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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم أبناء الطلبة والطالبات أهلا
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وسهلا بكم جميعا إن شاء الله اليوم سوف نتحدث عن
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المحاضرة الثانية وهي بعنوان ال school health اللي
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هي الصحة المدرسية في البداية نجي ل first ال
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definition of school health يعني الآن لو أنا بدي
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أعرف إيش معناة الصحة المدرسيةالصحة المدرسية يعني
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التعريف الأمثل إلى طبعا لعدة تعريف لكن التعريف
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الأفضل إلى اللي هي all activities يعني كل النشاطات
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that promote students physical emotional and
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social development all activities that promote
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student physical أيش بقصد في promote student
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physical يعني we should assessالطفل وممكن نعمل
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assessment للطفل from head to toe or according to
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body system يعني to assess his neurological
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system، cardiovascular system، respiratory system،
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gastrointestinal system، urinary system،
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musculoskeletal system، integumental system and
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etcالهدف من الـ Assessment هذا To identify
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student's problems وهذا فعلا اللي بنعمله في الصحة
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المدرسية أول ما يخش الطالب اللي هو المدرسة
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الإبتدائية الصف الأول فعندما أقول definition of
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school health هو عبارة عن all activities that
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promote student physical emotional، إيش بقصد
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emotional؟ We should teach that childto feel
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empathy towards other students أيش يعني to feel
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empathy towards other students يعني to understand
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the feelings and emotions of othersلكن لا يريد
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الطفل أن يشعر بالمشاركة لطفل أخر لأن المشاركة هي
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المشاركة بالشعور والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس
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والإحساس والإحساس والإحساس والemotional and social
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development ايش بقصد في ال social development يعني
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we should teach the child to communicate with
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other children طب ايش الهدف من ال communication
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with other children يعني to engage the child with
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other student طب ايش الهدف من ال engagement of the
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child with other student to prevent autismوهذا
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موضوع مهم كثير الآن وإيش تعريف الـ Autism؟ الـ
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Autism هو عبارة عن Psychiatric Disorder
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Characterized by Social Isolation يعني زي ما
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هشايفيه التعريف المبسط لل school health All
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activities that promote student physical emotional
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and social development
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نذهب الآن لمصطلح اسمه Coordinated School Health
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Program What's the Coordinated School Health
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Program؟ الـ Coordinated School Health Program
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اللي نقصد فيه الـ Coordinated School Health
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Program اللي involvement of family and community
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in all students activitiesيعني بكل النشاطات اللي
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بيكون فيها الطفل هذه أو احنا ك school health team
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اللي بنعمله لل child we should involve the family
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and community in all of the students activities
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وهذا بيسموه coordinated school health program يعني
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we should involve the family and community in all
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school health program طب ايش هم ال school health
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program ال school health program همالـ Health
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Education Program الـ Physical Education Program
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الـ Nutritional Services Program الـ Health
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Services الـ Psychological and Social Counseling
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الـ Health Promotion الـ Family and Community
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Involvement هدول كل الـ School Health Program لما
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أنا أقول Coordinated School Health Program يعني We
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should involve the family and community in all of
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the School Health Program أو in all students
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activities طيب
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المجال لل school health significant في ناس كتير
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بيسألوا يعني ليش احنا بندرس الصحة المدرسية؟ ايش
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اهميته ان احنا نتعرف على الصحة المدرسية؟ هل مهم
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نتعرف على الصحة المدرسية؟ ما هنقصد في الصحة
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المدرسية على الأطفال ال children هل مهم ان احنا
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نهتم بالأطفال نعلّيها الدرجة هذه ونتحدث عن موضوع
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ال school health و إيه الأخر الشغلات اللي لها
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علاقة بالأطفال نعم مهمة ليش؟ أول شيء الاطفال our
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future عشان هيك significant الاطفال our future
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الاطفال represent one third to one half of our
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population الاطفال they are the most common group
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forأو the most common risk group for disease هما
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والـ Elderly عشان هيك مهم ندرس ال children طب ليش
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كمان؟ لإن ال children spend most of their time at
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school يعني بجدوا ال children معظم واجدهم في ال
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school عشان هيك because of that they are at risk
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for health hazard عشان هيك مهم جدا اللي هو ندرس
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الصحة المدرسية و نتعرف على الصحة المدرسيةنجي الأن
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للـ Objectives of the School Health Program يعني
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باختصار، نحن لدينا ثلاثة Objectives أو ثلاثة هدف
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للـ School Health Program أول Objective من الـ
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School Health Program هو الانتجاب للمرض بسرعة
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ممكنة أول ميجر أطفال في الصف الأول في المدرسة
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الإبتدائيةطبعاً لما نجي نعمله Screening Test إيش
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الهدف منه؟ To identify the disease as early as
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possible فأول هدف من أهداف الـ School Health
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Program To identify the disease as early as
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possible طبعا إحنا عارفين it's good to prevent
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disease than to treat disease itself and it's good
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to treat disease than to treat complications of
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disease فأول هدف من الصحة المدرسية To identify the
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disease as early as possible among childrenإتنين
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الهدف التاني to control communicable disease
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transmission to control communicable disease
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transmission from school to home or from home to
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schoolوالتالت الهي الـ Objective to increase
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students awareness about healthy behavior يعني we
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should increase student awareness about healthy
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behavior يعني we should teach the student about
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changing unhealthy behavior to healthy behavior
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هدول ال main three objectives of the school health
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الأن نتكلم عن اللي هو ال basic componentof the
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school health program الـ Basic component of the
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school health program هم تلت أشياء طبعا هتكلم طويل
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على ال coordinated school health program حكينا
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أشياء كتير حكينا منها ال physical education وال
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health education و ال nutrition servicesو Social
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and Psychological Counsel و الـ Health Promotion
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إيه الأخرى؟ لكن يا حميد، كلمة بالقارة على الـ
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Basic Component أهم School Health Program هم تلاتة
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الـ School Health Services اتنين الـ Health
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Education تلاتة اللي هم الـ Healthful School ديأول
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واحد هنتكلم عنه اللي هو الـ School Health Services
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هذا الـ first component of the school health
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program إيش هي ال school health services؟ بتتكون
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من أربع أشياء هنتحدث عنها أول واحدة اللي هي
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comprehensive medical examination تاني واحدة هتكلم
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عنها ال screening test والتالتةالـ Health Record
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School والرابعة الـ Preventive Aspect نجي لأول
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واحدة ونتكلم عنها من ضمن الـ School Health
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Services الـ Comprehensive Medical Examination نجي
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زي ما حكينا على الـ Comprehensive Medical
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Examination هذا أول عنصر من عناصر الـ School
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Health Services يعني هنتكلم عن الـ Basic Component
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of School Health Program تمام؟ أول شيءفي الـ Basic
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component of the school health program اللي ال
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school health services تحتها بيجي أربع أشياء أول
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شغل ال comprehensive medical examination طبعا ال
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comprehensive medical examination done four times
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at primary school يعني في المدرسة الإبتدائية أو
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المرحلة الإبتدائية تحت الطفل بنعمل ال
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comprehensive medical examination أربع مرات the
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first time at primary school entered the second
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time at mid primary schoolschool period the third
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time at the preparatory school and the fourth time
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at the secondary school فبنعمل ال comprehensive
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medical examination four times during primary
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school وهذا الهدف منه زي ما حكينا to identify the
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disease as early as possible
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تمام نيجي لجزئية تانية اول واحدة ال comprehensive
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medical examination تاني واحدة ال screening test
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طبعا ال screening test done forللـ Child for
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growth and development for visual acuity for
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hearing acuity for dental examination for
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intelligent tests and some laboratory tests like
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urine analysis, stool analysis أو blood analysis
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يعني الجزء اللي اتكلمنا عنهم اللي اول واحدة
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comprehensive medical examination under school
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health services اتنين screening test تلاتة اللي هي
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health record schoolبالنسبة للـ Health Record
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School Each child should have a health file at
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school كل طفل لازم يكون له health file طب ليش مهم
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ال health file؟ مهم على الأقل نعرف ال personal
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data ال home address ال age ال gender ال family
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history تمام ال mother work ال father work كل
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أشياء ال personal data السكن تبع مكان السكن ال
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mobile numberتحتاج طبعاً والده أو أمه لازم نعرف
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الـ telephone number كل الأمور هذه الـ personal
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data لازم نعرفها تحت الطفل ومتكون موجودة بالـ
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health file بتاعة الطفل في المدرسة يعني أهم شيء
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بالـ health record school أنه each student should
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have a health file at school ال health file بحتوى
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على ال personal dataبحتوى ع ال result of medical
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examination طبعا قلنا ال medical examination done
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four times at school مش هيكم؟ الآن ال result of ال
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medical examination إيش لجينا؟ و هنعمل ال
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assessment للطفل from head to toe أو according to
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body system كل النتائج هي بتتلحق بال school health
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file ال immunization schedule اللي هو جدول
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التطبيقات التابعة اللي بياخده لازم يكون موجود في
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المدرسةإذا الطفل عنده History of Previous Disease،
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History of Surgery، History of Injury أو History
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of Hospitalization أو History of Infectious
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Disease لازم نعرف ويكون مسجل بالـ الـ Health File
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بتاع الطفل التسكينالرابع واحدة اللي هي الـ
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Preventive Aspect و الـ Preventive Aspect الـ
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Preventive Aspect الأولانية Prevention and control
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of communicable disease transmission from home to
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school and from school to home و ال Prevention of
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accident it's good to prevent accidentBut if
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accident occurs at least we should have a room for
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first aid يعني على الأقل إذا تكون في غرفة في
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المدرسة ممكن نقدر نعمل فيها إسعاف أولى و تكون فيها
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ال basic need للإسعاف أولى زي مثلا اللاجئ فيها
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بالغرفة اللي زي ال splint ال cotton الجوز الجوز
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bandage ال antiseptic solution ال elastic bandage
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IV solution ال cannula ممكن كمان يكون فيه قاعة
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school to move that child fromschool to the
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hospital هدولة الأربع شغلات اللي حكينا عنهم اللي
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هما ال school health services
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نذهب الآن للـ domain التاني للـ basic component of
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the school health program لأن أول domain كان ال
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school health services تاني domain اللي هو ال
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health education بالنسبة لل health education we
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should teach the student about a mode of
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transmission of disease from home to school and
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from school to home and also we should teach the
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students aboutالعامة الصحية لتغيير العامة الصحية
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لعامة الصحية هدول ال two things we should educate
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the student in health education health education
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about about the mode of transmission of disease
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from home to school and from school to home and
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the second one to change unhealthy behavior from
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unhealthy behavior to healthy behavior
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نذهب الآن للـ Third Domain Of The Basic Component
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Of The School Health Program اللي هو الـ Healthful
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School Day الـ Healthful School Day اللي هو اليوم
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الصحي المدرسي Not Include Only Education هو مش
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Education بس لازم يكون كله تعليمي But Also It
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Should Include Physical Education Emotional
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Climate And Food Services وهذه الأشياء بتنطق بين
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المحاضرات يعني بيكون فيه ترفيه ما بين المحاضرات
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يعني Not Only Include Education مش كله علميعني
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كيميا، فيزيا، عرب بالتاريخ، لأ لازم يكون بينه
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محاضرات، شغلات، ترفيهية هذا المقصود فيه الـ Health
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Philosophy اللي هي not only include education but
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include اللي هي physical education emotional
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climate and food services between the classes
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نذهب الآن للـ «Hazard of unhealthy school
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environment» هل في مشاكل ممكن تصييل للأطفال إذا
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كان أو مخاطر تصييل للأطفال من الـ «unhealthy
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school environment»؟ ممكن، يعني على سبيل المثال لـ
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«crowded» في الصف، لو كان في «crowded» في الصف بين
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الأطفال، هذا بيعمل «easy for communicable disease
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transmission» لو كان فيها إن «inadequate light»،
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عدم كفاية الإضاءة، ممكن يعمل «visual impairment»
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ممكن لو كان فيه هنا inconvenience disk ممكن يعمل
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low back pain ممكن لو كان فيه هنا decrease
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ventilation يعمل lack of achievement فهذه المخاطر
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تاعة الـ unhealthy school environment فلازم ال
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school environment تكون دائماً healthy نجي الآن لل
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school health problems أكتر school health problems
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بيصير بين الأطفال في المدارس اللي هو معروفين يا
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إما deficiency diseasesيا إما infectious disease
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يا إما parasitic disease يعني يا إما deficiency
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disease يا infectious disease يا إما parasitic
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disease زي إيش ال deficiency disease يعني mainly
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ال children they have deficiency disease زي إيش زي
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ال iron زي ال iron deficiency anemia
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protein deficiency, dental caries, vitamin A
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deficiency and rickets طبعا هذه الأشياء أو الـ
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main deficiency disease of care among children at
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school stage أو at school period يمكن هيك تبلي
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predisposing factors يعني إيش العوامل بتساعد على
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ال deficiency disease؟ في عوامل كتيرة لكن خليني
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أقول أكتر عوامل في خطاعة غزة ممكن تؤدي لل
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deficiency diseases هي شغل تاني يا إماالـ Low
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-Income والتانية Malnutrition، يا Low-Income يا
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Mal-Innutrition والتانيتين اللي معلاقة بعض، وهدول
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من ال mainly predisposing factor للـ Deficiency
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Disease صحيح، المكتوب Inadequate Nutrition Low
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-Income، المكتوب Nutritional Ignorance، بس مظننيش
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عنها حسب البيئة بتاعتناوالسلوك تبعنا إنه ماظنّيش
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في عيننا nutritional ignorance لكن أكتر شغلات
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predisposing factor أو risk factor لـ deficiency
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disease اللي هي الـ malnutrition and low income
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تمام،
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هذا بالنسبة لـ deficiency disease واتكلمنا على الـ
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main two risk factors of deficiency disease اللي
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قلنا عنهم malnutrition وقلنا عنهم low income لكن
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المهم الآنhow to prevent deficiency disease to
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prevent deficiency disease في الحقيقة في program
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معمول في أوروبا وهذا ال program بيسموه ال school
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feeding program وهذا ال school feeding program
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جربنا احنا نعمله في عام على ما اعتقد في عام 2010
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-2012 لكن ما استمرش او مانجحش لكن هذا ال school
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feeding program فعلا جيد بالنسبة للـ deficiency
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عشان ما نقولش السبب أو الـ risk factor للـ
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deficiency disease اللي هو malnutrition أو
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nutritional ignorance أو low income ممكن نعمل ..
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هم بيعملوا برا ال school feeding program أيش عن ال
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school feeding program؟ يعني they offer one meal
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for children daily and this meal should include
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هذه الميل اللي بيعطوها للأطفال لازم تحتوي على
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vitamin A وB وC وD Eليش طبعا Vitamin A؟ Vitamin A
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to prevent visual problem Vitamin B to provide
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energy to the children زي ما حشفينها Vitamin C to
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maintain healthy tissue Vitamin D to help building
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bone Vitamin E to maintain healthy skin يعني
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بيستخدموا ال program اللي هو school feeding
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programوهذا البرنامج يحتوي على خمس فيتامين فيتامين
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A,B,C,D,E لكي تمنع المخاطر الطبية
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نجي الآن لل infectious disease طبعا هنا في خطأ
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بالكتابة infectious disease طبعا هذه تاني اللي هو
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school health problems اول واحد deficiency
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diseases تاني واحد infectious disease تالت واحد
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parasitic disease ال infectious disease و ال
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parasitic disease كمان الصحيح يعني ال main causes
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او ال main two things that cause infectious
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disease and parasitic disease هم شغلتانيا إما الـ
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Unhealthy School Environment زي الـ Contaminated
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Water و Contaminated Food يا إما الـ Unhealthy
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Behavior Among Children وفعلا هدوئي الشغلتين
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الاتنين هم اللي بيعملوا Infectious Disease أكتر
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شغلة و Parasitic Disease طب How To Prevent
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Infectious Disease و Parasitic Disease أول شغلة
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عكس الـ Causes اللي هي Provide Safe Food و Provide
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Safe Drink و Health Education To The Children
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Aboutit's changing unhealthy behavior to healthy
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behavior طبعا
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هنا في بعض ال studies أنا جبتها فيها عملها ناس
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تانين وفيها أنا عملت بعض الدراسات اللي اللي علاقة
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بال school health يعني ناس كتير زي ما حكينا بتسأل
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إيش أهمية ال school health program يعني هاي بعض
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هاي مثال أول مثال على study معمولة على أهمية ال
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school health programوهذه الاستدارة معمولة في
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Onorawa في الوكالة كانت معمولة على Screening Study
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of New Entrant Medical Examination among Onorawa
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School في عام 2006 و 2007 دخل حوالي 49 ألف طالب
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جديد مدارس الوكالة منهم 24 ألف girls و منهم 23 ألف
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boys شوفوا ال screening test اللي انعمل إيش طلع
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معناه طلع النتائج هذه حسب وكالة الغوث يعنيدينتال
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كاريز 47% عند الأطفال جينجيفايتس
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3.8% 96% student with fluorosis
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reported in 17 children ففعلًا هذا المهم إنه نعمل
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screening test for the children لأول ما يخشوا
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المدارس اللي قلنا بنعمل screening test أربع مرات
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خلال المرحلة الإبتدائية مرتين في المرحلة
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الإبتدائية ومرة في المرحلة الإعدادية ومرة في
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المرحلة الثانوية يعني أربع مرات بنعمل خلال فترة
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الدراسة مرتين في المدرسة الإبتدائية مرة في
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الإعدادية ومرة في الثانوية وهذا أهمية ال screening
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تست اللي بنعمل في دراسة تانية في دراسة تانية عاملة
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اللي علاقة بالـ School Health اللي هي يمكن
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هنا مش محتوطة لكن
336
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هي موجودة هنا اللي هي الـ Prevalence and Risk
337
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Factors for Skin Disease among Primary School
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Children in Gaza Strip يعني هذه الدراسة اللي عملت
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عشان الأمان العلمية الطالب اللي عملها اسمه رقفت
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نعيم 2006 في جامعة قدس أبوديس كان الدكتور يحيابد
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مشرف على هذه الرسالة وكنت أنا مناقش خارجي للرسالة
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طبعا لو شوفنا أيش النتائج بتاعة ال prevalence and
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risk factorof for skin disease among primary
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00:22:29,860 --> 00:22:32,500
school children طبعاً طلع ال prevalence of skin
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00:22:32,500 --> 00:22:38,500
disease among children ال male 55% وطلعت بين
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00:22:38,500 --> 00:22:42,240
female 42% اللي هي ال prevalence of skin disease
347
00:22:42,240 --> 00:22:48,380
يعني نسبة عالية جدا بالنسبة لبتريسز ألبى هي بتريسز
348
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ألبى البتريسز ألبى هي عبارة عن skin disease
349
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characterized by round pale macule in the face
350
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الطبع الدائرية الموجودة على الوجه الكاتر بترسس
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الفعالي 23.5% هي نسبة عالية كتير وكان الـ
352
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Pediculosis بالأطفال تعون المدارس 9.5% عشان هيك ال
353
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school health important and significant هذه
354
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الدراسات بتوضح أهمية ال school health program في
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دراسات أخرىدراسة تانية ان عملت على ال school among
356
00:23:25,820 --> 00:23:28,460
children اللي هي relationship between anime and
357
00:23:28,460 --> 00:23:31,660
school performance هذا ال performance ممكن بس مش
358
00:23:31,660 --> 00:23:35,160
مكمل الكلمة performance among school children in
359
00:23:35,160 --> 00:23:38,440
Gaza Strip وهذه الدراسة اللي عملها محمود دار في
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عام 2002 شوف إيش النتائج اللي طلعت طلعت ال result
361
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showed that the school performance was low among
362
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anime studentsin comparison with non-anemic
363
00:23:50,710 --> 00:23:53,770
students عشان نعرف كيف الـ deficiency disease إيه
364
00:23:53,770 --> 00:24:00,150
علاقة بالـ achievement and performance في دراسة
365
00:24:00,150 --> 00:24:04,950
أخرى عملت على الـ dental fluorosis and associated
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00:24:04,950 --> 00:24:08,210
risk factors among Palestinian children عشان نعرف
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00:24:08,210 --> 00:24:11,850
إيش أهمية ال school health program among children
368
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aged 12 to 18 years in Gaza Stripطبعا هذه الدراسة
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عملت عن طريق طالب اسمه لميس أبو حلوب سنة 2004 طبعا
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النتائج the result showed that the dental
371
00:24:24,170 --> 00:24:28,350
fluorosis among children is 78% كانت نسبة ال
372
00:24:28,350 --> 00:24:33,530
fluorosis 78% among children يعني نسبة عالية أنا
373
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هذه الدراسات جبتها عشان أوضحكم إيش أهمية ال school
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health programليش why we are studying school
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health عشان نعرف إيش علاقة deficiency disease مع
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ال school performance أو ال school achievement
377
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أشكركم على حسن استماعكم وإن شاء الله نلتقي في
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المحاضرة القادمة بإذن الله