Datasets:

bigbio

/

biomrc

like 2

2096400

2096401

2096402

[ XXXX in recipients of hematopoietic stem cells. Impact on mortality].

multiple_choice

@entity409 is a well-known cause of early morbidity and mortality affecting 80% of @entity1 receiving allogeneic bone-marrow transplantation (BMT). @entity137 , @entity5501 ( @entity5501 ), @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ), and @entity364 are the most frequent @entity409 during this period. The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence and etiology of @entity409 and its impact on mortality as well as to assess the predictive value of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests on the subsequent occurrence of acute and/or chronic @entity2132 and @entity1 mortality. Of a total of 236 @entity1 who underwent allogeneic BMT, 82 were analysed. @entity409 was found in 88%. The causes of @entity409 were: acute @entity2132 , 40.2%; chronic @entity2132 , 15.9%; unknown, 9.8%; @entity295 , 7.3%; hepatotoxicity, 6.1%; @entity5501 , 3.7%; acute @entity99 and disease recurrence, 2.4%. The mortality rate was 37%. We found @entity879 ( @entity879 ) in 10% of the deaths (8 @entity1 ). The causes of @entity879 in these cases were @entity2132 in 5, herpetic @entity99 in 1, disease recurrence in 1, and @entity5501 in 1. The correlation coefficients indicating positive predictive values of pre BMT hepatic biochemical tests for the subsequent occurrence of acute @entity2132 , chronic @entity2132 , and mortality were 0.27, 0.14, and 0.43, respectively. There was no significant difference between @entity1 with abnormal or normal pre BMT liver function tests in the frequency of acute and chronic @entity2132 or mortality.

2096403

2096404

2096405

Effects of XXXX secretion by a @entity1 lung cancer cell line in vitro.

multiple_choice

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) on cell growth and on the different IGF system components in a @entity1 @entity1149 line (Calu-6) in vitro. Our results confirm the release of @entity442 and @entity5100 by these cells. The amount of @entity5100 in conditioned media (10.25 +/- 3.95 nM/10(6) cells, mean +/- SE) was more than 10-fold higher than that of @entity442 . alpha-IFN treatment reduced @entity5100 levels in the media, with a maximal effect between 1 and 10 U/ml (delta% of control: -31 and -55%, respectively, p < 0.05). @entity442 was significantly reduced at 0.5 U/ml (p < 0.01). No difference, however, was observed in IGF mRNA expression between untreated and alpha-IFN treated cells. An increase in @entity442 and @entity5100 intracellular levels in alpha-IFN treated cultures was observed, suggesting that alpha-IFN can regulate the transfer of these peptides into the cells. Furthermore, IGF type-I and particularly type-lI receptor expression was increased after alpha-IFN treatment. @entity2301 was detected only in trace amounts in the conditioned media; however, it showed an increase after alpha-IFN treatment (+110% at 1 U/ml). @entity2301 mRNA expression showed a slight increase after treatment with 1 and 10 U/ml. alpha-IFN (1-10 U/ml) reduced the stimulatory effect of @entity442 on cell replication (p < 0.01), inhibited (p < 0.01) cell replication in untreated and in fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated cells, and increased apoptosis in @entity1 cells. Our data suggest that alpha-IFN may exert its effects at the cellular level in part through modification of the local IGF system.

2096406

2096407

2096408

Effects of @entity2301 secretion by a XXXX lung cancer cell line in vitro.

multiple_choice

The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) on cell growth and on the different IGF system components in a @entity1 @entity1149 line (Calu-6) in vitro. Our results confirm the release of @entity442 and @entity5100 by these cells. The amount of @entity5100 in conditioned media (10.25 +/- 3.95 nM/10(6) cells, mean +/- SE) was more than 10-fold higher than that of @entity442 . alpha-IFN treatment reduced @entity5100 levels in the media, with a maximal effect between 1 and 10 U/ml (delta% of control: -31 and -55%, respectively, p < 0.05). @entity442 was significantly reduced at 0.5 U/ml (p < 0.01). No difference, however, was observed in IGF mRNA expression between untreated and alpha-IFN treated cells. An increase in @entity442 and @entity5100 intracellular levels in alpha-IFN treated cultures was observed, suggesting that alpha-IFN can regulate the transfer of these peptides into the cells. Furthermore, IGF type-I and particularly type-lI receptor expression was increased after alpha-IFN treatment. @entity2301 was detected only in trace amounts in the conditioned media; however, it showed an increase after alpha-IFN treatment (+110% at 1 U/ml). @entity2301 mRNA expression showed a slight increase after treatment with 1 and 10 U/ml. alpha-IFN (1-10 U/ml) reduced the stimulatory effect of @entity442 on cell replication (p < 0.01), inhibited (p < 0.01) cell replication in untreated and in fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated cells, and increased apoptosis in @entity1 cells. Our data suggest that alpha-IFN may exert its effects at the cellular level in part through modification of the local IGF system.

2096409

2096410

2096411

Characterization of XXXX with Type 2 Diabetes According to Body Mass Index: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2011.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Korean adults according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and to analyze the association with @entity65 ( @entity65 ). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2007 to 2011. A total of 3,370 @entity1 with @entity6 were divided into categories according to BMI. We conducted a comparison of the @entity6 @entity1 population composition by BMI category between different countries. We investigated the prevalence of awareness, treatment, and target control of @entity6 according to BMI. RESULTS: @entity1 with @entity6 had a higher BMI, and were more likely to have a history of @entity65 than healthy controls. For Korean adults with @entity6 , 8% had BMI >= 30 kg/m . By contrast, the population of @entity1 with @entity6 and BMI >= 30 kg/m was 72% in @entity1 in the USA and 56% in the UK. The rate of recognition, treatment, and control has worsened in parallel with increasing BMI. Even in @entity1 with BMI 25-29.9 kg/m , the prevalence of @entity65 or high risk factors for @entity65 was significantly higher than in @entity1 with BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m (OR 2.07). CONCLUSION: Korean @entity1 with @entity6 had lower BMI than those in Western countries. Higher BMI was associated with lower awareness, treatment, and control of @entity6 , and a positive association was observed between @entity65 or high risk factors for @entity65 and BMI, even for @entity1 who were overweight but not obese.

2096412

2096413

2096414

Pediatric XXXX : retrospective case series and literature review.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: A comparison between the literature and our management of pediatric @entity1 presenting with otogenic @entity50 . DESIGN: A retrospective case series of five pediatric @entity1 . SETTING: Four @entity1 were treated at BC @entity1 's Hospital, whereas the fifth @entity1 was treated in New Westminster, BC. All were treated between 1994 and 2001. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted with a literature review for otogenic @entity50 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Treatment success was based on resolution of @entity16 . RESULTS: Five @entity1 , four males and one female, aged 2 to 14 years were reviewed. Three @entity1 were treated successfully without mastoidectomy. One @entity1 received a mastoidectomy that yielded no pus or granulation tissue within the @entity2267 . One @entity1 required a mastoidectomy after failure to respond to bilateral myringotomy and tympanostomy tube insertion. Although no pus was seen in the @entity2267 , perisinus pus was found after unroofing the sigmoid sinus plate; free flow of blood was obtained on needle aspiration of the sinus, and the sinus was not surgically opened. CONCLUSION: The current literature states that the management of otogenic @entity50 includes high-dose intravenous antibiotics with a mastoidectomy and possible opening of the sinus. In our retrospective case series, three of five @entity1 recovered completely without mastoidectomy, and a fourth had a mastoidectomy deemed to have been unnecessary. We conclude that intravenous antibiotics and insertion of a tympanostomy tube are sufficient treatment for selected cases of otogenic @entity50 . Mastoidectomy with possible opening of the sinus should be reserved for @entity1 refractory to the above conservative treatment.

2096415

2096416

2096417

XXXX Addition to Chemotherapy in Stage IV Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: an Open Label Randomized Controlled Study.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate effects of @entity2449 on clinical outcome of non- @entity6 @entity1 with stage IV NSCLC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized, open-label, controlled pilot study was conducted on @entity1 with stage IV NSCLC with an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG PS) of 0-2, excluding @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity8193 . Thirty chemo-naive, non- @entity6 @entity1 with stage IV NSCLC were enrolled. Fifteen @entity1 received intravenous @entity136 / @entity900 regimen alone (arm B) while fifteen @entity1 received the same regimen plus daily oral @entity2449 500mg (arm A). The effect of @entity2449 on chemotherapy-response rates, survival, and adverse events in these @entity1 was evaluated. RESULTS: Objective response rate (ORR) and median @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ) in arms A and B were 46.7% versus 13.3% respectively, p=0.109 and 12 months versus 6.5 months, respectively, p=0.119. Median progression free survival (PFS) in arms A and B was 5.5 months versus 5 months, p=0.062. No significant increase in @entity137 was observed in arm A versus arm B. Percentage of @entity1 who experienced @entity390 was significantly lower in arm A versus arm B, at 26.7% versus 66.7% respectively, p=0.028. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2449 administration reduced occurrence of chemotherapy induced- @entity390 . Non-statistically significant improvements in the ORR or @entity1349 were observed. @entity2449 had no effect on PFS.

2096418

2096419

2096420

Intraoperative Parathormone Monitoring Mitigates Age-Related Variability in Targeted Parathyroidectomy for @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Preoperative parathyroid localization studies, namely, sestamibi (MIBI) and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS), are commonly used for targeted parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) with intraoperative @entity6685 monitoring (IPM) in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ). This study examined age-related variability in abnormal parathyroid gland localization for targeted @entity4045 and the value of IPM across age groups. METHODS: A retrospective review examined prospectively collected data of 833 @entity1 who underwent targeted @entity4045 guided by IPM. The @entity1 were stratified into three age groups as follows: younger [<47 years; mean -1 standard deviation (SD)], typical (47-73 years), and older (>73 years; mean +1 SD) based on an age distribution curve for @entity459 . The accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for MIBI, SUS, and IPM were analyzed and compared among age groups. Operative success was defined as eucalcemia for 6 months or longer after @entity4045 , and operative failure was defined as elevated @entity460 and @entity461 levels within 6 months after @entity4045 . RESULTS: Of the 833 @entity1 , the youngest group had the highest accuracy and sensitivity for MIBI, SUS, and IPM compared with the older groups (p < 0.05). The accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS also decreased significantly with increased age (p < 0.05). Within all three age groups, IPM was consistently more accurate and sensitive than SUS or MIBI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age can significantly affect the accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS in targeted @entity4045 for @entity1 with @entity459 . Across all age groups, IPM remains more accurate than preoperative localization studies. For the elderly, in whom multiglandular disease appears increased, surgeons should have a lower threshold for conversion to bilateral neck exploration.

2096421

2096422

2096423

Intraoperative Parathormone Monitoring Mitigates Age-Related Variability in Targeted Parathyroidectomy for XXXX with @entity459 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Preoperative parathyroid localization studies, namely, sestamibi (MIBI) and surgeon-performed ultrasound (SUS), are commonly used for targeted parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) with intraoperative @entity6685 monitoring (IPM) in @entity1 with @entity459 ( @entity459 ). This study examined age-related variability in abnormal parathyroid gland localization for targeted @entity4045 and the value of IPM across age groups. METHODS: A retrospective review examined prospectively collected data of 833 @entity1 who underwent targeted @entity4045 guided by IPM. The @entity1 were stratified into three age groups as follows: younger [<47 years; mean -1 standard deviation (SD)], typical (47-73 years), and older (>73 years; mean +1 SD) based on an age distribution curve for @entity459 . The accuracy, sensitivity, and positive predictive value ( @entity2286 ) for MIBI, SUS, and IPM were analyzed and compared among age groups. Operative success was defined as eucalcemia for 6 months or longer after @entity4045 , and operative failure was defined as elevated @entity460 and @entity461 levels within 6 months after @entity4045 . RESULTS: Of the 833 @entity1 , the youngest group had the highest accuracy and sensitivity for MIBI, SUS, and IPM compared with the older groups (p < 0.05). The accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS also decreased significantly with increased age (p < 0.05). Within all three age groups, IPM was consistently more accurate and sensitive than SUS or MIBI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Age can significantly affect the accuracy and sensitivity of MIBI and SUS in targeted @entity4045 for @entity1 with @entity459 . Across all age groups, IPM remains more accurate than preoperative localization studies. For the elderly, in whom multiglandular disease appears increased, surgeons should have a lower threshold for conversion to bilateral neck exploration.

2096424

2096425

2096426

Value of Prophylactic Cervical Thymectomy in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In @entity3243 ( @entity2742 ), @entity2418 are a cause for recurrence. As a result of differences in pathophysiology, variable practice patterns exist regarding performing bilateral cervical thymectomy (BCT) in @entity1373 versus @entity1373 from @entity177 or @entity74 . The objective of this study was to capture @entity1 where thymic tissue was found with subtotal parathyroidectomy ( @entity4045 ) and intended BCT, identify number of thymic supernumerary glands (SNGs), and determine overall cure rate. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity1 with four-gland exploration and intended BCT for @entity2742 from 2000 to 2013 was performed. Identification of thymic tissue and SNGs were determined by operative/pathology reports. Univariate analysis identified differences in cure rate for @entity1 undergoing subtotal @entity4045 with or without BCT. RESULTS: Thymic tissue was found in 52 % of 328 primary @entity2742 (19 % unilateral, 33 % bilateral), 77 % of 128 renal @entity2742 (28 % unilateral, 49 % bilateral), and 100 % of familial @entity2742 (24 % unilateral, 76 % bilateral) @entity1 . Nine percent of primary, 18 % of renal, and 10 % of familial @entity2742 @entity1 had SNGs within thymectomy specimens. Cure rates of primary @entity2742 @entity1 with BCT were 99 % compared to 94 % in subtotal @entity4045 alone. @entity8 cure rates were 94 % with BCT compared to 89 % without BCT. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 @entity1 benefited most in cure when thymectomy was performed. Although the rate of SNGs found in primary @entity2742 was lower than renal @entity2742 , the cure rate mimicked the pattern in @entity8 . Furthermore, the incidences of SNGs in primary and familial @entity2742 were similar. On the basis of these data, we advocate that BCT be considered in primary @entity2742 when thymic tissue is readily identified.

2096427

2096428

2096429

Post resuscitation care of XXXX @entity1 in the Nordic countries: a questionnaire study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to compare post resuscitation care of @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) @entity1 in Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent to Nordic ICUs in 2012 and was complemented by an additional one in 2014. RESULTS: The first questionnaire was sent to 188 and the second one to 184 ICUs. Response rates were 51 % and 46 %. In 2012, 37 % of the ICUs treated all @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1167 with @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) at 33 C. All @entity1167 @entity1 admitted to the ICU were treated with @entity1054 at 33 C more often in Norway (69 %) compared to Finland (20 %) and Sweden (25 %), p 0.02 and 0.014. In 2014, 63 % of the ICUs still use @entity1054 at 33 C, but 33 % use @entity1054 at 36 C. Early coronary angiography (CAG) and possible percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was routinely provided for all survivors of @entity1167 in 39 % of the hospitals in 2012 and in 28 % of the hospitals in 2014. Routine CAG for all actively treated victims of @entity1167 was performed more frequently in Sweden (51 %) and in Norway (54 %) compared to Finland (13 %), p 0.014 and 0.042. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2012, @entity1054 at 36 C has been implemented in some ICUs, but @entity1054 at 33 C is used in majority of the ICUs. @entity1054 at 33 or 36 C and primary CAG are not routinely provided for all @entity1167 survivors and the criteria for these and ICU admission are variable. Best practices as a uniform approach to the optimal care of the resuscitated @entity1 should be sought in the Nordic Countries.

2096430

2096431

2096432

Post resuscitation care of @entity1167 XXXX in the Nordic countries: a questionnaire study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to compare post resuscitation care of @entity1167 ( @entity1167 ) @entity1 in Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden) intensive care units (ICUs). METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent to Nordic ICUs in 2012 and was complemented by an additional one in 2014. RESULTS: The first questionnaire was sent to 188 and the second one to 184 ICUs. Response rates were 51 % and 46 %. In 2012, 37 % of the ICUs treated all @entity1 resuscitated from @entity1167 with @entity1054 ( @entity1054 ) at 33 C. All @entity1167 @entity1 admitted to the ICU were treated with @entity1054 at 33 C more often in Norway (69 %) compared to Finland (20 %) and Sweden (25 %), p 0.02 and 0.014. In 2014, 63 % of the ICUs still use @entity1054 at 33 C, but 33 % use @entity1054 at 36 C. Early coronary angiography (CAG) and possible percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was routinely provided for all survivors of @entity1167 in 39 % of the hospitals in 2012 and in 28 % of the hospitals in 2014. Routine CAG for all actively treated victims of @entity1167 was performed more frequently in Sweden (51 %) and in Norway (54 %) compared to Finland (13 %), p 0.014 and 0.042. CONCLUSIONS: Since 2012, @entity1054 at 36 C has been implemented in some ICUs, but @entity1054 at 33 C is used in majority of the ICUs. @entity1054 at 33 or 36 C and primary CAG are not routinely provided for all @entity1167 survivors and the criteria for these and ICU admission are variable. Best practices as a uniform approach to the optimal care of the resuscitated @entity1 should be sought in the Nordic Countries.

2096433

2096434

2096435

Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Erythrocytosis in a XXXX : A Case Report.

multiple_choice

@entity6582 , or @entity6582 vera, is a @entity66 caused by the exaggerated increase of erythroid precursor cells in the bone marrow. We report the case of an 11-year-old male mixed-breed @entity235 that had @entity7405 and @entity1688 . There was a significant increase in hematocrit. After phlebotomy and fluid therapy, the @entity235 's condition improved. A diagnosis of @entity6582 was supported by serum levels of @entity67978 . The @entity235 responded well to treatment with administration of @entity1862 (15 mg/kg), phlebotomies, and fluid therapy. However, after 18 months, he had an acute recurrence of clinical signs and was euthanized. We observed that long-term maintenance with @entity1862 at a dosage of 15 mg/kg every 48 hours was adequate for managing @entity6582 vera, with a survival time of 18 months in the present case. However, longer dose intervals are likely not appropriate. We believe that this may be helpful to other veterinarians facing the same problems in the treatment of @entity6582 vera.

2096436

2096437

2096438

A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Tick XXXX in the United States and Australia.

multiple_choice

CONTEXT: @entity11325 is a @entity2359 envenoming that mimics polio and primarily afflicts @entity1 , especially in hyperendemic regions of the Western United States of America (US) and Eastern Australia. OBJECTIVE: To compare the epidemiology, clinical and electrodiagnostic manifestations, and outcomes of @entity11325 in the US versus Australia. METHODS: A comparative meta-analysis of the scientific literature was conducted using Internet search engines to identify confirmed cases of @entity11325 in the US and Australia. Continuous variables including age, time to tick removal, and duration of @entity912 were analyzed for statistically significant differences by unpaired t-tests; and categorical variables including gender, regional distribution, tick vector, tick attachment site, and misdiagnosis were compared for statistically significant differences by chi-square or Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: @entity11325 following ixodid tick bites occurred seasonally and sporadically in individuals and in more clusters of @entity1 than in adults of both sexes in urban and rural locations in North America and Australia. The case fatality rate for @entity11325 was low, and the proportion of misdiagnoses of @entity11325 as @entity5011 ( @entity5011 ) was greater in the US than in Australia. Although electrodiagnostic manifestations were similar, the neurotoxidromes differed significantly with @entity425 and even residual neuromuscular @entity912 following tick removal in Australian cases compared with US cases. DISCUSSION: @entity11325 was a potentially lethal envenoming that occurred in @entity1 and adults in a seasonally and regionally predictable fashion. @entity11325 was increasingly misdiagnosed as @entity5011 during more recent reporting periods in the US. Such misdiagnoses often directed unnecessary therapies including central venous plasmapheresis with intravenous immunoglobulin G that delayed correct diagnosis and tick removal. CONCLUSION: @entity11325 should be added to and quickly excluded from the differential diagnoses of @entity2055 with ascending flaccid @entity912 , especially in @entity1 living in @entity11325 -endemic regions worldwide.

2096439

2096440

2096441

Antipsychotic dose-sparing effect with addition of XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To describe a case of an antipsychotic-sparing effect achieved after the addition of @entity3393 to the regimen of a @entity1 with severe @entity195 and @entity146 . CASE SUMMARY: A 78-year-old white @entity1 with severe @entity195 was receiving @entity1090 2 mg 3 times daily for persistent @entity146 and dangerous @entity146 . @entity3393 was initiated, and the dose was titrated to 10 mg twice daily. The @entity1 's response included improvement in functional status and resolution of problematic behaviors, allowing repeated reduction of the @entity1090 dose and ultimate discontinuation. DISCUSSION: Antipsychotics are often employed to treat @entity146 for @entity1 with @entity195 ; however, the adverse effect potential of these agents remains a significant concern. Adjunctive medications that maintain or improve behavioral symptoms yet allow an antipsychotic-sparing effect are attractive. Such experiences have previously been described with other drug classes, but clinical experience is evolving with @entity3393 . For this @entity1 , the effect of this agent on behavioral symptoms and @entity1090 requirements is one example of such an antipsychotic-sparing effect. CONCLUSIONS: Response to @entity3393 therapy may include behavioral improvements allowing a dose-sparing effect of antipsychotic medication. Changes in psychoactive drug burden may be a valuable surrogate marker of @entity3393 's effects on behavior.

2096442

2096443

2096444

Spatial location and requirements for the assembly of the XXXX type IV secretion apparatus.

multiple_choice

Type IV secretion is used by pathogenic microorganisms to transfer effector macromolecules to eukaryotic target cells. The VirB/D4 apparatus of @entity3261 transfers DNA and proteins to plant cells. We postulated that the cell pole is the site of assembly of the A. tumefaciens type IV apparatus. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we now demonstrate that 10 of the VirB proteins localized primarily to one cell pole and a macromolecular VirB complex is assembled at the pole. Neither the assembly of the complex nor polar localization of a VirB protein requires @entity855 utilization by the VirB ATPases. The requirement of other VirB proteins for the polar localization of at least six VirB proteins indicates an essential role of protein-protein interaction in polar targeting. Four proteins ( @entity67979 , @entity55426 , @entity55422 , and @entity55427 ) could target themselves to a cell pole independent of a VirB protein. We provide evidence that @entity67980 -VirB10 are the structural components of the type IV apparatus. Using strains that express defined subsets of the virB genes, we demonstrate that @entity67981 are the minimum components sufficient for the assembly of a polar VirB complex. @entity67980 associates with this complex to form the type IV secretion apparatus. @entity55422 functions as the assembly factor and targets the apparatus to the cell pole.

2096445

2096446

2096447

Quantification of Pathologic Air Trapping in Lung Transplant XXXX Using CT Density Mapping: Comparison with Other CT Air Trapping Measures.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: To determine whether @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) is more accurate for detection and quantification of pathologic air trapping (pAT) in @entity1 after lung transplantation compared to other CT air trapping measures. One-hundred forty-seven lung and heart-lung transplant recipients underwent CT-examinations at functional residual capacity (FRC) and total lung capacity (TLC) and PFT six months after lung transplantation. Quantification of air trapping was performed with the threshold-based method in expiration (EXP), @entity2101 ( @entity2101 ) and the expiratory to inspiratory ratio of the mean lung density (E/I-ratio @entity8431 ). A non-rigid registration of inspiration-expiration CT-data with a following voxel-to-voxel mapping was carried out for @entity2101 . Systematic variation of attenuation ranges was performed for EXP and @entity2101 and correlated with the ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC) by Spearman rank correlation test. @entity1129 was considered pathologic if RV/TLC was above the 95th percentile of the predicted upper limit of normal values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. The optimal attenuation range for the EXP method was from -790 HU to -950 HU (EXP-790 to -950HU) (r = 0.524, p<0.001) to detect air trapping. Within the segmented @entity358 , @entity1129 was best defined as voxel difference less than 80 HU between expiration and registered inspiration using the @entity2101 method. @entity2101 correlated best with RV/TLC (r = 0.663, p<0.001). @entity2101 and E/I-ratio @entity8431 showed a larger AUC (0.78; 95% CI 0.69-0.86; 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.85) than EXP -790 HU to -950 HU (0.71, 95% CI 0.63-0.78). @entity2101 and E/I-ratio @entity8431 showed better correlation with RV/TLC and are more suited quantitative CT-methods to detect pAT in lung transplant @entity1 than the EXP-790HU to -950HU.

2096448

2096449

2096450

Minimally invasive XXXX with metaphyseal extension: A series of 13 cases.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: To evaluate objective and subjective outcomes after minimally invasive @entity174 with metaphyseal extension, we retrospectively evaluated 13 @entity1 with unstable distal radius @entity174 with metaphyseal extension, treated by minimally invasive volar locked plating. @entity1 ' average age was 41 years. Two volar incisions, 2 to 3cm long, were made; indirect reduction was performed and a volar locked T-plate was placed submuscularly under fluoroscopy guidance. Twelve @entity174 healed after an average of 2.46 months; one @entity1 needed revision due to a new injury. The plate had to be removed in one @entity1 . On X-rays, radial height averaged 12.78mm, radial inclination averaged 21.34 and volar tilt averaged 8.22 . Flexion averaged 75 , extension 71.5 , pronation 82.08 and supination 83.08 . Grip strength averaged 83.75% of the contralateral wrist. The DASH score averaged 13.91 points and @entity158 assessed on VAS averaged 0.92 points. In unstable distal radius @entity174 with metaphyseal extension, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis using volar locked plates led to good reduction and stable fixation, with @entity158 levels, and good functional and esthetic results. Indirect reduction techniques, fluoroscopy, and restoration of radial length, rotation and alignment, are necessary to achieve these outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

2096451

2096452

2096453

Interrelated buccal fat pad with XXXX and parotid duct.

multiple_choice

The @entity2103 are vulnerable during manipulation of the buccal fat pad. The aim of this study is to describe the precise anatomical interrelation among the buccal fat @entity2103 , and parotid duct. Nineteen hemifaces of Korean cadavers (11 male and 8 female) fixed in 10% @entity406 solution were dissected. An average 3.6 buccal branches of the facial nerve were found. The @entity717 and parotid duct crossed each other within a semicircle with a 30-mm radius. The base (diameter) is parallel to a horizontal line passing the @entity2133 and 12 mm above. Its center is located 53 mm lateral to it. The buccal branches of the facial nerve have two locations at the buccal fat pad: Type I, branches crossing superficial to the buccal fat pad in 14 of 19 (73.7%) specimens; and Type II, two twigs passing through buccal extension of the buccal fat pad in 5 of 19 (26.3%). An interrelation of parotid duct and buccal fat pad is as follows: parotid duct crossing superficial to the buccal extension of buccal fat pad in 8 of 19 (42.1%) specimens, crossing deep to the buccal extension of buccal fat pad in 5 of 19 (26.3%) specimens and crossing along the superior border of the buccal extension of buccal fat pad in 6 of 19 (31.6%) specimens. There is a 26.3% chance of @entity14705 . The parotid duct runs deep to the buccal extension of buccal fat pad in 26.3% of cases.

2096454

2096455

2096456

Unusual late XXXX of sagittal split osteotomy of the mandibular ramus.

multiple_choice

Intraoperative or early @entity455 are not uncommon problems in sagittal split osteotomies of the mandibular ramus; however, reports of late complications are considerably rarer. Here, we present two @entity1 who sustained late @entity455 after the sagittal split osteotomy. The first @entity1 had a delayed @entity548 , which presented itself as a rapidly expanding swelling of the left cheek from the left external carotid artery 18 days postoperatively. During exploration, a 2 mm laceration of the external carotid artery located just proximal to the bifurcation of the internal maxillary artery and the superficial temporal artery was successfully repaired. The prominent bony spike of the cut end of medial cortex of the set-back mandibular ramus was found against the arterial wall and could possibly have caused the progressive @entity39 of the wall with subsequent spontaneous @entity397 . The second @entity1 suffered from a mild noise in the right ear 2 weeks after the initial surgery; however, a pre-auricular arteriovenous fistula between the right external carotid artery and the external jugular vein was discovered 1 year postoperatively. The diagnosis was confirmed by angiography, and the lesion was treated successfully by therapeutic embolization at that time. To avoid @entity1317 , sufficient protection of the soft tissue during exposure of the mandibular ramus is mandatory. In addition, the direction of the cut of medial cortex is suggested to avoid the cranialward inclination that creates a sharp, bony end against the artery. Awareness of the possible late @entity455 to facilitate early detection and management is also important.

2096457

2096458

2096459

Correlation of diffusion MRI with the Ki-67 index in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the association between the minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCmin) and Ki-67, an index for cellular proliferation, in @entity1149 . Also, we aimed to assess whether ADCmin values differ between @entity5 subtypes and tissue sampling method. METHODS: The @entity1 who had diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) were enrolled retrospectively. The correlation between ADCmin and the Ki-67 index was evaluated. RESULTS: Ninety three @entity1 , with a mean age 65 11 years, with histopathologically proven @entity420 and @entity957 of the lungs and had technically successful DW-MRI were included in the study. The numbers of @entity5 subtypes were 47 for @entity420 and 46 for @entity957 . There was a good negative correlation between ADCmin values and the Ki-67 proliferation index (r = -0.837, p < 0.001). The mean ADCmin value was higher and the mean Ki-67 index was lower in @entity420 compared to @entity957 (p < 0.0001). There was no statistical difference between tissue sampling methods. CONCLUSIONS: Because ADCmin shows a good but negative correlation with Ki-67 index, it provides an opportunity to evaluate @entity5 and their @entity146 and may be helpful in the differentiation of subtypes non-invasively.

2096460

2096461

2096462

Improved XXXX management outcomes with continuous infusion of a local anesthetic after thoracotomy.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the effectiveness of an incisional infusion of local anesthetics through a continuous-infusion elastomeric pump for the management of @entity282 after thoracotomy. METHODS: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis of 110 @entity1 undergoing thoracotomies between November 1999 and March 2003. @entity282 management with a continuous-infusion elastomeric pump providing local anesthetic into the incisional area was compared with a single-shot epidural in combination with continuous local anesthetic infusion and continuous thoracic epidural infusion. Data sources were reviewed for mean narcotic use, @entity158 score, and complications. RESULTS: After thoracotomy procedures, 38 @entity1 received the ON-Q Pain Relief System (I-Flow Corp, Lake Forest, @entity2948 ), 32 received the ON-Q device and single-shot epidural infusion, and 40 received continuous epidural infusion. Demographic attributes, including age, body mass index, and sex were similar between the groups. Preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists status was significantly higher in the ON-Q group compared with that in the other groups (P = .02). Narcotic use and @entity158 scores were significantly reduced in the ON-Q group compared with that in the epidural group at all time points (P < .001). There were no wound-healing complications or @entity281 associated with the use of the pump. CONCLUSION: A continuous infusion of 0.25% @entity1341 at 4 mL/h through the ON-Q elastomeric infusion pump is a safe and effective adjunct in @entity282 management after thoracotomy. The use of the ON-Q Pain Relief System results in @entity4784 and lower @entity158 scores compared with continuous epidural infusion.

2096463

2096464

2096465

Reduction in XXXX in @entity19 by a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110gamma-Specific Inhibitor.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although @entity8 (IRI) can cause delayed graft function, a targeted therapy is not yet available. Because @entity7425 3-kinases (PI3K) p110y and @entity20721 play important roles in immune cell migration and function, we investigated the effects of PI3K p110y- and @entity20721 -specific inhibitors in a @entity19 renal IRI model. METHODS: Renal function was assessed by serum @entity908 and @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Immune cell migration was assessed by flow cytometry and an in vitro cell migration assay using Transwell plates. Gene expression analysis and a multiplex cytokine/chemokine assay were performed to find cytokines/chemokines whose expression was upregulated in renal IRI and affected by p110y-specific inhibitor. RESULTS: The PI3K p110y-specific inhibitor, but not @entity20721 -specific inhibitor, significantly reduced serum @entity908 levels and @entity4295 . These were accompanied by reduced infiltration of B cells and reduced expression of @entity12426 , a @entity14013 ligand, suggesting that p110y plays an important role in B-cell migration toward injured kidneys. An in vitro cell migration assay revealed for the first time that B-cell migration to injured kidney cells and to @entity12426 requires p110y. CONCLUSIONS: p110y-specific inhibitor ameliorates renal IRI by reducing @entity39 and immune cell migration. This inhibitor may have the potential to reduce @entity177 caused by renal IRI.

2096466

2096467

2096468

Reduction in @entity8 in XXXX by a Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase p110gamma-Specific Inhibitor.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although @entity8 (IRI) can cause delayed graft function, a targeted therapy is not yet available. Because @entity7425 3-kinases (PI3K) p110y and @entity20721 play important roles in immune cell migration and function, we investigated the effects of PI3K p110y- and @entity20721 -specific inhibitors in a @entity19 renal IRI model. METHODS: Renal function was assessed by serum @entity908 and @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining. Immune cell migration was assessed by flow cytometry and an in vitro cell migration assay using Transwell plates. Gene expression analysis and a multiplex cytokine/chemokine assay were performed to find cytokines/chemokines whose expression was upregulated in renal IRI and affected by p110y-specific inhibitor. RESULTS: The PI3K p110y-specific inhibitor, but not @entity20721 -specific inhibitor, significantly reduced serum @entity908 levels and @entity4295 . These were accompanied by reduced infiltration of B cells and reduced expression of @entity12426 , a @entity14013 ligand, suggesting that p110y plays an important role in B-cell migration toward injured kidneys. An in vitro cell migration assay revealed for the first time that B-cell migration to injured kidney cells and to @entity12426 requires p110y. CONCLUSIONS: p110y-specific inhibitor ameliorates renal IRI by reducing @entity39 and immune cell migration. This inhibitor may have the potential to reduce @entity177 caused by renal IRI.

2096469

2096470

2096471

Abdominal fat distribution and functional limitations and disability in a biracial cohort: the XXXX Risk in Communities Study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of abdominal fat and @entity28 with functional limitations and disability in late adulthood. DESIGN: Longitudinal, cohort study. @entity1 : African American and white @entity1 and @entity1 aged 45-64 y at baseline with measured waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and body mass index (BMI) who participated in the @entity731 Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study (n = 9416). OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported functional limitations, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) at ages 52-75 y. RESULTS: Waist circumference, WHR, and BMI were positively associated with functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment approximately 9 y later among African American and white @entity1 and @entity1 . For example, in African American @entity1 the odds ratios (95% CI) associated with a one standard deviation (s.d.) increment in waist circumference (13.3 cm) for severe functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment were 2.36 (2.00-2.79), 1.41 (1.25-1.58), and 1.49 (1.34-1.66), respectively. In white @entity1 , the odds ratios (95% CI) were 2.66 (2.39-2.96), 1.60 (1.47-1.74), and 1.42 (1.31-1.53), respectively. Similar associations were found in @entity1 . A 1 s.d. increment in WHR (0.08 U) and BMI (5.06 kg/m2) produced similar results. The associations of waist circumference and WHR with functional limitations and ADL and IADL impairment were attenuated but, in general, remained statistically significant when BMI was added to the models. CONCLUSIONS: Maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding increases in abdominal fat should be investigated for their potential to reduce the risk of functional limitations and disability in an aging population.

2096472

2096473

2096474

Feasibility and acceptability of regular weighing, setting XXXX and providing feedback by community midwives to prevent excess @entity1017 during pregnancy: randomised controlled trial and qualitative study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Regular weighing in pregnant @entity1 is not currently recommended in many countries but has been suggested to prevent @entity1017 . This study aimed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating regular weighing, setting maximum @entity1017 targets and feedback by community midwives. METHODS: Low risk pregnant @entity1 cared for by eight community midwives were randomised to usual care or usual care plus the intervention at 10-14 weeks of pregnancy. The intervention involved community midwives weighing and plotting weight on a @entity1017 chart, setting @entity1017 limit targets, giving brief feedback at each antenatal appointment and encouraging @entity1 to weigh themselves weekly between antenatal appointments. @entity1 and midwives were interviewed about their views of the intervention. The focus of the study was on process evaluation. RESULTS: Community midwives referred 123 @entity1 and 115 were scheduled for their dating scan within the study period. Of these, 84/115 were approached at their dating scan and 76/84 (90.5 %) randomised. Data showed a modest difference favouring the intervention group in the percentage of @entity1 gaining excessive gestational weight (23.5 % versus 29.4 %). The intervention group consistently reported smaller increases in @entity308 and @entity148 scores throughout pregnancy compared with usual care. Most @entity1 commented the intervention was useful in encouraging them to think about their weight and believed it should be part of routine antenatal care. Community midwives felt the intervention could be implemented within routine care without adding substantially to consultation length, thus not perceived as adding substantially to their workload. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was feasible and acceptable to pregnant @entity1 and community midwives and was readily implemented in routine care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN81605162.

2096475

2096476

2096477

Feasibility and acceptability of regular weighing, setting @entity1017 and providing feedback by community midwives to prevent excess XXXX during pregnancy: randomised controlled trial and qualitative study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Regular weighing in pregnant @entity1 is not currently recommended in many countries but has been suggested to prevent @entity1017 . This study aimed to establish the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating regular weighing, setting maximum @entity1017 targets and feedback by community midwives. METHODS: Low risk pregnant @entity1 cared for by eight community midwives were randomised to usual care or usual care plus the intervention at 10-14 weeks of pregnancy. The intervention involved community midwives weighing and plotting weight on a @entity1017 chart, setting @entity1017 limit targets, giving brief feedback at each antenatal appointment and encouraging @entity1 to weigh themselves weekly between antenatal appointments. @entity1 and midwives were interviewed about their views of the intervention. The focus of the study was on process evaluation. RESULTS: Community midwives referred 123 @entity1 and 115 were scheduled for their dating scan within the study period. Of these, 84/115 were approached at their dating scan and 76/84 (90.5 %) randomised. Data showed a modest difference favouring the intervention group in the percentage of @entity1 gaining excessive gestational weight (23.5 % versus 29.4 %). The intervention group consistently reported smaller increases in @entity308 and @entity148 scores throughout pregnancy compared with usual care. Most @entity1 commented the intervention was useful in encouraging them to think about their weight and believed it should be part of routine antenatal care. Community midwives felt the intervention could be implemented within routine care without adding substantially to consultation length, thus not perceived as adding substantially to their workload. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention was feasible and acceptable to pregnant @entity1 and community midwives and was readily implemented in routine care. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN81605162.

2096478

2096479

2096480

Effect of single oral dose of @entity22271 on postprandial @entity4854 in healthy XXXX : A comparative study with @entity12350 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Many of @entity3096 rich natural products found to have a significant influence on postprandial @entity4854 , a major risk factor for @entity6 complications. Enhancement of insulinotropic gut hormones by inhibition of @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) are among the newest strategies for treatments of @entity164 2 @entity6 which thought to be the underlying action through which @entity3096 can reduce postprandial @entity4854 . AIM: This study aim was designed to investigate the potential role of standardized grape seed @entity22271 in controlling postprandial @entity4854 by enhancing the regulatory incretin effect of gut hormones in response to oral and intraperitoneal (I.P) @entity413 load in healthy @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of animals each of six @entity35 were used in this study, which was conducted in March 2013. Groups (II and V) treated with single oral dose of @entity22271 (50 mg/kg), Group III received single oral dose of @entity12350 (40 mg/kg) and Groups (I and IV) treated with vehicle serve as control groups. All treatments were given 30 min before oral or I.P @entity413 load. Blood @entity413 was estimated over 2 h duration at (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120) min from @entity413 load. RESULT: Both @entity22271 and @entity12350 significantly improve @entity4854 induced by oral @entity413 load relative to control. While non-significant changes were achieved by @entity22271 after I.P @entity413 challenge compared to untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that @entity22271 may possess an enhancement of incretin effect of gut peptides, which could be responsible for some of its action on @entity413 homeostasis. This finding may provide an opportunity for further pharmacological studies using more specific models to clarify the possible action of @entity22271 as a natural @entity8238 inhibitor.

2096481

2096482

2096483

Effect of single oral dose of @entity22271 on postprandial XXXX in healthy @entity35 : A comparative study with @entity12350 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Many of @entity3096 rich natural products found to have a significant influence on postprandial @entity4854 , a major risk factor for @entity6 complications. Enhancement of insulinotropic gut hormones by inhibition of @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) are among the newest strategies for treatments of @entity164 2 @entity6 which thought to be the underlying action through which @entity3096 can reduce postprandial @entity4854 . AIM: This study aim was designed to investigate the potential role of standardized grape seed @entity22271 in controlling postprandial @entity4854 by enhancing the regulatory incretin effect of gut hormones in response to oral and intraperitoneal (I.P) @entity413 load in healthy @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of animals each of six @entity35 were used in this study, which was conducted in March 2013. Groups (II and V) treated with single oral dose of @entity22271 (50 mg/kg), Group III received single oral dose of @entity12350 (40 mg/kg) and Groups (I and IV) treated with vehicle serve as control groups. All treatments were given 30 min before oral or I.P @entity413 load. Blood @entity413 was estimated over 2 h duration at (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120) min from @entity413 load. RESULT: Both @entity22271 and @entity12350 significantly improve @entity4854 induced by oral @entity413 load relative to control. While non-significant changes were achieved by @entity22271 after I.P @entity413 challenge compared to untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that @entity22271 may possess an enhancement of incretin effect of gut peptides, which could be responsible for some of its action on @entity413 homeostasis. This finding may provide an opportunity for further pharmacological studies using more specific models to clarify the possible action of @entity22271 as a natural @entity8238 inhibitor.

2096484

2096485

2096486

Effect of single oral dose of XXXX on postprandial @entity4854 in healthy @entity35 : A comparative study with @entity12350 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Many of @entity3096 rich natural products found to have a significant influence on postprandial @entity4854 , a major risk factor for @entity6 complications. Enhancement of insulinotropic gut hormones by inhibition of @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) are among the newest strategies for treatments of @entity164 2 @entity6 which thought to be the underlying action through which @entity3096 can reduce postprandial @entity4854 . AIM: This study aim was designed to investigate the potential role of standardized grape seed @entity22271 in controlling postprandial @entity4854 by enhancing the regulatory incretin effect of gut hormones in response to oral and intraperitoneal (I.P) @entity413 load in healthy @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of animals each of six @entity35 were used in this study, which was conducted in March 2013. Groups (II and V) treated with single oral dose of @entity22271 (50 mg/kg), Group III received single oral dose of @entity12350 (40 mg/kg) and Groups (I and IV) treated with vehicle serve as control groups. All treatments were given 30 min before oral or I.P @entity413 load. Blood @entity413 was estimated over 2 h duration at (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120) min from @entity413 load. RESULT: Both @entity22271 and @entity12350 significantly improve @entity4854 induced by oral @entity413 load relative to control. While non-significant changes were achieved by @entity22271 after I.P @entity413 challenge compared to untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that @entity22271 may possess an enhancement of incretin effect of gut peptides, which could be responsible for some of its action on @entity413 homeostasis. This finding may provide an opportunity for further pharmacological studies using more specific models to clarify the possible action of @entity22271 as a natural @entity8238 inhibitor.

2096487

2096488

2096489

Effect of single oral dose of @entity22271 on postprandial @entity4854 in healthy @entity35 : A comparative study with XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Many of @entity3096 rich natural products found to have a significant influence on postprandial @entity4854 , a major risk factor for @entity6 complications. Enhancement of insulinotropic gut hormones by inhibition of @entity8238 ( @entity8238 ) are among the newest strategies for treatments of @entity164 2 @entity6 which thought to be the underlying action through which @entity3096 can reduce postprandial @entity4854 . AIM: This study aim was designed to investigate the potential role of standardized grape seed @entity22271 in controlling postprandial @entity4854 by enhancing the regulatory incretin effect of gut hormones in response to oral and intraperitoneal (I.P) @entity413 load in healthy @entity35 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five groups of animals each of six @entity35 were used in this study, which was conducted in March 2013. Groups (II and V) treated with single oral dose of @entity22271 (50 mg/kg), Group III received single oral dose of @entity12350 (40 mg/kg) and Groups (I and IV) treated with vehicle serve as control groups. All treatments were given 30 min before oral or I.P @entity413 load. Blood @entity413 was estimated over 2 h duration at (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120) min from @entity413 load. RESULT: Both @entity22271 and @entity12350 significantly improve @entity4854 induced by oral @entity413 load relative to control. While non-significant changes were achieved by @entity22271 after I.P @entity413 challenge compared to untreated control group. CONCLUSION: The result of this study indicated that @entity22271 may possess an enhancement of incretin effect of gut peptides, which could be responsible for some of its action on @entity413 homeostasis. This finding may provide an opportunity for further pharmacological studies using more specific models to clarify the possible action of @entity22271 as a natural @entity8238 inhibitor.

2096490

2096491

2096492

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of XXXX in @entity1 Subjects.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel, non-invasive OCT technique capable of imaging the retinal vasculature. This study aims to evaluate the retinal microvasculature in diabetic @entity1 subjects with OCTA and assess potential clinical applications. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 33 subjects with @entity6 . OCTA was performed on 3 mm * 3 mm sections using a swept-source OCTA prototype and a phase- and intensity-based contrasting algorithm. OCT angiograms were studied with corresponding clinical examination and @entity941 angiograms, when available, to assess accuracy and clinical utility. RESULTS: OCTA was able to demonstrate most clinically relevant vascular changes in subjects with @entity6 , including microaneurysms, @entity455 , some forms of intraretinal fluid, vascular loops, @entity854 , @entity2295 , and @entity2708 -wool spots that were largely consistent with @entity941 angiography. CONCLUSION: OCTA generates high-resolution angiograms that illustrate many of the clinically relevant findings in @entity6 and offers a novel complement or alternative to @entity941 angiography. Although currently an investigational technique, OCTA in combination with standard OCT imaging is at least as good as @entity941 angiography in the evaluation of the macular complications of @entity6 . [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:796-805.].

2096493

2096494

2096495

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography of @entity6 in XXXX Subjects.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a novel, non-invasive OCT technique capable of imaging the retinal vasculature. This study aims to evaluate the retinal microvasculature in diabetic @entity1 subjects with OCTA and assess potential clinical applications. @entity1 AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 33 subjects with @entity6 . OCTA was performed on 3 mm * 3 mm sections using a swept-source OCTA prototype and a phase- and intensity-based contrasting algorithm. OCT angiograms were studied with corresponding clinical examination and @entity941 angiograms, when available, to assess accuracy and clinical utility. RESULTS: OCTA was able to demonstrate most clinically relevant vascular changes in subjects with @entity6 , including microaneurysms, @entity455 , some forms of intraretinal fluid, vascular loops, @entity854 , @entity2295 , and @entity2708 -wool spots that were largely consistent with @entity941 angiography. CONCLUSION: OCTA generates high-resolution angiograms that illustrate many of the clinically relevant findings in @entity6 and offers a novel complement or alternative to @entity941 angiography. Although currently an investigational technique, OCTA in combination with standard OCT imaging is at least as good as @entity941 angiography in the evaluation of the macular complications of @entity6 . [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:796-805.].

2096496

2096497

2096498

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the XXXX Current Activity Form in Korea.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study was undertaken to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the @entity2403 Current Activity Form (BDCAF, version 2006) questionnaire to the Korean language and to evaluate its reliability and validity in a population of Korean @entity1 with @entity2403 ( @entity2403 ). METHODS: A cross-cultural study was conducted among @entity1 with @entity2403 who attended our rheumatology clinic between November 2012 and March 2013. There were 11 males and 35 females in the group. The mean age of the @entity1 was 48.5 years and the mean disease duration was 6.4 years. The first BDCAF questionnaire was completed on arrival and the second assessment was performed 20 minutes later by a different physician. The test-retest reliability was analyzed by computing k statistics. Kappa scores of > 0.6 indicated a good agreement. To assess the validity, we compared the total BDCAF score with the @entity1 's/clinician's perception of disease activity and the Korean version of the @entity2403 Quality of Life (BDQOL). RESULTS: For the test-retest reliability, good agreements were achieved on items such as @entity10 , @entity9645 , erythema, skin pustules, @entity4841 , @entity490 , and @entity294 with @entity1503 per rectum. Moderate agreement was observed for eye and nervous system involvement. We achieved a fair agreement for @entity625 and major vessel involvement. Significant correlations were obtained between the total BDCAF score with the BDQOL and the @entity1 's/clinician's perception of disease activity p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The Korean version of the BDCAF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring current disease activity in Korean @entity2403 @entity1 .

2096499

2096500

2096501

Functional Brain Dysfunction in XXXX with Benign Childhood Epilepsy as Revealed by Graph Theory.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: There is growing evidence that brain networks are altered in @entity302 subjects. In this study, we investigated the functional connectivity and brain network properties of benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes using graph theory. Benign childhood @entity302 with centrotemporal spikes is the most common form of @entity3762 in young @entity1 under the age of 16 years. High-density EEG data were recorded from @entity1 and controls in resting state with eyes closed. Data were preprocessed and spike and spike-free segments were selected for analysis. Phase locking value was calculated for all paired combinations of channels and for five frequency bands ( , , a, @entity8872 ). We computed the degree and small-world parameters-clustering coefficient (C) and path length (L)-and compared the two @entity1 conditions to controls. A higher degree at @entity302 zones during interictal @entity302 spikes (IES) was observed in all frequency bands. Both @entity1 conditions reduced connection at the occipital and right frontal regions close to the @entity302 zone in the a band. The "small-world" features (high C and short L) were deviated in @entity1 compared to controls. A changed from an ordered network in the band to a more randomly organized network in the a band was observed in @entity1 compared to healthy controls. These findings show that the benign @entity302 brain network is disrupted not only at the @entity302 zone, but also in other brain regions especially frontal regions.

2096502

2096503

2096504

Dental Health and the Type of Antipsychotic Treatment in Inpatients with XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIM: This study examined the association between dental conditions in hospitalized @entity1 with @entity1479 -10 @entity161 and type of antipsychotic treatment. Based on the literature suggesting that atypical antipsychotics are thought to be more tolerable than typical antipsychotics, we hypothesized that hospitalized @entity1 with @entity161 treated with atypicals would have better dental health than those treated with typicals alone or with a combination of both (combined group). METHODS: A representative sample of 348 @entity1 (69% males), aged 51.4 (SD=14.5, range 31-58) years, was assessed on the standardized criteria of the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index and component scores. Data on medication were extracted from @entity1 ' electronic medical records. RESULTS: @entity1 treated with typicals had significantly higher DMFT index scores than those who received atypicals (23.5 9.9 vs. 19.0 10.5; p < 0.05), and higher Missing (20.2 11.6 vs. 13.5 11.2; p < 0.01) and lower Filled (1.0 2.4 vs. 2.1 3.9; p < 0.05) teeth component scores. No between-group differences in Decayed component scores were found (2.3 3.4 and 3.4 5.0, respectively; p > 0.05). The combined treatment group was situated in between the typicals and atypicals groups on all measures. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that @entity1 with @entity161 maintained on atypicals have better dental health than @entity1 treated with typicals or with a combination of both. From an oral health perspective, monotherapy with atypicals is superior to both typical and atypical/typical treatments. Although the choice between typical and atypical antipsychotic agents is based mainly on clinical @entity146 efficacy, the benefit of atypicals with regard to dental health should be taken into consideration in clinician's decision making.

2096505

2096506

2096507

Natural history of thyroid nodules in survivors of pediatric XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Survivors of @entity978 and other @entity1 who receive neck irradiation are at increased risk of @entity259 . Ultrasonography provides an inexpensive and non-invasive method of thyroid screening, but the clinical significance of thyroid nodules detected by ultrasound screening is uncertain. PROCEDURE: We reviewed the demographics, clinical characteristics, method of detection, and outcome of @entity1 who developed thyroid nodules after treatment for pediatric @entity978 at our institution. One radiologist reviewed all imaging studies. RESULTS: Sixty-seven @entity1 treated for @entity978 from 1962 to 2001 developed thyroid nodules. The study group represented 9,024 @entity1 -years of follow-up after the diagnosis of @entity978 and 581 @entity1 -years after diagnosis of a thyroid nodule. A median of 10.5 years (range, 0.2-24.8 years) elapsed between the diagnoses of @entity978 and thyroid nodule(s). All but one @entity1 had received neck irradiation for @entity978 , with a median thyroid radiation dose of 35 Gy (range, 12-45 Gy). Thyroid nodules were found to be malignant in seven @entity1 (10%), at a median of 16.2 years (range, 8.4-23.7 years) after diagnosis of @entity978 . Only one @entity5 was found through screening ultrasonography. All @entity1 with @entity259 remained disease-free at 0.4-16.2 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Thyroid nodules are common in @entity978 survivors treated with neck irradiation, but the majority of these lesions have an indolent clinical course and do not undergo malignant transformation. Only @entity1 with a palpable mass or clinical symptoms need more extensive evaluation, including Doppler-flow ultrasonography and fine-needle aspiration.

2096508

2096509

2096510

XXXX : case report and surgical technique.

multiple_choice

@entity3029 account for less than 5% of all dislocations of the scapular belt. Most cases of anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint do not present symptoms. However, some @entity1 may develop chronic anterior instability and remain symptomatic, and surgical treatment is indicated in these cases. There is a scarcity of reports in the literature relating to reconstruction using the long palmar tendon in cases of traumatic anterior instability. Although rare, these injuries deserve rapid diagnosis and efficient treatment in order to avoid future complications. The aim of this report was to report on a case of a motocross competitor who developed chronic traumatic anterior instability of the sternoclavicular joint and underwent surgical reconstruction using the autogenous long palmar tendon. The @entity1 was a 33-year-old @entity1 with a history of anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular subsequent to a fall during a maneuver in a motocross competition. Conservative treatment was instituted initially, consisting of use of a functional sling to treat the symptoms for 3 weeks, along with physiotherapeutic rehabilitation for 3 months. We chose to use a modification of the "figure of eight" technique based on the studies by Spencer and Kuhn. A longitudinal incision of approximately 10 cm was made at the level of the sternoclavicular joint. The graft from the ipsilateral long palmar tendon was passed through the orifices in the form of a modified "figure of eight" and its ends were sutured together. The @entity1 was immobilized using an American sling for 4 weeks. After 6 months of follow-up, the @entity1 no longer presented @entity158 or instability when movement of the sternoclavicular joint was required. Minor discomfort and slight prominence of the sternoclavicular joint continued to be present but did not affect the @entity1 's activities. Thus, the @entity1 was able to return to racing 6 months after the operation. Our study presented a case of chronic anterior dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint that was successfully treated by using a modification of the "figure of eight" reconstruction technique. This technique was shown to be safe and effective, and it allowed the @entity1 to fully return to his sports activities.

2096511

2096512

2096513

Role of PET in XXXX .

multiple_choice

In @entity978 ( @entity978 ), PET imaging should be performed in all @entity1 , particularly in stage I or II disease where change in staging will alter management. For aggressive @entity1893 ( @entity1893 ), PET imaging is valuable to provide a baseline for response evaluation. For indolent @entity1893 , it is concluded that PET imaging is not generally indicated. For @entity978 , a negative FDG-PET scan is highly indicative of long-term, disease-free survival and is particularly useful in the presence of residual CT mass. For aggressive @entity1893 , a positive FDG-PET scan is predictive of disease persistence or recurrence. There is a significant incidence of false-negative FDG-PET scans, which in most cases means minimal @entity66 that cannot be detected by the current instrumentation. For both @entity1893 , early assessment of response appears to be predictive of long-term outcome. Optimal time of FDG-PET scan during therapy needs to be determined. For indolent @entity1893 , the high rate of false-negative FDG-PET scans raises questions to its clinical role in response evaluation. FDG-PET and PET-CT improve primary staging and restaging of @entity706 . Metabolic imaging will be the standard technology for assessment of therapy with documented prognostic value. Imaging during therapy may be valuable to individualize therapeutic protocols and to define chemosensitivity of @entity5 tissue. Minimal @entity66 cannot be detected with current imaging devices.

2096514

2096515

2096516

The association between @entity625 and XXXX is intensified by excessive body weight: Findings from a US national survey, 2005-2012.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity28 and @entity625 are leading chronic conditions, but comorbidity of these conditions and their interaction leading to @entity308 have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which excess body weight effect-modifies the relationship between @entity625 and @entity308 . METHODS: We used the data of 8677 @entity1 and 8820 @entity1 aged 20 or older, who completed a @entity308 screening and general medical condition interview as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2012. @entity308 was ascertained using the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); a PHQ-9 score of 15 or higher was defined as indicative of @entity308 . RESULTS: @entity625 was reported in 26.5% (SE=0.9) of @entity1 and 36.9% (SE=1.4) of @entity1 . The association between @entity308 and @entity625 was not significant among healthy weight @entity1 , but significant among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . The prevalence ratios (PRs) of @entity308 among @entity625 -free @entity1 were 1.00 (reference) for healthy weight, 1.43 (0.85-2.42) for overweight, and 1.99 (1.23-3.23) for @entity28 @entity1 . For @entity1 with @entity625 , the PRs were 1.16 (0.63-2.12) for healthy weight, 3.80 (2.24-6.45) for overweight and 3.73 (2.30-6.05) for @entity28 @entity1 . The intensifying effect from excessive body weight on the association between @entity625 and @entity308 was less salient among @entity1 than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity625 and @entity308 is intensified significantly by increased body weight, in particular, among @entity1 .

2096517

2096518

2096519

The association between XXXX and @entity308 is intensified by excessive body weight: Findings from a US national survey, 2005-2012.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity28 and @entity625 are leading chronic conditions, but comorbidity of these conditions and their interaction leading to @entity308 have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study is to determine the degree to which excess body weight effect-modifies the relationship between @entity625 and @entity308 . METHODS: We used the data of 8677 @entity1 and 8820 @entity1 aged 20 or older, who completed a @entity308 screening and general medical condition interview as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2012. @entity308 was ascertained using the @entity1 Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); a PHQ-9 score of 15 or higher was defined as indicative of @entity308 . RESULTS: @entity625 was reported in 26.5% (SE=0.9) of @entity1 and 36.9% (SE=1.4) of @entity1 . The association between @entity308 and @entity625 was not significant among healthy weight @entity1 , but significant among overweight and @entity28 @entity1 . The prevalence ratios (PRs) of @entity308 among @entity625 -free @entity1 were 1.00 (reference) for healthy weight, 1.43 (0.85-2.42) for overweight, and 1.99 (1.23-3.23) for @entity28 @entity1 . For @entity1 with @entity625 , the PRs were 1.16 (0.63-2.12) for healthy weight, 3.80 (2.24-6.45) for overweight and 3.73 (2.30-6.05) for @entity28 @entity1 . The intensifying effect from excessive body weight on the association between @entity625 and @entity308 was less salient among @entity1 than @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity625 and @entity308 is intensified significantly by increased body weight, in particular, among @entity1 .

2096520

2096521

2096522

Critical evaluation of urine-based PCR assay for diagnosis of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Many approaches were made in recent years to establish urine PCR as a diagnostic tool for @entity3001 , but results are contradictory. In the present study, a standardized protocol spiking urine from healthy donors with a defined amount of whole @entity12732 or @entity12732 DNA was established. The development of a nested real-time PCR targeting ospA enabled a highly sensitive and quantitative analysis of these samples. We show the following. (i) Storage of spiked urine samples for up to 6 months at--20 degrees C had no negative effect on spike recovery. (ii) Centrifugation of 10 ml of urine at 40,000 x g for 30 min resulted in a concentration of both spikes, i.e., whole @entity12732 and DNA. (iii) The inhibition of DNA spike recovery in 48% (11 of 23 samples) of urine samples tested could be attributed to nuclease activity. This was abrogated by alkalizing the urine or by working with the samples on ice. Despite optimized conditions, analysis of urine samples of 12 @entity1 with @entity8831 , the clinical stage considered to be associated with the highest bacterial load, revealed a positive result in only one sample. All 12 samples were negative by an alternative PCR targeting flagellin. The results of our study support doubts that urine is a suitable material for diagnosis of @entity3001 .

2096523

2096524

2096525

Patterns of XXXX Prior to @entity303 in @entity1 with Mild @entity73 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the decline of discrete cognitive domains as individuals progress from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity303 . Thus, the goal of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the cognitive changes underway during the years preceding a diagnosis of probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and to compare these changes to those found in @entity73 @entity1 who do not progress to @entity303 . @entity1 were compared as a function of whether they later converted to @entity195 (n=47) or not (n=74). Cognitive change was assessed prior to the conversion year, using that year as a starting point. A combination of polynomial regression analyses and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of @entity73 for each domain and 2) the differences between non-progressors and those who had converted to @entity195 . The different cognitive domains demonstrated very different patterns of decline in the group of @entity73 progressors. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by a rapid decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for delayed @entity2414 , and spatial memory. In contrast, a gradual linear decline was observed for immediate recall, executive function, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, language in progressors was impaired on all time periods relative to non-progressors, but there was no further change between the first assessments and conversion to @entity195 . Individuals with @entity73 who progress to @entity195 at least two years prior to their @entity303 diagnosis. The pattern of symptom change observed appears to depend upon the cognitive domain and thus, clinical studies should not assume similar rate of decline across domains. In contrast and, apart from verbal memory, the non-progressors present a performance similar to that of healthy older adults.

2096526

2096527

2096528

Patterns of @entity73 Prior to @entity303 in @entity1 with Mild XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the decline of discrete cognitive domains as individuals progress from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity303 . Thus, the goal of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the cognitive changes underway during the years preceding a diagnosis of probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and to compare these changes to those found in @entity73 @entity1 who do not progress to @entity303 . @entity1 were compared as a function of whether they later converted to @entity195 (n=47) or not (n=74). Cognitive change was assessed prior to the conversion year, using that year as a starting point. A combination of polynomial regression analyses and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of @entity73 for each domain and 2) the differences between non-progressors and those who had converted to @entity195 . The different cognitive domains demonstrated very different patterns of decline in the group of @entity73 progressors. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by a rapid decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for delayed @entity2414 , and spatial memory. In contrast, a gradual linear decline was observed for immediate recall, executive function, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, language in progressors was impaired on all time periods relative to non-progressors, but there was no further change between the first assessments and conversion to @entity195 . Individuals with @entity73 who progress to @entity195 at least two years prior to their @entity303 diagnosis. The pattern of symptom change observed appears to depend upon the cognitive domain and thus, clinical studies should not assume similar rate of decline across domains. In contrast and, apart from verbal memory, the non-progressors present a performance similar to that of healthy older adults.

2096529

2096530

2096531

Patterns of @entity73 Prior to XXXX in @entity1 with Mild @entity73 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the decline of discrete cognitive domains as individuals progress from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity303 . Thus, the goal of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the cognitive changes underway during the years preceding a diagnosis of probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and to compare these changes to those found in @entity73 @entity1 who do not progress to @entity303 . @entity1 were compared as a function of whether they later converted to @entity195 (n=47) or not (n=74). Cognitive change was assessed prior to the conversion year, using that year as a starting point. A combination of polynomial regression analyses and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of @entity73 for each domain and 2) the differences between non-progressors and those who had converted to @entity195 . The different cognitive domains demonstrated very different patterns of decline in the group of @entity73 progressors. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by a rapid decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for delayed @entity2414 , and spatial memory. In contrast, a gradual linear decline was observed for immediate recall, executive function, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, language in progressors was impaired on all time periods relative to non-progressors, but there was no further change between the first assessments and conversion to @entity195 . Individuals with @entity73 who progress to @entity195 at least two years prior to their @entity303 diagnosis. The pattern of symptom change observed appears to depend upon the cognitive domain and thus, clinical studies should not assume similar rate of decline across domains. In contrast and, apart from verbal memory, the non-progressors present a performance similar to that of healthy older adults.

2096532

2096533

2096534

Patterns of @entity73 Prior to @entity303 in XXXX with Mild @entity73 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Only a limited number of studies have investigated the decline of discrete cognitive domains as individuals progress from @entity73 ( @entity73 ) to @entity303 . Thus, the goal of this longitudinal study was to evaluate the cognitive changes underway during the years preceding a diagnosis of probable @entity195 ( @entity195 ), and to compare these changes to those found in @entity73 @entity1 who do not progress to @entity303 . @entity1 were compared as a function of whether they later converted to @entity195 (n=47) or not (n=74). Cognitive change was assessed prior to the conversion year, using that year as a starting point. A combination of polynomial regression analyses and mixed ANOVAs assessed 1) the trajectory of @entity73 for each domain and 2) the differences between non-progressors and those who had converted to @entity195 . The different cognitive domains demonstrated very different patterns of decline in the group of @entity73 progressors. A quadratic function, i.e., many years of stable performance followed by a rapid decline just prior to diagnosis, was observed for delayed @entity2414 , and spatial memory. In contrast, a gradual linear decline was observed for immediate recall, executive function, and visuo-spatial abilities. Finally, language in progressors was impaired on all time periods relative to non-progressors, but there was no further change between the first assessments and conversion to @entity195 . Individuals with @entity73 who progress to @entity195 at least two years prior to their @entity303 diagnosis. The pattern of symptom change observed appears to depend upon the cognitive domain and thus, clinical studies should not assume similar rate of decline across domains. In contrast and, apart from verbal memory, the non-progressors present a performance similar to that of healthy older adults.

2096535

2096536

2096537

The value of testicular ultrasound in the prediction of the type and size of XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound (US) is often used for the work-up of testicular pathology. The findings may implicate on its management. However, there is only scant data on the correlation between US findings and @entity5 type and size. Herein, we report on a multicenter study, analyzing these correlations. METHODS: The study included @entity1 who underwent orchiectomy between 2000 and 2010. Their charts were reviewed for US echogeneity, lesion size, pathological dimensions, histology, and the presence of @entity730 , @entity82 , @entity39 and/or @entity5436 . The incidence of these parameters in benign versus malignant lesions and @entity10711 ( @entity10711 ) versus nonseminomatous @entity2971 (NSGCT) was statistically compared. RESULTS: Eighty five @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 71 malignant (43 @entity10711 , 28 NSGCT) and 14 benign. Sonographic lesions were at least 20% smaller than the pathologically determined dimensions in 21 (25%) @entity1 . The ability of US in estimating the size of @entity5 was 71%, compared to 100% of @entity5 (p=0.03), with no significant difference between @entity10711 and NSGCT. Necrosis was more frequent in @entity5 (p=0.03); hypoechogeneity and @entity82 were more frequent in @entity10711 than in NSGCT (p=0.002 and 0.04 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Testis US of malignant lesions underestimates the size in 25% of the cases, a fact that may impact on the decision of testicular sparing surgery. The ultrasonic lesions were eventually proven to be benign in 16% of the cases. Therefore it is advised to apply frozen sections in borderline cases. Hypoechogeneity is more frequent in @entity10711 than NSGCT.

2096538

2096539

2096540

Flexible Ureteroscopic Management of XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscope (F-URS) combined with holmium laser lithotripter in treating @entity1290 in @entity8 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2010 to December 2013, the medical history and charts of sixteen @entity1 (mean age 42.9 11.6 years, range 26-66 years), including 13 males and 3 females were analyzed retrospectively. Mean stone burden was 29 8 mm (range 17-42 mm2). Mean stone digitized surface area (DSA) was 321 94 mm2 (range 180-538 mm2). Under spinal anesthesia in a modified lithotomy position with the head down, rigid ureteroscope was placed firstly into the ureter to reach the level of the pelvis, a zebra guide wire was inserted and following the @entity2003 , an ureteral access sheath was positioned along the guide wire, then passed the URF @entity23446 flexible ureteroscope into the renal cavities over the guidewire. After locating the stones, holmium laser lithotripsy was performed. RESULTS: The average operative time was 92 16 minutes (range 74-127 min.). No major complications were encountered. Ten @entity1 obtained stone-free status with one session, four obtained stone-free status after two sessions. Single session stone-free rate was 62.5%, overall stone-free rate was 87.5%. Two @entity1 have small residual stones in the lower pole. CONCLUSIONS: F-URS combined with holmium laser lithotripter and @entity5648 basket, is safe and effective in dealing with moderate stone diameter (<30 mm) in HSKs with high clearance rates and low complication rates.

2096541

2096542

2096543

The epidemiology of childhood recurrent XXXX in Western countries: a systematic review.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Recurrent @entity490 (RAP) of childhood is a common problem encountered by clinicians. The aim of this study was to systematically review published literature about the prevalence, incidence, natural history, and co-morbid conditions of childhood RAP in western countries. METHODS: A computer-assisted search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Current Contents/Science Edition databases was performed. Study selection criteria included: (1) United States and European population and school-based samples of @entity1 ; (2) diagnostic criteria of RAP; and (3) published in full manuscript form in English. Data were extracted, tabulated, and presented in descriptive form. RESULT: The prevalence of RAP ranged from 0.3 to 19% (median 8.4; IQR 2.3-14.7). Published studies in @entity1 demonstrate a higher prevalence of RAP in females, with the highest prevalence of symptoms between 4 and 6 yr and early adolescence. Identified studies demonstrated associations between RAP and the @entity1 's familial and socioeconomic environment. In addition, childhood RAP was reported to be associated with psychological co-morbidity in childhood and adulthood. Population/school-based studies have not, however, established the incidence of this disorder, what features predict long-standing symptoms, or whether RAP is a risk factor for adult functional @entity29 . CONCLUSION: RAP is a common complaint of childhood with associated familial, psychological, and co-morbid conditions. Epidemiologic studies of RAP in @entity1 may offer information on the evolution of functional @entity29 through the lifespan.

2096544

2096545

2096546

Chinese nurses' use of non-pharmacological methods in @entity1 's XXXX relief.

multiple_choice

AIM: This paper reports a study describing Chinese nurses' use of non-pharmacological methods for relieving 6- to 12-year-old @entity1 's @entity282 and factors related to this. BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological methods are stated to be effective in relieving @entity1 's @entity282 when used independently or in conjunction with medication. However, little is known about the use of these methods by Chinese nurses. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was carried out in 2002 with a convenience sample of 187 nurses working at 12 surgical wards in five hospitals of Fujian Province, China. A Likert-type instrument was used, and the average response rate was 98%. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The most commonly used non-pharmacological methods were giving preparatory information, comforting/reassurance, creating a comfortable environment, distraction, and positioning. Positive reinforcement and helping with daily activities were used less often, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was not used at all. Many nurse background factors were statistically significantly related to their use of @entity158 alleviation methods. Furthermore, many factors limited their use of non-pharmacological methods, the most common being that there were too few nurses for the work that had to be done, followed by nurses' lack of knowledge about @entity158 management. CONCLUSIONS: While Chinese nurses used versatile non-pharmacological methods in school-aged @entity1 's @entity282 relief, there remains a need for more education about @entity158 management and for more frequent use of these methods in clinical care.

2096547

2096548

2096549

Chinese nurses' use of non-pharmacological methods in XXXX 's @entity282 relief.

multiple_choice

AIM: This paper reports a study describing Chinese nurses' use of non-pharmacological methods for relieving 6- to 12-year-old @entity1 's @entity282 and factors related to this. BACKGROUND: Non-pharmacological methods are stated to be effective in relieving @entity1 's @entity282 when used independently or in conjunction with medication. However, little is known about the use of these methods by Chinese nurses. METHODS: A questionnaire survey was carried out in 2002 with a convenience sample of 187 nurses working at 12 surgical wards in five hospitals of Fujian Province, China. A Likert-type instrument was used, and the average response rate was 98%. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS: The most commonly used non-pharmacological methods were giving preparatory information, comforting/reassurance, creating a comfortable environment, distraction, and positioning. Positive reinforcement and helping with daily activities were used less often, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation was not used at all. Many nurse background factors were statistically significantly related to their use of @entity158 alleviation methods. Furthermore, many factors limited their use of non-pharmacological methods, the most common being that there were too few nurses for the work that had to be done, followed by nurses' lack of knowledge about @entity158 management. CONCLUSIONS: While Chinese nurses used versatile non-pharmacological methods in school-aged @entity1 's @entity282 relief, there remains a need for more education about @entity158 management and for more frequent use of these methods in clinical care.

2096550

2096551

2096552

Outbreak of travel-related pontiac XXXX among hotel guests illustrating the need for better diagnostic tests.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity221 ( @entity221 ), a @entity2115 with @entity683 -like symptoms and high attack rates, is rarely reported. Travel-related outbreaks can elude detection because infected @entity1 are often widely removed geographically from the transmission source before illness onset. Thirty-one @entity1 staying at an Illinois hotel during August 9 to 11, 2002, reported @entity683 -like symptoms to local health departments within 24 to 48 hours of checkout. We investigated to identify the cause and source of illness to guide control measures. METHODS: Hotel water samples were collected for culture. A telephone questionnaire detailing illness symptoms and exposures was administered to all who were guests at the hotel from August 9 to 15 (n = 380). A case was defined as onset of @entity221 , @entity10 , and @entity925 in a guest in the 14 days following the hotel stay. @entity1 sera were tested by hemagglutination assay for antibodies to Legionella species. RESULTS: Among 204 questionnaire respondents from 15 states and Canada, 50 met the case definition. Among @entity1 exposed to the swimming pool/whirlpool @entity11028 area, 63% (47 of 75) became ill versus 3% (3 of 110) of unexposed @entity1 (relative risk 23.0, 95% CI 7.4-71.1). Illness risk increased with increasing time exposed to the pool/ @entity11028 . Approximately 95 to 115 bathers per day, two to three times above the usual number, used the @entity11028 during August 9 to 11. Three Legionella species, @entity17553 , L. maceachernii, and L. micdadei, were isolated from @entity11028 filter backwash cultures. Two of 15 ill @entity1 with acute- and convalescent-phase sera had a greater than fourfold rise in antibody titer to L. micdadei. CONCLUSIONS: @entity221 was associated with exposure to a hotel pool/ @entity11028 area. Heavy bather usage likely contributed to a decreased effectiveness of the disinfectant in the whirlpool @entity11028 , possibly promoting bacterial aerosolization. Linking case information from many states is essential in identifying and eliminating the source of disease transmission in travel-related outbreaks of @entity221 . Clinicians should be aware of @entity221 in the differential diagnosis of @entity1 with @entity683 -like symptoms following recent travel, particularly with exposure to a communal-use whirlpool @entity11028 .

2096553

2096554

2096555

Depletion of immunoglobulin M memory B cells is associated with splenic hypofunction in XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: IgM memory B cells that are responsible for the protection against @entity281 by encapsulated bacteria, require the spleen for their generation and/or survival. Since the association between @entity29 and functional hyposplenism is well described, our aim was to verify whether IgM memory B cells mirror the reduced splenic function in @entity30 and @entity31 @entity1 . METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were obtained from 32 @entity30 and 29 @entity31 @entity1 , 33 healthy controls, and 27 splenectomized @entity1 . Perendoscopic intestinal biopsies were also collected from 15 of 32 @entity30 @entity1 , 14 of 29 @entity31 @entity1 and 13 of 33 control subjects. Counting of erythrocytes with @entity66 (pitted red cells) was used as an indicator of splenic function and flow cytometry was performed to analyze both peripheral and mucosal B cells. RESULTS: Twelve of 32 @entity30 @entity1 and 13 of 29 @entity31 @entity1 had pitted red cell values >4% and were considered to be hyposplenic. In @entity29 @entity1 circulating IgM memory B cells were significantly lower than in control subjects. We observed a significant inverse correlation between the frequency of circulating IgM memory B cell and the pitted red cell values in @entity29 @entity1 with hyposplenism. To exclude the possibility that the reduction of circulating IgM memory B cells reflected their recruitment in the inflamed bowel mucosa, lamina propria B-cell populations were also characterized. We found that the frequency of IgM memory B cells was similar in the blood and in the lamina propria of the same @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that peripheral IgM memory B cells are reduced in @entity29 @entity1 and this defect seems to be related to the @entity73 .

2096556

2096557

2096558

[Thinness and XXXX in @entity1 from Amsterdam: a trend analysis and forecast].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the trends in prevalence of moderate and severe @entity14968 , @entity2973 and @entity28 in @entity1 living in Amsterdam between 2009 and 2013 and estimate prevalences for 2020. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. METHOD: 158,730 measurements of height and weight of 112,405 @entity1 from Amsterdam were analysed. Moderate @entity14968 , severe @entity14968 , @entity2973 and @entity28 were determined using international BMI cut-off values. Trends were analysed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for two age groups: pre-schoolers (2 and 3 years) and school-aged @entity1 (5, 10 and 14 years). The 'self-projecting method,' which allowed us to extend former trends into the future, was used to estimate prevalences for 2020. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate @entity14968 increased significantly in both age groups. The prevalence of severe @entity14968 did not change. The prevalences of @entity2973 and @entity28 declined significantly in both age groups. These trends were most evident in @entity1 of Dutch origin. Other ethnic groups also showed declining prevalences but not in both age groups or both categories of @entity2973 . The prognosis for 2020 shows a further decline in the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 and an increase in the prevalence of @entity14968 . CONCLUSION: A decline in the prevalences of @entity2973 and @entity28 was observed in Amsterdam @entity1 , including @entity1 of Turkish and Moroccan origin. The prevalence rates are still high, so investing in prevention remains necessary. The prevalence of moderate @entity14968 also seems to be increasing. Continued monitoring of @entity1 in all BMI classes is therefore important.

2096559

2096560

2096561

[Thinness and @entity2973 in XXXX from Amsterdam: a trend analysis and forecast].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the trends in prevalence of moderate and severe @entity14968 , @entity2973 and @entity28 in @entity1 living in Amsterdam between 2009 and 2013 and estimate prevalences for 2020. DESIGN: Historical cohort study. METHOD: 158,730 measurements of height and weight of 112,405 @entity1 from Amsterdam were analysed. Moderate @entity14968 , severe @entity14968 , @entity2973 and @entity28 were determined using international BMI cut-off values. Trends were analysed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) for two age groups: pre-schoolers (2 and 3 years) and school-aged @entity1 (5, 10 and 14 years). The 'self-projecting method,' which allowed us to extend former trends into the future, was used to estimate prevalences for 2020. RESULTS: The prevalence of moderate @entity14968 increased significantly in both age groups. The prevalence of severe @entity14968 did not change. The prevalences of @entity2973 and @entity28 declined significantly in both age groups. These trends were most evident in @entity1 of Dutch origin. Other ethnic groups also showed declining prevalences but not in both age groups or both categories of @entity2973 . The prognosis for 2020 shows a further decline in the prevalence of @entity2973 and @entity28 and an increase in the prevalence of @entity14968 . CONCLUSION: A decline in the prevalences of @entity2973 and @entity28 was observed in Amsterdam @entity1 , including @entity1 of Turkish and Moroccan origin. The prevalence rates are still high, so investing in prevention remains necessary. The prevalence of moderate @entity14968 also seems to be increasing. Continued monitoring of @entity1 in all BMI classes is therefore important.

2096562

2096563

2096564

Biofilm-defective mutants of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Many bacteria can adopt organized, sessile, communal lifestyles. The gram-positive bacterium, @entity3881 ,forms biofilms on solid surfaces and at air-liquid interfaces, and biofilm development is dependent on environmental conditions. We demonstrate that biofilm formation by @entity3881 JH642 can be either activated or repressed by @entity413 , depending on the growth medium used, and that these @entity413 effects are at least in part mediated by the catabolite control protein, CcpA. Starting with a chromosomal Tn917-LTV3 insertional library, we isolated mutants that are defective for biofilm formation. The biofilm defects of these mutants were observable in both rich and minimal media, and both on @entity2634 abiotic surfaces and in borosilicate tubes. Two mutants were defective in flagellar synthesis. Chemotaxis was shown to be less important for biofilm formation than was flagellar-driven motility. Although motility is known to be required for biofilm formation in other bacteria, this had not previously been demonstrated for @entity3881 . In addition, our study suggests roles for @entity2227 synthase, GltAB, and an aminopeptidase, AmpS. The loss of these enzymes did not decrease growth or cellular motility but had dramatic effects on biofilm formation under all conditions assayed. The effect of the gltAB defect on biofilm formation could not be due to a decrease in @entity10949 synthesis since this polymer proved to be nonessential for robust biofilm formation. High exogenous concentrations of @entity2227 , @entity492 , @entity1160 or @entity1521 did not override the @entity2227 synthase requirement. This is the first report showing that @entity2227 synthase and a cytoplasmic aminopeptidase play roles in bacterial biofilm formation. Possible mechanistic implications and potential roles of biofilm formation in other developmental processes are discussed.

2096565

2096566

2096567

Safety considerations of adjuvant therapy in early XXXX in postmenopausal @entity1 .

multiple_choice

Because of its proven efficacy profile based on long-term data, @entity440 has been the standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-sensitive early @entity0 for the past 30 years. However, there is well-established evidence that long-term use of @entity440 is associated with serious side effects. As adjuvant endocrine therapy is generally administered for long periods of time, the safety and tolerability of agents used in this setting are of particular importance. Due to their superior efficacy over @entity440 , newer agents, such as the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs), are already established therapies for the treatment of @entity0 . In addition, recent trials indicate that the AI @entity13558 ('Arimidex') has improved efficacy compared with @entity440 in the adjuvant setting in postmenopausal @entity1 . The other third-generation AIs have reported disease-free survival benefits but not in the absence of prior treatment with @entity440 ; @entity4672 ('Femara') has been compared with placebo following 5 years of @entity440 therapy and @entity17082 ('Aromasin') has been compared with @entity440 following 2-3 years of prior treatment with @entity440 . Long-term safety data show that @entity13558 also has a more favorable overall safety profile compared with @entity440 , particularly in terms of life-threatening events such as @entity1204 and @entity1031 . @entity13558 alone, therefore, provides a new option for adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone-receptor-positive early @entity0 . The AIs have differing pharmacological profiles, which may translate into dissimilar adverse event profiles in the adjuvant treatment setting, but @entity1 follow-up in most trials is relatively short to make a valid comparison. It cannot, therefore, be assumed that all AIs will be equally well tolerated in the adjuvant setting. Further data on the long-term safety of AIs other than @entity13558 are therefore required to allow overall risk:benefit assessments on these agents to be made.

2096568

2096569

2096570

Safety considerations of adjuvant therapy in early @entity0 in postmenopausal XXXX .

multiple_choice

Because of its proven efficacy profile based on long-term data, @entity440 has been the standard adjuvant endocrine therapy for hormone-sensitive early @entity0 for the past 30 years. However, there is well-established evidence that long-term use of @entity440 is associated with serious side effects. As adjuvant endocrine therapy is generally administered for long periods of time, the safety and tolerability of agents used in this setting are of particular importance. Due to their superior efficacy over @entity440 , newer agents, such as the third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs), are already established therapies for the treatment of @entity0 . In addition, recent trials indicate that the AI @entity13558 ('Arimidex') has improved efficacy compared with @entity440 in the adjuvant setting in postmenopausal @entity1 . The other third-generation AIs have reported disease-free survival benefits but not in the absence of prior treatment with @entity440 ; @entity4672 ('Femara') has been compared with placebo following 5 years of @entity440 therapy and @entity17082 ('Aromasin') has been compared with @entity440 following 2-3 years of prior treatment with @entity440 . Long-term safety data show that @entity13558 also has a more favorable overall safety profile compared with @entity440 , particularly in terms of life-threatening events such as @entity1204 and @entity1031 . @entity13558 alone, therefore, provides a new option for adjuvant therapy in postmenopausal @entity1 with hormone-receptor-positive early @entity0 . The AIs have differing pharmacological profiles, which may translate into dissimilar adverse event profiles in the adjuvant treatment setting, but @entity1 follow-up in most trials is relatively short to make a valid comparison. It cannot, therefore, be assumed that all AIs will be equally well tolerated in the adjuvant setting. Further data on the long-term safety of AIs other than @entity13558 are therefore required to allow overall risk:benefit assessments on these agents to be made.

2096571

2096572

2096573

@entity1577 and XXXX : selection, timing, and outcome.

multiple_choice

Of the nearly 30,000 @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 alive in the United States, more than 300 die each year. Of @entity1577 deaths at least 75% are from @entity1576 due to @entity4595 . @entity1577 @entity1 make up about 40% of the @entity1 undergoing bilateral transplant. Because of the shortage of donor organs relative to the demand for them, it is important to choose candidates who are in the "transplant window.'' International criteria have been developed to assist in proper selection of potential candidates, but new data suggest that some refinement of current criteria may improve this process. Appropriate prognostic models, however, are not yet completely validated. @entity4595 @entity1 are usually evaluated according to the same protocols as @entity1577 @entity1 because no large studies exist that would allow us to derive separate prognostic indicators. Outcomes for @entity1577 @entity1 are comparable to those for other diagnoses, except in the case of living donor recipients, which are slightly lower. @entity1577 @entity1 may face particular @entity8 and some immunosuppression complications possibly related to their underlying disease process. In addition, @entity1577 @entity1 seem to be at particular risk of @entity1071 .

2096574

2096575

2096576

XXXX and @entity4595 : selection, timing, and outcome.

multiple_choice

Of the nearly 30,000 @entity1577 ( @entity1577 ) @entity1 alive in the United States, more than 300 die each year. Of @entity1577 deaths at least 75% are from @entity1576 due to @entity4595 . @entity1577 @entity1 make up about 40% of the @entity1 undergoing bilateral transplant. Because of the shortage of donor organs relative to the demand for them, it is important to choose candidates who are in the "transplant window.'' International criteria have been developed to assist in proper selection of potential candidates, but new data suggest that some refinement of current criteria may improve this process. Appropriate prognostic models, however, are not yet completely validated. @entity4595 @entity1 are usually evaluated according to the same protocols as @entity1577 @entity1 because no large studies exist that would allow us to derive separate prognostic indicators. Outcomes for @entity1577 @entity1 are comparable to those for other diagnoses, except in the case of living donor recipients, which are slightly lower. @entity1577 @entity1 may face particular @entity8 and some immunosuppression complications possibly related to their underlying disease process. In addition, @entity1577 @entity1 seem to be at particular risk of @entity1071 .

2096577

2096578

2096579

Incidence of XXXX caused by @entity6425 in rural Zhengding, China: prospective, population-based surveillance.

multiple_choice

Rotavirus is the pathogen most commonly associated with severe @entity1902 in young @entity1 in the @entity1 's Republic of China, yet there are few population-based data on the incidence of @entity6425 . The present study investigated the burden of rotavirus @entity294 and @entity6425 in rural China, according to age. Population-based surveillance was used to study the incidence of @entity6425 among @entity1 <5 years of age in 4 townships of Zhengding County, Hebei Province, China. The total population in the catchment area in 2002 was 75,630 individuals, including 2997 @entity1 aged <5 years. Stool samples were obtained and were tested for rotavirus antigen by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During 2002, a total of 2010 cases of @entity294 were detected among @entity1 <5 years of age. The incidence of treated cases of @entity294 was 671 cases/1000 @entity1 /year for @entity1 <5 years of age, and it was highest for @entity1 <12 months of age (1467 cases/1000 @entity1 /year). The estimated incidence of @entity6425 was 151 cases/1000 @entity1 /year for @entity1 <5 years of age. The highest incidence of @entity6425 was among @entity1 aged 1-2 years (340 cases/1000 @entity1 /year). Widespread immunization of @entity1 against rotavirus before 6 months of age should be considered for the control of rotavirus @entity294 .

2096580

2096581

2096582

Incidence of @entity294 caused by XXXX in rural Zhengding, China: prospective, population-based surveillance.

multiple_choice

Rotavirus is the pathogen most commonly associated with severe @entity1902 in young @entity1 in the @entity1 's Republic of China, yet there are few population-based data on the incidence of @entity6425 . The present study investigated the burden of rotavirus @entity294 and @entity6425 in rural China, according to age. Population-based surveillance was used to study the incidence of @entity6425 among @entity1 <5 years of age in 4 townships of Zhengding County, Hebei Province, China. The total population in the catchment area in 2002 was 75,630 individuals, including 2997 @entity1 aged <5 years. Stool samples were obtained and were tested for rotavirus antigen by use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. During 2002, a total of 2010 cases of @entity294 were detected among @entity1 <5 years of age. The incidence of treated cases of @entity294 was 671 cases/1000 @entity1 /year for @entity1 <5 years of age, and it was highest for @entity1 <12 months of age (1467 cases/1000 @entity1 /year). The estimated incidence of @entity6425 was 151 cases/1000 @entity1 /year for @entity1 <5 years of age. The highest incidence of @entity6425 was among @entity1 aged 1-2 years (340 cases/1000 @entity1 /year). Widespread immunization of @entity1 against rotavirus before 6 months of age should be considered for the control of rotavirus @entity294 .

2096583

2096584

2096585

Epidemiological profile of XXXX in the Republic of Korea: results from prospective surveillance in the Jeongeub District, 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004.

multiple_choice

To facilitate future decisions regarding the usefulness of rotavirus vaccines in the Republic of Korea, active surveillance was conducted in a network of clinics, emergency departments, and hospitals serving Jeongeub District, Korea. @entity1 with @entity294 underwent standard clinical evaluations, and stool specimens were collected to test for the presence of rotavirus. Parents were interviewed to collect demographic and family information. From 1 July 2002 through 30 June 2004, a total of 4106 @entity1 , representing 1 (50%) of every 2 @entity1 <5 years old in the study population, were evaluated for rotavirus @entity294 . Of the 2232 stool specimens obtained throughout the year, 460 (20.6%) were rotavirus positive; however, the monthly prevalence of @entity6425 peaked at 49.5% in February 2004. Of the 460 rotavirus-positive stool specimens, 366 were obtained from @entity1 who visited outpatient clinics, and 94 were obtained from @entity1 who were hospitalized. By extrapolating the proportion of rotavirus-positive @entity1 to all @entity1 with @entity294 in the surveillance system, we calculate that 882 @entity1 in Jeongeub District had @entity6425 (which would predict that there would be 702 associated clinic visits and 180 hospitalizations). Genotyping of rotavirus strains showed that 39% of strains were type G9P[8], 24% were type G1P[8], 17% were type G3P[8], and 13% were type G2P[4]. The incidence of rotavirus @entity294 peaked at age 13-24 months, and 94% of cases occurred during the first 3 years of life. The annual incidence of all @entity6425 -associated outcomes was 56.9 cases/1000 @entity1 <5 years old (95% confidence interval [CI], 51.9-62.2 cases/1000 @entity1 <5 years old). The incidence of @entity6425 -associated hospitalizations was 11.6 cases/1000 @entity1 <5 years old (95% CI, 9.5-14.2 cases/1000 @entity1 <5 years old). In Korea, @entity294 is common during childhood, and the incidence of @entity294 due to @entity6425 suggests that improved programs for the prevention and control of both rotavirus @entity294 and @entity294 due to other causes are needed.

2096586

2096587

2096588

Epidemiology and burden of rotavirus XXXX in Thailand: results of sentinel surveillance.

multiple_choice

@entity294 remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity1 in Thailand, with >1 million cases reported in 2002. In anticipation of the development of vaccines against rotavirus, we evaluated the disease burden associated with @entity6425 in Thai @entity1 and evaluated the rotavirus serotypes now circulating in Thailand. @entity294 surveillance was conducted at 6 Thai hospitals in different geographic areas. Community-based surveillance was conducted in Huaykrajao District, Kanchanaburi Province. During the 24 months of surveillance, 4057 @entity1 were admitted to the 6 participating hospitals, and 1950 stool samples were collected. Of these stool samples, 43% (838) were positive for rotavirus. All rotavirus-positive stool samples were evaluated to identify their serotypes; 54.8% of samples were of serotype G9, which was predominant each year. Other identified rotavirus serotypes included G2, G4, @entity43881 (17.2%, 5.3%, 0.8%, and 0.1% of isolates, respectively). Approximately one-half of the @entity1 hospitalized with rotavirus @entity294 were <1 year old. Community surveillance showed the proportion of cases of rotavirus @entity294 in the community to be much lower than that in the hospitalized population (12.2% vs. 43.0%).

2096589

2096590

2096591

Pediatric XXXX : update.

multiple_choice

@entity1244 in @entity1 is a very common condition. It is being seen more and more by primary care physicians and pediatricians. @entity1 average six to eight colds per year. Of those, 0.5 to 5% will develop a @entity281 . Symptoms of a cold or @entity566 overlap with those of rhinosinusitis in the @entity1 . Distinguishing rhinosinusitis from a cold or @entity566 may be challenging. It is agreed that if cold symptoms are not improving by 7 to 10 days, a @entity281 should be seriously considered. Plain radiographs can be helpful for maxillary @entity1244 especially if an air-fluid level is seen; otherwise, the sensitivity and specificity of plain radiographs are poor. Computed tomography (CT) should not be used for diagnostic purposes. The role of CTis mainly in @entity1 with chronic rhinosinusitis when surgery is being considered. In cases of complicated @entity1244 , a CT scan is necessary. Treatment of most rhinosinusitis cases in @entity1 is medical. Antibiotics constitute the mainstay of medical treatment. Medical treatment should be with an appropriate antibiotic and for at least 14 days. Adjunctive treatment with saline irrigations and topical and systemic decongestants may be helpful. Surgical intervention is necessary for complicated cases and for cases that do not respond to prolonged course of medical management. Currently adenoidectomy and endoscopic sinus surgery are the most common procedures used. @entity1 needing surgical intervention are a small percentage because of the success of medical treatment. When and which surgical procedure to use are discussed in detail.

2096592

2096593

2096594

Motion discrimination in XXXX and @entity195 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Visual processing abilities of @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 were assessed psychophysically using a simple horizontal motion discrimination task that engages the dorsal visual processing stream. METHODS: @entity1 included @entity1 with mild @entity303 with @entity1832 , @entity195 or @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ), without @entity303 with @entity191 , and normal controls. @entity1 indicated the left or right direction of coherently moving dots that were embedded within dynamic visual noise provided by randomly moving dots. The proportion of coherently moving dots was increased or decreased across trials to determine a threshold at which @entity1 could correctly indicate their direction with greater than 80% accuracy. RESULTS: Motion discrimination thresholds of @entity1 with @entity1832 and @entity3602 were comparable and significantly higher (i.e., worse) than those of @entity1 with @entity195 . The thresholds of @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity1 with @entity191 were normal. These results were confirmed in subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with autopsy-confirmed disease. A motion discrimination threshold greater than 0.23 distinguished between @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with 67% sensitivity and 85% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51 in detecting direction of simple horizontal motion suggest that dorsal processing stream dysfunction is greater in @entity1832 and @entity3602 than in @entity195 . Therefore, impaired performance on simple visual motion discrimination tasks that specifically engage occipitoparietal brain regions suggests the presence of Lewy body pathology.

2096595

2096596

2096597

Motion discrimination in @entity1832 and XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Visual processing abilities of @entity1 with @entity1832 ( @entity1832 ) or @entity195 ( @entity195 ) @entity303 were assessed psychophysically using a simple horizontal motion discrimination task that engages the dorsal visual processing stream. METHODS: @entity1 included @entity1 with mild @entity303 with @entity1832 , @entity195 or @entity191 ( @entity191 ) with @entity303 ( @entity3602 ), without @entity303 with @entity191 , and normal controls. @entity1 indicated the left or right direction of coherently moving dots that were embedded within dynamic visual noise provided by randomly moving dots. The proportion of coherently moving dots was increased or decreased across trials to determine a threshold at which @entity1 could correctly indicate their direction with greater than 80% accuracy. RESULTS: Motion discrimination thresholds of @entity1 with @entity1832 and @entity3602 were comparable and significantly higher (i.e., worse) than those of @entity1 with @entity195 . The thresholds of @entity1 with @entity195 and @entity1 with @entity191 were normal. These results were confirmed in subgroups of @entity1 with @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with autopsy-confirmed disease. A motion discrimination threshold greater than 0.23 distinguished between @entity1832 / @entity3602 and @entity195 with 67% sensitivity and 85% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: @entity51 in detecting direction of simple horizontal motion suggest that dorsal processing stream dysfunction is greater in @entity1832 and @entity3602 than in @entity195 . Therefore, impaired performance on simple visual motion discrimination tasks that specifically engage occipitoparietal brain regions suggests the presence of Lewy body pathology.

2096598

2096599

2096600

Effect of a thrombopoietin receptor agonist on use of intravenous immune globulin in @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are new treatments for @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). How one of these agent, @entity31799 , has impacted practice patterns, especially the use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), has not been evaluated outside of clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult @entity3039 @entity1 treated with @entity31799 in four Canadian centers. @entity1 had primary or secondary @entity3039 and were followed for 1 year before starting weekly @entity31799 treatment. We compared IVIG use, clinical outcomes, and cost before and after @entity31799 . RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity3039 received @entity31799 . Median age was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45-63 years) and @entity1 had a median of two prior @entity3039 treatments (IQR, 1-4) including splenectomy (n = 7). Median platelet (PLT) count was 23 * 10(9) before and 124 * 10(9) after @entity31799 . Median duration of @entity31799 treatment was 3.7 months. @entity1 used a median of two IVIG infusions per year before and 0.7 per year after starting @entity31799 (p = 0.16). For @entity1 who received weekly @entity31799 for at least 1 month (n = 19), IVIG infusions were three (IQR, 1-5) per year before and 0.7 (IQR, 0.4-1.6) per year after @entity31799 . Results were squewed by two high IVIG users. Nineteen (66%) @entity1 discontinued @entity31799 treatment during follow-up because of lack of response (n = 8), sustained response (n = 5), @entity137 (n = 4), or response to splenectomy (n = 2). Overall health care costs were similar before and after @entity31799 when concomitant treatments, nursing resources, and hospitalizations were considered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31799 was associated with improved PLT counts and fewer IVIG infusions for most @entity3039 @entity1 . In practice, @entity31799 was generally not continued long term and was cost neutral for overall @entity3039 management.

2096601

2096602

2096603

Effect of a thrombopoietin receptor agonist on use of intravenous immune globulin in XXXX with @entity3039 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Thrombopoietin receptor agonists are new treatments for @entity1 with chronic @entity3039 ( @entity3039 ). How one of these agent, @entity31799 , has impacted practice patterns, especially the use of intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), has not been evaluated outside of clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult @entity3039 @entity1 treated with @entity31799 in four Canadian centers. @entity1 had primary or secondary @entity3039 and were followed for 1 year before starting weekly @entity31799 treatment. We compared IVIG use, clinical outcomes, and cost before and after @entity31799 . RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity1 with @entity3039 received @entity31799 . Median age was 54 years (interquartile range [IQR], 45-63 years) and @entity1 had a median of two prior @entity3039 treatments (IQR, 1-4) including splenectomy (n = 7). Median platelet (PLT) count was 23 * 10(9) before and 124 * 10(9) after @entity31799 . Median duration of @entity31799 treatment was 3.7 months. @entity1 used a median of two IVIG infusions per year before and 0.7 per year after starting @entity31799 (p = 0.16). For @entity1 who received weekly @entity31799 for at least 1 month (n = 19), IVIG infusions were three (IQR, 1-5) per year before and 0.7 (IQR, 0.4-1.6) per year after @entity31799 . Results were squewed by two high IVIG users. Nineteen (66%) @entity1 discontinued @entity31799 treatment during follow-up because of lack of response (n = 8), sustained response (n = 5), @entity137 (n = 4), or response to splenectomy (n = 2). Overall health care costs were similar before and after @entity31799 when concomitant treatments, nursing resources, and hospitalizations were considered. CONCLUSIONS: @entity31799 was associated with improved PLT counts and fewer IVIG infusions for most @entity3039 @entity1 . In practice, @entity31799 was generally not continued long term and was cost neutral for overall @entity3039 management.

2096604

2096605

2096606

Positioning and spinal bracing for @entity158 relief in metastatic XXXX in adults.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on @entity1 positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for @entity158 relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic @entity1745 .Many @entity1 with metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) have spinal instability, but their clinician has determined that due to their advanced disease they are unsuitable for surgical internal fixation. Mobilising may be hazardous in the presence of spinal instability as further @entity891 can occur. Current guidance on positioning (whether a @entity1 should be managed with bed rest or allowed to mobilise) and whether spinal bracing is helpful, is contradictory. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correct positioning and examine the effects of spinal bracing to relieve @entity158 or to prevent further @entity891 in @entity1 with MSCC. SEARCH METHODS: For this update, we searched for relevant studies from February 2012 to 31 March 2015. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, TRIP, SIGN, NICE, UK Clinical Research Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse and PEDro database. We also searched the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT), ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Trials Gateway (UKCTG), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).For the original version, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CANCERLIT, NICE, SIGN, AMED, TRIP, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and PEDro database, in February 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with MSCC of interventions on positioning (mobilisation) and bracing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed each possible study for inclusion and quality. MAIN RESULTS: For the original version of the review, we screened 1611 potentially relevant studies. No studies met the inclusion criteria. Many papers identified the importance of mobilisation, but no RCTs of bed rest versus mobilisation have been undertaken. We identified no RCTs of bracing in MSCC.For this update, we identified 347 potential titles. We screened 300 titles and abstracts after removal of duplicates. We did not identify any additional studies for inclusion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Since publication of the original version of this review, no new studies were found and our conclusions remain unchanged.There is a lack of evidence-based guidance around how to correctly position and when to mobilise @entity1 with MSCC or if spinal bracing is an effective technique for reducing @entity158 or improving quality of life. RCTs are required in this important area.

2096607

2096608

2096609

Positioning and spinal bracing for XXXX relief in metastatic @entity1745 in adults.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on @entity1 positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for @entity158 relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic @entity1745 .Many @entity1 with metastatic @entity1745 (MSCC) have spinal instability, but their clinician has determined that due to their advanced disease they are unsuitable for surgical internal fixation. Mobilising may be hazardous in the presence of spinal instability as further @entity891 can occur. Current guidance on positioning (whether a @entity1 should be managed with bed rest or allowed to mobilise) and whether spinal bracing is helpful, is contradictory. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the correct positioning and examine the effects of spinal bracing to relieve @entity158 or to prevent further @entity891 in @entity1 with MSCC. SEARCH METHODS: For this update, we searched for relevant studies from February 2012 to 31 March 2015. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE and MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, TRIP, SIGN, NICE, UK Clinical Research Network, National Guideline Clearinghouse and PEDro database. We also searched the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (mRCT), ClinicalTrials.gov, UK Clinical Trials Gateway (UKCTG), WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) and Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).For the original version, we searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CANCERLIT, NICE, SIGN, AMED, TRIP, National Guideline Clearinghouse, and PEDro database, in February 2012. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of adults with MSCC of interventions on positioning (mobilisation) and bracing. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently assessed each possible study for inclusion and quality. MAIN RESULTS: For the original version of the review, we screened 1611 potentially relevant studies. No studies met the inclusion criteria. Many papers identified the importance of mobilisation, but no RCTs of bed rest versus mobilisation have been undertaken. We identified no RCTs of bracing in MSCC.For this update, we identified 347 potential titles. We screened 300 titles and abstracts after removal of duplicates. We did not identify any additional studies for inclusion. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Since publication of the original version of this review, no new studies were found and our conclusions remain unchanged.There is a lack of evidence-based guidance around how to correctly position and when to mobilise @entity1 with MSCC or if spinal bracing is an effective technique for reducing @entity158 or improving quality of life. RCTs are required in this important area.

2096610

2096611

2096612

MicroRNA-203 negatively regulates XXXX , @entity1366 phosphorylation, and proliferation in smooth muscle cells.

multiple_choice

The nonreceptor @entity4149 kinase @entity1861 has a role in regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation, which contributes to the development of airway remodeling in chronic @entity565 . MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs. Previous analysis suggests that @entity20157 is able to bind to the 3' UTR of @entity1 @entity1861 mRNA. In this report, treatment with @entity20157 attenuated the expression of @entity1861 mRNA and protein in @entity1 airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Furthermore, transfection with an @entity20157 inhibitor enhanced the expression of @entity1861 at mRNA and protein levels in HASM cells. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced the proliferation and @entity1366 phosphorylation in HASM cells. Exposure to @entity20157 attenuated the PDGF-stimulated proliferation and @entity1366 phosphorylation in HASM cells. The expression of @entity1861 at protein and mRNA levels was higher in asthmatic HASM cells, whereas the level of @entity20157 was reduced in asthmatic HASM cells as compared to control HASM cells. Taken together, our present results suggest that @entity20157 is a negative regulator of @entity1861 expression in smooth muscle cells. @entity20157 regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation by controlling @entity1861 expression, which in turn modulates the activation of @entity1366 .

2096613

2096614

2096615

MicroRNA-203 negatively regulates @entity1861 , XXXX phosphorylation, and proliferation in smooth muscle cells.

multiple_choice

The nonreceptor @entity4149 kinase @entity1861 has a role in regulating smooth muscle cell proliferation, which contributes to the development of airway remodeling in chronic @entity565 . MicroRNAs (miRs) are small noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by binding to complementary sequences in the 3' untranslated regions (3' UTR) of target mRNAs. Previous analysis suggests that @entity20157 is able to bind to the 3' UTR of @entity1 @entity1861 mRNA. In this report, treatment with @entity20157 attenuated the expression of @entity1861 mRNA and protein in @entity1 airway smooth muscle (HASM) cells. Furthermore, transfection with an @entity20157 inhibitor enhanced the expression of @entity1861 at mRNA and protein levels in HASM cells. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) induced the proliferation and @entity1366 phosphorylation in HASM cells. Exposure to @entity20157 attenuated the PDGF-stimulated proliferation and @entity1366 phosphorylation in HASM cells. The expression of @entity1861 at protein and mRNA levels was higher in asthmatic HASM cells, whereas the level of @entity20157 was reduced in asthmatic HASM cells as compared to control HASM cells. Taken together, our present results suggest that @entity20157 is a negative regulator of @entity1861 expression in smooth muscle cells. @entity20157 regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation by controlling @entity1861 expression, which in turn modulates the activation of @entity1366 .

2096616

2096617

2096618

Subtype prediction in pediatric XXXX : classification using differential network rank conservation revisited.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: One of the most important application spectrums of transcriptomic data is @entity5 phenotype classification. Many characteristics of transcriptomic data, such as redundant features and technical artifacts, make over-fitting commonplace. Promising classification results often fail to generalize across datasets with different sources, platforms, or preprocessing. Recently a novel differential network rank conservation (DIRAC) algorithm to characterize @entity5 phenotypes using transcriptomic data. DIRAC is a member of a family of algorithms that have shown useful for disease classification based on the relative expression of genes. Combining the robustness of this family's simple decision rules with known biological relationships, this systems approach identifies interpretable, yet highly discriminate networks. While DIRAC has been briefly employed for several classification problems in the original paper, the potentials of DIRAC in @entity5 phenotype classification, and especially robustness against artifacts in transcriptomic data have not been fully characterized yet. RESULTS: In this study we thoroughly investigate the potentials of DIRAC by applying it to multiple datasets, and examine the variations in classification performances when datasets are (i) treated and untreated for batch effect; (ii) preprocessed with different techniques. We also propose the first DIRAC-based classifier to integrate multiple networks. We show that the DIRAC-based classifier is very robust in the examined scenarios. To our surprise, the trained DIRAC-based classifier even translated well to a dataset with different biological characteristics in the presence of substantial batch effects that, as shown here, plagued the standard expression value based classifier. In addition, the DIRAC-based classifier, because of the integrated biological information, also suggests pathways to target in specific subtypes, which may enhance the establishment of personalized therapy in diseases such as @entity3052 . In order to better comprehend the prediction power of the DIRAC-based classifier in general, we also performed classifications using publicly available datasets from @entity0 . Furthermore, multiple well-known classification algorithms were utilized to create an ideal test bed for comparing the DIRAC-based classifier with the standard gene expression value based classifier. We observed that the DIRAC-based classifier greatly outperforms its rival. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our experiments with multiple datasets, we propose that DIRAC is a promising solution to the lack of generalizability in classification efforts that uses transcriptomic data. We believe that superior performances presented in this study may motivate other to initiate a new aline of research to explore the untapped power of DIRAC in a broad range of @entity5 types.

2096619

2096620

2096621

[Health campaign for XXXX prevention].

multiple_choice

The goal of the campaign "plus leben", a project designed to run for at least 5 years, is to heighten the awareness of @entity1 at risk of @entity299 and to provide them with an appropriate prevention program. During the first two years of the campaign 20,000 visitors were registered on the homepage, 400,000 tests for risk of @entity299 were distributed, and more than 3,000 health information brochures were requested. Thus, a survey of @entity1 was designed to provide information on the extent to which preventive measures are effective. The survey, which was carried out by mail, had a response rate of 28%, or 230 @entity1 . In the random sample, consisting of about 60% @entity1 and 40% @entity1 , only 16% are younger than 50 years of age. Thus the survey provides a representative picture of the affected target group. The test for risk of @entity299 provided by "plus leben" led to an increase in awareness of preventive measures in more than two thirds of the respondents, and 60% also completed the test. Although only a fourth of the @entity1 are regularly informed by their physician about preventive measures, the campaign has led about 90% of the respondents to make fundamental or at least partial changes in their lifestyle. In connection with the study it was shown that the media play an important role in providing information on preventive measures. Communication in the doctor's office as an important building block in raising @entity1662 about @entity731 prevention could be further improved.

2096622

2096623

2096624

Diagnostic significance of reduced serum caeruloplasmin concentration in XXXX .

multiple_choice

This study covers @entity1 seen at a @entity2360 clinic between 1960 and 2002. The diagnosis of @entity2360 was confirmed in 316. Of 40 @entity1 with a neurological presentation who were found not to have the disease, caeruloplasmin concentration was found to be reduced in 19. These 19 @entity1 comprised 17 @entity1 and 2 @entity1 . The various diagnoses included @entity2033 , @entity15 , subacute @entity8300 ( @entity8300 ), @entity7929 , and acaeruloplasminemia; in 9 no definite diagnosis was made. In view of the marked male preponderance, the lower limit of caeruloplasmin is calculated as for males. In an earlier study this was found to be 33.3 mg/dl (standard deviation, 6.1 mg/dl); therefore, 21.1 mg/dl is taken as the lower limit of normal. Particular attention is paid to 3 @entity1 , 2 of whom had zero concentrations of caeruloplasmin and 1 had a very low level of the protein. Only 1 of these @entity1 conformed to the classical picture of acaeruloplasminemia. The significance of a low caeruloplasmin concentration in @entity1 with a variety of @entity16 is not clear but can lead to diagnostic @entity911 . When the concentration of this protein is very low or absent the diagnosis of acaeruloplasminemia must be considered.

2096625

2096626

2096627

A symbiosis expressed non-ribosomal peptide synthetase from a mutualistic fungal endophyte of XXXX confers protection to the symbiotum from insect herbivory.

multiple_choice

While much is known about the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi their biological role is often less clear. The assumption is these pathways have adaptive value to the organism but often the evidence to support this role is lacking. We provide the first genetic evidence that the fungal produced secondary metabolite, @entity67982 , protects a host plant from insect herbivory. @entity67982 is a potent insect feeding deterrent synthesized by Epichlo /Neotyphodium mutualistic endophytes in association with their grass hosts. The structure of @entity67982 , a @entity67983 , suggests that it is the product of a reaction catalysed by a two-module non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Candidate sequences for a @entity67982 synthetase were amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Four unique NRPS products were identified, two of which were preferentially expressed in planta. One of these hybridized to known @entity67982 producing strains. This clone was used to isolate an Epichlo festucae cosmid that contained a two-module NRPS, designated perA. Nine additional genes, which show striking conservation of microsynteny with @entity12069 and other fungal genomes, were identified on the perA-containing cosmid. Associations between @entity5369 and an E. festucae mutant deleted for perA lack detectable levels of @entity67982 . A wild-type copy of perA complemented the deletion mutant, confirming that perA is a NRPS required for @entity67982 biosynthesis. In a choice bioassay, plant material containing the perA mutant was as susceptible to Argentine stem weevil (ASW) (Listronotus bonariensis) feeding damage as endophyte-free plants confirming that @entity67982 is the E. festucae metabolite responsible for ASW feeding deterrent activity.

2096628

2096629

2096630

XXXX Attenuate Cardiac Autonomic Responses to Musical Auditory Stimulation: Pilot Study.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Context The literature presents contradictory results regarding the effects of contraceptives on cardiac autonomic regulation. Objective The research team aimed to evaluate the effects of musical auditory stimulation on cardiac autonomic regulation in @entity1 who use @entity7280 . Design The research team designed a transversal observational pilot study. Setting The setting was the Centro de Estudos do Sistema Nervoso Aut nomo (CESNA) in the Departamento de Fonoaudiologia at the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) in Mar lia, SP, Brazil. @entity1 @entity1 were 22 healthy nonathletic and nonsedentary females, all nonsmokers and aged between 18 and 27 y. Interventions @entity1 were divided into 2 groups: (1) 12 @entity1 who were not taking @entity7280 , the control group; and (2) 10 @entity1 who were taking @entity7280 , the oral contraceptive group. In the first stage, a rest control, the @entity1 sat with their earphones turned off for 20 min. After that period, the @entity1 were exposed to 20 min of classical baroque music (ie, "Canon in D Major," Johann Pachelbel), at 63-84 dB. Outcome Measures Measurements of the equivalent sound levels were conducted in a soundproof room, and the intervals between consecutive heartbeats (R-R intervals) were recorded, with a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. For calculation of the linear indices, the research team used software to perform an analysis of heart rate variability (HRV). Linear indices of HRV were analyzed in the time domain: (1) the standard deviation of normal-to-normal R-R intervals (SDNN), (2) the root-mean square of differences between adjacent normal R-R intervals in a time interval (RMSSD), and (3) the percentage of adjacent R-R intervals with a difference of duration greater than 50 ms (pNN50). The study also analyzed the frequency domain-low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio. Results For the control group, the musical auditory stimulation reduced (1) the SDNN from 52.2 10 ms to 48.4 16 ms (P = .0034); (2) the RMSSD from 45.8 22 ms to 41.2 19 ms (P = .0128); (3) the pNN50 from 25.5 19 to 22.0 18 (P = .0211); and (4) the LF (ms2) from 954.8 457 ms2 to 686.2 491 ms2 (P = .0024). In the oral contraceptive group, no significant changes occurred for the HRV indices during exposure to music. Conclusions Musical auditory stimulation had a greater influence on cardiac autonomic regulation in @entity1 who did not use @entity7280 .

2096631

2096632

2096633

Duration of anticoagulation following XXXX : a meta-analysis.

multiple_choice

CONTEXT: @entity1 with @entity1211 ( @entity1211 ) are susceptible to recurrent events, but whether prolonging anticoagulation is warranted in @entity1 with @entity1211 remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: To review the available evidence and quantify the risks and benefits of extending the duration of anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity1211 . DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBase Pharmacology, the Cochrane database, clinical trial Web sites, and a hand search of reference lists. STUDY SELECTION: Included studies were randomized controlled trials with results published from 1969 through 2004 and evaluating the duration of anticoagulation in @entity1 with @entity1211 that measured recurrent @entity1211 . Excluded studies were those enrolling only pure populations of high-risk @entity1 . Two independent reviewers assessed each article for inclusion and exclusion criteria, with adjudication by a third reviewer in cases of disagreement. Fifteen of 67 studies were included in the analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Two independent reviewers performed data extraction using a standardized form, with adjudication by the remainder of the investigators in cases of disagreement. Data regarding recurrent @entity1211 , major @entity548 , @entity1 -time at risk, and study quality were extracted. DATA SYNTHESIS: If @entity1 in the long-term therapy group remained receiving anticoagulation, the risk of recurrent @entity1211 with long- vs short-term therapy was reduced (weighted incidence rate, 0.020 vs 0.126 events/ @entity1 -year; rate difference, -0.106 [95% confidence interval {CI}, -0.145 to -0.067]; P<.001; pooled incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.21 [95% CI, 0.14 to 0.31]; P<.001). If anticoagulation in the long-term therapy group was discontinued, the risk reduction was less pronounced (weighted incidence rate, 0.052 vs 0.072 events/ @entity1 -year; rate difference, -0.020 [95% CI, -0.039 to -0.001]; P = .04; pooled IRR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.53 to 0.91]; P = .009). The risk of major @entity548 with long- vs short-term therapy was similar (weighted incidence rate, 0.011 vs 0.006 events/ @entity1 -year; rate difference, 0.005 [95% CI, -0.002 to 0.011]; P = .14; pooled IRR, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.72 to 4.51]; P = .21). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 who receive extended anticoagulation are protected from recurrent @entity1211 while receiving long-term therapy. The clinical benefit is maintained after anticoagulation is discontinued, but the magnitude of the benefit is less pronounced.

2096634

2096635

2096636

ER-stress of Kupffer cells involved in the conversion of natural regulatory T cells to Th17 cells in XXXX -reperfusion injury.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Our previous studies have shown that regulatory T cells (Tregs) are reduced and Th17 cells are elevated in liver insults. Recent studies have indicated the critical role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress of Kupffer cells (KCs) in evoking @entity409 following reperfusion. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of ER stress of KCs in the conversion of Tregs to Th17 cells and the effect on @entity409 -reperfusion injury (IRI). METHODS: The partial warm liver IRI @entity19 model was adopted. ER stress of KCs and the frequency of Tregs and Th17 cells following reperfusion were analyzed. Apart from depletion and adoptive transfer of KCs, KCs were isolated from ischemic lobes and co-cultured with Tregs to study the effect of KCs on Tregs and Th17 cells. RESULTS: It was found that KCs induced ER stress, decreased natural Tregs (nTregs), and increased Th17 cells after reperfusion. Depletion of KCs modulated the reduction of nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells. Co-culture with stressed KCs led to the reduction in nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells. This effect was suppressed by anti- @entity777 ( @entity777 ). Adoptive transfer of these stressed KCs resulted in the reduction in nTregs and elevation of Th17 cells, and caused @entity99 . CONCLUSION: ER stress of KCs contributed to the conversion of nTregs to Th17 cells due to @entity777 , resulting in the worsening of liver insult. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

2096637

2096638

2096639

Diagnostic and prognostic values of admission procalcitonin levels in XXXX in an @entity1213 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity1904 (PCT) has been studied for several years in @entity166 . Some studies have focused on @entity497 ( @entity497 ) but only one was conducted in critically ill @entity1 hospitalized in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: To determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of PCT in @entity1 admitted in an @entity1213 for severe @entity497 , 110 @entity1 hospitalized in our unit were prospectively studied. Within 48 hours following @entity1213 admission, PCT serum level was measured with a quantitative method above a threshold value of 0.5 ng/ml. RESULTS: Initially focusing on the diagnostic value of PCT, 20% of the @entity1 had a serum PCT level <0.5 ng/ml, 30% between 0.5 ng/ml and 2 ng/ml, and 50%>/=2 ng/ml. Serum PCT level was higher in microbiologically documented @entity497 (median=4.9 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml if no bacteria were found; p=0.001), but was not predictive of any specific bacterial agent. Concerning the prognostic value, the serum PCT level was higher for bacteremic @entity1 and/or @entity326 @entity1 (4.9 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml; p=0.0003). Moreover, PCT levels were increased in @entity1 who developed, during their @entity1213 stay, @entity281 ( @entity326 , acute @entity649 and @entity5642 ). Finally, the initial PCT level was significantly higher in @entity1 who died during the @entity1213 stay (5.6 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml; p<0.0001). Such a relationship was not found with @entity1851 (CRP). CONCLUSION: In @entity1213 @entity1 admitted for severe @entity497 , initial PCT values could be an interesting predictor for complications and mortality.

2096640

2096641

2096642

Diagnostic and prognostic values of admission procalcitonin levels in @entity497 in an XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity1904 (PCT) has been studied for several years in @entity166 . Some studies have focused on @entity497 ( @entity497 ) but only one was conducted in critically ill @entity1 hospitalized in an @entity1213 ( @entity1213 ). @entity1 AND METHODS: To determine the diagnostic and prognostic role of PCT in @entity1 admitted in an @entity1213 for severe @entity497 , 110 @entity1 hospitalized in our unit were prospectively studied. Within 48 hours following @entity1213 admission, PCT serum level was measured with a quantitative method above a threshold value of 0.5 ng/ml. RESULTS: Initially focusing on the diagnostic value of PCT, 20% of the @entity1 had a serum PCT level <0.5 ng/ml, 30% between 0.5 ng/ml and 2 ng/ml, and 50%>/=2 ng/ml. Serum PCT level was higher in microbiologically documented @entity497 (median=4.9 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml if no bacteria were found; p=0.001), but was not predictive of any specific bacterial agent. Concerning the prognostic value, the serum PCT level was higher for bacteremic @entity1 and/or @entity326 @entity1 (4.9 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml; p=0.0003). Moreover, PCT levels were increased in @entity1 who developed, during their @entity1213 stay, @entity281 ( @entity326 , acute @entity649 and @entity5642 ). Finally, the initial PCT level was significantly higher in @entity1 who died during the @entity1213 stay (5.6 ng/ml vs 1.5 ng/ml; p<0.0001). Such a relationship was not found with @entity1851 (CRP). CONCLUSION: In @entity1213 @entity1 admitted for severe @entity497 , initial PCT values could be an interesting predictor for complications and mortality.

2096643

2096644

2096645

Proteome Alterations of Hippocampal Cells Caused by XXXX C3 Exoenzyme.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: C3bot from @entity6940 is a bacterial mono- @entity857 -ribosylating enzyme, which transfers an @entity857 - @entity8690 moiety onto the small GTPases Rho A/B/C. C3bot and the catalytic inactive mutant (C3 @entity67984 ) cause axonal and dendritic growth as well as branching in primary hippocampal neurons. In cultured @entity19 hippocampal HT22 cells, protein abundances were analyzed in response to C3bot or C3E174Q treatment using a shotgun proteomics approach. Proteome analyses were performed at four time points over 6 days. More than 4000 protein groups were identified at each time point and quantified in triplicate analyses. On day one, 46 proteins showed an altered abundance, and after 6 days, more than 700 proteins responded to C3bot with an up- or down-regulation. In contrast, C3E174Q had no provable impact on protein abundance. Protein quantification was verified for several proteins by multiple reaction monitoring. Data analysis of altered proteins revealed different cellular processes that were affected by C3bot. They are particularly involved in mitochondrial and lysosomal processes, adhesion, @entity1735 and @entity413 metabolism, signal transduction, and nuclear proteins of translation and ribosome biogenesis. The results of this study gain novel insights into the function of C3bot in hippocampal cells.

2096646

2096647

2096648

Presentation of XXXX and its management with @entity4082 alone and in combination with @entity2449 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of presentation of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) in @entity1 presenting at our unit and to compare effects of @entity4082 alone and in combination with @entity2449 in management of @entity3610 . METHODS: This study was conducted from Jan 2001-2003 at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. All @entity1 presenting with @entity249 were evaluated with a view to select 100 @entity1 of @entity3610 with the help of history of oligomenorrhoea, hirsuitism and acne. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography and hormone analysis (LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity251 along with LH:FSH>2). The 100 selected @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. One was given combined @entity4082 (CC) and @entity2449 for ovulation induction and the other CC alone. These @entity1 were followed for six cycles for ovulation and conception. Follicle tracking on ultrasonography and day-21 serum @entity1420 level were used to detect ovulation while conception was confirmed by urine pregnancy test, serum B-HCG level and ultrasonography for gestational sac. RESULTS: Hirsuitism and oligomenorrhoea were the two most common clinical features of @entity3610 . In the first group 34 @entity1 (68%) ovulated as compared with 18 (36%) in the second group. In the first group 18 out of 34 @entity1 (52.9%) conceived as compared with only 8 out of 18 (44%) in the second group. The difference was significant at >0.05 when ovulatory and pregnancy responses were compared among two groups. All @entity1 tolerated @entity2449 well and no teratogenic effects were observed in @entity1 who conceived after treatment with @entity2449 . CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity2449 and @entity4082 significantly increases the ovulation and conception rates in these @entity1 .

2096649

2096650

2096651

Presentation of @entity3610 and its management with XXXX alone and in combination with @entity2449 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of presentation of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) in @entity1 presenting at our unit and to compare effects of @entity4082 alone and in combination with @entity2449 in management of @entity3610 . METHODS: This study was conducted from Jan 2001-2003 at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. All @entity1 presenting with @entity249 were evaluated with a view to select 100 @entity1 of @entity3610 with the help of history of oligomenorrhoea, hirsuitism and acne. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography and hormone analysis (LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity251 along with LH:FSH>2). The 100 selected @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. One was given combined @entity4082 (CC) and @entity2449 for ovulation induction and the other CC alone. These @entity1 were followed for six cycles for ovulation and conception. Follicle tracking on ultrasonography and day-21 serum @entity1420 level were used to detect ovulation while conception was confirmed by urine pregnancy test, serum B-HCG level and ultrasonography for gestational sac. RESULTS: Hirsuitism and oligomenorrhoea were the two most common clinical features of @entity3610 . In the first group 34 @entity1 (68%) ovulated as compared with 18 (36%) in the second group. In the first group 18 out of 34 @entity1 (52.9%) conceived as compared with only 8 out of 18 (44%) in the second group. The difference was significant at >0.05 when ovulatory and pregnancy responses were compared among two groups. All @entity1 tolerated @entity2449 well and no teratogenic effects were observed in @entity1 who conceived after treatment with @entity2449 . CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity2449 and @entity4082 significantly increases the ovulation and conception rates in these @entity1 .

2096652

2096653

2096654

Presentation of @entity3610 and its management with @entity4082 alone and in combination with XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine the pattern of presentation of @entity3610 ( @entity3610 ) in @entity1 presenting at our unit and to compare effects of @entity4082 alone and in combination with @entity2449 in management of @entity3610 . METHODS: This study was conducted from Jan 2001-2003 at Military Hospital, Rawalpindi. All @entity1 presenting with @entity249 were evaluated with a view to select 100 @entity1 of @entity3610 with the help of history of oligomenorrhoea, hirsuitism and acne. Diagnosis was confirmed by ultrasonography and hormone analysis (LH, FSH, prolactin, @entity251 along with LH:FSH>2). The 100 selected @entity1 were divided into two equal groups. One was given combined @entity4082 (CC) and @entity2449 for ovulation induction and the other CC alone. These @entity1 were followed for six cycles for ovulation and conception. Follicle tracking on ultrasonography and day-21 serum @entity1420 level were used to detect ovulation while conception was confirmed by urine pregnancy test, serum B-HCG level and ultrasonography for gestational sac. RESULTS: Hirsuitism and oligomenorrhoea were the two most common clinical features of @entity3610 . In the first group 34 @entity1 (68%) ovulated as compared with 18 (36%) in the second group. In the first group 18 out of 34 @entity1 (52.9%) conceived as compared with only 8 out of 18 (44%) in the second group. The difference was significant at >0.05 when ovulatory and pregnancy responses were compared among two groups. All @entity1 tolerated @entity2449 well and no teratogenic effects were observed in @entity1 who conceived after treatment with @entity2449 . CONCLUSION: A combination of @entity2449 and @entity4082 significantly increases the ovulation and conception rates in these @entity1 .

2096655

2096656

2096657

Association between Dietary Patterns and the Indicators of XXXX among Chinese: A Cross-Sectional Study.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: No previous study has investigated dietary pattern in association with @entity28 risk in a middle-aged Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of @entity28 in the city of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, east China. In this cross-sectional study of 2560 subjects aged 45-60 years, dietary intakes were evaluated using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). All anthropometric measurements were obtained using standardized procedures. The partial correlation analysis was performed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine the associations between dietary patterns and @entity28 , with adjustment for potential confounders. Four major dietary patterns were extracted by means of factor analysis: animal food, traditional Chinese, western fast-food, and high-salt patterns. The animal food pattern was positively associated with BMI (r = 0.082, 0.144, respectively, p < 0.05) and WC (r = 0.102, 0.132, respectively, p < 0.01), and the traditional Chinese pattern was inversely associated with BMI (r = -0.047, -0.116, respectively, p < 0.05) and WC (r = -0.067, -0.113, respectively, p < 0.05) in both genders. After controlling for potential confounders, subjects in the highest quartile of animal food pattern scores had a greater odds ratio for @entity1144 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.188-2.340; p < 0.01), in comparison to those from the lowest quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile of the traditional Chinese pattern, the highest quartile had a lower odds ratio for @entity1144 (OR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.441-0.901, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that the animal food pattern was associated with a higher risk of @entity1144 , while the traditional Chinese pattern was associated with a lower risk of @entity1144 . Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings.

2096658

2096659

2096660

Assessment of the short-term effect of antispastic positioning on XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: This study was performed in order to investigate the effect of antispastic positioning on @entity508 by using different assessment methods. METHODS: A total of 16 @entity1 (11 males [68.75%] and five females [31.25%]), diagnosed as @entity508 and referred to the School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Paediatric Rehabilitation Unit for treatment, were included in this study. The mean age of @entity1 was 6.43 +/- 1.99 years (range, 4-13 years). Passive dorsi-flexion movement was measured by using goniometer and intensity of @entity508 was determined by using Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) and electromyography. For the objective measurement of severity of @entity508 , Hoffman reflex (H) and Hoffman reflex/motor response (H/M) ratios were used. @entity1 were placed in an antispastic position for 20 min. The @entity1 was placed in a sitting position, by a physiotherapist, with @entity572 at a 45 degrees angle and externally rotated, knees extended, and ankles placed in a neutral position. RESULTS: The decrease in H responses, H/M ratios, MAS values and the increase in goniometric measurement values were found statistically significant after antispastic positioning (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our study supports that antispastic positioning can be used with neurodevelopmental treatment approaches when it is required. Antispastic positioning may help exercises to be performed more easily, and also has importance in a home exercise program to prevent @entity1159 and joint limitation in @entity1 with long-term @entity306 .

2096661

2096662

2096663

The binding site in {beta}2-glycoprotein I for XXXX ' on platelets is located in domain V.

multiple_choice

The @entity1701 is caused by autoantibodies directed against @entity9500 ( @entity9500 ). Dimerization of @entity9500 results in an @entity1423 to collagen. We found that apolipoprotein E receptor 2' ( @entity24945 '), a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family, is involved in activation of platelets by dimeric @entity9500 . To identify which domain of dimeric @entity9500 interacts with @entity24945 ', we have constructed domain deletion mutants of dimeric @entity9500 , lacking domain I (DeltaI), II (DeltaII), or V (DeltaV), and a mutant with a @entity67985 substitution in the phospholipid (PL)-insertion loop of domain V. DeltaI and DeltaII prolonged the clotting time, as did full-length dimeric @entity9500 ; DeltaV had no effect on the clotting time. Second, DeltaI and DeltaII bound to anionic PL, comparable with full-length dimeric @entity9500 . DeltaV and the @entity67985 mutant bound with decreased affinity to anionic PL. Platelet adhesion to collagen increased significantly when full-length dimeric @entity9500 , DeltaI, or DeltaII (mean increase 150%) were added to whole blood. No increase was found with plasma @entity9500 , DeltaV, or the @entity67985 mutant. Immunoprecipitation indicated that full-length dimeric @entity9500 , DeltaI, DeltaII, and the @entity67985 mutant can interact with @entity24945 ' on platelets. DeltaV did not associate with @entity24945 '. We conclude that domain V is involved in both binding @entity9500 to anionic PL and in interaction with @entity24945 ' and subsequent activation of platelets. The binding site in @entity9500 for interaction with @entity24945 ' does not overlap with the hydrophobic insertion loop in domain V.

2096664

2096665

2096666

A multicenter study of 705 XXXX treated with Guglielmi detachable coils.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The long-term durability of Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization of @entity438 is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability of anatomic occlusion of @entity439 treated with GDCs and assess the rate of recanalization and re-treatment. METHODS: A multicenter study involving 650 @entity1 with 705 @entity1756 treated with GDCs between January 1998 to May 2003 was conducted. During this period, 63% of @entity1756 were treated by the endovascular technique. The morbidity and mortality associated with this technique, procedural feasibility, acute angiographic occlusion results, and long-term angiographic follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: Overall technical feasibility of GDC treatment was 96.9%. Upon admission, 25% of @entity1 were Hunt and Hess grade IV or V. Acute angiographic results in 683 @entity439 demonstrated @entity432 in 496 cases (72.6%), @entity432 in 171 cases (25.%), and @entity432 in 16 cases (2.4%). All @entity1 were controlled by angiography and MR imaging at 3 months, 1 year, and subsequent yearly examinations post-treatment. A second treatment was performed in 27 cases (recanalization, 4.7%). Long-term follow-up angiograms (mean, 36 months) were obtained in 571 @entity439 (95%). Of them, 422 @entity439 (73.9%) demonstrated complete occlusion, 148 @entity439 (25.9%) demonstrated @entity432 , and only 1 @entity439 was @entity2300 . Overall mortality was 11.4% for all @entity1 , with procedural mortality evaluated at 1.4%. Overall morbidity was calculated at 8.6%. Only one rebleeding occurred in our study, with a second procedure performed without vital consequences for the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our multicenter study confirms the stability of @entity439 with GDC, with only 4.7% of @entity439 requiring re-treatment.

2096667

2096668

2096669

Intra-arterial high-dose chemotherapy with XXXX as part of a palliative treatment concept in @entity5 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity5 of the oral cavity often present with advanced @entity5 stages, distant @entity3 , or severe comorbidities, which render radical surgery unfeasible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response rate, technical feasibility, and safety of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy as palliative treatment in this situation. METHODS: From November 1997 to December 2003, 64 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity957 , classified as inoperable, received IA high-dose chemotherapy with @entity900 as a palliative treatment at our institution. To minimize toxic side effects, @entity15451 was given intravenously. Twenty-eight percent of the @entity1 were female; average age was 61.5 years. Clinical staging of @entity5 was TNM ( @entity5 , nodules, @entity3 ) stage IV in 89%, stage III in 6.3% and stage II in 4.7%. After local chemotherapy, additional radiation of the @entity5 area or radiochemotherapy was performed in 33 @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no major @entity532 or severe side effects of IA chemotherapy. After the first cycle, 10% percent of the @entity1 had complete remission (CR), 35% had partial response (PR), and 43.3% presented with stable disease. Mean follow-up interval was 11 +/- 12.9 months. Forty-five @entity1 died after a mean period of 7.6 +/- 7.0 months (median, 5.1 months). The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 29.5% and 18%, respectively. There was a trend toward longer survival in @entity1 who received subsequent radiation or radiochemotherapy after IA chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: IA chemotherapy in @entity1 with inoperable @entity1697 as palliative treatment was technically feasible and safe. The overall response rate after IA chemotherapy was 45% (CR 10%; PR 35%). Side effects could be minimized by neutralizing the cytotoxic agent by @entity15451 .

2096670

2096671

2096672

Intra-arterial high-dose chemotherapy with @entity900 as part of a palliative treatment concept in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity1 with @entity5 of the oral cavity often present with advanced @entity5 stages, distant @entity3 , or severe comorbidities, which render radical surgery unfeasible. The purpose of this study was to investigate the response rate, technical feasibility, and safety of intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy as palliative treatment in this situation. METHODS: From November 1997 to December 2003, 64 @entity1 with histologically proven @entity957 , classified as inoperable, received IA high-dose chemotherapy with @entity900 as a palliative treatment at our institution. To minimize toxic side effects, @entity15451 was given intravenously. Twenty-eight percent of the @entity1 were female; average age was 61.5 years. Clinical staging of @entity5 was TNM ( @entity5 , nodules, @entity3 ) stage IV in 89%, stage III in 6.3% and stage II in 4.7%. After local chemotherapy, additional radiation of the @entity5 area or radiochemotherapy was performed in 33 @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no major @entity532 or severe side effects of IA chemotherapy. After the first cycle, 10% percent of the @entity1 had complete remission (CR), 35% had partial response (PR), and 43.3% presented with stable disease. Mean follow-up interval was 11 +/- 12.9 months. Forty-five @entity1 died after a mean period of 7.6 +/- 7.0 months (median, 5.1 months). The overall 1- and 2-year survival rates were 29.5% and 18%, respectively. There was a trend toward longer survival in @entity1 who received subsequent radiation or radiochemotherapy after IA chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: IA chemotherapy in @entity1 with inoperable @entity1697 as palliative treatment was technically feasible and safe. The overall response rate after IA chemotherapy was 45% (CR 10%; PR 35%). Side effects could be minimized by neutralizing the cytotoxic agent by @entity15451 .

2096673

2096674

2096675

Endocardial-epicardial distribution of myocardial perfusion reserve assessed by multidetector computed tomography in symptomatic @entity1 without significant XXXX : insights from the CORE320 multicentre study.

multiple_choice

AIM: Previous animal studies have demonstrated differences in perfusion and perfusion reserve between the subendocardium and subepicardium. 320-row computed tomography (CT) with sub-millimetre spatial resolution allows for the assessment of transmural differences in myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in @entity1 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that MPR in all @entity296 is determined by age, gender, and cardiovascular risk profile in @entity1 with ischaemic symptoms or equivalent but without obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 149 @entity1 enrolled in the CORE320 study with symptoms or signs of @entity296 and absence of significant @entity453 by invasive coronary angiography were scanned with static rest and stress CT perfusion. Myocardial attenuation densities were assessed at rest and during @entity859 stress, segmented into 3 @entity296 and 13 segments. MPR was higher in the subepicardium compared with the subendocardium (124% interquartile range [45, 235] vs. 68% [22,102], P < 0.001). Moreover, MPR in the septum was lower than in the inferolateral and anterolateral segments of the myocardium (55% [19, 104] vs. 89% [37, 168] and 124% [54, 270], P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, high body mass index was significantly associated with reduced MPR in all @entity296 when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In symptomatic @entity1 without significant @entity3979 , distinct differences in endocardial-epicardial distribution of perfusion reserve may be demonstrated with static CT perfusion. Low MPR in all @entity296 was observed specifically in @entity28 @entity1 .

2096676

2096677

2096678

Endocardial-epicardial distribution of myocardial perfusion reserve assessed by multidetector computed tomography in symptomatic XXXX without significant @entity453 : insights from the CORE320 multicentre study.

multiple_choice

AIM: Previous animal studies have demonstrated differences in perfusion and perfusion reserve between the subendocardium and subepicardium. 320-row computed tomography (CT) with sub-millimetre spatial resolution allows for the assessment of transmural differences in myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) in @entity1 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that MPR in all @entity296 is determined by age, gender, and cardiovascular risk profile in @entity1 with ischaemic symptoms or equivalent but without obstructive @entity453 ( @entity453 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 149 @entity1 enrolled in the CORE320 study with symptoms or signs of @entity296 and absence of significant @entity453 by invasive coronary angiography were scanned with static rest and stress CT perfusion. Myocardial attenuation densities were assessed at rest and during @entity859 stress, segmented into 3 @entity296 and 13 segments. MPR was higher in the subepicardium compared with the subendocardium (124% interquartile range [45, 235] vs. 68% [22,102], P < 0.001). Moreover, MPR in the septum was lower than in the inferolateral and anterolateral segments of the myocardium (55% [19, 104] vs. 89% [37, 168] and 124% [54, 270], P < 0.001). By multivariate analysis, high body mass index was significantly associated with reduced MPR in all @entity296 when adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: In symptomatic @entity1 without significant @entity3979 , distinct differences in endocardial-epicardial distribution of perfusion reserve may be demonstrated with static CT perfusion. Low MPR in all @entity296 was observed specifically in @entity28 @entity1 .

2096679

2096680

2096681

Regional function analysis of left atrial appendage using motion estimation CT and risk of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity955 .

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of this article is to determine the association between left atrial appendage (LAA) regional dysfunction using image-based motion-estimation computed tomography (CT) (iME) and a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-centre retrospective case-control study, among @entity1 referred for @entity955 ablation who underwent pre-ablation cardiac CT with retrospective ECG gating, we identified 18 @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 at the time of CT scan and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. All the @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at the time of CT scan. Four-dimensional motion vector field was estimated from the CT images using iME. To assess @entity296 , area change ratio (A) and area change rate (AR) were calculated over the endocardial surface of the LAA. There was no significant difference in the baseline @entity1 characteristics between the @entity64 / @entity4905 group and the control group (67.6 8.1 years old, 66.7% male, 16.7% persistent @entity955 ). LAA maximum (Amax; 23.8 33.0 vs. 52.9 41.2%, P = 0.02) and pre-atrial contraction area change ratio (ApreA; 13.7 17.7 vs. 30.9 29.2%, P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the @entity64 / @entity4905 group than in the control group, respectively. The difference in LAA Amax and ApreA remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: LAA regional dysfunction is associated with @entity64 / @entity4905 in @entity955 @entity1 . Our results offer a basis for a prospective study to determine the role of LAA regional dysfunction by iME in predicting cerebrovascular events such as @entity64 or @entity4905 .

2096682

2096683

2096684

Regional function analysis of left atrial appendage using motion estimation CT and risk of @entity64 in @entity1 with XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of this article is to determine the association between left atrial appendage (LAA) regional dysfunction using image-based motion-estimation computed tomography (CT) (iME) and a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-centre retrospective case-control study, among @entity1 referred for @entity955 ablation who underwent pre-ablation cardiac CT with retrospective ECG gating, we identified 18 @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 at the time of CT scan and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. All the @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at the time of CT scan. Four-dimensional motion vector field was estimated from the CT images using iME. To assess @entity296 , area change ratio (A) and area change rate (AR) were calculated over the endocardial surface of the LAA. There was no significant difference in the baseline @entity1 characteristics between the @entity64 / @entity4905 group and the control group (67.6 8.1 years old, 66.7% male, 16.7% persistent @entity955 ). LAA maximum (Amax; 23.8 33.0 vs. 52.9 41.2%, P = 0.02) and pre-atrial contraction area change ratio (ApreA; 13.7 17.7 vs. 30.9 29.2%, P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the @entity64 / @entity4905 group than in the control group, respectively. The difference in LAA Amax and ApreA remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: LAA regional dysfunction is associated with @entity64 / @entity4905 in @entity955 @entity1 . Our results offer a basis for a prospective study to determine the role of LAA regional dysfunction by iME in predicting cerebrovascular events such as @entity64 or @entity4905 .

2096685

2096686

2096687

Regional function analysis of left atrial appendage using motion estimation CT and risk of @entity64 in XXXX with @entity955 .

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of this article is to determine the association between left atrial appendage (LAA) regional dysfunction using image-based motion-estimation computed tomography (CT) (iME) and a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 ( @entity4905 ) in @entity1 with @entity955 ( @entity955 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this single-centre retrospective case-control study, among @entity1 referred for @entity955 ablation who underwent pre-ablation cardiac CT with retrospective ECG gating, we identified 18 @entity1 with a prior history of @entity64 or @entity4905 at the time of CT scan and 18 age- and gender-matched controls. All the @entity1 were in sinus rhythm at the time of CT scan. Four-dimensional motion vector field was estimated from the CT images using iME. To assess @entity296 , area change ratio (A) and area change rate (AR) were calculated over the endocardial surface of the LAA. There was no significant difference in the baseline @entity1 characteristics between the @entity64 / @entity4905 group and the control group (67.6 8.1 years old, 66.7% male, 16.7% persistent @entity955 ). LAA maximum (Amax; 23.8 33.0 vs. 52.9 41.2%, P = 0.02) and pre-atrial contraction area change ratio (ApreA; 13.7 17.7 vs. 30.9 29.2%, P = 0.04) were significantly lower in the @entity64 / @entity4905 group than in the control group, respectively. The difference in LAA Amax and ApreA remained significant in multivariate analysis (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). CONCLUSION: LAA regional dysfunction is associated with @entity64 / @entity4905 in @entity955 @entity1 . Our results offer a basis for a prospective study to determine the role of LAA regional dysfunction by iME in predicting cerebrovascular events such as @entity64 or @entity4905 .

2096688

2096689

2096690

Walking speed as an aging biomarker in XXXX ( @entity6599 ).

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Walking speed is an important @entity1 aging biomarker. @entity6599 are valuable translational models for aging studies. Establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. We hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in @entity3474 walking speed. METHODS: We studied 33 female @entity6599 aged 5-21 years. Walking speed was calculated by the time to walk between landmarks separated by known distances. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between speed, age, and body weight. RESULTS: Speed negatively associated with age, a relationship enhanced by increased weight (P < 0.0005). For 16-kg animals, speed declined approximately 0.6 cm/s yearly. For each additional kilogram of weight, speed declined an additional 0.3 cm/s yearly. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3474 walking speed declines with age, an effect modulated by weight. Ease of measurement and strong age association make walking speed a valuable biomarker for aging research with this important experimental species.

2096691

2096692

2096693

Walking speed as an aging biomarker in @entity6599 ( XXXX ).

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Walking speed is an important @entity1 aging biomarker. @entity6599 are valuable translational models for aging studies. Establishing whether walking speed is a good aging biomarker has value. We hypothesized there would be characteristic age-related decline in @entity3474 walking speed. METHODS: We studied 33 female @entity6599 aged 5-21 years. Walking speed was calculated by the time to walk between landmarks separated by known distances. A regression model was developed to describe the relationship between speed, age, and body weight. RESULTS: Speed negatively associated with age, a relationship enhanced by increased weight (P < 0.0005). For 16-kg animals, speed declined approximately 0.6 cm/s yearly. For each additional kilogram of weight, speed declined an additional 0.3 cm/s yearly. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3474 walking speed declines with age, an effect modulated by weight. Ease of measurement and strong age association make walking speed a valuable biomarker for aging research with this important experimental species.

2096694

2096695

2096696

Quantification of epicardial and intrathoracic fat volume does not provide an added prognostic value as an adjunct to coronary artery XXXX score and myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography.

multiple_choice

AIMS: To compare the predictive value of epicardial and intrathoracic fat volume (EFV, @entity24926 ), coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) score, and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) myocardial perfusion imaging ( @entity17123 ) for major adverse @entity299 (MACE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Follow-up was obtained in 275 @entity1 with known or suspected @entity453 ( @entity453 ), who underwent @entity17123 including non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) for attenuation correction to evaluate @entity299 and in whom EFV, @entity24926 , and CAC score were calculated from non-contrast CT. Associations between fat volume, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, CAC score, and @entity17123 results were assessed and MACE predictors identified by Cox proportional hazard regression and global (2) statistics. After a median follow-up of 2.9 years, MACE were recorded in 38 @entity1 . In univariate Cox regression analysis, EFV and @entity24926 were predictors of MACE (P = 0.013 and P = 0.004, respectively). In multivariate analysis, EFV and @entity24926 provided incremental predictive value beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). However, after adjustment for CAC score and SPECT- @entity17123 results, EFV and @entity24926 fell short of statistical significance as independent outcome predictors. CONCLUSION: Quantification of EFV and @entity24926 is associated with MACE and may improve risk stratification beyond traditional cardiovascular risk factors. However, once CAC score and/or SPECT- @entity17123 results are known, EFV and @entity24926 do not provide any added clinically relevant prognostic value. Further studies may identify the subpopulation with the largest relative merit of EFV and @entity24926 as an adjunct to SPECT- @entity17123 and CAC score.

2096697

2096698

2096699

Characteristics of penicillinase secretion by growing cells and protoplasts of XXXX .

multiple_choice

Cultures of the inducible penicillinase-producing strain 749 of @entity10948 , induced with small amounts of @entity3397 , synthesized penicillinase at a high rate for a short period, after which the rate of synthesis slowly declined. During the period of active synthesis, the rate of secretion, as a fraction of the level of cell-bound penicillinase (which is originally high), gradually decreased to a constant level. @entity2755 , at a concentration (40 mug/ml) which completely inhibited synthesis of penicillinase, partially inhibited secretion if added during the period of active synthesis. During the phase of reduced synthesis, @entity2755 was without effect on secretion. Penicillinase secretion, by actively growing cultures of the constitutive penicillinase-producing mutant 749/C, was inhibited by 75% immediately after addition of @entity2755 . The secretion of part of the penicillinase released during active growth is probably dependent on synthesis of penicillinase, but part of the secreted penicillinase can be released in the absence of synthesis. Protoplasts were obtained from which periplasmic penicillinase has been removed, and these protoplasts were capable of substantial growth and penicillinase synthesis without lysis. At pH 7.5, there was no net incorporation of penicillinase into the cell membrane; the enzyme released was almost entirely of the exo form and was roughly equivalent to the amount of new enzyme formed. At pH 6.0, there was some incorporation of penicillinase into the plasma membrane, and approximately half of the extracellular penicillinase was in the exo form; the remainder perhaps represented membrane fragments. In the presence of @entity2755 , a small amount of penicillinase was released at pH 7.5 as the exo form; at pH 6.0, practically none was released. We suggest that, with the removal from protoplasts of the periplasmic penicillinase-containing particles, a restriction on secretion has been lifted.