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2095800

2095801

2095802

[Clinical evaluation of XXXX in two doses in @entity1 with stable @entity951 ].

multiple_choice

@entity65591 ( @entity10219 ) has raised a great deal of interest in recent years, because it is probably the only organic "tolerance-sparing" @entity1507 . However, some clinicians doubt whether this drug is really effective in reducing @entity951 and @entity63 . The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) of @entity10219 in two doses: 50 mg ( @entity10219 -50) and 100 mg ( @entity10219 -100), after single ingestion. Twenty-five male @entity1 (pts) with stable @entity951 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind and placebo (P) controlled study. Ten of them received @entity10219 -50 or P and fifteen of them @entity10219 -100 or P. Antianginal efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve taken from serial exercise stress tests on the treadmill performed before single oral ingestion, then after 2h and 6h. Simple hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated at rest and during exercise. In comparison to P, @entity10219 -50 did not change any parameter of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve, nor any simple hemodynamic parameter (all values statistically not significant - n.s.). However, in comparison to P, @entity10219 -100 significantly improved the mean total walking time after 2h by 20.8% (p < 0.01) and also after 6h by 11.3% (p < 0.05). Similarly, @entity10219 -100 improved walking time to @entity951 after 2h by 18.8% (p < 0.05) and after 6h by 10.5% (p < 0.05). The drug also improved walking time to @entity63 after 2h by 32.5% (p < 0.01) and after 6h by 13.8% (p < 0.05). @entity10219 -100 did not significantly change the resting heart rate, but it decreased resting systolic blood pressure in both positions 6h after ingestion: in supine by 6.1% (p < 0.05) and in standing by 5.9% (p < 0.05). No postural @entity551 in any pt occurred. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased only in standing position by 6.8% (p < 0.05) after 6h. During maximal exercise no significant @entity551 occurred, but there was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure 6h after ingestion only. This study shows the good clinical tolerance and safety of @entity10219 in both doses. There were no AEs after single ingestion of @entity10219 -50 and AEs after ingestion of @entity10219 -100 included headaches in 3 pts only (in 1 pt after P) in the group of 15 pts. Thus no clinical activity of @entity10219 -50 was shown. However, our investigations suggest that @entity10219 -100 is an active coronary drug, effective not less than 6 h after ingestion, and well tolerated by pts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity10219 in long-term therapy.

2095803

2095804

2095805

[Clinical evaluation of @entity65591 in two doses in XXXX with stable @entity951 ].

multiple_choice

@entity65591 ( @entity10219 ) has raised a great deal of interest in recent years, because it is probably the only organic "tolerance-sparing" @entity1507 . However, some clinicians doubt whether this drug is really effective in reducing @entity951 and @entity63 . The aim of this study, therefore, was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse effects (AEs) of @entity10219 in two doses: 50 mg ( @entity10219 -50) and 100 mg ( @entity10219 -100), after single ingestion. Twenty-five male @entity1 (pts) with stable @entity951 were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind and placebo (P) controlled study. Ten of them received @entity10219 -50 or P and fifteen of them @entity10219 -100 or P. Antianginal efficacy of the drugs was evaluated by analyzing the parameters of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve taken from serial exercise stress tests on the treadmill performed before single oral ingestion, then after 2h and 6h. Simple hemodynamic parameters were also evaluated at rest and during exercise. In comparison to P, @entity10219 -50 did not change any parameter of tolerance of effort and coronary reserve, nor any simple hemodynamic parameter (all values statistically not significant - n.s.). However, in comparison to P, @entity10219 -100 significantly improved the mean total walking time after 2h by 20.8% (p < 0.01) and also after 6h by 11.3% (p < 0.05). Similarly, @entity10219 -100 improved walking time to @entity951 after 2h by 18.8% (p < 0.05) and after 6h by 10.5% (p < 0.05). The drug also improved walking time to @entity63 after 2h by 32.5% (p < 0.01) and after 6h by 13.8% (p < 0.05). @entity10219 -100 did not significantly change the resting heart rate, but it decreased resting systolic blood pressure in both positions 6h after ingestion: in supine by 6.1% (p < 0.05) and in standing by 5.9% (p < 0.05). No postural @entity551 in any pt occurred. Diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased only in standing position by 6.8% (p < 0.05) after 6h. During maximal exercise no significant @entity551 occurred, but there was a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure 6h after ingestion only. This study shows the good clinical tolerance and safety of @entity10219 in both doses. There were no AEs after single ingestion of @entity10219 -50 and AEs after ingestion of @entity10219 -100 included headaches in 3 pts only (in 1 pt after P) in the group of 15 pts. Thus no clinical activity of @entity10219 -50 was shown. However, our investigations suggest that @entity10219 -100 is an active coronary drug, effective not less than 6 h after ingestion, and well tolerated by pts. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of @entity10219 in long-term therapy.

2095806

2095807

2095808

Assessing the effects of diurnal variation on the composition of XXXX parotid saliva: quantitative analysis of native peptides using iTRAQ reagents.

multiple_choice

Changes in salivary composition correlate with disease susceptibility, disease state, or both. However, use of saliva for diagnostic purposes is complicated by the gland-specific effects of circadian rhythm or diurnal variation. We recently characterized a suite of peptides in the < or =10-kDa fraction of @entity1 parotid saliva that included many novel species. In this study, we used novel iTRAQ labeling chemistry to investigate possible diurnal effects on peptide generation. We collected samples produced by gustatory stimulation as the ductal secretions at four time points under conditions that minimized proteolysis, pooled them according to collection time, and isolated the LMW fractions. Samples collected at each collection time were derivatized with a different isobaric iTRAQ reagent. The labeled samples were combined, separated by reversed-phase HPLC, co-spotted with matrix on MALDI targets, and analyzed by MALDI @entity215 / @entity215 mass spectrometry. With this approach, we achieved relative quantification of the parotid peptides at four time points. In several cases, abundance during the day changed dramatically. iTRAQ tagging improved the efficiency of MS/ @entity15 , which in turn allowed the identification of several novel peptides. Our results demonstrated both the utility of this method and the importance of diurnal effects on the composition of the @entity1 parotid saliva peptidome.

2095809

2095810

2095811

The catabolism of plasma glycoproteins in normal and injured XXXX .

multiple_choice

The catabolism of @entity3209 -labelled plasma glycoprotein in @entity35 was studied after injecting homologous plasma protein labelled in the @entity3954 and @entity3167 moieties. In normal animals the catabolism was approximately described by a four-compartment model. The fractional rate of catabolism of the plasma-protein @entity17596 was found to be 0.0305hr.(-1), corresponding to the degradation of 2.75mumoles/hr. The @entity3209 label was eliminated from the animals largely as @entity544 with a small proportion appearing in the urine. Freely circulating @entity12016 or glycopeptides did not appear in the plasma as a result of the catabolic processes, and there was no evidence that the protein-bound @entity1472 sugars were reutilized in biosynthetic processes. A study of the distribution of @entity3209 label in the carcasses of animals 24hr. after injection provided evidence that the gastrointestinal tract accounted for 25-38% of the total catabolic pool; the lungs, kidneys, spleen and liver also appeared to contribute to catabolism. Studies were conducted with @entity35 that had been treated with @entity18409 to induce an inflammatory reaction; the results could not be analysed kinetically, since the metabolism of plasma proteins in these animals did not appear to be in a steady state. The injected plasma protein disappeared from the intravascular pool more quickly than in normal animals, but there were no significant differences in the rates of excretion of the @entity3209 label.

2095812

2095813

2095814

Effect of XXXX stress on left ventricular filling in ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology and prognostic implications.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to study the effect of @entity452 on left ventricular (LV) filling in @entity296 ( @entity296 ) and to determine whether restrictive filling pattern (RFP) at peak stress has prognostic value. BACKGROUND: The prognostic value of RFP at peak stress in @entity296 is unknown. METHODS: A total of 69 @entity1 with @entity296 were studied by Doppler echocardiography at rest and stress; RFP was defined as transmitral E:A ratio > or =1.0, isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) <80 ms, and E-wave deceleration time (EDT) <120 ms. RESULTS: A total of 42 of 69 had RFP at rest, which reverted to non-RFP at stress in 24 (EA), but persisted in 18 (EE); 27 of 69 had non-RFP at rest @entity1642 ( @entity5066 ). In EA, IVRT and EDT lengthened (by 43 ms and 46 ms), and @entity997 ( @entity997 ) decreased (by 26 mm Hg, p < 0.01), suggesting a fall in left atrial (LA) pressure. The stress response in @entity5066 was similar to EA. In EE, IVRT and EDT shortened (by 21 ms) and @entity997 increased (by 13 mm Hg, p < 0.01), suggesting a rise in LA pressure. Peak aortic acceleration (LV inotropy) increased by 0.8 g in EA but only by 0.2 g in EE (difference p < 0.001). Median follow-up (interquartile range) was 34 (20 to 57) months. Three-year survival for EE, EA, and @entity5066 was 49%, 79%, and 89%, respectively (p < 0.001). Compared with @entity5066 , the hazard ratio for EE was 9.5 (p < 0.001) and for EA was 1.9 (p = 0.30). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity296 , persistence of restrictive filling during stress implies a striking rise in LA pressure, greatly attenuated LV inotropic response, and markedly reduced survival. Stress echocardiography uniquely identifies these high-risk @entity1 .

2095815

2095816

2095817

Clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological findings of an outbreak of XXXX hand-and-foot disease.

multiple_choice

In 2003, we identified an outbreak of clinically distinct lesions involving the hands and feet associated with a public wading pool in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. A total of 85 cases were identified. The management and follow-up of 41 @entity1 and 1 adult @entity1 is presented. @entity272 occurred within a median incubation period of 29 days and approximately 88 days for the adult @entity1 . Lesions resolved within a median of 58 days and approximately 150 days for the adult @entity1 . @entity1 were treated with @entity4581 , topical antibiotic dressings, and/or incision and drainage of pustules or followed without treatment. All resolved without complication. The pool was closed and cleaned. The @entity7665 hand-and-foot disease is characterized by the onset, mainly in @entity1 , of tender, erythematous papules, pustules, and abscesses with a self-limited course. This is the first documented @entity7665 outbreak associated with wading pool exposure.

2095818

2095819

2095820

Does radial artery harvesting for coronary revascularization cause XXXX in the forearm and hand?

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: Radial artery (RA) is now used widely as a conduit of choice in coronary artery bypass grafting. Although RA removal is considered safe in the presence of adequate collateral arterial supply, there is still a considerable suspicion on the functional status of the forearm and hand. However, a @entity51 may occur owing to either surgical @entity130 or @entity63 . This study was aimed to investigate the functional outcome of the donor forearm nerves of the @entity1 who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with RA conduits. METHODS: A consecutive series of 50 @entity1 who underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery with one or two RA grafts were investigated in the study. Motor and sensory functions of donor forearm nerves were measured by ENMG studies, pre- and postoperatively at the third week and sixth month of the operation. The conduction velocities, distal latencies and amplitudes of action potentials for motor and sensorial conductions of radial, ulnar and median nerves were measured in each ENMG examination. Neurologic status of the donor forearm and hand was assessed by the same neurologist who performed a detailed neurologic physical examination and ENMG studies. Results were statistically compared using one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS: The incidence of any neurologic symptoms was 32% in early postoperative period. All reported neurologic complaints were associated with sensory conduction deceleration in ENMG investigations of related nerves. In postoperative assessment, median nerve sensory-motor, and ulnar nerve motor conduction records were slightly lower than the preoperative values, but no statistical difference was observed. Pre- and postoperative radial nerve motor and sensory conduction records were statistically similar (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: We advocate that removal of RA does not lead to any major @entity16 in the presence of adequate collateral arterial blood supply. ENMG studies confirmed minimal conduction alterations with no statistical significance, even if neurologic symptoms were stated.

2095821

2095822

2095823

Host regulation and release of XXXX -specific proteins in the system Toxoneuron nigriceps-Heliothis virescens.

multiple_choice

The braconid wasp Toxoneuron nigriceps induced qualitative and quantitative changes in the protein composition of the moth Heliothis virescens host hemolymph. Total protein concentration was found to be higher in parasitized host 4 days after @entity4801 as compared to control hosts, mainly due to changes in a particular group of proteins. Host proteins with a molecular mass of 173 and 72 kDa were found in higher levels in the hemolymph of parasitized larvae as control hosts approached pupation, while an 80 kDa peptide was found in reduced concentration in the hemolymph of parasitized hosts. Levels of these three peptides were maintained throughout parasitoid development, while two of them (173 and 72 kDa) were cleared from the host hemolymph close to pupation. Besides the regulation of host proteins, three @entity4801 -specific proteins (PSPs) were released into the host hemolymph. Two of them ( @entity67966 -MW=116 kDa, pI=6.3; @entity9064 -MW=114 kDa, pI=6.2) first appeared in the hemolymph of parasitized hosts soon after pupation of control host and increased in concentration as the parasitoid developed. The third @entity67967 ( @entity67967 , pI=5.8) was produced towards the end of parasitoid larval development, close to parasitoid egression. Database searches based on the @entity535 composition and @entity1472 terminal sequence of @entity67966 and @entity9064 did not produce any significant matches, while PSP3 was identified as a putative chitinase. Incubation of host derived tissues, parasitoid larvae and teratocytes in 35S conditioned media suggested PSPs were a product of teratocytes. The role of the regulation of host proteins and release of PSPs by teratocytes for the successful development of T. nigriceps are discussed.

2095824

2095825

2095826

Is definitive abdominal evaluation required in blunt XXXX victims undergoing urgent extra-abdominal surgery?

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of routine abdominal computed tomographic (CT) scanning for abdominal evaluation of blunt @entity130 @entity1 before urgent extra-abdominal surgery. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we prospectively enrolled all blunt @entity130 @entity1 at least 8 years of age presenting to the emergency department of a Level 1 @entity130 center who were initially considered to require urgent extra-abdominal surgery within 24 hours of presentation. @entity1 were excluded if they had any of the following: 1) isolated extremity @entity130 , 2) signs or symptoms of @entity3511 (including systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg; abdominal, flank, or costal margin tenderness; @entity1661 or abrasion; pelvic @entity174 ; and gross @entity811 ), or 3) unreliable findings on abdominal examination (Glasgow @entity772 Scale score < 14, @entity912 , or @entity1032 ). Clinical data were documented on a data sheet before abdominal CT scanning. RESULTS: A total of 254 @entity1 , with a mean (+/-SD) age of 32.3 (+/-16.1) years, were enrolled. A total of 201 @entity1 ultimately underwent urgent extra-abdominal surgery for the following procedures: orthopedic, 182 (91%); facial, 17 (8%); laceration, 7 (3%); vascular, 6 (2%); neurosurgical, 3 (1%); urology, 2 (1%); and ophthalmology, 1 (0.4%). Three @entity1 (1.2%; 95% confidence interval = 0.2% to 3.4%) were found to have intra-abdominal injuries. Two @entity1 had @entity130 that required only observation. One @entity1 (0.4%; 95% confidence interval = 0% to 2.2%) underwent laparotomy. This @entity1 sustained @entity1230 in a motorcycle crash, including splenic, kidney, and @entity660 , and underwent a splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal CT scanning has a low yield in @entity130 @entity1 whose sole indication for diagnostic abdominal evaluation is the need for general anesthesia for urgent extra-abdominal surgery. A small percentage of these @entity1 , however, will have important intra-abdominal injuries such that further refinement of the recommendations for diagnostic study in this select population is needed.

2095827

2095828

2095829

Mortality and morbidity in primarily resected XXXX in Japan: Experience of the JPLT (Japanese Study Group for Pediatric @entity96 ) trials.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric @entity96 (JPLT) protocols (JPLT-1 and 2) for evaluating the cure rate of risk-stratified @entity4177 , primary resection was permitted in PRETEXT I and II cases, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: In approximately 500 enrolled cases, resection was performed as the initial treatment in 60 cases, including all 18 PRETEXT I, 30 PRETEXT II, and 12 @entity397 cases. The clinical features, surgical procedures, complications, and survival rates were compared in these three groups. RESULTS: All 18 PRETEXT I cases underwent complete resection by lobectomy or segmentectomy (n=14) or nonanatomical partial hepatectomy (NPH) (n=4). The 30 PRETEXT II cases underwent primary resection by right or left lobectomy (n=16), NPH (n=10), or other procedures (n=4). Of these 30 cases, operational @entity204 occurred in 1 newborn, and recurrence occurred in 7 cases (14.6%), including 6 NPH cases and 4 older cases (aged >3years). Of the 12 @entity397 cases, 7 (58.3%) showed recurrence. Event-free survival rates at 5years in the 3 groups were 88%, 70%, and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary resection for PRETEXT I or II HB cases should be performed by anatomical resection according to strict surgical guidelines. More intensified chemotherapy is required for primary resected cases whose @entity5 have @entity397 .

2095830

2095831

2095832

Mortality and morbidity in primarily resected @entity4177 in Japan: Experience of the JPLT (Japanese Study Group for Pediatric XXXX ) trials.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: In the Japanese Study Group for Pediatric @entity96 (JPLT) protocols (JPLT-1 and 2) for evaluating the cure rate of risk-stratified @entity4177 , primary resection was permitted in PRETEXT I and II cases, followed by postoperative chemotherapy. METHODS: In approximately 500 enrolled cases, resection was performed as the initial treatment in 60 cases, including all 18 PRETEXT I, 30 PRETEXT II, and 12 @entity397 cases. The clinical features, surgical procedures, complications, and survival rates were compared in these three groups. RESULTS: All 18 PRETEXT I cases underwent complete resection by lobectomy or segmentectomy (n=14) or nonanatomical partial hepatectomy (NPH) (n=4). The 30 PRETEXT II cases underwent primary resection by right or left lobectomy (n=16), NPH (n=10), or other procedures (n=4). Of these 30 cases, operational @entity204 occurred in 1 newborn, and recurrence occurred in 7 cases (14.6%), including 6 NPH cases and 4 older cases (aged >3years). Of the 12 @entity397 cases, 7 (58.3%) showed recurrence. Event-free survival rates at 5years in the 3 groups were 88%, 70%, and 32%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Primary resection for PRETEXT I or II HB cases should be performed by anatomical resection according to strict surgical guidelines. More intensified chemotherapy is required for primary resected cases whose @entity5 have @entity397 .

2095833

2095834

2095835

Characteristics and mechanisms of XXXX caused by mine blasts in shoals.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The characteristics of explosion in water are different from those in air and vary in different water depths. It is important to investigate the characteristics and mechanisms of @entity130 caused by mine blasts in shoals. METHODS: A total of ninety @entity95 were randomly divided into four groups put in different depths of water (land group, midpoint of the thigh in the shoal 1 group, the xiphoid process in the shoal 2 group, and control group). Electric detonators simulating mines were placed under the @entity95 ' right hindpaw. After detonation, the animals were subjected to morphological examination. RESULTS: The lower third of the @entity291 was almost completely destroyed by the mine blast on land, and only the @entity95 ' feet and ankles were destroyed in shoals. The skeleton, artery and sciatic nerve were injured more seriously in shoals than those on land. CONCLUSION: Mine blasts in shoals caused less disruption of the soft tissue than those on land. However, the skeleton was more seriously damaged in shoals since the pressure wave was transmitted with greater intensity and had a stronger shattering effect on the skeleton. Furthermore, the characteristics of @entity130 varied according to water depths.

2095836

2095837

2095838

Development of interim @entity1 -reported outcome measures for the assessment of XXXX disease activity in clinical trials.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) have an increasingly important role in the evaluation of new therapies for @entity29 . The US Food and Drug Administration has issued formal guidance to describe the role of PRO instruments in evaluation of claims for product labelling. However, no validated PRO exists for @entity31 . AIM: To investigate whether the PROs from the Mayo Clinic Score (MCS) for UC can be modified, to develop an interim PRO for use in clinical trials, alone or in combination with endoscopy. METHODS: Data from an induction trial of a @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) formulation were used to compare effect sizes between @entity2983 and placebo for PRO items (stool frequency and @entity548 ) alone and in combination with endoscopy. The operating properties of the PRO were validated using data from a phase 2 trial of MLN02, a humanised antibody to the a4b7 integrin in @entity1 with UC. RESULTS: A two-item PRO (PRO2) consisting of @entity548 = 0 and stool frequency <=1 or <=2, combined with an endoscopy subscore <=1 yielded statistically significant differences between active drug and placebo. This combination yielded the most similar effect sizes and placebo rates for remission, compared to the primary trials. Use of PRO items alone yielded high placebo remission rates in both data sets, although rates were lower when the items were combined and remission defined as PRO2 = 0. CONCLUSION: @entity1 -reported outcomes items derived from the Mayo Clinic Score combined with endoscopy as a co-primary endpoint may be an appropriate interim outcome measure for @entity31 trials.

2095839

2095840

2095841

Development of interim XXXX -reported outcome measures for the assessment of @entity31 disease activity in clinical trials.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity1 -reported outcomes (PROs) have an increasingly important role in the evaluation of new therapies for @entity29 . The US Food and Drug Administration has issued formal guidance to describe the role of PRO instruments in evaluation of claims for product labelling. However, no validated PRO exists for @entity31 . AIM: To investigate whether the PROs from the Mayo Clinic Score (MCS) for UC can be modified, to develop an interim PRO for use in clinical trials, alone or in combination with endoscopy. METHODS: Data from an induction trial of a @entity2983 ( @entity2983 ) formulation were used to compare effect sizes between @entity2983 and placebo for PRO items (stool frequency and @entity548 ) alone and in combination with endoscopy. The operating properties of the PRO were validated using data from a phase 2 trial of MLN02, a humanised antibody to the a4b7 integrin in @entity1 with UC. RESULTS: A two-item PRO (PRO2) consisting of @entity548 = 0 and stool frequency <=1 or <=2, combined with an endoscopy subscore <=1 yielded statistically significant differences between active drug and placebo. This combination yielded the most similar effect sizes and placebo rates for remission, compared to the primary trials. Use of PRO items alone yielded high placebo remission rates in both data sets, although rates were lower when the items were combined and remission defined as PRO2 = 0. CONCLUSION: @entity1 -reported outcomes items derived from the Mayo Clinic Score combined with endoscopy as a co-primary endpoint may be an appropriate interim outcome measure for @entity31 trials.

2095842

2095843

2095844

Prolonged hospital stay for extremely premature XXXX : risk factors, center differences, and the impact of mortality on selecting a best-performing center.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The first objective was to identify factors associated with prolonged hospital stay ( @entity23058 : hospitalized >42 weeks postmenstrual age) in extremely premature (EP: born less than or equal to 28 weeks gestation) @entity1 . The second objective was to identify a @entity23058 best-performing benchmark center. METHODS: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis of @entity1 born < or =28 weeks gestation and admitted to one of 12 tertiary centers between January 1998 and October 2001. Risk-adjusted odds of @entity23058 , defined as hospitalization beyond 42 weeks postmenstrual age, and the competing outcome, mortality, were assessed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Among 3892 EP survivors who had complete data for multivariable analysis, 685 (18%) had @entity23058 . Variables contributing to @entity23058 included @entity1030 ( @entity26 use at discharge home or 36 week postmenstrual age) (OR 6.75; 95% CI: 5.04 to 9.03), @entity3166 requiring surgery (OR 13.83; 95% CI: 8.05 to 23.76), and >two episodes of late-onset @entity295 (OR 2.39; 95% CI: 1.66 to 3.44). Centers' risk-adjusted @entity23058 odds differed from the reference center, which had the lowest incidence of @entity23058 and mortality (overall P-value <0.0001). Mortality contributed to @entity23058 , but in an opposite direction compared to other factors. Centers with lowest @entity23058 odds were among those with highest mortality. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity353 , surgical NEC, and late onset @entity295 could reduce @entity23058 in EP @entity1 . Risk adjusted odds of @entity23058 and mortality are both crucial for selecting a @entity23058 best-performing center.

2095845

2095846

2095847

Morbidity and mortality associated with internal jugular vein XXXX .

multiple_choice

The authors have noted a significant incidence of @entity1151 and mortality associated with @entity1150 ( @entity1150 ). Since there is an association between the site of lower extremity @entity11942 (LEDVT) and @entity1151 , they hypothesized that there might also be a correlation between the site of @entity1150 and the incidence of @entity1151 ( @entity1151 ) and associated mortality. To further elucidate this hypothesis, they analyzed the mortality rate and incidence of @entity1151 diagnosed with subclavian/axillary or @entity715 during a 5-year period at their institution. Two hundred and ten @entity1 were diagnosed with acute internal jugular and/or subclavian/axillary @entity11942 during a 5-year period by duplex scanning. The indications for the duplex examination were upper extremity swelling in 187 (89%) or as part of the work-up for @entity1151 in 23 (11%). There were 126 @entity1 (60%) and 84, @entity1 (40%). The mean age was 67 +/-18 years (range 1-101 years). The @entity1 were divided into 3 groups based on the location of the @entity715 : Group I- @entity1150 involving the subclavian and/or axillary veins (n = 128); Group II- @entity715 alone (n = 21); and Group III-concomitant subclavian/axillary and internal jugular vein @entity11942 (n = 61). Risk factors were presence of central venous catheter or pacemaker in 127 @entity1 (60%), @entity5 in 78 @entity1 (37%), concomitant lower extremity @entity1150 (LEDVT) in 40 @entity1 (19%), and history of LEDVT in 6 @entity1 (3%). Eighty (38%) @entity1 had more than 1 risk factor. The mean follow-up period was 13 +/-1 months (range 0-49 months). Mortality rates at 1, 3, and 12 months were 13%, 31%, and 40% for Group I; 14%, 33%, and 42% for Group II; and 23%, 44%, and 59% for Group III. The mortality rate in Group I was statistically significantly higher for @entity1 >/=75 years old, @entity1 not treated with anticoagulation, and @entity1 who underwent placement of a central venous line. The same risk factors did not achieve statistical significance in the 2 other groups. The number of @entity1 diagnosed with @entity1151 by ventilation/perfusion scans in Groups I, II, and III that could be attributed to the @entity1150 solely was 8 (4%), 1 (0.5%), and 3 (2.4%), respectively. Contrary to the initial hypothesis of a relationship between the site of @entity715 and the incidence of @entity1151 and mortality, these data showed no statistical differences in mortality rate or incidence of @entity1151 among the 3 groups studied. These data also suggest that @entity715 is a disease process associated with mortality and morbidity rates comparable to those of subclavian/axillary vein @entity715 .

2095848

2095849

2095850

@entity4096 due to great saphenous vein XXXX treated with radiofrequency ablation: an effective and safe procedure in the elderly.

multiple_choice

@entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) with the resultant clinical sequelae significantly reduces quality of life. Most elderly @entity1 with @entity4096 are treated nonoperatively owing to concerns of increased operative risk and therefore suffer more @entity1442 . Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure to treat @entity1 with superficial @entity4096 (SVI) due to great saphenous vein (GSV) @entity337 . The purpose of this study was to review our experience using RFA of the GSV to treat @entity4096 due to superficial disease in elderly @entity1 compared to younger @entity1 in terms of procedure-related morbidity and severity of disease at time of treatment. RFA treatment of the GSV was performed in 490 extremities of 421 @entity1 with SVI between March 2001 and December 2002. Indications, medical history, and outcome (operative complications and hospital stay) were compared between 2 groups: Group I:41 extremities of 35 @entity1 , 70 years if age or older (mean 75 +/-4); and Group II:449 limbs of 386 @entity1 younger than 70 years (mean 47 +/-11). The incidence of skin pigmentation and healed/nonhealed ulcers (CEAP 4-6) was significantly higher in the elderly than in the younger group (41% vs 16%, p <0.05). @entity101 , @entity6 , and previous @entity583 were 2.8, 5.4, and 6.7 times more prevalent in the elderly (p <0.05), respectively. There were no major @entity260 in either group; 97% of all @entity1 were discharged on the day of operation and there was no difference between the 2 groups in overnight hospital stay. There is a treatment bias against operative management in elderly @entity1 with SVI, as evidenced by their more @entity1442 at the time of definitive treatment than their younger cohort. However, operative morbidity is no different compared to the younger subset. RFA is a safe and effective procedure for older @entity1 ; therefore, the threshold for operative management of older @entity1 should be lowered.

2095851

2095852

2095853

XXXX due to great saphenous vein @entity337 treated with radiofrequency ablation: an effective and safe procedure in the elderly.

multiple_choice

@entity4096 ( @entity4096 ) with the resultant clinical sequelae significantly reduces quality of life. Most elderly @entity1 with @entity4096 are treated nonoperatively owing to concerns of increased operative risk and therefore suffer more @entity1442 . Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has emerged as a minimally invasive procedure to treat @entity1 with superficial @entity4096 (SVI) due to great saphenous vein (GSV) @entity337 . The purpose of this study was to review our experience using RFA of the GSV to treat @entity4096 due to superficial disease in elderly @entity1 compared to younger @entity1 in terms of procedure-related morbidity and severity of disease at time of treatment. RFA treatment of the GSV was performed in 490 extremities of 421 @entity1 with SVI between March 2001 and December 2002. Indications, medical history, and outcome (operative complications and hospital stay) were compared between 2 groups: Group I:41 extremities of 35 @entity1 , 70 years if age or older (mean 75 +/-4); and Group II:449 limbs of 386 @entity1 younger than 70 years (mean 47 +/-11). The incidence of skin pigmentation and healed/nonhealed ulcers (CEAP 4-6) was significantly higher in the elderly than in the younger group (41% vs 16%, p <0.05). @entity101 , @entity6 , and previous @entity583 were 2.8, 5.4, and 6.7 times more prevalent in the elderly (p <0.05), respectively. There were no major @entity260 in either group; 97% of all @entity1 were discharged on the day of operation and there was no difference between the 2 groups in overnight hospital stay. There is a treatment bias against operative management in elderly @entity1 with SVI, as evidenced by their more @entity1442 at the time of definitive treatment than their younger cohort. However, operative morbidity is no different compared to the younger subset. RFA is a safe and effective procedure for older @entity1 ; therefore, the threshold for operative management of older @entity1 should be lowered.

2095854

2095855

2095856

Duplication of the @entity8251 region is a frequent cause of severe XXXX and progressive neurological symptoms in males.

multiple_choice

Loss-of-function mutations of the @entity8251 gene at Xq28 are associated with @entity6694 in females and with syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) in males. By array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), we identified a small duplication at Xq28 in a large family with a severe form of @entity1032 associated with progressive @entity508 . Screening by real-time quantitation of 17 additional @entity1 with @entity1032 who have similar phenotypes revealed three more duplications. The duplications in the four @entity1 vary in size from 0.4 to 0.8 Mb and harbor several genes, which, for each duplication, include the @entity1032 -related @entity7373 and @entity8251 genes. The proximal breakpoints are located within a 250-kb region centromeric of @entity7373 , whereas the distal breakpoints are located in a 300-kb interval telomeric of @entity8251 . The precise size and location of each duplication is different in the four @entity1 . The duplications segregate with the disease in the families, and asymptomatic carrier females show complete skewing of X inactivation. Comparison of the clinical features in these @entity1 and in a previously reported @entity1 enables refinement of the genotype-phenotype correlation and strongly suggests that increased dosage of @entity8251 results in the @entity1032 phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that, in @entity1 , not only impaired or abolished gene function but also increased @entity8251 dosage causes a distinct phenotype. Moreover, duplication of the @entity8251 region occurs frequently in male @entity1 with a severe form of @entity1032 , which justifies quantitative screening of @entity8251 in this group of @entity1 .

2095857

2095858

2095859

Duplication of the XXXX region is a frequent cause of severe @entity1032 and progressive neurological symptoms in males.

multiple_choice

Loss-of-function mutations of the @entity8251 gene at Xq28 are associated with @entity6694 in females and with syndromic and nonsyndromic forms of @entity1032 ( @entity1032 ) in males. By array comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH), we identified a small duplication at Xq28 in a large family with a severe form of @entity1032 associated with progressive @entity508 . Screening by real-time quantitation of 17 additional @entity1 with @entity1032 who have similar phenotypes revealed three more duplications. The duplications in the four @entity1 vary in size from 0.4 to 0.8 Mb and harbor several genes, which, for each duplication, include the @entity1032 -related @entity7373 and @entity8251 genes. The proximal breakpoints are located within a 250-kb region centromeric of @entity7373 , whereas the distal breakpoints are located in a 300-kb interval telomeric of @entity8251 . The precise size and location of each duplication is different in the four @entity1 . The duplications segregate with the disease in the families, and asymptomatic carrier females show complete skewing of X inactivation. Comparison of the clinical features in these @entity1 and in a previously reported @entity1 enables refinement of the genotype-phenotype correlation and strongly suggests that increased dosage of @entity8251 results in the @entity1032 phenotype. Our findings demonstrate that, in @entity1 , not only impaired or abolished gene function but also increased @entity8251 dosage causes a distinct phenotype. Moreover, duplication of the @entity8251 region occurs frequently in male @entity1 with a severe form of @entity1032 , which justifies quantitative screening of @entity8251 in this group of @entity1 .

2095860

2095861

2095862

[Risk factors for XXXX in @entity28 and at normal weight].

multiple_choice

@entity28 is a known risk factor of @entity9975 . The potential causes of increased incidence of @entity9975 in @entity1 with @entity28 (overweight) and in those with normal body mass are considered. The study involved 100 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity9975 hospitalized in one of the randomly selected hospitals in Bialystok and its vicinity. The questionnaire technique was used to evaluate risk factors of @entity9975 . It was found that @entity1 , irrespective of body mass, were 2.7 times more often hospitalized due to this ailment than @entity1 . Of the @entity1 examined, 71% had overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 with normal body mass suffered from @entity9975 at the younger age than the obese or overweight ones. The comparison of risk factors of @entity28 (overweight) @entity1 and those with normal body mass revealed a significantly more frequent familial incidence of @entity2175 and @entity9975 . @entity1 with @entity9975 , irrespective of body mass, were characterized by low intake of dark bread and wholemeal products, raw fruit and vegetables, and pulses. Obese @entity1 with @entity9975 significantly more frequently consumed milk and yoghurt, meat and its products, lard, bacon and sweets than @entity1 with normal body mass. Obese @entity1 (with overweight) significantly more frequently consumed high-fat foods than the slim ones.

2095863

2095864

2095865

[Risk factors for @entity9975 in XXXX and at normal weight].

multiple_choice

@entity28 is a known risk factor of @entity9975 . The potential causes of increased incidence of @entity9975 in @entity1 with @entity28 (overweight) and in those with normal body mass are considered. The study involved 100 @entity1 with diagnosed @entity9975 hospitalized in one of the randomly selected hospitals in Bialystok and its vicinity. The questionnaire technique was used to evaluate risk factors of @entity9975 . It was found that @entity1 , irrespective of body mass, were 2.7 times more often hospitalized due to this ailment than @entity1 . Of the @entity1 examined, 71% had overweight or @entity28 . @entity1 with normal body mass suffered from @entity9975 at the younger age than the obese or overweight ones. The comparison of risk factors of @entity28 (overweight) @entity1 and those with normal body mass revealed a significantly more frequent familial incidence of @entity2175 and @entity9975 . @entity1 with @entity9975 , irrespective of body mass, were characterized by low intake of dark bread and wholemeal products, raw fruit and vegetables, and pulses. Obese @entity1 with @entity9975 significantly more frequently consumed milk and yoghurt, meat and its products, lard, bacon and sweets than @entity1 with normal body mass. Obese @entity1 (with overweight) significantly more frequently consumed high-fat foods than the slim ones.

2095866

2095867

2095868

Combination of @entity11983 with XXXX --different cytotoxic effects in two @entity135 cell lines.

multiple_choice

@entity11983 (BetA), a new experimental cytotoxic compound that is active against @entity1 @entity320 cells and @entity4969 cells, has recently been shown to be also effective against head and neck @entity957 cells (HNSCC). In this study we investigated BetA in combination with @entity900 in @entity957 cell lines of the tongue. SCC25 and SCC9 were treated with BetA and/or @entity900 . Cells were counted with an automated analyzing system. Caspase activation was determined using the M30 Cyto-Death ELISA, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity2423 by Western blot analysis. Visualization of apoptotic cells was achieved by immunohistochemistry. Synergistic cytotoxic effect and the induction of apoptosis under combined treatment was observed in @entity1 cells only after 24 or 48 h, whereas treatment of @entity1 cells for 72 h with BetA and @entity900 showed antagonism or subadditive effects. In @entity1 cells, antagonism occurred over an increase of dose and time during treatment. Furthermore, we could not demonstrate a significant alteration in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, @entity2423 . Our in vitro data demonstrate that BetA seems to be an unlikely candidate for combination with @entity900 in the treatment of @entity135 .

2095869

2095870

2095871

Combination of XXXX with @entity900 --different cytotoxic effects in two @entity135 cell lines.

multiple_choice

@entity11983 (BetA), a new experimental cytotoxic compound that is active against @entity1 @entity320 cells and @entity4969 cells, has recently been shown to be also effective against head and neck @entity957 cells (HNSCC). In this study we investigated BetA in combination with @entity900 in @entity957 cell lines of the tongue. SCC25 and SCC9 were treated with BetA and/or @entity900 . Cells were counted with an automated analyzing system. Caspase activation was determined using the M30 Cyto-Death ELISA, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity2423 by Western blot analysis. Visualization of apoptotic cells was achieved by immunohistochemistry. Synergistic cytotoxic effect and the induction of apoptosis under combined treatment was observed in @entity1 cells only after 24 or 48 h, whereas treatment of @entity1 cells for 72 h with BetA and @entity900 showed antagonism or subadditive effects. In @entity1 cells, antagonism occurred over an increase of dose and time during treatment. Furthermore, we could not demonstrate a significant alteration in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, @entity2423 . Our in vitro data demonstrate that BetA seems to be an unlikely candidate for combination with @entity900 in the treatment of @entity135 .

2095872

2095873

2095874

Combination of @entity11983 with @entity900 --different cytotoxic effects in two XXXX cell lines.

multiple_choice

@entity11983 (BetA), a new experimental cytotoxic compound that is active against @entity1 @entity320 cells and @entity4969 cells, has recently been shown to be also effective against head and neck @entity957 cells (HNSCC). In this study we investigated BetA in combination with @entity900 in @entity957 cell lines of the tongue. SCC25 and SCC9 were treated with BetA and/or @entity900 . Cells were counted with an automated analyzing system. Caspase activation was determined using the M30 Cyto-Death ELISA, expression of the anti-apoptotic protein @entity2423 by Western blot analysis. Visualization of apoptotic cells was achieved by immunohistochemistry. Synergistic cytotoxic effect and the induction of apoptosis under combined treatment was observed in @entity1 cells only after 24 or 48 h, whereas treatment of @entity1 cells for 72 h with BetA and @entity900 showed antagonism or subadditive effects. In @entity1 cells, antagonism occurred over an increase of dose and time during treatment. Furthermore, we could not demonstrate a significant alteration in the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, @entity2423 . Our in vitro data demonstrate that BetA seems to be an unlikely candidate for combination with @entity900 in the treatment of @entity135 .

2095875

2095876

2095877

[Sonographically guided @entity455 : new method of XXXX treatment].

multiple_choice

AIM: Authors present new method of @entity1868 therapy: sonographically guided @entity455 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sclerosation was performed under color doppler sonographic visualisation. Sclerosation was performed with 96% @entity167 . Study comprised of 40 @entity1 . Group A consisted of 20 @entity1 with sclerosation, while there were 20 @entity1 in group B with operative therapy. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, size, location, vascularisation and @entity5 . Indication for treatment ( @entity548 , @entity158 , pressure) showed no difference. Sclerosation was intravascular in 15% and perivascular in 85% of @entity1 . During procedure, @entity158 was present in 20%, burning in 85% and @entity548 in 15%. Procedure had to be repeated in 30%, and it was done three times in 15% of @entity1 . There was decrease in vascularisation (in 85%), and in size (in 95% of @entity1 ) after @entity455 . After sclerosation, decrease in @entity548 had 75% of @entity1 , 65% had @entity158 , and 80% decreased pelvic pressure. In group with operative treatment, 50% of @entity1 had myomectomy, while 50% had hysterectomy. Higher complication rate was found in group with operative treatment (15%), comparing with sclerosation group (0). Hospitalisation was significantly shorter 1,5 days and 6,3 days, as well as ICU treatment 0 and 1,5 days, and time to return to work 3 days and 33 days, in groups A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided @entity455 is safe and effective @entity1868 treatment. It has less complications and shorter recovery time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sonographically guided @entity455 .

2095878

2095879

2095880

[Sonographically guided XXXX : new method of @entity1868 treatment].

multiple_choice

AIM: Authors present new method of @entity1868 therapy: sonographically guided @entity455 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Sclerosation was performed under color doppler sonographic visualisation. Sclerosation was performed with 96% @entity167 . Study comprised of 40 @entity1 . Group A consisted of 20 @entity1 with sclerosation, while there were 20 @entity1 in group B with operative therapy. RESULTS: There was no difference in age, size, location, vascularisation and @entity5 . Indication for treatment ( @entity548 , @entity158 , pressure) showed no difference. Sclerosation was intravascular in 15% and perivascular in 85% of @entity1 . During procedure, @entity158 was present in 20%, burning in 85% and @entity548 in 15%. Procedure had to be repeated in 30%, and it was done three times in 15% of @entity1 . There was decrease in vascularisation (in 85%), and in size (in 95% of @entity1 ) after @entity455 . After sclerosation, decrease in @entity548 had 75% of @entity1 , 65% had @entity158 , and 80% decreased pelvic pressure. In group with operative treatment, 50% of @entity1 had myomectomy, while 50% had hysterectomy. Higher complication rate was found in group with operative treatment (15%), comparing with sclerosation group (0). Hospitalisation was significantly shorter 1,5 days and 6,3 days, as well as ICU treatment 0 and 1,5 days, and time to return to work 3 days and 33 days, in groups A and B, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided @entity455 is safe and effective @entity1868 treatment. It has less complications and shorter recovery time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sonographically guided @entity455 .

2095881

2095882

2095883

A clinical evaluation of XXXX of lower limb amputation sites.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Amputee @entity1 commonly experience skin problems that may result in social, mental, and economic difficulties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity74 and identify potential causes and symptomatic patterns among a population of lower limb amputees. Seventy lower limb amputees were enrolled. Complete examinations were performed by a dermatologist, who diagnosed and documented any @entity272 observed and recorded demographic characteristics of each @entity1 . Mycological and bacteriological swabs were collected from the skin at the amputation site for culture analysis. In @entity1 with suspected disease, patch tests were performed. Of the 70 @entity1 , 58 (82.9%) were male and 12 (17.1%) female. @entity5327 due to @entity6 (n = 38, 54.3%) and @entity130 (n = 16, 22.9%) were the most common reasons for amputation. Skin problems were observed in 49 (70%) cases, and positive allergen reactions occurred in 16 (45.7%) of the 35 contact @entity1909 cases. @entity364 occurred in two @entity1 and @entity2348 in seven. Seventy percent of the lower limb amputee @entity1 in this cohort exhibited skin problems. This high percentage indicates that skin problems may reduce @entity1 ' quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of @entity1 who have undergone amputation and early recognition and treatment of symptoms are therefore of critical importance.

2095884

2095885

2095886

[ XXXX of the head and neck: two cases report].

multiple_choice

@entity1352 are soft tissue @entity5 that rarely occur in the head and neck The purpose of this report is to accrue data on this @entity242 at a rare site, and to highlight the histopathological differential diagnosis with other cervical @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cases of cervico-facial @entity5 were reported in 26 and 27 year old @entity1 . RESULTS: Histologically, these @entity5 were classified into monophasic and biphasic variants. Immunohistochemistry plays a major part in the differential diagnosis, enabling the demonstration of epithelial differentiation. Radical surgery was the mainstay of treatment with post-operative radiotherapy for @entity66 in one case. Local recurrence was developed in the @entity1 who had only surgical treatment. DISCUSSION: @entity1352 are a rare soft tissue @entity5 and the head and neck region location accounts for 3-5% of them. The rarity of this @entity5 in the head and neck and its multitude of his histopathologic features are responsible for frequent initial misdiagnosis. Histologic, immunohistochemic and characteristic chromosomal translocation findings are necessary for diagnosis. The poor prognosis of this @entity242 justified a radical surgery with post-operative radiotherapy.

2095887

2095888

2095889

A Longitudinal Study of Post-Traumatic Growth and Psychological Distress in XXXX .

multiple_choice

The stability of post-traumatic growth over time and the relationship between post-traumatic growth and traditional distress outcomes remains unclear. We tracked post-traumatic growth in a population-based sample of @entity14 @entity1 from soon after diagnosis to five years subsequently to assess the heterogeneity of a post-traumatic growth response to @entity5 over time and describe the simultaneous and longitudinal relationships between post-traumatic growth and @entity458 . 1966 colorectal @entity1 who were five months post diagnosis were assessed six times over a five year period. There was considerable heterogeneity associated with both @entity458 and benefit finding scores over time. However, both for benefit finding and @entity458 , the variation in individual scores suggested an underlying positive linear trend and both lagged and lagged change components. Specifically, benefit finding and @entity458 are mutual leading indicators of each other. First, benefit finding served as a leading indicator of distress, in that increases in reported benefit finding from year to year predicted higher future @entity101 . As well, in an inverse relationship, @entity458 served as a leading indicator of benefit finding, such that increases in reported distress from year to year predicted lower future increases in benefit finding. Post-traumatic growth may reflect @entity1 coping efforts to enhance perceptions of wellbeing in response to escalating @entity5 -related threats, acting as harbinger of increasing trajectories of @entity458 . This explanation is consistent with a cognitive dissonance response in which threats to the integrity of the self then lead to a tendency to accentuate positive aspects of the self.

2095890

2095891

2095892

[Evaluation of antifungal chemotherapeutic effects on XXXX by confocal microscopy].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of confocal microscopy in estimating curative effect and in directing the treatment for @entity364 in the process of antifungal chemotherapy. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity1 , who were confirmed @entity364 by confocal microscopy, were selected from 328 @entity1 with @entity364 . All @entity1 received routine topical and/or oral antifungal medication, and were examined by confocal microscopy once a week and one week after discontinuation of the treatment. The density of hyphae in the @entity2687 , the configuration of inflammatory cells and keratocyte were recorded. Antifungal chemotherapy was adjusted according to examination results and medicines were changed accordingly. If no hyphae were detected by confocal microscopy, antifungal medication was maintained for one week and then discontinued. All @entity1 were followed up for two months to ensure no relapse of @entity364 . RESULTS: Fifty three @entity1 were cured. The area of corneal lesions began to reduce 7 days after the beginning of antifungal chemotherapy. Confocal microscopy examination revealed that the hypha positive sites and the density of hypha were reduced gradually; inflammatory cells also decreased, the configuration of @entity2687 was transformed from asymmetry to symmetry; and normal keratocytes could be detected gradually. After 14 days of treatment, @entity1066 healed up in 37 cases and no hyphae and inflammatory cells were found in 23 cases. After 28 days of treatment, all corneal @entity1066 healed up; hyphae and inflammatory cells were completely disappeared in 31 @entity1 , but a few hyphae still could be found in 22 patients. Antifungal chemotherapy was tapered gradually if no hyphae and inflammatory cells were detected by confocal microscopy. There was no relapse of @entity364 during 2-month follow-up. Infection deteriorated in the other five @entity1 within 7 days, which showed increased density of hypha and inflammatory cells under confocal microscopy examination. All of them were treated with a penetrating keratoplasty to save the eyeball. CONCLUSIONS: Confocal microscopy is an ideal method for the evaluation of curative effects of @entity364 in the process of antifungal chemotherapy. This is also a valuable objective tool in directing antifungal medication.

2095893

2095894

2095895

Differential expression and comparative subcellular localization of XXXX receptor beta isoforms in virally transformed and normal cultured @entity1 lens epithelial cells.

multiple_choice

A number of variants of the wild-type (wt) @entity172 receptor beta ( @entity1783 -1) coexist in a wide range of tissues. In the @entity1 these include, together with others, the expression of several isoforms ( @entity1783 -2- @entity1783 -5) due to alternative splicing of exons encoding the @entity1473 terminus. In this study, we determined whether virally transformed cell cultures of @entity1 lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) express both full length (or wt) and variant isoforms of @entity1783 in comparison to normal secondary cultures of @entity1 lens epithelial cells (nHLE) and furthermore, identify the subcellular localization of the @entity1783 isoform variants in HLE-B3 and nHLE cells, as well as from @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7) which provided a positive control. @entity1783 isoform mRNA expression was evaluated by coupled RT-PCR. Subcellular localization of @entity1783 isoforms was determined on @entity406 -fixed, @entity3857 -permeabilized cells using conventional immunofluorescence techniques and affinity purified polyclonal antibodies specific for @entity1783 -1 as well as to two of the truncated @entity1473 terminus isoforms ( @entity2263 and @entity31741 ). Total RNA was extracted from HLE-B3 and nHLE cells and lens tissue, as well as from @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7) and subjected to RT-PCR using specific @entity172 receptor primers intended to distinguish @entity1783 -1- @entity1783 -5 mRNA. The PCR products corresponded to wtERbeta-1 as well as to the isoform variants @entity2263 and @entity31741 . The proportional distribution of @entity2263 and @entity31741 PCR products differed between the normal lens epithelial cells and the SV-40 transformed lens epithelial cell line; the nHLE being similar to lens tissue with respect to relative expression of @entity1783 isoform cDNAs. Confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed @entity1783 -2 was distributed throughout the cytosol and was associated with the nucleus of all cells examined, although sporadic immunostaining was observed with the nuclei of MCF-7. Prominent immunostaining of @entity1783 -1 appeared in the mitochondria (along with weaker staining in the nucleus) of all cell types as authenticated by co-localization with Mitotrack-633. @entity1783 -5 immunostaining was diffuse in the cytosol and also associated with the nuclei of all cell types. The differential subcellular partitioning of @entity1783 -1 to the mitochondria and @entity1783 -2 to the nucleus suggests a new aspect of regulation and function of the @entity172 signalling system.

2095896

2095897

2095898

Differential expression and comparative subcellular localization of @entity172 receptor beta isoforms in virally transformed and normal cultured XXXX lens epithelial cells.

multiple_choice

A number of variants of the wild-type (wt) @entity172 receptor beta ( @entity1783 -1) coexist in a wide range of tissues. In the @entity1 these include, together with others, the expression of several isoforms ( @entity1783 -2- @entity1783 -5) due to alternative splicing of exons encoding the @entity1473 terminus. In this study, we determined whether virally transformed cell cultures of @entity1 lens epithelial cells (HLE-B3) express both full length (or wt) and variant isoforms of @entity1783 in comparison to normal secondary cultures of @entity1 lens epithelial cells (nHLE) and furthermore, identify the subcellular localization of the @entity1783 isoform variants in HLE-B3 and nHLE cells, as well as from @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7) which provided a positive control. @entity1783 isoform mRNA expression was evaluated by coupled RT-PCR. Subcellular localization of @entity1783 isoforms was determined on @entity406 -fixed, @entity3857 -permeabilized cells using conventional immunofluorescence techniques and affinity purified polyclonal antibodies specific for @entity1783 -1 as well as to two of the truncated @entity1473 terminus isoforms ( @entity2263 and @entity31741 ). Total RNA was extracted from HLE-B3 and nHLE cells and lens tissue, as well as from @entity1 @entity0 cells (MCF-7) and subjected to RT-PCR using specific @entity172 receptor primers intended to distinguish @entity1783 -1- @entity1783 -5 mRNA. The PCR products corresponded to wtERbeta-1 as well as to the isoform variants @entity2263 and @entity31741 . The proportional distribution of @entity2263 and @entity31741 PCR products differed between the normal lens epithelial cells and the SV-40 transformed lens epithelial cell line; the nHLE being similar to lens tissue with respect to relative expression of @entity1783 isoform cDNAs. Confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed @entity1783 -2 was distributed throughout the cytosol and was associated with the nucleus of all cells examined, although sporadic immunostaining was observed with the nuclei of MCF-7. Prominent immunostaining of @entity1783 -1 appeared in the mitochondria (along with weaker staining in the nucleus) of all cell types as authenticated by co-localization with Mitotrack-633. @entity1783 -5 immunostaining was diffuse in the cytosol and also associated with the nuclei of all cell types. The differential subcellular partitioning of @entity1783 -1 to the mitochondria and @entity1783 -2 to the nucleus suggests a new aspect of regulation and function of the @entity172 signalling system.

2095899

2095900

2095901

Analysis of serum protein levels of angiogenic factors and their soluble receptors as markers of response to XXXX in the NCIC CTG BR.24 clinical trial.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: Prognostic and predictive ability of circulating @entity7 ( @entity7 ), stromal derived factor (SDF)-1a and soluble @entity7 receptors (sVEGFR) 2 and 3, were evaluated in @entity1149 ( @entity1149 ) @entity1 enrolled in NCIC Clinical Trials Group BR. 24 comparing chemotherapy with or without @entity19977 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Biomarker levels were assessed by ELISA in serum from 149/296 enrolled @entity1 at baseline and 146/149 @entity1 after one treatment cycle. Experimental cut-offs for baseline measures determined using a graphic method were: @entity7 : < or >= 1ng/ml, SDF-1a: <= or >3.5ng/ml, sVEGFR2: < or >= 11ng/ml and sVEGFR3: < or >= 35.5ng/ml. Changes in markers from baseline to on-treatment were predefined as increased >= 10%, stable within 10% or decreased >= 10%. Cox regression models were used to correlate biomarkers with @entity1 characteristics and outcomes including progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity1349 ( @entity1349 ). RESULTS: No baseline biomarker was prognostic for @entity1349 , however, high baseline sVEGFR2 was prognostic for better PFS (p=0.0008) in the chemotherapy alone arm. Low baseline sVEGFR2 or sVEGFR3 were predictive of PFS benefit from @entity19977 (interaction p=0.06 and p=0.05, respectively). While on treatment, @entity7 increases were associated with better PFS (p=0.02) and @entity1349 (p=0.01) for @entity19977 treated @entity1 . Decreases in sVEGFR2 (p=0.01) or sVEGFR3 (p=0.02) were also predictive of better @entity1349 in @entity19977 treated @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Low baseline sVEGFR2 and sVEGFR3 were predictive for PFS benefit from @entity19977 , whereas increases in @entity7 and decreases in sVEGFR2 or sVEGFR3 levels from baseline to on-treatment were predictive of an @entity1349 benefit from @entity19977 in chemotherapy treated @entity1149 @entity1 . Validation of these results is warranted.

2095902

2095903

2095904

Clinical presentation and management of gastro-intestinal and pancreatic secondary XXXX .

multiple_choice

PURPOSE: As progress regarding the treatment has occurred over recent years in oncology, more @entity1 with @entity3 are presented for diagnosis and further management. The purpose of this study was to reveal the incidence, location and to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome in a series of @entity1 diagnosed with pancreatic, small and large bowel @entity3 that underwent metastasectomy. METHODS: A total of 12 @entity1 (7 male and 5 female) diagnosed with extrahepatic gastrointestinal (GI) and pancreatic metastases from 2001 to 2013 were operated for resection of secondary @entity3 to the small and large bowel and the pancreas. Four out of 12 @entity1 were asymptomatic and a secondary @entity5 was detected during follow up. RESULTS: The median interval revealing the metastatic @entity5 since the management of the @entity5 was 6.5 years (range 1-27). @entity5 were @entity320 (4 @entity1 ), @entity1358 ( @entity1358 ; 2 @entity1 ), @entity1822 (2 @entity1 ), lobular @entity0 , @entity11262 of the skull, @entity1204 and a @entity1893 (one case each). The median follow-up was 15 months (range 4-120). CONCLUSIONS: Metastatic @entity5 have to be considered especially when the @entity1 's medical history includes a previous @entity5 . They may also occasionally present as the initial manifestation of an occult @entity75 leading to diagnostic difficulty. Although radical surgery is the most effective approach, treatment and survival grossly depend on histological type and the stage of the @entity66 . Hence, management of these @entity1 should be individualized by a multidisciplinary team.

2095905

2095906

2095907

A systematic review of training programmes for recruiters to XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Recruitment to @entity23 ( @entity23 ) is often difficult. Clinician related factors have been implicated as important reasons for low rates of recruitment. Clinicians (doctors and other health professionals) can experience discomfort with some underlying principles of @entity23 and experience difficulties in conveying them positively to potential trial @entity1 . Recruiter training has been suggested to address identified problems but a synthesis of this research is lacking. The aim of our study was to systematically review the available evidence on training interventions for recruiters to randomised trials. METHODS: Studies that evaluated training programmes for trial recruiters were included. Those that provided only general communication training not linked to RCT recruitment were excluded. Data extraction and quality assessment were completed by two reviewers independently, with a third author where necessary. RESULTS: Seventeen studies of 9615 potentially eligible titles and abstracts were included in the review: three randomised controlled studies, two non-randomised controlled studies, nine uncontrolled pre-test/post-test studies, two qualitative studies, and a post-training questionnaire survey. Most studies were of moderate or weak quality. Training programmes were mostly set within @entity5 trials, and usually consisted of workshops with a mix of health professionals over one or two consecutive days covering generic and trial specific issues. Recruiter training programmes were well received and some increased recruiters' self-confidence in communicating key RCT concepts to @entity1 . There was, however, little evidence that this training increased actual recruitment rates or @entity1 understanding, satisfaction, or levels of informed consent. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to develop recruiter training programmes that can lead to improved recruitment and informed consent in randomised trials.

2095908

2095909

2095910

A cluster randomised feasibility trial evaluating nutritional interventions in the treatment of XXXX in care home adult residents.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity7493 ( @entity7493 ) predisposes individuals to disease, delays recovery from illness and reduces quality of life. Care home residents in the United Kingdom are especially vulnerable, with an estimated 30 to 42 % at risk. Evidence for nutritional interventions to address @entity7493 in the care home setting is lacking. Widely used techniques include food-based intervention and/or the use of prescribed oral nutritional supplements. To define outcomes and optimise the design for an adequately powered definitive trial to compare the efficacy of established nutritional interventions in this setting, a cluster randomised feasibility trial with a 6-month intervention was undertaken. METHODS: Care home residents with or at risk of @entity3147 were identified across six UK care home sites from September to December 2013. Homes were cluster randomised to standard care (SC), food-based intervention (FB) or oral nutritional supplement intervention (ONS), for 6 months. Key outcomes were trial feasibility and the acceptability of design, allocated interventions and outcome assessments. Anthropometry, dietary intake, healthcare resource usage and @entity1 -reported outcome measures were assessed at baseline and at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: All six care homes approached were recruited and retained. Of the 110 residents at risk of @entity3147 , 85 % entered the trial, and 68 % completed the 6-month intervention. Pre-specified success criteria for feasibility were met for recruitment and retention, intervention acceptability (resident compliance >= 60 %) and measurement of weight, body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference and dietary intake (data completeness >80 %). Measurement of handgrip strength and triceps skinfold thickness was not found to be feasible in this population. The 95 % confidence interval (CI) data suggested sensitivity to change in dietary intake for weight, BMI and energy intake between baseline and 3 months when each intervention (FB and ONS) was compared with SC. CONCLUSIONS: A definitive trial comparing the efficacy of nutritional support interventions in increasing weight and BMI in malnourished care home residents can be conducted. However, whilst the design was feasible, this trial has highlighted the lack of clinically and @entity1 -relevant outcome measures that are appropriate for use in this setting for both research and clinical practice. In particular, this trial identified a need for a more simple measure of functional status, which considers the limitations of functional tests in the care home population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38047922 , Date assigned: 22 April 2014.

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2095912

2095913

Regulation of Adaptive NK Cells and @entity405 T Cells by XXXX Correlates with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation.

multiple_choice

Mass cytometry was used to investigate the effect of @entity2834 reactivation on lymphocyte reconstitution in hematopoietic cell transplant @entity1 . For eight transplant recipients (four @entity2834 negative and four @entity2834 positive), we studied PBMCs obtained 6 mo after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Forty cell-surface markers, distinguishing all major leukocyte populations in PBMC, were analyzed with mass cytometry. This group included 34 NK cell markers. Compared with healthy controls, transplant recipients had higher @entity18698 expression on @entity2940 (-) @entity4071 (+) NK cells, B cells, @entity1116 (bright) myeloid cells, and CD4CD8 T cells. The increase in @entity18698 expression was greater for @entity2834 -positive HCT recipients than for @entity2834 negative recipients. Present in @entity2834 -positive HCT recipients, but not in @entity2834 -negative HCT recipients or controls, is a population of killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)-expressing @entity405 T cells not previously described. These @entity405 T cells coexpress @entity2940 , @entity4755 , and @entity37432 . The HCT recipients also have a population of @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells that preferentially express @entity16301 . An inverse correlation was observed between the frequencies of @entity4755 (+) @entity37432 (+) NK cells and @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells. Although @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells are less abundant in @entity2834 -positive recipients, their phenotype is of a more activated cell than the @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells of controls and @entity2834 -negative HCT recipients. These data demonstrate that HCT and @entity2834 reactivation are associated with an increased expression of @entity18698 . This could influence NK cell education during lymphocyte reconstitution. The increased inhibitory KIR expression by proliferating @entity2834 -specific @entity405 T cells suggests regulatory interactions between @entity18698 and KIR might promote Graft-versus- @entity1778 effects following transplantation.

2095914

2095915

2095916

Regulation of Adaptive NK Cells and XXXX T Cells by @entity18698 Correlates with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and with Cytomegalovirus Reactivation.

multiple_choice

Mass cytometry was used to investigate the effect of @entity2834 reactivation on lymphocyte reconstitution in hematopoietic cell transplant @entity1 . For eight transplant recipients (four @entity2834 negative and four @entity2834 positive), we studied PBMCs obtained 6 mo after unrelated donor hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Forty cell-surface markers, distinguishing all major leukocyte populations in PBMC, were analyzed with mass cytometry. This group included 34 NK cell markers. Compared with healthy controls, transplant recipients had higher @entity18698 expression on @entity2940 (-) @entity4071 (+) NK cells, B cells, @entity1116 (bright) myeloid cells, and CD4CD8 T cells. The increase in @entity18698 expression was greater for @entity2834 -positive HCT recipients than for @entity2834 negative recipients. Present in @entity2834 -positive HCT recipients, but not in @entity2834 -negative HCT recipients or controls, is a population of killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)-expressing @entity405 T cells not previously described. These @entity405 T cells coexpress @entity2940 , @entity4755 , and @entity37432 . The HCT recipients also have a population of @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells that preferentially express @entity16301 . An inverse correlation was observed between the frequencies of @entity4755 (+) @entity37432 (+) NK cells and @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells. Although @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells are less abundant in @entity2834 -positive recipients, their phenotype is of a more activated cell than the @entity4755 (+)NKG2A(+) NK cells of controls and @entity2834 -negative HCT recipients. These data demonstrate that HCT and @entity2834 reactivation are associated with an increased expression of @entity18698 . This could influence NK cell education during lymphocyte reconstitution. The increased inhibitory KIR expression by proliferating @entity2834 -specific @entity405 T cells suggests regulatory interactions between @entity18698 and KIR might promote Graft-versus- @entity1778 effects following transplantation.

2095917

2095918

2095919

Etiologies and outcome of XXXX of the femoral head: Etiology and outcome study in a Taiwan population.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity2530 of the femoral head (ONFH) is an important indication for total hip arthroplasty in Taiwan. We demonstrated the etiologies of ONFH and outcomes based on stratification of @entity1 according to different etiologies. METHODS: We reviewed medical records and images from January 2000 to May 2010 in our database with the diagnosis of " @entity2530 of the femoral head." We categorized all @entity1 into different etiologies, including corticosteroid, @entity285 , and idiopathic. All @entity1 received subsequent follow up for ipsilateral precollapse ONFH and @entity66 -free femoral head status after initial diagnosis. RESULTS: Of the 1153 @entity1 who had undergone 1674 hip surgeries including core decompression and total hip replacement, @entity285 use was the most prevalent etiology in our population (45.2%). @entity1 with corticosteroid- and @entity285 -associated ONFH were younger and more likely to have bilateral disease. @entity1 with @entity285 - or @entity479 -associated ONFH were found to have a higher rate of @entity66 and faster progression of precollapse ONFH than @entity1 who had or had not undergone core decompression. CONCLUSION: @entity285 use had the greatest impact on ONFH in our population. Nonidiopathic ONFH @entity1 had the worst outcome. Understanding the nature of progression of ONFH and incidence of @entity66 may provide great prognostic value to detect and perform early intervention.

2095920

2095921

2095922

Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Upper Thoracic Manipulation on Myoelectric Activity of Sternocleidomastoid Muscles in Young @entity1 With XXXX : A Randomized Blind Clinical Trial.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and short-term effects of upper thoracic spine manipulation on @entity158 intensity and myoelectric activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in young @entity1 with @entity4048 . METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out involving 32 @entity1 with @entity4048 (mean age, 24.8 5.4 years) allocated to an experimental group and a placebo group. Three evaluations were carried out: baseline, immediate postintervention, and short-term postintervention (48-72 hours after intervention). Myoelectric activity of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles was assessed at rest and during isometric contractions for cervical flexion and elevation of the shoulder girdle. Neck @entity158 intensity was assessed at rest using a visual analog scale. Comparisons of the data were performed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction. The level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: A moderate treatment effect on myoelectric activity of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles during isometric elevation of the shoulder girdle was found in the experimental group only on the short-term postintervention evaluation (d > 0.40). No statistically significant differences were found for any of the variables analyzed in the intergroup comparisons at the different evaluation times (P > .05). CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences were found in the intragroup or intergroup analyses of the experimental and placebo groups regarding myoelectric activity of the cervical muscles or the intensity of neck @entity158 at rest in the immediate or short-term postintervention evaluations.

2095923

2095924

2095925

Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Upper Thoracic Manipulation on Myoelectric Activity of Sternocleidomastoid Muscles in Young XXXX With @entity4048 : A Randomized Blind Clinical Trial.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the immediate and short-term effects of upper thoracic spine manipulation on @entity158 intensity and myoelectric activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscles in young @entity1 with @entity4048 . METHODS: A randomized clinical trial was carried out involving 32 @entity1 with @entity4048 (mean age, 24.8 5.4 years) allocated to an experimental group and a placebo group. Three evaluations were carried out: baseline, immediate postintervention, and short-term postintervention (48-72 hours after intervention). Myoelectric activity of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles was assessed at rest and during isometric contractions for cervical flexion and elevation of the shoulder girdle. Neck @entity158 intensity was assessed at rest using a visual analog scale. Comparisons of the data were performed using 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance with the Bonferroni correction. The level of significance was set at P < .05. RESULTS: A moderate treatment effect on myoelectric activity of the right and left sternocleidomastoid muscles during isometric elevation of the shoulder girdle was found in the experimental group only on the short-term postintervention evaluation (d > 0.40). No statistically significant differences were found for any of the variables analyzed in the intergroup comparisons at the different evaluation times (P > .05). CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences were found in the intragroup or intergroup analyses of the experimental and placebo groups regarding myoelectric activity of the cervical muscles or the intensity of neck @entity158 at rest in the immediate or short-term postintervention evaluations.

2095926

2095927

2095928

Emotional Meaning in Context in Relation to XXXX : An ERP Study.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: The ability to integrate contextual information is important for the comprehension of emotional and social situations. While some studies have shown that emotional processes and social cognition are impaired in @entity1 with hypomanic personality trait, no results have been reported concerning the neurophysiological processes mediating the processing of emotional information during the integration of contextual social information in this population. We therefore chose to conduct an ERP study dealing with the integration of emotional information in a population with hypomanic personality trait. Healthy @entity1 were evaluated using the @entity1314 ( @entity1314 ), and ERPs were recorded during a linguistic task in which @entity1 silently read sentence pairs describing short social situations. The first sentence implicitly conveyed the positive or negative emotional state of a character. The second sentence was emotionally congruent or incongruent with the first sentence. We analyzed the difference in the modulation of two components (N400 and LPC) in response to the emotional word present at the end of the "target" sentences as a function of the @entity1314 score and the emotional valence of the context. Our results showed a possible modulation of the N400 component in response to both positive and negative context among the @entity1 who scored high on the Mood Volatility subscale of the @entity1314 . These results seem to indicate that the @entity1 with hypomanic personality traits exhibited specificities in the integration of emotions at the level of the early-mobilized neurocognitive processes (N400). @entity1 with hypomanic personality traits found it difficult to integrate negative emotional contexts, while simultaneously exhibiting an enhanced integration of positive emotional contexts.

2095929

2095930

2095931

Early Secondary Neurologic Deterioration After Blunt Spinal XXXX : A Review of the Literature.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to review published reports of secondary @entity16 in the early stages of care after blunt spinal @entity130 and describe its nature, context, and associated risk factors. METHODS: The authors searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for English-language studies. Cases were included meeting the criteria age 16 years or older, nonpenetrating @entity130 , and experiencing @entity16 during prehospital or @entity341 ( @entity341 ) care prior to definitive management (e.g., discharge, spinal clearance by computed tomography, admission to an inpatient service, or surgical intervention). Results were qualitatively analyzed for characteristics and themes. RESULTS: Forty-one qualifying cases were identified from 12 papers. In 30 cases, the new deficits were apparently spontaneous and were not detected until routine reassessment. In 12 cases the authors did attribute deterioration to temporally associated precipitants, seven of which were possibly iatrogenic; these included removal of a cervical collar, placement of a halo device, @entity1 agitation, performance of flexion/extension films, "unintentional manipulation," falling in or near the @entity341 , and forced collar application in @entity1 with @entity1691 . Thirteen cases occurred during prehospital care, none of them sudden and movement-provoked, and all reported by a single study. CONCLUSIONS: Published reports of early secondary @entity16 after blunt spinal @entity130 are exceptionally rare and generally poorly documented. High-risk features may include @entity1032 and @entity1691 . It is unclear how often events are linked with spontaneous @entity1 movement and whether such events are preventable.

2095932

2095933

2095934

Initial treatment of XXXX and adherence to therapy in general practice in Italy.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Antihypertensive agents are among the most used therapeutic classes. The approach to the pharmacological treatment of @entity101 is guided by international recommendations and adherence to treatment is known to result in effective prevention of cardiovascular risk. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of use of antihypertensive agents in general practice in terms of drug choice for the initial treatment of @entity101 and adherence to treatments among newly recruited @entity1 . METHODS: We collected the data of all antihypertensive drugs prescribed by general practitioners (GPs) and reimbursed between January 1998 and December 2002 by a Local Health Authority of Emilia Romagna (Ravenna district, 350,000 inhabitants). We selected subjects aged 40 years and older, permanently living in the area during the whole period of the study, who received their first prescription of antihypertensives between January and December 1999, with no prescription of antihypertensive agents in the previous year. For each @entity1 , we documented the starting regimen and evaluated adherence to treatment in terms of persistence during the years ( @entity1 were defined persistent if they received at least one prescription per year) and in terms of daily coverage ( @entity1 were defined covered if they received an amount of drugs consistent with a daily treatment). Finally, switches or addition of other therapeutic classes during the 3-year period were identified. RESULTS: A cohort of 6,043 subjects receiving their first antihypertensive treatment in 1999 was obtained. Regarding the starting regimen, monotherapies with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (n = 1,597; 26%) or @entity460 channel blockers (n = 1126; 19%) were the most frequently prescribed. Of the @entity1 , 21% started with a drug combination regimen. Regarding adherence to treatment, 18% of the cohort received only one prescription throughout the 3 years, 13% received more than one prescription but stopped the therapy during the first year, 69% were persistent during the second year and 60% also during the third year. Only 34% were covered during the first year and 24% also during the second year, whereas only 20% of the @entity1 resulted covered throughout the 3 years. Among persistent @entity1 , 41% maintained the same antihypertensive regimen throughout the 3 years, 25% added other drugs to the initial treatment and 34% switched to completely different regimens. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reflect the lack of convergence among guidelines on the drug class(es) to be considered as first choice in the initial treatment of @entity101 . Although an intervention in this field may have important implications in terms of cost savings, the ongoing debate does not allow us to draw definite conclusions on whether measures should be taken by the National Health Authority. However, the lack of adherence to antihypertensive treatment is undoubtedly a matter of concern for public health and should be addressed with appropriate interventions.

2095935

2095936

2095937

Association of left atrial function with incident atypical XXXX after @entity955 ablation.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic left @entity956 (LAFL) is common after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of baseline LA function with incident LAFL after @entity955 ablation. METHODS: The source cohort included 216 @entity1 with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) before initial @entity955 ablation between 2010 and 2013. @entity1 who underwent cryoballoon or laser ablation, @entity1 with @entity955 during CMR, and those with suboptimal CMR, or missing follow-up data were excluded. Baseline LA volume and function were assessed by feature-tracking CMR analysis. RESULTS: The final cohort included 119 @entity1 (mean age 58.9 11 years; 76.5% @entity1 ; 70.6% @entity1 with @entity955 ). During a median follow-up of 421 days (interquartile range 235-751 days), 22 @entity1 (18.5%) had incident LAFL. Baseline LA volume was similar between the 2 groups. In contrast, baseline reservoir, conduit, and contractile function of the LA were significantly impaired in @entity1 with incident LAFL. Baseline global peak longitudinal atrial strain (PLAS) <22.65% predicted incident LAFL with 86% sensitivity and 68% specificity (C statistic 0.76). In a multivariable model adjusting for age, @entity712 , and LA volume, PLAS (hazard ratio 0.9 per % increase in PLAS; P = .003) and @entity75 (hazard ratio 2.94; P = .020) were independently associated with incident LAFL. The coexistence of PLAS <22.65% and linear lesions was associated with 9-fold increased hazard of incident LAFL. CONCLUSION: Baseline LA function and linear lesions were independently associated with incident LAFL after @entity955 ablation. @entity75 should be limited to selected cases, especially in @entity1 with @entity73 .

2095938

2095939

2095940

Association of left atrial function with incident atypical @entity956 after XXXX ablation.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic left @entity956 (LAFL) is common after @entity955 ( @entity955 ) ablation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of baseline LA function with incident LAFL after @entity955 ablation. METHODS: The source cohort included 216 @entity1 with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) before initial @entity955 ablation between 2010 and 2013. @entity1 who underwent cryoballoon or laser ablation, @entity1 with @entity955 during CMR, and those with suboptimal CMR, or missing follow-up data were excluded. Baseline LA volume and function were assessed by feature-tracking CMR analysis. RESULTS: The final cohort included 119 @entity1 (mean age 58.9 11 years; 76.5% @entity1 ; 70.6% @entity1 with @entity955 ). During a median follow-up of 421 days (interquartile range 235-751 days), 22 @entity1 (18.5%) had incident LAFL. Baseline LA volume was similar between the 2 groups. In contrast, baseline reservoir, conduit, and contractile function of the LA were significantly impaired in @entity1 with incident LAFL. Baseline global peak longitudinal atrial strain (PLAS) <22.65% predicted incident LAFL with 86% sensitivity and 68% specificity (C statistic 0.76). In a multivariable model adjusting for age, @entity712 , and LA volume, PLAS (hazard ratio 0.9 per % increase in PLAS; P = .003) and @entity75 (hazard ratio 2.94; P = .020) were independently associated with incident LAFL. The coexistence of PLAS <22.65% and linear lesions was associated with 9-fold increased hazard of incident LAFL. CONCLUSION: Baseline LA function and linear lesions were independently associated with incident LAFL after @entity955 ablation. @entity75 should be limited to selected cases, especially in @entity1 with @entity73 .

2095941

2095942

2095943

One-Per-Mil Tumescent Infiltration Technique for XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: To present the efficacy of 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution for resection of @entity1462 in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application. METHODS: Four @entity1 with five slow @entity1462 were retrospectively reviewed. Prior to incision, 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution was infiltrated subcutaneously surrounding the lesion until the skin turned pale. Amount of tumescent solution injected, the length of surgery, the clarity of the operative field, and the complications were recorded. Clarity of operative field was categorized as totally bloodless, minimum @entity548 , acceptable @entity548 , and bloody. In the surgeries under local anesthesia, we also recorded self-reported intra-operative @entity158 using VAS score, onset of @entity158 , and conversion of anesthesia. RESULTS: The injected amount of the tumescent solution ranged from 4.5 to 200 mL, with the length of surgery ranged from 60 to 150 minutes. One out of 5 cases was totally bloodless, 3 cases were minimum @entity548 and 1 case was acceptable @entity548 . @entity39 was recorded in 1 @entity1 . Neither intra-operative @entity158 nor conversion from local to general anesthesia was reported. CONCLUSIONS: 1:1,000,000 tumescent solution is effective for resection of slow @entity1462 in hand and upper extremity without tourniquet application.

2095944

2095945

2095946

Comparison of neutron activated and radiolabeled microsphere methods for measurement of transmural myocardial blood flow in XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The 'gold standard' radioactive microsphere (RM) technique for measurement of organ blood flow under various experimental conditions is inaccessible to many researchers due to increasing environmental concerns regarding safety and disposal of low-level radioactive waste materials. A new method using neutron activated microspheres (NAM) has recently been described. METHODS: We compared regional myocardial blood flows using the new formulation STERIspheres (NAM; 15.0 +/- 0.1 [SD] microm; density 1.5 gr/mL) with RM (15.0 +/- 0.1 [SD] microm; density 1.5 gr/mL) under different experimental conditions during acute @entity63 -reperfusion injury in @entity235 . Random paired combinations of four different RM and NAM were co-injected into the left atrium during autoregulation, @entity1563 and flow-mediated @entity450 (reperfusion) in the same animal. The left ventricle was divided into non- @entity63 and @entity63 regions and further subdivided into endocardial, mid-myocardial and epicardial portions. After gamma-counting, blood and myocardial tissue samples (n = 180) were dried and then shipped to a core facility for neutron activation and analysis. NAM-RM blood flow data were directly compared by ANOVA and regression analysis; Bland and Altman analysis was also performed to assess mean differences in blood flow with NAM-RM. RESULTS: A direct relation for blood flow between NAM-RM was observed; the slope of the relation (1.17 RM +/- 0.04 [SEE]) was different from unity but the intercept (0.06 +/- 0.06 [SEE]) was not different from the origin. Intermethod mean differences were minimal between NAM-RM in the low to normal range of blood flow and were increased at the higher blood flow levels the latter being of minor physiological consequence. A direct relation for @entity1503 flow ratios between NAM-RM was also observed; the slope of the relation (0.98 RM +/- 0.04 [SEE]) and the intercept (0.03 +/- 0.06 [SEE]) were not different from unity or the origin, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: RESULTS show that in addition to limiting production of radioactive waste materials, NAM accurately measure myocardial blood flow, endocardial/epicardial and @entity63 /non- @entity63 blood flow distributions over a wide range. We compared myocardial blood flows using paired combinations of neutron activated (NAM) and the 'gold standard' radiolabeled microspheres (RM) co-injected during autoregulation, @entity1563 and flow-mediated @entity450 in an in situ @entity235 @entity63 -reperfusion preparation. A direct relation for @entity1503 flow ratios between NAM-RM was observed; intermethod mean differences between NAM-RM were minimal in the low to normal blood flow range but increased at higher blood flow levels. These results indicate that NAM accurately measure myocardial blood flow and its transmural distribution in addition to limiting unnecessary production of radioactive laboratory waste products.

2095947

2095948

2095949

Stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastases from XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Surgical resection and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are well-established treatment methods for @entity1 with brain metastases, yet their respective roles in the management of brain metastases remain incompletely defined. METHODS: To report on the role of SRS in the treatment of @entity1 with brain metastases from @entity320 , a retrospective analysis of 381 @entity320 metastases in 103 consecutive @entity1 who underwent SRS between 2005 and 2011 at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center was conducted. The Cyberknife( ) SRS system was used to treat all @entity1 . Clinical, technical, and radiographic data were recorded at presentation and on follow-up. RESULTS: The @entity1 cohort consisted of 40 female (39%) and 63 male (61%) @entity1 with a median age of 57 years. The median overall survival from the time of radiosurgery for the entire @entity1 cohort was 7.6 months. The local control rate at 1-year was 72% for the @entity1 who received surgery followed by SRS and 55% for the entire @entity1 population. Surgery followed by SRS was associated with significantly improved overall survival compared with SRS alone or whole-brain radiation therapy followed by salvage SRS (P < 0.0057). CONCLUSIONS: Both surgery plus SRS and SRS provide comparable local control. Despite the difference in lesion size in the subgroups who received surgery plus SRS and radiosurgery alone, similar outcomes were achieved in both groups, suggesting that surgical treatment of larger lesions can yield results that are not significantly different from small lesions treated by SRS alone.

2095950

2095951

2095952

XXXX Diagnostic Committees' contribution to the National @entity1906 Program in Manila and Quezon Cities.

multiple_choice

SETTING: The Philippines @entity378 Diagnostic Committees (TBDCs) were created to improve the quality of diagnosis of sputum smear-negative chest radiography suggestive of @entity1907 (sn- @entity1802 ). OBJECTIVE: To determine current TBDC activities, obstacles and possible solutions for improvements in the quality of diagnosis of sn- @entity1802 in Manila City and Quezon City. DESIGN: A descriptive review of TBDC Masterlist records and interviews with TBDC members using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: A record review of nine of 10 TBDCs was conducted, with interviews of 33 of the 49 current members. During the second and third quarters of 2009, respectively 1142 and 1563 sn- @entity1802 cases were evaluated by the TBDCs in both cities. Of these, 53% in Manila City and 65% in Quezon City were classified as active @entity1906 @entity1 . There were significant variations in the percentage of @entity1 recommended for anti- @entity378 treatment by the TBDC. The participation of its members is based on their expressed commitment to program sustainability. CONCLUSION: TBDC activities contribute to @entity1906 control in the Philippines by ensuring the judicious use of resources. Further research to assess the contributions of TBDCs in reducing diagnostic and treatment delays, and factors affecting the sustainability of the TBDCs, is recommended.

2095953

2095954

2095955

@entity378 Diagnostic Committees' contribution to the National XXXX Program in Manila and Quezon Cities.

multiple_choice

SETTING: The Philippines @entity378 Diagnostic Committees (TBDCs) were created to improve the quality of diagnosis of sputum smear-negative chest radiography suggestive of @entity1907 (sn- @entity1802 ). OBJECTIVE: To determine current TBDC activities, obstacles and possible solutions for improvements in the quality of diagnosis of sn- @entity1802 in Manila City and Quezon City. DESIGN: A descriptive review of TBDC Masterlist records and interviews with TBDC members using a semi-structured questionnaire. RESULTS: A record review of nine of 10 TBDCs was conducted, with interviews of 33 of the 49 current members. During the second and third quarters of 2009, respectively 1142 and 1563 sn- @entity1802 cases were evaluated by the TBDCs in both cities. Of these, 53% in Manila City and 65% in Quezon City were classified as active @entity1906 @entity1 . There were significant variations in the percentage of @entity1 recommended for anti- @entity378 treatment by the TBDC. The participation of its members is based on their expressed commitment to program sustainability. CONCLUSION: TBDC activities contribute to @entity1906 control in the Philippines by ensuring the judicious use of resources. Further research to assess the contributions of TBDCs in reducing diagnostic and treatment delays, and factors affecting the sustainability of the TBDCs, is recommended.

2095956

2095957

2095958

Routine programmatic delivery of XXXX preventive therapy to @entity1 in Cape Town, South Africa.

multiple_choice

SETTING: Fourteen primary health care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion and characteristics of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) cases that identify @entity1 aged <5 years who qualify for @entity3109 preventive therapy (IPT), and to determine the proportion of @entity1 who initiate and complete IPT. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical record review conducted as a stratified cluster survey. RESULTS: Of 1179 records of infectious adult cases, 33.3% had no documentation of contacts. Of the remaining 786 records, 525 contacts aged <5 years were identified, representing 0.7 @entity1 contacts per infectious adult case. Older age, male, @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV) positive, smear-negative and retreatment @entity378 cases were all associated with no documentation of contacts. Of the 525 @entity1 contacts identified, less than half were screened for @entity378 , 141 initiated IPT and 19 completed it. CONCLUSION: Less than 67% of @entity378 case records had documentation of contacts. Younger, female, @entity645 -negative and new smear-positive @entity378 cases were more likely to have had contacts identified. Less than 14% of @entity1 already initiated on IPT completed 6 months of treatment.

2095959

2095960

2095961

Routine programmatic delivery of @entity3109 preventive therapy to XXXX in Cape Town, South Africa.

multiple_choice

SETTING: Fourteen primary health care facilities in Cape Town, South Africa. OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion and characteristics of @entity378 ( @entity378 ) cases that identify @entity1 aged <5 years who qualify for @entity3109 preventive therapy (IPT), and to determine the proportion of @entity1 who initiate and complete IPT. DESIGN: A retrospective clinical record review conducted as a stratified cluster survey. RESULTS: Of 1179 records of infectious adult cases, 33.3% had no documentation of contacts. Of the remaining 786 records, 525 contacts aged <5 years were identified, representing 0.7 @entity1 contacts per infectious adult case. Older age, male, @entity1 @entity465 virus (HIV) positive, smear-negative and retreatment @entity378 cases were all associated with no documentation of contacts. Of the 525 @entity1 contacts identified, less than half were screened for @entity378 , 141 initiated IPT and 19 completed it. CONCLUSION: Less than 67% of @entity378 case records had documentation of contacts. Younger, female, @entity645 -negative and new smear-positive @entity378 cases were more likely to have had contacts identified. Less than 14% of @entity1 already initiated on IPT completed 6 months of treatment.

2095962

2095963

2095964

@entity15787 and Its Receptor Play a Role in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of XXXX Cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity15787 ( @entity15787 ) is a cytokine produced predominantly by cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cells and natural killer T-cells. There exists evidence that @entity15787 is implicated in various immunological processes through its specific receptor ( @entity32077 ). However, the participation of @entity15787 in the pathogenesis of @entity5 is not fully conclusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that there was differential expression of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and sequence analysis. The expression of @entity32077 was stronger in MDA-231 cells, weaker in MCF7 but negative in ZR-75.1 cells. The invasion and migratory capacity of @entity32077 + @entity1865 -231 cells was enhanced by @entity15787 in a dose-dependent manner. After @entity32077 was knocked-down by siRNA gene silencing, the response of MDA-231 to treatment with @entity15787 was attenuated. We found that siRNA silencing of @entity32077 also spontaneously suppressed cell proliferation. However, @entity15787 had no additional effect on the proliferation of MDA-231 cells. We also found that @entity32077 was involved in signaling pathways of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that are crucial for spreading and migration of metastatic MDA231 cells. In conclusion, we unveiled the roles of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells, which enhances our knowledge on immunological regulation of @entity5 cells through the axis of @entity15787 and its receptor.

2095965

2095966

2095967

XXXX and Its Receptor Play a Role in Proliferation, Migration and Invasion of @entity0 Cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity15787 ( @entity15787 ) is a cytokine produced predominantly by cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T-cells and natural killer T-cells. There exists evidence that @entity15787 is implicated in various immunological processes through its specific receptor ( @entity32077 ). However, the participation of @entity15787 in the pathogenesis of @entity5 is not fully conclusive. In the present study, we demonstrated that there was differential expression of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting and sequence analysis. The expression of @entity32077 was stronger in MDA-231 cells, weaker in MCF7 but negative in ZR-75.1 cells. The invasion and migratory capacity of @entity32077 + @entity1865 -231 cells was enhanced by @entity15787 in a dose-dependent manner. After @entity32077 was knocked-down by siRNA gene silencing, the response of MDA-231 to treatment with @entity15787 was attenuated. We found that siRNA silencing of @entity32077 also spontaneously suppressed cell proliferation. However, @entity15787 had no additional effect on the proliferation of MDA-231 cells. We also found that @entity32077 was involved in signaling pathways of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that are crucial for spreading and migration of metastatic MDA231 cells. In conclusion, we unveiled the roles of @entity32077 in @entity0 cells, which enhances our knowledge on immunological regulation of @entity5 cells through the axis of @entity15787 and its receptor.

2095968

2095969

2095970

Efficacy of the device combining high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and thermotherapy for relieving primary XXXX : a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of the combined therapy with high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hf-TENS) and thermotherapy in relieving primary @entity158 . STUDY DESIGN: In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 115 @entity1 with moderate or severe primary @entity1834 were assigned to the study or control group at a ratio of 1:1. Subjects in the study group used an integrated hf-TENS/thermotherapy device, whereas control subjects used a sham device. A visual analog scale was used to measure @entity158 intensity. Variables related to @entity158 relief, including reduction rate of dysmenorrheal score, were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The dysmenorrheal score was significantly reduced in the study group compared to the control group following the use of the devices. The duration of @entity158 relief was significantly increased in the study group compared to the control group. There were no differences between the groups in the brief @entity158 inventory scores, numbers of @entity5018 tablets taken orally, and World Health Organization quality of life-BREF scores. No adverse events were observed related to the use of the study device. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of hf-TENS and thermotherapy was effective in relieving acute @entity158 in @entity1 with moderate or severe primary @entity1834 .

2095971

2095972

2095973

Gender and XXXX : A Collaborative Review of Etiology, Biology, and Outcomes.

multiple_choice

CONTEXT: The incidence of @entity150 is three to four times greater in @entity1 than in @entity1 . However, @entity1 are diagnosed with more advanced disease at presentation and have less favorable outcomes after treatment. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on potential biologic mechanisms underlying differential gender risk for @entity150 , and evidence regarding gender disparities in @entity150 presentation, management, and outcomes. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A literature search of English-language publications that included an analysis of the association of gender with @entity150 was performed using Pubmed. Ninety-seven articles were selected for analysis with the consensus of all authors. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: It has been shown that the gender difference in @entity150 incidence is independent of differences in exposure risk, including smoking status. Potential molecular mechanisms include disparate metabolism of carcinogens by hepatic enzymes between @entity1 and @entity1 , resulting in differential exposure of the urothelium to carcinogens. In addition, the activity of the sex @entity479 hormone pathway may play a role in @entity150 development, with demonstration that both @entity3800 and @entity172 have biologic effects in @entity150 in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, gender differences exist in the timeliness and @entity1939 of @entity811 evaluation, with @entity1 experiencing a significantly greater delay in urologic referral and undergoing guideline-concordant imaging less frequently. Correspondingly, @entity1 have more advanced @entity5 at the time of @entity150 diagnosis. Interestingly, higher cancer-specific mortality has been noted among @entity1 even after adjusting for @entity5 stage and treatment modality. CONCLUSIONS: Numerous potential biologic and epidemiologic factors probably underlie the gender differences observed for @entity150 incidence, stage at diagnosis, and outcomes. Continued evaluation to define clinical applications for manipulation of the sex @entity479 pathway and to improve the standardization of @entity811 evaluation in @entity1 may improve future @entity1 outcomes and reduce these disparities. @entity1 SUMMARY: We describe the scientific basis and clinical evidence to explain the greater incidence of @entity150 in @entity1 and the adverse presentation and outcomes for this disease in @entity1 . We identify goals for improving @entity1 survival and reducing gender disparities in @entity150 .

2095974

2095975

2095976

Radiofrequency ablation of unresectable XXXX : trends in management and outcome during a decade at a single center.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is widely used for treatment of @entity14 ( @entity14 ). PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of increased experience in RFA of @entity14 on morbidity and survival, and the trends in @entity1 management and outcomes during the last decade. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Hospital records of the initial 52 consecutive @entity1 who underwent RFA (56 procedures/70 lesions) were retrospectively reviewed. The @entity1 were divided into two groups according to time period of treatment, period I (2001-2006: n = 26) and period II (2007-2011: n = 26). RESULTS: Concomitant liver resection was performed in 15 @entity1 in each period. Operative morbidity decreased from 47% to 19% (P = 0.047). Most complications were found in @entity1 who underwent a concomitant liver resection and not related to the ablation per se. Local recurrence rate decreased from 19.4% to 12.9% (P = 0.526). At least one risk factor for recurrence was found in @entity1 with local recurrence (n = 11): subcapsular localization (n = 4), @entity5 size >3 cm and subcapsular localization (n = 2), and perivascular localization (portal veins/hepatic veins) (n = 5). Median overall survival was 32 months in period I and 49 months in period II, whereas estimated 5-year survival was 19% and 36%, respectively (P = 0.09). Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to four @entity1 (15.4%) in period I and 13 @entity1 (50%) in period II (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: RFA alone or in combination with liver resection is a potentially curative treatment to selected @entity1 with @entity14 . Over time, the morbidity and survival have improved in RFA of @entity14 . Although a possible effect of a learning curve should be taken into consideration in the appraisal of this improvement, it is more likely to be attributable to optimization of indication, development in surgical techniques, and increased use of perioperative chemotherapy.

2095977

2095978

2095979

Regional differences in the density of Langerhans cells, @entity405 -positive T lymphocytes and XXXX -positive macrophages: a preliminary study using elderly donated cadavers.

multiple_choice

To provide a better understanding of the local immune system in the face and external genitalia, i.e., the oral floor, lower lip, palpebral conjunctiva, anus and penis, we examined the distribution and density of @entity4896 -positve Langerhans cells, @entity405 -positive suppressor T lymphocytes and @entity469 -positive macrophages using specimens from 8 male elderly cadavers. The density of Langerhans cells showed an individual difference of more than (or almost) 10-fold in the lip (oral floor). In the oral floor, Langerhans cells were often spherical. Submucosal or subcutaneous suppressor lymphocytes, especially rich in the oral floor and penile skin, migrated into the epithelium at 4 sites, except for the anus. In the conjunctiva, macrophage migration into the epithelium was seen in all 8 specimens. The density of suppressor lymphocytes showed a significant correlation between the oral floor and the lip (r=0.78). In contrast, the anal and penile skins showed no positive correlation in the density of all three types of immunoreactive cells examined. Overall, irrespective of the wide individual differences, the oral floor and conjunctiva seemed to be characterized by a rich content of all three cell types, whereas the penile skin was characterized by an abundance of suppressor lymphocytes. Based on the tables, as mean value, the relative abundance of three different cell types were as follows; @entity4896 -positive Langerhans cells (anus), @entity405 -positive lymphocytes (penis), and @entity469 -positive macrophages (lip). The present observations suggest that the local immune response is highly site-dependent, with a tendency for tolerance rather than rejection.

2095980

2095981

2095982

Regional differences in the density of Langerhans cells, XXXX -positive T lymphocytes and @entity469 -positive macrophages: a preliminary study using elderly donated cadavers.

multiple_choice

To provide a better understanding of the local immune system in the face and external genitalia, i.e., the oral floor, lower lip, palpebral conjunctiva, anus and penis, we examined the distribution and density of @entity4896 -positve Langerhans cells, @entity405 -positive suppressor T lymphocytes and @entity469 -positive macrophages using specimens from 8 male elderly cadavers. The density of Langerhans cells showed an individual difference of more than (or almost) 10-fold in the lip (oral floor). In the oral floor, Langerhans cells were often spherical. Submucosal or subcutaneous suppressor lymphocytes, especially rich in the oral floor and penile skin, migrated into the epithelium at 4 sites, except for the anus. In the conjunctiva, macrophage migration into the epithelium was seen in all 8 specimens. The density of suppressor lymphocytes showed a significant correlation between the oral floor and the lip (r=0.78). In contrast, the anal and penile skins showed no positive correlation in the density of all three types of immunoreactive cells examined. Overall, irrespective of the wide individual differences, the oral floor and conjunctiva seemed to be characterized by a rich content of all three cell types, whereas the penile skin was characterized by an abundance of suppressor lymphocytes. Based on the tables, as mean value, the relative abundance of three different cell types were as follows; @entity4896 -positive Langerhans cells (anus), @entity405 -positive lymphocytes (penis), and @entity469 -positive macrophages (lip). The present observations suggest that the local immune response is highly site-dependent, with a tendency for tolerance rather than rejection.

2095983

2095984

2095985

The effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of XXXX and @entity130 of the upper and lower extremities: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic @entity130 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue therapy is commonly used to manage @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of @entity85 and @entity130 of the upper and lower extremities. DESIGN: Systematic Review. METHODS: We searched six databases from 1990 to 2015 and critically appraised eligible articles using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Evidence from studies with low risk of bias was synthesized using best-evidence synthesis methodology. RESULTS: We screened 9869 articles and critically appraised seven; six had low risk of bias. Localized relaxation massage provides added benefits to multimodal care immediately post-intervention for @entity923 . Movement re-education (contraction/passive stretching) provides better long-term benefit than one corticosteroid injection for @entity2633 . Myofascial release improves outcomes compared to sham ultrasound for @entity2633 . Diacutaneous fibrolysis (DF) or sham DF leads to similar outcomes in @entity158 intensity for @entity5818 . Trigger point therapy may provide limited or no additional benefit when combined with self-stretching for @entity3444 ; however, myofascial release to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantar fascia is effective. CONCLUSION: Our review clarifies the role of soft-tissue therapy for the management of upper and lower extremity @entity85 and @entity130 . Myofascial release therapy was effective for treating @entity2633 and @entity3444 . Movement re-education was also effective for managing @entity2633 . Localized relaxation massage combined with multimodal care may provide short-term benefit for treating @entity923 . More high quality research is needed to study the appropriateness and comparative effectiveness of this widely utilized form of treatment.

2095986

2095987

2095988

The effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of @entity85 and XXXX of the upper and lower extremities: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic @entity130 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue therapy is commonly used to manage @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of @entity85 and @entity130 of the upper and lower extremities. DESIGN: Systematic Review. METHODS: We searched six databases from 1990 to 2015 and critically appraised eligible articles using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Evidence from studies with low risk of bias was synthesized using best-evidence synthesis methodology. RESULTS: We screened 9869 articles and critically appraised seven; six had low risk of bias. Localized relaxation massage provides added benefits to multimodal care immediately post-intervention for @entity923 . Movement re-education (contraction/passive stretching) provides better long-term benefit than one corticosteroid injection for @entity2633 . Myofascial release improves outcomes compared to sham ultrasound for @entity2633 . Diacutaneous fibrolysis (DF) or sham DF leads to similar outcomes in @entity158 intensity for @entity5818 . Trigger point therapy may provide limited or no additional benefit when combined with self-stretching for @entity3444 ; however, myofascial release to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantar fascia is effective. CONCLUSION: Our review clarifies the role of soft-tissue therapy for the management of upper and lower extremity @entity85 and @entity130 . Myofascial release therapy was effective for treating @entity2633 and @entity3444 . Movement re-education was also effective for managing @entity2633 . Localized relaxation massage combined with multimodal care may provide short-term benefit for treating @entity923 . More high quality research is needed to study the appropriateness and comparative effectiveness of this widely utilized form of treatment.

2095989

2095990

2095991

The effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of @entity85 and @entity130 of the upper and lower extremities: A systematic review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Soft-tissue therapy is commonly used to manage @entity85 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of soft-tissue therapy for the management of @entity85 and @entity130 of the upper and lower extremities. DESIGN: Systematic Review. METHODS: We searched six databases from 1990 to 2015 and critically appraised eligible articles using Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) criteria. Evidence from studies with low risk of bias was synthesized using best-evidence synthesis methodology. RESULTS: We screened 9869 articles and critically appraised seven; six had low risk of bias. Localized relaxation massage provides added benefits to multimodal care immediately post-intervention for @entity923 . Movement re-education (contraction/passive stretching) provides better long-term benefit than one corticosteroid injection for @entity2633 . Myofascial release improves outcomes compared to sham ultrasound for @entity2633 . Diacutaneous fibrolysis (DF) or sham DF leads to similar outcomes in @entity158 intensity for @entity5818 . Trigger point therapy may provide limited or no additional benefit when combined with self-stretching for @entity3444 ; however, myofascial release to the gastrocnemius, soleus and plantar fascia is effective. CONCLUSION: Our review clarifies the role of soft-tissue therapy for the management of upper and lower extremity @entity85 and @entity130 . Myofascial release therapy was effective for treating @entity2633 and @entity3444 . Movement re-education was also effective for managing @entity2633 . Localized relaxation massage combined with multimodal care may provide short-term benefit for treating @entity923 . More high quality research is needed to study the appropriateness and comparative effectiveness of this widely utilized form of treatment.

2095992

2095993

2095994

Isolated reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament with autologous XXXX tendon.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Since the role of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) as the primary soft-tissue restraint against lateral patellar translation has been recognized, several different reconstruction procedures for the treatment of patellar instability have been proposed over recent years. Many of these techniques require bony procedures and hardware fixation at the patellar and femoral side, leading to complications as described previously in the literature. The purpose of the present study is to describe the technique of isolated MPFL reconstruction using the @entity121 tendon and report the results at a mean follow-up of 38 months. The hypothesis is that this technique, not requiring drilling of bone tunnels on the patellar and femoral side, may be a "simple and safe" mean to manage patellar instability, giving good clinical results with low complication rate in selected @entity1 with normal osseous anatomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen consecutive @entity1 (9 male, 7 female; mean age 22 years) with chronic patellar instability underwent medial patellofemoral reconstruction with the superficial layer of the @entity121 tendon. All the @entity1 were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively by physical examination and subjectively with Kujala and Lysholm scores. RESULTS: The average follow-up was 38 months (range 28-48 months). No recurrent episodes of @entity7194 and no complications occurred. The mean Kujala score increased from 35.8 preoperatively to 88.8 postoperatively and the Lysholm score improved from 43.3 preoperatively to 89.3 postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated MPFL reconstruction using an autologous @entity121 tendon and not requiring bone tunnels, may be a safe, simple and effective procedure for the treatment of patellar instability without complications such as @entity174 as reported by clinical studies using hamstring grafts. For the same reason it may also be indicated in skeletally immature @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

2095995

2095996

2095997

Inverse gradient of nitrergic and purinergic inhibitory cotransmission in the XXXX colon.

multiple_choice

AIM: Gastrointestinal smooth muscle relaxation is accomplished by the neural corelease of @entity855 or a related @entity17262 and @entity842 . Contractions are triggered by @entity934 and @entity4756 . The aim of this work was to study whether regional differences in neurotransmission could partially explain the varied physiological roles of each colonic area. METHODS: We used electrophysiological and myography techniques to evaluate purinergic (L- @entity67583 mm incubated tissue), nitrergic ( @entity15095 0.3 m incubated tissue) and cholinergic neurotransmission (L- @entity67583 mm and @entity15095 0.3 m incubated tissue) in the proximal, mid and distal colon of @entity2659 @entity19 (n = 42). RESULTS: Purinergic electrophysiological responses elicited by single pulses (28 V) were greater in the distal (IJPfMAX = -35.3 2.2 mV), followed by the mid (IJPfMAX = -30.6 1.0 mV) and proximal (IJPfMAX = -11.7 1.1 mV) colon. In contrast, nitrergic responses decreased from the proximal colon (IJPsMAX = -11.4 1.1 mV) to the mid (IJPsMAX = -9.1 0.4 mV), followed by the distal colon (IJPsMAX = -1.8 0.3 mV). A similar rank of order was observed in neural mediated inhibitory mechanical responses including electrical field stimulation-mediated responses and neural tone. ADPbs concentration-response curve was shifted to the left in the distal colon. In contrast, NaNP responses did not differ between regions. Cholinergic neurotransmission elicited contractions of a similar amplitude throughout the colon. CONCLUSION: An inverse gradient of purinergic and nitrergic neurotransmission exists through the @entity19 colon. The proximal and mid colon have a predominant nitrergic neurotransmission probably due to the fact that their storage function requires sustained relaxations. The distal colon, in contrast, has mainly purinergic neurotransmission responsible for the phasic relaxations needed to propel dehydrated faeces.

2095998

2095999

2096000

Prevalence of XXXX morbidity in a difficult @entity565 population: relationship to @entity565 outcome.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric morbidity appears common in fatal and near-fatal @entity565 and may be a factor in difficult to control asthmatic subjects. We examined the prevalence of @entity146 morbidity (using @entity146 interview) in a cohort of sequentially referred poorly controlled asthmatics and related this to (a) @entity565 outcome (b) assessing chest physician opinion and (c) @entity308 Scale (HADS). METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated using a systematic evaluation protocol to identify and manage all co-morbidity. Psychiatric assessment was performed by experienced liaison psychiatrists and ICD10 diagnosis and treatment programme assigned. Subjects completed HADS at presentation and follow-up. Asthma was managed according to BTS/SIGN Guidelines. RESULTS: Of 65 subjects who attended for @entity146 interview, 32 (49%) had an ICD10 diagnosis, (6 (9%) previously identified) with @entity308 most common (59%). Physician assessment had poor discrimination for @entity146 . @entity148 scores (13.4+/-0.8 vs. 8.5+/-0.7) and @entity308 scores (10.2+/-0.7 vs. 4.8+/-0.5) scores were significantly higher in subjects with ICD10 diagnosis (P<0.001), who were also more likely to be current smokers (P<0.01). HADS had a poor positive predictive value for @entity146 but a good negative predictive value for @entity308 . There was no relationship between ICD10 diagnosis and @entity565 outcome. Subjects identified as therapy-resistant @entity565 after systematic evaluation, had significantly lower @entity308 scores after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In difficult asthmatics, there is a high prevalence of undiagnosed @entity146 morbidity, with @entity308 being particularly prevalent. A simple screening questionnaire such as HADS, has a high false positive rate when compared to @entity146 interview, but may be useful in excluding @entity308 . There appears to be little association between identification and management of co-existent psychiatry morbidity and @entity565 outcome.

2096001

2096002

2096003

Prevalence of @entity146 morbidity in a difficult XXXX population: relationship to @entity565 outcome.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric morbidity appears common in fatal and near-fatal @entity565 and may be a factor in difficult to control asthmatic subjects. We examined the prevalence of @entity146 morbidity (using @entity146 interview) in a cohort of sequentially referred poorly controlled asthmatics and related this to (a) @entity565 outcome (b) assessing chest physician opinion and (c) @entity308 Scale (HADS). METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated using a systematic evaluation protocol to identify and manage all co-morbidity. Psychiatric assessment was performed by experienced liaison psychiatrists and ICD10 diagnosis and treatment programme assigned. Subjects completed HADS at presentation and follow-up. Asthma was managed according to BTS/SIGN Guidelines. RESULTS: Of 65 subjects who attended for @entity146 interview, 32 (49%) had an ICD10 diagnosis, (6 (9%) previously identified) with @entity308 most common (59%). Physician assessment had poor discrimination for @entity146 . @entity148 scores (13.4+/-0.8 vs. 8.5+/-0.7) and @entity308 scores (10.2+/-0.7 vs. 4.8+/-0.5) scores were significantly higher in subjects with ICD10 diagnosis (P<0.001), who were also more likely to be current smokers (P<0.01). HADS had a poor positive predictive value for @entity146 but a good negative predictive value for @entity308 . There was no relationship between ICD10 diagnosis and @entity565 outcome. Subjects identified as therapy-resistant @entity565 after systematic evaluation, had significantly lower @entity308 scores after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In difficult asthmatics, there is a high prevalence of undiagnosed @entity146 morbidity, with @entity308 being particularly prevalent. A simple screening questionnaire such as HADS, has a high false positive rate when compared to @entity146 interview, but may be useful in excluding @entity308 . There appears to be little association between identification and management of co-existent psychiatry morbidity and @entity565 outcome.

2096004

2096005

2096006

Prevalence of @entity146 morbidity in a difficult @entity565 population: relationship to XXXX outcome.

multiple_choice

INTRODUCTION: Psychiatric morbidity appears common in fatal and near-fatal @entity565 and may be a factor in difficult to control asthmatic subjects. We examined the prevalence of @entity146 morbidity (using @entity146 interview) in a cohort of sequentially referred poorly controlled asthmatics and related this to (a) @entity565 outcome (b) assessing chest physician opinion and (c) @entity308 Scale (HADS). METHODS: @entity1 were evaluated using a systematic evaluation protocol to identify and manage all co-morbidity. Psychiatric assessment was performed by experienced liaison psychiatrists and ICD10 diagnosis and treatment programme assigned. Subjects completed HADS at presentation and follow-up. Asthma was managed according to BTS/SIGN Guidelines. RESULTS: Of 65 subjects who attended for @entity146 interview, 32 (49%) had an ICD10 diagnosis, (6 (9%) previously identified) with @entity308 most common (59%). Physician assessment had poor discrimination for @entity146 . @entity148 scores (13.4+/-0.8 vs. 8.5+/-0.7) and @entity308 scores (10.2+/-0.7 vs. 4.8+/-0.5) scores were significantly higher in subjects with ICD10 diagnosis (P<0.001), who were also more likely to be current smokers (P<0.01). HADS had a poor positive predictive value for @entity146 but a good negative predictive value for @entity308 . There was no relationship between ICD10 diagnosis and @entity565 outcome. Subjects identified as therapy-resistant @entity565 after systematic evaluation, had significantly lower @entity308 scores after treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: In difficult asthmatics, there is a high prevalence of undiagnosed @entity146 morbidity, with @entity308 being particularly prevalent. A simple screening questionnaire such as HADS, has a high false positive rate when compared to @entity146 interview, but may be useful in excluding @entity308 . There appears to be little association between identification and management of co-existent psychiatry morbidity and @entity565 outcome.

2096007

2096008

2096009

Comparison of lumbar epidural tramadol and lumbar epidural @entity1286 for XXXX relief after thoracotomy: a repeated-dose study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare lumbar epidural @entity1286 and lumbar epidural tramadol with respect to onset and duration of @entity1337 , analgesic efficacy, and drug-related side effects after muscle-sparing thoracotomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study. SETTING: Single university hospital. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 who underwent elective muscle-sparing thoracotomy. INTERVENTIONS: Before anesthesia induction, an epidural catheter was placed in the @entity11376 or @entity6357 interspace using the loss-of-resistance technique. On arrival at the intensive care unit, @entity1 were randomized to receive doses of either 100 mg of @entity1340 (group T) or 4 mg of @entity1286 (group M) via the lumbar epidural catheter. Each dose was diluted in 10 mL of normal saline. On awakening from anesthesia, if the @entity1 's @entity158 score on a 0- to 100-mm visual analog scale was above 40 mm, the initial epidural drug dose was administered. The initial injection in each case was taken as time 0. Subsequent @entity158 scores above 40 mm were considered indications for epidural dosing; each @entity1 was allowed 2 doses in the first 12 hours postoperatively and 2 more in the second 12 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The groups' @entity1337 onset times were similar, but duration of @entity1337 was significantly shorter in group T than in group M (p < 0.01). There were no differences between the groups with respect to @entity158 scores at rest or during coughing at any of the time points investigated. Sedation scores were lower in group T than in group M at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 hours (p value range, 0.0001-0.05). Compared with group T, group M showed significantly greater drops in arterial @entity26 tension from baseline at 3, 4, 8, and 12 hours (p value range, 0.0001-0.05). The group means for arterial @entity544 tension and respiratory rate were similar at all time points investigated. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the quality of @entity1337 achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural tramadol after muscle-sparing thoracotomy is comparable to that achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural @entity1286 . Compared with @entity1286 , lumbar epidural tramadol results in less sedation and a less-pronounced decrease in oxygenation.

2096010

2096011

2096012

Comparison of lumbar epidural tramadol and lumbar epidural XXXX for @entity158 relief after thoracotomy: a repeated-dose study.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare lumbar epidural @entity1286 and lumbar epidural tramadol with respect to onset and duration of @entity1337 , analgesic efficacy, and drug-related side effects after muscle-sparing thoracotomy. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, clinical study. SETTING: Single university hospital. @entity1 : Forty @entity1 who underwent elective muscle-sparing thoracotomy. INTERVENTIONS: Before anesthesia induction, an epidural catheter was placed in the @entity11376 or @entity6357 interspace using the loss-of-resistance technique. On arrival at the intensive care unit, @entity1 were randomized to receive doses of either 100 mg of @entity1340 (group T) or 4 mg of @entity1286 (group M) via the lumbar epidural catheter. Each dose was diluted in 10 mL of normal saline. On awakening from anesthesia, if the @entity1 's @entity158 score on a 0- to 100-mm visual analog scale was above 40 mm, the initial epidural drug dose was administered. The initial injection in each case was taken as time 0. Subsequent @entity158 scores above 40 mm were considered indications for epidural dosing; each @entity1 was allowed 2 doses in the first 12 hours postoperatively and 2 more in the second 12 hours. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The groups' @entity1337 onset times were similar, but duration of @entity1337 was significantly shorter in group T than in group M (p < 0.01). There were no differences between the groups with respect to @entity158 scores at rest or during coughing at any of the time points investigated. Sedation scores were lower in group T than in group M at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 hours (p value range, 0.0001-0.05). Compared with group T, group M showed significantly greater drops in arterial @entity26 tension from baseline at 3, 4, 8, and 12 hours (p value range, 0.0001-0.05). The group means for arterial @entity544 tension and respiratory rate were similar at all time points investigated. CONCLUSION: The study revealed that the quality of @entity1337 achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural tramadol after muscle-sparing thoracotomy is comparable to that achieved with repeated doses of lumbar epidural @entity1286 . Compared with @entity1286 , lumbar epidural tramadol results in less sedation and a less-pronounced decrease in oxygenation.

2096013

2096014

2096015

XXXX is required for calcitonin-mediated invasion of @entity5 cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Expression of neuropeptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor ( @entity8982 ) is frequently elevated in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and activation of CT- @entity8982 axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. Specific, cell-permeable inhibitors of protein kinase A abolish @entity8982 -stimulated invasion of PC cells. Since PKA is ubiquitously distributed in cells, present study examined the mechanism(s) by which @entity8982 -stimulated PKA activity is regulated in time and space. CT reduced cell adhesion but increased invasion of PC cells. Both these actions were abolished by st-Ht31 inhibitory peptide suggesting the involvement of an @entity21732 ( @entity21732 ) in CT action. Next, we identified the @entity21732 associated with CT action by the subtraction of potential @entity21732 candidates using siRNAs. Knock-down of membrane-associated @entity67968 , but not other AKAPs, abolished CT stimulated invasion. Stable knock-down of @entity67968 in PC3- @entity8982 cells remarkably decreased their cell proliferation, invasion, clonogenicity and ability to form @entity5 and distant metastases in @entity19 . Reexpression of @entity67968 -wt restored these characteristics. Primary PC specimens displayed remarkable up-regulation of @entity8982 / @entity67968 expression as compared to benign prostates. @entity5 displayed significantly higher @entity8982 / @entity67968 expression than localized cancers. These results for the first time demonstrate that @entity67968 is expressed in @entity1 prostates, its expression is elevated in @entity263 , and the knock-down of its expression remarkably decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of @entity263 cells. @entity67968 may serve as a critical component of @entity8982 -mediated oncogenic actions.

2096016

2096017

2096018

@entity67968 is required for calcitonin-mediated invasion of XXXX cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: Expression of neuropeptide calcitonin (CT) and its receptor ( @entity8982 ) is frequently elevated in @entity263 ( @entity263 ) and activation of CT- @entity8982 axis in non-invasive PC cells induces an invasive phenotype. Specific, cell-permeable inhibitors of protein kinase A abolish @entity8982 -stimulated invasion of PC cells. Since PKA is ubiquitously distributed in cells, present study examined the mechanism(s) by which @entity8982 -stimulated PKA activity is regulated in time and space. CT reduced cell adhesion but increased invasion of PC cells. Both these actions were abolished by st-Ht31 inhibitory peptide suggesting the involvement of an @entity21732 ( @entity21732 ) in CT action. Next, we identified the @entity21732 associated with CT action by the subtraction of potential @entity21732 candidates using siRNAs. Knock-down of membrane-associated @entity67968 , but not other AKAPs, abolished CT stimulated invasion. Stable knock-down of @entity67968 in PC3- @entity8982 cells remarkably decreased their cell proliferation, invasion, clonogenicity and ability to form @entity5 and distant metastases in @entity19 . Reexpression of @entity67968 -wt restored these characteristics. Primary PC specimens displayed remarkable up-regulation of @entity8982 / @entity67968 expression as compared to benign prostates. @entity5 displayed significantly higher @entity8982 / @entity67968 expression than localized cancers. These results for the first time demonstrate that @entity67968 is expressed in @entity1 prostates, its expression is elevated in @entity263 , and the knock-down of its expression remarkably decreased tumorigenicity and metastatic ability of @entity263 cells. @entity67968 may serve as a critical component of @entity8982 -mediated oncogenic actions.

2096019

2096020

2096021

Obstructive airway in XXXX , the past, the present and the future.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity1 with severe @entity3885 in @entity17053 are at risk of @entity387 and related complications. @entity3885 also leads to life-threatening complications during anesthesia as a result of the difficulty in managing the upper airway due to factors inherent to the @entity17053 , compounded by the difficulty in intubating the @entity825 . A detailed description of the obstructive pathology of the @entity825 is not available in the literature probably due to lack of a homogenous group of Morquio A @entity1 to study at any one particular center. We present a series of cases with significant @entity3885 who were unrecognized due to the difficulty in interpreting tracheal narrowing airway symptoms. Our goal is to provide the guidelines in the management of these @entity1 that allow earlier recognition and intervention of @entity3885 . Sagittal MRI images of the cervical spine of 28 Morquio A @entity1 (12 8.14years) showed that19/28 (67.9%) @entity1 had at least 25% tracheal narrowing and that narrowing worsened with age (all 8 @entity1 over 15years had greater than 50% narrowing). Eight out of 28 @entity1 were categorized as severe (>75%) tracheal narrowing when images were evaluated in neutral head and neck position. Of the 19 @entity1 with tracheal narrowing, compression by the tortuous brachiocephalic artery was the most common cause (n=15). Evidence of such tracheal narrowing was evident as early as at 2years of age. The etiology of tracheal impingement by the brachiocephalic artery in Morquio A appears to be due to a combination of the narrow thoracic inlet crowding structures and the disproportionate growth of @entity825 and brachiocephalic artery in relationship to the chest cavity leading to tracheal tortuosity. In conclusion, tracheal narrowing, often due to impression from the crossing tortuous brachiocephalic artery, increases with age in Morquio A @entity1 . Greater attention to the @entity825 is needed when evaluating cervical spine MRIs as well as other imaging and clinical investigations, with the goal of establishing a timely treatment protocol to reduce the mortality rate in this @entity1 population.

2096022

2096023

2096024

Periprocedural plasma XXXX levels and coronary stent outcome.

multiple_choice

AIM: Percutaneous intervention is one of the treatment option for @entity453 . Reinfarction and restenosis is one of the complication of the procedure. So this study was conducted to assess plasma @entity2002 levels pre- and post coronary stenting and its relation with outcome. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, venous blood samples were collected at three timed points in relation to stenting - 24h before, 24h after and 72h after stenting to assess @entity2002 levels. @entity1 were followed up for six months. Repeat revascularization, @entity583 and symptomatic @entity951 were considered as major adverse clinical events. RESULTS: 57 @entity1 who underwent successful stenting and followed up for six months up were included in the study. Mean age was 53 years and 87.7% were males and 29.8% were @entity6 . Baseline plasma @entity2002 level was significantly high in @entity1 who developed repeat @entity951 and @entity583 after the stenting [288.64 59.43 vs 393.75 32.97mg/dL, p=0.003] and it remained high during serial assessment [322.74 63.92 vs 422.00 55.28mg/dL, 326.23 65.81 vs 419.50 45.82mg/dL, 0.008, 0.012 respectively]. @entity1 who developed adverse events denied any drug default. CONCLUSION: We conclude that plasma @entity2002 plays a significant role in the development of adverse events following stenting shown by high level of plasma @entity2002 in @entity1 who developed adverse events.

2096025

2096026

2096027

No evidence of disease activity in XXXX : Implications on cognition and @entity1010 .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The concept of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) has emerged as an important outcome measure for @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, it is not known if maintaining NEDA has a positive impact on cognition or @entity1010 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate NEDA status after two years, addressing its implications on cognition and @entity1010 . METHODS: Forty-two relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 and 30 controls underwent MRI (3T) and cognitive evaluation (BRB-N). Forty @entity1 performed additional evaluations, after 12 and 24 months. NEDA was defined as the absence of clinical (relapses/disability progression) and MRI activity (new T2/ @entity2287 -enhancing lesions). Repeated measures and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the contribution of NEDA criteria to @entity194 . RESULTS: After two years, 30.8% of the cohort had NEDA. From these, 58.3% still had worsening in 2 cognitive domains. @entity1 with MRI activity had more cortical thinning and slightly more thalamus volume decrease. Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning, subcortical @entity7419 and thalamic @entity194 rates. CONCLUSIONS: NEDA status was achieved in a small proportion of our cohort, and did not preclude @entity73 . Absence of MRI activity and especially of new/enlarging T2 lesions was associated with less cortical and subcortical @entity194 .

2096028

2096029

2096030

No evidence of disease activity in @entity15 : Implications on cognition and XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: The concept of no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) has emerged as an important outcome measure for @entity15 ( @entity15 ). However, it is not known if maintaining NEDA has a positive impact on cognition or @entity1010 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate NEDA status after two years, addressing its implications on cognition and @entity1010 . METHODS: Forty-two relapsing-remitting @entity15 @entity1 and 30 controls underwent MRI (3T) and cognitive evaluation (BRB-N). Forty @entity1 performed additional evaluations, after 12 and 24 months. NEDA was defined as the absence of clinical (relapses/disability progression) and MRI activity (new T2/ @entity2287 -enhancing lesions). Repeated measures and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the contribution of NEDA criteria to @entity194 . RESULTS: After two years, 30.8% of the cohort had NEDA. From these, 58.3% still had worsening in 2 cognitive domains. @entity1 with MRI activity had more cortical thinning and slightly more thalamus volume decrease. Absence of new/enlarging T2 lesions was the only predictor of cortical thinning, subcortical @entity7419 and thalamic @entity194 rates. CONCLUSIONS: NEDA status was achieved in a small proportion of our cohort, and did not preclude @entity73 . Absence of MRI activity and especially of new/enlarging T2 lesions was associated with less cortical and subcortical @entity194 .

2096031

2096032

2096033

[Repairing XXXX by nerve transfer].

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience of surgical treatment of @entity5300 and to discuss the operations for different of types @entity5300 . METHODS: We enrolled 18 cases of @entity5300 with different surgical treatment by nerve transfer from October, 1998 to September, 2002. The follow-up time between 2 years 2 months to 5 years 8 months, the mean time being 3 years 10 months. RESULTS: The 18 @entity1 were followed up more than 2 years. Of the 16 @entity1 who lost shoulder abduction 11 had recovered to more than grade 3 strength of supraspinatus muscle; 4 had recovered to more than grade 3 strength of deltoid muscle. Of the 16 @entity1 who lost elbow flexor function 14 had recovered to more than grade 3 strength of biceps muscle. Of the 6 @entity1 who lost wrist and finger flexion, 2 had recovered to more than grade 3 strength in flexion of wrist and fingers. Of the 4 @entity1 who lost radial nerve function, 3 had recovered to more than grade 3 strength of extend elbow and finger. All of them had recovered grade 3 strength of extend wrist. CONCLUSION: Accurate diagnosis, early operation and refine manipulation are key factors for functional recovery in transferring nerve treatment for @entity5300 . Different methods should be selected according to the types of @entity5300 . All injured nerves should be repaired for young @entity1 .

2096034

2096035

2096036

The proportion of all previous XXXX was a potential instrument for @entity1 ' actual prescriptions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether physician's prescribing preference is a valid instrumental variable (IV) for @entity1 ' actual prescription of selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We compared the effect of @entity3840 inhibitors vs. traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) on the risk of @entity344 using physician's preference as IV. We used different definitions of physician's preference for @entity3840 inhibitors. A retrospective cohort of new users was built which was further restricted to subcohorts. We compared IV-based risk difference estimates, using a two-stage approach, to estimates from conventional multivariate models. RESULTS: We observed only a small proportion of COX-inhibitor users (3.2%) in our study. All instruments, in the full cohort and in the subcohorts, reduced the imbalance in most of the covariates. However, the IV treatment effect estimates had a highly inflated variance. Compared to the most recent prescription, the proportion of previous @entity1 was a stronger instrument and reduced the variance of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The proportion of all previous @entity1 is a potential IV for comparing @entity3840 inhibitors vs. tNSAIDs in GePaRD. Our study demonstrates that valid instruments in one health care system may not be directly applicable to others.

2096037

2096038

2096039

The proportion of all previous @entity1 was a potential instrument for XXXX ' actual prescriptions of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether physician's prescribing preference is a valid instrumental variable (IV) for @entity1 ' actual prescription of selective @entity3840 ( @entity3840 ) inhibitors in the German Pharmacoepidemiological Research Database (GePaRD). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: We compared the effect of @entity3840 inhibitors vs. traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (tNSAIDs) on the risk of @entity344 using physician's preference as IV. We used different definitions of physician's preference for @entity3840 inhibitors. A retrospective cohort of new users was built which was further restricted to subcohorts. We compared IV-based risk difference estimates, using a two-stage approach, to estimates from conventional multivariate models. RESULTS: We observed only a small proportion of COX-inhibitor users (3.2%) in our study. All instruments, in the full cohort and in the subcohorts, reduced the imbalance in most of the covariates. However, the IV treatment effect estimates had a highly inflated variance. Compared to the most recent prescription, the proportion of previous @entity1 was a stronger instrument and reduced the variance of the estimates. CONCLUSION: The proportion of all previous @entity1 is a potential IV for comparing @entity3840 inhibitors vs. tNSAIDs in GePaRD. Our study demonstrates that valid instruments in one health care system may not be directly applicable to others.

2096040

2096041

2096042

Indications for gastrectomy after incomplete EMR for XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: Although the number of @entity1 with @entity356 ( @entity356 ) treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) has increased, the appropriate strategy for treating those with incomplete resection has not been established. METHODS: This study analyzed 726 cases of @entity356 in @entity1 treated by EMR between 1991 and 2000, in order to clarify the en-bloc and complete resection rates. We classified @entity1 with incomplete resection into four groups according to the estimated risk of @entity5 or @entity1600 ( @entity1600 ) @entity3 , determined from pathological findings of EMR specimens. We then analyzed 45 @entity1 with @entity356 treated surgically after incomplete EMR, with the aim of eliciting the risk of @entity5 and @entity1600 @entity3 . RESULTS: Of the 726 @entity1 , 529 (72.9%) had an en-bloc resection, while 378 (52.1%) had a complete resection. Three hundred and nine @entity1 were found to have @entity1697 and lateral cut-end-positive status with no @entity1600 @entity3 (group A). In this group, 18 @entity1 (5.8%) had @entity5 , with the lesions in the majority of @entity1 being limited to the mucosal layer. Group B consisted of 14 @entity1 with @entity5 , with 1 @entity1 having @entity5 and 2 @entity1 having @entity1600 @entity3 . Fifteen @entity1 were classified as group C, with sm2 or greater and vertical cut end-negative status, with 2 showing @entity5 and 1 showing @entity1600 @entity3 . Group D included 10 @entity1 with vertical cut end-positive status. Four of these @entity1 had @entity5 while 1 had @entity1600 @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We recommend that @entity1 in group A should have close follow-up or endoscopic treatment, while those in groups B, C, or D should be treated by gastrectomy associated with @entity1600 dissection.

2096043

2096044

2096045

Adrenal glands in XXXX major: magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features and correlation with iron stores.

multiple_choice

This study aimed at describing the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features of the adrenal glands in beta-thalassemic @entity1 and at investigating the relation between adrenal and @entity99 . Adrenal signal intensity (SI) was retrospectively assessed on abdominal MR studies of 35 @entity1 with @entity8674 major undergoing quantification of @entity99 and 12 healthy controls, using T1-(120/4/90), intermediate-(120/4/20), and T2*-(120/15/20) weighted GRE sequences. Adrenal SI was graded as grade 0 (normal SI on all sequences), grade 1 (hypointensity on T2* alone), or grade 2 (hypointensity on at least T2*). Adrenal size was measured in the thalassemic @entity1 and compared with normative data. Liver-to-muscle (L/M) SI ratios, expressing @entity99 , were estimated on each sequence. Serum ferritin levels were recorded. @entity774 (grades 1 and 2) was noted in 24/35 (68.6%) @entity1 . L/M ratios correlated significantly with adrenal SI in all sequences. @entity1 with grade 1 and grade 2 adrenal SI had significantly decreased L/M ratios compared with grade 0. Serum ferritin correlated significantly with L/M values but not with adrenal SI. Adrenal size was within normal limits. Diffuse hypointensity in normal-sized adrenals is a common MR finding in beta-thalassemic @entity1 and correlates with the degree of @entity99 .

2096046

2096047

2096048

Impact of XXXX on Mortality in @entity1 With @entity955 Stratified by Heart Failure: Findings From Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events in the Middle East.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 having @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with or without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not without controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of @entity6838 therapy on mortality stratified by @entity712 . METHODS: Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events was a prospective, multinational, observational registry of consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 recruited from the emergency department of 23 hospitals in 6 countries in the Middle East. @entity1 were recruited between October 2009 and June 2010 and followed up for 1 year after enrollment. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The study included a total of 1962 @entity1 with @entity955 , with an overall mean age of 56 16 years, and 52% (n = 1026) were males. At hospital discharge, @entity6838 was prescribed in 36% (n = 709) of the @entity1 , whereas @entity712 was present in 27% (n = 528) of the cohort. A total of 225 (12.1%) @entity1 died during the 12-month follow-up period after discharge (5.3% [n = 104] were lost to follow-up). @entity1 with @entity712 were consistently associated with higher mortality at 1 month (5.1% vs 2.1%; P < .001), 6 months (17.2% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), and 12 months (24.3% vs 7.6%; P < .001) when compared to those without @entity712 . When stratified by @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was associated with significantly higher mortality in those without @entity712 at 6 months (8.7% vs 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.07; P < .001) and 12 months (12.3% vs 6.0%; aOR, 4.22; P < .001) but not in those with @entity712 (6 months: 18.6% vs 14.7%; aOR, 1.62; P = .177 and 12 months: 25.4% vs 22.4%; aOR, 1.37; P = .317). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity712 , @entity6838 did not offer any survival advantages. However, in those without @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was, in fact, associated with significantly higher long-term mortality.

2096049

2096050

2096051

Impact of @entity6838 on Mortality in @entity1 With XXXX Stratified by Heart Failure: Findings From Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events in the Middle East.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 having @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with or without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not without controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of @entity6838 therapy on mortality stratified by @entity712 . METHODS: Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events was a prospective, multinational, observational registry of consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 recruited from the emergency department of 23 hospitals in 6 countries in the Middle East. @entity1 were recruited between October 2009 and June 2010 and followed up for 1 year after enrollment. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The study included a total of 1962 @entity1 with @entity955 , with an overall mean age of 56 16 years, and 52% (n = 1026) were males. At hospital discharge, @entity6838 was prescribed in 36% (n = 709) of the @entity1 , whereas @entity712 was present in 27% (n = 528) of the cohort. A total of 225 (12.1%) @entity1 died during the 12-month follow-up period after discharge (5.3% [n = 104] were lost to follow-up). @entity1 with @entity712 were consistently associated with higher mortality at 1 month (5.1% vs 2.1%; P < .001), 6 months (17.2% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), and 12 months (24.3% vs 7.6%; P < .001) when compared to those without @entity712 . When stratified by @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was associated with significantly higher mortality in those without @entity712 at 6 months (8.7% vs 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.07; P < .001) and 12 months (12.3% vs 6.0%; aOR, 4.22; P < .001) but not in those with @entity712 (6 months: 18.6% vs 14.7%; aOR, 1.62; P = .177 and 12 months: 25.4% vs 22.4%; aOR, 1.37; P = .317). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity712 , @entity6838 did not offer any survival advantages. However, in those without @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was, in fact, associated with significantly higher long-term mortality.

2096052

2096053

2096054

Impact of @entity6838 on Mortality in @entity1 With @entity955 Stratified by Heart Failure: Findings From Gulf Survey of XXXX Events in the Middle East.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 having @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with or without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not without controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of @entity6838 therapy on mortality stratified by @entity712 . METHODS: Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events was a prospective, multinational, observational registry of consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 recruited from the emergency department of 23 hospitals in 6 countries in the Middle East. @entity1 were recruited between October 2009 and June 2010 and followed up for 1 year after enrollment. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The study included a total of 1962 @entity1 with @entity955 , with an overall mean age of 56 16 years, and 52% (n = 1026) were males. At hospital discharge, @entity6838 was prescribed in 36% (n = 709) of the @entity1 , whereas @entity712 was present in 27% (n = 528) of the cohort. A total of 225 (12.1%) @entity1 died during the 12-month follow-up period after discharge (5.3% [n = 104] were lost to follow-up). @entity1 with @entity712 were consistently associated with higher mortality at 1 month (5.1% vs 2.1%; P < .001), 6 months (17.2% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), and 12 months (24.3% vs 7.6%; P < .001) when compared to those without @entity712 . When stratified by @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was associated with significantly higher mortality in those without @entity712 at 6 months (8.7% vs 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.07; P < .001) and 12 months (12.3% vs 6.0%; aOR, 4.22; P < .001) but not in those with @entity712 (6 months: 18.6% vs 14.7%; aOR, 1.62; P = .177 and 12 months: 25.4% vs 22.4%; aOR, 1.37; P = .317). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity712 , @entity6838 did not offer any survival advantages. However, in those without @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was, in fact, associated with significantly higher long-term mortality.

2096055

2096056

2096057

Impact of @entity6838 on Mortality in XXXX With @entity955 Stratified by Heart Failure: Findings From Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events in the Middle East.

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The use of @entity6838 in @entity1 having @entity955 ( @entity955 ) with or without @entity712 ( @entity712 ) is not without controversy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of @entity6838 therapy on mortality stratified by @entity712 . METHODS: Gulf Survey of @entity955 Events was a prospective, multinational, observational registry of consecutive @entity1 with @entity955 recruited from the emergency department of 23 hospitals in 6 countries in the Middle East. @entity1 were recruited between October 2009 and June 2010 and followed up for 1 year after enrollment. Analyses were performed using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. RESULTS: The study included a total of 1962 @entity1 with @entity955 , with an overall mean age of 56 16 years, and 52% (n = 1026) were males. At hospital discharge, @entity6838 was prescribed in 36% (n = 709) of the @entity1 , whereas @entity712 was present in 27% (n = 528) of the cohort. A total of 225 (12.1%) @entity1 died during the 12-month follow-up period after discharge (5.3% [n = 104] were lost to follow-up). @entity1 with @entity712 were consistently associated with higher mortality at 1 month (5.1% vs 2.1%; P < .001), 6 months (17.2% vs 5.0%; P < 0.001), and 12 months (24.3% vs 7.6%; P < .001) when compared to those without @entity712 . When stratified by @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was associated with significantly higher mortality in those without @entity712 at 6 months (8.7% vs 3.7%; adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 5.07; P < .001) and 12 months (12.3% vs 6.0%; aOR, 4.22; P < .001) but not in those with @entity712 (6 months: 18.6% vs 14.7%; aOR, 1.62; P = .177 and 12 months: 25.4% vs 22.4%; aOR, 1.37; P = .317). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity1 with @entity955 and @entity712 , @entity6838 did not offer any survival advantages. However, in those without @entity712 , @entity6838 therapy was, in fact, associated with significantly higher long-term mortality.

2096058

2096059

2096060

Haploidentical T Cell-Replete Transplantation with Post-Transplantation XXXX for @entity1 in or above the Sixth Decade of Age Compared with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from an Human Leukocyte Antigen-Matched Related or Unrelated Donor.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: It has recently been shown that a T cell-replete allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a haploidentical donor (haplo-ID) could be a valid treatment for @entity1583 . However, little data exist concerning older populations. We provided transplantation to 31 @entity1 over the age of 55 years from a haplo-ID and compared their outcomes with @entity1 of the same ages who underwent transplantation from a @entity16223 ( @entity16223 ) or an unrelated donor (UD). @entity5953 groups were comparable, except for their conditioning. @entity1 in haplo-ID group received 2 days of post-transplantation high-dose @entity786 followed by @entity205 and @entity618 , whereas @entity1 in other groups received pretransplantation antithymocyte globulin, @entity205 , and additional @entity6051 mofetil in case of 1-antigen mismatch. All @entity1 but 1 in the haplo-ID group engrafted. The incidence of grades 2 to 4 @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was not statistically different between recipients from haplo-ID (cumulative incidence, 23%) and @entity16223 (cumulative incidence, 21%) transplantations but it was lower than after UD HSCT (cumulative incidence, 44%). No @entity1 in the haplo-ID group developed severe chronic @entity2132 , compared with cumulative incidences of 16% and 14% after @entity16223 (P = .02) and UD (P = .03) grafts, respectively. The cumulative incidences of relapse were similar in the 3 groups, whereas nonrelapse mortality after UD HSCT was 3-fold higher than after haplo-ID or @entity16223 HSCT. Overall, 2-year overall survival (70%), progression-free survival (67%), and progression and severe chronic @entity2132 -free survival (67%) probabilities after haplo-ID did not statistically differ from @entity16223 transplantation (78%, 64%, and 51%, respectively), although they were higher than after UD transplantation (51% [P = .08], 38% [P = .02], and 31% [P = .007]). We conclude that T cell-replete haplo-ID HSCT followed by post-transplantation high-dose- @entity786 in @entity1 over 55 years is associated with promising results, similar to @entity16223 HSCT, and is deserving prospective evaluation.

2096061

2096062

2096063

Haploidentical T Cell-Replete Transplantation with Post-Transplantation @entity786 for XXXX in or above the Sixth Decade of Age Compared with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation from an Human Leukocyte Antigen-Matched Related or Unrelated Donor.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: It has recently been shown that a T cell-replete allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a haploidentical donor (haplo-ID) could be a valid treatment for @entity1583 . However, little data exist concerning older populations. We provided transplantation to 31 @entity1 over the age of 55 years from a haplo-ID and compared their outcomes with @entity1 of the same ages who underwent transplantation from a @entity16223 ( @entity16223 ) or an unrelated donor (UD). @entity5953 groups were comparable, except for their conditioning. @entity1 in haplo-ID group received 2 days of post-transplantation high-dose @entity786 followed by @entity205 and @entity618 , whereas @entity1 in other groups received pretransplantation antithymocyte globulin, @entity205 , and additional @entity6051 mofetil in case of 1-antigen mismatch. All @entity1 but 1 in the haplo-ID group engrafted. The incidence of grades 2 to 4 @entity2132 ( @entity2132 ) was not statistically different between recipients from haplo-ID (cumulative incidence, 23%) and @entity16223 (cumulative incidence, 21%) transplantations but it was lower than after UD HSCT (cumulative incidence, 44%). No @entity1 in the haplo-ID group developed severe chronic @entity2132 , compared with cumulative incidences of 16% and 14% after @entity16223 (P = .02) and UD (P = .03) grafts, respectively. The cumulative incidences of relapse were similar in the 3 groups, whereas nonrelapse mortality after UD HSCT was 3-fold higher than after haplo-ID or @entity16223 HSCT. Overall, 2-year overall survival (70%), progression-free survival (67%), and progression and severe chronic @entity2132 -free survival (67%) probabilities after haplo-ID did not statistically differ from @entity16223 transplantation (78%, 64%, and 51%, respectively), although they were higher than after UD transplantation (51% [P = .08], 38% [P = .02], and 31% [P = .007]). We conclude that T cell-replete haplo-ID HSCT followed by post-transplantation high-dose- @entity786 in @entity1 over 55 years is associated with promising results, similar to @entity16223 HSCT, and is deserving prospective evaluation.

2096064

2096065

2096066

Altered purinergic receptor- @entity141 signaling associated with XXXX -induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity519 is a feature of the microenvironment of many @entity5 and can trigger @entity361 ( @entity361 ), a process by which cells acquire a more invasive phenotype with enriched survival. A remodeling of @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-induced @entity141 signaling via purinergic receptors is associated with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells. Here, we assessed @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signaling in a model of @entity519 -induced @entity361 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Like EGF, @entity519 treatment (1% @entity3612 ) was also associated with a significant reduction in the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to @entity855 (EC50 of 0.5 M for normoxic cells versus EC50 of 5.8 M for @entity519 cells). Assessment of mRNA levels of a panel of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors following @entity519 revealed a change in levels of a suite of purinergic receptors. @entity9895 , @entity27401 , @entity9896 , @entity15094 and @entity23462 mRNAs decreased with @entity519 , whereas @entity18141 mRNA increased. Up-regulation of @entity18141 was a common feature of both growth factor- and @entity519 -induced models of @entity361 . @entity18141 levels were also significantly @entity0 compared to other subtypes and @entity0 @entity1 with higher @entity18141 levels showed reduced overall survival rates. @entity18141 siRNA-mediated silencing and the @entity18141 pharmacological inhibitor @entity38730 reduced @entity519 -induced @entity2277 protein expression in MDA-MB-468 cells. @entity18141 inhibition also reduced the @entity0 cells. The up-regulation of @entity18141 appears to be a common feature of the mesenchymal phenotype of @entity0 cells and inhibition of this receptor may represent a novel therapeutic target in @entity0 metastasis.

2096067

2096068

2096069

Altered purinergic receptor- XXXX signaling associated with @entity519 -induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity519 is a feature of the microenvironment of many @entity5 and can trigger @entity361 ( @entity361 ), a process by which cells acquire a more invasive phenotype with enriched survival. A remodeling of @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-induced @entity141 signaling via purinergic receptors is associated with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells. Here, we assessed @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signaling in a model of @entity519 -induced @entity361 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Like EGF, @entity519 treatment (1% @entity3612 ) was also associated with a significant reduction in the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to @entity855 (EC50 of 0.5 M for normoxic cells versus EC50 of 5.8 M for @entity519 cells). Assessment of mRNA levels of a panel of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors following @entity519 revealed a change in levels of a suite of purinergic receptors. @entity9895 , @entity27401 , @entity9896 , @entity15094 and @entity23462 mRNAs decreased with @entity519 , whereas @entity18141 mRNA increased. Up-regulation of @entity18141 was a common feature of both growth factor- and @entity519 -induced models of @entity361 . @entity18141 levels were also significantly @entity0 compared to other subtypes and @entity0 @entity1 with higher @entity18141 levels showed reduced overall survival rates. @entity18141 siRNA-mediated silencing and the @entity18141 pharmacological inhibitor @entity38730 reduced @entity519 -induced @entity2277 protein expression in MDA-MB-468 cells. @entity18141 inhibition also reduced the @entity0 cells. The up-regulation of @entity18141 appears to be a common feature of the mesenchymal phenotype of @entity0 cells and inhibition of this receptor may represent a novel therapeutic target in @entity0 metastasis.

2096070

2096071

2096072

Altered purinergic receptor- @entity141 signaling associated with @entity519 -induced @entity361 in XXXX cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity519 is a feature of the microenvironment of many @entity5 and can trigger @entity361 ( @entity361 ), a process by which cells acquire a more invasive phenotype with enriched survival. A remodeling of @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-induced @entity141 signaling via purinergic receptors is associated with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells. Here, we assessed @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signaling in a model of @entity519 -induced @entity361 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Like EGF, @entity519 treatment (1% @entity3612 ) was also associated with a significant reduction in the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to @entity855 (EC50 of 0.5 M for normoxic cells versus EC50 of 5.8 M for @entity519 cells). Assessment of mRNA levels of a panel of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors following @entity519 revealed a change in levels of a suite of purinergic receptors. @entity9895 , @entity27401 , @entity9896 , @entity15094 and @entity23462 mRNAs decreased with @entity519 , whereas @entity18141 mRNA increased. Up-regulation of @entity18141 was a common feature of both growth factor- and @entity519 -induced models of @entity361 . @entity18141 levels were also significantly @entity0 compared to other subtypes and @entity0 @entity1 with higher @entity18141 levels showed reduced overall survival rates. @entity18141 siRNA-mediated silencing and the @entity18141 pharmacological inhibitor @entity38730 reduced @entity519 -induced @entity2277 protein expression in MDA-MB-468 cells. @entity18141 inhibition also reduced the @entity0 cells. The up-regulation of @entity18141 appears to be a common feature of the mesenchymal phenotype of @entity0 cells and inhibition of this receptor may represent a novel therapeutic target in @entity0 metastasis.

2096073

2096074

2096075

Altered purinergic receptor- @entity141 signaling associated with @entity519 -induced XXXX in @entity0 cells.

multiple_choice

UNASSIGNED: @entity519 is a feature of the microenvironment of many @entity5 and can trigger @entity361 ( @entity361 ), a process by which cells acquire a more invasive phenotype with enriched survival. A remodeling of @entity6883 ( @entity855 )-induced @entity141 signaling via purinergic receptors is associated with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced @entity361 in @entity0 cells. Here, we assessed @entity855 -mediated @entity141 signaling in a model of @entity519 -induced @entity361 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Like EGF, @entity519 treatment (1% @entity3612 ) was also associated with a significant reduction in the sensitivity of MDA-MB-468 cells to @entity855 (EC50 of 0.5 M for normoxic cells versus EC50 of 5.8 M for @entity519 cells). Assessment of mRNA levels of a panel of P2X and P2Y purinergic receptors following @entity519 revealed a change in levels of a suite of purinergic receptors. @entity9895 , @entity27401 , @entity9896 , @entity15094 and @entity23462 mRNAs decreased with @entity519 , whereas @entity18141 mRNA increased. Up-regulation of @entity18141 was a common feature of both growth factor- and @entity519 -induced models of @entity361 . @entity18141 levels were also significantly @entity0 compared to other subtypes and @entity0 @entity1 with higher @entity18141 levels showed reduced overall survival rates. @entity18141 siRNA-mediated silencing and the @entity18141 pharmacological inhibitor @entity38730 reduced @entity519 -induced @entity2277 protein expression in MDA-MB-468 cells. @entity18141 inhibition also reduced the @entity0 cells. The up-regulation of @entity18141 appears to be a common feature of the mesenchymal phenotype of @entity0 cells and inhibition of this receptor may represent a novel therapeutic target in @entity0 metastasis.

2096076

2096077

2096078

The Appropriate Surgical Approach to a Greater Petrosal Nerve Schwannoma in the Setting of Temporal Lobe XXXX .

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: @entity2103 are rare lesions that constitute only 0.8% of all intrapetrous mass lesions. The least frequent lesions are @entity5 originating in the greater petrosal nerve (GPN). We present a case of a @entity10266 with @entity2657 in which the @entity1 was operated on using an extradural and intradural approach to prevent complications. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 66-year-old @entity1 with vertigo and abnormal magnetic resonance imaging findings was referred to our department. Computed tomography scan revealed an isodense subtemporal mass with partial rim @entity730 and petrosal bone apex erosion. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed a 22-mm left middle fossa lesion with heterogeneous enhancement and @entity4 of the temporal lobe. A left temporal craniotomy to the middle fossa was performed. The initial extradural exploration revealed the @entity5 to be in the Glasscock triangle, mainly involving the location of the GPN. The @entity5 was removed through an intradural approach in piecemeal fashion. Finally, using an extradural and intradural middle fossa approach, the @entity5 was totally removed, leaving the capsule on the middle fossa floor with continuous facial nerve monitoring. The postoperative course was uneventful without complications of @entity7560 and @entity3541 . CONCLUSIONS: GPN @entity808 are very rare lesions. The extradural and intradural middle fossa approach was used to preserve the @entity5 capsule around the GPN. Using this technique, one can safely protect the geniculate ganglion and the GPN.

2096079

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2096081

Enlargement of the Internal Auditory Canal and Hearing Preservation in the Middle Fossa Approach for Intracanalicular XXXX .

multiple_choice

OBJECTIVE: The @entity2172 ( @entity2172 ) approach is one of the treatment options for @entity1 with @entity5513 . This study investigated whether enlargement of the internal auditory canal (IAC) represents a risk factor for @entity393 in the @entity2172 approach. METHODS: @entity1 comprised 48 @entity1 who underwent resection of @entity5513 using the @entity2172 approach at Nagoya City University Hospital. In this retrospective case review, the shape of the IAC on the affected side was compared with the normal side by coronal reconstruction computed tomography images. A difference of >1 mm was judged as IAC enlargement. @entity1 were classified into 4 groups: NE, no enlargement; SE, superior enlargement; IE, inferior enlargement; and BE, both superior and inferior enlargement. In addition, pure-tone average (PTA) and speech discrimination score (SDS) were estimated before and after surgery to evaluate hearing. RESULTS: Hearing preservation (PTA <=50 dB; SDS >= 50%) was seen in 96% (21/22), 100% (3/3), 50% (8/16), and 29% (2/7) in the NE, SE, IE, and BE groups, respectively. A significant difference in hearing preservation was seen between cases without IE (NE and SE) and cases with IE (IE and BE) (P < 0.0001). IE of the IAC was identified as an independent risk factor for @entity393 by logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 32.0; 95% confidence interval, 4.2-783.6). CONCLUSIONS: Enlargement of the IAC on coronal reconstruction computed tomography scan before surgery can predict hearing preservation using the @entity2172 approach. @entity1 without IE may represent good surgical candidates for the @entity2172 approach.

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2096084

Evaluation of Study and @entity1 Characteristics of Clinical Studies in XXXX : A Systematic Review.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: So far, clinical studies in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints. To some extent this might be attributable to the choice of assessments or to the selection of the study population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify outcome influencing factors by analyzing the design and methods of previous randomized studies in @entity15 @entity1 without restriction to intervention or comparator. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and the COCHRANE Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to February 2015). Keywords included @entity15 , primary progressive @entity15 and @entity19383 . Randomized, controlled trials of at least one year's duration were selected if they included only @entity1 with @entity15 or if they reported sufficient @entity15 subgroup data. No restrictions with respect to intervention or comparator were applied. Study quality was assessed by a biometrics expert. Relevant baseline characteristics and outcomes were extracted and compared. RESULTS: Of 52 @entity15 studies identified, four were selected. Inclusion criteria were notably different among studies with respect to both the definition of @entity15 and the requirements for the presence of disability progression at enrolment. Differences between the study populations included the baseline lesion load, pretreatment status and disease duration. The rate of disease progression may also be an important factor, as all but one of the studies included a large proportion of @entity1 with a low progression rate. In addition, the endpoints specified could not detect progression adequately. CONCLUSION: Optimal @entity15 study methods involve appropriate @entity1 selection, especially regarding the @entity15 phenotype and progression rate. Functional composite endpoints might be more sensitive than single endpoints in capturing progression.

2096085

2096086

2096087

Evaluation of Study and XXXX Characteristics of Clinical Studies in @entity19383 : A Systematic Review.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: So far, clinical studies in @entity15 ( @entity15 ) have failed to meet their primary efficacy endpoints. To some extent this might be attributable to the choice of assessments or to the selection of the study population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify outcome influencing factors by analyzing the design and methods of previous randomized studies in @entity15 @entity1 without restriction to intervention or comparator. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and the COCHRANE Central Register of Controlled Trials (inception to February 2015). Keywords included @entity15 , primary progressive @entity15 and @entity19383 . Randomized, controlled trials of at least one year's duration were selected if they included only @entity1 with @entity15 or if they reported sufficient @entity15 subgroup data. No restrictions with respect to intervention or comparator were applied. Study quality was assessed by a biometrics expert. Relevant baseline characteristics and outcomes were extracted and compared. RESULTS: Of 52 @entity15 studies identified, four were selected. Inclusion criteria were notably different among studies with respect to both the definition of @entity15 and the requirements for the presence of disability progression at enrolment. Differences between the study populations included the baseline lesion load, pretreatment status and disease duration. The rate of disease progression may also be an important factor, as all but one of the studies included a large proportion of @entity1 with a low progression rate. In addition, the endpoints specified could not detect progression adequately. CONCLUSION: Optimal @entity15 study methods involve appropriate @entity1 selection, especially regarding the @entity15 phenotype and progression rate. Functional composite endpoints might be more sensitive than single endpoints in capturing progression.

2096088

2096089

2096090

Caregiver treatment satisfaction is improved together with @entity1 's XXXX control: Prospective study for budesonide monotherapy in school-aged @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity565 symptoms.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: If asthmatic @entity1 cannot obtain sufficient control of their disease, not only do they suffer from @entity565 symptoms, but the daily life activities of their caregivers are also disrupted. We investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for symptom control in previously ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study on 12-week ICS (budesonide Turbuhaler( )) monotherapy was undertaken in subjects aged 5-15 years with @entity565 not treated with ICS during the previous 3 months. At 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after start of ICS administration, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) scores, and @entity34 scores were summated and lung function measured. At weeks 0 and 12, questionnaires on caregiver @entity148 were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled, and 69 assessed. Ninety percent of subjects had been treated with @entity565 controller medication except ICS before study enrollment. JPAC score and @entity34 score were improved significantly at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p < 0.001). With regard to @entity34 , more than half of caregivers showed a perfect score at weeks 8 and 12. There was a significant correlation between JPAC score and @entity34 score. Lung function and caregiver @entity148 were also improved, and good compliance with treatment was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: If treating ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 with uncontrolled symptoms, ICS monotherapy can improve @entity34 along with improving @entity565 control.

2096091

2096092

2096093

Caregiver treatment satisfaction is improved together with @entity1 's @entity565 control: Prospective study for budesonide monotherapy in school-aged @entity1 with uncontrolled XXXX symptoms.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: If asthmatic @entity1 cannot obtain sufficient control of their disease, not only do they suffer from @entity565 symptoms, but the daily life activities of their caregivers are also disrupted. We investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for symptom control in previously ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study on 12-week ICS (budesonide Turbuhaler( )) monotherapy was undertaken in subjects aged 5-15 years with @entity565 not treated with ICS during the previous 3 months. At 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after start of ICS administration, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) scores, and @entity34 scores were summated and lung function measured. At weeks 0 and 12, questionnaires on caregiver @entity148 were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled, and 69 assessed. Ninety percent of subjects had been treated with @entity565 controller medication except ICS before study enrollment. JPAC score and @entity34 score were improved significantly at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p < 0.001). With regard to @entity34 , more than half of caregivers showed a perfect score at weeks 8 and 12. There was a significant correlation between JPAC score and @entity34 score. Lung function and caregiver @entity148 were also improved, and good compliance with treatment was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: If treating ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 with uncontrolled symptoms, ICS monotherapy can improve @entity34 along with improving @entity565 control.

2096094

2096095

2096096

Caregiver treatment satisfaction is improved together with XXXX 's @entity565 control: Prospective study for budesonide monotherapy in school-aged @entity1 with uncontrolled @entity565 symptoms.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: If asthmatic @entity1 cannot obtain sufficient control of their disease, not only do they suffer from @entity565 symptoms, but the daily life activities of their caregivers are also disrupted. We investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for symptom control in previously ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study on 12-week ICS (budesonide Turbuhaler( )) monotherapy was undertaken in subjects aged 5-15 years with @entity565 not treated with ICS during the previous 3 months. At 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after start of ICS administration, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) scores, and @entity34 scores were summated and lung function measured. At weeks 0 and 12, questionnaires on caregiver @entity148 were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled, and 69 assessed. Ninety percent of subjects had been treated with @entity565 controller medication except ICS before study enrollment. JPAC score and @entity34 score were improved significantly at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p < 0.001). With regard to @entity34 , more than half of caregivers showed a perfect score at weeks 8 and 12. There was a significant correlation between JPAC score and @entity34 score. Lung function and caregiver @entity148 were also improved, and good compliance with treatment was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: If treating ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 with uncontrolled symptoms, ICS monotherapy can improve @entity34 along with improving @entity565 control.

2096097

2096098

2096099

Caregiver treatment satisfaction is improved together with @entity1 's @entity565 control: Prospective study for budesonide monotherapy in school-aged XXXX with uncontrolled @entity565 symptoms.

multiple_choice

BACKGROUND: If asthmatic @entity1 cannot obtain sufficient control of their disease, not only do they suffer from @entity565 symptoms, but the daily life activities of their caregivers are also disrupted. We investigated the effectiveness of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for symptom control in previously ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 as well as @entity34 ( @entity34 ). METHODS: A multicenter, open-label, single-arm study on 12-week ICS (budesonide Turbuhaler( )) monotherapy was undertaken in subjects aged 5-15 years with @entity565 not treated with ICS during the previous 3 months. At 0, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after start of ICS administration, Japanese Pediatric Asthma Control Program (JPAC) scores, and @entity34 scores were summated and lung function measured. At weeks 0 and 12, questionnaires on caregiver @entity148 were also assessed. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity1 were enrolled, and 69 assessed. Ninety percent of subjects had been treated with @entity565 controller medication except ICS before study enrollment. JPAC score and @entity34 score were improved significantly at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (p < 0.001). With regard to @entity34 , more than half of caregivers showed a perfect score at weeks 8 and 12. There was a significant correlation between JPAC score and @entity34 score. Lung function and caregiver @entity148 were also improved, and good compliance with treatment was observed during the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: If treating ICS-untreated school-aged asthmatic @entity1 with uncontrolled symptoms, ICS monotherapy can improve @entity34 along with improving @entity565 control.