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2095500

2095501

2095502

Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for XXXX in routine care: A propensity score based comparison between @entity23 and clinical practice.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of @entity308 has been demonstrated in many @entity23 ( @entity23 ). This study investigated whether for CBT similar effects can be expected under routine care conditions when the @entity1 are comparable to those examined in @entity23 . METHOD: N=574 CBT @entity1 from an outpatient clinic were stepwise matched to the @entity1 undergoing CBT in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP). First, the exclusion criteria of the RCT were applied to the naturalistic sample of the outpatient clinic. Second, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the remaining naturalistic sample on the basis of baseline covariate distributions. Matched samples were then compared regarding treatment effects using effect sizes, average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and recovery rates. RESULTS: CBT in the adjusted naturalistic subsample was as effective as in the RCT. However, treatments lasted significantly longer under routine care conditions. LIMITATIONS: The samples included only a limited amount of common predictor variables and stemmed from different countries. There might be additional covariates, which could potentially further improve the matching between the samples. CONCLUSIONS: CBT for @entity308 in clinical practice might be equally effective as manual-based treatments in @entity23 when they are applied to comparable @entity1 . The fact that similar effects under routine conditions were reached with more sessions, however, points to the potential to optimize treatments in clinical practice with respect to their efficiency.

2095503

2095504

2095505

Clinical effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for @entity308 in routine care: A propensity score based comparison between XXXX and clinical practice.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for the treatment of @entity308 has been demonstrated in many @entity23 ( @entity23 ). This study investigated whether for CBT similar effects can be expected under routine care conditions when the @entity1 are comparable to those examined in @entity23 . METHOD: N=574 CBT @entity1 from an outpatient clinic were stepwise matched to the @entity1 undergoing CBT in the National Institute of Mental Health Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Program (TDCRP). First, the exclusion criteria of the RCT were applied to the naturalistic sample of the outpatient clinic. Second, propensity score matching (PSM) was used to adjust the remaining naturalistic sample on the basis of baseline covariate distributions. Matched samples were then compared regarding treatment effects using effect sizes, average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and recovery rates. RESULTS: CBT in the adjusted naturalistic subsample was as effective as in the RCT. However, treatments lasted significantly longer under routine care conditions. LIMITATIONS: The samples included only a limited amount of common predictor variables and stemmed from different countries. There might be additional covariates, which could potentially further improve the matching between the samples. CONCLUSIONS: CBT for @entity308 in clinical practice might be equally effective as manual-based treatments in @entity23 when they are applied to comparable @entity1 . The fact that similar effects under routine conditions were reached with more sessions, however, points to the potential to optimize treatments in clinical practice with respect to their efficiency.

2095506

2095507

2095508

Serum XXXX and @entity1341 levels in local technique knee arthroscopy.

multiple_choice

We investigated serum levels of @entity3303 and @entity1341 following their intraarticular and subcutaneous injection for anesthetic effect in local technique knee arthroscopy. Fifteen @entity1 scheduled for knee arthroscopy, but who were otherwise healthy, were studied. Following preparation of the knee, 25 cc of 1% @entity3303 with @entity1425 (1:100,000) and 25 cc of 0.25% @entity1341 were instilled into the knee joint. An additional 40 cc of the combined solution was used to anesthetize four arthroscopic portal sites from the skin into the joint capsule. The arthroscopic procedure was then performed. We took blood samples 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intraarticular injection. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine serum values of the agents. Levels of the anesthetic agents in all of the @entity1 at all time intervals were well within the ranges considered safe. @entity1 surveys of these and 49 other @entity1 indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the technique. No complications from the anesthetic agents were noted at our hospital in over 500 similar cases. We conclude that local anesthesia as described here is a safe and effective alternative to conventional anesthetic techniques. Additionally, it can save time in the operating room and reduce @entity1 costs.

2095509

2095510

2095511

Serum @entity3303 and XXXX levels in local technique knee arthroscopy.

multiple_choice

We investigated serum levels of @entity3303 and @entity1341 following their intraarticular and subcutaneous injection for anesthetic effect in local technique knee arthroscopy. Fifteen @entity1 scheduled for knee arthroscopy, but who were otherwise healthy, were studied. Following preparation of the knee, 25 cc of 1% @entity3303 with @entity1425 (1:100,000) and 25 cc of 0.25% @entity1341 were instilled into the knee joint. An additional 40 cc of the combined solution was used to anesthetize four arthroscopic portal sites from the skin into the joint capsule. The arthroscopic procedure was then performed. We took blood samples 5, 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after intraarticular injection. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to determine serum values of the agents. Levels of the anesthetic agents in all of the @entity1 at all time intervals were well within the ranges considered safe. @entity1 surveys of these and 49 other @entity1 indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the technique. No complications from the anesthetic agents were noted at our hospital in over 500 similar cases. We conclude that local anesthesia as described here is a safe and effective alternative to conventional anesthetic techniques. Additionally, it can save time in the operating room and reduce @entity1 costs.

2095512

2095513

2095514

Effects of XXXX exposure mode on PES/ @entity12468 ultrafiltration membrane degradation.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Drinking water production plants using membrane filtration processes report membrane failure issues. According to the literature, membrane degradation is often induced by exposure to @entity8830 , an oxidant widely used during in-place cleanings. The present study focused on quantifying the effect of membrane exposure mode to @entity9784 on properties modifications of a PES/ @entity12468 ultrafiltration membrane widely used for drinking water production. For this purpose effects of @entity8830 concentration, contact duration and exposure mode (static or dynamic) were investigated. The pH of the @entity9784 solution was set to 8 as it was demonstrated in numerous previous works that the pH range 7-8 leads to the most severe modification in the membrane characteristics. Membrane degradation was monitored at molecular scale by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and at macroscopic scale by pure water permeability and elongation at break measurements. The results obtained in static (soaking) and dynamic (filtration and filtration/backwashing cycles) @entity9784 exposure modes indicated that PES/ @entity12468 membrane degradation progress was predominantly governed by @entity9784 oxidation rate. In the tested conditions, mechanical stress (pressure differentials) did not significantly contribute to membrane ageing. The correlation between molecular and macroscopic characterizations demonstrated that @entity12468 degradation is responsible for the membrane integrity loss. A linear relationship between the loss of ductility of the membrane and the progress of the @entity12468 degradation was obtained whatever the exposure mode. Thanks to experiments conducted at various @entity9784 concentrations and exposure durations, the @entity9784 dose parameter ( @entity9784 concentration times contact time), widely used in the literature, was demonstrated to be inappropriate to describe the degradation rate: the @entity9784 concentration impact was shown to be dominating the exposure time's one on the degradation rate.

2095515

2095516

2095517

Effects of @entity8830 exposure mode on PES/ XXXX ultrafiltration membrane degradation.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Drinking water production plants using membrane filtration processes report membrane failure issues. According to the literature, membrane degradation is often induced by exposure to @entity8830 , an oxidant widely used during in-place cleanings. The present study focused on quantifying the effect of membrane exposure mode to @entity9784 on properties modifications of a PES/ @entity12468 ultrafiltration membrane widely used for drinking water production. For this purpose effects of @entity8830 concentration, contact duration and exposure mode (static or dynamic) were investigated. The pH of the @entity9784 solution was set to 8 as it was demonstrated in numerous previous works that the pH range 7-8 leads to the most severe modification in the membrane characteristics. Membrane degradation was monitored at molecular scale by attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy and at macroscopic scale by pure water permeability and elongation at break measurements. The results obtained in static (soaking) and dynamic (filtration and filtration/backwashing cycles) @entity9784 exposure modes indicated that PES/ @entity12468 membrane degradation progress was predominantly governed by @entity9784 oxidation rate. In the tested conditions, mechanical stress (pressure differentials) did not significantly contribute to membrane ageing. The correlation between molecular and macroscopic characterizations demonstrated that @entity12468 degradation is responsible for the membrane integrity loss. A linear relationship between the loss of ductility of the membrane and the progress of the @entity12468 degradation was obtained whatever the exposure mode. Thanks to experiments conducted at various @entity9784 concentrations and exposure durations, the @entity9784 dose parameter ( @entity9784 concentration times contact time), widely used in the literature, was demonstrated to be inappropriate to describe the degradation rate: the @entity9784 concentration impact was shown to be dominating the exposure time's one on the degradation rate.

2095518

2095519

2095520

XXXX results in fewer pregnancies but is not exacerbated by vaginal delivery.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Despite a high prevalence of @entity30 in @entity1 of childbearing age, disease-related factors that may impact fertility and perianal @entity30 after delivery remain unclear. METHODS: Self-administered questionnaires related to childbirth were completed by @entity1 with @entity30 referred to a single gastroenterology unit. A survival analysis was performed for statistical purposes. RESULTS: A total of 184 @entity1 were assessed, including 63 nulliparous @entity1 . The cumulative probabilities of having a @entity1 were 30%, 51% and 72% at the ages of 25, 30 and 35 years, respectively. @entity1 with @entity1049 were less likely to experience childbirth. After a median follow-up of 165 weeks post-delivery, the cumulative probabilities of fistulizing perianal @entity30 occurrence were 8%, 12% and 21% at 1, 2 and 5 years following childbirth, respectively. Contrary to a prior history of perianal @entity30 and colonic location, mode of delivery was not associated with @entity292 . An episiotomy in the group of @entity1 with @entity75 did not result in a higher rate of @entity292 recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity30 is associated with fewer pregnancies, however perianal @entity292 were less affected by obstetric events than their own natural history.

2095521

2095522

2095523

Body mass index, XXXX and survival after diagnosis of @entity1204 : A report from the HUNT-Survey.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: We studied the association of body mass index (BMI) and @entity6 with all-cause @entity204 and @entity1204 among @entity1 with @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). METHODS: Included were 337 @entity1 in the Health Surveys in North-Tr ndelag, Norway who were followed from @entity1204 diagnosis to @entity204 or end of follow-up, 30th June 2012. Risks of @entity204 associated with BMI and @entity6 were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The risks of @entity1204 -specific @entity204 were estimated as sub-HRs, after adjustment for competing causes of @entity204 . We also studied the risk of @entity204 associated with @entity6 in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2) and in @entity1 with BMI>= 25kg/m(2). RESULTS: During the median follow-up time of 6.7years, 166 @entity1 (49.3%) died. @entity6 increased the risk of all-cause @entity204 (HR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.63) and @entity1204 (SHR, 2.62, 95% CI: 1.07-6.43) after adjustment for age, histological type and stage of @entity1204 . BMI was not associated with risk of all-cause or @entity1204 -specific @entity204 . The increased risk of both all-cause @entity204 and @entity1204 specific @entity204 in @entity6 @entity1 seemed to be more pronounced in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2) (HR 6.35, 95% CI: 1.90-21.14) compared to @entity1 with BMI>25kg/m(2) (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 0.98-3.33). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 , but not BMI, was associated with increased risk of all-cause @entity204 and @entity204 from @entity1204 . The increased risk of @entity204 associated with @entity6 seemed to be most pronounced in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2).

2095524

2095525

2095526

Body mass index, @entity6 and survival after diagnosis of XXXX : A report from the HUNT-Survey.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: We studied the association of body mass index (BMI) and @entity6 with all-cause @entity204 and @entity1204 among @entity1 with @entity1204 ( @entity1204 ). METHODS: Included were 337 @entity1 in the Health Surveys in North-Tr ndelag, Norway who were followed from @entity1204 diagnosis to @entity204 or end of follow-up, 30th June 2012. Risks of @entity204 associated with BMI and @entity6 were estimated as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The risks of @entity1204 -specific @entity204 were estimated as sub-HRs, after adjustment for competing causes of @entity204 . We also studied the risk of @entity204 associated with @entity6 in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2) and in @entity1 with BMI>= 25kg/m(2). RESULTS: During the median follow-up time of 6.7years, 166 @entity1 (49.3%) died. @entity6 increased the risk of all-cause @entity204 (HR 2.14, 95% CI: 1.26-3.63) and @entity1204 (SHR, 2.62, 95% CI: 1.07-6.43) after adjustment for age, histological type and stage of @entity1204 . BMI was not associated with risk of all-cause or @entity1204 -specific @entity204 . The increased risk of both all-cause @entity204 and @entity1204 specific @entity204 in @entity6 @entity1 seemed to be more pronounced in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2) (HR 6.35, 95% CI: 1.90-21.14) compared to @entity1 with BMI>25kg/m(2) (HR 1.80, 95% CI: 0.98-3.33). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 , but not BMI, was associated with increased risk of all-cause @entity204 and @entity204 from @entity1204 . The increased risk of @entity204 associated with @entity6 seemed to be most pronounced in @entity1 with BMI<25kg/m(2).

2095527

2095528

2095529

Pure XXXX with auditory object agnosia after bilateral lesion of the superior temporal sulcus.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Based on results from functional imaging, cortex along the superior temporal sulcus (STS) has been suggested to subserve phoneme and pre-lexical speech perception. For vowel classification, both superior temporal plane (STP) and STS areas have been suggested relevant. Lesion of bilateral STS may conversely be expected to cause pure @entity2319 and possibly also impaired vowel classification. Here we studied a @entity1 with bilateral STS lesions caused by @entity385 and relatively intact medial STPs to characterize the behavioral consequences of STS loss. The @entity1 showed severe @entity2167 , whereas his speech production was fluent and communication by written speech was grossly intact. Auditory-evoked fields in the STP were within normal limits on both sides, suggesting that major parts of the auditory cortex were functionally intact. Further studies showed that the @entity1 had normal hearing thresholds and only mild disability in tests for @entity2167 . @entity51 were discovered in an auditory-object classification task, where the @entity1 performed four standard deviations below the control group. In marked contrast, performance in a vowel-classification task was intact. Auditory evoked fields showed enhanced responses for vowels compared to matched non-vowels within normal limits. Our results are consistent with the notion that cortex along STS is important for auditory speech perception, although it does not appear to be entirely speech specific. Formant analysis and single vowel classification, however, appear to be already implemented in auditory cortex on the STP.

2095530

2095531

2095532

A Novel Cast Removal Training Simulation to Improve XXXX Safety.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Cast application and removal are essential to orthopedics and performed by providers of variable training. Simulation training and practice of proper cast application and removal may reduce injury, optimize outcomes, and reduce health care costs. The purpose of this educational initiative was to develop, validate, and implement a novel simulation trainer and curriculum to improve safety during cast removal. METHODS: In all, 30 thermocouples (Omega, Stamford, CT) were applied to a @entity174 model (Sawbones, Vashon, WA). After reduction and cast application, a saw (Stryker, Kalamazoo, MI) was used to cut the cast with temperature recording. Both "good" and "poor" techniques-as established by consensus best practices-were used. Maximal temperatures were compared to known thresholds for thermal injury; @entity1 experience @entity158 at temperatures exceeding 47 C and contact temperatures exceeding 60 C may lead to @entity39 . Construct validity was evaluated by assessing novice (postgraduate year 1), intermediate (postgraduate year 3), and expert (pediatric orthopedic attending) performance. RESULTS: With the "good" technique, mean peak temperatures were 43 C + 4.3 C. The highest recorded was 51.9 C. With the "poor" technique, mean peak temperature was 75.2 C + 17.3 C. The maximum temperature recorded with the "poor" technique was 112.4 C. Construct validity testing showed that novices had the highest increases in temperatures (12.9 C). There was a decline in heat generation as experience increased with the intermediate group (9.7 C), and the lowest heat generation was seen in the expert group (5.0 C). CONCLUSIONS: A novel task simulator and curriculum have been developed to assess competency and enhance performance in the application and removal of casts. There was a 32.2 C temperature decrease when the proper cast saw technique was used. Furthermore, the "poor" technique consistently achieved temperatures that would cause @entity39 in @entity1 . Clinical experience was a predictor of decreased heat generation during cast removal. This task trainer allows instruction and safety monitoring of the casting technique.

2095533

2095534

2095535

XXXX of the elbow: prophylaxis, imaging, and the role of invasive management.

multiple_choice

@entity447 is an @entity1112 of clotting factor @entity797 ( @entity447 ) or IX ( @entity4777 ) that can result in @entity5631 of @entity2720 , including the elbow. Left unchecked, this can lead to progressive joint destruction and significant morbidity. Appropriate management of the elbow joint through prophylactic measures, accurate imaging, and timely intervention is essential. Replacing or supplementing deficient factor with a plasma-derived or recombinant factor concentrate can minimize @entity548 episodes. Joints should be routinely monitored for damage. Plain films offer an inexpensive window into @entity79 and joint space changes but lack soft tissue detail and may not detect early changes. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a high level of detail but may be limited by its cost and need for sedation in younger @entity1 . Ultrasound may not achieve the same level of resolution as magnetic resonance imaging, but it is increasingly used as a convenient, effective, and relatively inexpensive alternative. @entity1 who experience @entity5631 with @entity16 often require more invasive treatment. Radiosynovectomy and arthroscopic synovectomy are effective at minimizing @entity158 and preventing future @entity548 episodes, whereas extensive @entity16 may necessitate total elbow replacement.

2095536

2095537

2095538

ST-segment XXXX resolution predicts @entity1188 size and reperfusion injury in @entity583 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is frequently associated with reciprocal ST-segment @entity308 in contralateral ECG leads. However, the relationship of the resolution of ST-segment @entity308 (STD-R) with @entity296 is unknown and the potential prognostic value incompletely understood. We sought to evaluate the association between STD-R and markers of @entity296 as well as to determine the prognostic impact of STD-R in @entity1 with acute reperfused @entity583 . METHODS: We enrolled 611 @entity1 with @entity583 in this multicentre cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study. STD-R, defined as either worsened (<0%), incomplete (0-50%) or complete (>= 50%), was determined 90 min after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). @entity1 underwent CMR in median 3 (2-4) days after @entity1188 . Major adverse @entity299 (MACE) were defined as a composite of death, reinfarction and new @entity712 within 12 months after enrolment. RESULTS: @entity1 with worsened or incomplete STD-R (n=148 (24.2%)) had a significantly larger area at risk (42 (31-50) vs 37 (29-52) vs 34 (24-46) %LV, p=0.001), larger @entity1188 size (20 (13-30) vs 17(10-26) vs 16 (8-24) %LV, p=0.003), larger extent of microvascular obstruction (0.6(0-3.4) vs 0.4 (0-2.4) vs 0.0 (0-1.4) %LV, p=0.003), and a lower LVEF (46 (39-54) vs 48 (40-56) vs 52 (45-58) %, p<0.001). MACE rate (n=37 (6%)) was significantly higher in @entity1 with worsened (n=10 (19%)) or incomplete STD-R (n=7 (7%)) than in @entity1 with complete STD-R (n=20 (4%), p<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, categorised STD-R emerged as an independent predictor of MACE at 12 months after adjusting for clinical variables (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity583 and worsened or incomplete STD-R after PCI show a more pronounced myocardial as well as microvascular damage as detected by CMR with subsequent independent prognostic information on MACE over a 12-month follow-up period.

2095539

2095540

2095541

ST-segment @entity308 resolution predicts XXXX size and reperfusion injury in @entity583 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is frequently associated with reciprocal ST-segment @entity308 in contralateral ECG leads. However, the relationship of the resolution of ST-segment @entity308 (STD-R) with @entity296 is unknown and the potential prognostic value incompletely understood. We sought to evaluate the association between STD-R and markers of @entity296 as well as to determine the prognostic impact of STD-R in @entity1 with acute reperfused @entity583 . METHODS: We enrolled 611 @entity1 with @entity583 in this multicentre cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study. STD-R, defined as either worsened (<0%), incomplete (0-50%) or complete (>= 50%), was determined 90 min after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). @entity1 underwent CMR in median 3 (2-4) days after @entity1188 . Major adverse @entity299 (MACE) were defined as a composite of death, reinfarction and new @entity712 within 12 months after enrolment. RESULTS: @entity1 with worsened or incomplete STD-R (n=148 (24.2%)) had a significantly larger area at risk (42 (31-50) vs 37 (29-52) vs 34 (24-46) %LV, p=0.001), larger @entity1188 size (20 (13-30) vs 17(10-26) vs 16 (8-24) %LV, p=0.003), larger extent of microvascular obstruction (0.6(0-3.4) vs 0.4 (0-2.4) vs 0.0 (0-1.4) %LV, p=0.003), and a lower LVEF (46 (39-54) vs 48 (40-56) vs 52 (45-58) %, p<0.001). MACE rate (n=37 (6%)) was significantly higher in @entity1 with worsened (n=10 (19%)) or incomplete STD-R (n=7 (7%)) than in @entity1 with complete STD-R (n=20 (4%), p<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, categorised STD-R emerged as an independent predictor of MACE at 12 months after adjusting for clinical variables (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity583 and worsened or incomplete STD-R after PCI show a more pronounced myocardial as well as microvascular damage as detected by CMR with subsequent independent prognostic information on MACE over a 12-month follow-up period.

2095542

2095543

2095544

ST-segment @entity308 resolution predicts @entity1188 size and reperfusion injury in XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: @entity583 ( @entity583 ) is frequently associated with reciprocal ST-segment @entity308 in contralateral ECG leads. However, the relationship of the resolution of ST-segment @entity308 (STD-R) with @entity296 is unknown and the potential prognostic value incompletely understood. We sought to evaluate the association between STD-R and markers of @entity296 as well as to determine the prognostic impact of STD-R in @entity1 with acute reperfused @entity583 . METHODS: We enrolled 611 @entity1 with @entity583 in this multicentre cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) study. STD-R, defined as either worsened (<0%), incomplete (0-50%) or complete (>= 50%), was determined 90 min after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). @entity1 underwent CMR in median 3 (2-4) days after @entity1188 . Major adverse @entity299 (MACE) were defined as a composite of death, reinfarction and new @entity712 within 12 months after enrolment. RESULTS: @entity1 with worsened or incomplete STD-R (n=148 (24.2%)) had a significantly larger area at risk (42 (31-50) vs 37 (29-52) vs 34 (24-46) %LV, p=0.001), larger @entity1188 size (20 (13-30) vs 17(10-26) vs 16 (8-24) %LV, p=0.003), larger extent of microvascular obstruction (0.6(0-3.4) vs 0.4 (0-2.4) vs 0.0 (0-1.4) %LV, p=0.003), and a lower LVEF (46 (39-54) vs 48 (40-56) vs 52 (45-58) %, p<0.001). MACE rate (n=37 (6%)) was significantly higher in @entity1 with worsened (n=10 (19%)) or incomplete STD-R (n=7 (7%)) than in @entity1 with complete STD-R (n=20 (4%), p<0.001). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, categorised STD-R emerged as an independent predictor of MACE at 12 months after adjusting for clinical variables (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with @entity583 and worsened or incomplete STD-R after PCI show a more pronounced myocardial as well as microvascular damage as detected by CMR with subsequent independent prognostic information on MACE over a 12-month follow-up period.

2095545

2095546

2095547

Pathology of XXXX . New diagnostic approaches.

multiple_choice

@entity1149 ( @entity8799 ) comprise 75% of all @entity2 and consist of three major histologic types: @entity957 , @entity420 , and @entity152 . The histopathology of @entity2 appears to be changing: The incidence of @entity957 in the United States is declining, accompanied by the increase in the incidence of @entity420 . @entity2 is thought to arise from a pluripotent epithelial cell capable of expressing a variety of phenotypes. Malignant transformation is the end result of multiple events involving the growth control of bronchopulmonary epithelium. It is well known that @entity957 are preceded by many years of progressive mucosal changes including squamous @entity4648 , @entity1141 , and @entity189 in situ. Premalignant changes associated with the other types of @entity8799 are less well understood. Recently characterized markers for peripheral airway cell differentiation and selected monoclonal antibodies may be helpful. It is conceivable to identify specific genetic events at the cellular level using in situ hybridization or polymerase chain reaction. Biologic and genetic studies have renewed the awareness of the pleomorphism of @entity8799 . Potentially interesting subsets include the following: (1) The expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers has been demonstrated in selected @entity8799 ( @entity8799 ), mostly in adeno- and @entity152 . (2) The presence of @entity984 mutations in surgically resected @entity420 has been associated with shortened survival times. (3) Also, the @entity1722 gene encoded protein @entity19601 has been associated with a more aggressive clinical course in @entity420 . Further studies are needed to confirm such results and correlate the findings with the current WHO @entity8799 classification. Rapid validation of relevant new diagnostic approaches is an enormous challenge. Although selected immunohistochemical and molecular biologic techniques may work on routinely processed paraffin-embedded material obtained from the pathology archives, many of the newest applications require fresh or freshly frozen specimens from large numbers of @entity1 with a computerized clinical data base for adequate clinicopathologic correlations. Establishing such a resource is obviously a team effort requiring close collaboration of the oncologist, pathologist, surgeon, and technicians.

2095548

2095549

2095550

Evaluation of extrashort 4-mm implants in mandibular edentulous XXXX with reduced bone height in comparison with standard implants: a 12-month results.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to evaluate the primary stability, the marginal @entity604 , the survival, and the success criteria, of 4-mm-length implants compared with implants of conventional length supporting fixed prostheses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity1 were selected for treatment of their @entity5386 . Each @entity1 received the following treatment: six dental implants were inserted, two anterior implants of conventional length (10-mm) in the interforaminal area and four posterior short implants of 4-mm length (Standard Plus, Roxolid, SLActive, Institut Straumann AG). The implants supported screw-retained fixed complete dentures. Examinations were conducted at day 0, three, six, and twelve months after surgery for the evaluation of the implant primary stability, secondary stability, crestal @entity604 and survival by clinical evaluations, insertion torque values, resonance frequency analysis (RFA), and periapical radiography, respectively. RESULTS: Sixty implants were inserted in ten @entity1 . Mean insertion torque was slightly lower for 4-mm implants than 10-mm implants (38.1 @entity15682 vs. 42.2 @entity15682 ) but without statistically significant difference. Implant stability was similar for extrashort and conventional implants. Marginal @entity604 was similar for both groups for all the time periods. One short implant was lost before loading. The survival rates twelve months after implant placement were of 97.5% and 100% for short and conventional implants, respectively. Similarly, implant stability as measured by RFA was nonsignificantly lower for the 4-mm implants compared to the 10-mm implants. The marginal @entity604 was lower for short implants three, six, and twelve months after the surgery without statistical significant difference. CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, we conclude that short dental implants (8 mm or less in length) supporting single crowns or fixed bridges are a feasible treatment option with radiographic and clinical success rates similar to longer implants for @entity1 with compromised ridges. Long-term data with larger number of implants and subjects are needed to confirm these preliminary results.

2095551

2095552

2095553

Effect of age on the incidence of XXXX following immunization with monovalent mumps vaccine.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk of @entity5827 after mumps vaccination in younger @entity1 compared with older @entity1 . METHODS: This prospective cohort study included a total of 21,465 @entity1 under 18 years of age who had received the first dose of three of the Japanese mumps monovalent vaccine. We compared the cumulative incidence of @entity5827 for 30 days after vaccination among the following age groups: <=1, 2, 3-4, and >= 5 years old. We also investigated the cumulative incidence of @entity4 , a @entity221 (>= 38 C) lasting at least 3 days during the 10 to 25 days following immunization, @entity391 of 3 times or more, @entity10 , and @entity410 . RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity5827 , 551 @entity4 , 844 fevers, 669 @entity391 , 757 @entity10 , and 29 @entity410 cases were identified. The cumulative incidence of @entity5827 increased with age (0.016%, 0.021%, 0.066%, and 0.096%, respectively). Statistical significance was observed between @entity1 >= 3 years old and those <3 years of age [0.078% vs. 0.018%, RR 4.35 (95% CI 1.05-18.2), p=0.04]. The cumulative incidence of @entity4 also increased with age (1.8%, 3.0%, 3.5%, and 4.5%, respectively). For non-specific adverse events, the cumulative incidence of @entity221 or @entity410 decreased with age. In contrast, the cumulative incidence of @entity10 increased with age. The cumulative incidence of @entity391 was similar among @entity1 <=4 years of age; however, that in those @entity1 >= 5 years old was significantly lower. CONCLUSIONS: The first dose of mumps vaccine that is currently available for use in Japan may be administered in @entity1 less than 3 years of age in order to complicate a less @entity5827 after immunization.

2095554

2095555

2095556

Femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis for consecutive XXXX after radial keratotomy.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate femtosecond-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the treatment of hyperopic shift after radial keratotomy (RK). SETTING: Private practice, Siena, Italy. DESIGN: Prospective case series. METHODS: Eyes with a spherical equivalent (SE) of +1.0 diopters (D) to +4.0 D after RK with 6 or 8 incisions had LASIK. The flap (nominal thickness 130 m) was created with a femtosecond laser ( @entity20047 Z2); the refractive ablation was performed with an excimer laser (217P). The flap was dissected in a centrifugal fashion along previous RK cuts. RESULTS: Eighteen eyes of 10 @entity1 were treated. Preoperatively, the mean defocus equivalent was 3.13 diopters (D) 0.71 (SD); the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was 0.09 0.06 logMAR. At 9 months, the mean defocus equivalent was 0.51 0.47 D (P < .05), with 13 eyes (72%) having 0.50 D or less of defocus equivalent and 16 eyes (89%) having 1.0 D or less of defocus equivalent. The mean CDVA was 0.04 0.06 logMAR (P < .05). No lines of logMAR CDVA were lost. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity was 0.11 0.10 logMAR. The safety index was 1.11; the efficacy index was 0.97. No retreatments were performed. Flap complications were limited to an RK incision opening larger than 2 mm in 3 eyes and 1 case of a small, self-limiting @entity2543 . CONCLUSION: Laser in situ keratomileusis with a low-energy femtosecond laser was a safe and effective approach to treat post-RK @entity3467 , causing no relevant @entity32 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: Neither author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

2095557

2095558

2095559

@entity263 detection on transrectal ultrasonography-guided XXXX despite negative real-time magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion-guided targeted biopsy: reasons for targeted biopsy failure.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of additional transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided @entity35628 ( @entity35628 ) in @entity1 with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided targeted biopsy (TB) and to identify possible reasons for @entity177 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a subgroup analysis of 61 @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) detected by 10-core @entity35628 but with a negative TB, from a cohort of 408 @entity1 with suspicious multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) between January 2012 and January 2015. A consensus re-reading of mpMRI results (using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] versions 1 and 2) for each suspicious lesion was performed, with the image reader blinded to the biopsy results, followed by an unblinded anatomical correlation of the lesion on mpMRI to the biopsy result. The potential reasons for @entity177 were estimated for each lesion. We defined clinically significant @entity263 according to the Epstein criteria and stratified @entity1 into risk groups according to the European Association of Urology guidelines. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that @entity35628 detected significant @entity263 in 64% of @entity1 (39/61) and intermediate-/high-risk @entity263 in 57% of @entity1 (35/61). The initial mpMRI reading identified 90 suspicious lesions in the cohort. Blinded consensus re-reading of the mpMRI led to PI-RADS score downgrading of 45 lesions (50%) and upgrading of 13 lesions (14%); thus, negative TB could be explained by falsely high initial PI-RADS scores for 32 lesions (34%) and sampling of the @entity75 by @entity35628 in the corresponding anatomical site for 36 out of 90 lesions (40%) in 35 of 61 @entity1 (57%). Sampling of the @entity75 by @entity35628 was most likely for lesions with PI-RADS scores of 4/5 and Gleason scores (GS) of >= 7. A total of 70 @entity263 lesions (67% with GS 6) in 44 @entity1 (72%) were sampled from prostatic sites with no abnormalities on mpMRI. CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity177 , @entity35628 still detected a high rate of significant @entity263 . The main reason for a negative TB was a TB error, compensated for by positive sampling of the @entity75 by the additional @entity35628 , and the second reason for @entity177 was a falsely high initial PI-RADS score. The challenges that arise for both MRI diagnostics and @entity4623 sampling are evident in our data and support the integration of @entity35628 into the TB workflow.

2095560

2095561

2095562

XXXX detection on transrectal ultrasonography-guided @entity35628 despite negative real-time magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion-guided targeted biopsy: reasons for targeted biopsy failure.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To examine the value of additional transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided @entity35628 ( @entity35628 ) in @entity1 with negative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/ultrasonography (US) fusion-guided targeted biopsy (TB) and to identify possible reasons for @entity177 . @entity1 AND METHODS: We conducted a subgroup analysis of 61 @entity1 with @entity263 ( @entity263 ) detected by 10-core @entity35628 but with a negative TB, from a cohort of 408 @entity1 with suspicious multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) between January 2012 and January 2015. A consensus re-reading of mpMRI results (using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System [PI-RADS] versions 1 and 2) for each suspicious lesion was performed, with the image reader blinded to the biopsy results, followed by an unblinded anatomical correlation of the lesion on mpMRI to the biopsy result. The potential reasons for @entity177 were estimated for each lesion. We defined clinically significant @entity263 according to the Epstein criteria and stratified @entity1 into risk groups according to the European Association of Urology guidelines. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that @entity35628 detected significant @entity263 in 64% of @entity1 (39/61) and intermediate-/high-risk @entity263 in 57% of @entity1 (35/61). The initial mpMRI reading identified 90 suspicious lesions in the cohort. Blinded consensus re-reading of the mpMRI led to PI-RADS score downgrading of 45 lesions (50%) and upgrading of 13 lesions (14%); thus, negative TB could be explained by falsely high initial PI-RADS scores for 32 lesions (34%) and sampling of the @entity75 by @entity35628 in the corresponding anatomical site for 36 out of 90 lesions (40%) in 35 of 61 @entity1 (57%). Sampling of the @entity75 by @entity35628 was most likely for lesions with PI-RADS scores of 4/5 and Gleason scores (GS) of >= 7. A total of 70 @entity263 lesions (67% with GS 6) in 44 @entity1 (72%) were sampled from prostatic sites with no abnormalities on mpMRI. CONCLUSION: In cases of @entity177 , @entity35628 still detected a high rate of significant @entity263 . The main reason for a negative TB was a TB error, compensated for by positive sampling of the @entity75 by the additional @entity35628 , and the second reason for @entity177 was a falsely high initial PI-RADS score. The challenges that arise for both MRI diagnostics and @entity4623 sampling are evident in our data and support the integration of @entity35628 into the TB workflow.

2095563

2095564

2095565

Comparative proteome analysis of saccular XXXX with iTRAQ quantitative proteomics.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To screen differentially expressed proteins of saccular @entity438 and superficial temporal artery by the proteomics analysis using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) combined with reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. METHODS: Collecting 17 samples from intracranial @entity439 @entity1 undergoing aneurysmectomy as experiment group and 17 matched @entity8400 as control group. After quantification and enzymolysis of the protein, the iTRAQ were used to label the peptides of the 2 groups respectively. Then, the mixture of the peptides was fractioned by RP-HPLC and analyzed by LC- @entity15 / @entity15 to identify the differential expression proteins. RESULTS: A total of 1699 proteins were identified from the ProteinPilot 4.5 software (AB SCIEX) using the Paragon database search algorithm. Comparing with @entity8400 , 54 proteins were significantly up-regulated (115:114<0.5-fold) and 37 were significantly down-regulated in sIAs (115:114>2.0-fold). Furthermore, @entity12317 were significantly up-regulated (2.3 fold and 2.1 fold, respectively), whereas MyosinIIb, Alpha-actinin-1, Laminin b2, and @entity26135 were down-regulated (3.01 fold, 2.1 fold, 2.07 fold, and 2.01 fold, respectively) in sIAs. GO Ontology analysis showed that most differential proteins expressed in cytoskeletal; up-regulated proteins in sIAs play an important role in inflammatory reaction, enzymatic hydrolysis, cell adhesion and invasion, and cellular immune reaction; down-regulated proteins in sIAs involved in cytoskeletal protein, enzyme, and structural protein. @entity1428 , @entity8859 and @entity18964 play a role in @entity439 formation via focal adhesion pathway. The results of Western-blot assay were consistent with the proteomic changes of those 6 proteins. CONCLUSION: The differentially expressed proteins in sIAs that showed @entity439 formation are related to cytoskeleton abnormal and extracellular matrix changes. The iTRAQ technology provides scientific foundation for the further study to explore the pathogenic mechanism of sIAs.

2095566

2095567

2095568

Oncological approach with antihelminthic chemotherapy and wide resection in the treatment of XXXX . A review of 10 cases with mean follow-up of 64 months.

multiple_choice

The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate clinical outcomes, local recurrence and complication rates of antihelminthic chemotherapy and wide resection in @entity1 with muscle or bone @entity8434 . The authors treated 10 @entity1 (6 females, 4 males) between 2004 and 2012 : 8 with muscle and 2 with bone @entity8434 . The mean age at surgery was 42.5 years (range, 11-66 years). All @entity1 were treated with wide resection and pre- and postoperative chemotherapy with @entity3753 . The mean follow-up was 64 months (range, 28-120 months). All @entity1 achieved satisfactory clinical outcomes. There were no local recurrences. @entity532 were seen in 3 @entity1 (30%) : one superficial @entity281 , and one @entity1410 . Two (20%) required additional surgery. An @entity146 oncological approach, consisting of antihelminthic chemotherapy and wide resection, can provide favorable clinical outcomes and prevent local recurrence in @entity1 with @entity85 . Potential complications of @entity146 surgery should be preferred to potential morbidity of @entity6831 .

2095569

2095570

2095571

The Association of @entity6817 Use with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: The Age-Related XXXX Study 2 Report Number 9.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of @entity6817 use with progression of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Preplanned, prospective cohort study within a controlled clinical trial of oral supplementation for age-related @entity2194 . @entity1 : Age-Related @entity2194 Study 2 (AREDS2) @entity1 , aged 50 to 85 years. METHODS: Factors, including age, gender, smoking status, @entity117 use, and history of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity299 , @entity951 , and @entity64 -all known to be associated with @entity6817 use-were included in a logistic regression model to estimate propensity scores for each @entity1 . Age-adjusted proportional hazards regression models, with and without propensity score matching, were performed to evaluate the association of @entity6817 use with progression to late @entity1020 . Analyses adjusting for the competing risk of @entity204 were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and annual stereoscopic fundus photographs were assessed centrally by masked graders for the development of late @entity1020 , either @entity1020 or @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ). RESULTS: Of the 3791 @entity1 (2462 with bilateral large drusen and 1329 with unilateral late @entity1020 at baseline), 1659 (43.8%) were @entity6817 users. The overall analysis, with no matching of propensity scores and no adjustment for @entity204 as a competing risk, showed that @entity6817 use was not associated with progression to late @entity1020 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.41; P = 0.56). When matched for propensity scores and adjusted for @entity204 as a competing risk, the result was not statistically significant (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55-1.20; P = 0.29). Furthermore, subgroup analyses of @entity1 with or without late @entity1020 at baseline and the various components of late @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , central @entity10691 , or any @entity10691 ) also showed no statistically significant association of @entity6817 use with progression to @entity1020 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6817 use was not statistically significantly associated with progression to late @entity1020 in the AREDS2 @entity1 , and these findings are consistent with findings in the majority of previous studies. Statins have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of @entity65 , but our data do not provide evidence of a beneficial effect on slowing @entity1020 progression.

2095572

2095573

2095574

The Association of XXXX Use with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: The Age-Related @entity2194 Study 2 Report Number 9.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To evaluate the association of @entity6817 use with progression of @entity1020 ( @entity1020 ). DESIGN: Preplanned, prospective cohort study within a controlled clinical trial of oral supplementation for age-related @entity2194 . @entity1 : Age-Related @entity2194 Study 2 (AREDS2) @entity1 , aged 50 to 85 years. METHODS: Factors, including age, gender, smoking status, @entity117 use, and history of @entity6 , @entity101 , @entity299 , @entity951 , and @entity64 -all known to be associated with @entity6817 use-were included in a logistic regression model to estimate propensity scores for each @entity1 . Age-adjusted proportional hazards regression models, with and without propensity score matching, were performed to evaluate the association of @entity6817 use with progression to late @entity1020 . Analyses adjusting for the competing risk of @entity204 were also performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Baseline and annual stereoscopic fundus photographs were assessed centrally by masked graders for the development of late @entity1020 , either @entity1020 or @entity10691 ( @entity10691 ). RESULTS: Of the 3791 @entity1 (2462 with bilateral large drusen and 1329 with unilateral late @entity1020 at baseline), 1659 (43.8%) were @entity6817 users. The overall analysis, with no matching of propensity scores and no adjustment for @entity204 as a competing risk, showed that @entity6817 use was not associated with progression to late @entity1020 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.83-1.41; P = 0.56). When matched for propensity scores and adjusted for @entity204 as a competing risk, the result was not statistically significant (HR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.55-1.20; P = 0.29). Furthermore, subgroup analyses of @entity1 with or without late @entity1020 at baseline and the various components of late @entity1020 ( @entity1020 , central @entity10691 , or any @entity10691 ) also showed no statistically significant association of @entity6817 use with progression to @entity1020 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6817 use was not statistically significantly associated with progression to late @entity1020 in the AREDS2 @entity1 , and these findings are consistent with findings in the majority of previous studies. Statins have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of @entity65 , but our data do not provide evidence of a beneficial effect on slowing @entity1020 progression.

2095575

2095576

2095577

Importance of education in XXXX treatment - gender differences.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant progress in understanding mechanisms and effective treatment there are still therapeutic failures in @entity1 treated for @entity565 . Education is vital in the therapeutic process. It improves the control of the disease at the individual level by influencing the adherence and compliance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 100 @entity1 suffering from @entity565 and treated according to GINA 2002 guidelines in @entity566 Clinic. Asthma control test (ACT), analysis of @entity1 ' medical documentation and a self-constructed questionnaire concerning health promotion and education were used in the study. Aim of this work was to assess differences in the influence of education on results of @entity565 control between sexes. RESULTS: Average duration of @entity565 was similar in @entity1 and @entity1 (13.0 11.16 vs.12.7 9.74 years). Weaker @entity565 control was found in @entity1 (ACT 17.7 vs. 20.4), as well as lower FEV1 values (80-50% of predicted value in 60.3% of @entity1 vs. 43.25 of @entity1 ). In @entity1 an analysis of correlation concerning @entity1 ' knowledge and conducted health education with @entity565 control revealed a statistically significant positive correlation of knowledge acquired from the allergologist with @entity565 control, information about proceeding in acute attack, whereas negative correlation with @entity565 control with knowledge passed on by family doctor was found. Among the male respondents positive correlations of knowledge with @entity565 control within the scope of knowledge from allergologist and information concerning proceeding in @entity748 were found, while negative correlation with information coming from family doctor was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: Health education in @entity1 with @entity565 should be conducted by a specialist in @entity56 and well-prepared healthcare professionals.

2095578

2095579

2095580

Assessing cyber-user awareness of an XXXX : evidence from @entity1 infections with avian influenza A H7N9 in Zhejiang, China.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess cyber-user awareness of @entity1 infections with avian influenza A H7N9 in Zhejiang, China. METHODS: Daily Baidu index values were compared for different keywords, different periods (epidemic and @entity18721 ), different levels of epidemic publicity (whether new cases were publicized), and different cities (divided into high, medium, low, and zero groups according to the number of cases). Furthermore, the correlation between the daily Baidu index values and the daily number of new cases was analyzed. RESULTS: Three epidemic periods (periods A/C/E) and three @entity18721 periods (periods B/D/F) were identified from April 2013 to May 2015 according to the curves of daily new cases. Each epidemic period was followed by a @entity18721 period. Baidu index values using 'H7N9' as a keyword were higher than the values using the keyword '' (avian influenza in Chinese) in earlier periods, but the situation reversed in later periods. Index values for 'H7N9' in the epidemic periods were higher than in the @entity18721 periods. In the first epidemic period (period A), the Baidu index values for 'H7N9' showed no difference between the different levels of epidemic publicity and had no correlation with the daily number of new cases. The index values in cities without reported cases showed no difference from the values recorded in the medium and low groups. However, a difference and a correlation were found in a later epidemic period. CONCLUSIONS: The Baidu index would be a useful tool for assessing cyber-user awareness of an @entity7823 .

2095581

2095582

2095583

Assessing cyber-user awareness of an @entity7823 : evidence from XXXX infections with avian influenza A H7N9 in Zhejiang, China.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess cyber-user awareness of @entity1 infections with avian influenza A H7N9 in Zhejiang, China. METHODS: Daily Baidu index values were compared for different keywords, different periods (epidemic and @entity18721 ), different levels of epidemic publicity (whether new cases were publicized), and different cities (divided into high, medium, low, and zero groups according to the number of cases). Furthermore, the correlation between the daily Baidu index values and the daily number of new cases was analyzed. RESULTS: Three epidemic periods (periods A/C/E) and three @entity18721 periods (periods B/D/F) were identified from April 2013 to May 2015 according to the curves of daily new cases. Each epidemic period was followed by a @entity18721 period. Baidu index values using 'H7N9' as a keyword were higher than the values using the keyword '' (avian influenza in Chinese) in earlier periods, but the situation reversed in later periods. Index values for 'H7N9' in the epidemic periods were higher than in the @entity18721 periods. In the first epidemic period (period A), the Baidu index values for 'H7N9' showed no difference between the different levels of epidemic publicity and had no correlation with the daily number of new cases. The index values in cities without reported cases showed no difference from the values recorded in the medium and low groups. However, a difference and a correlation were found in a later epidemic period. CONCLUSIONS: The Baidu index would be a useful tool for assessing cyber-user awareness of an @entity7823 .

2095584

2095585

2095586

Evaluation of a new serological test for the detection of anti-Coxiella and anti- XXXX antibodies.

multiple_choice

@entity4003 and members of the genus @entity13167 are obligate intracellular bacteria. Since cultivation of these organisms requires dedicated techniques, their diagnosis usually relies on serological or molecular biology methods. Immunofluorescence is considered the gold standard to detect antibody-reactivity towards these organisms. Here, we assessed the performance of a new automated epifluorescence immunoassay (InoDiag) to detect IgM and IgG against @entity4003 , @entity13167 and @entity7587 . Samples were tested with the InoDiag assay. A total of 213 sera were tested, of which 63 samples from @entity4002 , 20 from spotted @entity221 , 6 from @entity19 typhus and 124 controls. InoDiag results were compared to micro-immunofluorescence. For @entity4002 , the sensitivity of phase 2 IgG was only of 30% with a cutoff of 1 arbitrary unit (AU). In @entity1 with @entity4002 with positive IF IgM, sensitivity reached 83% with the same cutoff. Sensitivity for @entity4002 was 100% whereas sensitivity for past @entity4002 was 65%. Sensitivity for spotted Mediterranean fever and @entity19 typhus were 91% and 100%, respectively. Both assays exhibited a good specificity in control groups, ranging from 79% in sera from @entity1 with @entity66 or EBV positivity to 100% in sera from healthy @entity1 . In conclusion, the InoDiag assay exhibits an excellent performance for the diagnosis of @entity4002 but a very low IgG sensitivity for @entity4002 likely due to low reactivity of phase 2 antigens present on the glass slide. This defect is partially compensated by the detection of IgM. Because it exhibits a good negative predictive value, the InoDiag assay is valuable to rule out a @entity4002 . For the diagnosis of @entity66 , the sensitivity of the InoDiag method is similar to conventional immunofluorescence.

2095587

2095588

2095589

A Cochrane systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing treatment strategies aiming to decrease XXXX during liver resection.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: @entity548 remains one of the major risks during liver resection, and perioperative @entity190 and blood transfusion are important factors affecting perioperative morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study is to compare treatment strategies aiming to decrease @entity190 during hepatectomy. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was performed to identify randomised controlled trials reporting on the method of @entity432 , parenchymal transection, and management of the cut surface during liver resection. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed using WinBUGS. RESULTS: Seven trials reporting on 496 @entity1 randomised to seven treatment strategies were analysed. @entity432 resulted in lower @entity190 compared to no @entity432 when parenchymal transection was performed with clamp-crush and no fibrin sealant was used for the cut surface. @entity1 undergoing liver resection by continuous @entity432 had decreased amounts of blood transfused than @entity1 with intermittent @entity432 when parenchymal transection was performed with clamp-crush and no fibrin sealant. There was no significant difference in proportion of @entity1 transfused, mortality, or hospital stay between the different strategies. There were significantly more serious adverse events when surgery was performed using radiofrequency dissecting sealer compared with standard clamp-crush method in the absence of @entity432 and fibrin sealant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity432 during hepatectomy results in decreased @entity190 and decreased blood transfusion requirements. Further studies are needed to compare treatment strategies aiming to decrease @entity190 , defined by their method of @entity432 , parenchymal transection, and management of the cut surface.

2095590

2095591

2095592

Treatment of rapidly progressive XXXX by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 and @entity786 .

multiple_choice

Ten @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity631 and @entity810 were treated with extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 , and @entity786 . Three @entity1 had @entity1252 , five had microscopic @entity573 and two had @entity2883 . All ten @entity1 were dialysis-dependent prior to immunoadsorption. Nine of ten @entity1 rapidly regained renal function and seven continue to have independent renal function between 9 and 30 months after immunoadsorption. Three @entity1 at presentation were not dialysis dependent. Despite treatment with @entity1667 , @entity786 , and oral @entity617 , renal function continued to deteriorate and they required dialysis. Immunoadsorption was then started without alteration in baseline immunosuppression. Within a mean of 4.6 days, range 3-7 days, renal function improved and the @entity1 no longer required dialysis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and double-stranded DNA antibodies were rapidly removed by immunoadsorption. Only one @entity1 with @entity1252 and two with microscopic @entity573 had significant resynthesis of antibody at 1 month post-immunoadsorption. Renal biopsy before and after immunoadsorption and immunosuppressive therapy showed resolution of glomerular crescents and no evidence of active disease. Immunoadsorption coupled with @entity617 and @entity786 may be of value in the treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 .

2095593

2095594

2095595

Treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, XXXX and @entity786 .

multiple_choice

Ten @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity631 and @entity810 were treated with extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 , and @entity786 . Three @entity1 had @entity1252 , five had microscopic @entity573 and two had @entity2883 . All ten @entity1 were dialysis-dependent prior to immunoadsorption. Nine of ten @entity1 rapidly regained renal function and seven continue to have independent renal function between 9 and 30 months after immunoadsorption. Three @entity1 at presentation were not dialysis dependent. Despite treatment with @entity1667 , @entity786 , and oral @entity617 , renal function continued to deteriorate and they required dialysis. Immunoadsorption was then started without alteration in baseline immunosuppression. Within a mean of 4.6 days, range 3-7 days, renal function improved and the @entity1 no longer required dialysis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and double-stranded DNA antibodies were rapidly removed by immunoadsorption. Only one @entity1 with @entity1252 and two with microscopic @entity573 had significant resynthesis of antibody at 1 month post-immunoadsorption. Renal biopsy before and after immunoadsorption and immunosuppressive therapy showed resolution of glomerular crescents and no evidence of active disease. Immunoadsorption coupled with @entity617 and @entity786 may be of value in the treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 .

2095596

2095597

2095598

Treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 by extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 and XXXX .

multiple_choice

Ten @entity1 with rapidly progressive @entity631 and @entity810 were treated with extracorporeal immunoadsorption, @entity617 , and @entity786 . Three @entity1 had @entity1252 , five had microscopic @entity573 and two had @entity2883 . All ten @entity1 were dialysis-dependent prior to immunoadsorption. Nine of ten @entity1 rapidly regained renal function and seven continue to have independent renal function between 9 and 30 months after immunoadsorption. Three @entity1 at presentation were not dialysis dependent. Despite treatment with @entity1667 , @entity786 , and oral @entity617 , renal function continued to deteriorate and they required dialysis. Immunoadsorption was then started without alteration in baseline immunosuppression. Within a mean of 4.6 days, range 3-7 days, renal function improved and the @entity1 no longer required dialysis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies and double-stranded DNA antibodies were rapidly removed by immunoadsorption. Only one @entity1 with @entity1252 and two with microscopic @entity573 had significant resynthesis of antibody at 1 month post-immunoadsorption. Renal biopsy before and after immunoadsorption and immunosuppressive therapy showed resolution of glomerular crescents and no evidence of active disease. Immunoadsorption coupled with @entity617 and @entity786 may be of value in the treatment of rapidly progressive @entity631 .

2095599

2095600

2095601

Late outcomes after the XXXX maze IV procedure for atrial fibrillation.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The @entity797 maze IV procedure (CMPIV) has been established as the gold standard for surgical ablation; however, late outcomes using current consensus definitions of treatment failure have not been well described. To compare to reported outcomes of catheter-based ablation, we report our institutional outcomes of @entity1 who underwent a left-sided or biatrial CMPIV at 5 years of follow-up. METHODS: Between January 2002 and September 2014, data were collected prospectively on 576 @entity1 with AF who underwent a CMPIV (n = 532) or left-sided CMPIV (n = 44). Perioperative variables and long-term freedom from AF, with and without AADs, were compared in multiple subgroups. RESULTS: Follow-up at any time point was 89%. At 5 years, overall freedom from AF was 93 of 119 (78%), and freedom from AF off AADs was 77 of 177 (66%). No differences were found in freedom from AF, with or without AADs, at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years for @entity1 with paroxysmal AF (n = 204) versus with persistent/longstanding persistent AF (n = 305), or for those who underwent standalone versus a concomitant CMP. Duration of preoperative AF and hospital length of stay were the best predictors of failure at 5 years. CONCLUSIONS: The outcomes of the CMPIV remain good at late follow-up. The type of preoperative AF or the addition of a concomitant procedure did not affect late success. The results of the CMPIV remain superior to those reported for catheter ablation and other forms of surgical AF ablation, especially for @entity1 with persistent or longstanding AF.

2095602

2095603

2095604

Evaluation of Off-Hour Emergency Care in Acute @entity385 : Results from the China National XXXX Registry.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quality of after-hour emergency care of @entity1 with acute @entity385 is debatable. We therefore, sought to analyze the performance measures, quality of care and clinical outcomes in these @entity1 admitted during off-hours. METHODS: Our study included 4493 @entity1 from a selected cohort of @entity1 admitted to the hospitals with @entity385 in the China National @entity64 Registry (CNSR) from September 2007 to August 2008. On-hour presentation was defined as arrival at the emergency department from the scene between 8AM and 5PM from Monday through Friday. Off-hours included the remainder of the on-hours and statutory holidays. The association between off-hour presentation and outcome was analyzed using multivariate logistic-regression models. RESULTS: Off-hour presentation was identified in 2672 (59.5%) @entity1 with @entity385 . Comparison of @entity1 admitted during off-hours with those admitted during on-hours revealed an unadjusted odds ratio of in-hospital mortality of 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.85), which declined to 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.93) after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics (especially, pre-hospital delay). No difference in 30-day mortality, total @entity204 or dependence at three, six and 12 months between two groups was observed. No association between off-hour admission and quality of care was found. CONCLUSIONS: In the CNSR database, compared with on-hour @entity1 , off-hour @entity1 with acute @entity385 admitted to the emergency departments from scene manifested a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality. However, the difference in incidence and quality of care between the groups disappeared after adjusting for pre-hospital delay and other variables.

2095605

2095606

2095607

Evaluation of Off-Hour Emergency Care in Acute XXXX : Results from the China National @entity64 Registry.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quality of after-hour emergency care of @entity1 with acute @entity385 is debatable. We therefore, sought to analyze the performance measures, quality of care and clinical outcomes in these @entity1 admitted during off-hours. METHODS: Our study included 4493 @entity1 from a selected cohort of @entity1 admitted to the hospitals with @entity385 in the China National @entity64 Registry (CNSR) from September 2007 to August 2008. On-hour presentation was defined as arrival at the emergency department from the scene between 8AM and 5PM from Monday through Friday. Off-hours included the remainder of the on-hours and statutory holidays. The association between off-hour presentation and outcome was analyzed using multivariate logistic-regression models. RESULTS: Off-hour presentation was identified in 2672 (59.5%) @entity1 with @entity385 . Comparison of @entity1 admitted during off-hours with those admitted during on-hours revealed an unadjusted odds ratio of in-hospital mortality of 1.38 (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.85), which declined to 1.34 (95% confidence interval, 0.93-1.93) after adjusting for @entity1 characteristics (especially, pre-hospital delay). No difference in 30-day mortality, total @entity204 or dependence at three, six and 12 months between two groups was observed. No association between off-hour admission and quality of care was found. CONCLUSIONS: In the CNSR database, compared with on-hour @entity1 , off-hour @entity1 with acute @entity385 admitted to the emergency departments from scene manifested a higher incidence of in-hospital mortality. However, the difference in incidence and quality of care between the groups disappeared after adjusting for pre-hospital delay and other variables.

2095608

2095609

2095610

Inflammatory gene networks in term XXXX decidual cells define a potential signature for cytokine-mediated parturition.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is a proximate mediator of preterm birth and @entity2241 . During @entity32 several microRNAs (22 @entity4334 noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules) are up-regulated in response to cytokines such as @entity1356 . MicroRNAs, in most cases, fine-tune gene expression, including both up-regulation and down-regulation of their target genes. However, the role of pro- and antiinflammatory microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The principal goal of the work was to examine the inflammatory genomic profile of @entity1 decidual cells challenged with a proinflammatory cytokine known to be present in the setting of preterm parturition. We determined the coding (messenger RNA) and noncoding (microRNA) sequences to construct a network of interacting genes during @entity32 using an in vitro model of decidual stromal cells. STUDY DESIGN: The effects of @entity1356 exposure on mature microRNA expression were tested in @entity1 decidual cell cultures using the multiplexed NanoString platform, whereas the global inflammatory transcriptional response was measured using oligonucleotide microarrays. Differential expression of select transcripts was confirmed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics tools were used to infer transcription factor activation and regulatory interactions. RESULTS: @entity1356 elicited up- and down-regulation of 350 and 78 nonredundant transcripts (false discovery rate < 0.1), respectively, including induction of numerous cytokines, chemokines, and other inflammatory mediators. Whereas this transcriptional response included marked changes in several microRNA gene loci, the pool of fully processed, mature microRNA was comparatively stable following a cytokine challenge. Of a total of 6 mature microRNAs identified as being differentially expressed by NanoString profiling, 2 ( @entity6991 and @entity10015 ) were validated by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Using complementary bioinformatics approaches, activation of several inflammatory transcription factors could be inferred downstream of @entity1356 based on the overall transcriptional response. Further analysis revealed that @entity6991 and @entity10015 both target genes involved in inflammatory signaling, including Toll-like receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. CONCLUSION: Stimulation of decidual cells with @entity1356 alters the expression of microRNAs that function to temper proinflammatory signaling. In this setting, some microRNAs may be involved in tissue-level @entity32 during the bulk of gestation and assist in pregnancy maintenance.

2095611

2095612

2095613

XXXX ( @entity518 ) promotes extracellular matrix synthesis and wound repair in @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity518 is a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that binds toll-like receptors (e.g. @entity2939 ) and the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). Direct effects of @entity518 on airway structural cells are not fully known. As epithelial cell responses are fundamental drivers of @entity565 , including abnormal repair-restitution linked to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that @entity518 promotes bronchial epithelial cell wound repair via @entity2939 and/or @entity4283 signalling that regulates ECM (fibronectin and the y2 chain of laminin-5) and integrin protein abundance. To assess impact of @entity518 we used molecular and pharmacological inhibitors of @entity4283 or @entity2939 signalling in scratch wound, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays to assess wound repair, ECM synthesis and phosphorylation of intracellular signalling. @entity518 increased wound closure and this effect was attenuated by blocking @entity4283 and @entity2939 signalling. @entity518 induced fibronectin and laminin-5 (y2 chain) was diminished by blocking @entity4283 and/or blunting @entity2939 signalling. Similarly, induction of a3 integrin receptor for fibronectin and laminin-5 was also diminished by blocking @entity2939 signalling and @entity4283 . Lastly, rapid and/or sustained phosphorylation of @entity2536 , @entity1366 and JNK signalling modulated @entity518 induced wound closure. Our findings suggest a role for @entity518 in @entity1 airway epithelial cell repair and restitution via multiple pathways mediated by @entity2939 and @entity4283 that underpin increased ECM synthesis and modulation of cell-matrix adhesion.

2095614

2095615

2095616

@entity518 ( XXXX ) promotes extracellular matrix synthesis and wound repair in @entity1 bronchial epithelial cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity518 is a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that binds toll-like receptors (e.g. @entity2939 ) and the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). Direct effects of @entity518 on airway structural cells are not fully known. As epithelial cell responses are fundamental drivers of @entity565 , including abnormal repair-restitution linked to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that @entity518 promotes bronchial epithelial cell wound repair via @entity2939 and/or @entity4283 signalling that regulates ECM (fibronectin and the y2 chain of laminin-5) and integrin protein abundance. To assess impact of @entity518 we used molecular and pharmacological inhibitors of @entity4283 or @entity2939 signalling in scratch wound, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays to assess wound repair, ECM synthesis and phosphorylation of intracellular signalling. @entity518 increased wound closure and this effect was attenuated by blocking @entity4283 and @entity2939 signalling. @entity518 induced fibronectin and laminin-5 (y2 chain) was diminished by blocking @entity4283 and/or blunting @entity2939 signalling. Similarly, induction of a3 integrin receptor for fibronectin and laminin-5 was also diminished by blocking @entity2939 signalling and @entity4283 . Lastly, rapid and/or sustained phosphorylation of @entity2536 , @entity1366 and JNK signalling modulated @entity518 induced wound closure. Our findings suggest a role for @entity518 in @entity1 airway epithelial cell repair and restitution via multiple pathways mediated by @entity2939 and @entity4283 that underpin increased ECM synthesis and modulation of cell-matrix adhesion.

2095617

2095618

2095619

@entity518 ( @entity518 ) promotes extracellular matrix synthesis and wound repair in XXXX bronchial epithelial cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity518 is a damage associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that binds toll-like receptors (e.g. @entity2939 ) and the @entity4283 ( @entity4283 ). Direct effects of @entity518 on airway structural cells are not fully known. As epithelial cell responses are fundamental drivers of @entity565 , including abnormal repair-restitution linked to changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that @entity518 promotes bronchial epithelial cell wound repair via @entity2939 and/or @entity4283 signalling that regulates ECM (fibronectin and the y2 chain of laminin-5) and integrin protein abundance. To assess impact of @entity518 we used molecular and pharmacological inhibitors of @entity4283 or @entity2939 signalling in scratch wound, immunofluorescence and immunoblotting assays to assess wound repair, ECM synthesis and phosphorylation of intracellular signalling. @entity518 increased wound closure and this effect was attenuated by blocking @entity4283 and @entity2939 signalling. @entity518 induced fibronectin and laminin-5 (y2 chain) was diminished by blocking @entity4283 and/or blunting @entity2939 signalling. Similarly, induction of a3 integrin receptor for fibronectin and laminin-5 was also diminished by blocking @entity2939 signalling and @entity4283 . Lastly, rapid and/or sustained phosphorylation of @entity2536 , @entity1366 and JNK signalling modulated @entity518 induced wound closure. Our findings suggest a role for @entity518 in @entity1 airway epithelial cell repair and restitution via multiple pathways mediated by @entity2939 and @entity4283 that underpin increased ECM synthesis and modulation of cell-matrix adhesion.

2095620

2095621

2095622

Is immunotherapy an opportunity for effective treatment of XXXX ?

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Immunotherapy has a great potential of becoming a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of addiction to psychoactive drugs. It may be used to treat addiction but also to prevent @entity2359 complications of @entity1445 . In preclinical studies two immunological methods have been tested; active immunization, which relies on the administration of vaccines and passive immunization, which relies on the administration of monoclonal antibodies. Until now researchers have succeeded in developing vaccines and/or antibodies against addiction to @entity4521 , @entity2072 , @entity888 , @entity1239 and @entity12781 . Their effectiveness has been confirmed in preclinical studies. At present, clinical studies are being conducted for vaccines against @entity1239 and @entity2072 and also anti- @entity888 monoclonal antibody. These preclinical and clinical studies suggest that immunotherapy may be useful in the treatment of addiction and @entity1445 . However, there are a few problems to be solved. One of them is controlling the level of antibodies due to variability between subjects. But even obtaining a suitable antibody titer does not guarantee the effectiveness of the vaccine. Additionally, there is a risk of intentional or unintentional @entity1445 . As vaccines prevent passing of drugs through the blood/brain barrier and thereby prevent their positive reinforcement, some addicted @entity1 may erroneously seek higher doses of psychoactive substances to get "high". Consequently, vaccination should be targeted at @entity1 who have a strong motivation to free themselves from @entity734 . It seems that immunotherapy may be an opportunity for effective treatment of @entity734 if directed to adequate candidates for treatment. For other addicts, immunotherapy may be a very important element supporting psycho- and pharmacotherapy.

2095623

2095624

2095625

Predictors for short-term outcomes of XXXX undergoing transcatheter mitral valve interventions: analysis of 778 prospective @entity1 from the German TRAMI registry focusing on baseline renal function.

multiple_choice

AIMS: Factors predicting outcomes after MitraClip implantation are not well defined. We aimed to report the influence of baseline renal function on short-term outcomes of @entity1 enrolled in the investigator-initiated German transcatheter mitral valve interventions (TRAMI) registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty participating German centres prospectively included 778 @entity1 (mean age 76.0 years [71-81], 38.8% female gender) at high surgical risk (mean logistic EuroSCORE 20% [12-32%]) undergoing TMVR with the MitraClip for the treatment of symptomatic functional (70%) or degenerative (30%) @entity339 (FMR, DMR). The @entity1 were stratified according to renal function before clip implantation. The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity8 (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 ml/min) was 62.7% (37.3%, normal renal function [GFR >60 ml/min]; 49.6%, moderate @entity8 [GFR 30-60 ml/min]; 13.1%, severe @entity8 [GFR <30 ml/min]). TMVR was successfully completed in 98.2% of cases; acute procedural failure, in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 1.8%, 2.3% and 4.4%, respectively. Acute procedural failure and mortality rates (in-hospital, 30-day) were significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity8 (5.9%, 7.8%, 14.1%), as compared to @entity1 with moderately (1%, 1.3%, 3.0%) or mildly impaired to normal (1.4%, 1.7%, 2.9%) renal function (p<0.0001). Following Cox regression analysis, the prevalence of severe @entity8 at the time of TMVR was the only predictor for increased 30-day mortality rates (hazard ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval 1.88-6.2; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Renal function at the time of interventional mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system is a strong predictor for procedural outcomes. @entity1 with severe @entity8 have a more than threefold increased risk for acute procedural failure, in-hospital death and 30-day mortality.

2095626

2095627

2095628

Predictors for short-term outcomes of @entity1 undergoing transcatheter mitral valve interventions: analysis of 778 prospective XXXX from the German TRAMI registry focusing on baseline renal function.

multiple_choice

AIMS: Factors predicting outcomes after MitraClip implantation are not well defined. We aimed to report the influence of baseline renal function on short-term outcomes of @entity1 enrolled in the investigator-initiated German transcatheter mitral valve interventions (TRAMI) registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty participating German centres prospectively included 778 @entity1 (mean age 76.0 years [71-81], 38.8% female gender) at high surgical risk (mean logistic EuroSCORE 20% [12-32%]) undergoing TMVR with the MitraClip for the treatment of symptomatic functional (70%) or degenerative (30%) @entity339 (FMR, DMR). The @entity1 were stratified according to renal function before clip implantation. The prevalence of moderate to severe @entity8 (glomerular filtration rate [GFR] <60 ml/min) was 62.7% (37.3%, normal renal function [GFR >60 ml/min]; 49.6%, moderate @entity8 [GFR 30-60 ml/min]; 13.1%, severe @entity8 [GFR <30 ml/min]). TMVR was successfully completed in 98.2% of cases; acute procedural failure, in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 1.8%, 2.3% and 4.4%, respectively. Acute procedural failure and mortality rates (in-hospital, 30-day) were significantly higher in @entity1 with severe @entity8 (5.9%, 7.8%, 14.1%), as compared to @entity1 with moderately (1%, 1.3%, 3.0%) or mildly impaired to normal (1.4%, 1.7%, 2.9%) renal function (p<0.0001). Following Cox regression analysis, the prevalence of severe @entity8 at the time of TMVR was the only predictor for increased 30-day mortality rates (hazard ratio 3.42, 95% confidence interval 1.88-6.2; p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Renal function at the time of interventional mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system is a strong predictor for procedural outcomes. @entity1 with severe @entity8 have a more than threefold increased risk for acute procedural failure, in-hospital death and 30-day mortality.

2095629

2095630

2095631

Novel recruitment strategy to enrich for XXXX mutation carriers.

multiple_choice

The @entity15098 @entity15102 mutation is found at higher frequency among @entity191 ( @entity191 ) @entity1 of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry. This study was designed to test whether an internet-based approach could be an effective approach to screen and identify mutation carriers. Individuals with and without @entity191 of AJ ancestry were recruited and consented through an internet-based study website. An algorithm was applied to a series of screening questions to identify individuals at increased risk to carry the @entity15098 @entity15102 mutation. About 1000 individuals completed the initial screening. Around 741 qualified for mutation testing and 650 were tested. Seventy-two individuals carried at least one @entity15098 @entity15102 mutation; 38 with @entity191 (12.5%) and 34 without (10.1%). Among the AJ @entity191 @entity1 , each affected first-degree relative increased the likelihood the individual was @entity15098 + [OR = 4.7; 95% confidence interval = (2.4-9.0)]. The same was not observed among the unaffected AJ subjects (P = 0.11). An internet-based approach successfully screened large numbers of individuals to identify those with risk factors increasing the likelihood that they carried a @entity15098 @entity15102 mutation. A similar approach could be implemented in other disorders to identify individuals for clinical trials, biomarker analyses and other types of research studies.

2095632

2095633

2095634

[VISIBLE LIGHT AND XXXX SKIN (REVIEW)].

multiple_choice

Biological effect of a visible light depends on extend of its property to penetrate into the tissues: the greater is a wavelength the more is an effect of a radiation. An impact of a visible light on the skin is evident by wave and quantum effects. Quanta of a visible radiation carry more energy than infrared radiation, although an influence of such radiation on the skin is produced by the light spectrum on the boarder of the ultraviolet and the infrared rays and is manifested by thermal and chemical effects. It is determined that large doses of a visible light (405-436 nm) can cause skin erythema. At this time, the ratio of generation of free radicals in the skin during an exposure to the ultraviolet and the visible light range from 67-33% respectively. Visible rays of 400-500 nm length of wave cause an increase of the concentration of @entity26 's active form and mutation of DNA and proteins in the skin. The @entity110 in 4-18% of young @entity1 induced by photodermatosis is described. As a result of a direct exposure to sunlight photosensitive @entity484 is more common in elderly. Special place holds a @entity74 , caused by a visible light. In recent years, dermatologists widely use phototherapy. The method uses polychromatic, non-coherent (wavelength of 515-1200 nm) pulsating beam. During phototherapy/light treatment a @entity1 is being exposed to sunlight or bright artificial light. Sources of visible light are lasers, LEDs and fluorescent lamps which have the full range of a visible light. Phototherapy is used in the treatment of @entity5477 , @entity7383 , @entity308 , @entity1569 , @entity484 and neurodermities. LED of the red and near infrared range also is characterized by the therapeutic effect. They have an ability to influence cromatophores and enhance @entity855 synthesis in mitochondria. To speed up the healing of wounds and stimulate hair growth light sources of a weak intensity are used. The light of blue-green spectrum is widely used for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemy. A photodynamic therapy takes a special place. The third generation of the blue (410 nm), yellow (595 nm) and red photosensitors are used. Photodynamic therapy is used in the treatment of @entity5 as well.

2095635

2095636

2095637

Resource Utilization and Safety of Outpatient Management Following Intensive Induction or Salvage Chemotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia or XXXX : A Nonrandomized Clinical Comparative Analysis.

multiple_choice

Importance: Adults with @entity3052 ( @entity3052 ) or @entity2590 ( @entity2590 ) typically remain hospitalized after induction or salvage chemotherapy until blood cell count recovery, with resulting prolonged inpatient stays being a primary driver of health care costs. Pilot studies suggest that outpatient management following chemotherapy might be safe and could reduce costs for these @entity1 . Objective: To compare safety, resource utilization, @entity281 , and costs between adults discharged early following @entity3052 or @entity2590 induction or salvage chemotherapy and inpatient controls. Design: Nonrandomized, phase 2, single-center study conducted at the University of Washington Medical Center. Over a 43-month period (January 1, 2011, through July 31, 2014), 178 adults receiving intensive @entity3052 or @entity2590 chemotherapy were enrolled. After completion of chemotherapy, 107 @entity1 met predesignated medical and logistical criteria for early discharge, while 29 met medical criteria only and served as inpatient controls. Interventions: Early-discharge @entity1 were released from the hospital at the completion of chemotherapy, and supportive care was provided in the outpatient setting until blood cell count recovery (median, 21 days; range, 2-45 days). Controls received inpatient supportive care (median, 16 days; range, 3-42 days). Main Outcomes and Measures: We analyzed differences in early mortality, resource utilization including intensive care unit (ICU) days, transfusions per study day, and use of intravenous (IV) antibiotics per study day), numbers of @entity281 , and total and inpatient charges per study day among early-discharge @entity1 vs controls. Results: Four of the 107 early-discharge @entity1 and none of the 29 control @entity1 died within 30 days of enrollment (P = .58). Nine early-discharge @entity1 (8%) but no controls required ICU-level care (P = .20). No differences were noted in the median daily number of transfused red blood cell units (0.27 vs 0.29; P = .55) or number of transfused platelet units (0.26 vs 0.29; P = .31). Early-discharge @entity1 had more positive blood cultures (37 [35%] vs 4 [14%]; P = .04) but required fewer IV antibiotic days per study day (0.48 vs 0.71; P = .01). Overall, daily charges among early-discharge @entity1 were significantly lower than for inpatients (median, 3840 vs 5852; P < .001) despite increased charges per inpatient day when readmitted (median, 7405 vs 5852; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: Early discharge following intensive @entity3052 or @entity2590 chemotherapy can reduce costs and use of IV antibiotics, but attention should be paid to complications that may occur in the outpatient setting.

2095638

2095639

2095640

Clinical use of serum and urine bone markers in the management of XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity170 is a common disease characterized by decreased bone mass, @entity79 , and increased susceptibility to @entity174 . Almost 44 million Americans are estimated to have low bone mass, which puts them at increased risk of developing @entity170 and @entity174 . @entity170 is diagnosed by a low bone density (BMD) measurement, because a low BMD is known to contribute to increased @entity174 risk, which is the main source of morbidity and mortality for @entity170 . However, changes in bone mass and density in response to anti-resorptive therapy account for only a small portion of the predicted @entity174 risk reduction. Whereas dynamic changes in bone turnover, estimated by measurement of bone biochemical markers, such as breakdown products of type-I collagen and proteins secreted by osteoblasts and osteoclasts in blood and urine, can account for a major portion of anti- @entity174 efficacy of anti-resorptive agents. Most anti-resorptive agents act by rapidly reducing bone markers. This has led to advocacy for use of bone turnover markers, in complement to BMD measurement, in the management of @entity170 . In general, higher bone turnover is associated with accelerated @entity604 and potential deterioration in bone quality. Several clinical trials have established the potential utility of markers to identify @entity1 with rapid @entity604 , to aid in therapeutic decision-making, and to monitor therapeutic efficacy of various treatments. Elevated marker levels have been shown to be associated with increased risk of @entity174 in elderly @entity1 , but their utility in predicting @entity174 is not yet established. In this article, we provide a brief summary to primary practitioners about the role bone markers can play in the management of @entity170 .

2095641

2095642

2095643

Short-term Outcomes of a Randomized Pilot Trial of 2 Treatment Regimens of Transcutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation for XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1241 is a socially disabling condition that affects <=15% of adults. Neuromodulatory treatments for @entity1241 are now well established. Less invasive, cheaper, and more ambulatory forms of neuromodulation are under exploration. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the acceptability and safety of a new ambulatory tibial nerve stimulation device and to determine clinical effect size for 2 differing regimens of therapy. DESIGN: This was a randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel-arm, 6-week pilot trial. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at 7 United Kingdom trial centers. @entity1 were initially reviewed in the trial center, with subsequent applications of the device performed in the @entity1 home setting. @entity1 : A total of 43 eligible @entity1 (38 @entity1 ) who failed conservative management of @entity1241 were included in the study. INTERVENTION: The study intervention involved twice-weekly, 1- versus 4-hour transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation for 6 weeks (total of 12 treatments). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standard @entity1241 outcome tools (bowel diary, symptom severity score, and generic quality-of-life instruments) were used to collect data at baseline and at 2 weeks posttreatment cessation. RESULTS: A total of 22 @entity1 were randomly assigned to the 1-hour group and 21 to the 4-hour group. Improvements in @entity1241 were observed for both groups, including median urge @entity322 episodes per week at baseline and posttreatment (1-hour group 2.0 to 0.5 versus 4-hour group 4.0 to 1.0) and deferment time (1-hour group 2.0 to 2.0 minutes versus 4-hour group 0.5 to 5.0 minutes). Accompanying changes were observed in physical functioning domains of quality-of-life instruments. There were no adverse events, and the treatment was highly acceptable to @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Limitations included the pilot design and lack of control arm in the study. Future trials would need to address these limitations. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study provides evidence that transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation with a new ambulatory device is safe and acceptable for the management of @entity1241 . Additional study is warranted to investigate clinical effectiveness.

2095644

2095645

2095646

Treatment of XXXX with a 1210-nm diode laser in an animal model.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A temperature increase can improve wound healing by activation of @entity1457 protein 70 and stimulation of fibroblasts. Since keloids are a dysfunction of collagen fiber synthesis and organization, this study aimed to evaluate if a 1,210 nm diode laser could have effects in a new animal model of @entity2318 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 39 @entity19 were used for this study. Phototypes IV and V @entity1 keloids were grafted into their backs and after 1 month of healing, the @entity19 were divided into four groups: Control, Laser, Resection, Resection/Laser. In the Laser group, the keloids were treated with a 1,210-nm diode-laser with the following parameters: 4 W; 10 seconds; fluence: 51 J/cm(2) ; spot: 18.9 * 3.7 mm(2) . In the Resection group, surgical intra-lesional excision was performed. In the Resection/Laser group, keloids were treated with the 1,210-nm laser-diode after surgical intra-lesional excision. Temperature measurements were made during the laser treatment. Clinical examination and histological study were performed on the day of treatment and 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months later. RESULTS: Mean temperature measurement was of 44.8 C (42-48 ) in the Laser groups. No healing complications or keloid proliferation was observed in any group. Keloid histologic characters were confirmed in all grafts. No histologic particularity was observed in the laser groups in comparison with the Control and Resection groups. CONCLUSION: First, this keloid animal model appears to be adapted for laser study. Secondly, the 1,210-nm diode laser does not induce keloid thermal damage in vivo. Further studies with different 1,210-nm laser diode parameters should be performed in order to observe significant effects on keloids. Lasers Surg. Med. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2095647

2095648

2095649

Feasibility of XXXX with double cerebral embolic protection in high-risk @entity1 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Previous trials comparing @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) with carotid endarterectomy have shown that the former can increase the @entity64 rate. However, in the last years, because of the improvements either of the technique or the improvement of the stents and @entity887 ( @entity887 ), @entity2998 has become a very competitive procedure. In this study, we tried to assess the feasibility and the safety of using double @entity887 (proximal and distal) in high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: We collected data about all consecutive @entity1 with @entity543 who underwent @entity2998 and compared clinical and procedural characteristics as well as immediate and 30-day outcomes between the use of double vs. single @entity887 . RESULTS: Between November 2007 and August 2014, 294 @entity1 underwent @entity2998 . In 35 of them (11.9%) double @entity887 was used. In comparison with the @entity1 treated with single @entity887 , those with double @entity887 presented more with acute @entity3538 (recurrent TIAs < 48 hr, minor @entity64 < 14 days) and with complex plaque (79.4 vs. 33.6%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference between the 2 groups in primary success (100 vs. 99.6%, P = 0.16) and in 30-days major complications: death (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.6), major @entity64 (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.42), and minor @entity64 (0 vs 1.1%, P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, in high-risk @entity1 with high-risk lesions, the use of double @entity887 (proximal and distal) is safe and effective in minimizing the risk of cerebral embolization, but, to validate such a technique in wide range of @entity1 , further studies are warranted. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2095650

2095651

2095652

Feasibility of @entity2998 with double cerebral embolic protection in high-risk XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Previous trials comparing @entity2998 ( @entity2998 ) with carotid endarterectomy have shown that the former can increase the @entity64 rate. However, in the last years, because of the improvements either of the technique or the improvement of the stents and @entity887 ( @entity887 ), @entity2998 has become a very competitive procedure. In this study, we tried to assess the feasibility and the safety of using double @entity887 (proximal and distal) in high-risk @entity1 . METHODS: We collected data about all consecutive @entity1 with @entity543 who underwent @entity2998 and compared clinical and procedural characteristics as well as immediate and 30-day outcomes between the use of double vs. single @entity887 . RESULTS: Between November 2007 and August 2014, 294 @entity1 underwent @entity2998 . In 35 of them (11.9%) double @entity887 was used. In comparison with the @entity1 treated with single @entity887 , those with double @entity887 presented more with acute @entity3538 (recurrent TIAs < 48 hr, minor @entity64 < 14 days) and with complex plaque (79.4 vs. 33.6%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference between the 2 groups in primary success (100 vs. 99.6%, P = 0.16) and in 30-days major complications: death (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.6), major @entity64 (0 vs. 0.8%, P = 0.42), and minor @entity64 (0 vs 1.1%, P = 0.66). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, in high-risk @entity1 with high-risk lesions, the use of double @entity887 (proximal and distal) is safe and effective in minimizing the risk of cerebral embolization, but, to validate such a technique in wide range of @entity1 , further studies are warranted. 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

2095653

2095654

2095655

Endovascular Recanalization Therapy in Acute XXXX : Updated Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Recent randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have demonstrated benefits of endovascular recanalization therapy (ERT) contrary to earlier trials. We aimed to estimate the benefits of ERT added to standard therapy in acute @entity385 . METHODS: From a literature search of RCTs testing ERT, we performed a meta-analysis to estimate an overall efficacy and safety of ERT for all trials, stent-retriever trials, and RCTs comparing ERT and intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-TPA). RESULTS: We identified 15 relevant RCTs including 2,899 @entity1 . For all trials, ERT was associated with increased good outcomes (odds ratio [OR] 1.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34, 2.40; P<0.001) compared to the control. ERT also increased no or minimal disability outcomes, good neurological recovery, good activity of daily living, and recanalization. ERT did not significantly increase @entity932 ( @entity932 ) (OR 1.19; 95% CI 0.83, 1.69; P=0.345) or @entity204 (OR 0.87; 95% CI 0.71, 1.05; P=0.151). In contrast, ERT significantly reduced @entity717 or @entity204 (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61, 0.97; P=0.025). Restricting to five stent-retriever trials comparing ERT plus IV-TPA vs. IV- @entity865 alone, the benefit was even greater for good outcome (OR 2.39; 95% CI 1.88, 3.04; P<0.001) and @entity717 or @entity204 (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.41, 0.78; P=0.001). Restricting to eight RCTs comparing ERT (plus IV-TPA in six trials) with IV-TPA alone showed similar efficacy and safety. CONCLUSIONS: This updated meta-analysis shows that ERT substantially improves clinical outcomes and reduces @entity717 or @entity204 without significantly increasing @entity932 compared to standard therapy.

2095656

2095657

2095658

Tools for translational epigenetic studies involving XXXX -fixed paraffin-embedded human tissue: applying the Infinium HumanMethyation450 Beadchip assay to large population-based studies.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Large population-based translational epigenetic studies are emerging due to recent technological advances that have made molecular analyses possible. For example, the Infinium HumanMethylation450 Beadchip (HM450K) has enabled studies of genome-wide methylation on a scale not previously possible. However, application of the HM450K to DNA extracted from @entity406 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) @entity5 material has been more challenging than application to high quality DNA extracted from blood. To facilitate the application of this assay consistently across a large number of @entity5 -enriched DNA samples we have devised a modification to the HM450K protocol for FFPE that includes an additional quality control (QC) checkpoint. RESULTS: QC checkpoint 3 was designed to assess the presence of DNA after @entity9736 conversion and restoration, just prior to application of the HM450K assay. DNA was extracted from 474 archival FFPE @entity0 material. Five samples did not have a detectable amount of DNA with an additional 42 failing to progress past QC checkpoint 3. Genome-wide methylation was measured for the remaining 428 @entity5 -enriched DNA. Of these, only 4 samples failed our stringent HM450K data criteria thus representing a 99 % success rate. Using prior knowledge about methylation marks associated with @entity0 we further explored the quality of the data. Twenty probes in the @entity5345 promoter region showed increased methylation in triple-negative @entity0 compared to Luminal A, Luminal B and @entity1722 -positive @entity0 subtypes. Validation of this observation in published data from The @entity5 (TCGA) Network (obtained from DNA extracted from fresh frozen @entity5 samples) confirms the quality of the data obtained from the improved protocol. CONCLUSIONS: The modified protocol is suitable for the analysis of @entity5 -enriched DNA and can be systematically applied to hundreds of samples. This protocol will have utility in population-based translational epigenetic studies and is applicable to a wide variety of translated studies interested in analysis of methylation and its role in the predisposition to @entity66 .

2095659

2095660

2095661

XXXX synthesis in FV-3-infected @entity1 cells.

multiple_choice

@entity3141 (DNA) synthesis and virus growth in @entity12716 )-infected @entity1 cells in suspension were examined. The kinetics of @entity1014 incorporation into DNA was followed by fractionating infected cells. The cell fractionation procedure separated replicating viral DNA from matured virus. Incorporation of isotope into the nuclear fraction was depressed 2 to 3 hr postinfection; this inhibition did not require protein synthesis. About 3 to 4 hr postinfection, there was an increase in @entity1014 incorporation into both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The nuclear-associating DNA had a @entity2774 plus @entity5538 (GC) content of 52%; unlike host DNA it was synthesized in the presence of @entity1138 , it could be removed from nuclei by centrifugation through @entity969 , and it was susceptible to nuclease digestion. This nuclear-associating DNA appeared to be a precursor of cytoplasmic DNA of infected cells. The formation of the latter DNA class could be selectively inhibited by conditions (infection at 37 C or inhibition of protein synthesis) that permit continued incorporation of @entity1014 into nuclear-associating DNA. The cytoplasmic DNA class also had a GC content of 52%, was resistant to nuclease degradation, and its sedimentation profile in @entity969 gradients corresponded to that of infective virus. Contrary to previous reports, we found that (i) viral DNA synthesis can continue in the absence of concomitant protein synthesis, and (ii) viral DNA synthesis is not abolished at 37 C. The temperature lesion in FV-3 replication appeared to be in the packaging of DNA into the form that appears in the cytoplasmic fraction of disrupted cells.

2095662

2095663

2095664

@entity3141 synthesis in FV-3-infected XXXX cells.

multiple_choice

@entity3141 (DNA) synthesis and virus growth in @entity12716 )-infected @entity1 cells in suspension were examined. The kinetics of @entity1014 incorporation into DNA was followed by fractionating infected cells. The cell fractionation procedure separated replicating viral DNA from matured virus. Incorporation of isotope into the nuclear fraction was depressed 2 to 3 hr postinfection; this inhibition did not require protein synthesis. About 3 to 4 hr postinfection, there was an increase in @entity1014 incorporation into both nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions. The nuclear-associating DNA had a @entity2774 plus @entity5538 (GC) content of 52%; unlike host DNA it was synthesized in the presence of @entity1138 , it could be removed from nuclei by centrifugation through @entity969 , and it was susceptible to nuclease digestion. This nuclear-associating DNA appeared to be a precursor of cytoplasmic DNA of infected cells. The formation of the latter DNA class could be selectively inhibited by conditions (infection at 37 C or inhibition of protein synthesis) that permit continued incorporation of @entity1014 into nuclear-associating DNA. The cytoplasmic DNA class also had a GC content of 52%, was resistant to nuclease degradation, and its sedimentation profile in @entity969 gradients corresponded to that of infective virus. Contrary to previous reports, we found that (i) viral DNA synthesis can continue in the absence of concomitant protein synthesis, and (ii) viral DNA synthesis is not abolished at 37 C. The temperature lesion in FV-3 replication appeared to be in the packaging of DNA into the form that appears in the cytoplasmic fraction of disrupted cells.

2095665

2095666

2095667

Neuregulin1-b decreases XXXX -induced @entity3547 activation, @entity3097 phosphorylation, and endothelial hyperpermeability.

multiple_choice

@entity6536 ( @entity6536 ) is an endogenous growth factor with multiple functions in the embryonic and postnatal brain. The @entity6536 gene is large and complex, transcribing more than twenty transmembrane proteins and generating a large number of isoforms in tissue and cell type-specific patterns. Within the brain, @entity6536 functions have been studied most extensively in neurons and glia, as well as in the peripheral vasculature. Recently, @entity6536 signaling has been found to be important in the function of brain microvascular endothelial cells, decreasing @entity1356 -induced increases in endothelial permeability. In the current experiments, we have investigated the pathways through which the @entity6536 -b isoform acts on @entity1356 -induced endothelial permeability. Our data show that @entity6536 -b increases barrier function, measured by transendothelial electrical resistance, and decreases @entity1356 -induced hyperpermeability, measured by dextran-40 extravasation through a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells plated on transwells. An investigation of key signaling proteins suggests that the effect of @entity6536 -b on endothelial permeability is mediated through @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, events which affect filamentous actin morphology. In addition, @entity67962 , an inhibitor of the @entity1722 -associated @entity4149 kinase, reduces the effect of @entity6536 -b on @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation. These data add to the evidence that @entity6536 -b signaling affects changes in the brain microvasculature in the setting of neuroinflammation. We propose the following events for @entity6536 -mediated effects on @entity1356 ( @entity1356 )-induced endothelial hyperpermeability: @entity1356 leads to @entity3547 activation, resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of @entity3097 ( @entity3097 ). Phosphorylation of @entity3097 is known to result in actin contraction and alterations in the f-actin cytoskeletal structure. These changes are associated with increased endothelial permeability. Neuregulin-1b acts through its transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways which inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, thereby preserving the f-actin cytoskeletal structure and endothelial barrier function.

2095668

2095669

2095670

Neuregulin1-b decreases @entity1356 -induced XXXX activation, @entity3097 phosphorylation, and endothelial hyperpermeability.

multiple_choice

@entity6536 ( @entity6536 ) is an endogenous growth factor with multiple functions in the embryonic and postnatal brain. The @entity6536 gene is large and complex, transcribing more than twenty transmembrane proteins and generating a large number of isoforms in tissue and cell type-specific patterns. Within the brain, @entity6536 functions have been studied most extensively in neurons and glia, as well as in the peripheral vasculature. Recently, @entity6536 signaling has been found to be important in the function of brain microvascular endothelial cells, decreasing @entity1356 -induced increases in endothelial permeability. In the current experiments, we have investigated the pathways through which the @entity6536 -b isoform acts on @entity1356 -induced endothelial permeability. Our data show that @entity6536 -b increases barrier function, measured by transendothelial electrical resistance, and decreases @entity1356 -induced hyperpermeability, measured by dextran-40 extravasation through a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells plated on transwells. An investigation of key signaling proteins suggests that the effect of @entity6536 -b on endothelial permeability is mediated through @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, events which affect filamentous actin morphology. In addition, @entity67962 , an inhibitor of the @entity1722 -associated @entity4149 kinase, reduces the effect of @entity6536 -b on @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation. These data add to the evidence that @entity6536 -b signaling affects changes in the brain microvasculature in the setting of neuroinflammation. We propose the following events for @entity6536 -mediated effects on @entity1356 ( @entity1356 )-induced endothelial hyperpermeability: @entity1356 leads to @entity3547 activation, resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of @entity3097 ( @entity3097 ). Phosphorylation of @entity3097 is known to result in actin contraction and alterations in the f-actin cytoskeletal structure. These changes are associated with increased endothelial permeability. Neuregulin-1b acts through its transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways which inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, thereby preserving the f-actin cytoskeletal structure and endothelial barrier function.

2095671

2095672

2095673

Neuregulin1-b decreases @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation, XXXX phosphorylation, and endothelial hyperpermeability.

multiple_choice

@entity6536 ( @entity6536 ) is an endogenous growth factor with multiple functions in the embryonic and postnatal brain. The @entity6536 gene is large and complex, transcribing more than twenty transmembrane proteins and generating a large number of isoforms in tissue and cell type-specific patterns. Within the brain, @entity6536 functions have been studied most extensively in neurons and glia, as well as in the peripheral vasculature. Recently, @entity6536 signaling has been found to be important in the function of brain microvascular endothelial cells, decreasing @entity1356 -induced increases in endothelial permeability. In the current experiments, we have investigated the pathways through which the @entity6536 -b isoform acts on @entity1356 -induced endothelial permeability. Our data show that @entity6536 -b increases barrier function, measured by transendothelial electrical resistance, and decreases @entity1356 -induced hyperpermeability, measured by dextran-40 extravasation through a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells plated on transwells. An investigation of key signaling proteins suggests that the effect of @entity6536 -b on endothelial permeability is mediated through @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, events which affect filamentous actin morphology. In addition, @entity67962 , an inhibitor of the @entity1722 -associated @entity4149 kinase, reduces the effect of @entity6536 -b on @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation. These data add to the evidence that @entity6536 -b signaling affects changes in the brain microvasculature in the setting of neuroinflammation. We propose the following events for @entity6536 -mediated effects on @entity1356 ( @entity1356 )-induced endothelial hyperpermeability: @entity1356 leads to @entity3547 activation, resulting in an increase in phosphorylation of @entity3097 ( @entity3097 ). Phosphorylation of @entity3097 is known to result in actin contraction and alterations in the f-actin cytoskeletal structure. These changes are associated with increased endothelial permeability. Neuregulin-1b acts through its transmembrane receptors to activate intracellular signaling pathways which inhibit @entity1356 -induced @entity3547 activation and @entity3097 phosphorylation, thereby preserving the f-actin cytoskeletal structure and endothelial barrier function.

2095674

2095675

2095676

Sudden unexpected XXXX in @entity302 : evidence-based analysis of incidence and risk factors.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To provide an evidence-based analysis of the risk factors and incidence of SUDEP, and to assess methodological aspects and sources of variation in studies dealing with SUDEP. METHODS: An expert in library resources and electronic databases comprehensively searched Medline, Index Medicus, and the Cochrane library. We included case-control or cohort studies focusing on SUDEP in @entity1 or adults, published in the English language. Two reviewers independently applied study eligibility criteria and extracted data, resolving disagreements through discussion. RESULTS: Of 404 citations identified, 83 potentially eligible articles were reviewed in full text and 36 studies fulfilled eligibility criteria (29 cohort and 8 case-control studies). In studies using non-SUDEP deaths as controls the most consistent risk factors were a @entity410 preceding @entity204 , and subtherapeutic antiepileptic drug levels. In studies that used @entity1 living with @entity302 as controls the main risk factors for SUDEP were youth, high @entity410 frequency, high number of antiepileptic drugs and long duration of @entity302 . The annual incidence of SUDEP ranged from 0 to 10:1000. It was highest in studies of candidates for @entity302 surgery and @entity302 referral centers (2.2:1000-10:1000), intermediate in studies including @entity1 with @entity1032 (3.4:1000-3.6:1000), and lowest in @entity1 (0-0.2:1000). The incidence was similar in autopsy series (0.35:1000-2.5:1000) and in studies of @entity302 @entity1 in the general population (0-1.35:1000). The median proportion of SUDEP in relation to overall mortality in @entity302 was 40 and 4% in high- and low-risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although studies on SUDEP are heterogeneous in methodology, consistent patterns in incidence and risk factors emerge. Low- and high-risk @entity1 groups are identified, which determine the relative contribution of SUDEP to overall mortality in @entity302 . In addition to @entity1 population, risk factors for SUDEP depend on the type of controls used for comparison (dead versus live @entity1 with @entity302 ). Risk factors found in different studies are not necessarily contradictory, but are often complementary.

2095677

2095678

2095679

Sudden unexpected @entity204 in XXXX : evidence-based analysis of incidence and risk factors.

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: To provide an evidence-based analysis of the risk factors and incidence of SUDEP, and to assess methodological aspects and sources of variation in studies dealing with SUDEP. METHODS: An expert in library resources and electronic databases comprehensively searched Medline, Index Medicus, and the Cochrane library. We included case-control or cohort studies focusing on SUDEP in @entity1 or adults, published in the English language. Two reviewers independently applied study eligibility criteria and extracted data, resolving disagreements through discussion. RESULTS: Of 404 citations identified, 83 potentially eligible articles were reviewed in full text and 36 studies fulfilled eligibility criteria (29 cohort and 8 case-control studies). In studies using non-SUDEP deaths as controls the most consistent risk factors were a @entity410 preceding @entity204 , and subtherapeutic antiepileptic drug levels. In studies that used @entity1 living with @entity302 as controls the main risk factors for SUDEP were youth, high @entity410 frequency, high number of antiepileptic drugs and long duration of @entity302 . The annual incidence of SUDEP ranged from 0 to 10:1000. It was highest in studies of candidates for @entity302 surgery and @entity302 referral centers (2.2:1000-10:1000), intermediate in studies including @entity1 with @entity1032 (3.4:1000-3.6:1000), and lowest in @entity1 (0-0.2:1000). The incidence was similar in autopsy series (0.35:1000-2.5:1000) and in studies of @entity302 @entity1 in the general population (0-1.35:1000). The median proportion of SUDEP in relation to overall mortality in @entity302 was 40 and 4% in high- and low-risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Although studies on SUDEP are heterogeneous in methodology, consistent patterns in incidence and risk factors emerge. Low- and high-risk @entity1 groups are identified, which determine the relative contribution of SUDEP to overall mortality in @entity302 . In addition to @entity1 population, risk factors for SUDEP depend on the type of controls used for comparison (dead versus live @entity1 with @entity302 ). Risk factors found in different studies are not necessarily contradictory, but are often complementary.

2095680

2095681

2095682

Short-term variability in body weight predicts long-term XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Body weight in lower animals and @entity1 is highly stable despite a very large flux in energy intake and expenditure over time. Conversely, the existence of higher-than-average variability in weight may indicate a disruption in the mechanisms responsible for homeostatic weight regulation. OBJECTIVE: In a sample chosen for weight-gain proneness, we evaluated whether weight variability over a 6-mo period predicted subsequent weight change from 6 to 24 mo. DESIGN: A total of 171 nonobese @entity1 were recruited to participate in this longitudinal study in which weight was measured 4 times over 24 mo. The initial 3 weights were used to calculate weight variability with the use of a root mean square error approach to assess fluctuations in weight independent of trajectory. Linear regression analysis was used to examine whether weight variability in the initial 6 mo predicted weight change 18 mo later. RESULTS: Greater weight variability significantly predicted amount of @entity1017 . This result was unchanged after control for baseline body mass index (BMI) and BMI change from baseline to 6 mo and for measures of disinhibition, restrained eating, and dieting. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated weight variability in young @entity1 may signal the degradation of body weight regulatory systems. In an obesogenic environment this may eventuate in accelerated @entity1017 , particularly in those with a genetic susceptibility toward overweight. Future research is needed to evaluate the reliability of weight variability as a predictor of future @entity1017 and the sources of its predictive effect. The trial on which this study is based is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00456131.

2095683

2095684

2095685

Measurement of adhesion of XXXX platelets in plasma to protein surfaces in microplates.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Platelet adhesion is an initial, crucial and complex event for inhibiting @entity190 upon @entity1317 . Activation and adhesion of platelets also play a fundamental role in the development of @entity715 . A combination of exposed extracellular matrix proteins in the vascular wall and release of activating compounds from the participating cells activate the platelets. New potent anti-platelet agents are in progress but there is a shortage of methods that measure the concerted action of adhesive surfaces and soluble compounds upon platelet adhesion in vitro. The aim of this work was to develop a method to measure adhesion of platelets in plasma with standard laboratory equipment. METHODS: Platelet-rich plasma from healthy @entity1 was used in studies to optimise the conditions of the present assay. Different proteins were coated in microplate wells and various soluble platelet activators and inhibitors were added to establish the ability of the current method to detect increased as well as @entity1423 . The amount of platelet adhesion was measured by the reaction between @entity7480 and the intracellular enzyme acid phosphatase. RESULTS: Adhesion of platelets in plasma to microplate wells coated with albumin, collagen, fibrinogen and activated plasma showed significant surface dependency. The known soluble platelet activators @entity857 , @entity1425 and @entity8325 enhanced the levels of adhesion. Available anti-platelet agents such as @entity4770 , @entity1928 , @entity117 and RGD containing peptides caused dose-dependent @entity1423 . DISCUSSION: This report describes a further development of a previously described method and offers the advantage to use platelets in plasma to measure platelet adhesion to protein surfaces. The assay is simple and flexible and is suitable in basic research for screening and characterisation of platelet adhesion responsiveness.

2095686

2095687

2095688

Association of high-sensitive XXXX and dialysis adequacy with @entity1381 .

multiple_choice

@entity1381 is a difficult symptom in chronic hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 , and its patho-physiological mechanism remains unknown. To determine the relationship between @entity111 and @entity1851 as well as dialysis adequacy among the HD @entity1 , we studied 241 chronic HD @entity1 in Shiraz dialysis centers, Iran. The @entity1 were selected by convenient sampling and the data were collected using a checklist, interview and lab tests. The mean age of our @entity1 was 53.9 16.3 years and 128 (53.1%) of them were male. There were 97 (40.2%) @entity1 who complained of @entity111 . A significant association was found between high-sensitive @entity1851 and @entity111 (P = 0.004). Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between @entity111 and dialysis adequacy (P <0.001). Our results suggested a correlation between the inflammatory reaction and @entity111 . Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and @entity111 . A better understanding of the factors implicated in the cause of @entity1381 is essential in the development of more-effective treatments and improved quality of life in HD @entity1 .

2095689

2095690

2095691

Association of high-sensitive @entity1851 and dialysis adequacy with XXXX .

multiple_choice

@entity1381 is a difficult symptom in chronic hemodialysis (HD) @entity1 , and its patho-physiological mechanism remains unknown. To determine the relationship between @entity111 and @entity1851 as well as dialysis adequacy among the HD @entity1 , we studied 241 chronic HD @entity1 in Shiraz dialysis centers, Iran. The @entity1 were selected by convenient sampling and the data were collected using a checklist, interview and lab tests. The mean age of our @entity1 was 53.9 16.3 years and 128 (53.1%) of them were male. There were 97 (40.2%) @entity1 who complained of @entity111 . A significant association was found between high-sensitive @entity1851 and @entity111 (P = 0.004). Also, a significant positive relationship was observed between @entity111 and dialysis adequacy (P <0.001). Our results suggested a correlation between the inflammatory reaction and @entity111 . Furthermore, a positive correlation was found between dialysis adequacy and @entity111 . A better understanding of the factors implicated in the cause of @entity1381 is essential in the development of more-effective treatments and improved quality of life in HD @entity1 .

2095692

2095693

2095694

Comparison of two dilution rates on XXXX semen quality after cryopreservation in a coconut water extender.

multiple_choice

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sperm dilution (one part semen:one part extender or at 200 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL) using a coconut water extender on the post-thaw sperm quality. Twelve ejaculates were collected from six @entity235 . Semen was divided into two aliquots, one for dilution one part semen:one part extender (group 1) and another for a concentration of 200 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL (group 2). Semen was initially extended at 37 degrees C at a proportion of one part semen:half part extender (1:1/2) for group 1 (A-fraction). For group 2, the volume for a concentration of 200 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL was calculated and a half of this volume was used for the initial dilution (A-fraction, 37 degrees C). Coconut water extender containing 20% egg yolk was used for this initial dilution in both groups. After dilution, the semen was cooled for 40 min in a thermal box (15 degrees C) and for 30 min in a refrigerator. The other half of the extender (B-fraction) containing egg yolk and @entity653 (12%) was added to semen in both groups. Subsequently, the final concentration of @entity653 in the extender was 6%. Ejaculates were frozen in 0.25 mL straws 5 cm above the surface of liquid @entity1568 and stored at -196 degrees C. After 1 week, straws were thawed at 37 degrees C for 1 min and the microscopic criteria were evaluated. The dilution method had no influence on sperm motility, vigor and normal spermatozoa (71.4 compared with 67.7%). There was no effect of @entity235 , ejaculate within male on post-thaw semen quality. Moreover, there was not a male x treatment interaction. Both treatments were efficient in preserving sperm quality.

2095695

2095696

2095697

Early Enhanced Parenteral Nutrition, XXXX , and Death Among Extremely Low-Birth-Weight @entity1 .

multiple_choice

Importance: Efforts to optimize early @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) @entity1 to promote growth and development may increase @entity4854 risk. Recent studies have identified an association between early @entity4854 and adverse outcomes in ELBW @entity1 . Objectives: To examine the prevalence of early @entity4854 and clinical outcomes among ELBW @entity1 before (2002-2005) and after (2006-2011) the implementation of an early enhanced @entity3147 protocol and to assess the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and early @entity4854 on mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Observational cohort study in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Prospectively collected clinical data in the neonatal intensive care unit's medical database, nutritional information, and blood @entity413 levels were merged for analysis. All ELBW @entity1 born between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011, without lethal @entity600 and still alive at 12 hours of life were eligible for inclusion in the study. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality was the main outcome measure. Severe @entity4854 was defined as 2 consecutive blood @entity413 levels exceeding 216 mg/dL at least 3 hours apart. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to determine the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and @entity4854 on mortality. Results: In total, 343 @entity1 were included in the study, 129 in a historical comparison group before the enhanced @entity3147 protocol and 214 in the early enhanced @entity3147 group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the study groups. After the introduction of early enhanced @entity3147 , the prevalence of severe @entity4854 during the first week of life was higher in the early enhanced @entity3147 group (11.6% [15 of 129] vs 41.6% [89 of 214], P < .001), as was the mortality (10.9% [14 of 129] vs 24.3% [52 of 214], P = .003). When adjusting for background characteristics, treatment, and nutritional data, early severe @entity4854 remained a strong independent risk factor for @entity204 (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.82-12.03), together with gestational age (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.79). Conclusions and Relevance: The implementation of an enhanced @entity3147 protocol was correlated with an increased prevalence of severe @entity4854 and higher mortality. In the multivariable analysis, an enhanced @entity3147 regimen per se was not predictive of mortality, whereas early severe @entity4854 remained strongly predictive of @entity204 . To avoid detrimental effects on outcomes in ELBW @entity1 , the optimal composition of early @entity3147 to avoid postnatal growth failure must be carefully balanced against @entity4854 risk.

2095698

2095699

2095700

Early Enhanced Parenteral Nutrition, @entity4854 , and Death Among Extremely Low-Birth-Weight XXXX .

multiple_choice

Importance: Efforts to optimize early @entity3147 ( @entity3147 ) in extremely low-birth-weight (ELBW) @entity1 to promote growth and development may increase @entity4854 risk. Recent studies have identified an association between early @entity4854 and adverse outcomes in ELBW @entity1 . Objectives: To examine the prevalence of early @entity4854 and clinical outcomes among ELBW @entity1 before (2002-2005) and after (2006-2011) the implementation of an early enhanced @entity3147 protocol and to assess the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and early @entity4854 on mortality. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Observational cohort study in a level III neonatal intensive care unit. Prospectively collected clinical data in the neonatal intensive care unit's medical database, nutritional information, and blood @entity413 levels were merged for analysis. All ELBW @entity1 born between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2011, without lethal @entity600 and still alive at 12 hours of life were eligible for inclusion in the study. Main Outcomes and Measures: Mortality was the main outcome measure. Severe @entity4854 was defined as 2 consecutive blood @entity413 levels exceeding 216 mg/dL at least 3 hours apart. A multivariable logistic regression model was applied to determine the independent effects of early enhanced @entity3147 and @entity4854 on mortality. Results: In total, 343 @entity1 were included in the study, 129 in a historical comparison group before the enhanced @entity3147 protocol and 214 in the early enhanced @entity3147 group. Baseline characteristics were similar between the study groups. After the introduction of early enhanced @entity3147 , the prevalence of severe @entity4854 during the first week of life was higher in the early enhanced @entity3147 group (11.6% [15 of 129] vs 41.6% [89 of 214], P < .001), as was the mortality (10.9% [14 of 129] vs 24.3% [52 of 214], P = .003). When adjusting for background characteristics, treatment, and nutritional data, early severe @entity4854 remained a strong independent risk factor for @entity204 (odds ratio, 4.68; 95% CI, 1.82-12.03), together with gestational age (odds ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.49-0.79). Conclusions and Relevance: The implementation of an enhanced @entity3147 protocol was correlated with an increased prevalence of severe @entity4854 and higher mortality. In the multivariable analysis, an enhanced @entity3147 regimen per se was not predictive of mortality, whereas early severe @entity4854 remained strongly predictive of @entity204 . To avoid detrimental effects on outcomes in ELBW @entity1 , the optimal composition of early @entity3147 to avoid postnatal growth failure must be carefully balanced against @entity4854 risk.

2095701

2095702

2095703

Complete mitochondrial genome reveals genetic diversity of XXXX (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae).

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity23699 is a zoonotic parasite that causes @entity693 in @entity1 . Earlier work on its mitochondrial genome was based on long polymerase chain reaction method. To date, only the mitogenome of the isolates from China has been studied. We report here the complete mitogenome of the Thailand isolate based on next generation sequencing and compare the genetic diversity with other isolates. The mitogenome of the Thailand isolate (13,519bp) is longer than those of the China isolates (13,497-13,502bp). Five protein-coding genes ( @entity67963 , @entity67964 , @entity67965 , cob, nad2) show variations in length among the isolates. The stop codon of the Thailand isolate differs from the China and Taiwan isolates in 4 genes ( @entity67963 , cob, nad2, nad6). Additionally, the Thailand isolate has 4 incomplete T stop codon compared to 3 in the China and Taiwan isolates. The control region is longer in the Thailand isolate (258bp) than the China (230-236bp) and Taiwan (237bp) isolates. The intergenic sequence between nad4 and @entity67964 genes in the Thailand isolate lacks 2bp (indels) at the 5'-end of the sequence as well as differs at 7 other sites compared to the China and Taiwan isolates. In the Thailand isolate, 18 tRNAs lack the entire T C-arm, compared to 17 in the China isolate and 16 in the Taiwan isolate. Phylogenetic analyses based on 36 mt-genes, 12 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and control region all indicate closer genetic affinity between the China and Taiwan isolates compared to the Thailand isolate. Based on 36 mt-genes, the inter-isolate genetic distance varies from p=3.2% between China and Taiwan isolates to p=11.6% between Thailand and China isolates. The mitogenome will be useful for population, phylogenetics and phylogeography studies.

2095704

2095705

2095706

The Importance of Rare Subtypes in Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX : A Review.

multiple_choice

Importance: @entity1897 is a prevalent condition that usually warrants a thorough history and examination but has limited diagnostic evaluation. However, rare localizations of @entity1897 often require more extensive diagnostic testing and different treatments. Objective: To describe rare localizations of @entity1897 , including the appropriate diagnostic evaluation and available treatments. Evidence Review: References were identified from PubMed searches conducted on May 29, 2015, with an emphasis on systematic reviews and randomized clinical trials. Articles were also identified through the use of the authors' own files. Search terms included common rare @entity16 localizations and their causes, as well as epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Findings: Diffuse, nonlength-dependent @entity16 , multiple @entity4216 , @entity1971 , plexopathies, and @entity16 are rare @entity1897 localizations that often require extensive diagnostic testing. @entity16 features, such as acute/subacute onset, asymmetry, and/or motor predominant signs, are frequently present. The most common diffuse, nonlength-dependent @entity16 are @entity5011 , @entity32 demyelinating @entity305 , @entity1897 , and @entity746 . Effective disease-modifying therapies exist for many diffuse, nonlength-dependent @entity16 including @entity5011 , @entity32 demyelinating @entity305 , @entity1897 , and some paraprotein-associated demyelinating @entity16 . @entity16 ( @entity4216 ) also has efficacious treatment options, but definitive evidence of a treatment effect for @entity16 and @entity6 ( @entity16 ) is lacking. Conclusions and Relevance: Recognition of rare localizations of @entity1897 is essential given the implications for diagnostic testing and treatment. Electrodiagnostic studies are an important early step in the diagnostic evaluation and provide information on the localization and pathophysiology of @entity128 .

2095707

2095708

2095709

@entity2426 modulates osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of XXXX -induced signaling pathways and reactive @entity26 species production.

multiple_choice

The mechanism by which TG modulates osteoclast formation and apoptosis is not clear. In this study, we showed a biphasic effect of TG on osteoclast formation and apoptosis through the regulation of ROS production, @entity185 activity, cytosolic @entity141 , and @entity5271 -induced activation of NF-kappaB and @entity9829 activities. INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis and differentiation are among the consequences of changes in intracellular @entity141 levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of the endoplasmic reticular @entity141 -ATPase inhibitor, @entity2426 (TG), on osteoclast apoptosis and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both RAW264.7 cells and primary spleen cells were used to examine the effect of TG on @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. To determine the action of TG on signaling pathways, we used reporter gene assays for NF-kappaB and @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) activity, Western blotting for phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and fluorescent probes to measure changes in levels of intracellular @entity460 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS). To assess rates of apoptosis, we measured changes in annexin staining, @entity185 activity, and chromatin and F-actin microfilament structure. RESULTS: At concentrations that caused a rapid rise in intracellular @entity141 , TG increased @entity185 activity and promoted apoptosis in osteoclast-like cells (OLCs). Low concentrations of TG, which were insufficient to measurably alter intracellular @entity141 , unexpectedly suppressed @entity185 activity and enhanced @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. At these lower concentrations, TG potentiated ROS production and @entity5271 -induced NF-kappaB activity, but suppressed @entity5271 -induced @entity9829 activity and had little effect on ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Our novel findings of a biphasic effect of TG are incompletely explained by our current understanding of TG action, but raise the possibility that low intensity or local changes in subcellular @entity141 levels may regulate intracellular differentiation signaling. The extent of cross-talk between @entity141 and @entity5271 -mediated intracellular signaling pathways might be important in determining whether cells undergo apoptosis or differentiate into OLCs.

2095710

2095711

2095712

@entity2426 modulates osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of @entity5271 -induced signaling pathways and reactive XXXX species production.

multiple_choice

The mechanism by which TG modulates osteoclast formation and apoptosis is not clear. In this study, we showed a biphasic effect of TG on osteoclast formation and apoptosis through the regulation of ROS production, @entity185 activity, cytosolic @entity141 , and @entity5271 -induced activation of NF-kappaB and @entity9829 activities. INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis and differentiation are among the consequences of changes in intracellular @entity141 levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of the endoplasmic reticular @entity141 -ATPase inhibitor, @entity2426 (TG), on osteoclast apoptosis and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both RAW264.7 cells and primary spleen cells were used to examine the effect of TG on @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. To determine the action of TG on signaling pathways, we used reporter gene assays for NF-kappaB and @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) activity, Western blotting for phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and fluorescent probes to measure changes in levels of intracellular @entity460 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS). To assess rates of apoptosis, we measured changes in annexin staining, @entity185 activity, and chromatin and F-actin microfilament structure. RESULTS: At concentrations that caused a rapid rise in intracellular @entity141 , TG increased @entity185 activity and promoted apoptosis in osteoclast-like cells (OLCs). Low concentrations of TG, which were insufficient to measurably alter intracellular @entity141 , unexpectedly suppressed @entity185 activity and enhanced @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. At these lower concentrations, TG potentiated ROS production and @entity5271 -induced NF-kappaB activity, but suppressed @entity5271 -induced @entity9829 activity and had little effect on ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Our novel findings of a biphasic effect of TG are incompletely explained by our current understanding of TG action, but raise the possibility that low intensity or local changes in subcellular @entity141 levels may regulate intracellular differentiation signaling. The extent of cross-talk between @entity141 and @entity5271 -mediated intracellular signaling pathways might be important in determining whether cells undergo apoptosis or differentiate into OLCs.

2095713

2095714

2095715

XXXX modulates osteoclastogenesis through the regulation of @entity5271 -induced signaling pathways and reactive @entity26 species production.

multiple_choice

The mechanism by which TG modulates osteoclast formation and apoptosis is not clear. In this study, we showed a biphasic effect of TG on osteoclast formation and apoptosis through the regulation of ROS production, @entity185 activity, cytosolic @entity141 , and @entity5271 -induced activation of NF-kappaB and @entity9829 activities. INTRODUCTION: Apoptosis and differentiation are among the consequences of changes in intracellular @entity141 levels. In this study, we investigated the effects of the endoplasmic reticular @entity141 -ATPase inhibitor, @entity2426 (TG), on osteoclast apoptosis and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Both RAW264.7 cells and primary spleen cells were used to examine the effect of TG on @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. To determine the action of TG on signaling pathways, we used reporter gene assays for NF-kappaB and @entity9829 ( @entity9829 ) activity, Western blotting for phospho-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and fluorescent probes to measure changes in levels of intracellular @entity460 and reactive @entity26 species (ROS). To assess rates of apoptosis, we measured changes in annexin staining, @entity185 activity, and chromatin and F-actin microfilament structure. RESULTS: At concentrations that caused a rapid rise in intracellular @entity141 , TG increased @entity185 activity and promoted apoptosis in osteoclast-like cells (OLCs). Low concentrations of TG, which were insufficient to measurably alter intracellular @entity141 , unexpectedly suppressed @entity185 activity and enhanced @entity5271 -induced osteoclastogenesis. At these lower concentrations, TG potentiated ROS production and @entity5271 -induced NF-kappaB activity, but suppressed @entity5271 -induced @entity9829 activity and had little effect on ERK phosphorylation. CONCLUSION: Our novel findings of a biphasic effect of TG are incompletely explained by our current understanding of TG action, but raise the possibility that low intensity or local changes in subcellular @entity141 levels may regulate intracellular differentiation signaling. The extent of cross-talk between @entity141 and @entity5271 -mediated intracellular signaling pathways might be important in determining whether cells undergo apoptosis or differentiate into OLCs.

2095716

2095717

2095718

Management of XXXX : feasibility and safety of a virtual clinic model.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity66 are often identified as an incidental finding by community optometrists and referred for expert evaluation in hospital eye units or specialist ocular oncology centres. Optimal management strategy is undecided and most centres err on the side of caution. Our aim was to test a virtual model of service delivery relying on interpretation of imaging test results by non-medically trained graders. METHODS: @entity1 with @entity75 referred to Manchester Royal Eye Hospital and Moorfields Eye Hospital were retrospectively included in this study. All @entity1 underwent imaging tests including optical coherence tomography and ultrasound and management was subsequently decided clinically. Images were anonymised and transferred to the Moorfields Eye Hospital Reading Centre and were reviewed by a trained, masked grader who reached a management decision on the basis of a specific grading protocol. Agreement between decisions made on the basis of clinical examination and imaging ('gold standard') by an expert ophthalmologist in the clinic was compared with the decisions made by a masked ophthalmologist and a masked non-medical grader based on imaging tests alone. RESULTS: There were 102 consecutive @entity1 included in this study. Agreement between gold-standard clinical management and decisions made by masked, non-medical grader and masked ophthalmologist on the basis of imaging test results alone was 96.1% (k=0.97) and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, a streamlined, dedicated, virtual service for rapid assessment (within 2 weeks of referral) of @entity66 was shown to be feasible and safe. Such a model of service delivery may prove cost-efficient while optimising @entity1 experience. Further prospective studies are required for formal validation of the proposed service model.

2095719

2095720

2095721

Surgical treatment of the XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Complete restoration of extensor function. INDICATIONS: Closed, open, and remote injuries of the extensor mechanism at the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint with corresponding loss of function. CONTRAINDICATIONS: Contracture of the PIP. Loss of the articular surfaces. Unfavorable soft-tissue conditions including @entity32 . SURGICAL TECHNIQUE: Exposure of site of lesion over the PIP. Reconstruction of the central slip either with neighboring tendinous tissue or a tendon transplant, depending on the kind of injury. Temporary immobilization of the joint with a Kirschner wire or a wire suture according to Lengemann for temporary relief of the reconstructed tendon. POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT: Immobilization of the finger on an intrinsic-plus splint for approximately 2 weeks. Thereafter, only the PIP is immobilized on a PIP splint permitting movements of the neighboring joints for 2-3 weeks. RESULTS: The @entity85 was seen in 172 @entity1 of whom 124 were treated surgically. Follow-up of 114 @entity1 after an average of 40 months (6-126 months). Based on the score according to Geldmacher et al. an excellent result was seen in 24, a good in 54, a satisfactory in 22, and a poor result in 14 @entity1 .

2095722

2095723

2095724

The impact of high-salt exposure on cardiovascular development in the early XXXX embryo.

multiple_choice

In this study, we show that high-salt exposure dramatically increases @entity1573 mortality during embryo development. As embryonic mortality at early stages mainly results from defects in cardiovascular development, we focused on heart formation and angiogenesis. We found that high-salt exposure enhanced the risk of abnormal heart tube looping and blood congestion in the heart chamber. In the presence of high salt, both ventricular cell proliferation and apoptosis increased. The high osmolarity induced by high salt in the ventricular cardiomyocytes resulted in incomplete differentiation, which might be due to reduced expression of @entity44428 and @entity53440 . Blood vessel density and diameter were suppressed by exposure to high salt in both the yolk sac membrane (YSM) and chorioallantoic membrane models. In addition, high-salt-induced suppression of angiogenesis occurred even at the vasculogenesis stage, as blood island formation was also inhibited by high-salt exposure. At the same time, cell proliferation was repressed and cell apoptosis was enhanced by high-salt exposure in YSM tissue. Moreover, the reduction in expression of HIF2 and @entity9950 genes might cause high-salt-suppressed angiogenesis. Interestingly, we show that high-salt exposure causes excess generation of reactive @entity26 species (ROS) in the heart and YSM tissues, which could be partially rescued through the addition of antioxidants. In total, our study suggests that excess generation of ROS might play an important role in high-salt-induced defects in heart and angiogenesis.

2095725

2095726

2095727

Improved diagnosis of the etiology of XXXX with real-time polymerase chain reaction.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity497 ( @entity497 ) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been shown to be more sensitive than current standard microbiological methods and, therefore, may improve the accuracy of microbiological diagnosis for @entity1 with @entity497 . METHODS: Conventional detection techniques and multiplex real-time PCR for atypical bacteria and respiratory viruses were performed on samples collected from 105 adults enrolled in a prospective study. An infiltrate was visible on each @entity1 's chest radiograph, and a @entity55 severity index score was determined for each @entity1 . RESULTS: Microbiological diagnoses were determined for 52 (49.5%) of 105 @entity1 by conventional techniques and for 80 (76%) of 105 @entity1 by real-time PCR. The time to obtain the result of real-time PCR could be reduced to 6 h. PCR methodology was significantly more sensitive for the detection of atypical pathogens and viruses (P< or =.001). Respiratory @entity1800 and @entity325 were detected in 15 (14.2%) and 3 (2.8%) of 105 @entity1 , respectively, by conventional methods, but were detected in 59 (56.2%) and 28 (26.5%) of 105, respectively, by real-time PCR. Presence of a @entity325 was significantly associated with severe @entity55 (P=.002). @entity1 rhinoviruses and coronaviruses, OC43 and 229E, were frequently identified pathogens. CONCLUSIONS: The combined real-time PCR assay is more sensitive for diagnosis of the main viruses and atypical bacteria that cause @entity497 compared with conventional methods, and obtains results in a clinically relevant time period.

2095728

2095729

2095730

XXXX in @entity320 : a phase II trial of the @entity5 Consortium.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity13850 is an analog of the immunosuppressive agent, @entity3446 , that has demonstrated activity against @entity320 in preclinical models and shown clinical benefit in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity13850 is not immunosuppressive when administered on an intermittent schedule, and its @entity137 is modest, consisting of @entity390 , @entity294 , @entity2298 , @entity882 , @entity1395 , and follicular @entity1909 . METHODS: The current trial was designed to detect a median time to disease progression of >18 weeks in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with a 250-mg weekly dose of @entity13850 administered intravenously after @entity3933 premedication. @entity1 with measurable disease, no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease, and normal organ function were eligible, and @entity1 with central nervous system involvement, P450-inducing or P450-suppressing drugs, or @entity2298 were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (21 males) were treated, 21 of whom had been treated previously with chemotherapy and/or biologic agents for @entity5 . One @entity1 had a partial response lasting 2 months. The median time to disease progression and overall survival were 10 weeks and 5 months, respectively. @entity137 was mild and predominantly mucocutaneous ( @entity3136 , @entity294 , and @entity1910 ). @entity407 was cumulative and was managed with lipid-lowering agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13850 was not sufficiently active in @entity320 to warrant further testing as a single agent.

2095731

2095732

2095733

@entity13850 in XXXX : a phase II trial of the @entity5 Consortium.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity13850 is an analog of the immunosuppressive agent, @entity3446 , that has demonstrated activity against @entity320 in preclinical models and shown clinical benefit in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity13850 is not immunosuppressive when administered on an intermittent schedule, and its @entity137 is modest, consisting of @entity390 , @entity294 , @entity2298 , @entity882 , @entity1395 , and follicular @entity1909 . METHODS: The current trial was designed to detect a median time to disease progression of >18 weeks in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with a 250-mg weekly dose of @entity13850 administered intravenously after @entity3933 premedication. @entity1 with measurable disease, no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease, and normal organ function were eligible, and @entity1 with central nervous system involvement, P450-inducing or P450-suppressing drugs, or @entity2298 were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (21 males) were treated, 21 of whom had been treated previously with chemotherapy and/or biologic agents for @entity5 . One @entity1 had a partial response lasting 2 months. The median time to disease progression and overall survival were 10 weeks and 5 months, respectively. @entity137 was mild and predominantly mucocutaneous ( @entity3136 , @entity294 , and @entity1910 ). @entity407 was cumulative and was managed with lipid-lowering agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13850 was not sufficiently active in @entity320 to warrant further testing as a single agent.

2095734

2095735

2095736

@entity13850 in @entity320 : a phase II trial of the XXXX Consortium.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity13850 is an analog of the immunosuppressive agent, @entity3446 , that has demonstrated activity against @entity320 in preclinical models and shown clinical benefit in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity13850 is not immunosuppressive when administered on an intermittent schedule, and its @entity137 is modest, consisting of @entity390 , @entity294 , @entity2298 , @entity882 , @entity1395 , and follicular @entity1909 . METHODS: The current trial was designed to detect a median time to disease progression of >18 weeks in @entity1 with @entity320 treated with a 250-mg weekly dose of @entity13850 administered intravenously after @entity3933 premedication. @entity1 with measurable disease, no more than one previous chemotherapy regimen for metastatic disease, and normal organ function were eligible, and @entity1 with central nervous system involvement, P450-inducing or P450-suppressing drugs, or @entity2298 were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity1 (21 males) were treated, 21 of whom had been treated previously with chemotherapy and/or biologic agents for @entity5 . One @entity1 had a partial response lasting 2 months. The median time to disease progression and overall survival were 10 weeks and 5 months, respectively. @entity137 was mild and predominantly mucocutaneous ( @entity3136 , @entity294 , and @entity1910 ). @entity407 was cumulative and was managed with lipid-lowering agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity13850 was not sufficiently active in @entity320 to warrant further testing as a single agent.

2095737

2095738

2095739

Daylight photodynamic therapy with XXXX cream is effective and nearly painless in treating actinic keratoses: a randomised, investigator-blinded, controlled, phase III study throughout Europe.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Unmet needs exist in @entity2517 ( @entity2517 ) treatment. Daylight photodynamic therapy (DL-PDT) has shown good efficacy and safety results compared to conventional PDT (c-PDT) in a recent Phase III multi-centre randomised controlled trial in Australia among 100 subjects with AKs. OBJECTIVES: Demonstrate non-inferior efficacy and superior safety of DL-PDT compared to c-PDT in treating multiple mild and/or moderate @entity28583 . METHODS: Phase III, 12 week, multi-centre, randomised, investigator-blinded, controlled, intra-individual study conducted at different latitudes in Europe. AKs of adult subjects were treated once with @entity16326 ( @entity7671 ) DL-PDT on one side of the face and @entity7671 c-PDT contralaterally. Endpoints for DL-PDT concerned efficacy (non-inferiority regarding complete lesion response at week 12) and safety (superiority regarding subject's assessment of @entity158 after treatment, on an 11-point numeric rating scale). Safety evaluation also included incidence of adverse events. Subject satisfaction was described using a questionnaire at baseline and last visit. RESULTS: At week 12, the total lesion complete response rate with DL-PDT was similar (non-inferior) to c-PDT (70% vs. 74%, respectively; 95% CI [-9.5; 2.4] in PP analysis, confirmed in ITT analysis). In addition, efficacy of DL-PDT was demonstrated regardless of weather conditions (sunny or cloudy). DL-PDT was nearly painless compared to c-PDT (0.7 vs. 4.4, respectively; P < 0.001), better tolerated and resulted in higher subject satisfaction. CONCLUSION: DL-PDT in comparison with c-PDT was as effective, better tolerated and nearly painless with high @entity1 satisfaction, and may be considered a treatment of choice to meet needs of @entity1 with mild or moderate @entity28583 .

2095740

2095741

2095742

Phylogenetic diversity of XXXX pathogenic Fusarium and emergence of uncommon virulent species.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: Fusarium species cause a broad spectrum of @entity281 . However, little is known about the etiological agents to the species level. We identified Fusarium species isolated from clinical specimens including those of high risk @entity1 to better understand the species involved in the pathogenesis. METHODS: A set of 44 Fusarium isolates were identified by two-locus sequence typing using partial sequences of the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase ( @entity42254 ) and translation elongation factor 1 alpha (TEF-1a). RESULTS: The identified species belonged to four species complexes (SC); the most common SC was @entity10437 (FSSC) (75%), followed by @entity4278 (FOSC) (4.5%), Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC) (13.6%), and Fusarium dimerum (FDSC) (6.8%). Sites of @entity281 were nails (n = 19, 43.2%), skin (n = 7, 15.9%), @entity267 (n = 6, 13.6%), blood (n = 3, 9%), wound (n = 4, 6.8%), burn (n = 2, 4.5%), tissue (n = 2, 4.5%), and urine (n = 1, 2.27%). Fusarium acutatum was rare and seem restricted to the Middle East. Comorbidities associated with invasive @entity281 were @entity1583 and @entity792 . CONCLUSIONS: Members of the FSSC predominantly caused @entity267 , nail and bloodstream @entity281 . Less frequently encountered were the FOSC, FFSC and FDSC. More accurate molecular identification of Fusarium species is important to predict therapeutic outcome and the emergence of these species.

2095743

2095744

2095745

XXXX of the proximal phalanx of the foot: A rare case report.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity2828 localized to foot is extremely rare. Local control is mandatory because of the aggressive nature of the @entity5 . Therapeutic options for these @entity5 include neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. DESCRIPTION OF THE CASE: A 17-year-old female @entity1 presented with a 6-month history of progressive swelling and intermittent @entity158 of the left great toe. Plain radiography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an expansile mass that had originated from the proximal phalanx of the great toe and was destructing and surrounding the distal phalanx. Her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity880 dehydrogenase levels were slightly elevated. Distant @entity3 was not detected. The @entity1 underwent an open biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of @entity2828 . She was treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and disarticulation above the metatarsophalangeal joint. She received adjuvant chemotherapy following the operation. The @entity1 died 50 months after the operation as a result of disseminated disease. CONCLUSION: The distal phalanx of the foot is an extremely rare site for the development of @entity2828 . As local control is important to avoid dissemination of the disease, neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by amputation or disarticulation of the affected digit and subsequently adjuvant chemotherapy may be favorable modality for increasing the @entity1 's duration of survival. Hippokratia 2015, 19 (1): 82-84.

2095746

2095747

2095748

@entity384 with a shape-measuring balloon in idiopathic XXXX : a feasibility study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pneumatic dilation is a commonly used treatment in @entity1318 . Recent studies have shown that esophageal distensibility measurements can be used to assess the effect of dilation and possibly the risk of perforation. A new @entity227 of the shape of the balloon in vivo and measurement of distensibility during dilation. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon for the treatment of @entity1318 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1318 were dilated using a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon. @entity1 were contacted 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after dilation. Technical success, clinical success, and major complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all of the 10 @entity1 included. Median esophagogastric junction distensibility (mm(2)/mmHg) increased from 1.1 (IQR 0.6-1.3) before dilation therapy to 7.0 (IQR 5.5-17.8) afterwards (P=0.005). No major complications were seen. Three @entity1 (30%) reported recurrent @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: @entity384 with a shape-measuring balloon in @entity1318 @entity1 is feasible. In vivo esophageal distensibility measurements may allow for an individualized, @entity1 -specific dilation regimen.The Netherlands National Trial Register: NTR4371.

2095749

2095750

2095751

XXXX with a shape-measuring balloon in idiopathic @entity1318 : a feasibility study.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pneumatic dilation is a commonly used treatment in @entity1318 . Recent studies have shown that esophageal distensibility measurements can be used to assess the effect of dilation and possibly the risk of perforation. A new @entity227 of the shape of the balloon in vivo and measurement of distensibility during dilation. We aimed to evaluate the technical feasibility of a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon for the treatment of @entity1318 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity1318 were dilated using a 30-mm shape-measuring hydraulic dilation balloon. @entity1 were contacted 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after dilation. Technical success, clinical success, and major complications were evaluated. RESULTS: Technical success was achieved in all of the 10 @entity1 included. Median esophagogastric junction distensibility (mm(2)/mmHg) increased from 1.1 (IQR 0.6-1.3) before dilation therapy to 7.0 (IQR 5.5-17.8) afterwards (P=0.005). No major complications were seen. Three @entity1 (30%) reported recurrent @entity1282 . CONCLUSION: @entity384 with a shape-measuring balloon in @entity1318 @entity1 is feasible. In vivo esophageal distensibility measurements may allow for an individualized, @entity1 -specific dilation regimen.The Netherlands National Trial Register: NTR4371.

2095752

2095753

2095754

The Use of T1 Sagittal Angle in Predicting XXXX .

multiple_choice

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation. PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of T1 slope on degree of @entity528 in @entity1 with cervical @entity1797 . OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: The T1 slope is well known parameter that may be very useful in evaluating sagittal balance. There are no reports on the analysis of the relationship between T1 slope and cervical @entity1797 . We hypothesized that T1 slope has an effect on the degree of @entity528 . METHODS: Sixty @entity1 who had cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our orthopedic clinic were enrolled. @entity1 were divided into two groups according to T1 slope. Radiologic parameters obtained from radiography and cervical spine MRI were compared between low T1 slope group ( <=25) and high T1 slope group (>25). RESULTS: Among low T1 slope group, average @entity528 grade of each cervical segment was 2.65 in @entity4049 , 2.50 in C3-4, 2.62 in C4-5, 3.23 in @entity9509 , and 2.81 in C6-7. And that of high T1 group was 2.35 in @entity4049 , 2.32 in C3-4, 2.59 in C4-5, 2.79 in @entity9509 , and 2.32 in C6-7. Grade of @entity528 of low T1 group was significantly higher, as compared with high T1 group in @entity9509 (p=0.028) and C6-7 (p=0.009). Percentage of high grade @entity528 of more than grand III was 65.4% in low T1 group and 32.4% in high T1 group (p=0.018). Risk of high grade @entity528 of C6-7 was significantly higher in low T1 group (odds ratio, 5.63; 95% confidence interval, 1.665-19.057; p=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 with low T1 slope had higher grade of @entity528 regardless of age and gender. Low T1 slope is a potential risk factor of @entity4720 especially in the C6-7 cervical segment.

2095755

2095756

2095757

[A Case of Juvenile-Onset XXXX Requiring Emergency Airway Management].

multiple_choice

Juvenile-onset @entity16850 has a serious tendency for rapid growth and repeated recurrence. Thus, patience and prudence are required for the successful management of this pathology. We report herein on 2-year and 4-month-old @entity1 with juvenile-onset @entity16850 , which caused remarkable airway constriction that required urgent airway management. He was delivered vaginally by a mother with @entity6205 acuminatum. @entity7374 appeared at 1 year of age, and retractive breathing was observed at 1 year and 6 months of age. He finally presented with severe wheezing and was admitted to the emergency room of our hospital with a @entity5 strongly resembling a @entity1185 . Emergency endotracheal intubation was possible by means of a fine endotracheal tube with an internal diameter of 2.5 mm. His supraglottic space was filled with the @entity5 ; thus, making the visibility of the vocal folds difficult. The @entity5 was surgically removed using a microdebrider under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity1185 and HPV11 virus was detected. The rapidly growing @entity1185 showed a strong tendency for recurrence, and four additional surgical procedures had to be performed within 6 months after the first operation. This @entity1 will therefore require cautious medical care in the future.

2095758

2095759

2095760

[Moderate XXXX and aorto-coronary bypass].

multiple_choice

The presence of @entity472 in a @entity1 facing surgical coronary revascularisation is a common situation. A tight @entity472 justifies combining aortic valvular replacement with the anticipated bypass. The discovery of a "moderate" @entity472 before coronary surgery poses a much more difficult problem. Moderate @entity850 equates to aortic area values >0.6 cm2/m2 body area and <1.2 cm2/m2. An estimation of the progression of the @entity850 following coronary surgery is fundamental to making the best possible decision but remains very difficult for a given individual. The factors to be taken into account are the aetiology of the @entity850 , its severity, the valvular anatomy ( @entity730 ), associated @entity453 , the age of the @entity1 and the progression of @entity850 from one echography to the next. For each @entity1 the risk/benefit ratio of the strategy must therefore be evaluated as much as possible (double procedure at once, or bypass followed by surveillance of the @entity472 ). In order to do this it is necessary to consider, apart from the @entity850 progression factors, the @entity1 's life expectancy and point of view, as well as of course the operative risk (LV function, comorbidity...). Day to day experience shows that the degree of the @entity850 is often under-estimated in @entity1 facing coronary surgery, owing to a simple measurement of the gradient. Complete and accurate investigation of the @entity472 with Doppler often allows a definitive decision on the most suitable therapeutic approach.

2095761

2095762

2095763

Determination of XXXX aglycones in @entity4044 dietary supplement crude materials and finished products by high-performance liquid chromatography: single laboratory validation.

multiple_choice

A single laboratory validation (SLV) was completed for a method to determine the @entity3095 aglycones @entity3092 , @entity15605 , and @entity58010 in @entity4044 products. The method calculates total glycosides based on these aglycones formed following acid hydrolysis. Nine matrixes were chosen for the study, including crude leaf material, standardized dry powder extract, single and multiple entity finished products, and @entity1068 and @entity653 tinctures. For the 9 matrixes evaluated as part of this SLV, the method appeared to be selective and specific, with no observed interferences. The simplified 60 min oven heating hydrolysis procedure was effective for each of the matrixes studied, with no apparent or consistent differences between 60, 75, and 90 min at 90 degrees C. A Youden ruggedness trial testing 7 factors with the potential to affect quantitative results showed that 2 factors (volume hydrolyzed and test sample extraction/hydrolysis weight) were the most important parameters for control during sample preparation. The method performed well in terms of precision, with 4 matrixes tested in triplicate over a 3-day period showing an overall repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD) of 2.3%. Analysis of variance testing at alpha = 0.05 showed no significant differences among the within- or between-group sources of variation, although comparisons of within-day (Sw), between-day (Sb), and total (St) precision showed that a majority of the standard deviation came from within-day determinations for all matrixes. Accuracy testing at 2 levels (approximately 30 and 90% of the determined concentrations in standardized dry powder extract) from 2 complex negative control matrixes showed an overall 96% recovery and RSD of 1.0% for the high spike, and 94% recovery and RSD of 2.5% for the low spike. HorRat scores were within the limits for performance acceptability, ranging from 0.4 to 1.3. Based on the performance results presented herein, it is recommended that this method progress to the collaborative laboratory trial.

2095764

2095765

2095766

Determination of @entity3095 aglycones in XXXX dietary supplement crude materials and finished products by high-performance liquid chromatography: single laboratory validation.

multiple_choice

A single laboratory validation (SLV) was completed for a method to determine the @entity3095 aglycones @entity3092 , @entity15605 , and @entity58010 in @entity4044 products. The method calculates total glycosides based on these aglycones formed following acid hydrolysis. Nine matrixes were chosen for the study, including crude leaf material, standardized dry powder extract, single and multiple entity finished products, and @entity1068 and @entity653 tinctures. For the 9 matrixes evaluated as part of this SLV, the method appeared to be selective and specific, with no observed interferences. The simplified 60 min oven heating hydrolysis procedure was effective for each of the matrixes studied, with no apparent or consistent differences between 60, 75, and 90 min at 90 degrees C. A Youden ruggedness trial testing 7 factors with the potential to affect quantitative results showed that 2 factors (volume hydrolyzed and test sample extraction/hydrolysis weight) were the most important parameters for control during sample preparation. The method performed well in terms of precision, with 4 matrixes tested in triplicate over a 3-day period showing an overall repeatability (relative standard deviation, RSD) of 2.3%. Analysis of variance testing at alpha = 0.05 showed no significant differences among the within- or between-group sources of variation, although comparisons of within-day (Sw), between-day (Sb), and total (St) precision showed that a majority of the standard deviation came from within-day determinations for all matrixes. Accuracy testing at 2 levels (approximately 30 and 90% of the determined concentrations in standardized dry powder extract) from 2 complex negative control matrixes showed an overall 96% recovery and RSD of 1.0% for the high spike, and 94% recovery and RSD of 2.5% for the low spike. HorRat scores were within the limits for performance acceptability, ranging from 0.4 to 1.3. Based on the performance results presented herein, it is recommended that this method progress to the collaborative laboratory trial.

2095767

2095768

2095769

The use of ultrasound imaging of the abdominal drawing-in maneuver in subjects with XXXX .

multiple_choice

STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial among @entity1 with @entity1643 ( @entity1643 ). OBJECTIVES: (1) Determine the reliability of real-time ultrasound imaging for assessing activation of the lateral abdominal muscles; (2) characterize the extent to which the abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) results in preferential activation of the transverse abdominis (TrA); and (3) determine if ultrasound biofeedback improves short-term performance of the ADIM in @entity1 with @entity1643 . BACKGROUND: Ultrasound imaging is reportedly useful for measuring and training @entity1 to preferentially activate the TrA muscle. However, research to support these claims is limited. METHODS AND MEASURES: Thirty @entity1 with @entity1643 referred for lumbar stabilization training were randomized to receive either traditional training (n = 15) or traditional training with biofeedback (n = 15). Ultrasound imaging was used to measure changes in thickness of the lateral abdominal muscles. Differences in preferential changes in muscle thickness of the TrA between groups and across time were assessed using analysis of variance. RESULTS: Intrarater reliability measuring lateral abdominal muscle thickness exceeded 0.93. On average, @entity1 in both groups demonstrated a 2-fold increase in the thickness of the TrA during the ADIM. Performance of the ADIM did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSION: These data provide construct validity for the notion that the ADIM results in preferential activation of the TrA in @entity1 with @entity1643 . Although, the addition of biofeedback did not enhance the ability to perform the ADIM at a short-term follow-up, our data suggest a possible ceiling effect or an insufficient training stimulus. Further research is necessary to determine if there is a subgroup of @entity1 with @entity1643 who may benefit from biofeedback.

2095770

2095771

2095772

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy in the treatment of XXXX tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Low-energy extracorporeal shock wave therapy is an alternative treatment, with limited evidence for effectiveness, for @entity730 tendinitis of the rotator cuff. HYPOTHESIS: Objective localization of the @entity460 deposit by 3-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals superior clinical and radiographic outcomes compared to localization through @entity1 -to-therapist feedback. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was carried out on 50 @entity1 . The population was divided into 2 groups of equal numbers (navigation group and feedback group). In all @entity1 , treatment-resistant @entity158 was evident for longer than 6 months. A total of 3 therapy sessions of constant low-energy focused shock wave therapy was administered in weekly intervals in both groups. Local anesthesia was not applied. Radiographs and clinical assessment, including the Constant and Murley shoulder scoring system and the visual analog scale for @entity158 , were performed both before therapy and after 12 weeks. In the navigation group, the @entity460 deposit was localized using a radiographically guided, 3-dimensional, computer-assisted device. The feedback group was treated after locating the point of maximum tenderness through palpation by the therapist with feedback from the @entity1 . RESULTS: Both groups had significant improvements in the Constant and Murley score and the visual analog scale after 12 weeks. The results from the navigation group were statistically significantly superior to those of the feedback group. In the navigation group, 6 @entity460 deposits disappeared and 9 altered, compared to 1 disappearance and 12 alterations in the feedback group. No severe @entity532 occurred. CONCLUSION: Three-dimensional, computer-assisted navigation reveals significantly better results and is therefore recommended when extracorporeal shock wave therapy is used in the treatment of @entity730 tendinitis of the rotator cuff.

2095773

2095774

2095775

Coronary angiography with flat panel digital detectors significantly increases the sensitivity for XXXX detection in relation to conventional fluoroscopy: comparison of both systems with intravascular ultrasound.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity and specificity for coronary @entity460 detection of two fluoroscopic systems: 1) conventional system based on image intensifier chains (CONV); and 2) @entity12318 ( @entity12318 ) system, using intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) as the gold standard. BACKGROUND: Coronary calcification represents advanced @entity731 and has implications during coronary interventions. Angiography has been reported to have low sensitivity for @entity460 detection compared with IVUS. METHODS: Lesion calcification was assessed by two different fluoroscopic systems ( @entity12318 and CONV), and by IVUS. RESULTS: In two consecutive periods, a total of 200 consecutive @entity1 were included, 100 in each group. Clinical characteristics were similar, without significant differences between groups. In the CONV group, IVUS detected @entity460 in 77% of cases, and angiography in 32%. Sensitivity was 41.6% and specificity 91.3%. In the @entity12318 group, IVUS reported calcification in 79% of @entity1 , and angiography in 57%. Sensitivity was 72% (p < 0.0001 for comparison with CONV) and specificity was 90.4%. CONCLUSION: The new fluoroscopic systems, based on @entity12318 , considerably increase the sensitivity for @entity460 detection without detrimental effect on specificity.

2095776

2095777

2095778

No effect of eccentric training on XXXX in volleyball players during the competitive season: a randomized clinical trial.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The effect of surgery on @entity924 ( @entity3331 ) is questionable, and conservative treatment protocols have not been properly documented. PURPOSE: : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a newly developed eccentric training program for @entity924 in volleyball players during the competitive season. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. METHODS: @entity1 were recruited from male and female elite volleyball teams in Norway, and the diagnosis was based on clinical examination alone. Of 51 players diagnosed with @entity924 , 29 could be included in the study. The training group (n = 13) performed squats on a 25 degrees decline board as a home exercise program (3 x 15 repetitions twice daily) for a 12-week intervention period during the final half of the competitive season. The eccentric (downward) component was done on the affected leg. The control group (n = 16) trained as usual. The primary outcome was a symptom-based questionnaire developed specifically for @entity924 (Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score), and @entity1 were followed up before and after the intervention period, as well as after 6 and 30 weeks. All subjects self-recorded training to document their activity level (eccentric training, volleyball training, matches, other training). RESULTS: There was no change in Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment score during the intervention period in the training (pre, 71.1 +/- 11.3; post, 70.2 +/- 15.4) or control group (pre, 76.4 +/- 12.1; post, 75.4 +/- 16.7), nor was there any change during the follow-up period at 6 weeks or 6 months. The training group completed 8.2 +/- 4.6 weekly sessions of eccentric training during the intervention period (59% of the recommended volume), and there was no difference between groups in training or competition load. CONCLUSION: There was no effect on knee function from a 12-week program with eccentric training among a group of volleyball players with @entity924 who continued to train and compete during the treatment period. Whether the training would be effective if the @entity1 did not participate in sports activity is not known.

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2095780

2095781

Mathematical program for outcome prediction and therapeutic support for XXXX beginning within 1 hr of admission: a preliminary report.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The aims were a) to noninvasively monitor acute emergency @entity130 @entity1 beginning within 1 hr after admission to the emergency department; b) to prospectively predict outcome; and c) to evaluate the relative effectiveness of various modes of therapy. DESIGN: Prospective outcome prediction study using a mathematical search and display model based on noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring. SETTING: A level I @entity130 service in a large university-run inner-city public hospital. @entity1 : We studied 185 consecutively noninvasively monitored emergency @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: We noninvasively monitored cardiac index, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulse oximetry, and transcutaneous @entity26 and @entity544 tensions beginning within 1-hr after emergency admission. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The cardiac index, pulse oximetry, transcutaneous @entity26 tension, transcutaneous @entity544 tension, and mean arterial blood pressure were higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors in the initial resuscitation period and at the hemodynamic nadir. Heart rate and transcutaneous @entity544 tension were higher in the nonsurvivors. The calculated survival probability in the first hour observation period of survivors averaged 85 +/- 14% vs. 69 +/- 16% for nonsurvivors (p = .0001). Misclassifications of the series as a whole were 11.3%; after excluding @entity1620 from severe @entity542 , there were 6.4% misclassifications. A decision support system evaluated the effects of various therapies based on responses of @entity1 with similar clinical-hemodynamic states. CONCLUSION: Noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring and an information system provided a feasible approach to predict outcome early and to evaluate prospectively the efficacy of various therapies.

2095782

2095783

2095784

Relationship between XXXX and symptomatic @entity2553 after @entity510 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blood @entity413 levels (mg/dL) and occurrence of symptomatic @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) and clinical outcomes after @entity510 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 352 @entity1 with @entity510 admitted within 48 hrs of ictus between January 1995 and June 2002. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 admitted after @entity510 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Variables included age; Hunt-Hess classification score; Fisher group; insulin use; infectious disease status; history of @entity6 ; and blood @entity413 values. Poor clinical outcome was defined by a modified Rankin score > or =3, and @entity4854 was defined by a blood @entity413 level >140 mg/dL. Mean daily blood @entity413 values were assessed from admission to development of @entity2553 or day 14. Mean admission blood @entity413 value, mean inpatient blood @entity413 value, insulin use, infectious disease status, Hunt-Hess classification score, Fisher group, and history of @entity6 were entered in a Cox proportional hazards model. @entity2553 occurred in 103 (29.2%) of 352 @entity1 . Mean admission blood @entity413 values (176.6 +/- 40.3 mg/dL vs. 162.3 +/- 47.8 mg/dL; p = .01) and mean inpatient blood @entity413 values (166.2 +/- 24.7 mg/dL vs. 155.8 +/- 29.7 mg/dL; p = .001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2553 . Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.03; p = .04), Hunt-Hess classification score > or =3 (relative risk, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.99; p = .02), and Fisher group score of 3 (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.1; p = .05) increased the risk for @entity2553 . @entity4854 was associated with longer length of stay in the neurointensive care unit (14.5 +/- 7.1 days vs. 11.6 +/- 5.4 days; p < .001) and poor outcome at discharge (modified Rankin score > or =3: 58.9% vs. 18.8%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value is associated with the development of @entity2553 and may represent a target for therapy to prevent @entity2553 and improve clinical outcomes.

2095785

2095786

2095787

Relationship between @entity4854 and symptomatic @entity2553 after XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blood @entity413 levels (mg/dL) and occurrence of symptomatic @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) and clinical outcomes after @entity510 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 352 @entity1 with @entity510 admitted within 48 hrs of ictus between January 1995 and June 2002. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 admitted after @entity510 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Variables included age; Hunt-Hess classification score; Fisher group; insulin use; infectious disease status; history of @entity6 ; and blood @entity413 values. Poor clinical outcome was defined by a modified Rankin score > or =3, and @entity4854 was defined by a blood @entity413 level >140 mg/dL. Mean daily blood @entity413 values were assessed from admission to development of @entity2553 or day 14. Mean admission blood @entity413 value, mean inpatient blood @entity413 value, insulin use, infectious disease status, Hunt-Hess classification score, Fisher group, and history of @entity6 were entered in a Cox proportional hazards model. @entity2553 occurred in 103 (29.2%) of 352 @entity1 . Mean admission blood @entity413 values (176.6 +/- 40.3 mg/dL vs. 162.3 +/- 47.8 mg/dL; p = .01) and mean inpatient blood @entity413 values (166.2 +/- 24.7 mg/dL vs. 155.8 +/- 29.7 mg/dL; p = .001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2553 . Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.03; p = .04), Hunt-Hess classification score > or =3 (relative risk, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.99; p = .02), and Fisher group score of 3 (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.1; p = .05) increased the risk for @entity2553 . @entity4854 was associated with longer length of stay in the neurointensive care unit (14.5 +/- 7.1 days vs. 11.6 +/- 5.4 days; p < .001) and poor outcome at discharge (modified Rankin score > or =3: 58.9% vs. 18.8%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value is associated with the development of @entity2553 and may represent a target for therapy to prevent @entity2553 and improve clinical outcomes.

2095788

2095789

2095790

Relationship between @entity4854 and symptomatic XXXX after @entity510 .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between blood @entity413 levels (mg/dL) and occurrence of symptomatic @entity2553 ( @entity2553 ) and clinical outcomes after @entity510 . DESIGN: Retrospective observational study of 352 @entity1 with @entity510 admitted within 48 hrs of ictus between January 1995 and June 2002. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. @entity1 : Adult @entity1 admitted after @entity510 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Variables included age; Hunt-Hess classification score; Fisher group; insulin use; infectious disease status; history of @entity6 ; and blood @entity413 values. Poor clinical outcome was defined by a modified Rankin score > or =3, and @entity4854 was defined by a blood @entity413 level >140 mg/dL. Mean daily blood @entity413 values were assessed from admission to development of @entity2553 or day 14. Mean admission blood @entity413 value, mean inpatient blood @entity413 value, insulin use, infectious disease status, Hunt-Hess classification score, Fisher group, and history of @entity6 were entered in a Cox proportional hazards model. @entity2553 occurred in 103 (29.2%) of 352 @entity1 . Mean admission blood @entity413 values (176.6 +/- 40.3 mg/dL vs. 162.3 +/- 47.8 mg/dL; p = .01) and mean inpatient blood @entity413 values (166.2 +/- 24.7 mg/dL vs. 155.8 +/- 29.7 mg/dL; p = .001) were significantly higher in @entity1 with @entity2553 . Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value (relative risk, 1.01; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-1.03; p = .04), Hunt-Hess classification score > or =3 (relative risk, 2.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.99; p = .02), and Fisher group score of 3 (relative risk, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-3.1; p = .05) increased the risk for @entity2553 . @entity4854 was associated with longer length of stay in the neurointensive care unit (14.5 +/- 7.1 days vs. 11.6 +/- 5.4 days; p < .001) and poor outcome at discharge (modified Rankin score > or =3: 58.9% vs. 18.8%; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Mean inpatient blood @entity413 value is associated with the development of @entity2553 and may represent a target for therapy to prevent @entity2553 and improve clinical outcomes.

2095791

2095792

2095793

@entity303 wander garden aids post XXXX restorative therapy: a case study.

multiple_choice

An increasing amount of literature suggests the positive effects of nature in healthcare. The extended life expectancy in the US and the consequent need for long-term care indicates a future need for restorative therapy innovations to reduce the expense associated with long-term care. Moving carefully selected @entity64 @entity1 ' sessions to the peaceful setting of a @entity303 wander garden, with its designed paths and natural stimuli, may be beneficial. Natural settings have been shown to improve attention and reduce stress--both important therapy objectives in many post- @entity64 rehabilitation programs. In this case study, using the @entity303 wander garden for restorative therapy of a non- @entity303 @entity1 was a novel idea for the restorative therapy group, which does not have a horticultural therapy program. The @entity303 wander garden stage of the post- @entity64 rehabilitation helped the @entity1 through a period of treatment resistance. The garden provided both an introduction to the @entity1 's goal of outdoor rehabilitation and a less threatening environment than the long-term care facility hallways. In part because the @entity1 was less self-conscious about manifesting his post- @entity64 @entity51 , falling, and being viewed as handicapped when in the @entity303 wander garden setting, he was able to resume his treatment plan and finish his restorative therapy. In many physical and mental rehabilitation plans, finding a treatment modality that will motivate an individual to participate is a principal goal. Use of a @entity303 wander garden may help some @entity1 achieve this goal in post- @entity64 restorative therapy.

2095794

2095795

2095796

XXXX wander garden aids post @entity64 restorative therapy: a case study.

multiple_choice

An increasing amount of literature suggests the positive effects of nature in healthcare. The extended life expectancy in the US and the consequent need for long-term care indicates a future need for restorative therapy innovations to reduce the expense associated with long-term care. Moving carefully selected @entity64 @entity1 ' sessions to the peaceful setting of a @entity303 wander garden, with its designed paths and natural stimuli, may be beneficial. Natural settings have been shown to improve attention and reduce stress--both important therapy objectives in many post- @entity64 rehabilitation programs. In this case study, using the @entity303 wander garden for restorative therapy of a non- @entity303 @entity1 was a novel idea for the restorative therapy group, which does not have a horticultural therapy program. The @entity303 wander garden stage of the post- @entity64 rehabilitation helped the @entity1 through a period of treatment resistance. The garden provided both an introduction to the @entity1 's goal of outdoor rehabilitation and a less threatening environment than the long-term care facility hallways. In part because the @entity1 was less self-conscious about manifesting his post- @entity64 @entity51 , falling, and being viewed as handicapped when in the @entity303 wander garden setting, he was able to resume his treatment plan and finish his restorative therapy. In many physical and mental rehabilitation plans, finding a treatment modality that will motivate an individual to participate is a principal goal. Use of a @entity303 wander garden may help some @entity1 achieve this goal in post- @entity64 restorative therapy.

2095797

2095798

2095799

[Clinical evaluation of @entity65591 in two doses in @entity1 with stable XXXX ].

multiple_choice

@entity65591 ( @entity10219 ) has raised a great deal of interest in recent years, because it is probably the only organic "tolerance-sparing" @entity1507 . However, some clinicians doubt whether this drug is really effective in reducing @entity951 and @entity63 . The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) of @entity10219 in two doses: 50 mg ( @entity10219 -50) and 100 mg ( @entity10219 -100), after single ingestion. Twenty-five male @entity1 (pts) with stable @entity951 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind and placebo (P) controlled study. Ten of them received @entity10219 -50 or P and fifteen of them @entity10219 -100 or P. Antianginal efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve taken from serial exercise stress tests on the treadmill performed before single oral ingestion, then after 2h and 6h. Simple hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated at rest and during exercise. In comparison to P, @entity10219 -50 did not change any parameter of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve, nor any simple hemodynamic parameter (all values statistically not significant - n.s.). However, in comparison to P, @entity10219 -100 significantly improved the mean total walking time after 2h by 20.8% (p < 0.01) and also after 6h by 11.3% (p < 0.05). Similarly, @entity10219 -100 improved walking time to @entity951 after 2h by 18.8% (p < 0.05) and after 6h by 10.5% (p < 0.05). The drug also improved walking time to @entity63 after 2h by 32.5% (p < 0.01) and after 6h by 13.8% (p < 0.05). @entity10219 -100 did not significantly change the resting heart rate, but it decreased resting systolic blood pressure in both positions 6h after ingestion: in supine by 6.1% (p < 0.05) and in standing by 5.9% (p < 0.05). No postural @entity551 in any pt occurred. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased only in standing position by 6.8% (p < 0.05) after 6h. During maximal exercise no significant @entity551 occurred, but there was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure 6h after ingestion only. This study shows the good clinical tolerance and safety of @entity10219 in both doses. There were no AEs after single ingestion of @entity10219 -50 and AEs after ingestion of @entity10219 -100 included headaches in 3 pts only (in 1 pt after P) in the group of 15 pts. Thus no clinical activity of @entity10219 -50 was shown. However, our investigations suggest that @entity10219 -100 is an active coronary drug, effective not less than 6 h after ingestion, and well tolerated by pts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity10219 in long-term therapy.