade XXXX and an increased Gleason score upgrading.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: To compare histological feature of @entity263 ( @entity263 ) according androgenic status in @entity1 who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: Between March 2007 and September 2013, we prospectively analysed 937 @entity1 who were referred to our centre for RP. Clinical, pathological and biological data have been prospectively collected. Preoperative total @entity251 (TT) and bioavailable @entity251 (BT) serum determinations were carried out. The threshold for low serum @entity251 was set at TT<3 ng/ml. Preoperative PSA value was registered. Gleason score (GS) and predominant Gleason pattern were determined in prostate biopsies and in prostate tissue specimens, crosschecked by two uro-pathologists. RESULTS: Nine hundred and thirty-seven consecutive @entity1 were included. In all, 14.9% @entity1 had low TT in the population. An exact match between biopsy and prostate specimens in GS grading was observed for 50.6% @entity1 (n=474). Also, 40.9% of all @entity1 were upgraded (n=383): 45.3% (n=63) in low serum @entity251 @entity1 and 40.1% (n=320) in normal serum @entity251 @entity1 . For prostate specimens, the proportion of @entity1 with predominant Gleason pattern 4 was higher in @entity1 with low TT compared with normal TT (41.7% vs 29.1%, P=0.0029). In all, 20.1% were upgraded from predominant Gleason pattern 3 on biopsies specimen to predominant Gleason 4 pattern on the prostate specimen in @entity1 with low TT, whereas 11.6% were upgraded for normal TT @entity1 (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Low serum @entity251 is an independent risk factor for predominant Gleason pattern 4 on prostate specimen after RP and for upgrading from low- to high-grade @entity5 between prostate needle biopsies and RP specimen. This observation should be taken into account in localised @entity263 management, especially for active surveillance or when a nerve-sparing approach is considered. @entity263 and @entity4623 advance online publication, 6 October 2015; doi:10.1038/pcan.2015.44.

2097225

2097226

2097227

[Indirect XXXX carrier detection in two Chilean families by analysis of DNA polymorphisms closely linked to the @entity5174 gene].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Molecular genetic analysis is the only method that allows accurate detection of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) carriers. Nevertheless, its application is restricted to those families in which the affected @entity1 holds known mutations. Since most Chilean @entity1577 @entity1 already studied are heterozygous and carry a mutation not yet characterized, direct identification of carriers is limited. Linkage analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), using DNA markers closely linked to the @entity5174 gene, is a useful tool for the detection of carriers in families in which the @entity1 carries an unknown mutation. AIM: To emphasize the usefulness of KM19 and MetH markers for RFLP analysis in extended genealogies in order to identify carriers of unknown mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Selection of three families, in which a sibling of an index case, identified as EthF-508/unknown mutation, could not be identified as heterozygous carrier or a normal homozygous. Haplotypic characterization for KM19 and MetH markers was performed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA followed by allele specific restriction enzymatic digestion. RESULTS: The siblings of two families were identified as carriers and the sibling of the third family was identified as normal. CONCLUSIONS: KM19 and MetH haplotypic analysis provided a rapid method for carrier detection in the families under study. The analysis may be used as a supplement to direct genetic diagnosis and be helpful in genetic counseling.

2097228

2097229

2097230

[Indirect @entity1577 carrier detection in two Chilean families by analysis of DNA polymorphisms closely linked to the XXXX gene].

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Molecular genetic analysis is the only method that allows accurate detection of @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) carriers. Nevertheless, its application is restricted to those families in which the affected @entity1 holds known mutations. Since most Chilean @entity1577 @entity1 already studied are heterozygous and carry a mutation not yet characterized, direct identification of carriers is limited. Linkage analysis of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP), using DNA markers closely linked to the @entity5174 gene, is a useful tool for the detection of carriers in families in which the @entity1 carries an unknown mutation. AIM: To emphasize the usefulness of KM19 and MetH markers for RFLP analysis in extended genealogies in order to identify carriers of unknown mutations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Selection of three families, in which a sibling of an index case, identified as EthF-508/unknown mutation, could not be identified as heterozygous carrier or a normal homozygous. Haplotypic characterization for KM19 and MetH markers was performed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA followed by allele specific restriction enzymatic digestion. RESULTS: The siblings of two families were identified as carriers and the sibling of the third family was identified as normal. CONCLUSIONS: KM19 and MetH haplotypic analysis provided a rapid method for carrier detection in the families under study. The analysis may be used as a supplement to direct genetic diagnosis and be helpful in genetic counseling.

2097231

2097232

2097233

The role of body surfaces and ventilation in gas exchange of the abalone, XXXX .

multiple_choice

The archaeogastropod @entity1539 possesses paired bipectinate gills and normally four to six shell holes. In still water, endogenous water flow entered the branchial chamber anteriorly to the left of the head and was exhaled primarily from the three most posterior holes. The first or second anterior aperture was occasionally weakly inhalant. Cardiac interaction superimposed an oscillatory component upon ciliary ventilation but did not augment mean flow. At normal endogenous flow rates 49% of @entity26 was extracted from the branchial flow, increasing to 71% at lower flows. In still water, normoxic @entity16145 was 0.47 micromol g(-1) h(-1). Oxyregulation occurred down to @entity4095 approximately 80 Torr, with partial oxyregulation down to 45 Torr (P (crit)), and oxyconformity below this. The oxyregulatory plateau was absent in artificially ventilated animals but normoxic @entity16145 was higher (0.65 micromol g(-1) h(-1)). Endogenous ventilation was unaffected by @entity519 to 15 Torr. Heart rate decreased by approximately 20% at 26 Torr before falling more steeply. @entity26 uptake from the branchial ventilation stream fully accounted for normoxic @entity16145 . In @entity519 (<30 Torr), no uptake occurred from the head or foot despite extensive eversion of the epipodium. Blood @entity26 measurements excluded the right mantle as a significant gas exchange organ. Changes in @entity26 uptake caused by changes in the velocity of external water currents support the concept of induced ventilation and suggest that in still water aerobic respiration was ventilation-limited. Although ciliary ventilation appears adequate to support resting aerobic metabolism, induced ventilation may provide increased aerobic scope for activity and repayment of @entity26 debt.

2097234

2097235

2097236

Assessing adaptive immune response phenotypes in Australian XXXX in a pasture-based production system.

multiple_choice

The objective of this study was to determine the repeatability of ranking @entity22468 reared in an Australian pasture-based production system for immune responses (IR) when ranking was based on secondary versus tertiary IR. Further objectives were to investigate associations between IR and stress responsiveness, ADG and resistance to internal parasites. A total of 100 heifers were IR phenotyped at 5 to 6 mo of age and again at 12 to 13 mo of age using commercial vaccine antigens to induce measurable IR. Antibody production to @entity116 toxoid (TT) was used to assess antibody-mediated IR (AMIR), and @entity56 reactions to vaccine antigens were used to assess cell-mediated IR ( @entity68001 ). Changes in serum @entity701 and haptoglobin were used to assess stress responsiveness and fecal egg counts used as a measure of resistance to internal parasites. Based on testing, animals were categorized as either average to above-average (High) or low responders for IR. Secondary and tertiary AMIR were well correlated ( = 0.651, adjusted = 0.418, < 0.0001), whereas correlations between secondary and tertiary @entity68001 were poor ( = 0.078, = -0.004, = 0.450). A Cohen kappa (k) test of agreement was used to test the consistency of ranking of individual animal for IR and, therefore, the ability to consistently identify low immune responder animals within the herd across test periods. The consistency of ranking (High versus low) was moderately high for AMIR (k = 0.445), poor for @entity68001 (k = -0.055), and fair to moderate for combined IR (k = 0.395). High AMIR phenotype animals had significantly higher serum @entity701 concentrations than their low immune responder counterparts ( = 0.045). A similar relationship was observed in heifers categorized for @entity68001 , with High @entity68001 responders having higher serum @entity701 concentrations than their low responder counterparts ( = 0.008). High AMIR @entity291 had a higher ADG compared with low AMIR @entity291 (0.72 0.02 versus 0.66 0.06 kg/d; = 0.009). Serum haptoglobin concentrations and worm egg counts were very low and could not be used to investigate associations with immune responsiveness. It is concluded that secondary and tertiary antibody responses to TT were well correlated in the @entity22468 in this study and that by using the testing procedure described here, low antibody responders were able to be consistently identified in the herd.

2097237

2097238

2097239

The duodenal mucosal XXXX secretion.

multiple_choice

The duodenal lumen is exposed to aggressive factors with a high potential to cause @entity16 . @entity3157 secretion by the duodenal mucosa is accepted as the primary important defense mechanism against the @entity5836 intermittently expelled from the stomach. The present work concerns both the influence of the central nervous system and the effects of the hormone @entity2493 on duodenal @entity3157 secretion in anesthetized @entity35 in vivo as well as effects of @entity2493 on intracellular @entity460 signaling by duodenal enterocyte in vitro examined in tissues of both @entity1 and @entity35 origin. The main findings were as follows: @entity2493 is a potent stimulant of duodenal mucosal @entity3157 secretion and also seems to be involved in the acid-induced stimulation of the secretion. Stimulation elicited in the central nervous system by the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist @entity2647 induced release of @entity2493 from the intestinal mucosa and a four-fold increase in alkaline secretion. The @entity2493 antagonist @entity23458 abolished the duodenal secretory response to administered @entity2493 and to central nervous @entity2647 but did not influence the release of intestinal @entity2493 . Central nervous stimulation was also abolished by synchronous ligation of the vagal trunks and the sympathetic chains at the sub-laryngeal level. @entity2493 induced release of @entity460 from intracellular stores and also influx of extracellular @entity460 in isolated duodenal enterocytes. Enterocytes in clusters functioned as a syncytium. Overnight fasting rapidly and profoundly down-regulated the responses to the duodenal secretagogue @entity22658 and the muscarinic agonist @entity10257 but not those to @entity2493 or vasoactive intestinal polypeptide.

2097240

2097241

2097242

Prevalence of XXXX in hospitalised @entity1 : effects of "correction" for serum albumin values.

multiple_choice

@entity2741 is ideally detected by the measurement of serum ionised @entity460 . Because this is not widely available, in common clinical practice "albumin-corrected" @entity460 values are often utilized. Our study investigated whether the method used to measure serum albumin concentration may significantly interfere in the derived serum @entity460 values and, consequently, in the identification of hypercalcemic @entity1 . In 170 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Department of Internal Medicine we measured serum total @entity460 , total protein, and albumin by colorimetric method; albumin concentration was also derived by electrophoresis assessment. After correcting serum @entity460 for colorimetrically (CA) and electrophoretically (EA) measured albumin values, the detected frequencies of @entity2741 were compared, utilizing different cut-off limits (i.e. 11.0, 10.4 and 10.2 mg/dl). In our @entity1 , the CA values were significantly lower than EA levels. As a consequence, EA-corrected @entity460 , as well as total @entity460 concentration were significantly lower than CA-corrected values. This may also account for the very different prevalence of hypercalcemic @entity1 identified by serum total, EA-corrected and CA-corrected @entity460 values. Our data therefore indicate the importance of the method of albumin measurement in the determination of "corrected" @entity460 concentration.

2097243

2097244

2097245

Prevalence of @entity2741 in hospitalised XXXX : effects of "correction" for serum albumin values.

multiple_choice

@entity2741 is ideally detected by the measurement of serum ionised @entity460 . Because this is not widely available, in common clinical practice "albumin-corrected" @entity460 values are often utilized. Our study investigated whether the method used to measure serum albumin concentration may significantly interfere in the derived serum @entity460 values and, consequently, in the identification of hypercalcemic @entity1 . In 170 consecutive @entity1 admitted to our Department of Internal Medicine we measured serum total @entity460 , total protein, and albumin by colorimetric method; albumin concentration was also derived by electrophoresis assessment. After correcting serum @entity460 for colorimetrically (CA) and electrophoretically (EA) measured albumin values, the detected frequencies of @entity2741 were compared, utilizing different cut-off limits (i.e. 11.0, 10.4 and 10.2 mg/dl). In our @entity1 , the CA values were significantly lower than EA levels. As a consequence, EA-corrected @entity460 , as well as total @entity460 concentration were significantly lower than CA-corrected values. This may also account for the very different prevalence of hypercalcemic @entity1 identified by serum total, EA-corrected and CA-corrected @entity460 values. Our data therefore indicate the importance of the method of albumin measurement in the determination of "corrected" @entity460 concentration.

2097246

2097247

2097248

Corticotroph @entity977 in a @entity1 with XXXX due to a novel mutation of the @entity2539 gene.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity2539 gene result in @entity13601 . The classic clinical presentation is primary @entity1887 in early life and @entity6126 at the time of expected puberty, but recent data have expanded the phenotypic spectrum of @entity2539 mutations. We report the occurrence of an @entity4545 -secreting @entity652 in a @entity1 with @entity13601 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Detailed clinical, radiological and pathological investigation of the @entity977 . Genomic analysis of the @entity2539 gene in the @entity1 and his mother. RESULTS: In this @entity1 , primary @entity177 had been diagnosed at 3 years of age and, despite replacement therapy, at 30 years of age progressive pigmentation developed and @entity227 followed. @entity4545 was 24 980 pg/ml and nuclear magnetic resonance disclosed a huge @entity977 . Three transsphenoidal operations and radiotherapy were necessary to remove the @entity5 mass and control @entity4545 secretion. Histologically, the @entity652 was composed of chromophobic and basophilic neoplastic cells with positive immunostaining for @entity4545 . Moreover, a novel mutation was found both in the @entity1 and his mother: a 4 bp insertion (AGCG) at nucleotide 259, in exon 1 resulting in a frame shift and premature termination. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that in @entity509 congenita the development of a @entity977 should be considered when a sudden rise of @entity4545 occurs despite adequate @entity134 substitution.

2097249

2097250

2097251

Corticotroph @entity977 in a @entity1 with @entity13601 due to a novel mutation of the XXXX gene.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity2539 gene result in @entity13601 . The classic clinical presentation is primary @entity1887 in early life and @entity6126 at the time of expected puberty, but recent data have expanded the phenotypic spectrum of @entity2539 mutations. We report the occurrence of an @entity4545 -secreting @entity652 in a @entity1 with @entity13601 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Detailed clinical, radiological and pathological investigation of the @entity977 . Genomic analysis of the @entity2539 gene in the @entity1 and his mother. RESULTS: In this @entity1 , primary @entity177 had been diagnosed at 3 years of age and, despite replacement therapy, at 30 years of age progressive pigmentation developed and @entity227 followed. @entity4545 was 24 980 pg/ml and nuclear magnetic resonance disclosed a huge @entity977 . Three transsphenoidal operations and radiotherapy were necessary to remove the @entity5 mass and control @entity4545 secretion. Histologically, the @entity652 was composed of chromophobic and basophilic neoplastic cells with positive immunostaining for @entity4545 . Moreover, a novel mutation was found both in the @entity1 and his mother: a 4 bp insertion (AGCG) at nucleotide 259, in exon 1 resulting in a frame shift and premature termination. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that in @entity509 congenita the development of a @entity977 should be considered when a sudden rise of @entity4545 occurs despite adequate @entity134 substitution.

2097252

2097253

2097254

Corticotroph XXXX in a @entity1 with @entity13601 due to a novel mutation of the @entity2539 gene.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity2539 gene result in @entity13601 . The classic clinical presentation is primary @entity1887 in early life and @entity6126 at the time of expected puberty, but recent data have expanded the phenotypic spectrum of @entity2539 mutations. We report the occurrence of an @entity4545 -secreting @entity652 in a @entity1 with @entity13601 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Detailed clinical, radiological and pathological investigation of the @entity977 . Genomic analysis of the @entity2539 gene in the @entity1 and his mother. RESULTS: In this @entity1 , primary @entity177 had been diagnosed at 3 years of age and, despite replacement therapy, at 30 years of age progressive pigmentation developed and @entity227 followed. @entity4545 was 24 980 pg/ml and nuclear magnetic resonance disclosed a huge @entity977 . Three transsphenoidal operations and radiotherapy were necessary to remove the @entity5 mass and control @entity4545 secretion. Histologically, the @entity652 was composed of chromophobic and basophilic neoplastic cells with positive immunostaining for @entity4545 . Moreover, a novel mutation was found both in the @entity1 and his mother: a 4 bp insertion (AGCG) at nucleotide 259, in exon 1 resulting in a frame shift and premature termination. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that in @entity509 congenita the development of a @entity977 should be considered when a sudden rise of @entity4545 occurs despite adequate @entity134 substitution.

2097255

2097256

2097257

Corticotroph @entity977 in a XXXX with @entity13601 due to a novel mutation of the @entity2539 gene.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Mutations in the @entity2539 gene result in @entity13601 . The classic clinical presentation is primary @entity1887 in early life and @entity6126 at the time of expected puberty, but recent data have expanded the phenotypic spectrum of @entity2539 mutations. We report the occurrence of an @entity4545 -secreting @entity652 in a @entity1 with @entity13601 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Detailed clinical, radiological and pathological investigation of the @entity977 . Genomic analysis of the @entity2539 gene in the @entity1 and his mother. RESULTS: In this @entity1 , primary @entity177 had been diagnosed at 3 years of age and, despite replacement therapy, at 30 years of age progressive pigmentation developed and @entity227 followed. @entity4545 was 24 980 pg/ml and nuclear magnetic resonance disclosed a huge @entity977 . Three transsphenoidal operations and radiotherapy were necessary to remove the @entity5 mass and control @entity4545 secretion. Histologically, the @entity652 was composed of chromophobic and basophilic neoplastic cells with positive immunostaining for @entity4545 . Moreover, a novel mutation was found both in the @entity1 and his mother: a 4 bp insertion (AGCG) at nucleotide 259, in exon 1 resulting in a frame shift and premature termination. CONCLUSIONS: This case suggests that in @entity509 congenita the development of a @entity977 should be considered when a sudden rise of @entity4545 occurs despite adequate @entity134 substitution.

2097258

2097259

2097260

Antiangiogenic treatment with three @entity3499 type 1 repeats versus @entity136 in an orthotopic @entity1 XXXX model.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of @entity3499 three type 1 repeats (3TSR), the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , in comparison and in combination with @entity136 , in an orthotopic @entity788 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 @entity788 cells were injected into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 . The animals were treated with 3TSR, @entity136 , 3TSR plus @entity136 , or vehicle for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of 3TSR and/or @entity136 on @entity5 growth, @entity5 necrosis, microvessel density, @entity5 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS: After 3 weeks of treatment, 3TSR reduced @entity5 volume by 65%, and @entity136 by 84%. @entity5 volume was not statistically different between @entity136 group and combinatorial treatment group. Extensive @entity39 areas were observed in @entity5 from 3TSR-treated @entity19 , whereas @entity5 from @entity136 and combinatorially treated @entity19 were less @entity5 . 3TSR reduced @entity5 microvessel density and increased @entity5 blood vessel endothelial cell apoptosis. In contrast, @entity136 induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: 3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , showed comparable antitumor efficacy to @entity136 in a @entity1 @entity788 orthotopic @entity19 model. No synergistic effect was found when the two drugs were combined and possible reasons are discussed in detail. A delicate balance between normalization and excessive regression of @entity5 vasculature is important when initiating alternative combinatorial regimens for treatment of @entity1 with @entity788 .

2097261

2097262

2097263

Antiangiogenic treatment with three @entity3499 type 1 repeats versus XXXX in an orthotopic @entity1 @entity788 model.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of @entity3499 three type 1 repeats (3TSR), the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , in comparison and in combination with @entity136 , in an orthotopic @entity788 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 @entity788 cells were injected into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 . The animals were treated with 3TSR, @entity136 , 3TSR plus @entity136 , or vehicle for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of 3TSR and/or @entity136 on @entity5 growth, @entity5 necrosis, microvessel density, @entity5 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS: After 3 weeks of treatment, 3TSR reduced @entity5 volume by 65%, and @entity136 by 84%. @entity5 volume was not statistically different between @entity136 group and combinatorial treatment group. Extensive @entity39 areas were observed in @entity5 from 3TSR-treated @entity19 , whereas @entity5 from @entity136 and combinatorially treated @entity19 were less @entity5 . 3TSR reduced @entity5 microvessel density and increased @entity5 blood vessel endothelial cell apoptosis. In contrast, @entity136 induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: 3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , showed comparable antitumor efficacy to @entity136 in a @entity1 @entity788 orthotopic @entity19 model. No synergistic effect was found when the two drugs were combined and possible reasons are discussed in detail. A delicate balance between normalization and excessive regression of @entity5 vasculature is important when initiating alternative combinatorial regimens for treatment of @entity1 with @entity788 .

2097264

2097265

2097266

Antiangiogenic treatment with three XXXX type 1 repeats versus @entity136 in an orthotopic @entity1 @entity788 model.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of @entity3499 three type 1 repeats (3TSR), the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , in comparison and in combination with @entity136 , in an orthotopic @entity788 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 @entity788 cells were injected into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 . The animals were treated with 3TSR, @entity136 , 3TSR plus @entity136 , or vehicle for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of 3TSR and/or @entity136 on @entity5 growth, @entity5 necrosis, microvessel density, @entity5 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS: After 3 weeks of treatment, 3TSR reduced @entity5 volume by 65%, and @entity136 by 84%. @entity5 volume was not statistically different between @entity136 group and combinatorial treatment group. Extensive @entity39 areas were observed in @entity5 from 3TSR-treated @entity19 , whereas @entity5 from @entity136 and combinatorially treated @entity19 were less @entity5 . 3TSR reduced @entity5 microvessel density and increased @entity5 blood vessel endothelial cell apoptosis. In contrast, @entity136 induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: 3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , showed comparable antitumor efficacy to @entity136 in a @entity1 @entity788 orthotopic @entity19 model. No synergistic effect was found when the two drugs were combined and possible reasons are discussed in detail. A delicate balance between normalization and excessive regression of @entity5 vasculature is important when initiating alternative combinatorial regimens for treatment of @entity1 with @entity788 .

2097267

2097268

2097269

Antiangiogenic treatment with three @entity3499 type 1 repeats versus @entity136 in an orthotopic XXXX @entity788 model.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: In this study, we investigated the antitumor efficacy of @entity3499 three type 1 repeats (3TSR), the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , in comparison and in combination with @entity136 , in an orthotopic @entity788 model. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity1 @entity788 cells were injected into the pancreas of severe combined immunodeficient @entity19 . The animals were treated with 3TSR, @entity136 , 3TSR plus @entity136 , or vehicle for 3 weeks. Subsequently, the effects of 3TSR and/or @entity136 on @entity5 growth, @entity5 necrosis, microvessel density, @entity5 cell proliferation, apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis were analyzed. RESULTS: After 3 weeks of treatment, 3TSR reduced @entity5 volume by 65%, and @entity136 by 84%. @entity5 volume was not statistically different between @entity136 group and combinatorial treatment group. Extensive @entity39 areas were observed in @entity5 from 3TSR-treated @entity19 , whereas @entity5 from @entity136 and combinatorially treated @entity19 were less @entity5 . 3TSR reduced @entity5 microvessel density and increased @entity5 blood vessel endothelial cell apoptosis. In contrast, @entity136 induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation of @entity5 cells. CONCLUSION: 3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of @entity3499 , showed comparable antitumor efficacy to @entity136 in a @entity1 @entity788 orthotopic @entity19 model. No synergistic effect was found when the two drugs were combined and possible reasons are discussed in detail. A delicate balance between normalization and excessive regression of @entity5 vasculature is important when initiating alternative combinatorial regimens for treatment of @entity1 with @entity788 .

2097270

2097271

2097272

ANCA: serology in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2883 ( @entity2883 ) is being increasingly diagnosed in India, which exists in two forms, the 'limited @entity2883 ' (LWG) having upper respiratory tract (URT) and lower respiratory tract (LRT) involvement and the 'classical @entity2883 ' (CWG), with the triad of URT, LRT involvement along with kidney involvement. @entity7134 ( @entity7134 ) or anti-Proteinase3 (anti- @entity7134 ), which is highly diagnostic for @entity2883 , rarely perinuclear ANCA (P-ANCA) may exist. AIMS: To detect anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) and correlate it with serological, hematological parameters, and the Birmingham @entity1333 Activity Score (BVAS). SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Twenty-three clinically and histopathologically proven @entity2883 (16 CWG, 7 LWG) were studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity7134 and P-ANCA patterns were identified by immunofluorescence and specificities were confirmed by 'alpha granule' enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), anti- @entity7134 , anti- @entity3335 (myeloperoxidase) and anti-Lactoferrin (anti-LF) by ELISA. RESULTS: LRT involvement was seen in 91.3%, URT in 78.3%, and renal manifestations in 69.6% cases. The BVAS in CWG was significantly higher than BVAS in the LWG. Decreased hemoglobin, increased WBC counts, ESR, CRP and @entity1011 were seen in CWG as compared to LWG. The @entity7134 was present in 65.2% @entity1 and P-ANCA in 13% cases. Anti- @entity7134 was seen in 69.6% patients and anti-LF in 17.4% cases. Severity of disease and ANCA was higher in CWG than in LWG. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1333 syndromes are known to overlap and many go undetected; therefore ANCA testing, along with the clinical and histopathological observations may be helpful in early detection and management of @entity2883 cases.

2097273

2097274

2097275

Assessment of growth performance and meat quality of finishing XXXX raised on the low plane of nutrition.

multiple_choice

This study was performed to investigate the effects of the low plane of nutrition on growth and meat quality of finishing @entity1707 . A total of 136 crossbred barrows and gilts weighing approximately 55 kg were allotted to 8 pens, with 17 animals housed per pen, in a 2 (sex) * 2 (nutrition) factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals allotted to a @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) received a finisher phase 1 (P1) diet containing 3.47 Mcal DE/kg and 0.92 % @entity376 and a P2 diet containing 3.40 Mcal DE/kg and 0.78 % @entity376 for 35 d and 36/43 d, respectively; the animals allotted to the low plane of nutrition (LPN) received only a P2 diet containing 3.00 Mcal DE/kg and 0.68 % @entity376 7 d longer than @entity3147 . The animals were slaughtered following the feeding trial, after which the loin, ham, Boston butt, and belly were taken from a total of 24 animals, with the average live weight being 120 kg, and their physicochemical and sensory quality traits were analyzed. Average daily gain did not differ between @entity3147 and LPN during either P1 or P2. Average daily feed intake was greater (P < 0.05) in LPN vs. @entity3147 during both phases whereas the opposite was true for the gain:feed ratio. @entity121 ( @entity121 ) was less in LPN vs. @entity3147 (21.7 vs. 24.1 mm at 115 kg). The plane of nutrition influenced no effect on any of the physicochemical characteristics of fresh loin, ham, or Boston butt analyzed in the present study. Fresh hams from LPN exhibited superior aroma and odor scores than those from @entity3147 ; however, sensory quality traits were not influenced by the plane of nutrition in other fresh primal cuts or cooked meat. Instead, fresh primal cuts and cooked meat from gilts rendered superior physicochemical characteristics and sensory scores, respectively, than those from barrows. Results suggest that the low plane of nutrition may be useful to increase the slaughter weight of finishing @entity1707 with a moderately high @entity121 by virtue of its @entity121 -lowering effect with or without exerting a slightly positive influence on pork quality.

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2097277

2097278

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Postprandial XXXX and Lipoprotein Metabolism Following Cookie Ingestion in Healthy Young @entity1 .

multiple_choice

We examined the acute effects of postprandial aerobic exercise on @entity413 and lipid metabolism following cookie ingestion. Fifteen healthy young @entity1 with a sedentary lifestyle, normal weight and apolipoprotein E3/3 participated. After a 12-h overnight fast, each subject ingested a cookie (1.53 g/kg, Meal Test C) and then performed two trials, one with postprandial exercise (E trial) and one without exercise (C trial), in a randomized crossover design. A single 30-min bout of walking exercise was performed 20 min after the cookie intake. Venous blood samples were drawn before (0 h) and 20 min and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after cookie ingestion. The @entity413 concentration was not significantly different between the two trials, but the insulin concentration at 1 h and the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (0-2 h)-insulin in the E trial were significantly lower than in the C trial. The ratio of @entity413 /insulin at 1 h was significantly higher in the E trial than in the C trial. The TG, RLP-TG, @entity755 and RemL-C concentrations at 1 h in the E trial were significantly higher than in the C trial. The IAUC (0-2 h)- @entity755 in the E trial was significantly larger than in the C trial. Postprandial exercise showed an insulin-sparing effect following the cookie ingestion by @entity1720 . However, postprandial exercise transiently stimulated the secretion of exogenous @entity755 -containing lipoprotein during the early period, and no further effects were observed. These results suggest that postprandial aerobic exercise is effective for the promotion of postprandial @entity1735 metabolism, but not @entity407 .

2097279

2097280

2097281

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Postprandial @entity1735 and Lipoprotein Metabolism Following Cookie Ingestion in Healthy Young XXXX .

multiple_choice

We examined the acute effects of postprandial aerobic exercise on @entity413 and lipid metabolism following cookie ingestion. Fifteen healthy young @entity1 with a sedentary lifestyle, normal weight and apolipoprotein E3/3 participated. After a 12-h overnight fast, each subject ingested a cookie (1.53 g/kg, Meal Test C) and then performed two trials, one with postprandial exercise (E trial) and one without exercise (C trial), in a randomized crossover design. A single 30-min bout of walking exercise was performed 20 min after the cookie intake. Venous blood samples were drawn before (0 h) and 20 min and 1, 2, 4, and 6 h after cookie ingestion. The @entity413 concentration was not significantly different between the two trials, but the insulin concentration at 1 h and the incremental area under the curve (IAUC) (0-2 h)-insulin in the E trial were significantly lower than in the C trial. The ratio of @entity413 /insulin at 1 h was significantly higher in the E trial than in the C trial. The TG, RLP-TG, @entity755 and RemL-C concentrations at 1 h in the E trial were significantly higher than in the C trial. The IAUC (0-2 h)- @entity755 in the E trial was significantly larger than in the C trial. Postprandial exercise showed an insulin-sparing effect following the cookie ingestion by @entity1720 . However, postprandial exercise transiently stimulated the secretion of exogenous @entity755 -containing lipoprotein during the early period, and no further effects were observed. These results suggest that postprandial aerobic exercise is effective for the promotion of postprandial @entity1735 metabolism, but not @entity407 .

2097282

2097283

2097284

Premarital genetic screening for XXXX carrier status of indexed families using HbA2 electrophoresis.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To devise a strategy for prevention of @entity8674 in newborns through reliable screening of indexed families. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in 2011 and comprised blood samples collected from subjects belonging to different ethnic groups from families of @entity8674 major @entity1 registered with the Abbottonian Medical Association Blood Care Centre, Abbottabad, in Pakistan's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Electrophoretic separation of @entity1 haemoglobin like A, F, S and C was done and then haemoglobin in the gel was immobilised in a fixative solution and the gel was dried to a film. Haemoglobin pattern was visualised by staining the film with a protein-specific stain. The pattern was quantified by densitometry. RESULTS: Of the 98 samples, 57(58.2%) had b- @entity2395 trait with elevated haemoglobin alpha 2 level, and 41(41.8%) had normal level. Out of the 57 carriers, 33(57.89%) were males and 24(42.10%) were females. Mean age of carriers was 11.65 6.25 years compared to 10.93 7.75 in normal @entity1 . Mean haemoglobin alpha 2 level of carriers was 5.2 0.56% compared to 2.34 0.57% in normal subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Carrying out mass screening programmes throughout Pakistan for the detection of @entity2395 carriers and providing them the benefit of marriage counselling may decrease the incidence of @entity2395 Major.

2097285

2097286

2097287

Anticholinergic Medication Use and Fractures in Postmenopausal XXXX : Findings from the @entity1 's Health Initiative.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Anticholinergic medication use has been associated with several negative health outcomes in older adults, but little is known about its risk for @entity174 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anticholinergic medication use and @entity174 outcomes in @entity497 postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Utilizing a prospective cohort design, we examined data collected from 137,408 @entity1 aged 50-79 years from the @entity1 's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials not reporting @entity173 at baseline. Medications with moderate or strong anticholinergic effects were identified directly from drug containers during in- @entity1 interviews. The main outcome was @entity174 ( @entity572 , lower arm/wrist and total @entity174 ). We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard survival modelling to assess the association between anticholinergic use and the risk of @entity174 . RESULTS: At baseline, 10.6 % of the @entity1 were using an anticholinergic medication, of which antihistamines were the most common medication class (48.4 %). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for anticholinergic medication use were 1.08 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.30) for @entity173 , 1.01 (95 % CI 0.91-1.13) for lower arm/wrist @entity174 and 1.03 (95 % CI 0.98-1.09) for total @entity174 . We observed no association according to subclass or count of anticholinergic medications, or trends between the duration of anticholinergic use and any of the @entity174 outcomes. CONCLUSION: Anticholinergic medication use was not associated with an increased risk of @entity174 among @entity497 @entity1 . Future research should make efforts to capture over-the-counter medication use and the cumulative anticholinergic burden in relation to important health outcomes for older adults.

2097288

2097289

2097290

Anticholinergic Medication Use and Fractures in Postmenopausal @entity1 : Findings from the XXXX 's Health Initiative.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Anticholinergic medication use has been associated with several negative health outcomes in older adults, but little is known about its risk for @entity174 . OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between anticholinergic medication use and @entity174 outcomes in @entity497 postmenopausal @entity1 . METHODS: Utilizing a prospective cohort design, we examined data collected from 137,408 @entity1 aged 50-79 years from the @entity1 's Health Initiative observational study and clinical trials not reporting @entity173 at baseline. Medications with moderate or strong anticholinergic effects were identified directly from drug containers during in- @entity1 interviews. The main outcome was @entity174 ( @entity572 , lower arm/wrist and total @entity174 ). We performed multivariable Cox proportional hazard survival modelling to assess the association between anticholinergic use and the risk of @entity174 . RESULTS: At baseline, 10.6 % of the @entity1 were using an anticholinergic medication, of which antihistamines were the most common medication class (48.4 %). The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for anticholinergic medication use were 1.08 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.89-1.30) for @entity173 , 1.01 (95 % CI 0.91-1.13) for lower arm/wrist @entity174 and 1.03 (95 % CI 0.98-1.09) for total @entity174 . We observed no association according to subclass or count of anticholinergic medications, or trends between the duration of anticholinergic use and any of the @entity174 outcomes. CONCLUSION: Anticholinergic medication use was not associated with an increased risk of @entity174 among @entity497 @entity1 . Future research should make efforts to capture over-the-counter medication use and the cumulative anticholinergic burden in relation to important health outcomes for older adults.

2097291

2097292

2097293

Health facility determinants and trends of ICD-10 outpatient XXXX consultations across Sofala, Mozambique: time-series analyses from 2012 to 2014.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Few peer-reviewed publications have taken a longitudinal or systems approach to @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) utilization in low- and middle-income countries. We analyzed: (1) outpatient ICD-10 diagnoses over time and by gender; and (2) health facility determinants of @entity1032 service utilization. METHODS: We reviewed a census of 15,856 outpatient @entity146 consultations conducted at Ministry clinics in Sofala province, Mozambique from January 2012-June 2014. Generalized estimating equations were used to model facility determinants of ICD-10 diagnoses. RESULTS: Across the period, 48.9 % of consults were for @entity302 , 22.4 % for @entity161 / @entity4750 , and 8.8 % for neurotic/stress-related disorders. The proportion of @entity161 / @entity4750 has decreased over time (32 % in 2012; 13 % in 2014, p = 0.003), in favor of greater diversity of diagnoses. @entity302 has increased significantly in absolute and proportional terms. @entity1 are more likely to present for neurotic/stress-related conditions (12.8 % of consults for @entity1 , 5.7 % for @entity1 , p < 0.001), while @entity1 are more likely to present for substance use (1.9 % for @entity1 , 6.4 % for @entity1 , p < 0.001). Clinics with more @entity146 technicians have a 2.1-fold (CI: 1.2, 3.6) increased rate of @entity161 /delusional disorder diagnoses. Rural clinics saw a higher proportion of @entity302 cases and a lower proportion of organic, substance use, @entity161 , and @entity1316 cases. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient @entity1032 service provision is increasing in Mozambique, although currently focuses on @entity302 and @entity161 / @entity4750 . Mid-level @entity146 providers appear to be associated with a higher proportion of @entity161 /delusional disorder diagnoses. Due to diagnostic or utilization differences, rural clinics may be missing important cases of organic, substance use, @entity161 , and @entity1316 . Models and decision-support tools for @entity1032 integration with primary care practice are needed in Mozambique to allow further scale-up of mental health services.

2097294

2097295

2097296

Coding of tactile response properties in the XXXX deep cerebellar nuclei.

multiple_choice

In the lateral hemispheres of the cerebellar cortex, somatosensory responses are represented in a finely grained @entity174 somatotopy. It is unclear, however, how these responses contribute to the ultimate output of the cerebellum from the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN). Robust responses of DCN neurons to somatosensory stimuli have been described, but a detailed examination of their somatotopic arrangement and stimulus coding properties is lacking. To address these questions, we recorded extracellular, single-unit activity in the DCN of @entity3652 -anesthetized @entity35 in response to air-puff stimuli aimed at six different orofacial and forelimb locations. In additional experiments, the duration and intensity of air-puff stimuli to the ipsilateral upper lip were systematically varied. Overall, we found that DCN neuron responses to air puff stimuli showed combinations of three distinct response components: a short-latency spike response, a pronounced inhibition, and a long-latency increase in @entity8327 . Individual neurons responsive to air-puff stimulation exhibited any combination of just one, two, or all three of these response components. The inhibitory response was most common and frequently consisted of a complete cessation of spiking despite a high spontaneous rate of baseline @entity8327 . In contrast to published findings from cerebellar cortical recordings, the receptive fields of all responsive neurons in the DCN were large. In fact, the receptive field of most neurons covered the ipsi- and contralateral face as well as forepaws. Response properties of individual neurons did not reliably indicate stimulus intensity or duration, although as a population DCN neurons showed significantly increasing response amplitudes as air-puff intensity or duration increased. Overall, the responses were characterized by a distinct temporal profile in each neuron, which remained unchanged with changes in stimulus condition. We conclude that the responses in the DCN of @entity35 to air-puff stimuli differ substantially from cerebellar cortical responses in their receptive field properties and do not provide a robust code of tactile stimulus properties. Rather, the characteristic temporal response profile of each neuron may be tuned to control the timing of a specific task to which its output is linked.

2097297

2097298

2097299

XXXX in a Muslim majority region of North India.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Changing trends of @entity2953 ( @entity2953 ) and @entity645 / @entity791 has been noted in the literature over years, depending to some extent on the geographical and cultural factors of the region. In Kashmir Valley also, the pattern of @entity2953 may be different from the rest of the country. AIMS OF THE STUDY: The aim was to present the experience with patterns of @entity2953 in Kashmir. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective hospital-based study carried out by detailed analysis of case records of 5-year period. RESULTS: A total of 184 @entity1 , 100 males and 84 females, had specific @entity2953 . @entity1066 was the presentation in 54 @entity1 (29.35%), out of which herpes genitalis was found in 27 @entity1 (50%), followed by chancroid in 13 (24.07%) and syphilis in 10 (18.52%) @entity1 . 42 female @entity1 (22.83%) presented with vaginal discharge, out of which, 24 (57.14%) had @entity365 . 24 males (13.04%) presented with urethral discharge, out of which, 15 (62.5%) had nongonococcal and 9 (37.5%) @entity2954 . @entity482 (MC) was found in 19 @entity1 (10.33%), and warts in 15 (8.15%). @entity645 positive serology was detected in 3 @entity1 (1.63%). CONCLUSION: The most common @entity2953 encountered in our study was genital @entity1066 , followed by vaginal discharge, @entity6369 , genital MC, and genital warts. @entity12881 was the commonest genital @entity1066 ; @entity7553 was the most common cause of vaginal discharge and @entity6369 the most common cause of @entity6369 . These findings are by and large similar to those noted in other parts of our country.