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2096100

2096101

2096102

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau XXXX Extract Inhibits @entity157 in Mice through Upregulation of the Immune Response.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Clinacanthans nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau is a popular medicinal vegetable in Southern Asia, and its extracts have displayed significant anti-proliferative effects on @entity5 cells in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism for this effect has yet to be established. This study investigated the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of C. nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau 30% @entity1068 extract (CN30) in vivo. CN30 was prepared and its main components were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ). CN30 had a significant inhibitory effect on @entity5 volume and weight. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H _ E) staining and TUNEL assay revealed that @entity157 cells underwent significant apoptosis with CN30 treatment, while expression levels of proliferation markers PCNA and p-AKT were significantly decreased when treated with low or high doses of CN30 treatment. Western blot analysis of PAPR, @entity185 , @entity1380 , and @entity1379 also showed that CN30 induced apoptosis in @entity157 cells. Furthermore, intracellular staining analysis showed that CN30 treatment increased the number of IFN-y T cells and decreased the number of IL-4 T cells. Serum IFN-y and @entity2047 levels also significantly improved. Our findings indicated that CN30 demonstrated antitumor properties by up-regulating the immune response, and warrants further evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of @entity5 .

2096103

2096104

2096105

Clinacanthus nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau @entity1068 Extract Inhibits XXXX in Mice through Upregulation of the Immune Response.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Clinacanthans nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau is a popular medicinal vegetable in Southern Asia, and its extracts have displayed significant anti-proliferative effects on @entity5 cells in vitro. However, the underlying mechanism for this effect has yet to be established. This study investigated the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of C. nutans (Burm. f.) Lindau 30% @entity1068 extract (CN30) in vivo. CN30 was prepared and its main components were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity15 / @entity15 ). CN30 had a significant inhibitory effect on @entity5 volume and weight. @entity1710 and @entity1711 (H _ E) staining and TUNEL assay revealed that @entity157 cells underwent significant apoptosis with CN30 treatment, while expression levels of proliferation markers PCNA and p-AKT were significantly decreased when treated with low or high doses of CN30 treatment. Western blot analysis of PAPR, @entity185 , @entity1380 , and @entity1379 also showed that CN30 induced apoptosis in @entity157 cells. Furthermore, intracellular staining analysis showed that CN30 treatment increased the number of IFN-y T cells and decreased the number of IL-4 T cells. Serum IFN-y and @entity2047 levels also significantly improved. Our findings indicated that CN30 demonstrated antitumor properties by up-regulating the immune response, and warrants further evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment and prevention of @entity5 .

2096106

2096107

2096108

[ @entity1503 in XXXX ].

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The clinical and biological manifestations of @entity234 are often confusing, most particularly because it can mimic and lead to a variety of @entity1503 . The aim of this study was to investigate the hematologic abnormalities observed in @entity234 from January 2000 and December 2013. The study included 35 @entity1 with a mean age of 3.5 years. Clinical manifestations were dominated by splenomegaly, fever, and paleness, defining the classic triad in 16% of our @entity1 . @entity417 was present in all @entity1 . @entity1431 was found in 51% of the cases. @entity882 was observed in 48% of our @entity1 and 36% had @entity3043 . All cases were confirmed by the presence of Leishman bodies (amastigotes) in the bone marrow smears. Quantitative and qualitative megakaryocyte abnormalities were found. Similarly, dysgranulopoiesis was observed in 31% of the cases, @entity1712 was present in 6%, @entity10792 in 3%, and @entity1373 in 34%. Different features of @entity11407 were revealed in 71% of the @entity1 with images of hemophagocytosis in 6% and @entity1610 in 9%. The knowledge of these @entity1503 associated with @entity234 can assist us in searching for Leishman bodies in the bone marrow smears to provide a diagnosis more quickly without necessarily resorting to more sophisticated tests.

2096109

2096110

2096111

[ XXXX in @entity234 ].

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The clinical and biological manifestations of @entity234 are often confusing, most particularly because it can mimic and lead to a variety of @entity1503 . The aim of this study was to investigate the hematologic abnormalities observed in @entity234 from January 2000 and December 2013. The study included 35 @entity1 with a mean age of 3.5 years. Clinical manifestations were dominated by splenomegaly, fever, and paleness, defining the classic triad in 16% of our @entity1 . @entity417 was present in all @entity1 . @entity1431 was found in 51% of the cases. @entity882 was observed in 48% of our @entity1 and 36% had @entity3043 . All cases were confirmed by the presence of Leishman bodies (amastigotes) in the bone marrow smears. Quantitative and qualitative megakaryocyte abnormalities were found. Similarly, dysgranulopoiesis was observed in 31% of the cases, @entity1712 was present in 6%, @entity10792 in 3%, and @entity1373 in 34%. Different features of @entity11407 were revealed in 71% of the @entity1 with images of hemophagocytosis in 6% and @entity1610 in 9%. The knowledge of these @entity1503 associated with @entity234 can assist us in searching for Leishman bodies in the bone marrow smears to provide a diagnosis more quickly without necessarily resorting to more sophisticated tests.

2096112

2096113

2096114

Effects of @entity1160 on adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte transmigration in endothelial cells exposed to XXXX .

multiple_choice

This study evaluated whether @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) concentration was related to endothelial surface molecule expression and the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) through endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by @entity3494 . @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and PMNs were treated with different @entity7647 concentrations (0, 300, 600 and 1000 microM) for 24 h. After that, we stimulated HUVECs for 3 h with 0.5 microM @entity3494 , and PMNs were allowed to transmigrate to ECs for 2 h. HUVEC surface expressions of cell adhesion molecules and integrin ( @entity9536 ) and interleukin (IL)-8 receptor expressions on PMNs were measured. The transendothelial migration of PMNs was also analyzed. The results showed that cell adhesion molecule (CAM) and integrin expressions in @entity3494 groups were higher than in those without @entity3494 . Among the @entity3494 groups, the expression of CAMs on ECs and @entity9536 , and @entity687 receptor on PMNs was lowest with 0 microM compared with the other @entity7647 concentrations. Vascular CAM-1 on ECs and @entity9536 on PMN expression were higher with 300 microM than with 600 and 1000 microM @entity7647 . @entity687 secretions from ECs and PMNs were higher with 300 muM than with 600 and 1000 microM @entity7647 , and this was consistent with the expression of the @entity687 receptor on PMNs. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil transmigration was significantly higher with 300 muM @entity7647 than with other @entity7647 concentrations. These results suggest that ECs and PMNs were activated after @entity3494 stimulation. Cell adhesion molecule expressions on ECs and PMNs were suppressed in the absence of @entity7647 . A low @entity7647 concentration comparable to catabolic conditions resulted in higher adhesion molecule expression and greater transendothelial migration of neutrophils. @entity1160 administration at levels similar to or higher than physiological concentrations reduced @entity687 and adhesion molecule expression; PMN transmigration was also decreased after stimulation with @entity3494 .

2096115

2096116

2096117

Effects of XXXX on adhesion molecule expression and leukocyte transmigration in endothelial cells exposed to @entity3494 .

multiple_choice

This study evaluated whether @entity1160 ( @entity7647 ) concentration was related to endothelial surface molecule expression and the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) through endothelial cells (ECs) stimulated by @entity3494 . @entity1 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and PMNs were treated with different @entity7647 concentrations (0, 300, 600 and 1000 microM) for 24 h. After that, we stimulated HUVECs for 3 h with 0.5 microM @entity3494 , and PMNs were allowed to transmigrate to ECs for 2 h. HUVEC surface expressions of cell adhesion molecules and integrin ( @entity9536 ) and interleukin (IL)-8 receptor expressions on PMNs were measured. The transendothelial migration of PMNs was also analyzed. The results showed that cell adhesion molecule (CAM) and integrin expressions in @entity3494 groups were higher than in those without @entity3494 . Among the @entity3494 groups, the expression of CAMs on ECs and @entity9536 , and @entity687 receptor on PMNs was lowest with 0 microM compared with the other @entity7647 concentrations. Vascular CAM-1 on ECs and @entity9536 on PMN expression were higher with 300 microM than with 600 and 1000 microM @entity7647 . @entity687 secretions from ECs and PMNs were higher with 300 muM than with 600 and 1000 microM @entity7647 , and this was consistent with the expression of the @entity687 receptor on PMNs. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil transmigration was significantly higher with 300 muM @entity7647 than with other @entity7647 concentrations. These results suggest that ECs and PMNs were activated after @entity3494 stimulation. Cell adhesion molecule expressions on ECs and PMNs were suppressed in the absence of @entity7647 . A low @entity7647 concentration comparable to catabolic conditions resulted in higher adhesion molecule expression and greater transendothelial migration of neutrophils. @entity1160 administration at levels similar to or higher than physiological concentrations reduced @entity687 and adhesion molecule expression; PMN transmigration was also decreased after stimulation with @entity3494 .

2096118

2096119

2096120

Robotic blue-dye sentinel lymph node detection for XXXX - Factors predicting successful mapping.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping has emerged as a viable option for the treatment of @entity1 with @entity1204 . We report our initial experience with SLN mapping algorithm, and examine the factors predicting successful SLN mapping. METHODS: We analyzed all data recorded in our institute on robotic blue-dye SLN detection mapping from the time it was first introduced to our department in January 2012-December 2014. Data included @entity1 demographics, SLN allocation, operating room times, and pathology results. RESULTS: During the study period, 74 @entity1 had robotic assisted surgery for @entity1204 with attempted SLN mapping. SLN was found overall in 46 @entity1 (62.1%). At first, SLN was detected in only 50% of cases, but after performing 30 cases, detection rates rose to 84.6% (OR = 3.34, CI 1.28-8.71; p = 0.003). Univariate analysis showed a higher detection rate with @entity6693 than patent blue dye, 74.3% vs. 52.3% (OR = 2.744, 95% CI 1.026-7.344; p = 0.042). In multivariate analysis, high body mass index (BMI) was associated with failed mapping (OR = 0.899; 95% CI 0.808-1.00), as was the presence of lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI) (OR = 0.126; 95% CI 0.24-0.658) and few cases per surgeon (OR = 1.083, 95% CI 1.032-1.118). Factors related to uterine pathology itself, including @entity5 histology, grade, method of diagnosis, the presence of an @entity1478 , and lower uterine segment involvement were not found to be associated with successful mapping. CONCLUSIONS: Surgeon experience, BMI and LVSI may affect the success rate of SLN mapping for @entity1204 . These factors should be investigated further in future studies.

2096121

2096122

2096123

Cognitive and brain reserve and the risk of XXXX in older @entity1 : analysis of data from a prospective observational study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cognitive and brain reserve theories suggest that aspects of neural architecture or cognitive processes modify the effect of neuropathological processes on cognitive outcomes. Although frequently studied in the context of @entity303 , reserve in @entity933 is understudied. METHODS: Using data from a prospective observational study, we examined the association of three markers of brain reserve (head circumference, MRI-derived brain volume, and leisure time physical activity), five markers of cognitive reserve (education, vocabulary, cognitive activities, cognitive demand of lifetime occupation, and interpersonal demand of lifetime occupation), and the risk of @entity260 in 566 older adults (age >= 70 years) free of @entity303 undergoing scheduled surgery. FINDINGS: 135 (24%) of 566 @entity1 developed @entity933 during the postoperative hospital stay. Of the reserve markers examined, only the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with the risk of @entity933 . A 0 5 SD better performance on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with a 38% reduction in @entity933 risk (adjusted risk ratio of 0 62, 95% CI 0 45-0 85; p=0 01). INTERPRETATION: Most markers of reserve failed to predict @entity933 risk. The exception to this is the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. Our findings suggest that the reserve markers that are important for @entity933 might be different from those thought to be important for @entity303 . FUNDING: National Institute on Aging, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

2096124

2096125

2096126

Cognitive and brain reserve and the risk of @entity260 in older XXXX : analysis of data from a prospective observational study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Cognitive and brain reserve theories suggest that aspects of neural architecture or cognitive processes modify the effect of neuropathological processes on cognitive outcomes. Although frequently studied in the context of @entity303 , reserve in @entity933 is understudied. METHODS: Using data from a prospective observational study, we examined the association of three markers of brain reserve (head circumference, MRI-derived brain volume, and leisure time physical activity), five markers of cognitive reserve (education, vocabulary, cognitive activities, cognitive demand of lifetime occupation, and interpersonal demand of lifetime occupation), and the risk of @entity260 in 566 older adults (age >= 70 years) free of @entity303 undergoing scheduled surgery. FINDINGS: 135 (24%) of 566 @entity1 developed @entity933 during the postoperative hospital stay. Of the reserve markers examined, only the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with the risk of @entity933 . A 0 5 SD better performance on the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading was associated with a 38% reduction in @entity933 risk (adjusted risk ratio of 0 62, 95% CI 0 45-0 85; p=0 01). INTERPRETATION: Most markers of reserve failed to predict @entity933 risk. The exception to this is the Wechsler Test of Adult Reading. Our findings suggest that the reserve markers that are important for @entity933 might be different from those thought to be important for @entity303 . FUNDING: National Institute on Aging, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute.

2096127

2096128

2096129

Neuroendocrine roles of the brain in the regulation of XXXX responsiveness in two types of diapause pupae of the cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae.

multiple_choice

The cabbage armyworm, Mamestra brassicae, has winter-and aestival- diapause pupae ( @entity2360 - and @entity195 ) showing differences in the strength of diapause. We tried to quantify diapause-strength by measuring the doses of @entity11088 (20-E) required to induce adult development in @entity2360 -, AD- and decerebrated non-diapause pupae (ND-pupae). The role of the brain in the regulation of diapause-strength was studied through the decerebration and brain-reimplantation of @entity2360 -and @entity195 . The 20-E doses required for adult development were small within the first 2 days of pupation, and increased thereafter to reach a constant level about 10 days after pupation in AD- and decerebrated ND-pupae. The required 20-E doses in @entity2360 -pupae increased for more than 40 days after pupation. When 0-day-old @entity2360 - and 0-day-old @entity195 were decerebrated, required 20-E doses increased after pupation and reached a constant about 10 days later. The required 20-E dose reached a constant level in decerebrated @entity2360 -pupae that was smaller than that observed for decerebrated ND- and @entity2360 -pupae. Furthermore, the required doses increased when 0-day-old @entity75 were reimplanted into decerebrated @entity2360 - and decerebrated ND-pupae. In @entity2360 -, AD- and decerebrated ND-pupae, diapause-strength can be represented as the 20-E dose required for adult development. Diapause-strength is weak after pupation, increases thereafter, and reaches a constant about 10 days later in AD- and decerebrated ND-pupae. In @entity2360 -pupae, diapause-strength increases for more than 40 days after pupation and reaches a level that is twice that estimated for @entity195 . Brains of diapausing @entity2360 -pupae may secrete a factor that suppresses the 20-E responsiveness of pupal organs, for the purpose of maintaining winter-diapause.

2096130

2096131

2096132

Downregulation of survivin by RNAi inhibits the growth of XXXX cells.

multiple_choice

@entity1721 ranks among one of the most frequent cause of @entity5 in the world. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of @entity418 becomes critical to develop more effective treatments. Elevated expression of survivin in @entity418 has been reported before and suppression of survivin expression leads to many @entity5 cells growth inhibition. We hypothesized that downregulation of survivin would inhibit the growth of @entity1 @entity418 cells. RNA interference directed against survivin was introduced into a @entity1 @entity1721 cell line KYSE510. Stable clones were selected and western blot analysis was performed to detect the protein level of survivin. @entity5 cell growth in vitro and in vivo was assessed by @entity3460 exclusion and @entity19 experiments. @entity10440 / @entity2667 staining followed by flow cytometric analysis and TUNEL assay were used to detect apoptosis in cell culture and in @entity19 . We found that RNA interference could efficiently and stably suppress survivin expression in @entity1 cells. Downregulation of survivin resulted in significantly inhibition of @entity5 growth in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism appears to be increased induction of apoptosis. Our results suggest a potential role for the targeting of survivin in the treatments of @entity418 .

2096133

2096134

2096135

Effects of @entity632 Delivery Systems and Mild XXXX on Tissue Penetration in 3D Cell Culture Models of @entity43 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Current chemotherapy strategies for second-line treatment of relapsed @entity43 are unable to effectively treat @entity66 post-cytoreduction. The findings presented herein suggest that tissue penetration of drug is not only an issue for large, unresectable @entity5 , but also for invisible, microscopic lesions. The present study sought to investigate the potential of a block copolymer micelle (BCM) formulation, which may reduce @entity137 of @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) in a similar way to pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD, @entity632 /Caelyx), while enhancing penetration into @entity5 tissue and improving intratumoral availability of drug. To achieve this goal, 50 nm-sized BCMs capable of high @entity3105 encapsulation (BCM- @entity3105 ) at drug levels ranging from 2 to 7.6 mg/mL were formulated using an ultrafiltration technique. BCM- @entity3105 was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell culture of the @entity1 @entity43 cell lines HEYA8, OV-90, and SKOV3. Additionally, the current study examines the impact of mild @entity221 (MHT) on the @entity137 of @entity3105 . The BCM- @entity3105 formulation fulfilled the goal of controlling drug release while providing up to 9-fold greater cell monolayer @entity137 in @entity67969 . In 3D cell culture, using multicellular @entity5 spheroids (MCTS) as a model of @entity66 postsurgery, BCM- @entity3105 achieved the benefits of an extended release formulation of @entity3105 and resulted in improvements in drug accumulation over PLD, while yielding drug levels approaching that achievable by exposure to @entity3105 alone. In @entity67969 , this translated into superior MCTS growth inhibition in the short term and comparable inhibition in the long term. Overall, although MHT appeared to enhance drug accumulation in HEYA8 MCTS treated with BCM- @entity3105 and @entity3105 alone in the short term, improved growth inhibition of MCTS by MHT was not observed after 48 h of drug treatment. Evaluation of BCM- @entity3105 in @entity67969 as well as the effects of MHT is warranted in vivo.

2096136

2096137

2096138

Effects of XXXX Delivery Systems and Mild @entity221 on Tissue Penetration in 3D Cell Culture Models of @entity43 .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Current chemotherapy strategies for second-line treatment of relapsed @entity43 are unable to effectively treat @entity66 post-cytoreduction. The findings presented herein suggest that tissue penetration of drug is not only an issue for large, unresectable @entity5 , but also for invisible, microscopic lesions. The present study sought to investigate the potential of a block copolymer micelle (BCM) formulation, which may reduce @entity137 of @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) in a similar way to pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD, @entity632 /Caelyx), while enhancing penetration into @entity5 tissue and improving intratumoral availability of drug. To achieve this goal, 50 nm-sized BCMs capable of high @entity3105 encapsulation (BCM- @entity3105 ) at drug levels ranging from 2 to 7.6 mg/mL were formulated using an ultrafiltration technique. BCM- @entity3105 was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell culture of the @entity1 @entity43 cell lines HEYA8, OV-90, and SKOV3. Additionally, the current study examines the impact of mild @entity221 (MHT) on the @entity137 of @entity3105 . The BCM- @entity3105 formulation fulfilled the goal of controlling drug release while providing up to 9-fold greater cell monolayer @entity137 in @entity67969 . In 3D cell culture, using multicellular @entity5 spheroids (MCTS) as a model of @entity66 postsurgery, BCM- @entity3105 achieved the benefits of an extended release formulation of @entity3105 and resulted in improvements in drug accumulation over PLD, while yielding drug levels approaching that achievable by exposure to @entity3105 alone. In @entity67969 , this translated into superior MCTS growth inhibition in the short term and comparable inhibition in the long term. Overall, although MHT appeared to enhance drug accumulation in HEYA8 MCTS treated with BCM- @entity3105 and @entity3105 alone in the short term, improved growth inhibition of MCTS by MHT was not observed after 48 h of drug treatment. Evaluation of BCM- @entity3105 in @entity67969 as well as the effects of MHT is warranted in vivo.

2096139

2096140

2096141

Effects of @entity632 Delivery Systems and Mild @entity221 on Tissue Penetration in 3D Cell Culture Models of XXXX .

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Current chemotherapy strategies for second-line treatment of relapsed @entity43 are unable to effectively treat @entity66 post-cytoreduction. The findings presented herein suggest that tissue penetration of drug is not only an issue for large, unresectable @entity5 , but also for invisible, microscopic lesions. The present study sought to investigate the potential of a block copolymer micelle (BCM) formulation, which may reduce @entity137 of @entity632 ( @entity3105 ) in a similar way to pegylated liposomal @entity632 (PLD, @entity632 /Caelyx), while enhancing penetration into @entity5 tissue and improving intratumoral availability of drug. To achieve this goal, 50 nm-sized BCMs capable of high @entity3105 encapsulation (BCM- @entity3105 ) at drug levels ranging from 2 to 7.6 mg/mL were formulated using an ultrafiltration technique. BCM- @entity3105 was evaluated in 2D and 3D cell culture of the @entity1 @entity43 cell lines HEYA8, OV-90, and SKOV3. Additionally, the current study examines the impact of mild @entity221 (MHT) on the @entity137 of @entity3105 . The BCM- @entity3105 formulation fulfilled the goal of controlling drug release while providing up to 9-fold greater cell monolayer @entity137 in @entity67969 . In 3D cell culture, using multicellular @entity5 spheroids (MCTS) as a model of @entity66 postsurgery, BCM- @entity3105 achieved the benefits of an extended release formulation of @entity3105 and resulted in improvements in drug accumulation over PLD, while yielding drug levels approaching that achievable by exposure to @entity3105 alone. In @entity67969 , this translated into superior MCTS growth inhibition in the short term and comparable inhibition in the long term. Overall, although MHT appeared to enhance drug accumulation in HEYA8 MCTS treated with BCM- @entity3105 and @entity3105 alone in the short term, improved growth inhibition of MCTS by MHT was not observed after 48 h of drug treatment. Evaluation of BCM- @entity3105 in @entity67969 as well as the effects of MHT is warranted in vivo.

2096142

2096143

2096144

Selective lymphadenectomy in XXXX : Retrospective analysis of morbidity and survival data at a tertiary care centre.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To compare perioperative morbidity and survival data between @entity1 with early-stage @entity1204 who did or did not undergo selective lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 180 @entity1 with early-stage @entity1204 treated between 1999 and 2008 was performed in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. RESULTS: Data from 180 @entity1 were analysed. The selective lymphadenectomy group contained 108 @entity1 (60%) and the no lymphadenectomy group contained 72 @entity1 (40%). The median number of lymph nodes removed was 9. The mean age and extent of disease, as assessed by staging, @entity5 size, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular invasion were comparable between groups. Upstaging of the disease to stage 3 and 4 occurred in 11% of @entity1 in the lymphadenectomy group. There were no significant differences in the medical or surgical complications between groups. At a median follow-up of 26 months, both groups had comparable survival (lymphadenectomy versus no lymphadenectomy: 34 versus 32 months). Similar survival was noted for @entity1 who underwent the removal of more or less than 5 pelvic lymph nodes. CONCLUSION: Selective lymphadenectomy offers the advantage of improved surgical staging but no therapeutic benefit in terms of overall survival.

2096145

2096146

2096147

Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves the QRS Fragmentation in @entity1 With ST Elevat on XXXX .

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise-based @entity299 ( @entity299 ) on the fragmented QRS (fQRS) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity583 participated @entity299 and 81 @entity1 as a control group were included to the study. The trained @entity1 were grouped according to the presence and persistence of QRS fragmentation on the electrocardiogram (ECG) before and after @entity299 . If the fragmentation was present on the ECG at the beginning of the @entity299 but not on the ECG at the end of @entity299 ; the transient group, if the fQRS persists after @entity299 ; the persistent fQRS group. ECGs obtained from the control group were grouped according to the presence of a fQRS on ECG. RESULTS: Among the trained @entity1 , 45 (46%) did not have a fQRS before @entity299 , whereas 52 (54%) presented a fQRS before @entity299 , which was persistent in 35 @entity1 (the persistent fQRS group) and transient in 17 @entity1 (the transient fQRS group). Among 81 @entity1 included in the control group, fQRS was persistent in 41 @entity1 . Presence of fQRS on the ECG was significantly decreased with @entity299 and it is better in trained group than the control group (P = .034). There were not significant correlations with other characteristics, except @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The existence of the fQRS decreases after @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity583 especially in @entity101 individuals, which may be related to improved electrical stability in the myocardium as a predictor of increase in survival and decrease in major @entity299 .

2096148

2096149

2096150

Cardiac Rehabilitation Improves the QRS Fragmentation in XXXX With ST Elevat on @entity583 .

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise-based @entity299 ( @entity299 ) on the fragmented QRS (fQRS) in @entity1 with @entity583 ( @entity583 ). METHODS: Ninety-seven @entity1 with @entity583 participated @entity299 and 81 @entity1 as a control group were included to the study. The trained @entity1 were grouped according to the presence and persistence of QRS fragmentation on the electrocardiogram (ECG) before and after @entity299 . If the fragmentation was present on the ECG at the beginning of the @entity299 but not on the ECG at the end of @entity299 ; the transient group, if the fQRS persists after @entity299 ; the persistent fQRS group. ECGs obtained from the control group were grouped according to the presence of a fQRS on ECG. RESULTS: Among the trained @entity1 , 45 (46%) did not have a fQRS before @entity299 , whereas 52 (54%) presented a fQRS before @entity299 , which was persistent in 35 @entity1 (the persistent fQRS group) and transient in 17 @entity1 (the transient fQRS group). Among 81 @entity1 included in the control group, fQRS was persistent in 41 @entity1 . Presence of fQRS on the ECG was significantly decreased with @entity299 and it is better in trained group than the control group (P = .034). There were not significant correlations with other characteristics, except @entity101 . CONCLUSION: The existence of the fQRS decreases after @entity299 in @entity1 with @entity583 especially in @entity101 individuals, which may be related to improved electrical stability in the myocardium as a predictor of increase in survival and decrease in major @entity299 .

2096151

2096152

2096153

Prediction of mortality using quantification of renal function in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Renal function, as quantified by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), is a predictor of @entity204 in @entity712 ( @entity712 ). It is unknown whether one of the clinically-available serum @entity1011 -based formulas to calculate eGFR is superior to the others for predicting mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS: We quantified renal function using five different formulas (Cockroft-Gault, MDRD-4, MDRD-6, CKD-EPI in @entity1 <70years, and BIS-1 in @entity1 >= 70years) in 1104 unselected @entity712 @entity1 presenting to the emergency department and enrolled in a multicenter study. Two independent cardiologists adjudicated the diagnosis of @entity712 . The primary endpoint was the accuracy of the five eGFR equations to predict @entity204 as quantified by the time-dependent area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUC). The secondary endpoint was the accuracy to predict all-cause readmissions and readmissions due to @entity712 . In a median follow-up of 374days (IQR: 221 to 687days), 445 @entity1 (40.3%) died. eGFR as calculated by all equations was an independent predictor of mortality. The Cockcroft-Gault formula showed the highest prognostic accuracy (AUC 0.70 versus 0.65 for MDRD-4, 0.55 for MDRD-6, and 0.67 for the combined formula CKD-EPI/BIS-1, p<0.05). These findings were confirmed in @entity1 with varying degrees of renal function and in three vulnerable subgroups: @entity1 , @entity1 with severe @entity1002 , and the elderly. The prognostic accuracy for readmission was poor for all equations, with an AUC around 0.5. CONCLUSIONS: Calculating eGFR using the Cockcroft-Gault formula assesses the risk of mortality in @entity1 with @entity712 more accurately than other commonly used formulas.

2096154

2096155

2096156

XXXX is a risk factor for 30-day morbidity after gynecological malignancy surgery.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between preoperative @entity4988 and the development of complications after gynecological @entity5 surgery, as well as postoperative bowel function and hospital stay. METHODS: The medical records of 533 @entity1 with gynecological @entity5 surgery at Konkuk University Hospital between 2005 and 2013 were reviewed. Serum albumin level <3.5 g/dL was defined as @entity4988 . All perioperative complications within 30-days after surgery, time to resumption of normal diet and length of postoperative hospital stay, were analyzed. Regression models were used to assess predictors of postoperative morbidity. RESULTS: The median age was 49 years (range, 13 to 85 years). Eighty @entity1 (15%) had @entity4988 . Hypoalbuminemic @entity1 had significantly higher consumption of @entity285 >2 standard drinks per day, lower American Society of Anesthesiologist score, higher frequency of ascites, and more advanced stage compared with non-hypoalbuminemic @entity1 . Overall complication rate within 30-days after surgery was 20.3% (108 out of 533). Hypoalbuminemic @entity1 were more likely to develop @entity260 compared to non-hypoalbuminemic @entity1 (34.3% vs. 17.8%, P=0.022), and had significantly longer median time to resumption of normal diet (3.3 [1-6] vs. 2.8 [0-15] days, P=0.005) and length of postoperative hospital stay (0 [7-50] vs. 9 [1-97] days, P=0.014). In multivariate analysis, age >50 (odds ratio [OR], 2.478; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.310 to 4.686; P=0.005), operation time (OR, 1.006; 95% CI, 1.002 to 1.009; P=0.006), and @entity4988 (OR, 2.367; 95% CI, 1.021 to 5.487; P=0.044) were the significant risk factor for @entity260 . CONCLUSION: @entity4988 in @entity1 with elective surgery for gynecologic malignancy is an independent predictor of 30-days @entity260 . Identification of this subset and preoperative optimization of nutritional status may improve surgical outcomes.

2096157

2096158

2096159

MicroRNA Expression in Myocardial Tissue and Plasma of @entity1 with End-Stage XXXX during LVAD Support: Comparison of Continuous and Pulsatile Devices.

multiple_choice

AIM: Pulsatile flow left ventricular assist devices (pf-LVADs) are being replaced by continuous flow LVADs (cf-LVADs) in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 ( @entity712 ). MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the onset and progression of @entity712 . Our aim was to analyze cardiac @entity11216 expression patterns associated with each type of device, to analyze differences in the regulation of the induced cardiac changes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-six miRs were selected (based on micro-array data and literature studies) and validated in myocardial tissue before and after pf- (n = 17) and cf-LVAD (n = 17) support. Of these, 5 miRs displayed a similar expression pattern among the devices ( @entity11216 -129*, @entity6991 , @entity10015 , @entity494 , @entity10074 ), whereas others only changed significantly during pf-LVAD ( @entity40583 , @entity10017 , @entity7761 , @entity7761 *) or cf-LVAD support ( @entity21069 ). In addition, 4 miRs were investigated in plasma of cf-LVAD supported @entity1 (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 10). Circulating @entity10017 decreased at 1, 3, and 6 months after LVAD implantation. @entity6991 , @entity494 and @entity10074 showed a fluctuating time pattern post-LVAD. CONCLUSION: Our data show a different @entity11216 expression pattern after LVAD support, suggesting that differentially expressed miRs are partially responsible for the cardiac morphological and functional changes observed after support. However, the @entity11216 expression patterns do not seem to significantly differ between pf- and cf-LVAD implying that most cardiac changes or clinical outcomes specific to each device do not relate to differences in @entity11216 expression levels.

2096160

2096161

2096162

MicroRNA Expression in Myocardial Tissue and Plasma of XXXX with End-Stage @entity712 during LVAD Support: Comparison of Continuous and Pulsatile Devices.

multiple_choice

AIM: Pulsatile flow left ventricular assist devices (pf-LVADs) are being replaced by continuous flow LVADs (cf-LVADs) in @entity1 with end-stage @entity712 ( @entity712 ). MicroRNAs (miRs) play an important role in the onset and progression of @entity712 . Our aim was to analyze cardiac @entity11216 expression patterns associated with each type of device, to analyze differences in the regulation of the induced cardiac changes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-six miRs were selected (based on micro-array data and literature studies) and validated in myocardial tissue before and after pf- (n = 17) and cf-LVAD (n = 17) support. Of these, 5 miRs displayed a similar expression pattern among the devices ( @entity11216 -129*, @entity6991 , @entity10015 , @entity494 , @entity10074 ), whereas others only changed significantly during pf-LVAD ( @entity40583 , @entity10017 , @entity7761 , @entity7761 *) or cf-LVAD support ( @entity21069 ). In addition, 4 miRs were investigated in plasma of cf-LVAD supported @entity1 (n = 18) and healthy controls (n = 10). Circulating @entity10017 decreased at 1, 3, and 6 months after LVAD implantation. @entity6991 , @entity494 and @entity10074 showed a fluctuating time pattern post-LVAD. CONCLUSION: Our data show a different @entity11216 expression pattern after LVAD support, suggesting that differentially expressed miRs are partially responsible for the cardiac morphological and functional changes observed after support. However, the @entity11216 expression patterns do not seem to significantly differ between pf- and cf-LVAD implying that most cardiac changes or clinical outcomes specific to each device do not relate to differences in @entity11216 expression levels.

2096163

2096164

2096165

Pectoral nerve conduction studies: technique in healthy subjects and evaluation of XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To define the optimal nerve conduction study (NCS) technique of the pectoral nerves and evaluate its clinical utility. DESIGN: Prospective electrophysiologic study with healthy controls. SETTING: Electrophysiologic laboratory in a large general hospital. @entity1 : Thirty healthy controls and 10 @entity1 with cervical root or brachial plexus pathologies. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Correlation of pectoral NCS with electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS: For pectoral NCS, the mean values +/- standard deviation of onset latency, amplitude, and interside amplitude ratio (ratio of smaller over larger amplitude) were 2.01+/-0.22 ms, 11.75+/-2.21 mV, and .95+/-.04 mV, respectively. Subject age correlated significantly with both onset latency (r=.46, P<.001) and amplitude (r=-.34, P<.008). All 5 @entity1 with @entity5300 had amplitude ratios below the normal limit of controls (.87). However, this was not seen for all 5 @entity1 with cervical @entity614 . CONCLUSIONS: The pectoral NCS technique is feasible in healthy subjects. It is useful when differentiating @entity5300 from @entity75 .

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2096168

XXXX positron emission tomography/computed tomography for primary thyroid langerhans histiocytosis: A case report and literature review.

multiple_choice

@entity1222 ( @entity1222 ) is a rare @entity2214 , with an incidence rate of 4.0-5.4/1 million individuals. @entity1222 encompasses a spectrum of disorders with diverse clinical presentations ranging from a single organ to multiple organ involvement. @entity1222 rarely involves the thyroid gland. We presented a case with @entity1222 of thyroid gland. The @entity1 had @entity135 and then @entity2010 . Ultrasonic scan and magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed @entity8170 and @entity1283 , respectively. Histopathological analysis revealed features of histiocytoid cells. @entity419 ( @entity419 ) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was performed in order to rule out the presence of whole body infiltration. @entity419 PET/CT also demonstrated increased uptake in the thickening pituitary stalk and maxillofacial @entity272 , in addition to the bilateral thyroid nodules, CT showed the left lung nodule and the skull destruction without @entity419 uptake. This report emphasizes the role of @entity419 PET/CT in multiple organs involvement of @entity1 with @entity1222 .

2096169

2096170

2096171

Prognostic significance of expressions of cell-cycle regulatory proteins in XXXX and the relevance of the risk grade.

multiple_choice

@entity674 ( @entity674 ) have a wide spectrum of biologic behavior ranging from benign to malignant. Risk grading based on @entity5 size and mitotic counts has been proposed in an effort to predict the adverse outcome of @entity677 in the literature so far. Recent molecular studies have reported the prognostic values of several parameters, including alteration of cell-cycle regulators. The aim of this study was to elucidate the prognostic values of risk grade and alterations of cell-cycle-related proteins, including Ki-67, @entity7596 , @entity8189 , @entity4910 , cyclin E, @entity986 , @entity994 , @entity5438 , @entity876 , @entity10610 , and @entity15308 , in addition to the conventional factors. Eighty cases of primary c-kit-positive @entity674 were classified into 2 cases of very-low-risk grade, 20 cases of low-risk grade, 25 cases of intermediate-risk grade, and 33 cases of high-risk grade. The risk grade was correlated with the presence of @entity3 and/or recurrence. A high level of Ki-67 and @entity7596 expression was correlated with risk grade (P = .0027 and .0441, respectively). Overexpression of G2-M regulators, such as @entity7596 , @entity8189 , and @entity10610 , was associated with the Ki-67 @entity894 ( @entity894 ) (P = .0007, .0475, and .0040, respectively). According to univariate analysis, @entity5 grade (high risk), @entity5 size (> or =5 cm), mitotic counts (> or =5/50 high-power fields), Ki-67 @entity894 (> or =4.92%), @entity7596 @entity894 (> or =1.61%), and @entity10610 @entity894 (> or =1.25%) were all found to be significantly associated with a shorter period of disease-free survival (P = .0001, .0270, .0004, .0001, .0001, and .0011, respectively). According to multivariate analysis, both high Ki-67 @entity894 and high-risk grade were found to be significantly associated with a shorter period of disease-free survival (P = .0083 and .0246, respectively). In conclusion, our results strongly support the hypothesis that Ki-67 @entity894 and risk grade are useful for predicting the aggressive biologic behavior of @entity674 . Furthermore, alteration of G2-M regulators, such as @entity7596 , @entity8189 , and @entity10610 , is also a useful marker for predicting @entity146 and play an important role, at least in part, in the cell proliferation of @entity677 .

2096172

2096173

2096174

Assessment of an incentivised scheme to provide annual health checks in primary care for adults with XXXX : a longitudinal cohort study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity717 ( @entity717 ) have many comorbidities but experience inequities in access to health care. National Health Service England uses an opt-in incentive scheme to encourage annual health checks of @entity1 with @entity717 in primary care. We investigated whether the first 3 years of the programme had improved health care of @entity1 with @entity717 . METHODS: We did a longitudinal cohort study that used data from The Health Improvement Network primary care database. We did multivariate logistic regression to assess associations between various characteristics and whether or not practices had opted in to the incentivised scheme. FINDINGS: We assessed data for 8692 @entity1 from 222 incentivised practices and those for 918 @entity1 in 48 non-incentivised practices. More blood tests (eg, total @entity165 , odds ratio [OR] 1 88, 95% CI 1 47-2 41, p<0 0001) general health measurements (eg, smoking status, 6 0, 4 10-8 79, p<0 0001), specific health assessments (eg, hearing, 24 0, 11 5-49 9, p<0 0001), and medication reviews (2 23, 1 68-2 97, p<0 0001) were done in incentivised than in non-incentivised practices, and more health action plans (6 15, 1 41-26 9, p=0 0156) and secondary care referrals (1 47, 1 05-2 05, p=0 0256) were made. Identification rates were higher in incentivised practices for @entity1374 (OR 2 72, 95% CI 1 09-6 81, p=0 0323), @entity344 (1 94, 1 03-3 65, p=0 0390), and @entity28 (2 49, 1 76-3 53, p<0 0001). INTERPRETATION: Targeted annual health checks for @entity1 with @entity717 in primary care could reduce health inequities. FUNDING: National Institute for Health Research.

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2096177

Life-threatening XXXX due to @entity1756 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To refine the surgical indications of surgery for life-threatening @entity33575 due to @entity1756 through the analysis of possible outcome predictors. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 requiring prompt clot evacuation were retrospectively reviewed. In all cases, the @entity1410 was equal to or greater than 60 ml. The bleeding @entity439 was located on the middle cerebral artery in 26 cases, on the internal carotid artery in 10 cases, and on the anterior cerebral artery in 13 cases; four @entity439 were @entity2967 . Six @entity1 underwent @entity439 coiling followed by clot removal, whereas 43 @entity1 were managed by concomitant clot evacuation and @entity439 clipping. The main clinical and radiological features, the management paths and the treatment modalities were correlated with the outcomes. A statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 32.6%, severe morbidity was 22.4% and 22 @entity1 (44.8%) achieved favorable results. The short-term results were more significantly influenced by the radiological parameters than by the initial clinical conditions. The prognostic weight of the radiologic findings was partially lost for six-month results, whereby management factors gained in importance. CONCLUSIONS: The bleeding severity was strongly determinant for early mortality. However, if @entity1 can survive the initial crucial phase, their chances of a favorable outcome are not negligible. Further improvement may be possible through better @entity1 selection and the identification of non-salvageable subjects.

2096178

2096179

2096180

Life-threatening @entity33575 due to XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To refine the surgical indications of surgery for life-threatening @entity33575 due to @entity1756 through the analysis of possible outcome predictors. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive @entity1 requiring prompt clot evacuation were retrospectively reviewed. In all cases, the @entity1410 was equal to or greater than 60 ml. The bleeding @entity439 was located on the middle cerebral artery in 26 cases, on the internal carotid artery in 10 cases, and on the anterior cerebral artery in 13 cases; four @entity439 were @entity2967 . Six @entity1 underwent @entity439 coiling followed by clot removal, whereas 43 @entity1 were managed by concomitant clot evacuation and @entity439 clipping. The main clinical and radiological features, the management paths and the treatment modalities were correlated with the outcomes. A statistical analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Overall mortality was 32.6%, severe morbidity was 22.4% and 22 @entity1 (44.8%) achieved favorable results. The short-term results were more significantly influenced by the radiological parameters than by the initial clinical conditions. The prognostic weight of the radiologic findings was partially lost for six-month results, whereby management factors gained in importance. CONCLUSIONS: The bleeding severity was strongly determinant for early mortality. However, if @entity1 can survive the initial crucial phase, their chances of a favorable outcome are not negligible. Further improvement may be possible through better @entity1 selection and the identification of non-salvageable subjects.

2096181

2096182

2096183

Vulnerability of Brazilian municipalities to XXXX based on multi-criteria decision analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity9673 is an emerging zoonosis transmitted by wild rodents. In Brazil, high case-fatality rates among @entity1 infected with hantavirus are of serious concern to public health authorities. Appropriate preventive measures partly depend on reliable knowledge about the geographical distribution of this disease. METHODS: Incidence of @entity9673 in Brazil (1993-2013) was analyzed. Epidemiological, socioeconomic, and demographic indicators were also used to classify cities' vulnerability to disease by means of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). RESULTS: From 1993 to 2013, 1752 cases of hantavirus were registered in 16 Brazilian states. The highest incidence of hantavirus was observed in the states of Mato Grosso (0.57/100,000) and Santa Catarina (0.13/100,000). Based on MCDA analysis, municipalities in the southern, southeastern, and midwestern regions of Brazil can be classified as highly vulnerable. Most municipalities in northern and northeastern Brazil were classified as having low vulnerability to hantavirus @entity1167 . CONCLUSIONS: Although most @entity1 @entity281 by hantavirus registered in Brazil occurred in the southern region of the country, a greater vulnerability to hantavirus was found in the Brazilian Midwest. This result reflects the need to strengthen surveillance where the disease has thus far gone unreported.

2096184

2096185

2096186

The Effect of Lipopolysaccharide on Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury of Heart: A Double Hit Model of XXXX and Endotoxemia.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity741 may coincide and interact with @entity295 and @entity32 . Our objective was to examine the effects of bacterial endotoxin on myocardial functions and cell injury during acute @entity63 . METHODS: @entity95 were pretreated with incremental doses of @entity526 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or normal saline. @entity741 was induced by 50-minute occlusion of left anterior descending artery. S-TNFaR was additionally used to block the effects LPS. RESULTS: Ventricular contractility as it was measured by dp/dt during systole decreased from 2445 1298 to 1422 944 mm Hg/s, P = .019. Isovolumetric relaxation time as an index of diastolic function was prolonged from 50 18 ms to 102 64 ms following @entity63 . Pretreatment with low concentrations of LPS (<1 g) had no effect on dp/dt, while at higher concentrations it suppressed both contractility and prolonged IVRT. Cell injury as measured by cardiac troponin I level increased to 15.1 3.2 ng/dL following @entity63 and continued to rise with higher doses of LPS. While blocking @entity25229 did not improve the @entity296 after @entity63 , it eliminated additional deleterious effects of LPS. CONCLUSION: Lower doses of LPS had no deleterious effect on myocardial function, whereas higher doses of this endotoxin cause @entity299 and increased extent of injury.

2096187

2096188

2096189

Prevalence, Distribution, and Significance of Incidental Thoracic Ossification of the Ligamentum Flavum in Korean XXXX with Back or Leg Pain : MR-Based Cross Sectional Study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Thoracic ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a relatively rare disease. Because of ambiguous clinical symptom, it is difficult for early diagnosis of OLF and subsequent treatment can be delayed or missed. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to comprehensively assess the prevalence and distribution of @entity1514 OLF by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and coexisting @entity66 in Korean @entity1 with @entity615 or @entity158 . METHODS: The sample included 2134 Korean @entity1 who underwent MRI evaluation for @entity615 . The prevalence and distribution of @entity1514 OLF were assessed using lumbar MRI with whole spine sagittal images. Additionally, we examined the presence of coexisting lumbar and @entity3799 . The presence of @entity1514 OLF as well as clinical parameters such as age, sex, and surgery were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity1514 OLF in total @entity1 was 16.9% (360/2134). The prevalence tended to increase with aging and was higher in @entity1 than in @entity1 . The lower @entity1514 segment of T10-11 was the most frequently affected segment. Of the 360 @entity1 with OLF, 31.9% had coexisting herniated @entity1514 discs at the same level. Approximately 74% of the @entity1 with OLF had coexisting lumbar and @entity3799 . Nine (2.5%) of 360 OLF @entity1 underwent surgery for @entity1514 . CONCLUSION: The prevalenceof @entity1514 OLF was relatively higher than those of previous reports. And coexisting lumbar and @entity3799 were very frequent. Therefore, we should check coexisting @entity66 and the exact diagnostic localization of ossification besides lumbar disease.

2096190

2096191

2096192

Utility of tubular retractors to minimize surgical XXXX in the removal of deep intraparenchymal lesions: a quantitative analysis of FLAIR hyperintensity and apparent diffusion coefficient maps.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Brain retraction systems are frequently required to achieve surgical exposure of deep-seated @entity75 . Spatula-based systems can be associated with @entity62 , particularly adjacent to the sharp edges, which can result in uneven pressure on the parenchyma over the course of a long operation. The use of tubular retractor systems has been proposed as a method to overcome these limitations. There have been no studies assessing the degree of @entity1545 associated with the use of tubular retractors. METHODS Twenty @entity1 were retrospectively identified at Weill Cornell Medical College who underwent resection of deep-seated @entity75 between 2005 and 2014 with the aid of a METRx tubular retractor system. Using the Brainlab software, pre- and postoperative images were analyzed to assess volume, depth, extent of resection, and change in postoperative MR FLAIR hyperintensity and restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). RESULTS The mean preoperative @entity5 volume was 16.25 17.6 cm(3). Gross-total resection was achieved in 75%, near-total resection in 10%, and subtotal resection in 15% of @entity1 . There was a small but not statistically significant increase in average FLAIR hyperintensity volume by 3.25 10.51 cm(3) (p = 0.16). The average postoperative volume of DWI high signal area with restricted diffusion on apparent diffusion coefficient maps was 8.35 3.05 cm(3). Assuming that the volume of restricted diffusion on DWI around @entity5 was 0 preoperatively, this represented a statistically significant increase on DWI (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although tubular retractors do not appear to significantly increase FLAIR signal in the brain, DWI intensity around the retractors can be identified. These data indicate that although tubular retractors may minimize damage to surrounding tissues, they still cause cytotoxic @entity4 and cellular damage. Objective comparison against other retraction methods, as compared by 3D volumetric analysis or similar methods, will be important in determining the true advantage of tubular retractor systems.

2096193

2096194

2096195

Hemiparetic Knee Extensor Strength and Balance Function Are Predictors of Ambulatory Function in Subacute XXXX @entity1 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To identify the potential predictors of ambulatory function in subacute @entity64 @entity1 , and to determine the contributing factors according to gait severity. METHODS: Fifty-three subacute @entity64 patents were enrolled. Ambulatory function was assessed by gait speed and endurance. Balance function was evaluated by the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The isometric muscular strengths of bilateral knee extensors and flexors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. @entity65 was evaluated using an expired gas analyzer. @entity1 were assigned into the household ambulator group (<0.4 m/s) or the community ambulator group (>= 0.4 m/s) based on gait severity. RESULTS: In the linear regression analyses of all @entity1 , paretic knee isometric extensor strength (p=0.007) and @entity2653 (p<0.001) were independent predictors of gait endurance (R(2)=0.668). TUG (p<0.001) and @entity2653 (p=0.037) were independent predictors of gait speed (R(2)=0.671). Paretic isometric extensor strength was a predictor of gait endurance (R(2)=0.340, p=0.008). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R(2)=0.404, p<0.001) in the household ambulator group, whereas @entity2653 was a predictive factor of gait endurance (R(2)=0.598, p=0.008) and speed (R(2)=0.713, p=0.006). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R(2)=0.713, p=0.004) in the community ambulator group. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that balance function and knee extensor isometric strength were strong predictors of ambulatory function in subacute @entity64 @entity1 . However, they work differently according to gait severity. Therefore, a comprehensive functional assessment and a different therapeutic approach should be provided depending on gait severity in subacute @entity64 @entity1 .

2096196

2096197

2096198

Hemiparetic Knee Extensor Strength and Balance Function Are Predictors of Ambulatory Function in Subacute @entity64 XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To identify the potential predictors of ambulatory function in subacute @entity64 @entity1 , and to determine the contributing factors according to gait severity. METHODS: Fifty-three subacute @entity64 patents were enrolled. Ambulatory function was assessed by gait speed and endurance. Balance function was evaluated by the @entity2653 ( @entity2653 ) and the Timed Up and Go test (TUG). The isometric muscular strengths of bilateral knee extensors and flexors were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. @entity65 was evaluated using an expired gas analyzer. @entity1 were assigned into the household ambulator group (<0.4 m/s) or the community ambulator group (>= 0.4 m/s) based on gait severity. RESULTS: In the linear regression analyses of all @entity1 , paretic knee isometric extensor strength (p=0.007) and @entity2653 (p<0.001) were independent predictors of gait endurance (R(2)=0.668). TUG (p<0.001) and @entity2653 (p=0.037) were independent predictors of gait speed (R(2)=0.671). Paretic isometric extensor strength was a predictor of gait endurance (R(2)=0.340, p=0.008). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R(2)=0.404, p<0.001) in the household ambulator group, whereas @entity2653 was a predictive factor of gait endurance (R(2)=0.598, p=0.008) and speed (R(2)=0.713, p=0.006). TUG was a predictor of gait speed (R(2)=0.713, p=0.004) in the community ambulator group. CONCLUSION: Our results reveal that balance function and knee extensor isometric strength were strong predictors of ambulatory function in subacute @entity64 @entity1 . However, they work differently according to gait severity. Therefore, a comprehensive functional assessment and a different therapeutic approach should be provided depending on gait severity in subacute @entity64 @entity1 .

2096199

2096200

2096201

Association of treatment factors with surgical outcomes in tri-modality therapy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To identify the impact of the interval between chemoradiation to surgery on morbidity and mortality in @entity1 undergoing tri-modality therapy for @entity418 . METHODS: Eighty-five @entity1 completed chemoradiation followed by esophagectomy between 2006 and 2011. The interval between completion of chemoradiation and surgery was calculated for each @entity1 . We evaluated the association of quartiles and 3-week groups with morbidity and mortality using logistic regression. Other treatment and clinical factors were also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity1 (69%) experienced at least one complication. When examining specific complications, @entity1 with @entity358 had a longer mean time interval from chemoradiation to surgery (P = 0.02). Linear regression showed an association between longer interval between chemoradiation to surgery and hospital length of stay (LOS) >14 days when analyzing by both interval quartile (P = 0.04) and 3-week intervals (P = 0.04). On multivariable analysis, increased time interval predicted for @entity358 (P < 0.01) and LOS >14 days (P = 0.03). When examining other treatment factors, squamous cell histology (P = 0.02) also predicted for a hospital length of stay >14 days. CONCLUSIONS: Factors such as interval between completion of chemoradiation and surgery and squamous cell histology may be associated with surgical morbidity. Further data is warranted to confirm these findings. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015;112:629-633. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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2096203

2096204

XXXX : clinical features and management.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, treatment and outcome of all consecutive @entity1 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) treated at the Sheffield Trophoblast Centre and to compare these findings to other reports. METHOD: All cases of @entity5 on the Sheffield Trophoblastic Tumour Centre database from 1984 to 2004 were reviewed. Data obtained included age at diagnosis, antecedent pregnancy (AP), interval from antecedent pregnancy until diagnosis, presenting features, presenting serum human chorionic gonadotrophin hormone (hCG) level, number and sites of metastases, treatment received, outcome and follow-up. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity1 with @entity5 were identified from the database which incorporates a total of 7489 cases of @entity1469 . Fourteen (70.6%) were more than 30 years old at presentation; 5 were over 40. The median interval from pregnancy to diagnosis was 18 months (range 6 months to 22 years). The outcome of antecedent pregnancy was a female in 11 out of the 13 @entity1 where the sex was known. Eleven (70.6%) of @entity1 presented with irregular @entity3556 , with or without a preceding period of @entity4999 . All 8 @entity1 with non-metastatic (Stage I) disease were alive and well after hysterectomy (6), chemotherapy alone (1) or hysterectomy and chemotherapy (1) whereas only 4 of 9 @entity1 with metastatic (Stage III/IV) disease were alive and well after treatment with chemotherapy and hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: @entity5 is rare and accounts for 0.23% cases of @entity1469 referred to this centre. It has a variety of presenting features and its course is unpredictable. Metastatic involvement and antecedent pregnancy interval greater than 4 years are poor prognostic factors. Hysterectomy is the primary mode of treatment in the majority of cases. However, chemotherapy can still play a major role when curative surgery is not feasible.

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2096206

2096207

The relationship between XXXX and specific immunotherapy for @entity56 .

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform a 20-year @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) observational evaluation for an assessment of any manifestations of @entity792 or the appearance of autoantibodies in serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1,888 @entity1 (902 @entity1 and 986 @entity1 ) were observed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.1 12.4 years at the start of the prospective observation after finishing @entity6542 . New incidences of @entity792 and/or the presence of autoantibodies in serum were monitored. The @entity6542 group was compared with control groups consisting of @entity56 @entity1 who had very received @entity6542 and with non- @entity56 subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the @entity792 prevalence between the @entity56 @entity1 with or without @entity6542 . However, significantly higher prevalence of four different @entity792 ( @entity792 ) were observed in the non- @entity56 @entity1 during the same period. Additionally, the incidence of 8 different autoantibodies was significantly higher in non- @entity56 @entity1 than in control subjects. @entity2621 was the most common @entity792 observed. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term observational study indicated a lack of a significant prevalence of new instances of @entity792 during 20 years of observation post- @entity6542 and at a rate lower than that of non- @entity56 control subjects, suggesting that @entity6542 is safe in this regard in the long term.

2096208

2096209

2096210

The relationship between @entity792 and specific immunotherapy for XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIMS: The aim of this study was to perform a 20-year @entity6542 ( @entity6542 ) observational evaluation for an assessment of any manifestations of @entity792 or the appearance of autoantibodies in serum. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 1,888 @entity1 (902 @entity1 and 986 @entity1 ) were observed. The mean age of the @entity1 was 34.1 12.4 years at the start of the prospective observation after finishing @entity6542 . New incidences of @entity792 and/or the presence of autoantibodies in serum were monitored. The @entity6542 group was compared with control groups consisting of @entity56 @entity1 who had very received @entity6542 and with non- @entity56 subjects. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the @entity792 prevalence between the @entity56 @entity1 with or without @entity6542 . However, significantly higher prevalence of four different @entity792 ( @entity792 ) were observed in the non- @entity56 @entity1 during the same period. Additionally, the incidence of 8 different autoantibodies was significantly higher in non- @entity56 @entity1 than in control subjects. @entity2621 was the most common @entity792 observed. CONCLUSION: The results of this long-term observational study indicated a lack of a significant prevalence of new instances of @entity792 during 20 years of observation post- @entity6542 and at a rate lower than that of non- @entity56 control subjects, suggesting that @entity6542 is safe in this regard in the long term.

2096211

2096212

2096213

Assessment of Alveolar Bone Status in Middle Aged Chinese (40-59 Years) with XXXX --Using CBCT.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: This study used con-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to investigate the prevalence and severity of @entity604 in middle-aged (40-59 years) Chinese with @entity7278 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group comprised 145 dentate individuals aged 40 to 59 years residing in China who suffered from @entity7278 . CBCT and the application of NNT software were used to examine the level and location of @entity604 . RESULTS: The study revealed that 40-59 year old @entity1 with @entity7278 had severe @entity604 . At 5,286 sites (34.7%), @entity604 was mild; severe @entity604 was found at 5,978 sites (39.2%). A comparison of @entity604 in different jaws revealed that the area with the highest degree of @entity604 was on the lingual side of the maxillary molar (56.3 7.2%), and that the area with the lowest degree was primarily on the lingual side of the mandibular @entity235 (27.5 6.3%). There was a lower degree of @entity604 in males than females. Differences were observed when comparing the incidence of @entity604 between males and females (P < 0.05). Menopause in females and smoking in both genders may affect the level of @entity604 . Male smokers experienced a greater degree of @entity604 (41.67 5.76%) than male non-smokers (32.95 4.31%). A 42.23 6.34% @entity604 was found in menopausal females versus 31.35 3.62% in non-menopausal females. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed that different sites and teeth exhibited a diverse degree of @entity604 . In middle-aged @entity1 with @entity7278 , the highest degrees of @entity604 in the incisors, premolars, and molars were on the lingual side, mesial side and lingual side, respectively. Menopause in females and smoking may affect the level of @entity604 .

2096214

2096215

2096216

XXXX : new windows of opportunity.

multiple_choice

@entity980 is a highly malignant, small blue cell @entity5 characterized by muscle differentiation. With modern treatment, more than 70% of @entity1 and adolescents with this disease are cured. Adequate biopsy to obtain sufficient tissue for accurate diagnosis and molecular characterization is critical. @entity1 must be assessed for @entity5 extent; the Intergroup @entity980 Study (IRS) clinical group and Staging system is universally applied in North America. Multidisciplinary therapy is necessary to maximize cure rates. Local control relies on complete surgical excision when possible; those whose @entity5 are not completely excised and those with alveolar @entity5 require local irradiation to maximize local control. In North America, @entity1891 (Oncovin); Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, http://www.lilly.com), @entity4316 ( @entity4316 ); Merck _ Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ, http://www.merck.com), and @entity786 are the standard chemotherapy agents. The IRS has used therapeutic window studies to confirm the predictive nature of preclinical xenograft models and to identify several new single agents and combinations of agents with activity in high-risk @entity1 groups. Despite these efforts, the outcome for these high-risk @entity1 remains poor. The next generation of @entity1 's Oncology Group studies will evaluate the efficacy of topoisomerase-I inhibitors and dose-compression therapy approaches. New advances in molecular characterization of @entity5 , including gene-expression analysis, may identify new therapeutic targets that can be exploited by expanded preclinical drug discovery efforts, and hold the promise of revolutionizing risk-based therapies.

2096217

2096218

2096219

Bio-ecological control of acute XXXX : the role of enteral nutrition, pro and synbiotics.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Increasing knowledge, both experimental and clinical, supports the fact that early and @entity146 enteral nutrition has the capacity to reduce superinflammation and prevent @entity281 in severe acute @entity788 . Clearly, the main role of enteral nutrition is to boost the immune system, and not, at least initially, to provide calories. Whereas enteral nutrition improves, parenteral nutrition reduces immune functions. RECENT FINDINGS: The content of enteral nutrition solutions is more important than the route of administration per se. Antioxidants, plant fibres and live @entity880 bacteria are especially important for boosting the immune system. Recent studies support the fact that enteral nutrition and the supply of fibres and live @entity880 bacteria may significantly reduce the rate of @entity281 . So far none of the treatments has been able to reduce the incidence of the @entity1850 and @entity409 . A recent unpublished study indicates, however, that the @entity1850 and @entity409 can also be reduced if much higher doses of @entity880 bacteria and a combination of several bioactive @entity880 bacteria are used (synbiotics). SUMMARY: Immunosupporting enteral nutrition with synbiotics is an important tool to control superinflammation and infection, and might also reduce the @entity409 and @entity1850 . It is essential that it is supplied early, if possible in the emergency room. New autopositioning regurgitation-resistant feeding tubes are available to facilitate such a policy.

2096220

2096221

2096222

@entity842 blunts the endothelin-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction in exercising XXXX .

multiple_choice

We have previously shown that vasodilators and vasoconstrictors that are produced by the vascular endothelium, including @entity842 (NO), @entity2918 and endothelin (ET), contribute to the regulation of systemic and pulmonary vascular tone in @entity1707 , in particular during treadmill exercise. Since NO and @entity2918 can modulate the release of ET, and vice versa, we investigated the integrated endothelial control of pulmonary vascular resistance in exercising @entity1707 . Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that increased NO and prostanoid production during exercise limits the vasoconstrictor influence of ET, so that loss of these vasodilators results in exaggerated ET-mediated vasoconstriction during exercise. Fifteen instrumented @entity1707 were exercised on a treadmill at 0-5 km h(-1) before and during ET(A)/ET(B) receptor blockade ( @entity25394 , 3 mg kg(-1) I.V.) in the presence and absence of inhibition of NO synthase (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, 20 mg kg(-1) I.V.) and/or cyclo-oxygenase ( @entity3352 , 10 mg kg(-1) I.V.). In the systemic circulation, ET receptor blockade decreased vascular resistance at rest, which waned with increasing exercise intensity. Prior inhibition of either NO or @entity25884 production augmented the vasodilator effect of ET receptor blockade, and these effects were additive. In contrast, in the pulmonary bed, ET receptor blockade had no effect under resting conditions, but decreased pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise. Prior inhibition of NO synthase enhanced the pulmonary vasodilator effect of ET receptor blockade, particularly during exercise, whereas inhibition of @entity2918 had no effect, even after prior NO synthase inhibition. In conclusion, endogenous endothelin limits pulmonary vasodilatation in response to treadmill exercise. This vasoconstrictor influence is blunted by NO but not by @entity2918 .

2096223

2096224

2096225

XXXX blunts the endothelin-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction in exercising @entity1707 .

multiple_choice

We have previously shown that vasodilators and vasoconstrictors that are produced by the vascular endothelium, including @entity842 (NO), @entity2918 and endothelin (ET), contribute to the regulation of systemic and pulmonary vascular tone in @entity1707 , in particular during treadmill exercise. Since NO and @entity2918 can modulate the release of ET, and vice versa, we investigated the integrated endothelial control of pulmonary vascular resistance in exercising @entity1707 . Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that increased NO and prostanoid production during exercise limits the vasoconstrictor influence of ET, so that loss of these vasodilators results in exaggerated ET-mediated vasoconstriction during exercise. Fifteen instrumented @entity1707 were exercised on a treadmill at 0-5 km h(-1) before and during ET(A)/ET(B) receptor blockade ( @entity25394 , 3 mg kg(-1) I.V.) in the presence and absence of inhibition of NO synthase (N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine, 20 mg kg(-1) I.V.) and/or cyclo-oxygenase ( @entity3352 , 10 mg kg(-1) I.V.). In the systemic circulation, ET receptor blockade decreased vascular resistance at rest, which waned with increasing exercise intensity. Prior inhibition of either NO or @entity25884 production augmented the vasodilator effect of ET receptor blockade, and these effects were additive. In contrast, in the pulmonary bed, ET receptor blockade had no effect under resting conditions, but decreased pulmonary vascular resistance during exercise. Prior inhibition of NO synthase enhanced the pulmonary vasodilator effect of ET receptor blockade, particularly during exercise, whereas inhibition of @entity2918 had no effect, even after prior NO synthase inhibition. In conclusion, endogenous endothelin limits pulmonary vasodilatation in response to treadmill exercise. This vasoconstrictor influence is blunted by NO but not by @entity2918 .

2096226

2096227

2096228

Reduction in @entity1386 affects the extent of afferent projections to growth hormone-releasing hormone and XXXX neurons and the degree of colocalization of neuropeptides in growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 cells of the ovine hypothalamus.

multiple_choice

Various neuropeptides and neurotransmitters affect GH secretion by acting on @entity48216 and @entity1943 ( @entity48221 ) cells. GH secretion is also affected by alteration in @entity1386 , which could be via modulation of @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells. We quantified colocalization of neuropeptides in @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells and afferent projections to these cells in lean (food restricted) and normally fed @entity742 (n=4/group). The number of @entity48216 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus was higher in lean animals, but the number of @entity48221 -IR cells in the periventricular nucleus was similar in the two groups. A subpopulation of @entity48216 -IR cells colocalized neuropeptide Y in lean animals, but this was not seen in normally fed animals. @entity48216 / @entity67970 (GAL) colocalization was higher in lean animals with no difference in numbers of @entity48216 / @entity669 hydroxylase or @entity48216 /GAL-like peptide cells. @entity48221 /enkephalin colocalization was lower in lean animals. The percentage of @entity48216 neurons receiving @entity48221 input was similar in lean and normally fed animals, but more @entity48216 cells received input from enkephalin afferents in normally fed animals. The percentage of @entity48221 cells receiving @entity48216 , neuropeptide Y, GAL, and orexin afferents was higher in lean animals. These findings provide an anatomical evidence of central mechanism(s) by which appetite-regulating peptides and @entity935 could regulate GH secretion. Increased input to @entity48221 cells in lean animals may be inhibitory and permissive of increased GH. The appearance of @entity38025 in @entity48216 cells of lean animals may be a mechanism for regulation of increasing GH secretion with reduced @entity1386 .

2096229

2096230

2096231

Reduction in @entity1386 affects the extent of afferent projections to growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 neurons and the degree of colocalization of neuropeptides in growth hormone-releasing hormone and XXXX cells of the ovine hypothalamus.

multiple_choice

Various neuropeptides and neurotransmitters affect GH secretion by acting on @entity48216 and @entity1943 ( @entity48221 ) cells. GH secretion is also affected by alteration in @entity1386 , which could be via modulation of @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells. We quantified colocalization of neuropeptides in @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells and afferent projections to these cells in lean (food restricted) and normally fed @entity742 (n=4/group). The number of @entity48216 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus was higher in lean animals, but the number of @entity48221 -IR cells in the periventricular nucleus was similar in the two groups. A subpopulation of @entity48216 -IR cells colocalized neuropeptide Y in lean animals, but this was not seen in normally fed animals. @entity48216 / @entity67970 (GAL) colocalization was higher in lean animals with no difference in numbers of @entity48216 / @entity669 hydroxylase or @entity48216 /GAL-like peptide cells. @entity48221 /enkephalin colocalization was lower in lean animals. The percentage of @entity48216 neurons receiving @entity48221 input was similar in lean and normally fed animals, but more @entity48216 cells received input from enkephalin afferents in normally fed animals. The percentage of @entity48221 cells receiving @entity48216 , neuropeptide Y, GAL, and orexin afferents was higher in lean animals. These findings provide an anatomical evidence of central mechanism(s) by which appetite-regulating peptides and @entity935 could regulate GH secretion. Increased input to @entity48221 cells in lean animals may be inhibitory and permissive of increased GH. The appearance of @entity38025 in @entity48216 cells of lean animals may be a mechanism for regulation of increasing GH secretion with reduced @entity1386 .

2096232

2096233

2096234

Reduction in XXXX affects the extent of afferent projections to growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 neurons and the degree of colocalization of neuropeptides in growth hormone-releasing hormone and @entity1943 cells of the ovine hypothalamus.

multiple_choice

Various neuropeptides and neurotransmitters affect GH secretion by acting on @entity48216 and @entity1943 ( @entity48221 ) cells. GH secretion is also affected by alteration in @entity1386 , which could be via modulation of @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells. We quantified colocalization of neuropeptides in @entity48216 and @entity48221 cells and afferent projections to these cells in lean (food restricted) and normally fed @entity742 (n=4/group). The number of @entity48216 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in the arcuate nucleus was higher in lean animals, but the number of @entity48221 -IR cells in the periventricular nucleus was similar in the two groups. A subpopulation of @entity48216 -IR cells colocalized neuropeptide Y in lean animals, but this was not seen in normally fed animals. @entity48216 / @entity67970 (GAL) colocalization was higher in lean animals with no difference in numbers of @entity48216 / @entity669 hydroxylase or @entity48216 /GAL-like peptide cells. @entity48221 /enkephalin colocalization was lower in lean animals. The percentage of @entity48216 neurons receiving @entity48221 input was similar in lean and normally fed animals, but more @entity48216 cells received input from enkephalin afferents in normally fed animals. The percentage of @entity48221 cells receiving @entity48216 , neuropeptide Y, GAL, and orexin afferents was higher in lean animals. These findings provide an anatomical evidence of central mechanism(s) by which appetite-regulating peptides and @entity935 could regulate GH secretion. Increased input to @entity48221 cells in lean animals may be inhibitory and permissive of increased GH. The appearance of @entity38025 in @entity48216 cells of lean animals may be a mechanism for regulation of increasing GH secretion with reduced @entity1386 .

2096235

2096236

2096237

Effects of education to facilitate knowledge about XXXX for adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1118 can contribute to disability, @entity308 , @entity148 , @entity25 , poor quality of life and increased health care costs, with close to 20 % of the adult population in Europe reporting @entity1118 . To empower the @entity1 to self-manage, it is advocated that education and training about the nature of @entity158 and its effects and how to live with @entity158 is provided. The objective of this review is to determine the level of evidence for education to facilitate knowledge about @entity1118 , delivered as a stand-alone intervention for adults, to reduce @entity158 and disability. METHODS: We identified randomised controlled trials of educational intervention for @entity1118 by searching CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE and ongoing trials registries (inception to December 2013). Main inclusion criteria were (1) @entity158 >3 months; (2) study design that allowed isolation of effects of education and (3) measures of @entity158 or disability. Two reviewers independently screened and appraised each study. RESULTS: Nine studies were analysed. Pooled data from five studies, where the comparator group was usual care, showed no improvement in @entity158 or disability. In the other four studies, comparing different types of education, there was no evidence for an improvement in @entity158 ; although, there was evidence (from one study) of a decrease in disability with a particular form of @entity158 ( @entity158 ). Post-hoc analysis of psychosocial outcomes reported in the studies showed evidence of a reduction in catastrophising and an increase of knowledge about @entity158 following @entity158 . CONCLUSIONS: The evidence base is limited by the small numbers of studies, their relatively small sample sizes, and the diversity in types of education studied. From that limited evidence, the only support for this type of education is for @entity158 , though it is insufficiently strong to recommend conclusively that @entity158 should be delivered as a stand-alone intervention. It therefore remains sensible to recommend that education be delivered in conjunction with other @entity158 management approaches as we cannot confidently conclude that education alone is effective in reducing @entity158 intensity or related disability in @entity1118 in adults.

2096238

2096239

2096240

The emergency department approach to violently injured XXXX care: a regional survey.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Since the early 1990s public health workers have challenged healthcare practitioners to take an active role in violence prevention with @entity1 aged 10-24 years. @entity341 ( @entity341 ) clinicians are uniquely positioned to identify, assess, and refer youth involved in violent events. The objective of this study was to describe @entity341 directors' estimate of the number of violently injured youth seen, the presence of established protocols or guidelines for @entity12168 , and the type of training programs offered to @entity341 physicians regarding this issue. METHODS: The authors conducted a survey of EDs (n = 64) in the Philadelphia metropolitan region to determine the standard of @entity341 care for violently injured youths. Half of the EDs were in urban areas and half in suburban. RESULTS: A total of 41 out of 64 (64.1%) @entity341 directors completed and returned the written questionnaire. In addition to treating the specific injuries sustained, @entity341 responses to youth violence primarily involved talking with @entity1 about the events surrounding the injury. The estimated number of violently injured youth seen per month varied considerably. Twenty four directors (58.5%) estimated that their institution treated fewer than 10 per month; 10 (24.4%) reported 11-30, and seven (17.1%) mostly large urban hospitals, saw more than 30 per month. Although most hospitals reported that the staff counsels @entity1 about safety concerns, only 17% offered their staff formal training programs on youth violence. CONCLUSIONS: To address the prevention of youth violence, EDs need specific training programs for @entity341 staff, as well as systematic risk assessment and referral resources for structured intervention and follow up.

2096241

2096242

2096243

Extracellular signaling molecules to promote XXXX healing and bone regeneration.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: To date, the delivery of signaling molecules for bone regeneration has focused primarily on factors that directly affect the bone formation pathways (osteoinduction) or that serve to increase the number of bone forming progenitor cells. The first commercialized growth factors approved for bone regeneration, @entity20840 ( @entity1841 and @entity12017 ), are direct inducers of osteoblast differentiation. As well, newer generations of potential therapeutics that target the Wnt signaling pathway are also direct osteoinducers. On the other hand, some signaling molecules may play a role as mitogens and serve to increase the number of bone producing cells or may increase vascularization. This is true for factors such as Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) or Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF). @entity7 ( @entity7 ) likely has a special role. Not only does it induce new blood vessel formation, it also has direct effects on osteoblasts through endothelial cell-based BMP production. In addition to these pathways that classically have targeted bone production, there are also opportunities to target other aspects of the bone healing process such as @entity32 , vascularization, and cell ingress to the @entity174 site. Bone regeneration is highly complex with defined, yet overlapping stages of healing. We will review established and novel extracellular signaling factors associated with various stages of @entity174 healing that could be targeted to promote enhanced bone regeneration. Importantly, multiple potential cell and tissues could be targeted to enhance healing in addition to focusing solely on osteoinductive therapeutics.

2096244

2096245

2096246

The relationship between serum hormone levels (follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, total XXXX ) and semen parameters.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of serum gonadotropin and total @entity251 levels on semen parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-two @entity1 that applied to a @entity4810 polyclinic were included in our study. Serum gonadotropin and total @entity251 levels and semen parameters of the @entity1 were analyzed during the first visit to the clinic. The reference FSH value was 1.5-12.4 mIU/mL, that of LH was 1.7-8.6 mIU/mL and the reference value for total @entity251 was 249-836 ng/dL. RESULTS: While there was no statistically significant difference between the @entity1 with low gonadotropin levels and the controls regarding any of the semen parameters (p > 0.05), there was a strong statistically significant difference between the @entity1 with high gonadotropin levels and the controls regarding sperm concentration (p = 0.000), total motility (p = 0.000), progressive motility (p = 0.000), and morphology (p = 0.000). There was a strong statistically significant difference between the @entity1 with low @entity251 levels and the controls regarding total motility (p = 0.012) and progressive motility (p = 0.010), and a weak statistically significant difference in morphology (p = 0.042). There was no statistically significant difference in semen volume or sperm concentration (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in any of the semen parameters between the @entity1 with high @entity251 levels and the controls (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings especially regarding LH and T levels are not in agreement with previous reports. In this regard, there is a need for larger-scale and randomized trials to resolve this discrepancy.

2096247

2096248

2096249

Respiratory and general XXXX of workers employed in a municipal solid waste disposal at an open landfill site in Delhi.

multiple_choice

The objective of this study was to examine the respiratory and general health of workers employed in a municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal at an open landfill site in India. Ninety-six landfill workers of Okhla landfill site, Delhi, and 90 controls matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic conditions were enrolled. Health data was obtained from questionnaire surveys, clinical examination and laboratory investigations. Lung function was evaluated by spirometry. Compared with matched controls, landfill workers had significantly higher prevalences of both upper and lower respiratory symptoms, and they suffered more often from @entity294 , @entity364 and ulceration of the @entity809 in the extremities, tingling or @entity1183 , @entity2414 , and @entity308 . Spirometry revealed @entity73 in 62% of the landfill workers compared to 27% of the controls. Sputum cytology showed @entity1544 , abundance of inflammatory cells, alveolar macrophages (AM) and siderophages (macrophages with @entity68 deposits), and high elastase enzyme activity in neutrophils and AM of a majority of landfill workers, indicating adverse cellular lung reaction. Hematological profiles of these workers depicted low hemoglobin and erythrocyte levels with high total leukocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts. Erythrocytes with target cell morphology were abundant in 42% of the landfill workers compared to 10% of the controls. @entity137 granulation in neutrophils, an indication of @entity281 and @entity32 , was recorded in 94% of the landfill workers and in 49% of the controls. The results demonstrated higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms, @entity32 of the airways, lung function decrement and a wide range of general health problems in MSW disposal workers.

2096250

2096251

2096252

Preliminary study of correlations between the intratumoral microvessel density and the morphological profile of XXXX .

multiple_choice

AIM: New blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) is a fundamental event in the process of @entity5 growth and metastatic dissemination. The aim was to evaluate intratumoral vascular density (ITMVD) and to analyze possible correlations between ITMVD and the morphological profile of @entity14 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The studied group consisted of 50 @entity1 that underwent surgery for @entity14 , 12 of them receiving preoperatory radiotherapy. The analyzed morphological parameters were @entity5 site, @entity5 gross aspect, @entity5 longitudinal and transverse diameter, @entity5 grading, local invasion (pT), regional invasion (pN), distant metastases (pM) and intratumoral microvessel density (ITMVD) expressed as number of capillaries mm . The malignant tissue samples were included in @entity982 blocks and serial tissue sections were cut both for @entity1710 - @entity1711 staining and @entity2280 immunomarking. For each case, five consecutive fields without @entity39 were randomly selected with *10 objective. Quantitative measurements were performed using special software for image analysis. RESULTS: For non-irradiated @entity14 , ITMVD was the highest in rectal localization, in infiltrative @entity5 , in circumferential @entity5 , in @entity5 with @entity258 , in moderately @entity5 and in pT4, pN0 and pM1 @entity5 . DISCUSSION: Correlations showed different trends of ITMVD depending on each parameter: ITMVD was higher when the @entity5 was closer to the rectum, when it was more infiltrative, more circumferential or with low longitudinal diameter. These trends might be exploited in defining future anti-angiogenic therapeutic strategies. CONCLUSIONS: There were some interesting correlations between ITMVD and studied morphological parameters that have to be validated on larger series of cases.

2096253

2096254

2096255

XXXX : clinical, dermatoscopic and histopathological findings.

multiple_choice

@entity17142 is @entity189 . It is a benign, small @entity5 , usually under a centimeter in diameter, which develops in the basal cells of the hair follicle. CASE REPORT: We present the case of a 30-year-old female @entity1 , from rural area, which was hospitalized in the Clinic of Dermatology, Emergency County Hospital, Craiova, Romania, in March 2015, for the presence of a @entity1489 , with round-oval shape, 0.5 cm in diameter, brownish colored, located on the left cervical region. The @entity1 had no past medical history. The @entity1489 appeared two years ago, and it was slowly increasing in size. Physical examination was in normal ranges. The dermatoscopic examination reveal a pearly white background covered with @entity5 islands that were oval shaped, with @entity2117 , centered by keratin cysts and surrounded by collagen. During hospitalization, we performed @entity5 biopsy. The histopathological examination showed microscopic structure of @entity17142 . After history taking, physical examination, dermatoscopic examination and histopathological result, our diagnosis was left cervical @entity17142 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity17142 is a rare @entity5 , which appears at any age, including newborns, with potential for local recurrence. Our case report represents a classic @entity17142 , that can have close resemblance to @entity1491 and other skin @entity5 , clinically, dermatoscopic and histopathological.

2096256

2096257

2096258

[Penile tunica albuginea plication for the treatment of XXXX secondary @entity545 ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a retrospective analysis, our long-term results of @entity1 undergoing the Essed plication procedure for the correction of @entity546 due to @entity545 . METHODS: Between January 1998 and June 2003, 83 @entity1 with acquired penile deviation were treated with the Essed technique in our hospital. We analyse the following data: age, main complaint, type of deviation, erection before and after the surgery, physical exploration, ecographic data, complications and results. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 36 months. Main complaint was @entity546 in 96.3% of @entity1 . The most frequent types of deviation were dorsal (55.4%) and left lateral (48.1%). Erection before surgery was sufficient for sexual intercourse in 74.7%. Physical exploration revealed a plaque in 79.5% of the @entity1 . 93% of the cases reported @entity546 correction or residual deviation < 10 degrees. 65.1% of the @entity1 were satisfied or very satisfied with the result of the operation and 64% were able to perform sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: The Essed plication is a simple and minimally invasive method for correcting acquired penile deviation. Although functional results seem to be satisfactory, in our experience the degree of satisfaction with the outcome is not as good, among the @entity1 , as it could be expected.

2096259

2096260

2096261

[Penile tunica albuginea plication for the treatment of @entity546 secondary XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a retrospective analysis, our long-term results of @entity1 undergoing the Essed plication procedure for the correction of @entity546 due to @entity545 . METHODS: Between January 1998 and June 2003, 83 @entity1 with acquired penile deviation were treated with the Essed technique in our hospital. We analyse the following data: age, main complaint, type of deviation, erection before and after the surgery, physical exploration, ecographic data, complications and results. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 36 months. Main complaint was @entity546 in 96.3% of @entity1 . The most frequent types of deviation were dorsal (55.4%) and left lateral (48.1%). Erection before surgery was sufficient for sexual intercourse in 74.7%. Physical exploration revealed a plaque in 79.5% of the @entity1 . 93% of the cases reported @entity546 correction or residual deviation < 10 degrees. 65.1% of the @entity1 were satisfied or very satisfied with the result of the operation and 64% were able to perform sexual intercourse. CONCLUSIONS: The Essed plication is a simple and minimally invasive method for correcting acquired penile deviation. Although functional results seem to be satisfactory, in our experience the degree of satisfaction with the outcome is not as good, among the @entity1 , as it could be expected.

2096262

2096263

2096264

MRI Findings of Disc Degeneration are More Prevalent in Adults with Low Back XXXX than in Asymptomatic Controls: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Imaging features of @entity528 are common in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. We compared the prevalence of MR imaging features of lumbar @entity528 in adults 50 years of age and younger with and without self-reported @entity1643 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of studies reporting the prevalence of degenerative lumbar spine MR imaging findings in asymptomatic and symptomatic adults 50 years of age or younger. Symptomatic individuals had @entity1643 with or without radicular symptoms. Two reviewers evaluated each article for the following outcomes: disc bulge, @entity1797 , disc extrusion, disc protrusion, annular fissures, Modic 1 changes, any Modic changes, central @entity850 , spondylolisthesis, and spondylolysis. The meta-analysis was performed by using a random-effects model. RESULTS: An initial search yielded 280 unique studies. Fourteen (5.0%) met the inclusion criteria (3097 individuals; 1193, 38.6%, asymptomatic; 1904, 61.4%, symptomatic). Imaging findings with a higher prevalence in symptomatic individuals 50 years of age or younger included disc bulge (OR, 7.54; 95% CI, 1.28-44.56; P = .03), spondylolysis (OR, 5.06; 95% CI, 1.65-15.53; P < .01), disc extrusion (OR, 4.38; 95% CI, 1.98-9.68; P < .01), Modic 1 changes (OR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.10-14.55; P = .04), disc protrusion (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.52-4.62; P < .01), and @entity1797 (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.21-4.15, P = .01). Imaging findings not associated with @entity1643 included any Modic change (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 0.48-5.41, P = .43), central @entity850 (OR, 20.58; 95% CI, 0.05-798.77; P = .32), high-intensity zone (OR = 2.10; 95% CI, 0.73-6.02; P = .17), annular fissures (OR = 1.79; 95% CI, 0.97-3.31; P = .06), and spondylolisthesis (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 0.78-3.24; P = .20). CONCLUSIONS: Meta-analysis demonstrates that MR imaging evidence of disc bulge, degeneration, extrusion, protrusion, Modic 1 changes, and spondylolysis are more prevalent in adults 50 years of age or younger with back @entity158 compared with asymptomatic individuals.

2096265

2096266

2096267

Structural and Functional Studies of the XXXX Minor Pilin, PilE.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Many bacterial pathogens, including @entity796 , use type IVa pili (T4aP) for attachment and twitching motility. T4aP are composed primarily of major pilin subunits, which are repeatedly assembled and disassembled to mediate function. A group of pilin-like proteins, the minor pilins FimU and PilVWXE, prime @entity20740 and are incorporated into the pilus. We showed previously that minor pilin PilE depends on the putative priming subcomplex PilVWX and the non-pilin protein PilY1 for incorporation into pili, and that with FimU, PilE may couple the priming subcomplex to the major pilin PilA, allowing for @entity20740 . Here we provide further support for this model, showing interaction of PilE with other minor pilins and the major pilin. A 1.25 crystal structure of PilE 1-28 shows a typical type IV pilin fold, showing how it may be incorporated into the pilus. Despite limited sequence identity, PilE is structurally similar to @entity3631 minor pilins PilXNm and PilVNm, recently suggested via characterization of mCherry fusions to modulate @entity20740 from within the periplasm. A @entity796 PilE-mCherry fusion failed to @entity717 or piliation of a pilE mutant. However, in a retraction-deficient strain where surface piliation depends solely on PilE, the fusion construct restored some surface piliation. PilE-mCherry was present in sheared surface fractions, suggesting that it was incorporated into pili. Together, these data provide evidence that PilE, the sole @entity796 equivalent of PilXNm and PilVNm, likely connects a priming subcomplex to the major pilin, promoting efficient assembly of T4aP.

2096268

2096269

2096270

Association between polymorphisms in the @entity25577 gene and XXXX in the Korean population.

multiple_choice

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation plays a central role in @entity2690 resistance and @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity25577 ( @entity25577 ) is a transcription factor that acts on nuclear genes encoding respiratory subunits and components of the mitochondrial transcription and replication machinery. Thus, we investigated its genetic association with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: The @entity25577 gene was sequenced to identify polymorphisms in 24 Korean DNA samples and then common variants were genotyped in 766 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 303 non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS: Twelve single @entity377 polymorphisms and one insertion/deletion polymorphism were identified. Six common variants among them were genotyped in a larger study. Although three individual polymorphisms appeared to be associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 (g.-46350insdel A, @entity67971 and @entity67972 ), the effects were only marginal. However, a haplotype (H2) was associated with a decreased risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 and another haplotype (H4) was associated with an increased risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (p values for the Haplo. Score test were 0.009 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We demonstrated that two common haplotypes of @entity25577 gene are associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the Korean population.

2096271

2096272

2096273

Association between polymorphisms in the XXXX gene and @entity6 in the Korean population.

multiple_choice

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Dysfunction in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation plays a central role in @entity2690 resistance and @entity164 2 @entity6 . @entity25577 ( @entity25577 ) is a transcription factor that acts on nuclear genes encoding respiratory subunits and components of the mitochondrial transcription and replication machinery. Thus, we investigated its genetic association with @entity164 2 @entity6 . METHODS: The @entity25577 gene was sequenced to identify polymorphisms in 24 Korean DNA samples and then common variants were genotyped in 766 @entity1 with @entity164 2 @entity6 and 303 non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS: Twelve single @entity377 polymorphisms and one insertion/deletion polymorphism were identified. Six common variants among them were genotyped in a larger study. Although three individual polymorphisms appeared to be associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 (g.-46350insdel A, @entity67971 and @entity67972 ), the effects were only marginal. However, a haplotype (H2) was associated with a decreased risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 and another haplotype (H4) was associated with an increased risk of @entity164 2 @entity6 (p values for the Haplo. Score test were 0.009 and 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We demonstrated that two common haplotypes of @entity25577 gene are associated with @entity164 2 @entity6 in the Korean population.

2096274

2096275

2096276

Improvement of detection specificity of XXXX -infected @entity19 erythrocytes by flow cytometry using autofluorescence and YOYO-1.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Microscopic analysis of blood smears is currently the most frequently used method to measure @entity5895 in experiments of drug efficacy in @entity19 models of @entity311 . However, it is subjective and labour intensive, which preclude its utilization in large-scale evaluation programs. Flow cytometry is an alternative method, but due to the limited specificity achieved with the currently available techniques, it has not been widely used in @entity19 models of @entity311 during preclinical evaluation. We describe a new flow cytometric method based on the differences of autofluorescence and DNA content measured after staining with YOYO-1 that are observed in infected erythrocytes compared with noninfected erythrocytes. METHODS: Samples of blood from @entity501 -infected animals were fixed with @entity3584 , incubated with RNAase, and stained with YOYO-1 in 96-well plate format. After acquisition, erythrocytes gated in logarithmic side/scatter plots were analyzed in bidimensional FL-2/YOYO-1 plots in comparison with unidimensional YOYO-1 analysis. RESULTS: The infected erythrocytes showed a characteristic pattern of staining different from that of noninfected erythrocytes. In routine evaluation, the limit of sensitivity was 0.01% and the measurements of @entity5895 were linear at @entity5895 above 0.1%. Interestingly, using this approach, infected reticulocytes could be differentiated from infected normocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The method described is robust, increases the specificity and sensitivity of detection in routine testing, and is especially well suited for detection of low @entity5895 in @entity19 models of @entity311 .

2096277

2096278

2096279

Improvement of detection specificity of @entity501 -infected XXXX erythrocytes by flow cytometry using autofluorescence and YOYO-1.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Microscopic analysis of blood smears is currently the most frequently used method to measure @entity5895 in experiments of drug efficacy in @entity19 models of @entity311 . However, it is subjective and labour intensive, which preclude its utilization in large-scale evaluation programs. Flow cytometry is an alternative method, but due to the limited specificity achieved with the currently available techniques, it has not been widely used in @entity19 models of @entity311 during preclinical evaluation. We describe a new flow cytometric method based on the differences of autofluorescence and DNA content measured after staining with YOYO-1 that are observed in infected erythrocytes compared with noninfected erythrocytes. METHODS: Samples of blood from @entity501 -infected animals were fixed with @entity3584 , incubated with RNAase, and stained with YOYO-1 in 96-well plate format. After acquisition, erythrocytes gated in logarithmic side/scatter plots were analyzed in bidimensional FL-2/YOYO-1 plots in comparison with unidimensional YOYO-1 analysis. RESULTS: The infected erythrocytes showed a characteristic pattern of staining different from that of noninfected erythrocytes. In routine evaluation, the limit of sensitivity was 0.01% and the measurements of @entity5895 were linear at @entity5895 above 0.1%. Interestingly, using this approach, infected reticulocytes could be differentiated from infected normocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The method described is robust, increases the specificity and sensitivity of detection in routine testing, and is especially well suited for detection of low @entity5895 in @entity19 models of @entity311 .

2096280

2096281

2096282

Incidence and risk factors for graft @entity397 and XXXX after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 and of ACL graft @entity397 after ACL reconstruction using either patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autograft, and to identify any @entity1 characteristics that may increase this risk. TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, 760 endoscopic ACL reconstructions were performed in 743 @entity1 . Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft was used in 316 @entity1 and 4-strand hamstring tendon in 427 @entity1 . Those @entity1 with a previous contralateral ACL @entity397 or those who underwent a simultaneous bilateral ACL reconstruction were excluded, leaving 675 knees (675 @entity1 ) for review. @entity1 not involved in the index operation or the care of the @entity1 conducted follow-up assessment by telephone interview conducted 5 years after surgery. @entity1 were questioned about the incidence of ACL graft @entity397 , contralateral ACL @entity397 , symptoms of instability or significant injury, family history of @entity130 , and activity level according to the International Knee Documentation Committee scale. From our prospective database we obtained further information on graft source, meniscal or articular surface injury, and gender. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the relative association between the measured variables and the risk of graft @entity397 and contralateral ACL @entity397 . RESULTS: Five years after primary ACL reconstruction, 612 of the 675 @entity1 (90.7%) were assessed. ACL graft @entity397 occurred in 39 @entity1 (6%) and contralateral ACL @entity397 occurred in 35 @entity1 (6%). Three @entity1 suffered both a graft @entity397 and a @entity130 . The odds of ACL graft @entity397 were increased 3-fold by a contact mechanism of @entity130 . Return to level 1 or 2 sports increased the risk of @entity130 by a factor of 10. The risk of sustaining an ACL graft @entity397 was greatest in the first 12 months after reconstruction. No other studied variable increased the risk of repeat @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: After reconstruction, repeat @entity130 occurred in 12% of @entity1 over 5 years. Twelve months after reconstruction, the ACL graft is at no greater risk than the contralateral ACL, suggesting that adequate graft and muscular function for most activities is achieved by this time. Risk factors for repeat @entity130 identified included a return to competitive side-stepping, pivoting, or jumping sports, and the contact mechanism of the index injury. Female @entity1 were at no greater risk of repeat @entity130 than male @entity1 and graft choice did not affect the rate of repeat @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

2096283

2096284

2096285

Incidence and risk factors for graft XXXX and @entity397 after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the rates of contralateral anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) @entity397 and of ACL graft @entity397 after ACL reconstruction using either patellar tendon or hamstring tendon autograft, and to identify any @entity1 characteristics that may increase this risk. TYPE OF STUDY: Case series. METHODS: Over a 2-year period, 760 endoscopic ACL reconstructions were performed in 743 @entity1 . Bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft was used in 316 @entity1 and 4-strand hamstring tendon in 427 @entity1 . Those @entity1 with a previous contralateral ACL @entity397 or those who underwent a simultaneous bilateral ACL reconstruction were excluded, leaving 675 knees (675 @entity1 ) for review. @entity1 not involved in the index operation or the care of the @entity1 conducted follow-up assessment by telephone interview conducted 5 years after surgery. @entity1 were questioned about the incidence of ACL graft @entity397 , contralateral ACL @entity397 , symptoms of instability or significant injury, family history of @entity130 , and activity level according to the International Knee Documentation Committee scale. From our prospective database we obtained further information on graft source, meniscal or articular surface injury, and gender. Binary logistic regression was used to measure the relative association between the measured variables and the risk of graft @entity397 and contralateral ACL @entity397 . RESULTS: Five years after primary ACL reconstruction, 612 of the 675 @entity1 (90.7%) were assessed. ACL graft @entity397 occurred in 39 @entity1 (6%) and contralateral ACL @entity397 occurred in 35 @entity1 (6%). Three @entity1 suffered both a graft @entity397 and a @entity130 . The odds of ACL graft @entity397 were increased 3-fold by a contact mechanism of @entity130 . Return to level 1 or 2 sports increased the risk of @entity130 by a factor of 10. The risk of sustaining an ACL graft @entity397 was greatest in the first 12 months after reconstruction. No other studied variable increased the risk of repeat @entity130 . CONCLUSIONS: After reconstruction, repeat @entity130 occurred in 12% of @entity1 over 5 years. Twelve months after reconstruction, the ACL graft is at no greater risk than the contralateral ACL, suggesting that adequate graft and muscular function for most activities is achieved by this time. Risk factors for repeat @entity130 identified included a return to competitive side-stepping, pivoting, or jumping sports, and the contact mechanism of the index injury. Female @entity1 were at no greater risk of repeat @entity130 than male @entity1 and graft choice did not affect the rate of repeat @entity130 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

2096286

2096287

2096288

Clinical utility of coronary XXXX scoring after nonischemic myocardial perfusion imaging.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery @entity460 (CAC) scoring is increasingly being used after myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) to detect preclinical @entity453 ( @entity453 ). However, there are few data to support this approach. METHODS AND RESULTS: We reviewed 200 consecutive @entity1 without known @entity453 who were referred for CAC scoring shortly after nonischemic MPI. Of these, 13 (6.5%) had CAC scores greater than 400, indicating significant @entity453 ; 22 (11%) had CAC scores of 101 to 400; 27 had CAC scores of 11 to 100; and the remainder (n = 138) has CAC scores of 1 to 10. Traditional risk factors and @entity1 characteristics were not significant predictors of CAC scores of 101 or greater. However, age and the Framingham risk score were predictors of CAC scores greater than 0. At follow-up, significantly more @entity1 with CAC scores of 101 or greater had been given the advice to take lipid-lowering medication and @entity117 compared with those with CAC scores of 0. CONCLUSIONS: Of @entity1 referred for CAC scoring after nonischemic MPI, 17.5% were identified as having @entity453 based on a CAC score greater than 100, allowing intervention with aggressive medical therapy. @entity1 who were reclassified were not easily identifiable by traditional risk factors, but Framingham risk score did predict the presence of CAC. Clinicians modified medical therapy based on the results of CAC scoring.

2096289

2096290

2096291

Lung infection due to opportunistic fungus, Phialemonium obovatum, in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an @entity281 with XXXX and @entity344 .

multiple_choice

We report the first case of @entity12045 with subsequent caseating granulomatas in the lung and @entity344 in a bone marrow transplant recipient. This phaeoid fungus has been rarely described as an @entity1292 in immunosuppressed @entity1 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1860 and underwent subsequent peripheral bone marrow transplant. After 6 months, he developed @entity2132 and severe @entity294 . Fecal bacterial cultures and @entity2803 serologies were negative. Computed tomographic scan showed a peripheral pulmonary mass. A lung wedge biopsy of the lesion showed septate branching hyphae (4-5 microm in diameter) with terminal globular structures (10 microm in diameter). The hyphae were similar in width to that of an Aspergillus species but had a more moniliform appearance. Blood cultures grew a pure culture of P. obovatum. He was treated with @entity2379 and @entity2059 for 6 months without remission of the @entity294 . Biopsies of the stomach, colon, and rectum showed @entity32 with marked crypt distortion simulating @entity30 . In retrospect, the fungus was found to be resistant to both of the aforementioned drugs and susceptible to @entity5074 and @entity7143 . The gastrointestinal findings raise the possibility of further dissemination of a partially treated @entity281 .

2096292

2096293

2096294

Lung infection due to opportunistic fungus, Phialemonium obovatum, in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an @entity281 with @entity12045 and XXXX .

multiple_choice

We report the first case of @entity12045 with subsequent caseating granulomatas in the lung and @entity344 in a bone marrow transplant recipient. This phaeoid fungus has been rarely described as an @entity1292 in immunosuppressed @entity1 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1860 and underwent subsequent peripheral bone marrow transplant. After 6 months, he developed @entity2132 and severe @entity294 . Fecal bacterial cultures and @entity2803 serologies were negative. Computed tomographic scan showed a peripheral pulmonary mass. A lung wedge biopsy of the lesion showed septate branching hyphae (4-5 microm in diameter) with terminal globular structures (10 microm in diameter). The hyphae were similar in width to that of an Aspergillus species but had a more moniliform appearance. Blood cultures grew a pure culture of P. obovatum. He was treated with @entity2379 and @entity2059 for 6 months without remission of the @entity294 . Biopsies of the stomach, colon, and rectum showed @entity32 with marked crypt distortion simulating @entity30 . In retrospect, the fungus was found to be resistant to both of the aforementioned drugs and susceptible to @entity5074 and @entity7143 . The gastrointestinal findings raise the possibility of further dissemination of a partially treated @entity281 .

2096295

2096296

2096297

Lung infection due to opportunistic fungus, Phialemonium obovatum, in a bone marrow transplant recipient: an XXXX with @entity12045 and @entity344 .

multiple_choice

We report the first case of @entity12045 with subsequent caseating granulomatas in the lung and @entity344 in a bone marrow transplant recipient. This phaeoid fungus has been rarely described as an @entity1292 in immunosuppressed @entity1 . The @entity1 was diagnosed with @entity1860 and underwent subsequent peripheral bone marrow transplant. After 6 months, he developed @entity2132 and severe @entity294 . Fecal bacterial cultures and @entity2803 serologies were negative. Computed tomographic scan showed a peripheral pulmonary mass. A lung wedge biopsy of the lesion showed septate branching hyphae (4-5 microm in diameter) with terminal globular structures (10 microm in diameter). The hyphae were similar in width to that of an Aspergillus species but had a more moniliform appearance. Blood cultures grew a pure culture of P. obovatum. He was treated with @entity2379 and @entity2059 for 6 months without remission of the @entity294 . Biopsies of the stomach, colon, and rectum showed @entity32 with marked crypt distortion simulating @entity30 . In retrospect, the fungus was found to be resistant to both of the aforementioned drugs and susceptible to @entity5074 and @entity7143 . The gastrointestinal findings raise the possibility of further dissemination of a partially treated @entity281 .

2096298

2096299

2096300

@entity1068 withdrawal-associated @entity1931 and XXXX : age-dependent regulation by protein kinase C epsilon and gamma isoenzymes.

multiple_choice

@entity1068 ( @entity167 ) withdrawal increases sensitivity to painful stimuli in adult @entity35 . In this study, withdrawal from a single, acute administration of @entity167 dose-dependently produced mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in postnatal day 7 (P7) @entity35 . In contrast, @entity7504 @entity35 exhibited earlier and more prolonged mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity1931 . For both P7 and @entity7504 @entity35 , blood and spinal cord @entity167 levels peaked at 30 minutes after administration, with P7 @entity35 achieving overall higher spinal cord concentrations. @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) has been implicated in mediating @entity158 responses. Inhibitory @entity7131 - and gamma-specific peptides attenuated mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in P7 @entity35 , whereas only the @entity25963 inhibitor prevented mechanical @entity1931 in @entity7504 @entity35 . Immunoreactive @entity7131 in dorsal root ganglion and @entity25963 in lumbar spinal cord increased at 6 hours after @entity167 administration in P7 @entity35 . In @entity7504 @entity35 , the density of @entity7131 immunoreactivity remained unchanged, whereas the density of @entity25963 immunoreactivity increased and translocation occurred. These studies demonstrate developmental differences in neonatal nociceptive responses after withdrawal from acute @entity167 and implicate a role for specific @entity7131 isozymes in @entity167 withdrawal-associated @entity1931 and @entity1931 . PERSPECTIVE: This study examines age-specific nociceptive responses after @entity1068 exposure by using 2 different ages of @entity35 . The results suggest that @entity1068 age-dependently alters sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli via specific protein kinase C isozymes. These results begin to ascertain the mechanisms that produce @entity158 after @entity167 exposure.

2096301

2096302

2096303

@entity1068 withdrawal-associated XXXX and @entity1931 : age-dependent regulation by protein kinase C epsilon and gamma isoenzymes.

multiple_choice

@entity1068 ( @entity167 ) withdrawal increases sensitivity to painful stimuli in adult @entity35 . In this study, withdrawal from a single, acute administration of @entity167 dose-dependently produced mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in postnatal day 7 (P7) @entity35 . In contrast, @entity7504 @entity35 exhibited earlier and more prolonged mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity1931 . For both P7 and @entity7504 @entity35 , blood and spinal cord @entity167 levels peaked at 30 minutes after administration, with P7 @entity35 achieving overall higher spinal cord concentrations. @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) has been implicated in mediating @entity158 responses. Inhibitory @entity7131 - and gamma-specific peptides attenuated mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in P7 @entity35 , whereas only the @entity25963 inhibitor prevented mechanical @entity1931 in @entity7504 @entity35 . Immunoreactive @entity7131 in dorsal root ganglion and @entity25963 in lumbar spinal cord increased at 6 hours after @entity167 administration in P7 @entity35 . In @entity7504 @entity35 , the density of @entity7131 immunoreactivity remained unchanged, whereas the density of @entity25963 immunoreactivity increased and translocation occurred. These studies demonstrate developmental differences in neonatal nociceptive responses after withdrawal from acute @entity167 and implicate a role for specific @entity7131 isozymes in @entity167 withdrawal-associated @entity1931 and @entity1931 . PERSPECTIVE: This study examines age-specific nociceptive responses after @entity1068 exposure by using 2 different ages of @entity35 . The results suggest that @entity1068 age-dependently alters sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli via specific protein kinase C isozymes. These results begin to ascertain the mechanisms that produce @entity158 after @entity167 exposure.

2096304

2096305

2096306

XXXX withdrawal-associated @entity1931 and @entity1931 : age-dependent regulation by protein kinase C epsilon and gamma isoenzymes.

multiple_choice

@entity1068 ( @entity167 ) withdrawal increases sensitivity to painful stimuli in adult @entity35 . In this study, withdrawal from a single, acute administration of @entity167 dose-dependently produced mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in postnatal day 7 (P7) @entity35 . In contrast, @entity7504 @entity35 exhibited earlier and more prolonged mechanical @entity1931 but not thermal @entity1931 . For both P7 and @entity7504 @entity35 , blood and spinal cord @entity167 levels peaked at 30 minutes after administration, with P7 @entity35 achieving overall higher spinal cord concentrations. @entity7131 ( @entity7131 ) has been implicated in mediating @entity158 responses. Inhibitory @entity7131 - and gamma-specific peptides attenuated mechanical @entity1931 and thermal @entity1931 in P7 @entity35 , whereas only the @entity25963 inhibitor prevented mechanical @entity1931 in @entity7504 @entity35 . Immunoreactive @entity7131 in dorsal root ganglion and @entity25963 in lumbar spinal cord increased at 6 hours after @entity167 administration in P7 @entity35 . In @entity7504 @entity35 , the density of @entity7131 immunoreactivity remained unchanged, whereas the density of @entity25963 immunoreactivity increased and translocation occurred. These studies demonstrate developmental differences in neonatal nociceptive responses after withdrawal from acute @entity167 and implicate a role for specific @entity7131 isozymes in @entity167 withdrawal-associated @entity1931 and @entity1931 . PERSPECTIVE: This study examines age-specific nociceptive responses after @entity1068 exposure by using 2 different ages of @entity35 . The results suggest that @entity1068 age-dependently alters sensitivity to mechanical and thermal stimuli via specific protein kinase C isozymes. These results begin to ascertain the mechanisms that produce @entity158 after @entity167 exposure.

2096307

2096308

2096309

[Treatment of malignant XXXX . A prospective study over 80 cases].

multiple_choice

AIM: Of the work: evaluation of a multidisciplinary strategy and a prospective medicosurgical protocol for the treatment of @entity432 due to unresectable peritoneal @entity189 . @entity1 AND METHODS: All the included @entity1 had @entity432 and @entity189 . None could benefit a curative treatment. 75 @entity1 were included for 80 episodes of @entity1321 . The protocol involved three successive therapeutic phases. (i) Treatment during five days by corticosteroids associated to antiemetic agents, anticholinergic antisecretory agents, and analgesics as needed (Phase I); (ii) In the event of refractory occlusive symptoms treatment by @entity1943 analog during 3 days (phase II); (iii) If this treatment was ineffective a gastrostomy was performed (phase III). RESULTS: Median survival was 31 days. Outcome showed that for the 80 episodes of obstruction, phase I medical treatment enabled relief in 50 cases (63%) and phase II medical treatment ( @entity1943 ) enabled relief in 11 cases (14%). 10 more @entity1 (13%) were relieved by the gastrostomie and one by a duodenal endoprothesis. Symptom control without a long-term nasogastric tube was achieved for 72 of the 80 episodes (90%). Fifty-eight episodes (72% of overall total) were controlled for 10 days or less. Median time to gastrostomy was 17 days. Eight @entity1 experienced persistent @entity391 and required a nasogastric aspiration until @entity204 . CONCLUSION: This multidisciplinary approach between Palliative Care and Specialized Medical and Surgical teams enabled relief of the occlusive symptoms for 90% of the @entity1 of the study. The protocol was useful for the caregivers for the management of terminally ill @entity1 . To enhance these results, it would be necessary to shorten the delay of relief, which has been longer than ten days for one third of the @entity1 . The simplification of the protocol including two steps instead of three is on study.

2096310

2096311

2096312

A homolog of the XXXX chemokine receptor @entity7415 is expressed in the @entity19 .

multiple_choice

Two distinct genes are present in the @entity1 genome encoding receptors for @entity1 @entity687 ( @entity687 ), referred to as @entity7415 and @entity7416 . While it seems clear that orthologous genes are present in the genomes of several mammals, the existence of a gene encoding an ortholog of @entity7415 in the @entity19 has thus far been controversial. We have isolated a cDNA that is highly similar to the cDNAs of @entity7415 and @entity7416 , but is clearly distinct from the cDNA encoding @entity19 @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ). The encoded protein, designated @entity19 @entity35028 -like ( @entity35028 -like), shares 64, 57, 57, and 89% identical @entity1522 with @entity7415 , @entity7416 , @entity18510 , and @entity41238 -like, respectively. The gene encoding @entity35028 -like was mapped to @entity19 chromosome 1 and its genomic organization was determined to be very similar to the organization of the gene encoding @entity7415 . Like @entity7415 , @entity35028 -like was found to be expressed at the mRNA level in neutrophils. In addition, mRNA encoding @entity35028 -like was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen. In spleen, @entity35028 -like transcripts were predominantly found in CD4+ T cells. In liver, @entity35028 -like transcripts were identified in residual CD3+ T cells and macrophages, suggesting that @entity35028 -like may regulate inflammatory and immunological processes in the liver. When expressed as a recombinant protein, @entity35028 -like was not activated by a large panel of known CXC chemokines of @entity1 and @entity19 origin. These findings suggest that a homolog or ortholog of @entity7415 is expressed in the @entity19 to be activated by a hitherto unknown CXC chemokine of the @entity19 .

2096313

2096314

2096315

A homolog of the @entity1 chemokine receptor XXXX is expressed in the @entity19 .

multiple_choice

Two distinct genes are present in the @entity1 genome encoding receptors for @entity1 @entity687 ( @entity687 ), referred to as @entity7415 and @entity7416 . While it seems clear that orthologous genes are present in the genomes of several mammals, the existence of a gene encoding an ortholog of @entity7415 in the @entity19 has thus far been controversial. We have isolated a cDNA that is highly similar to the cDNAs of @entity7415 and @entity7416 , but is clearly distinct from the cDNA encoding @entity19 @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ). The encoded protein, designated @entity19 @entity35028 -like ( @entity35028 -like), shares 64, 57, 57, and 89% identical @entity1522 with @entity7415 , @entity7416 , @entity18510 , and @entity41238 -like, respectively. The gene encoding @entity35028 -like was mapped to @entity19 chromosome 1 and its genomic organization was determined to be very similar to the organization of the gene encoding @entity7415 . Like @entity7415 , @entity35028 -like was found to be expressed at the mRNA level in neutrophils. In addition, mRNA encoding @entity35028 -like was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen. In spleen, @entity35028 -like transcripts were predominantly found in CD4+ T cells. In liver, @entity35028 -like transcripts were identified in residual CD3+ T cells and macrophages, suggesting that @entity35028 -like may regulate inflammatory and immunological processes in the liver. When expressed as a recombinant protein, @entity35028 -like was not activated by a large panel of known CXC chemokines of @entity1 and @entity19 origin. These findings suggest that a homolog or ortholog of @entity7415 is expressed in the @entity19 to be activated by a hitherto unknown CXC chemokine of the @entity19 .

2096316

2096317

2096318

A homolog of the @entity1 chemokine receptor @entity7415 is expressed in the XXXX .

multiple_choice

Two distinct genes are present in the @entity1 genome encoding receptors for @entity1 @entity687 ( @entity687 ), referred to as @entity7415 and @entity7416 . While it seems clear that orthologous genes are present in the genomes of several mammals, the existence of a gene encoding an ortholog of @entity7415 in the @entity19 has thus far been controversial. We have isolated a cDNA that is highly similar to the cDNAs of @entity7415 and @entity7416 , but is clearly distinct from the cDNA encoding @entity19 @entity18510 ( @entity18510 ). The encoded protein, designated @entity19 @entity35028 -like ( @entity35028 -like), shares 64, 57, 57, and 89% identical @entity1522 with @entity7415 , @entity7416 , @entity18510 , and @entity41238 -like, respectively. The gene encoding @entity35028 -like was mapped to @entity19 chromosome 1 and its genomic organization was determined to be very similar to the organization of the gene encoding @entity7415 . Like @entity7415 , @entity35028 -like was found to be expressed at the mRNA level in neutrophils. In addition, mRNA encoding @entity35028 -like was detected in liver, kidney, and spleen. In spleen, @entity35028 -like transcripts were predominantly found in CD4+ T cells. In liver, @entity35028 -like transcripts were identified in residual CD3+ T cells and macrophages, suggesting that @entity35028 -like may regulate inflammatory and immunological processes in the liver. When expressed as a recombinant protein, @entity35028 -like was not activated by a large panel of known CXC chemokines of @entity1 and @entity19 origin. These findings suggest that a homolog or ortholog of @entity7415 is expressed in the @entity19 to be activated by a hitherto unknown CXC chemokine of the @entity19 .

2096319

2096320

2096321

@entity790 in childhood partial XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To describe frequency and electroclinical characteristics as well as localizing and lateralizing value of @entity790 (GAs). METHODS: Five-hundred-forty-one videotaped @entity410 of 109 consecutive @entity1 <12 years with refractory partial @entity302 and postoperatively @entity410 -free outcome were analyzed. @entity790 (scratching, fondling or grabbing of the genitals) were monitored by two independent investigators. RESULTS: Eight (four temporal, four extratemporal) @entity1 (7%) showed GA at least once during 20 (3.7%) @entity410 . Age of @entity1 with GA was between 4.5 and 11.9 (mean 9.5+/-2.4) years and was significantly higher than the age of @entity1 without GA (p=0.006). @entity1 showed GAs more frequently than @entity1 (p=0.026). @entity790 appeared both ictally and postictally with a mean duration of 51s. They were unilateral (completed by one hand) in 18/20 @entity410 and were done by the hand ipsilateral to the @entity410 onset zone in 16/18 cases (p=0.001). Although consciousness was preserved during GA in 3/8 @entity1 , neither periictal urinary urge nor penile erection was associated with it. CONCLUSIONS: Periictal GAs appear in school-age @entity1 with a similar frequency to that in adults but almost lack in preschool @entity1 . Although the presence of childhood GA has neither localizing nor lateralizing value per se, the hand used for GA is more frequently ipsilateral to the @entity410 onset zone. The mechanisms for childhood GAs are not clear but probably different from those of adults.

2096322

2096323

2096324

XXXX in childhood partial @entity410 .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To describe frequency and electroclinical characteristics as well as localizing and lateralizing value of @entity790 (GAs). METHODS: Five-hundred-forty-one videotaped @entity410 of 109 consecutive @entity1 <12 years with refractory partial @entity302 and postoperatively @entity410 -free outcome were analyzed. @entity790 (scratching, fondling or grabbing of the genitals) were monitored by two independent investigators. RESULTS: Eight (four temporal, four extratemporal) @entity1 (7%) showed GA at least once during 20 (3.7%) @entity410 . Age of @entity1 with GA was between 4.5 and 11.9 (mean 9.5+/-2.4) years and was significantly higher than the age of @entity1 without GA (p=0.006). @entity1 showed GAs more frequently than @entity1 (p=0.026). @entity790 appeared both ictally and postictally with a mean duration of 51s. They were unilateral (completed by one hand) in 18/20 @entity410 and were done by the hand ipsilateral to the @entity410 onset zone in 16/18 cases (p=0.001). Although consciousness was preserved during GA in 3/8 @entity1 , neither periictal urinary urge nor penile erection was associated with it. CONCLUSIONS: Periictal GAs appear in school-age @entity1 with a similar frequency to that in adults but almost lack in preschool @entity1 . Although the presence of childhood GA has neither localizing nor lateralizing value per se, the hand used for GA is more frequently ipsilateral to the @entity410 onset zone. The mechanisms for childhood GAs are not clear but probably different from those of adults.

2096325

2096326

2096327

The glucan components of the cell wall of XXXX ( @entity375 ) considered in relation to its ultrastructure.

multiple_choice

1. Commercial pressed @entity375 , and cell walls prepared from it, were extracted in various ways and the products examined by a number of techniques, including infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. 2. The glucan components of the walls cannot be extracted from intact @entity375 cells by 3% (w/v) @entity7159 at 75 degrees , but at least one-third of the glucan of cell wall preparations is dissolved under these conditions, and more will dissolve after ultrasonic treatment. 3. If intact cells are given a preliminary treatment with acid the wall glucans dissolve in dilute aqueous alkali. 4. Acid conditions as mild as @entity13101 buffer, pH5.0, for 3hr. at 75 degrees are sufficient for this preliminary treatment; the glucan then dissolves in 3% @entity7159 at 75 degrees leaving a very small residue, which contains chitin and about 1% of the initial glucan of the wall. Dissolution is hindered by exclusion of air, or by a preliminary reduction with @entity8951 , suggesting that some degradation of the glucan by alkali is taking place. 5. After treatment with 0.5m- @entity1543 for 24hr. at 90 degrees the glucan dissolves slowly at room temperature in 3% @entity7159 , or in @entity3733 . The extraction with @entity1543 removes glycogen and a predominantly beta-(1-->6)-linked glucan (not hitherto recognized as a component of @entity375 ), but none of the beta-(1-->3)-glucan, which remains water-insoluble. 6. Without treatment with acid, the glucan is not significantly soluble in @entity3733 , but can be induced to dissolve by ultrasonic treatment. 7. These results are interpreted by postulating the presence of an enclosing membrane, composed of chitin and glucan, that when intact acts as a semipermeable membrane preventing the escape of the alkali- and @entity3733 -soluble fraction of the glucan. Mild acid treatments damage this membrane, and ultrasonic and ballistic disintegration disrupt it. 8. Some support for this hypothesis is given by the effects of certain enzyme preparations, which have been found to render a substantial part of the glucan extractable by @entity3733 .

2096328

2096329

2096330

The glucan components of the cell wall of @entity375 ( XXXX ) considered in relation to its ultrastructure.

multiple_choice

1. Commercial pressed @entity375 , and cell walls prepared from it, were extracted in various ways and the products examined by a number of techniques, including infrared spectroscopy and electron microscopy. 2. The glucan components of the walls cannot be extracted from intact @entity375 cells by 3% (w/v) @entity7159 at 75 degrees , but at least one-third of the glucan of cell wall preparations is dissolved under these conditions, and more will dissolve after ultrasonic treatment. 3. If intact cells are given a preliminary treatment with acid the wall glucans dissolve in dilute aqueous alkali. 4. Acid conditions as mild as @entity13101 buffer, pH5.0, for 3hr. at 75 degrees are sufficient for this preliminary treatment; the glucan then dissolves in 3% @entity7159 at 75 degrees leaving a very small residue, which contains chitin and about 1% of the initial glucan of the wall. Dissolution is hindered by exclusion of air, or by a preliminary reduction with @entity8951 , suggesting that some degradation of the glucan by alkali is taking place. 5. After treatment with 0.5m- @entity1543 for 24hr. at 90 degrees the glucan dissolves slowly at room temperature in 3% @entity7159 , or in @entity3733 . The extraction with @entity1543 removes glycogen and a predominantly beta-(1-->6)-linked glucan (not hitherto recognized as a component of @entity375 ), but none of the beta-(1-->3)-glucan, which remains water-insoluble. 6. Without treatment with acid, the glucan is not significantly soluble in @entity3733 , but can be induced to dissolve by ultrasonic treatment. 7. These results are interpreted by postulating the presence of an enclosing membrane, composed of chitin and glucan, that when intact acts as a semipermeable membrane preventing the escape of the alkali- and @entity3733 -soluble fraction of the glucan. Mild acid treatments damage this membrane, and ultrasonic and ballistic disintegration disrupt it. 8. Some support for this hypothesis is given by the effects of certain enzyme preparations, which have been found to render a substantial part of the glucan extractable by @entity3733 .

2096331

2096332

2096333

Time to symptom relief for uncomplicated XXXX treated with extended-release @entity2177 : a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled primary care study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated symptom relief in @entity293 . This innovative exploratory trial aimed to measure the time to improvement of the signs and symptoms of uncomplicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in @entity1 receiving extended-release @entity2177 . Time to return to normal daily activities was also evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An open-label, multicenter US study in adult female outpatients with uncomplicated @entity293 . @entity1 completed serial questionnaires: the Urinary tract infection Symptom Assessment [USA], tracking time to symptom improvement, and the Activity Impairment Assessment [AIA], measuring the time to return to normal daily activities, using hand-held electronic diaries. Severity on the USA questionnaire was categorized using a 4-point Likert-type scale, with improvement defined as a reduction of at least one degree of symptom severity. All @entity1 received once-daily extended-release @entity2177 500 mg tablets for 3 days. RESULTS: Of 276 female @entity1 aged 18-78 years who enrolled at 28 sites, 273 (99%) were safety-valid, 264 (96%) completed at least 24 h of questionnaires and were valid for symptom relief analysis, and 170 (62%) had pre-therapy pathogen(s) > or = 10(3) CFU/mL and were valid for efficacy analysis. Six hours after the first dose of study drug, 50% of @entity1 reported symptom improvement; 87% by 24 h and 91% by 48 h. At study entry, 54% of @entity1 reported considerably decreased time at work or other activities; reduced to 23% by Day 2 and 10% by Day 3. At the test-of-cure visit (5-11 days post-therapy), 96% (163/170) of @entity1 were clinical cures. Drug-related adverse events were reported by 18 (7%) @entity1 and were consistent with previous extended-release @entity2177 studies (e.g., @entity344 , fungal superinfections). There were no serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: This open-label, non-comparative trial in adult @entity1 demonstrated a rapid improvement in uncomplicated @entity293 symptom severity (6-24 h) and the ability to return to work within 24 h following extended-release @entity2177 treatment. Clinical cure rate and tolerability profile were similar to results of previous extended-release @entity2177 studies.

2096334

2096335

2096336

Time to symptom relief for uncomplicated @entity293 treated with extended-release XXXX : a prospective, open-label, uncontrolled primary care study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Few studies have investigated symptom relief in @entity293 . This innovative exploratory trial aimed to measure the time to improvement of the signs and symptoms of uncomplicated @entity293 ( @entity293 ) in @entity1 receiving extended-release @entity2177 . Time to return to normal daily activities was also evaluated. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: An open-label, multicenter US study in adult female outpatients with uncomplicated @entity293 . @entity1 completed serial questionnaires: the Urinary tract infection Symptom Assessment [USA], tracking time to symptom improvement, and the Activity Impairment Assessment [AIA], measuring the time to return to normal daily activities, using hand-held electronic diaries. Severity on the USA questionnaire was categorized using a 4-point Likert-type scale, with improvement defined as a reduction of at least one degree of symptom severity. All @entity1 received once-daily extended-release @entity2177 500 mg tablets for 3 days. RESULTS: Of 276 female @entity1 aged 18-78 years who enrolled at 28 sites, 273 (99%) were safety-valid, 264 (96%) completed at least 24 h of questionnaires and were valid for symptom relief analysis, and 170 (62%) had pre-therapy pathogen(s) > or = 10(3) CFU/mL and were valid for efficacy analysis. Six hours after the first dose of study drug, 50% of @entity1 reported symptom improvement; 87% by 24 h and 91% by 48 h. At study entry, 54% of @entity1 reported considerably decreased time at work or other activities; reduced to 23% by Day 2 and 10% by Day 3. At the test-of-cure visit (5-11 days post-therapy), 96% (163/170) of @entity1 were clinical cures. Drug-related adverse events were reported by 18 (7%) @entity1 and were consistent with previous extended-release @entity2177 studies (e.g., @entity344 , fungal superinfections). There were no serious adverse events or discontinuations due to adverse events. CONCLUSION: This open-label, non-comparative trial in adult @entity1 demonstrated a rapid improvement in uncomplicated @entity293 symptom severity (6-24 h) and the ability to return to work within 24 h following extended-release @entity2177 treatment. Clinical cure rate and tolerability profile were similar to results of previous extended-release @entity2177 studies.

2096337

2096338

2096339

[Surgical treatment of severe cicatricial anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy for esophageal and XXXX ].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To review the experience of the surgical procedure in the treatment of postoperative severe cicatricial anastomotic stricture for @entity418 and @entity4617 . METHODS: Twenty-four cases with severe @entity850 and @entity1282 after esophagectomy underwent second operation. The @entity254 was opened by two small transverse incisions about 1-2 mm above and below the anastomotic line. The esophageal and gastric walls were half opened. Then the circular cicatricial tissue was partially removed. The re- @entity254 was performed with a one layer, intermittent technique. RESULTS: The second operations were successfully completed in 24 cases, cervical @entity834 happened in 1 case and no operative mortality. All cases were followed up for 2-3 years. All @entity1 can eat soft and common diet smoothly. No @entity850 were found and the quality of life was significantly improved. CONCLUSION: The second surgery with partial removal of the narrow cicatricial ring and reanastomosis for postoperative severe anastomotic stricture after esophagectomy is feasible, and the result is satisfactory.

2096340

2096341

2096342

Intranasal tolerance induction with polypeptides derived from 3 noncross-reactive major aeroallergens prevents allergic polysensitization in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Specific immunotherapy is less effective in @entity1 with @entity56 compared with monosensitized @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: We therefore established a @entity19 model of polysensitization to the major birch and timothy grass pollen allergens to test whether allergic polysensitization can be prevented by multiple allergen application via the mucosal route. METHODS: Female BALB/c @entity19 were immunized intraperitoneally with recombinant (r) Bet v 1, rPhl @entity29605 , and rPhl @entity41880 . For intranasal tolerance induction, a mixture of the complete allergens was compared with allergen-derived immunodominant peptides applied either as a mixture or as a synthetic hybrid peptide composed of the T-cell epitopes of the 3 allergens. RESULTS: Intranasal application of the mixture of the complete allergen molecules did not prevent polysensitization to the same allergens. In contrast, pretreatment with a mixture of the immunodominant peptides or the hybrid peptide led to significantly reduced allergen-specific IgE responses in sera, @entity58 production in vitro, and suppressed airway inflammation. TGF-beta mRNA levels did not change, and @entity1618 production was significantly suppressed after the pretreatment. The fact that the reduction of @entity1618 was not abrogated after @entity1618 receptor neutralization and that tolerance was not transferable with splenocytes indicates that the suppression of T(H)2 responses in polysensitized @entity19 might not be mediated by immunosuppressive cytokines. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that it is possible to suppress allergic immune responses simultaneously to several clinical important allergens. Thus, mucosal coapplication of selected peptides/hybrid peptides could be the basis of a mucosal polyvalent vaccine to prevent multiple sensitivities in @entity1097 @entity1 .

2096343

2096344

2096345

Biased use of @entity50073 IgE-positive B cells in the nasal mucosa in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: IgE antibody-producing B cells are enriched in the nasal mucosa in @entity1 with @entity2023 because of local class switching to IgE. The expressed IgE VH genes also undergo somatic hypermutation in situ to generate clonal families. The antigenic driving force behind these events is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible involvement of a superantigen in @entity2023 , we compared the variable (VH) gene use and patterns of somatic mutation in the expressed IgE heavy-chain genes in nasal biopsy specimens and blood from @entity56 @entity1 and the IgA VH use in the same biopsy specimens and also those from nonallergic controls. METHODS: We extracted mRNA from the nasal biopsy specimens of 13 @entity1 and 4 nonallergic control subjects and PBMCs from 7 @entity56 @entity1 . IgE and IgA VH regions were RT-PCR amplified, and the DNA sequences were compared with those of control subjects. We constructed a molecular model of @entity50073 to locate @entity1522 of interest. RESULTS: We observed a significantly increased frequency of IgE and IgA @entity50073 transcripts in the nasal mucosa of the @entity56 @entity1 compared with the normal PBMC repertoire. Within IgE and IgA @entity50073 sequences in the nasal mucosa, the distribution of replacement @entity1522 was skewed toward the immunoglobulin framework regions. Three of 4 nonintrinsic hotspots of mutation identified in the @entity50073 sequences were in framework region 1. The hotspots and a conserved @entity50073 -specific framework residue form a tight cluster on the surface of @entity50073 . CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence for the activity of a superantigen in the nasal mucosa in @entity1 with @entity2023 .

2096346

2096347

2096348

Biased use of XXXX IgE-positive B cells in the nasal mucosa in @entity2023 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: IgE antibody-producing B cells are enriched in the nasal mucosa in @entity1 with @entity2023 because of local class switching to IgE. The expressed IgE VH genes also undergo somatic hypermutation in situ to generate clonal families. The antigenic driving force behind these events is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To examine the possible involvement of a superantigen in @entity2023 , we compared the variable (VH) gene use and patterns of somatic mutation in the expressed IgE heavy-chain genes in nasal biopsy specimens and blood from @entity56 @entity1 and the IgA VH use in the same biopsy specimens and also those from nonallergic controls. METHODS: We extracted mRNA from the nasal biopsy specimens of 13 @entity1 and 4 nonallergic control subjects and PBMCs from 7 @entity56 @entity1 . IgE and IgA VH regions were RT-PCR amplified, and the DNA sequences were compared with those of control subjects. We constructed a molecular model of @entity50073 to locate @entity1522 of interest. RESULTS: We observed a significantly increased frequency of IgE and IgA @entity50073 transcripts in the nasal mucosa of the @entity56 @entity1 compared with the normal PBMC repertoire. Within IgE and IgA @entity50073 sequences in the nasal mucosa, the distribution of replacement @entity1522 was skewed toward the immunoglobulin framework regions. Three of 4 nonintrinsic hotspots of mutation identified in the @entity50073 sequences were in framework region 1. The hotspots and a conserved @entity50073 -specific framework residue form a tight cluster on the surface of @entity50073 . CONCLUSION: Our results provide evidence for the activity of a superantigen in the nasal mucosa in @entity1 with @entity2023 .

2096349

2096350

2096351

Spectrum of XXXX in a single center.

multiple_choice

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) @entity8 ( @entity6994 ) is the most common biopsy-proven primary @entity8 in the world and a major contributor to the worldwide burden of @entity177 , with a wide geographical variation. To determine the incidence, clinical profile and histological pattern of @entity6994 in our institute, we reviewed all the @entity1 who had native kidney biopsies with the diagnosis of primary @entity6994 during the period from 1998 to 2009 in the context of the clinical features. A total of 116 @entity1 with @entity6994 were finally analyzed; 85 (73%) of the @entity1 were male, the mean age of the @entity1 was 29.2 12.2 (range 10-70) years and the mean duration of disease was 10.4 18.7 months (median: 2 months). @entity101 was present in 74 (63.2%) cases. Gross @entity811 was rare. The most common clinical presentation was @entity1985 , followed by @entity177 . The mean proteinuria level was 2.5 2.3 g/day (median: 1.7 g/day) and the mean serum @entity1011 level was 3.04 3.3 mg/dL (median:1.7 mg/dL). The morphological sub-classification (Haas): Class I was the most common (44.4%), followed by class V (23%). IgA co-deposition with C3 and lambda was the most common finding in the immunofluorescence study. The glomerular filtration rate decreased with advanced histological damage. The incidence of @entity6994 was 7.5%, which is lower as compared with studies from elsewhere. @entity6994 in our population had a more severe clinical presentation.

2096352

2096353

2096354

Selective XXXX receptor modulators (SERMs): mechanisms of anticarcinogenesis and drug resistance.

multiple_choice

Despite the beneficial effects of @entity172 in @entity1 's health, there is a plethora of evidence that suggest an important role for these hormones, particularly @entity53 (E(2)), in the development and progression of @entity0 . Most estrogenic responses are mediated by @entity172 receptors (ERs), either @entity1782 or @entity1783 , which are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors. Selective @entity172 receptor modulators (SERMs) are ER ligands that in some tissues (i.e. @entity65 ) act like @entity172 but block @entity172 action in others. @entity440 is the first SERM that has been successfully tested for the prevention of @entity0 in high-risk @entity1 and is currently approved for the endocrine treatment of all stages of ER-positive @entity0 . @entity441 , a newer SERM originally developed for @entity170 , also appears to have preventive effect on @entity0 incidence. Numerous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms for the tissue selective action of SERMs, and collectively they indicate that different ER ligands induce distinct conformational changes in the receptor that influence its ability to interact with coregulatory proteins (i.e. coactivators and corepressors) critical for the regulation of target gene transcription. The relative expression of coactivators and corepressors, and the nature of the ER and its target gene promoter also affect SERM biocharacter. This review summarizes the therapeutic application of SERMs in medicine; particularly @entity0 , and highlights the emerging understanding of the mechanism of action of SERMs in select target tissues, and the inevitable development of resistance.

2096355

2096356

2096357

The intrahepatic biliary epithelium is a target of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor 1 XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We evaluated the role and mechanisms by which the GH/ @entity2135 @entity2270 modulates cholangiocyte proliferation. METHODS: @entity14023 ( @entity14023 ), @entity2135 , @entity9929 (binding protein 3), @entity7814 substrates (IRS) were evaluated in cholangiocytes of normal or bile duct-ligated (BDL) @entity35 livers. The effects of GH and @entity2135 on proliferation of normal quiescent cholangiocytes and the transduction pathways involved were investigated. RESULTS: @entity2135 , @entity14023 , @entity7814 , @entity46332 were expressed in normal cholangiocytes and overexpressed in cholangiocytes proliferating after BDL which also secrete @entity2135 in a higher amount than normal cells. @entity9929 , which may counter-regulate @entity2135 effects, was decreased in BDL cholangiocytes. @entity2135 promoted cholangiocyte proliferation in association with overexpression of p-IGF1R, @entity24577 , @entity25251 , p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT. GH induced @entity2135 expression and release in isolated cholangiocytes, and reproduced the effects of @entity2135 but GH effects were abolished by @entity7814 blocking antibody, suggesting @entity2135 as a mediator of GH. Finally, @entity2135 and @entity53 reciprocally potentiated their proliferative effects on cholangiocytes, and by interacting at both receptor and post-receptor levels. CONCLUSIONS: Cholangiocytes respond to GH with production and release of @entity2135 that modulates cell proliferation by transduction pathways involving @entity7814 , @entity46332 and both @entity2509 and PI3-kinase pathways. The biliary epithelium is a target of GH/ @entity2135 liver @entity2270 .

2096358

2096359

2096360

Placement of the Decompression Tube as a Bridge to Surgery for Acute Malignant Left-Sided XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of placing the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery for acute malignant left-sided @entity694 . METHODS: From January 2009 to August 2014, consecutive @entity1 with acute malignant left-side @entity694 underwent placement of the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery in our center. The technical and clinical success of placing the decompression tube was evaluated. Clinical success was defined as relief of obstructive symptoms within 48 h after placing the decompression tube. @entity5 resection was performed 7-9 days after colonic decompression. The types of surgery, primary @entity254 rate, and follow-up findings were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty @entity1 with acute malignant left-side @entity694 underwent placement of the decompression tube as a bridge to surgery. Placement of decompression tube was technically successful in all @entity1 . No procedure-related complication occurred. Clinical success was achieved in 19 @entity1 . @entity5 resection and primary @entity254 were successfully performed in all 19 @entity1 . The @entity260 included wound @entity281 (n = 2) and @entity850 (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Decompression tube can serve as an easy, safe, and effective bridge to subsequent surgery for @entity1 with acute malignant left-sided @entity694 .

2096361

2096362

2096363

Intrarectal XXXX is an effective treatment for @entity490 associated with @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 .

multiple_choice

@entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is one of the most common disorders seen by gastroenterologists. Visceral hypersensitivity is now well recognized as a clinical marker for the disease. Intrarectal @entity3303 has been previously shown to decrease @entity158 report from @entity5584 in @entity1 with @entity1744 without any significant serum @entity3303 levels. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, crossover trial on 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 to evaluate the effects of 300 mg intrarectal @entity3303 jelly on @entity490 . Ten Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 who met the Rome II criteria for @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 were recruited into the study. All of the @entity1 that participated had intermittent left lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity294 . Each @entity1 participated in 2 sessions in which saline jelly (placebo) and @entity3303 jelly was administered on a double-blind, crossover basis. @entity1 participated in these sessions at a time when their ongoing @entity158 was at least 3 on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. In comparison to placebo saline jelly, @entity3303 jelly significantly decreased @entity490 (P < .02) for at least 4 hours. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects. Intrarectal @entity3303 may be a potentially useful treatment for chronic @entity490 in @entity1744 . PERSPECTIVE: The possible presence of abnormal @entity1372 channels in the rectal and or colonic visceral afferents of @entity1 with @entity1744 might serve as a clue as to the effectiveness of rectal @entity3303 . The dose of @entity3303 used in this study may be of sufficient strength to normalize aberrant @entity1372 channels that may be present in the colon of @entity1 with @entity1744 without affecting normal @entity1372 channels of either @entity1744 or control subjects.

2096364

2096365

2096366

Intrarectal @entity3303 is an effective treatment for @entity490 associated with @entity294 -predominant XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is one of the most common disorders seen by gastroenterologists. Visceral hypersensitivity is now well recognized as a clinical marker for the disease. Intrarectal @entity3303 has been previously shown to decrease @entity158 report from @entity5584 in @entity1 with @entity1744 without any significant serum @entity3303 levels. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, crossover trial on 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 to evaluate the effects of 300 mg intrarectal @entity3303 jelly on @entity490 . Ten Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 who met the Rome II criteria for @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 were recruited into the study. All of the @entity1 that participated had intermittent left lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity294 . Each @entity1 participated in 2 sessions in which saline jelly (placebo) and @entity3303 jelly was administered on a double-blind, crossover basis. @entity1 participated in these sessions at a time when their ongoing @entity158 was at least 3 on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. In comparison to placebo saline jelly, @entity3303 jelly significantly decreased @entity490 (P < .02) for at least 4 hours. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects. Intrarectal @entity3303 may be a potentially useful treatment for chronic @entity490 in @entity1744 . PERSPECTIVE: The possible presence of abnormal @entity1372 channels in the rectal and or colonic visceral afferents of @entity1 with @entity1744 might serve as a clue as to the effectiveness of rectal @entity3303 . The dose of @entity3303 used in this study may be of sufficient strength to normalize aberrant @entity1372 channels that may be present in the colon of @entity1 with @entity1744 without affecting normal @entity1372 channels of either @entity1744 or control subjects.

2096367

2096368

2096369

Intrarectal @entity3303 is an effective treatment for XXXX associated with @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 .

multiple_choice

@entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is one of the most common disorders seen by gastroenterologists. Visceral hypersensitivity is now well recognized as a clinical marker for the disease. Intrarectal @entity3303 has been previously shown to decrease @entity158 report from @entity5584 in @entity1 with @entity1744 without any significant serum @entity3303 levels. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, crossover trial on 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 to evaluate the effects of 300 mg intrarectal @entity3303 jelly on @entity490 . Ten Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 who met the Rome II criteria for @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 were recruited into the study. All of the @entity1 that participated had intermittent left lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity294 . Each @entity1 participated in 2 sessions in which saline jelly (placebo) and @entity3303 jelly was administered on a double-blind, crossover basis. @entity1 participated in these sessions at a time when their ongoing @entity158 was at least 3 on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. In comparison to placebo saline jelly, @entity3303 jelly significantly decreased @entity490 (P < .02) for at least 4 hours. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects. Intrarectal @entity3303 may be a potentially useful treatment for chronic @entity490 in @entity1744 . PERSPECTIVE: The possible presence of abnormal @entity1372 channels in the rectal and or colonic visceral afferents of @entity1 with @entity1744 might serve as a clue as to the effectiveness of rectal @entity3303 . The dose of @entity3303 used in this study may be of sufficient strength to normalize aberrant @entity1372 channels that may be present in the colon of @entity1 with @entity1744 without affecting normal @entity1372 channels of either @entity1744 or control subjects.

2096370

2096371

2096372

Intrarectal @entity3303 is an effective treatment for @entity490 associated with XXXX -predominant @entity1744 .

multiple_choice

@entity1744 ( @entity1744 ) is one of the most common disorders seen by gastroenterologists. Visceral hypersensitivity is now well recognized as a clinical marker for the disease. Intrarectal @entity3303 has been previously shown to decrease @entity158 report from @entity5584 in @entity1 with @entity1744 without any significant serum @entity3303 levels. We conducted a prospective, double-blind, crossover trial on 10 @entity1 with @entity1744 to evaluate the effects of 300 mg intrarectal @entity3303 jelly on @entity490 . Ten Caucasian premenopausal @entity1 who met the Rome II criteria for @entity294 -predominant @entity1744 were recruited into the study. All of the @entity1 that participated had intermittent left lower quadrant @entity158 and @entity294 . Each @entity1 participated in 2 sessions in which saline jelly (placebo) and @entity3303 jelly was administered on a double-blind, crossover basis. @entity1 participated in these sessions at a time when their ongoing @entity158 was at least 3 on a 0 to 10 visual analogue scale. In comparison to placebo saline jelly, @entity3303 jelly significantly decreased @entity490 (P < .02) for at least 4 hours. None of the @entity1 experienced any side effects. Intrarectal @entity3303 may be a potentially useful treatment for chronic @entity490 in @entity1744 . PERSPECTIVE: The possible presence of abnormal @entity1372 channels in the rectal and or colonic visceral afferents of @entity1 with @entity1744 might serve as a clue as to the effectiveness of rectal @entity3303 . The dose of @entity3303 used in this study may be of sufficient strength to normalize aberrant @entity1372 channels that may be present in the colon of @entity1 with @entity1744 without affecting normal @entity1372 channels of either @entity1744 or control subjects.

2096373

2096374

2096375

Antidiabetic effect of Ficus racemosa Linn. stem bark in high-fat diet and low-dose XXXX -induced type 2 @entity6 @entity35 : A mechanistic study.

multiple_choice

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the @entity1068 extract of Ficus racemosa (FRE) on biochemical parameters in type 2-like @entity6 , induced by a combination of standardised high-fat diet and low-dose @entity3839 (25mgkg(-1), i.p.) in @entity35 . To elucidate the mode of action of FRE, its effects on a battery of targets involved in @entity413 homeostasis was evaluated. FRE (200 and 400mgkg(-1), p.o.), in a dose-dependent manner, altered the biochemical parameters and significantly improved @entity413 tolerance and HDL-c levels. In different bioassays, FRE showed inhibition of @entity64394 (IC50 12.1 g/mL) and @entity8238 (42.5%). FRE exhibited 82.6% binding to @entity3725 -y. Furthermore FRE exhibited stimulation of @entity413 uptake by skeletal muscles (hemi-diaphragm). @entity57430 was quantified in bioactive-FRE by high-performance liquid chromatography (0.15%w/w). This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of F. racemosa stem bark in type 2 @entity6 and targets involved in it.

2096376

2096377

2096378

Antidiabetic effect of Ficus racemosa Linn. stem bark in high-fat diet and low-dose @entity3839 -induced type 2 XXXX @entity35 : A mechanistic study.

multiple_choice

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the @entity1068 extract of Ficus racemosa (FRE) on biochemical parameters in type 2-like @entity6 , induced by a combination of standardised high-fat diet and low-dose @entity3839 (25mgkg(-1), i.p.) in @entity35 . To elucidate the mode of action of FRE, its effects on a battery of targets involved in @entity413 homeostasis was evaluated. FRE (200 and 400mgkg(-1), p.o.), in a dose-dependent manner, altered the biochemical parameters and significantly improved @entity413 tolerance and HDL-c levels. In different bioassays, FRE showed inhibition of @entity64394 (IC50 12.1 g/mL) and @entity8238 (42.5%). FRE exhibited 82.6% binding to @entity3725 -y. Furthermore FRE exhibited stimulation of @entity413 uptake by skeletal muscles (hemi-diaphragm). @entity57430 was quantified in bioactive-FRE by high-performance liquid chromatography (0.15%w/w). This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of F. racemosa stem bark in type 2 @entity6 and targets involved in it.

2096379

2096380

2096381

Antidiabetic effect of Ficus racemosa Linn. stem bark in high-fat diet and low-dose @entity3839 -induced type 2 @entity6 XXXX : A mechanistic study.

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The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the @entity1068 extract of Ficus racemosa (FRE) on biochemical parameters in type 2-like @entity6 , induced by a combination of standardised high-fat diet and low-dose @entity3839 (25mgkg(-1), i.p.) in @entity35 . To elucidate the mode of action of FRE, its effects on a battery of targets involved in @entity413 homeostasis was evaluated. FRE (200 and 400mgkg(-1), p.o.), in a dose-dependent manner, altered the biochemical parameters and significantly improved @entity413 tolerance and HDL-c levels. In different bioassays, FRE showed inhibition of @entity64394 (IC50 12.1 g/mL) and @entity8238 (42.5%). FRE exhibited 82.6% binding to @entity3725 -y. Furthermore FRE exhibited stimulation of @entity413 uptake by skeletal muscles (hemi-diaphragm). @entity57430 was quantified in bioactive-FRE by high-performance liquid chromatography (0.15%w/w). This is the first report demonstrating the effectiveness of F. racemosa stem bark in type 2 @entity6 and targets involved in it.

2096382

2096383

2096384

XXXX Mediates @entity132 during Infection in Neonates.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infection, with associated @entity9610 release, is a main cause of respiratory disruption in neonates, by measuring levels of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and its metabolite ( @entity18313 ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). STUDY DESIGN: Of 59 eligible @entity1 , 25 preterm @entity1 (mean gestational age, 28 0.5 weeks) and 22 full-term @entity1 (mean gestational age, 40 0.5 weeks) from a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit and the general maternity neonatal ward were enrolled prospectively. @entity1 with a condition that can cause secondary @entity386 were excluded. @entity132 , such as @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) events, were quantified. All @entity1 were subjected to standard laboratory analysis of blood and CSF concentrations of biomarkers, including @entity1421 and PGEM, within 24 hours of lumbar puncture, which were correlated with @entity1168 events and culture-verified @entity281 . RESULTS: PGEM levels were highest in @entity1 with culture-verified @entity295 and @entity693 (P < .01). In @entity1 without culture-verified @entity2348 , PGEM levels were higher in preterm @entity1 compared with term @entity1 (P < .05). The numbers of desaturation events and @entity386 events in neonates were positively associated with @entity1421 levels in CSF (P < .05). CONCLUSION: @entity1421 and PGEM are rapidly elevated in CSF during an infectious event and may explain @entity132 , which are the major presenting symptoms of @entity281 . @entity1421 and PGEM are released during @entity2348 and could serve as biomarkers for @entity295 and @entity5433 in neonates.

2096385

2096386

2096387

@entity1421 Mediates XXXX during Infection in Neonates.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infection, with associated @entity9610 release, is a main cause of respiratory disruption in neonates, by measuring levels of @entity1421 ( @entity1421 ) and its metabolite ( @entity18313 ) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). STUDY DESIGN: Of 59 eligible @entity1 , 25 preterm @entity1 (mean gestational age, 28 0.5 weeks) and 22 full-term @entity1 (mean gestational age, 40 0.5 weeks) from a level 3 neonatal intensive care unit and the general maternity neonatal ward were enrolled prospectively. @entity1 with a condition that can cause secondary @entity386 were excluded. @entity132 , such as @entity1168 ( @entity1168 ) events, were quantified. All @entity1 were subjected to standard laboratory analysis of blood and CSF concentrations of biomarkers, including @entity1421 and PGEM, within 24 hours of lumbar puncture, which were correlated with @entity1168 events and culture-verified @entity281 . RESULTS: PGEM levels were highest in @entity1 with culture-verified @entity295 and @entity693 (P < .01). In @entity1 without culture-verified @entity2348 , PGEM levels were higher in preterm @entity1 compared with term @entity1 (P < .05). The numbers of desaturation events and @entity386 events in neonates were positively associated with @entity1421 levels in CSF (P < .05). CONCLUSION: @entity1421 and PGEM are rapidly elevated in CSF during an infectious event and may explain @entity132 , which are the major presenting symptoms of @entity281 . @entity1421 and PGEM are released during @entity2348 and could serve as biomarkers for @entity295 and @entity5433 in neonates.

2096388

2096389

2096390

Stigmatized students: age, sex, and ethnicity effects in the stigmatization of XXXX .

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OBJECTIVE: To assess the stigmatization of @entity28 relative to the stigmatization of @entity717 among young @entity1 and @entity1 . Attitudes across ethnic groups were compared. In addition, these findings were compared with data showing severe stigmatization of @entity28 among @entity1 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: @entity1 included 356 university students (56% @entity1 ; mean age, 20.6 years; mean BMI, 23.3 kg/m2; range, 14.4 to 45.0 kg/m2) who ranked six drawings of same-sex peers in order of how well they liked each @entity1 . The drawings showed adults with @entity28 , @entity717 , or no disability. These rankings were compared with those obtained through a similar procedure with 458 fifth- and sixth-grade @entity1 . RESULTS: Obesity was highly stigmatized relative to physical disabilities. African-American @entity1 liked @entity28 peers more than did African-American @entity1 , white @entity1 , or white @entity1 [F(1,216) = 4.02, p < 0.05]. Overweight and @entity28 @entity1 were no less stigmatizing of @entity28 than normal weight @entity1 . Adults were more accepting than @entity1 of their @entity28 peers [t(761) = 9.16, p < 0.001]. DISCUSSION: Although the stigmatization of @entity28 was high among @entity1 overall, African-American @entity1 seemed to have more positive attitudes toward @entity28 than did white @entity1 , white @entity1 , or African-American @entity1 . @entity1 ' weight did not affect their stigmatization of @entity28 : @entity28 and overweight adults were as highly stigmatizing of @entity28 as non-overweight adults. Such internalized stigmatization could help to explain the low self-esteem and poor body image among @entity28 young adults. However, adults seemed to have more positive attitudes about @entity28 than @entity1 . An understanding of the factors that limit the stigma of @entity28 among African-American @entity1 could help efforts to reduce stigma.

2096391

2096392

2096393

Social recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis in XXXX .

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Olfactory recognition memory was tested in adult male @entity19 using a social discrimination task. The testing was conducted to begin to characterize the role of protein synthesis and the specific brain regions associated with activity in this task. Long-term olfactory recognition memory was blocked when the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity11007 was injected 20 min before, immediately after, or 6 h after sampling. No effect was observed when @entity11007 was administered 3 h or 18 h after sampling. Immunohistochemical analysis of @entity9830 expression revealed that sampling-like exposure to a juvenile increased the activity of a subset of cells in the accessory olfactory bulb and the brain areas that are associated with it. Additionally, increased @entity9830 expression was measured in the main olfactory bulb and the piriform cortex, whereas no signs of activation were seen in the cortical nucleus of the amygdala, all components of the main olfactory system. No increases in @entity9830 immunoreactivity were observed after 4 h. Our data suggest that long-lasting olfactory recognition memory requires two stages of protein synthesis. The first stage takes place within 1-2 h and the second stage between 6-7 h after sampling. The first but not the second stage is paralleled by an increase in the number of @entity9830 -immunoreactive cells in brain areas associated with both the main and accessory olfactory systems. It therefore appears that the role of the second stage of protein synthesis in recognition memory depends on the integrity of the first stage of protein synthesis.

2096394

2096395

2096396

Detection of mutations in XXXX exons 12-15 by Sanger sequencing.

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INTRODUCTION: The Janus kinase ( @entity4016 @entity4017 gain-of-function mutation is a hallmark of BCR-ABL1-negative @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This study analyzed @entity4016 mutations in 1811 @entity1 tested between 2010 and 2013. METHODS: Exons 12-15 of @entity4016 were sequenced in 1706 samples, and @entity1 harboring mutations were clinically evaluated. RESULTS: Of 271 @entity1 (16%) with @entity4016 mutations, 148 (54.6%) were female and 123 (45.4%) were male; 103 (38%) were local and 168 (62%) were referred; and 13 (5%) had @entity74 . The median @entity1 age was 54 years, and there was only one pediatric @entity1 . In agreement with previous reports, 262 @entity1 (96.7%) were positive for the @entity4016 @entity4017 mutation. Non- @entity4017 @entity4016 mutations were detected in the remaining nine (3.3%) @entity1 : five (1.8%) had a @entity67973 mutation, and one (0.3%) each had @entity67974 , @entity67975 silent, @entity67976 , and @entity67977 mutations. Diagnosis of 103 (38%) in-house cases revealed a predominance of MPN @entity1 (87 cases, or 84.4%). CONCLUSION: @entity4016 @entity4017 was the most prevalent mutation detected among @entity1 in this study. Non- @entity4017 @entity4016 mutations were identified in exons 12 and 13 corresponding to recently reported mutations, except for the novel @entity67977 .

2096397

2096398

2096399

Epidemiological Aspects of Osteosarcoma, Giant Cell Tumor and XXXX - Experience of the National Rehabilitation Institute, Mexico City.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Primary @entity3478 are rare, contributing only 0.2% of the global burden of all @entity1 @entity5 . @entity511 (CS) are the most common @entity5 of bone. The @entity2968 ( @entity2968 ) is a @entity5 with behavior characterized by @entity79 . The @entity421 , CS and @entity2968 affect both sexes, all races and generally have incidence peaks regarding the age of the @entity1 which vary according to the @entity5 type. We analyzed the incidences of @entity421 , CS and @entity2968 and their relations with gender and age in @entity1 treated in the National Rehabilitation Institute (INR, for its acronym in Spanish) over a period of nine years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study period, clinic pathological data for 384 @entity1 were obtained with clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis for @entity421 , @entity2968 and CS. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: From 2006 to 2014 were recorded 384 cases of @entity79 in the database of INR. The @entity2968 had the highest incidence (53.1%), followed by @entity421 (31.3%) and finally the CS (15.6%). The overall average age was 33.6 15.8 years and the overall frequency of gender had a ratio of 1/1.03 male/female. The states with the highest incidence were Distrito Federal and Estado de Mexico with 29.2% and 25.3% respectively. @entity5 of bone assessed in the course of nine years show three significant increases in 2008, 2011 and 2014 (p=0.14). We found association between sex and @entity5 type (p=0.03), @entity2968 and CS predominated in females (54.9% and 56.6% respectively), while for the @entity421 males were most affected (59.1%). Age was different in relation with @entity5 type (p=0.0001), average age was 24.3 11.2 years for @entity421 , 34.5 13 years for @entity2968 and 49.2 18.5 years for CS. Furthermore, associations of @entity5 type with topographic location of the @entity5 (P=0.0001) were found. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we can see that incidence of @entity85 in our population is continuously increasing and in nine years an approximately 200% increase of @entity85 cases was observed.