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[ { "id": "86757", "type": "document", "text": [ "Concentration of inhaled amiloride in cystic fibrosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 55 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "inhaled amiloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86759", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cystic fibrosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86761", "type": "document", "text": [ "Five-year follow-up of the Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study . The Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery Study Group . PURPOSE To determine the efficacy and safety of subconjunctival 5- fluorouracil injections after trabeculectomy in patients with poor prognoses , to determine risk factors for surgical failure and to examine the relationship of intraocular pressure and visual function . METHODS In this multicenter clinical trial , 213 patients with previous cataract surgery or previous failed filtering surgery were randomly assigned to receive either trabeculectomy alone or trabeculectomy with postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections . Measurements of intraocular pressure , visual acuity , and visual fields were performed throughout the five years , with the clinician masked to the treatment group . Failure was defined as a reoperation to control intraocular pressure or an intraocular pressure greater than 21 mm Hg at or after the first-year examination . RESULTS Fifty-four ( 51 % ) of the 105 eyes in the 5-fluorouracil group and 80 ( 74 % ) of the 108 eyes in the standard filtering surgery group were classified as failures ( P < .001 , Mantel-Cox survival analysis ) . Risk factors for failure include high intraocular pressure , a short time interval after the last procedure involving a conjunctival incision , the number of procedures with conjunctival incisions , and Hispanic ethnicity . Patients in both treatment groups with controlled intraocular pressures were more likely to maintain visual acuity . Patients in the 5-fluorouracil group had a higher risk of late-onset bleb leaks ( 9 % nine of 105 ) than those in the standard filtering surgery group ( 2 % two of 108 ) ( P = .032 , Fisher 's exact test ) . CONCLUSIONS We recommend the use of subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil after trabeculectomy in eyes after previous cataract surgery or unsuccessful filtering surgery , but caution against its routine use in patients with good prognoses ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1981 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86762", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86763", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Fluorouracil Filtering Surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86764", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "subconjunctival 5- fluorouracil injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 205 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86765", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "trabeculectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86766", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "trabeculectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86767", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "postoperative subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86768", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86770", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "subconjunctival 5-fluorouracil" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86771", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 140, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86772", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86773", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86774", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual function" ], "offsets": [ [ 368, 383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86776", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86777", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual fields" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86778", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86779", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86780", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1257 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86781", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86782", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "late-onset bleb leaks" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86783", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with poor prognoses , to determine risk factors for surgical failure and to examine the relationship of intraocular pressure and visual function ." ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86785", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prevention of venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty . A randomized , double-blind trial comparing enoxaparin with warfarin . OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness and safety of fixed-dose enoxaparin and adjusted dose warfarin in preventing venous thromboembolism after knee arthroplasty . DESIGN A randomized , double-blind controlled trial . SETTING 8 university hospitals . PATIENTS 670 consecutive patients who had knee arthroplasty . INTERVENTION Patients were randomly assigned to receive enoxaparin ( 30 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours ) or adjusted-dose warfarin ( international normalized ratio , 2.0 to 3.0 ) . Both regimens were started after surgery . MEASUREMENTS The primary end point was the incidence of deep venous thrombosis in patients with adequate bilateral venograms ; the secondary end point was hemorrhage . RESULTS Among the 417 patients with adequate venograms , 109 of 211 warfarin recipients ( 51.7 % ) had deep venous thrombosis compared with 76 of 206 enoxaparin recipients ( 36.9 % ) ( P = 0.003 ) . The absolute risk difference was 14.8 % in favor of enoxaparin ( 95 % Cl , 5.3 % to 24.1 % ) Twenty-two warfarin recipients ( 10.4 % ) and 24 enoxaparin recipients ( 11.7 % ) had proximal venous thrombosis ( P > 0.2 ) . The absolute risk difference was 1.2 % in favor of warfarin ( Cl , -7.2 % to 4.8 % ) . The incidence of major bleeding was 1.8 % ( 6 of 334 patients ) in the warfarin group and 2.1 % ( 7 of 336 patients ) in the enoxaparin group ( P > 0.2 ) . The absolute risk difference was 0.3 % in favor of warfarin ( Cl , -2.4 % to 1.8 % ) . CONCLUSIONS A postoperative , fixed-dose enoxaparin regimen is more effective than adjusted-dose warfarin in preventing deep venous thrombosis after knee arthroplasty . No differences were seen in the incidence of proximal venous thrombosis or clinically overt hemorrhage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1864 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86786", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86787", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86788", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fixed-dose enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86789", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjusted dose warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 213, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86790", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin ( 30 mg subcutaneously every 12 hours ) or adjusted-dose warfarin ( international normalized ratio , 2.0 to 3.0 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enoxaparin" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86799", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86800", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of deep venous thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86801", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemorrhage ." ], "offsets": [ [ 829, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86802", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep venous thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86803", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absolute risk difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86804", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absolute risk difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86805", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "major bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1365, 1379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86806", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "absolute risk difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86807", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86808", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86809", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "670" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 398 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86810", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86811", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adequate bilateral venograms" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86812", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "417" ], "offsets": [ [ 860, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86813", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adequate venograms" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86814", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "after knee arthroplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86816", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy of outpatient induction with low-dose intravaginal prostaglandin E2 : a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial . OBJECTIVE Our purpose was to determine whether a protocol for outpatient induction is safe and effective for initiating labor . STUDY DESIGN A randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was performed with 100 low-risk patients having well-dated pregnancies . Women with a Bishop score < or = 6 at 38 to 40 weeks ' gestation were administered either 2 mg of intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel or placebo for 5 consecutive days as outpatients while undergoing fetal monitoring . RESULTS The median interval from randomization to delivery was 4 days in the prostaglandin E2 group ( range 0 to 28 days ) versus 10 days in the placebo group ( range 0 to 26 days , p = 0.002 ) . Twenty-seven of 50 patients ( 54 % ) in the prostaglandin E2 group were admitted for labor during the dosing interval compared with 10 placebo-treated patients ( 20 % , p = 0.001 ) . The mean gestational age at delivery was significantly reduced in the treatment group ( 39.9 +/- 1.0 weeks vs 40.5 +/- 0.99 weeks , p = 0.003 ) as was the incidence of postdates pregnancy ( 40 % vs 66 % , p = 0.016 ) . Hyperstimulation was observed in one prostaglandin E2-treated patient , but no intervention was required . CONCLUSIONS Outpatient low-dose prostaglandin E2 gel administration is effective for initiating labor in patients with an unfavorable cervix and appears safe if performed with adequate monitoring ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1524 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86817", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin E2 :" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86818", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86819", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86820", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravaginal prostaglandin E2 gel or placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 503, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86821", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin E2" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86822", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86823", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin E2" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86824", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin E2-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1257, 1281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86825", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin E2 gel" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86826", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86827", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "interval from randomization to delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 641, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86828", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "admitted for labor during the dosing interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 890, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86829", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean gestational age at delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1005, 1037 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86830", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "incidence of postdates pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1156, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86831", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Hyperstimulation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86832", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86833", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "initiating labor" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 261 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86834", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86835", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86836", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Bishop score < or = 6" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86837", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "38 to 40 weeks ' gestation" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86838", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "50" ], "offsets": [ [ 834, 836 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86839", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unfavorable cervix" ], "offsets": [ [ 1449, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86841", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of marine oils supplementation on coagulation and cellular activation in whole blood . A study was performed to explore the effects of supplemental intake of various marine oils known to be part of the Eskimo diet . Healthy men and women ( 134 ) were randomly selected to consume 15 mL/d of oil from blubber of seal , cod liver , seal/cod liver , blubber of Minke whale , or no oil for ten weeks . Total cholesterol was unchanged in the oil groups , whereas high density lipoprotein cholesterol increased 7 % in the seal/cod liver oil ( CLO ) group ( P < 0.05 ) and 11 % in the whale oil group ( P < 0.005 ) . Triacylglycerol was significantly reduced in the CLO group only . The concentration of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 was reduced 25 % ( P < 0.05 ) after whale oil supplementation . No change in fibrinogen or factor VIIc was detected . Tumor necrosis factor generation in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -stimulated blood was 30 % reduced after whale oil ( P < 0.05 ) , but was unaffected by intake of seal or CLO . The LPS-induced tissue factor activity in monocytes was reduced to a significant degree only in the seal/CLO group ( 34 % ) and whale oil group ( 35 % ) ( P < 0.05 ) . The most dramatic change in thromboxane B2 in LPS-stimulated blood was seen after whale oil intake with 44 % reduction ( P < 0.01 ) . Supplementation of a regular diet with a combination of seal oil and CLO and especially with whale oil seems to have beneficial effects on several products thought to be associated with cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1552 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86842", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "marine oils supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86843", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oil from blubber of seal , cod liver , seal/cod liver" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 351 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86844", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 323, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86845", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "blubber of Minke whale" ], "offsets": [ [ 354, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86846", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "no oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 382, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86847", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "seal/cod liver oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 523, 541 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86848", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "whale oil" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86849", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Total cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86850", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "high density lipoprotein cholesterol" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 501 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86851", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Triacylglycerol" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86852", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86853", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fibrinogen or factor VIIc" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86854", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Tumor necrosis factor generation in lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) -stimulated blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86855", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LPS-induced tissue factor activity in monocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86856", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thromboxane B2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86857", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Eskimo diet" ], "offsets": [ [ 209, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86858", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men and women" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 244 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86860", "type": "document", "text": [ "The sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy after conservative surgery for early-stage breast cancer . BACKGROUND Patients with early-stage breast cancer who are at substantial risk for systemic metastases are increasingly treated with breast-conserving therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy . However , the optimal sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is not clear . METHODS Two hundred forty-four patients with stage I or II breast cancer who were at substantial risk for distant metastases were randomly assigned to receive a 12-week course of chemotherapy either before or after radiation therapy . All had had breast-conserving surgery . The median length of follow-up in surviving patients was 58 months ( range , 10 to 124 ) . RESULTS The five-year actuarial rates of cancer recurrence at any site and of distant metastases in the radiotherapy-first group and the chemotherapy-first group were 38 percent and 31 percent ( P = 0.17 ) and 36 percent and 25 percent ( P = 0.05 ) , respectively . Overall survival was 73 percent and 81 percent ( P = 0.11 ) , respectively . The five-year crude rates of first recurrence according to site in the radiotherapy-first and chemotherapy-first groups , respectively , were 5 percent and 14 percent for local recurrence and 32 percent and 20 percent for distant or regional recurrence or both . This difference in the pattern of recurrence was of borderline statistical significance ( P = 0.07 ) . CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that for patients ar substantial risk for systemic metastases , it is preferable to give a 12-week course of chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy , rather than radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1702 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86861", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "breast-conserving therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86862", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 275, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86863", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86864", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86865", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "12-week course of chemotherapy either before or after radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 617 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86866", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiotherapy-first" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86867", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy-first" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86868", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiotherapy-first" ], "offsets": [ [ 855, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86869", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy-first" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 906 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86870", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86871", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "radiation therapy followed by chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86872", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "five-year actuarial rates of cancer recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86873", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86874", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "five-year crude rates of first recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1098, 1139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86875", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pattern of recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86876", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86877", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86878", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86879", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Two hundred forty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 393, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86880", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86881", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86882", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86884", "type": "document", "text": [ "Measurement of health-related quality of life in multiple myeloma . Nordic Myeloma Study Group . When a randomized trial ( NMSG 4/90 ) comparing treatment with melphalan/prednisone to melphalan/ prednisone + interferon alpha-2b in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma was initiated in 1990 , a quality-of-life assessment was integrated into the study . We used the questionnaire ( QLQ-C30 ) developed by the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer ( EORTC ) Study Group on Quality of Life . The QLQ-C30 incorporates five functional scales , three symptom scales , a global health and quality-of life scale and some single symptom measures . The questionnaire was completed prior to treatment and after 1 , 6 , 12 , 24 , 36 and 48 months . 524 ( 90.2 % ) of 581 patients enrolled in the NMSG 4/90 completed the first questionnaire , and 484 ( 83.3 % ) completed all questionnaires given to them . All but one of the scales met the minimum criteria of reliability ( Cronbach 's alpha > / 0.70 ) . Validity was shown by ( 1 ) the ability of the scales to discriminate clearly between patients differing in clinical status as defined by pretreatment W.H.O . performance index and Durie & Salmon stage , and ( 2 ) the sensitivity to changes in objective disease status ( response and relapse ) . This is the first report of the measurement of health-related quality of life in a prospective clinical trial in multiple myeloma . The results demonstrate that the QLQ-C30 is a reliable and valid instrument for the measurement of quality of life in these patients . The data will be used for a cost-utility analysis of the results of the NMSG 4/90 trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1661 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "melphalan/prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86886", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "melphalan/ prednisone + interferon alpha-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 227 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86887", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "health-related quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86888", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality-of-life" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86889", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 306, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86890", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Quality of Life" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86891", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality-of life scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86892", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "health-related quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86893", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "QLQ-C30" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86894", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86895", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86896", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "multiple myeloma" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86897", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "524" ], "offsets": [ [ 753, 756 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86898", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "581" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86899", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "484" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86901", "type": "document", "text": [ "Iobitridol 300 compared to iopromide 300 -- a double-blind randomized phase-III study of clinical tolerance in total body CT. UNLABELLED PURPOSE , MATERIAL AND METHODS : The clinical safety of iobitriodol 300 mg I/ml and iopromide 300 mg I/ml were compared in a randomized double blind phase-III study conducted on 60 patients undergoing abdominal CT for a variety of indications . Each examination was rated as diagnostic or nondiagnostic and the image quality was noted . Nature , onset , intensity as well as outcome of each adverse reaction were recorded . RESULTS There was no significant difference in imaging quality and side effects between the contrast media . In this study , both iobitridol and iopromide provided excellent image quality and a low rate of side effects . CONCLUSION Iobitridol is a safe and effective nonionic contrast agent for contrast-enhanced body CT ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 883 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86902", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Iobitridol 300" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86903", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iopromide 300 -- a" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iobitriodol 300 mg I/ml and iopromide 300 mg I/ml" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iobitridol" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "iopromide" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86907", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Iobitridol" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86908", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "onset" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86909", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse reaction" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86910", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "imaging quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86911", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 640 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86912", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "excellent image quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86913", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "low rate of side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 755, 779 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86914", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86915", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective nonionic contrast agent" ], "offsets": [ [ 818, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86916", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "total body CT." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 125 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86918", "type": "document", "text": [ "Processing familiar and unfamiliar auditory stimuli during general anesthesia . We tested memory priming for auditory stimuli presented during general propofol-sufentanil anesthesia in 58 patients undergoing day-case arthroscopic surgery . Stimuli were presented via headphones and consisted of common facts ( Group A , 29 patients ) , or familiar or unfamiliar full names of fictitious people ( GRoup B , 29 patients ) . Group A was expected to give more correct answers to questions about the common facts than Group B , when tested postoperatively , and Group B to attribute more fame to presented names than Group A ( famous names test ) . Because the process for learning new or unfamiliar stimuli ( elaboration ) in particular may be impaired under general anesthesia , more memory priming was expected for familiar than for unfamiliar material . No significant differences were demonstrated between the two groups in performance on common facts or in fame attributed to the names . The amount of memory priming , however , was positively related to one of two measures of preoperative anxiety ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1101 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86919", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "auditory stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86920", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "general propofol-sufentanil anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86921", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "day-case arthroscopic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86922", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Stimuli were presented via headphones and consisted of common facts" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86923", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "familiar or unfamiliar full names of fictitious people" ], "offsets": [ [ 339, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86924", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "performance on common facts" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86925", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "fame" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86926", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "amount of memory priming" ], "offsets": [ [ 993, 1017 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86927", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "positively related to one of two measures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1075 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86928", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "preoperative anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1099 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86929", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "general anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86930", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "general propofol-sufentanil anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86931", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "58" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86932", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "day-case arthroscopic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86933", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Group A , 29" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86934", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "GRoup B , 29" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86935", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "general anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86937", "type": "document", "text": [ "Recovery profile after desflurane with or without ondansetron compared with propofol in patients undergoing outpatient gynecological laparoscopy . We studied the effect of combining prophylactic ondansetron ( 4 mg intravenously [ IV ] ) to desflurane-based anesthesia in 90 ASA grade I or 11 women undergoing outpatient gynecological laparoscopy . Recovery after anesthesia , with special focus on postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) , was assessed . Control groups received a similar desflurane anesthetic ( placebo ) or a propofol-infusion-based ( active control ) anesthetic . The study design was randomized , controlled , and double-blind ( regarding ondansetron ) and single-blind ( regarding the anesthetic technique ) . Early recovery ( eye opening , orientation , following commands , sitting ) was similar in the three groups . However , overall home readiness ( toleration of oral fluids , walking , pain tolerable by oral analgesics , no or only mild nausea ) was achieved faster in the desflurane group receiving ondansetron ( 109 [ 21-937 ] min , P < 0.01 ) and in the propofol group ( 110 [ 33-642 ] min , P < 0.001 ) when compared to the desflurane only group ( 372 [ 45-723 ] min ) ( median [ range ] ) . The total incidence of PONV in the desflurane-only group was 80 % ( P < 0.01 ) , compared to 40 % and 20 % in the desflurane group receiving ondansetron and the propofol group , respectively . The postoperative antiemetic requirements were consistently and significantly ( P < 0.01 ) higher in the desflurane-only group compared to the other two groups . Postoperative sedation , analgesic requirements , and psychomotor recovery ( assessed by the Maddox Wing and the Digit Symbol Substitution Tests ) were similar in the three groups . Our results suggest that in order to achieve a propofol-like recovery profile in patients with a high likelihood of PONV , desflurane should be combined with a potent antiemetic ( e.g. , ondansetron ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1968 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane with or without ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86939", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prophylactic ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86941", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane-based anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86942", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "gynecological laparoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86943", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "desflurane anesthetic ( placebo )" ], "offsets": [ [ 492, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86944", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol-infusion-based ( active control ) anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 584 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86945", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86946", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ondansetron" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86947", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86948", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane-only" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86949", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86950", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86951", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane-only" ], "offsets": [ [ 1264, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol-like" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86953", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86954", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "home readiness" ], "offsets": [ [ 863, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86955", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PONV" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86956", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative antiemetic requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1426, 1463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86957", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Postoperative sedation , analgesic requirements , and psychomotor recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 1584, 1658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86958", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "propofol-like recovery profile" ], "offsets": [ [ 1813, 1843 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86959", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatient gynecological laparoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 108, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86960", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86962", "type": "document", "text": [ "Antihistaminics in idiopathic dystonia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 40 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86963", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Antihistaminics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 15 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86964", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "idiopathic dystonia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86966", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of synemol cream and other topical corticosteroid creams using the vasoconstrictor bioassay . The human vasoconstrictor bioassay was used to assess the potency of open applications of Synemol cream ( 0.025 % ) , Diprosone cream ( 0.05 % ) , Aristocort-A cream ( 0.5 % ) , and Valisone cream ( 0.1 % ) . Intensity of vasoconstriction was determined eight , twenty-four , and thirty-two hours after application . Results obtained from the average intensity scores of the three determinations indicated that Synemol cream ( 0.025 % ) is actually a more active compound than are Diprosone cream ( 0.05 % ) , Aristocort-A cream ( 0.5 % ) , and Valisone cream ( 0.1 % ) , and that its activity is longer acting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 717 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86967", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "synemol cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "topical corticosteroid creams" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 67 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Synemol cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Diprosone cream ( 0.05 % )" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 249 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aristocort-A cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Valisone cream ( 0.1 % )" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 311 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Synemol cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 208 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Diprosone cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86975", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Aristocort-A cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 252, 270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86976", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Valisone cream" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 301 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86977", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "intensity scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 472 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86979", "type": "document", "text": [ "Antibiotic strategy after the empiric phase in patients treated for a hematological malignancy . Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has become a generally accepted strategy in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients . Particularly in patients with prolonged neutropenia , subsequent adaptation of such a regimen will be the rule rather than exception . Since there are no uniformly accepted guidelines for the modification of antibiotic therapy during the post-empiric phase , we assessed the impact of a set of rules that evolved during the first randomized trials . Evaluation of the clinician 's compliance with these rules in 1951 febrile neutropenic episodes was the subject of the present analysis . Treatment was modified in 761 ( 39 % ) cases , and these changes were made according to the rules in 76 % . For 75 % of the alterations in treatment during the evening and night shifts , no reasonable explanation was established , while 93 % of the modifications during the normal working hours were made for objective reasons . The empiric regimen was more frequently changed in patients with a clinical focus of infection at the onset of fever than in patients who showed fever as the only symptom of a possible infection . The perceived need for modification amounted to 69 % in pulmonary infections , to 51 % in skin and soft-tissue infections , to 44 % in patients with abdominal complaints , and to 37 % in upper respiratory tract infections . Glycopeptides constituted 22 % of modifications , particularly in patients with a central venous catheter , and systemically active antifungals were administered in 16 % of cases . Especially inexperienced clinicians tend to adjust antibiotic therapy , in spite of the fact that persistence of fever alone seldom reflects inadequate treatment when the clinical condition of the patient is stable or improving . On the other hand , the development of subsequent infectious events emphasizes that a genuine need for modification does frequently exist ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2019 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Antibiotic strategy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotic therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86984", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hematological malignancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 70, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86985", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "febrile neutropenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86986", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prolonged neutropenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86988", "type": "document", "text": [ "Antifungal pulse therapy for onychomycosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86989", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Antifungal pulse therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86990", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "onychomycosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "86992", "type": "document", "text": [ "Relaxation and imagery and cognitive-behavioral training reduce pain during cancer treatment : a controlled clinical trial . Few controlled clinical trials of psychological interventions for cancer pain relief exist in spite of frequent support for their importance as adjuncts to medical treatment . This study compared oral mucositis pain levels in 4 groups of cancer patients receiving bone marrow transplants ( BMT ) : ( 1 ) treatment as usual control , ( 2 ) therapist support , ( 3 ) relaxation and imagery training , and ( 4 ) training in a package of cognitive-behavioral coping skills which included relaxation and imagery . A total of 94 patients completed the study which involved two training sessions prior to treatment and twice a week 'booster ' sessions during the first 5 weeks of treatment . Results confirmed our hypothesis that patients who received either relaxation and imagery alone or patients who received the package of cognitive-behavioral coping skills would report less pain than patients in the other 2 groups . The hypothesis that the cognitive-behavioral skills package would have an additive effect beyond relaxation and imagery alone was not confirmed . Average visual analogue scale ( VAS ) report of pain within the therapist support group was not significantly lower than the control group ( P = 0.103 ) nor significantly higher than the training groups . Patient reports of relative helpfulness of the interventions for managing pain and nausea matched the results of VAS reports . From these results , we conclude that relaxation and imagery training reduces cancer treatment-related pain ; adding cognitive-behavioral skills to the relaxation with imagery does not , on average , further improve pain relief ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1749 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "86993", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Relaxation and imagery and cognitive-behavioral training" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86994", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "treatment as usual control" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86995", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "therapist support , ( 3 ) relaxation and imagery training , and ( 4 ) training in a package of cognitive-behavioral coping skills which included relaxation and imagery" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86996", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86997", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "cancer pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 191, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86998", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "86999", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Average visual analogue scale ( VAS ) report of pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87000", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87001", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1476, 1482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87002", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "cancer treatment-related pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1598, 1627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87003", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87005", "type": "document", "text": [ "The individual responsiveness to growth hormone ( GH ) treatment in GH-deficient adults is dependent on the level of GH-binding protein , body mass index , age , and gender . The aim of the present trial was to study the individual responsiveness to GH treatment in terms of body composition and to search for possible predictors of the response in GH-deficient adults . Sixty-eight patients ( 44 men and 24 women ) with a mean age of 44.3 ( 1.2 ) yr and verified GH deficiency participated in a 2-phase treatment trial with an initial randomized , double blind , placebo-controlled , 6-month period , followed by an open treatment period , thereby ensuring all patients 12 months of GH treatment . Recombinant human GH was administered sc daily at bedtime , with a target dose of 12 micrograms/kg x day . GHBP was measured by ligand-mediated immunofunctional assay , and serum insulin-like growth factor I ( IGF-I ) was determined by RIA after acid-ethanol extraction , using a truncated IGF-I analog as the radioligand . Lean body mass ( LBM ) and body fat ( BF ) were determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry , and total body water ( TBW ) was determined by bioelectrical impedance . During the placebo control period , serum IGF-I , LBM , and TBW increased ( P < 0.001 ) , whereas BF decreased ( P < 0.001 ) and serum GHBP was unchanged in the group treated with GH compared with the patients treated with placebo . After 12 months of GH treatment , the individual changes in BF ranged from -12.5 to 4.3 kg and from -4.5 to 10.1 kg in LBM . Age ( P < 0.05 ) and baseline GHBP level ( P < 0.01 ) were inversely correlated with the increase in LBM . The GH-induced increment in IGF-I and TBW was greater in men than in women ( P < 0.01 ) , whereas the decreases in BF were similar in men and women . This trial demonstrates the variability in responsiveness to GH administration in GH-deficient adults . The best response to GH was obtained in younger patients with low GHBP levels . Furthermore , men responded better than women ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2039 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87006", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "growth hormone ( GH ) treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87007", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GH treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87008", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 564, 582 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87009", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Recombinant human GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 719 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87010", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GH" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 52 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87011", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body mass index" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 153 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87012", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lean body mass ( LBM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87013", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "body fat ( BF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1065 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87014", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum IGF-I" ], "offsets": [ [ 1229, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87015", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LBM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1040, 1043 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87016", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "TBW" ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87017", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87018", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum GHBP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87019", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87020", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "baseline GHBP level" ], "offsets": [ [ 1572, 1591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87021", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GH-induced increment in IGF-I and TBW" ], "offsets": [ [ 1662, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87022", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "BF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1061, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87023", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "GH-deficient" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 80 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87024", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87025", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87026", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "44" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87027", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87028", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "24 women" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87029", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "mean age of 44.3 ( 1.2 ) yr" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87030", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "verified GH deficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87032", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effects of amantadine and pemoline on cognitive functioning in multiple sclerosis . BACKGROUND Amantadine hydrochloride and pemoline , both frequently used to treat the fatigue of multiple sclerosis ( MS ) , may also improve attention and other cognitive functions in MS. To our knowledge , these agents have never been compared in a placebo-controlled trial of patients with MS . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of amantadine and pemoline on cognitive functioning in MS. METHODS A total of 45 ambulatory patients with MS and severe fatigue were treated for 6 weeks with amantadine , pemoline , or placebo using a parallel group design . They underwent comprehensive neuropsychological testing to determine treatment effects on cognitive functioning . Primary outcome measures were tests of attention ( Digit Span , Trail Making Test , and Symbol Digit Modalities Test ) , verbal memory ( Selective Reminding Test ) , nonverbal memory ( Benton Visual Retention Test ) , and motor speed ( Finger Tapping Test ) . RESULTS Fatigue did not significantly correlate with any of the neuropsychological outcome measures at baseline or after treatment . All three treatment groups improved on tests of attention ( P < .003 ) , verbal memory ( P < .001 ) , and motor speed ( P < .002 ) . There were no significant differences between amantadine , pemoline , and placebo . CONCLUSIONS Cognitive functioning in MS is independent of fatigue . Neither amantadine nor pemoline enhances cognitive performance in MS compared with placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1528 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87033", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87034", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87035", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Amantadine hydrochloride" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87036", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87037", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine and pemoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87038", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine , pemoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 577, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87039", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87040", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amantadine" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87041", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pemoline" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87042", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87043", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Digit Span , Trail Making Test , and Symbol Digit Modalities Test )" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 876 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87044", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal memory ( Selective Reminding Test ) , nonverbal memory ( Benton Visual Retention Test ) ," ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87045", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motor speed ( Finger Tapping Test )" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 1015 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87046", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87047", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tests of attention" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87048", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "verbal memory" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87049", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motor speed" ], "offsets": [ [ 980, 991 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87050", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with MS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 366, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87052", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fadrozole HCL ( CGS-16949A ) versus megestrol acetate treatment of postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma : results of two randomized double blind controlled multiinstitutional trials . BACKGROUND Breast cancer patients with prior response to endocrine therapy achieve subsequent benefit from additional endocrine therapies . The efficacy and safety of an aromatase inhibitor , fadrozole HCL , were compared with megestrol acetate in post menopausal patients who had disease progression after receiving antiestrogen therapy either for metastatic disease or as adjuvant therapy . METHODS In 2 multiinstitutional prospective trials , 683 postmenopausal patients were randomized to receive either fadrozole HCL , 1 mg twice daily , or megestrol acetate , 40 mg 4 times daily , in a double blind fashion after progression on first-line hormonal therapy . Objective response rates , time to progression , survival and safety of the two regimens were compared . RESULTS Results of intent-to-treat analyses are presented in this study . No significant differences were detected between the two treatment groups in time to progression , objective response rates , duration of response , and survival in either trial . There were no clinically meaningful differences between the treatment groups in the incidence and severity of adverse experiences , except that weight gain , fluid retention , and dyspnea were observed in more patients in the megestrol acetate group compared with those receiving fadrozole HCL , whereas nausea and vomiting were observed in more patients in the fadrozole HCL group compared with those receiving megestrol acetate . CONCLUSIONS Fadrozole HCL was as efficacious as megestrol acetate in postmenopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma after one hormonal therapy . Adverse experiences were mild with both therapies , but megestrol acetate was associated wiht a higher frequency of weight gain , fluid retention and dyspnea , whereas fadrozole HCL was associated with a higher frequency of nausea and vomiting ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2060 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87053", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fadrozole HCL ( CGS-16949A )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87054", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "megestrol acetate" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87055", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fadrozole HCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87056", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fadrozole HCL , 1 mg twice daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87057", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "megestrol acetate , 40 mg 4 times daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 789 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87058", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "first-line hormonal therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 839, 866 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87059", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fadrozole HCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87060", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "fadrozole HCL" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87061", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Objective response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 893 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87062", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87063", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87064", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87065", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 915 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87066", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "objective response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1147, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87067", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87068", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 918, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87069", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse experiences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1338, 1357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87070", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "weight gain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1372, 1383 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87071", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "fluid retention" ], "offsets": [ [ 1386, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87072", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1408, 1415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87073", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea and vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "efficacious" ], "offsets": [ [ 1693, 1704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87075", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "weight gain , fluid retention and dyspnea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1931, 1972 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87076", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea and vomiting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1532, 1551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87077", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87078", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87079", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87080", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "with prior response to endocrine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 278 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87081", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "683" ], "offsets": [ [ 650, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87082", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87083", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "metastatic breast carcinoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87085", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative efficacy of intravenous ibutilide versus procainamide for enhancing termination of atrial flutter by atrial overdrive pacing . This study compares the influence of intravenous ibutilide , a class III antiarrhythmic agent , with procainamide , a class IA antiarrhythmic agent , and with placebo on its ability to terminate atrial flutter using rapid atrial pacing . Fifty-nine episodes of atrial flutter in 54 patients who failed to terminate with an intravenous infusion of ibutilide , procainamide , or placebo alone underwent attempts at pacing termination using a standard protocol of burst atrial overdrive pacing . Atrial flutter cycle length and atrial monophasic action potential duration recorded from the right atrium during atrial flutter were measured at baseline and following infusion of ibutilide , procainamide , or placebo . Both ibutilide and procainamide significantly enhanced ( p < 0.001 ) pacing-induced termination of atrial flutter compared with placebo . Pacing converted 2 of 11 patients ( 18 % ) who received placebo , 13 of 15 patients ( 87 % ) who received ibutilide , and 29 of 33 patients ( 88 % ) who received procainamide to sinus rhythm . Ibutilide and procainamide compared with placebo markedly reduced ( p < 0.001 ) the incidence of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation . The atrial flutter cycle length was prolonged significantly less ( p < 0.001 ) , and the atrial monophasic action potential duration was increased significantly more ( p < 0.001 ) by ibutilide than by procainamide . Although the electrophysiologic changes induced by these antiarrhythmic agents contributed to facilitating pacing-induced termination , neither tachycardia cycle length nor action potential duration were useful predictors of the ability of pacing to terminate atrial flutter . In conclusion , despite differing electrophysiologic effects , the use of intravenous ibutilide or procainamide enhances the termination of atrial flutter by atrial overdrive pacing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87086", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87087", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87088", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87089", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87090", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87091", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87092", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87093", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87094", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87095", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87096", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87097", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87098", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87099", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87100", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87101", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87102", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87103", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1184, 1193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87104", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87105", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 298, 305 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87107", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1519, 1533 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87108", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ibutilide" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87109", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procainamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87110", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pacing-induced termination of atrial flutter" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 966 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87111", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sinus rhythm ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1169, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87112", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation . The atrial flutter cycle length" ], "offsets": [ [ 1268, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87113", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "atrial monophasic action potential duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87114", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tachycardia cycle length nor action potential duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1678, 1732 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87115", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "termination of atrial flutter by atrial overdrive pacing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87116", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "atrial flutter" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87117", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "54" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87119", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on phospholipid fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes . To characterize the time course of plasma and red blood cell ( RBC ) changes after n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUFA ) supplementation , 20 healthy male volunteers were randomly assigned to receive either four 1-g capsules of n-3 PUFA ethyl esters or four 1-g capsules of olive oil ( as placebo ) for a period of 4 mo , followed by a 3-mo washout period . Fatty acids of plasma and RBC phospholipid fractions were analyzed at 0 , 2 , and 4 mo of treatment and at 1 , 2 , and 3 mo of washout . During n-3 PUFA supplementation , accumulations of eicosapentaenoic ( EPA ) , docosapentaenoic ( DPA ) , and docosahexaenoic ( DHA ) acids were marked after 2 mo with differences among different fractions of plasma and RBCs in further accumulation up to 4 mo . During the first and second months of the washout , slight differences were observed in changes of various fatty acids among different phospholipid fractions , but after 3 mo of washout , only minor alterations were still detectable with respect to pretreatment values . These data confirm the complex relations among different fatty acid pools after n-3 PUFA supplementation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1251 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87120", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87121", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUFA ) supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87122", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "four 1-g capsules of n-3 PUFA ethyl esters or four 1-g capsules of olive oil ( as placebo )" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 416 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87123", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 PUFA supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87124", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "n-3 PUFA supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87125", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fatty acids of plasma" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 497 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "RBC phospholipid fractions" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "eicosapentaenoic ( EPA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "docosapentaenoic ( DPA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 715 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87129", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "docosahexaenoic ( DHA ) acids" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87130", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes of various fatty acids among different phospholipid fractions" ], "offsets": [ [ 962, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87131", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "different fatty acid pools" ], "offsets": [ [ 1192, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87133", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pentoxifylline therapy in HIV seropositive subjects with elevated TNF . Tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) is thought to induce cachexia in subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , and it has been suggested that HIV-seropositive patients would benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline , a known suppressor of TNF-alpha production . The purpose of the present study was to examine how pentoxifylline at a dose of 800 mg thrice daily would influence the cellular immune system in HIV-seropositive persons with elevated TNF-alpha . Six HIV-seropositive subjects with elevated amounts of TNF-alpha in plasma at least at two occasions were included in an open , controlled , randomized , cross-over study consisting of a 6 week treatment period and a 6 week control period . Blood samples were collected before and at the end of each period . Pentoxifylline treatment did not influence the concentration of plasma-TNF-alpha , subpopulations of blood mononuclear cells , the proliferative responses nor the natural killer ( NK ) , and lymphokine activated killer ( LAK ) cell activities . Furthermore , pentoxifylline treatment did not influence the weight , temperature , well being , or tiredness of the subjects . However , the patients frequently reported gastrointestinal side effects . In vitro , however , pentoxifylline at suprapharmacological concentrations inhibited the blood mononuclear cell ( BMNC ) proliferative responses , NK , and LAK cell activities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1493 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87134", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87135", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline" ], "offsets": [ [ 300, 314 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87136", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pentoxifylline at a dose of 800 mg thrice daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87137", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "6 week control period" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87138", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cellular immune system" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87139", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration of plasma-TNF-alpha , subpopulations of blood mononuclear cells , the proliferative responses nor the natural killer ( NK ) , and lymphokine activated killer ( LAK ) cell activities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 1112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87140", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "weight , temperature , well being , or tiredness of the subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87141", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "gastrointestinal side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1315 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87142", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "blood mononuclear cell ( BMNC ) proliferative responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87143", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "NK" ], "offsets": [ [ 1048, 1050 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87144", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LAK cell activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 1472, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87145", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV seropositive" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87146", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-seropositive" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87147", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Six" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87148", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-seropositive" ], "offsets": [ [ 240, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87150", "type": "document", "text": [ "Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers as affected by source of dietary protein and level of ruminally protected lysine and methionine . The objective of this study was to determine the effects of source of dietary CP and level of ruminally protected lysine and methionine ( RPLM ) on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Holstein steers during a growing-finishing trial ( 266 d ) . A total of 168 Holstein steers ( 182.7 +/- 27.5 kg ) were used in a completely randomized design experiment ( eight treatments ; three pens of seven steers/treatment ) . Steers were given ad libitum access to high-concentrate diets ( 13 % CP ) containing 71 % whole shelled corn , 10 % corn silage , 4 % condensed distillers solubles , and 15 % protein supplements ( DM basis ) . Treatments were arranged as a 2 x 4 factorial . The main factors were two sources of dietary CP and four levels of RPLM . The sources of dietary CP were soybean meal ( SBM ) or SBM and urea ( SBM-U ) . Urea-N replaced 50 % of SBM-N in the SBM-U diet . The levels of RPLM were 0 , 5 , 10 , and 15 g per steer daily . No interactions ( P > .10 ) between source of dietary CP and level of RPLM were observed for feedlot performance or carcass characteristics . Feedlot performance showed an advantage ( P < .10 ) to feeding SMB during the first 84 d of the trial and an advantage to feeding SBM-U during the last 98 d of the trial . However , feedlot performance for the whole trial and carcass characteristics ( except for fat thickness ) were not affected ( P > .10 ) by the source of dietary CP . Steers fed diets containing SBM-U had 12 % less ( P < .10 ) fat thickness than those fed diets containing SBM . Supplementation of diets with increasing levels of RPLM did not affect ( P > .10 ) ADG or carcass characteristics . However , DMI and gain : feed showed cubic ( P < .10 ) responses to increasing dietary level of RPLM . Supplementation of RPLM at the 10 g/d level improved gain : feed by 12 % during the last 98 d of the trial , and this was a direct response to the cubic effects of RPLM on DMI . Results suggest a cost advantage for replacing 50 % of SBM-N with that from urea in high-corn diets without negative effects on feedlot performance or carcass characteristics of growing-finishing Holstein steers with extended feeding periods ( 266 d ) . These types of diets seem to meet the amino acid requirements and are not limiting in lysine and methionine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2474 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87151", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ad libitum access to high-concentrate diets" ], "offsets": [ [ 613, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "( 13 % CP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87153", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87154", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "feedlot performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87155", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87156", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "carcass characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87157", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "dietary CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87158", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Urea-N" ], "offsets": [ [ 1007, 1013 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87159", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dietary CP and level of RPLM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1167, 1195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87160", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "carcass characteristics" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87161", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87162", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Feedlot performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87163", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "feedlot performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87164", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fat thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87165", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fat thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1526, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87166", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cubic ( P < .10 ) responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1867, 1894 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gain : feed" ], "offsets": [ [ 1848, 1859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87168", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Holstein" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87169", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "steers" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87170", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Holstein steers" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87171", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "168" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87172", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Holstein steers" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87173", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "182.7 +/- 27.5 kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 458, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87174", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Holstein steers" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87176", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effectiveness of erythromycin in the treatment of acute bronchitis . BACKGROUND Clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of treating bronchitis with antibiotics . Many physicians , however , treat acute bronchitis with antibiotics because of the possibility of Mycoplasma pneumoniae or other pathogens . The objectives of this study were to determine the effectiveness of erythromycin treatment in patients with acute bronchitis and to determine whether a newly developed rapid M pneumoniae antibody test is useful in predicting which patients will respond to therapy . METHODS We conducted a randomized , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial at three primary care centers in North Carolina . A convenience sample of 140 patients presenting with acute bronchitis were tested for M pneumoniae , 91 of whom were treated with either erythromycin 250 mg four times daily for 10 days or an identical-appearing placebo . RESULTS Patients treated with erythromycin missed an average of only 0.81 +/- 1.1 days of work compared with 2.16 +/- 3.2 days for placebo-treated patients ( P < .02 ) . There were no significant differences in cough , use of cough medicine , general feeling of well-being , or chest congestion between the erythromycin and placebo groups . Twenty-five percent of the patients tested positive for M pneumoniae . There were no differences in response to erythromycin based on whether the patient had a positive test for M pneumoniae . CONCLUSIONS Erythromycin is effective in significantly reducing lost time from work , but it is not effective in reducing cough or other symptoms in patients with acute bronchitis , regardless of the outcome of the M pneumoniae antibody test ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1715 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87177", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87178", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87179", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87180", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87181", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87182", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87183", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87184", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87185", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Erythromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1496 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87186", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "days of work" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1032 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87187", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cough" ], "offsets": [ [ 1149, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87188", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "use of cough medicine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1178 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87189", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "general feeling of well-being" ], "offsets": [ [ 1181, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87190", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chest congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1232 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87192", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of coronary bypass surgery with angioplasty in patients with multivessel disease . The Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation ( BARI ) Investigators . BACKGROUND Coronary-artery bypass grafting ( CABG ) and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) are alternative methods of revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease . We tested the hypothesis that in selected patients with multivessel disease suitable for treatment with either procedure , an initial strategy of PTCA does not result in a poorer five-year clinical outcome than CABG . METHODS Patients with multivessel disease were randomly assigned to an initial treatment strategy of CABG ( n = 914 ) or PTCA ( n = 915 ) and were followed for an average of 5.4 years . Analysis of outcome events was performed according to the intention to treat . RESULTS The respective in-hospital event rates for CABG and PTCA were 1.3 percent and 1.1 percent for mortality , 4.6 percent and 2.1 percent for Q-wave myocardial infarction ( P < 0.01 ) , and 0.8 percent and 0.2 percent for stroke . The five-year survival rate was 89.3 percent for those assigned to CABG and 86.3 percent for those assigned to PTCA ( P = 0.19 ; 95 percent confidence interval of the difference in survival , -0.2 percent to 6.0 percent ) . The respective five-year survival rates free from Q-wave myocardial infarction were 80.4 percent and 78.7 percent . By five years after study entry , 8 percent of the patients assigned to CABG had undergone additional revascularization procedures , as compared with 54 percent of those assigned to PTCA ; 69 percent of those assigned to PTCA did not subsequently undergo CABG . Among diabetic patients who were being treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents at base line , a subgroup not specified by the protocol , five-year survival was 80.6 percent for the CABG group as compared with 65.5 percent for the PTCA group ( P = 0.003 ) . CONCLUSIONS As compared with CABG , an initial strategy of PTCA did not significantly compromise five-year survival in patients with multivessel disease , although subsequent revascularization was required more often with this strategy . For treated diabetics , five-year survival was significantly better after CABG than after PTCA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2294 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87193", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "coronary bypass surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87194", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87195", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Coronary-artery bypass grafting ( CABG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87196", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 230, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87197", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CABG" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87198", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PTCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87199", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CABG" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87200", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "PTCA" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87201", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 959, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87202", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Q-wave myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1003, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87203", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1089 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87204", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "five-year survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87205", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "respective five-year survival rates free from Q-wave myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1320, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87206", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "revascularization procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1534, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87207", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "five-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87208", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "five-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87209", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "subsequent revascularization" ], "offsets": [ [ 2124, 2152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87210", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "five-year survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1096, 1114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87211", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with multivessel disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87212", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with coronary artery disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87213", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Among diabetic patients who were being treated with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents at base line" ], "offsets": [ [ 1694, 1794 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87215", "type": "document", "text": [ "Tight-fitting underwear and sperm quality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 43 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87216", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Tight-fitting underwear" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 23 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87217", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sperm quality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87218", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Tight-fitting underwear and sperm quality" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87220", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy in children with primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET ) of the pineal region ] ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 117 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87221", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "[ Radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87222", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87223", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primitive neuroectodermal tumor ( PNET )" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 92 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87225", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of a chlorhexidine varnish on the gingival status of adolescents . The purpose of this blind study was to determine the effect of a two-stage chlorhexidine varnish , after three months , on the gingival status of 11- to 15-year-old children attending a school in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil . Subjects participating in the study were randomly allocated to control ( C ) and treatment ( T ) groups , n = 53 and n = 57 , respectively . All subjects were matched at baseline on age , salivary levels of mutans streptococci , and caries scores . After elimination of carious lesions , a prophylaxis was given to both groups . The chlorhexidine varnish was then painted on the entire dentition of Group T subjects only . Prior to caries elimination , and again after three months , the gingival index was used to assess the gingival status of study subjects . An average of 106.6 +/- 8.9 and 107.7 +/- 6.2 gingival sites per subject ( four sites per tooth ) in Groups C and T , respectively , were examined by the same calibrated examiner on two occasions . For statistical purposes , data were dichotomized [ ( 0,1 ) ( 2,3 ) ] for the gingival index . Independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used to analyze the data . The percentage of sites per subject with scores of two or three at the baseline were balanced between study groups ( 3.7 +/- 7.1 for T ; 1.8 +/- 3.2 for C ; p = 0.08 ) . After three months , a statistically significant decrease in the average percentage of sites with scores of two or three was demonstrated in the T group ( 0.7 +/- 2.4 , T , p < 0.0001 ; 1.3 +/- 3.0 , C , p < 0.25 ) . The authors concluded that the application of a chlorhexidine varnish significantly improved the gingival health of T subjects for up to three months . A significant improvement in the gingival health could not be demonstrated in the C group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1853 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87226", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine varnish" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87227", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine varnish" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87228", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 587, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87229", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine varnish" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87230", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chlorhexidine varnish" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87231", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gingival status" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87232", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gingival status" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87233", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of sites per subject with scores of two or three" ], "offsets": [ [ 1227, 1286 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87234", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "percentage of sites with scores of two or three" ], "offsets": [ [ 1466, 1513 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87235", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gingival health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1707, 1722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87236", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gingival health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1707, 1722 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87237", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gingival" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87238", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87239", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87240", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "11- to 15-year-old children" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87241", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "53" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87242", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "57" ], "offsets": [ [ 418, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87244", "type": "document", "text": [ "Fludarabine in chronic leukaemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 34 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87245", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Fludarabine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87246", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic leukaemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87248", "type": "document", "text": [ "A phase I study of recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor ( rHCNTF ) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis . The ALS CNTF Treatment Study ( ACTS ) Phase I-II Study Group . Fifty-seven patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) were randomly assigned to receive 0.5 , 1 , 3 , 7 , 10 , or 30 micrograms/kg recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor ( rHCNTF ) or placebo subcutaneously 3 times a week for 2 weeks . Dose-limiting toxicity , consisting of febrile reactions in some patients , fatigue , and nonproductive cough , was observed at a dose level of 30 micrograms/kg . Dose-related changes in parameters of the acute-phase response were noted , consistent with the relationship of CNTF and its receptor system to the cytokine interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) and its receptor . No adverse neurologic consequences of rHCNTF administration were observed . Antibodies to rHCNTF were observed in sera of most patients tested after 2 weeks of continuous treatment and 4 weeks ' withdrawal period . rHCNTF was safe and tolerated within acceptable limits when administered to patients with ALS in this study at doses of up to 30 micrograms/kg 3 times a week for 2 weeks . Further studies to explore the efficacy of rHCNTF in the treatment of human motor neuron diseases are justified ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1303 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87249", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor ( rHCNTF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87250", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human ciliary neurotrophic factor ( rHCNTF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87251", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 389, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87252", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87253", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHCNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHCNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHCNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rHCNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87257", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Dose-limiting toxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 463 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87258", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "consisting of febrile reactions in some patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fatigue" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87260", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nonproductive cough" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87261", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Dose-related changes in parameters of the acute-phase response" ], "offsets": [ [ 604, 666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87262", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse neurologic consequences of rHCNTF administration" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87263", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Antibodies to rHCNTF" ], "offsets": [ [ 879, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87264", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safe and tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87265", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87266", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 188, 199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87267", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 214, 251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87268", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ALS" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87270", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effectiveness of adjuvant hormone therapy in breast cancer ] . A third series of randomized tests was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of postoperative adjuvant hormone therapy ( tamoxifen , diethylstilbestrol , orimethen amino glutethymide ) in breast cancer patients . Tamoxifen was studied in 176 patients with T1-2N0M0 tumors . Five-year recurrence-free survival was registered in 85.2 % of menopausal patients treated with tamoxifen versus 71.1 % in control ( P < 0.05 ) . Five-year recurrence-free survival in menopausal females with breast tumors , stage IIb , was 71.1 % among those treated with diethylstilbestrol and as low as 57.4 % in the tamoxifen group ( P < 0.05 ) . Untoward side-effect incidence was much higher in the diethylstilbestrol group ( 30.4 % ) as compared with tamoxifen ( 3.5 % ) . No significant difference was found for the relationship between orimethen and tamoxifen treatment with respect to 5-year survival and recurrence-free survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 977 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87271", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant hormone therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87272", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant hormone therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87273", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diethylstilbestrol" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "orimethen amino glutethymide" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 276, 285 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87277", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87278", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87279", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87280", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "orimethen" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87281", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tamoxifen" ], "offsets": [ [ 184, 193 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87282", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "evaluate" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87283", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87284", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Five-year recurrence-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87285", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Five-year recurrence-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 337, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87286", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Untoward side-effect incidence" ], "offsets": [ [ 687, 717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87287", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "much higher" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87288", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "5-year survival and recurrence-free survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87289", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87290", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "176" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87291", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with T1-2N0M0 tumors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 336 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87293", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to intra-articular triamcinolone hexacetonide in inflammatory knee osteoarthritis . The aim of this study was to determine the comparative efficacy and safety of intra-articular ( i/a ) triamcinolone . hexacetonide ( TH ) and i/a hyaluronic acid ( HA ) in inflammatory knee osteoarthritis . A randomized double-blind comparative trail was carried out in a rheumatology outpatient department . There were 63 patients ( 24 male , 39 female , mean age 70.5 years ) with bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion . Each was given five HA injections at weekly intervals ; or 20 mg TH followed by four placebo ( saline ) injections . Patients were examined weekly during the treatment period and then at monthly intervals for a further 6 months . Assessment included recording of : visual analog scores ( VAS ) for pain ; duration of stiffness ; range of movement ; joint effusion ; local heat ; synovial thickening ; joint-line and periarticular tenderness . The principal outcome measure was pain on a self-selected activity assessed by Vas . The two groups were comparable at entry and no significant differences between the groups developed at any time during the treatment period . However , there was a high drop-out rate and intention to treat analysis failed to demonstrate statistically significant differences between the groups . In patients remaining in the study , significantly less pain was experienced by the HA group during the 6 month follow-up period . Other parameters showed a similar trend in favor of experienced by the HA group during the 6 month follow-up period . Other parameters showed a similar trend in favor of HA . We could not , however , demonstrate significant differences between the placebo and active treatments . HA may therefore be a useful additional therapy for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis and may have a long duration of action ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1925 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87294", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hyaluronic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87295", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone hexacetonide" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87296", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intra-articular ( i/a ) triamcinolone . hexacetonide ( TH ) and i/a hyaluronic acid ( HA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87297", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HA injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87298", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "20 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 625, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87299", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TH" ], "offsets": [ [ 258, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87300", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( saline ) injections" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87301", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HA" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87302", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HA" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87303", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HA" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87304", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HA" ], "offsets": [ [ 289, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87305", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "visual analog scores ( VAS ) for pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87306", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of stiffness" ], "offsets": [ [ 871, 892 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87307", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "range of movement" ], "offsets": [ [ 895, 912 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87308", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "joint effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 915, 929 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87309", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "local heat" ], "offsets": [ [ 932, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87310", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "synovial thickening" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 964 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87311", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "joint-line and periarticular tenderness" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 1006 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87312", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain on a self-selected activity assessed by Vas" ], "offsets": [ [ 1043, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87313", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87314", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inflammatory knee osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87315", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inflammatory knee osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87316", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 456 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87317", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "24 male" ], "offsets": [ [ 459, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87318", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "39 female" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87319", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 70.5 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 486, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87320", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bilateral symptomatic knee osteoarthritis with effusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87321", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "symptomatic knee osteoarthritis" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87323", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of regimens of amphotericin B deoxycholate in kala-azar . A total of 288 parasitologically proved patients of kala-azar were randomly allocated to three treatment groups . Patients in groups A , B and C received amphotericin B ( AMB ) in a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight ( bw ) /day , 0.75 mg/kg bw/day and 0.5 mg/kg bw/day for 20 days respectively . Apparent cure ( afebrile at the end of therapy ) occurred in all patients and parasitological cure in 96 ( 100 % ) , 92 ( 96 % ) and 84 ( 88 % ) patients respectively in groups A , B and C. Ultimate cure ( no relapse in six months of follow up ) occurred in 95 ( 99 % ) , 87 ( 91 % ) and 79 ( 82 % ) patients in groups A , B and C respectively . The difference between the ultimate cure in the three groups was significant ( P < 0.05 ) . The incidence of adverse events ( rise in serum creatinine and fall in serum potassium , loss of appetite and shivering , rigor and fever during infusion indicative of renal , GIT and infusion related toxicities respectively ) was similar in the three groups . This study showed that amphotericin B should be given at a dosage of 1 mg/kg bw/day for 20 days for Indian kala-azar patients to minimise relapses and prevent development of drug unresponsiveness ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1255 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87324", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amphotericin B deoxycholate" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87325", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amphotericin B ( AMB )" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87326", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "amphotericin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87327", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "parasitological cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87328", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ultimate cure" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87329", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events ( rise in serum creatinine and fall in serum potassium , loss of appetite and shivering" ], "offsets": [ [ 814, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87330", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "drug unresponsiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1232, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87331", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "kala-azar" ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87332", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "288" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "parasitologically proved patients of kala-azar" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 130 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87334", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Indian kala-azar patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 1158, 1183 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87336", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effect of body positioning upon maximal oxygenation of patients with unilateral lung pathology . A quasi-experimental , repeated-measures cross-over design study on the effect of body position on oxygenation ( SaO2 ) blood pressure , respiration and pulse in patients with unilateral lung pathology was conducted . Previous research strongly suggests that positioning with the healthy ( unaffected ) lung in the dependent lateral ( down ) position is related to improved oxygenation , but knowledge about whether this effect is maintained over time is lacking . The purpose of this investigation was to determine : ( 1 ) Is positioning with the unaffected lung in the dependent lateral position related to increased arterial blood saturation levels and decreased blood pressure , pulse and respiration ? ( 2 ) What is the relationship between the dependent variables -- oxygenation saturation levels , blood pressure , pulse and respiration -- and the independent variables -- body position and time in the position ? Thirty-nine patients with unilateral lung pathology were positioned on their sides with the unaffected lung down , on their sides with the affected lung down , and also in semi-Fowler 's position . Arterial ( SaO2 ) blood saturation and vital signs were measured at baseline 0 , 15 and 30 minutes . There was no statistically significant relationship between oxygenation level or systolic blood pressure . Diastolic blood pressure , respiration and pulse did vary significantly with position ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1515 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87337", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "maximal oxygenation" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87338", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxygenation ( SaO2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87339", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "positioned on their sides with the unaffected lung down , on their sides with the affected lung down , and also in semi-Fowler 's position" ], "offsets": [ [ 1079, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87340", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "Arterial ( SaO2 ) blood saturation and vital signs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87341", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Arterial ( SaO2 ) blood saturation and vital signs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1270 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87342", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "oxygenation level or systolic blood pressure . Diastolic blood pressure , respiration and pulse" ], "offsets": [ [ 1381, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87343", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unilateral lung pathology" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87344", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unilateral lung pathology" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87345", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87346", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "unilateral lung pathology" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87348", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized trial comparing induction chemotherapy versus induction chemotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy in small-cell lung cancer . European Lung Cancer Working Party . PURPOSE AND METHODS The European Lung Cancer Working Party ( ELCWP ) performed a randomized trial with the primary end point to determine if maintenance chemotherapy with 12 courses of etoposide ( 120 mg/m2 on days 1 and 3 ) and vindesine ( 3 mg/m2 on day 3 ) could improve progression-free survival in small-cell lung cancer ( SCLC ) patients who responded to six courses of induction chemotherapy with ifosfamide , etoposide , and an anthracycline ( doxorubicin or epirubicin ) . RESULTS Among 235 eligible patients initially registered , 91 were randomized to receive maintenance therapy , including seven patients who were no longer responding . Among 84 randomized responders , progression-free survival was significantly improved ( P = .003 ) by maintenance therapy , with median durations ( maintenance v follow-up ) of 25 versus 12 weeks after the second randomization , but survival was not significantly increased ( P = .10 ) , with median durations of 48 and 38 weeks . However , in a multi-variate analysis that took into account disease extent , maintenance therapy , Karnofsky performance status ( PS ) , and absolute dose-intensity ( ADI ) of anthracycline given during induction , limited disease ( LD ) and maintenance were found to be independent positive predictors of survival . CONCLUSION We conclude that maintenance chemotherapy in responding patients is beneficial in SCLC ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1580 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87349", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87350", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87351", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "maintenance chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vindesine" ], "offsets": [ [ 411, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induction chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ifosfamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87356", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anthracycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 618, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87358", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87359", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epirubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87360", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87361", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87362", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87363", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "account disease extent , maintenance therapy , Karnofsky performance status ( PS ) , and absolute dose-intensity ( ADI ) of anthracycline" ], "offsets": [ [ 1216, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87364", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "limited disease ( LD ) and maintenance" ], "offsets": [ [ 1379, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87365", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1470, 1480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87366", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "small-cell lung cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 120, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87367", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "235" ], "offsets": [ [ 678, 681 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87368", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "91" ], "offsets": [ [ 723, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87369", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 785, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87371", "type": "document", "text": [ "Removing bee stings . BACKGROUND Conventional advice on immediate treatment of honey-bee stings has emphasised that the sting should be scraped off , never pinched . The morphology of the sting suggested little basis for this advice , which is likely to slow down removal of the sting . METHODS The response to honey-bee stings was assayed with a measurement of the size of the resulting weal . Injection of known quantities of venom showed that this measurement is a good indicator of envenomisation . FINDINGS Weal size , and thus envenomisation , increased as the time from stinging to removal of the sting increased , even within a few seconds . There was no difference in response between stings scraped or pinched off after 2 s. INTERPRETATION These data suggest that advice to patients on the immediate treatment of bee stings should emphasise quick removal , without concern for the method of removal ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 910 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87372", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Removing bee stings" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87373", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "venom" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87374", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "quick removal" ], "offsets": [ [ 851, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Weal size" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time from stinging to removal of the sting" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87377", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "stings scraped or pinched off" ], "offsets": [ [ 694, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bee stings" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87379", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "honey-bee stings" ], "offsets": [ [ 79, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87381", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Clinical early phase II study of bicalutamide ( Casodex ) in patients with prostatic cancer ] . To investigate the efficacy and safety of bicalutamide ( Casodex ) with its clinically recommended dose , the randomized early phase II study was performed in 124 patients with prostatic cancer ( stage C , D ) . The patients were given 50 , 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide orally once a day in fixed doses for 12 weeks ; 122 patients were eligible for evaluation . The overall response rate was 50.0 % ( 20/40 ) , 61.0 % ( 25/41 ) and 53.7 % ( 22/41 ) in the 50 mg , 80 mg and 100 mg groups , respectively . The response rate in prostate lesion , bone and lymph node metastases was slightly higher in the 80 mg group than in the 50 mg and 100 mg groups . The proportion of patients showing a response with regard to serum PSA ( CR and PR ) was 84.2 , 92.7 and 97.6 % in the 50 , 80 and 100 mg groups , respectively . The incidence of adverse reactions was 65.0 , 61.0 and 61.0 % in the 50 , 80 and 100 mg groups , respectively , and there was no significant difference in overall safety rating in the three groups . Frequent adverse reactions were gynecomastia and breast pain . Only one patient in the 80 mg group was withdrawn due to shortness of breath . Serum concentrations of LH , testosterone and estradiol increased significantly after treatment . Bicalutamide was concluded to be effective and well tolerated in patients with prostatic cancer , and its recommended dose was 80 mg once daily ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1496 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bicalutamide ( Casodex )" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87383", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bicalutamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87384", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "50 , 80 or 100 mg of bicalutamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87385", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Bicalutamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87386", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87387", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87388", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rate in prostate lesion , bone and lymph node metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 607, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87389", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proportion of patients showing a response with regard to serum PSA ( CR and PR )" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 834 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87390", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "incidence of adverse reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 946 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87391", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "no significant difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1063 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87392", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall safety rating" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1088 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87393", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Frequent adverse reactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1111, 1137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87394", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "gynecomastia and breast pain ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1143, 1173 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87395", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "withdrawn due to shortness of breath ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87396", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum concentrations of LH , testosterone and estradiol increased significantly" ], "offsets": [ [ 1253, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87397", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "prostatic cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87398", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "124" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 260 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87399", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87400", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87402", "type": "document", "text": [ "Influence of acute myocardial infarction location on in-hospital and late outcome after primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty versus tissue plasminogen activator therapy . In the Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction trial , 395 patients with acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) were prospectively randomized to tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA ) or primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA ) . In 138 patients with anterior wall AMI , in-hospital mortality was significantly reduced by treatment with PTCA compared with tPA ( 1.4 % vs 11.9 % , p = 0.01 ) . PTCA also resulted in lower rates of death or reinfarction ( 1.4 % vs 18.0 % , p = 0.0009 ) , recurrent myocardial ischemia ( 11.3 % vs 28.4 % , p = 0.01 ) , and stroke ( 0.0 % vs 6.0 % , p = 0.037 ) in anterior wall AMI . The independent beneficial effect of treatment with primary PTCA rather than tPA in anterior wall AMI was confirmed by multivariate analysis and interaction testing . The in-hospital mortality of 257 patients with nonanterior wall AMI was similar after PTCA and tPA ( 3.2 % vs 3.8 % , p = 0.82 ) . Compared with tPA , however , primary PTCA resulted in a markedly lower rate of recurrent myocardial ischemia ( 9.7 % vs 27.8 % , p = 0.0002 ) , fewer unscheduled catheterization and revascularization procedures , and a shorter hospital stay ( 7.0 vs 8.6 days , p = 0.01 ) in nonanterior wall AMI . Thus , compared with tPA , primary PTCA in patients with anterior wall AMI results in significantly improved survival , with lower rates of stroke , reinfarction , and recurrent myocardial ischemia . In nonanterior wall AMI , treatment with PTCA and tPA results in similar early mortality , although PTCA-treated patients have a more stable hospital course characterized by reduced recurrent ischemia , fewer subsequent invasive procedures , and earlier discharge ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1890 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87403", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 88, 142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87404", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tissue plasminogen activator therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 150, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87405", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "tissue plasminogen activator ( tPA" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87406", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87407", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty ( PTCA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 439 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87408", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "in-hospital mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87409", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87410", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "death or reinfarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87411", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87413", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "in-hospital mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87414", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87415", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "unscheduled catheterization" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1304 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87416", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "revascularization procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87417", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital stay" ], "offsets": [ [ 1354, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87418", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "improved survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1525, 1542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87419", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rates of" ], "offsets": [ [ 633, 641 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87420", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke" ], "offsets": [ [ 767, 773 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87421", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reinfarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87422", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent myocardial ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 699, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87423", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrent ischemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1807, 1825 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87425", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "subsequent invasive procedures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1834, 1864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87426", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 1879, 1888 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87427", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute myocardial infarction" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87428", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "395" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87429", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87430", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "138" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 448 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87431", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "257" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87433", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of diclofenac sodium and morphine sulphate for postoperative analgesia after day case inguinal hernia surgery . Postoperative pain may be a significant reason for delayed discharge from hospital , increased morbidity and reduced patient satisfaction with ambulatory hernia surgery . This study compared two postoperative oral analgesic protocols after day case inguinal hernia repair ; 30 mg morphine sulphate ( MST ) and 10 mg metoclopramide every 8 h for 48 h or 75 mg diclofenac twice daily for 48 h. The pain reported in the MST group was significantly greater on both the day of operation and the first postoperative day ( P < 0.05 , Mann-Whitney U test ) . A significantly higher proportion of patients taking MST complained of nausea on the day of operation and on the 1st postoperative day ( P < 0.05 , chi 2 ) . The time taken to walk , dress and leave home alone were achieved in a significantly shorter duration in patients taking diclofenac . We conclude that diclofenac provides effective analgesia , has a more acceptable side-effect profile than morphine sulphate and is the treatment of choice after ambulatory hernia surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1154 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87434", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac sodium and morphine sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87435", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "30 mg morphine sulphate ( MST )" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87436", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "10 mg metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 433, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87437", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "75 mg diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87438", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MST" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MST" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac ." ], "offsets": [ [ 953, 965 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87441", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diclofenac" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 24 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine sulphate" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87443", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "postoperative analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87444", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Postoperative pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 123, 141 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87445", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain reported" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87446", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 745, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87447", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time taken to walk , dress and leave home alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 883 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87448", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "analgesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87449", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inguinal hernia surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87450", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ambulatory hernia surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87451", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "day case inguinal hernia repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87452", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients taking MST" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87454", "type": "document", "text": [ "Resource utilization and costs of care in the diabetes control and complications trial . OBJECTIVE To describe in detail the resources used and costs incurred in the clinical management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( IDDM ) in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial ( DCCT ) . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The resources used for intensive and conventional therapy and to deal with the side effects of therapy were assessed at each of the 29 DCCT clinics and summarized . Unit costs were derived from the DCCT , manufacturers , and Medicare and chosen to reflect what an item would cost to a single-payer national health system . Costs were calculated as the product of resources used and unit costs . The costs of the research component of the DCCT were not included . RESULTS In the DCCT , the annual cost of intensive therapy ( $ 4,000 and $ 5,800/year for multiple daily injections and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion , respectively ) was approximately three times the cost of conventional therapy ( $ 1,700/year ) . A large portion of the difference in cost was related to the greater frequency of outpatient visits and the greater resources used in self-care . CONCLUSIONS DCCT intensive therapy is more expensive than conventional therapy , but it offers the hope of cost savings as a result of averted complications ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1362 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87455", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "insulin-dependent" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87456", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "intensive and conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 358, 392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87457", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs of care" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87458", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resources" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87459", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs incurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87460", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 658, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87461", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87462", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "annual cost of intensive therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 856 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87463", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost of conventional therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1038 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87464", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87465", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "frequency of outpatient visits" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87466", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "resources used in self-care" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1201 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87467", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 238 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87468", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "IDDM" ], "offsets": [ [ 241, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87469", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "29" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87471", "type": "document", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics of adriamycin and adriamycin -- DNA complex in L1210 mice and men ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 84 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adriamycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87473", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adriamycin -- DNA complex" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87474", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87475", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "and men" ], "offsets": [ [ 75, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87477", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of chronic aerobic exercise and progressive relaxation on motor performance and affect following acute stress . The effects of a 10-week aerobic exercise and progressive relaxation training program on somatic , emotional , and behavioral responses to acute stress , as determined by quality of motor performance and affect , were examined . The participants consisted of 60 unfit male university undergraduate students with no previous training in stress management who were randomly and evenly assigned to engage in one of four treatments over 10 weeks : ( a ) moderate aerobic exercise , ( b ) progressive relaxation , ( c ) a placebo group that engaged in group discussion but did experience acute stress , and ( d ) a nonintervention control group that did not experience stress while performing the motor task . Acute stress consisted of \" losing \" against a competitor of the opposite sex on the criterion motor task while receiving unpleasant information about their performance over 30 preintervention and 30 postintervention trials . Analyses indicated that aerobic exercisers , in comparisons with the other groups , responded to acute stress with more positive affect , lower stressor task heart rate , reduced systolic ( but not diastolic ) blood pressure , and superior motor performance . Progressive relaxation markedly reduced systolic blood pressure but did not favorably influence performance or affect in response to acute stress . Placebo and control groups were statistically similar on all measures . The findings indicated support for the use of chronic aerobic exercise as a strategy for improved coping with acute stress ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1654 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87478", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "chronic aerobic exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87479", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "progressive relaxation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87480", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "aerobic exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87481", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "progressive relaxation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87482", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "one of four treatments over 10 weeks" ], "offsets": [ [ 524, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87483", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "moderate aerobic exercise" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87484", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "progressive relaxation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87485", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo group that engaged in group discussion but did experience acute stress" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 714 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87486", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "nonintervention control group that did not experience stress while performing the motor task" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87487", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lower stressor task heart rate , reduced systolic ( but not diastolic ) blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1188, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87488", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "motor performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87489", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "systolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1350, 1373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87490", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 378, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87491", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87493", "type": "document", "text": [ "A double-blind comparative study of ofloxacin otic drops versus neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone otic drops in the medical treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media . Active chronic suppurative otitis media poses a management problem when patients are being considered for surgical treatment . Topical antibiotics have demonstrated varying degrees of success in the management of discharging ears . The introduction of quinolones has revived interest in these topical agents . This double-blind study compares two antibiotics , namely ofloxacin and neomycin-polymyxin B , with similar in vitro sensitivities to Gram positive and Gram negative organisms . Fifty-two patients were selected randomly and the results show that ofloxacin eardrops have marginal benefits in symptomatic improvement ( 89 per cent versus 79 per cent , p = 0.27 ) and bacterial eradication ( 81 per cent versus 75 per cent , p = 0.81 ) in active chronic suppurative otitis media . Significantly fewer patients ( seven per cent versus 29 per cent , p = 0.04 ) in the ofloxacin group had active disease at the end of the two-week treatment . We recommend the use of ofloxacin eardrops in managing active chronic suppurative otitis media since it has high clinical efficacy , contains no steroid component and has no demonstrated risk of ototoxicity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1329 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87494", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ofloxacin otic drops" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87495", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "neomycin-polymyxin B-hydrocortisone otic drops" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87496", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 309, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87497", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ofloxacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 45 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87498", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "neomycin-polymyxin B" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87499", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ofloxacin eardrops" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87500", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ofloxacin eardrops" ], "offsets": [ [ 730, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87501", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "symptomatic improvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 798 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87502", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bacterial eradication" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87503", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "active chronic suppurative otitis media" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87504", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1074, 1081 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87505", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1234, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87506", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "risk of ototoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1308, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87507", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic suppurative otitis media" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87508", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Active chronic suppurative otitis media" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87509", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "discharging ears" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87510", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 671 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87511", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chronic suppurative otitis media" ], "offsets": [ [ 139, 171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87512", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "active chronic suppurative otitis media" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87514", "type": "document", "text": [ "Accuracy of pelvic radiotherapy : prospective analysis of 90 patients in a randomised trial of blocked versus standard radiotherapy . The aim of this study was to assess the accuracy of pelvic radiotherapy during a trial of blocked radiotherapy at the Royal Marsden Hospital , UK . Prospective evaluation was performed on 90 patients receiving CT planned pelvic radiotherapy using weekly anterior-posterior and lateral portal films . Field placement errors ( FPEs ) were calculated by comparing field centres of each film with a designated point of interest . Data was evaluated to calculate the overall treatment simulator differences , the number of error free treatments , and mean treatment-simulator position and to evaluate the role of systematic versus random errors . Age , weight , disease site , position of treatment , fractionation , blocked versus conventional techniques were assessed for their effect on treatment accuracy . The mean absolute error between treatment and simulator films was anterior right-left ( ARL ) 0.25 cm , anterior superior-inferior ( ASI ) 0.32 cm , lateral anterior-posterior ( LAP ) 0.42 cm , and lateral superior-inferior ( LSI ) 0.28 cm . On average the field centre was displaced by 0.66 cm ( standard deviation , S.D . = 0.34 ) from that intended . On each treatment day 29 % of anterior films and 45 % of lateral films had at least one 0.5 cm error . Overall 59 % of treatments had at least one 0.5 cm error and 9 % a 1.0 cm error . The field centre was more than 0.5 cm from the position intended in 66 % of treatments and over 1 cm for 14 % of treatments . Analysis of variance showed that both random and systematic errors occurred in all directions . Though random errors were of similar magnitude in all direction ( variance sigma 2 = 0.06-0.09 cm2 ) ; systematic errors showed a 4-fold variation being greatest in the LAP direction ( sigma 2 = 0.19 cm2 ) and least the ARL direction ( sigma 2 = 0.048 cm2 ) . No factor consistently predicted for worse outcome in all directions . Hypofractionated treatments were less accurate in the LSI direction ( P > 0.05 ) . Systematic errors were associated in the ARL direction with hypofractionation ( P < 0.01 ) and , in the LSI direction with weight ( P < 0.03 ) and age ( P < 0.05 ) . We conclude that significant random and systematic errors can occur during pelvic radiotherapy especially in the LAP direction . These results suggest that in the absence of a customised immobilisation device , to cover 95 % of errors , margins of 0.6 cm for RL and SI directions and 0.9 cm for AP direction should be allowed between the planning and clinical target volumes . However , ideally , each centre should determine their own margin requirements according to local clinical practice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2775 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87515", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87516", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87517", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "CT planned pelvic radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 344, 374 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87518", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87519", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "accuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87520", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Field placement errors ( FPEs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 434, 465 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87521", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "overall treatment simulator differences , the number of error free treatments , and mean treatment-simulator position" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87522", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "evaluate the role of systematic versus random errors ." ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87523", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Age , weight , disease site , position of treatment , fractionation , blocked versus conventional techniques" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87524", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "mean absolute error" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 963 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87525", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "accurate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2070, 2078 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87526", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Systematic errors" ], "offsets": [ [ 2115, 2132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87527", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pelvic radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87528", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "90" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87529", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "90" ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87530", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pelvic radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87532", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Intraoperative continuous epidural block influences postoperative changes in breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal movement associated with upper abdominal surgery ] . We have examined the changes in breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal movement associated with upper abdominal surgery in order to evaluate the possible influences of nociceptive input on respiration . Sixteen patients scheduled for gastrectomy were studied . Continuous epidural block was instituted prior to the induction of anesthesia and maintained throughout the surgery in 8 of 16 patients ( Group 1 ) while it was instituted upon the peritoneal closure and maintained thereafter in the remaining 8 patients ( Group 2 ) . Breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion were determined before and after surgery while the patients awake by respiratory inductance plethysmography ( Respisomnography , Chest MI ) . Breathing frequency and minute ventilation increased significantly while tidal volume was unchanged after the operation regardless of the intraoperative epidural block . Furthermore , there were identical shortening of inspiratory time and prolongation of duty ratio ( inspiratory time/duration of a breath ) in the two groups . Contribution of rib cage movement on tidal volume increased significantly postoperatively in all the patients . However , the changes were significantly smaller in patients receiving intraoperative epidural block . These results indicate that the causes of tachypnea and increased minute ventilation are different from the mechanism responsible for the alteration of thoracoabdominal partitioning of ventilation after upper abdominal surgery . The former may be related to the metabolic changes and , conceivably , unaffected by continuous epidural block . While the latter may be the consequence of the reflex inhibition of the diaphragmatic function that can be , at least partially , modified by continuous epidural block ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1943 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87533", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Continuous" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87534", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epidural block" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87535", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87536", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "respiratory inductance plethysmography ( Respisomnography , Chest MI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 885 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87537", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Breathing pattern and thoracoabdominal motion" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 745 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87538", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Breathing frequency and minute ventilation" ], "offsets": [ [ 888, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87539", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "inspiratory time and prolongation of duty ratio" ], "offsets": [ [ 1107, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87540", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Contribution of rib cage movement on tidal volume" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87541", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixteen" ], "offsets": [ [ 374, 381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87542", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "scheduled for gastrectomy" ], "offsets": [ [ 391, 416 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87544", "type": "document", "text": [ "Risperidone in the treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenia : a meta-analysis . Risperidone has antiserotonergic and antidopaminergic properties that may make it more effective than conventional antipsychotic agents in the treatment of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia . Clinical trials in chronic schizophrenic patients have shown trends in favor of risperidone in the control of negative symptoms compared with haloperidol , perphenazine or zuclopenthixol , but the differences were not consistently statistically significant . A meta-analysis of the pooled results from six double-blind trials showed that risperidone at doses ranging from 4 to 8 mg/day had a significantly ( p < 0.004 ) higher negative symptom response rate , defined as the percentage of patients with a 20 % or more reduction in scores on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale , than patients receiving active controls . The combined patient population treated with 4-8 mg/day of risperidone was 1.43 times more likely to have had a clinical response on the negative symptom subscale than the combined population treated with haloperidol , perphenazine or zuclopenthixol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1186 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87545", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87546", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87547", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87548", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87549", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "perphenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87550", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zuclopenthixol" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87551", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87552", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "risperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 364, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87553", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "haloperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 426, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87554", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "perphenazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 440, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87555", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zuclopenthixol" ], "offsets": [ [ 456, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87556", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "negative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87557", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "negative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87558", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "negative symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87559", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "negative symptom response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87560", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "more reduction in scores on the negative subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 890 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87561", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "clinical response on the negative symptom subscale" ], "offsets": [ [ 1047, 1097 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87562", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia :" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87563", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87565", "type": "document", "text": [ "Measuring the impact of patient counseling in the outpatient pharmacy setting : the research design of the Kaiser Permanente/USC patient consultation study . This article describes the research method used to measure the impact of three alternative models of patient counseling in the outpatient pharmacy setting . The study was conducted in pharmacies operated by the Southern California region Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program . Both random assignment and large-scale geographic area research designs were used . The presentation of the research design includes discussions of data collection and patient sampling methods ; the measurement of patient outcomes , including measures of health care costs and utilization , patient functional status , and quality of life . Demographic data are presented for the study population , including an analysis of potential biased selection of patients electing to participate in random assignment . Data are also presented documenting potential selection bias across geographically determined treatment groups in the geographic area design arm . Finally , the article presents the analysis plan for the study and discusses study limitations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1190 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87566", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "patient counseling" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87567", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "patient counseling" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87568", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87569", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "measures of health care costs and utilization" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87570", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patient functional status" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87571", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 760, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87572", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Measuring the impact of patient counseling in the outpatient pharmacy setting : the research design of the Kaiser Permanente/USC patient consultation study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87574", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prediction of the infarct-related artery in acute myocardial infarction by a scoring system using summary ST-segment and T-wave changes . We developed a scoring system to predict the artery responsible for an acute myocardial infarction ( AMI ) using ST-segment and T-wave changes on the initial electrocardiogram ( ECG ) using data from 228 patients ( development set ) with symptoms compatible with AMI and tested in a similar group of 223 patients ( test set ) from the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction ( TAMI-5 ) Trial . Using stepwise logistic regression we were able to accurately predict the left anterior descending ( LAD ) , right , or left circumflex ( LC ) coronary artery as the infarct-related artery using 2 variables : ( 1 ) the summation of the ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V4 ; and ( 2 ) the summation of the T-wave negativity in leads I , aVL , and V5 . In the development set , these 2 variables demonstrated respective sensitivity and specificity of 98 % and 90 % for LAD lesions , 82 % and 85 % for right narrowings , and 82 % and 84 % for LC narrowings . In the test set , the sensitivity and specificity were 97 % and 95 % for LAD lesions , 85 % and 86 % for right lesions , and 73 % and 60 % for LC coronary artery lesions . Information easily obtained on the ECG can accurately predict the likelihood of the LAD , right , or LC artery as the infarct-related artery . This may be useful in the decision to administer thrombolytic treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1493 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87575", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "summary ST-segment and T-wave changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87576", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ST-segment and T-wave changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87577", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "initial electrocardiogram ( ECG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87578", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sensitivity and specificity" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87579", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "sensitivity and specificity" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87580", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "LC coronary artery lesions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1248, 1274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87581", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "228" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87582", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "AMI" ], "offsets": [ [ 239, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87583", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "223" ], "offsets": [ [ 438, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87585", "type": "document", "text": [ "Continuous and cyclical clodronate therapies and bone density in postmenopausal bone loss . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of different clodronate regimens in postmenopausal osteoporosis . METHODS In groups of 20 , 60 women were randomly assigned to one of three treatments : oral calcium , 1000 mg/day ; oral calcium plus oral clodronate , 400 mg/day ; oral calcium plus oral clodronate , 400 mg/day for 30 days , followed by a 60-day period of calcium supplement alone . This last regimen was repeated four times in the 12-month study period . RESULTS Patients who received calcium alone showed a decline in spinal bone mass , both after 6 and 12 months ( P < .03 and P < .005 , respectively ) ; femoral density in this group also decreased after 6 and 12 months ( P < .002 and P < .05 , respectively ) . On the other hand , both clodronate-treated groups had increased levels of lumbar bone mass compared with controls , both after 6 and 12 months of therapy . However , at the end of the study , patients treated with cyclical clodronate had higher spinal bone mass compared with those treated continuously ( 3.32 +/- 0.71 versus 0.43 +/- 0.89 % , P < .02 ) . After 6 months , femoral bone density was significantly higher both in subjects treated with clodronate , both cyclically and continuously ( P < .01 ) , compared with controls . Continuous clodronate treatment resulted in a clear fall in biochemical indices of bone resorption , together with a consequent decrease in osteocalcin at 6 ( P < .02 ) and 12 months ( P < .003 ) and a significant increase in parathyroid hormone after 12 months ( P < .001 ) of therapy . CONCLUSION One-year treatment with clodronate induces a gain in bone mass , especially in the spine . The continuous regimen does not result in any further benefit in lumbar bone density over the cyclical one , probably because of a greater suppression of bone turnover ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1910 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87586", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclical clodronate therapies" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87587", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clodronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87588", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral calcium , 1000 mg/day ; oral calcium plus oral clodronate , 400 mg/day ; oral calcium plus oral clodronate , 400 mg/day for 30 days , followed by a 60-day period of calcium supplement alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87589", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 585, 598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87590", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clodronate-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 859 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87591", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclical clodronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87592", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Continuous clodronate treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 1351, 1382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87593", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clodronate" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87594", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "spinal bone mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87595", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "spinal bone mass" ], "offsets": [ [ 619, 635 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87596", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "femoral bone density" ], "offsets": [ [ 1190, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87597", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bone resorption" ], "offsets": [ [ 1434, 1449 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87598", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "parathyroid hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1577, 1596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87599", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal bone loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87600", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "postmenopausal osteoporosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87601", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87602", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "60" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 226 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87603", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87604", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "received calcium" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87606", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of glucocorticoids on energy metabolism and food intake in humans . The effect of glucocorticoid administration on energy metabolism and food intake was studied in 20 healthy , nondiabetic Caucasian male volunteers [ 27 +/- 5 ( SD ) yr , 72 +/- 9 kg , 20 +/- 7 % body fat ] randomly and blindly assigned to glucocorticoid ( methylprednisolone , METH ; n = 10 ) or placebo ( PLAC ; n = 10 ) treatment . Each subject was studied twice : during a weight maintenance diet and during ad libitum food intake . Energy metabolism was measured by indirect calorimetry and food intake by an automated food-selection system . Twenty-four-hour urinary norepinephrine excretion ( 24-h NE ) was used as an estimate of sympathetic nervous system activity . During weight maintenance , METH intravenous infusion ( 125 mg/30 min ) increased energy expenditure compared with PLAC , and after 4 days of oral therapy , METH ( 40 mg/day ) decreased 24-h NE and increased energy expenditure compared with PLAC . During ad libitum food intake , after 4 days of METH ( 40 mg/day ) or PLAC oral therapy , both groups increased their energy intake over weight maintenance , but the increase was significantly larger in the METH group compared with the PLAC group ( 4,554 +/- 1,857 vs. 2,867 +/- 846 kcal/day ; P = 0.04 ) . Our data suggest that therapeutic doses of glucocorticoids induce obesity mostly by increasing energy intake , an effect which may be related to the ability of glucocorticoids to act directly or indirectly on the central regulation of appetite ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1550 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87607", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucocorticoids" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87608", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucocorticoid" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87609", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glucocorticoid ( methylprednisolone , METH ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87610", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( PLAC ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 372, 388 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87612", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "food intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87613", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87614", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "food intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87615", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Energy metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 529 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87616", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "food intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87617", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary norepinephrine excretion" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 672 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87618", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sympathetic nervous system activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 747 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy expenditure" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87620", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy expenditure" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1116, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87622", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "energy intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1116, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87624", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparison of analgesic effect of locally and systemically administered ketorolac in mastectomy patients . BACKGROUND Ketorolac is a parenteral nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug ( NSAID ) . Two features have limited its clinical utility : tendency to elicit kidney failure and inability to produce complete analgesia . Because most NSAIDs are weak acids ( pKa 3-5 ) and become concentrated in acidic tissues , such as injured and inflamed tissues , we hypothesized that local administration may enhance its analgesic efficacy while lowering the potential for systemic complications . METHODS We conducted a randomized , placebo-controlled study of 60 group I-II ( American Society of Anesthesiology criteria ) mastectomy patients , 20 in each group . Near the end of surgery and every 6 h postoperatively , 20 ml of the study solution containing normal saline with or without 30 mg of ketorolac were administered simultaneously either via a Jackson-Pratt drain or intravenously in a double-blind fashion . The quality of pain control , the amount and character of the drain fluid , incidence of nausea and vomiting , length of stay in the postoperative care unit , and amount of morphine used for treatment of break-through pain were recorded . RESULTS Intraoperative administration of ketorolac resulted in better quality of pain control in the immediate postoperative period regardless of route of administration . The incidence of nausea was significantly higher in the placebo group , and drain output in the ketorolac groups did not exceed the output in the placebo group . CONCLUSION Analgesic of the locally administered ketorolac is equally effective to the efficacy of ketorolac administered intravenously ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1717 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87625", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87626", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87627", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87628", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "normal saline with or without 30 mg of ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 847, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87631", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 621, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87633", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ketorolac" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 81 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87634", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of pain control , the amount and character of the drain fluid , incidence of nausea and vomiting ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87635", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "length of stay in the postoperative care unit , and amount of morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1118, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87636", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "quality of pain control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "drain output" ], "offsets": [ [ 1494, 1506 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87639", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1650, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87640", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87642", "type": "document", "text": [ "Deep vein thrombosis after major reconstructive spinal surgery . STUDY DESIGN A prospective study was performed . OBJECTIVES The goals of the study were to determine the incidence of deep vein thrombosis after major adult spinal surgery and the optimal mode of prophylaxis in this surgical population . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Few studies have evaluated deep vein thrombosis incidence and prophylaxis after major adult spinal surgery . Incidence rates have ranged from 0.9-14 % . METHODS Three hundred twenty-nine patients were evaluated . One hundred ten patients were randomized to 3 different deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis groups . These patients had duplex doppler scans between the fifth and seventh postoperative days . The remaining 219 patients formed a nonrandomized group and received either thrombosis embolic deterrent stockings alone or thrombosis embolic deterrent stockings and pneumatic compression boots for deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis . The type of deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis in this group was based on surgeon preference . All 329 patients were followed for clinical signs and symptoms of thromboembolic disease . Patients were followed clinically for a minimum of 1 year . RESULTS All 110 prophylaxis study group patients were clinically asymptomatic and 109 duplex scans were normal . One scan was indeterminate and a follow-up venogram was negative . Two patients in the coumadin group ( 5.7 % ) experienced excessive blood loss . One of the 219 patients from the nonrandomized group developed a clinically detectable proximal deep vein thrombosis which was confirmed by duplex ultra-sonography . The overall clinical incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 0.3 % ( 1 in 329 patients ) . CONCLUSIONS This low 0.3 % rate is in agreement with recent studies that focus on thromboembolic disease . Given the low incidence , routine screening for asymptomatic thrombi appears unwarranted . In addition , mechanical prophylaxis with graduated compression stockings and pneumatic compression boots is preferable to anticoagulation therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2071 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87643", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "duplex doppler scans" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87644", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "thrombosis embolic deterrent stockings alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 808, 852 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87645", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "thrombosis embolic deterrent stockings and pneumatic compression boots" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 926 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87646", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87647", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87648", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87649", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87650", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 599, 631 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87651", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duplex doppler scans" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87652", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinical signs and symptoms of thromboembolic disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1094, 1149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87653", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "asymptomatic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1275, 1287 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87654", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duplex scans" ], "offsets": [ [ 1296, 1308 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "excessive blood loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1467 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87656", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "clinically detectable proximal deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1586 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87657", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duplex ultra-sonography" ], "offsets": [ [ 1610, 1633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87658", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87659", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thromboembolic disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87660", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87661", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major reconstructive spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87662", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "deep vein thrombosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87663", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major adult spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87664", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major adult spinal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87665", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Three hundred twenty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 491, 516 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87666", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred ten" ], "offsets": [ [ 543, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87668", "type": "document", "text": [ "MRI signal hyperintensities in geriatric depression . OBJECTIVE The authors rated periventricular and subcortical signal hyperintensities on magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI ) scans in elderly patients with depression and in normal subjects with similar demographic features to examine whether such changes discriminate patients with depression from normal subjects and whether they are associated with any clinical variables . METHOD Two established hyperintensity rating systems were used to compare the MRI brain scans of 48 elderly patients with depression diagnosed according to DSM-III-R with the scans of 39 normal elderly subjects . RESULTS Elderly depressed patients manifested significantly more severe hyperintensity ratings in the subcortical gray matter than age-matched comparison subjects . Significant differences were not identified between patients with similar current ages and cerebrovascular disease risk who had early-onset or late-onset depression . CONCLUSIONS These findings support those of neuroimaging studies implicating the basal ganglia in depression and geriatric depression . The data suggest that the relationship observed in some reports between late-onset depression and MRI hyperintensities is most likely a function of cerebrovascular disease risk and age ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1295 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87669", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "MRI signal" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87670", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "magnetic resonance imaging ( MRI )" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87671", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "MRI brain scans" ], "offsets": [ [ 506, 521 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87672", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "MRI" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87673", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hyperintensity ratings" ], "offsets": [ [ 713, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87674", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "geriatric depression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87675", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "elderly patients with depression and in normal subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87677", "type": "document", "text": [ "The effects of chronic naltrexone treatment in young autistic children : a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study . In a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover trial 23 autistic children , aged 3-7 years , were treated with a mean daily dosage of 1 mg/kg naltrexone for 4 weeks . Drug effects were monitored with behavior checklists rated by parents and teachers , and ethological playroom observations . On average , parents ' checklists and playroom data could not differentiate between naltrexone treatment and placebo treatment ; however , teachers significantly favored naltrexone treatment . They reported a decrease in hyperactivity and irritability . No effects of naltrexone on social and stereotypic behavior could be demonstrated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 754 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87679", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87680", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "naltrexone" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87681", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "hyperactivity and irritability ." ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87682", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "young autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87683", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87684", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ ":" ], "offsets": [ [ 71, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87685", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "23 autistic" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87686", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87687", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ ", aged 3-7 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 215 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87689", "type": "document", "text": [ "Metabolic and hormonal responses to induced hypotension for middle ear surgery . We have investigated in 30 patients the metabolic and hormonal responses to middle ear surgery using induced hypotension to a mean arterial pressure of 55 mm Hg . A standardized anaesthetic technique of propranolol , thiopentone-vecuronium-isoflurane was used in all patients and hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside , trimetaphan camsylate or additional isoflurane . All patients showed a classic stress response with an increase in circulating blood glucose , cortisol and growth hormone concentrations . Blood lactate and plasma uric acid concentrations changed little during operation , suggesting that tissue oxygenation was adequate . However , the former declined after operation , possibly as a result of the concomitant use of propranolol . There were no significant differences between the three hypotensive techniques in their effects on the hormonal and metabolic response , although the increase in blood glucose concentration in the trimetaphan group was obtunded . We conclude that induced hypotension for middle ear surgery induced an endocrine and metabolic response of small magnitude and short duration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1213 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87690", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induced hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87691", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "induced hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87692", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propranolol , thiopentone-vecuronium-isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 284, 331 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87693", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hypotension induced with sodium nitroprusside , trimetaphan camsylate or additional isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 361, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87694", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "stress response" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87695", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in circulating blood glucose" ], "offsets": [ [ 512, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87696", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "cortisol" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87697", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "growth hormone" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87698", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 594 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87699", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Blood lactate and plasma uric acid concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 597, 646 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87700", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood glucose concentration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1002, 1029 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87701", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "middle ear surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87702", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "30" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87703", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87705", "type": "document", "text": [ "Randomized controlled trial of acellular diphtheria , pertussis and tetanus vaccines in southern Ghana . A randomized controlled trial of acellular diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus ( ADPT ) freeze-dried and liquid vaccines in infants was conducted in a peri-urban community ( Ashaiman ) in southern Ghana . Immunogenicity of the acellular vaccines , persistence of antibodies and adverse reactions were compared with those achieved with a whole-cell diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus ( DPT ) vaccine . The incidence of pertussis in the vaccine groups and prevalence of pertussis in children under 5 years of age in the study area were also determined . The acellular vaccines produced significantly fewer local and systemic reactions . Local reactions such as swelling and redness were observed in 2 % ( 8/399 ) to 2.3 % ( 9/385 ) of the acellular vaccine recipients as against 31 % ( 122/394 ) in the whole-cell vaccine group . Fever ( > or = 37.5 degrees C ) occurred in 7.27 % ( 29/399 ) to 9.8 % ( 38/385 ) in the acellular vaccine groups compared with 36.6 % ( 145/394 ) in the whole-cell vaccine group . Geometric mean titres ( GMTs ) , measured by ELISA , to pertussis toxin ( PT ) and filamentous haemagglutinin ( FHA ) were significantly higher in the acellular vaccine groups than in the whole-cell DPT ( WCDPT ) group . There were no significant differences in the GMTs of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxins between the two groups after each vaccination . Twelve months after primary vaccination , GMTs to PT in the freeze-dried , liquid ADPT groups and the WCDPT group have fallen from 56.23 , 62.63 and 44.97 ELISA U/ml to 6.08 , 6.18 and 11.30 ELISA U/ml , respectively . GMTs to FHA in all the vaccine groups also dropped during the same period from 49.94 , 41.73 and 20.74 ELISA U/ml to 7.26 , 7.72 and 5.91 ELISA U/ml , respectively . In this comparative controlled trial , the ADPT vaccines were more immunogenic , with less local and systemic reactions , than the WCDPT vaccine but there was a considerable drop in antibody titres in all the vaccine groups 12 months after primary vaccination . However , the levels of titres of anti-PT and anti-FHA antibodies in all the three vaccines that confer protection are not known . Further studies are necessary to provide this information in order to assess the need for subsequent booster doses after primary immunization with both ADPT and WCDPT vaccines ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2412 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87706", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular diphtheria , pertussis and tetanus vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87707", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus ( ADPT ) freeze-dried and liquid vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 138, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "whole-cell diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus ( DPT ) vaccine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 492 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87709", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87710", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87711", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "acellular vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87712", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "whole-cell DPT ( WCDPT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1289, 1313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ADPT vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 1885, 1898 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87714", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "WCDPT vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 1973, 1986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87715", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "vaccines" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87716", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Immunogenicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 303, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87717", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "local and systemic reactions ." ], "offsets": [ [ 696, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87718", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "swelling and redness" ], "offsets": [ [ 751, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87719", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Fever" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 925 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87720", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Geometric mean titres ( GMTs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87721", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ELISA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87722", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pertussis toxin ( PT ) and filamentous haemagglutinin ( FHA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1157, 1218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87723", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GMTs of tetanus and diphtheria antitoxins" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1408 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87724", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GMTs to PT" ], "offsets": [ [ 1499, 1509 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87725", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GMTs to FHA" ], "offsets": [ [ 1676, 1687 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87726", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immunogenic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1909, 1920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87727", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "antibody titres" ], "offsets": [ [ 2024, 2039 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87728", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-PT and anti-FHA antibodies" ], "offsets": [ [ 2138, 2169 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87729", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "diphtheria/pertussis/tetanus" ], "offsets": [ [ 148, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87730", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "infants" ], "offsets": [ [ 222, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87731", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pertussis" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87732", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87733", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "5" ], "offsets": [ [ 588, 589 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87734", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87735", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2.3 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 806, 811 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87736", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "31 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87738", "type": "document", "text": [ "Serum bactericidal activities and comparative pharmacokinetics of meropenem and imipenem-cilastatin . The pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities ( SBAs ) of imipenem and meropenem were investigated in a randomized crossover study . Twelve healthy male volunteers received a constant 30-min infusion of either 1 g of imipenem plus 1 g of cilastatin or 1 g of meropenem . The concentrations of the drugs in serum and urine were determined by bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography . Pharmacokinetic parameters were based on an open two-compartment model and a noncompartmental technique . At the end of infusion , the mean concentrations of imipenem and meropenem measured in serum were 61.2 +/- 9.8 and 51.6 +/- 6.5 mg/liter , respectively ; urinary recoveries were 48.6 % +/- 8.2 % and 60.0 % +/- 6.5 % of the dose in 12 h , respectively ; and the areas under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity were 96.1 +/- 14.4 and 70.5 +/- 10.3 mg.h/liter , respectively ( P < or = 0.02 ) . Imipenem had a mean half-life of 66.7 +/- 10.4 min ; that of meropenem was 64.4 +/- 6.9 min . The volumes of distribution at steady state of imipenem and meropenem were 15.3 +/- 3.3 and 18.6 +/- 3.0 liters/70 kg , respectively , and the mean renal clearances per 1.73 m2 were 85.6 +/- 17.6 and 144.6 +/- 26.0 ml/min , respectively . Both antibiotics were well tolerated in this single-dose administration study . The SBAs were measured by the microdilution method of Reller and Stratton ( L. B. Reller and C. W. Stratton , J. Infect . Dis . 136:196-204 , 1977 ) against 40 clinically isolated strains . Mean reciprocal bactericidal titers were measured 1 and 6 h after administration . After 1 and 6 h the median SBAs for imipenem and meropenem , were 409 and 34.9 and 97.9 and 5.8 , respectively , against Staphylococcus aureus , 19.9 and 4.4 and 19.4 and 4.8 , respectively , against Pseudomonas aeruginosa , 34.3 and 2.2 and 232 and 15.5 , respectively , against Enterobacter cloacae , and 13.4 and 2.25 and 90.7 and 7.9 , respectively , against Proteus mirabilis . Both drugs had rather short biological elimination half-lives and a predominantly renal route of elimination . Both carbapenems revealed high SBAs against clinically important pathogens at 1 h ; meropenem had a higher SBA against E. cloacae and P. mirabilis , and the SBA of imipenem against S. aureus was greater than the SBA of meropenem ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2431 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87739", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imipenem" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "meropenem" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "imipenem plus 1 g of cilastatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 328, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87742", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1 g of meropenem" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 379 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87743", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "bioassay" ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87744", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "high-pressure liquid chromatography" ], "offsets": [ [ 465, 500 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87745", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "two-compartment model" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87746", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "noncompartmental technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 580, 606 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum bactericidal activities" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87748", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "comparative pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87749", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87750", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum bactericidal activities ( SBAs )" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 165 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentrations of the drugs in serum and urine" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87752", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography ." ], "offsets": [ [ 452, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87753", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean concentrations of imipenem and meropenem measured in serum" ], "offsets": [ [ 638, 701 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87754", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "urinary recoveries" ], "offsets": [ [ 763, 781 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87755", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "areas under the concentration-time curve" ], "offsets": [ [ 870, 910 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87756", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SBAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87757", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "microdilution method of Reller and Stratton" ], "offsets": [ [ 1464, 1507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87758", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Mean reciprocal bactericidal titers" ], "offsets": [ [ 1624, 1659 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87759", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SBAs" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87760", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "half-lives" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87761", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SBAs against clinically important pathogens" ], "offsets": [ [ 2232, 2275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87762", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SBA" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87763", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SBA" ], "offsets": [ [ 159, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87764", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Twelve healthy male volunteers" ], "offsets": [ [ 244, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87766", "type": "document", "text": [ "Warfarin for atrial fibrillation . The patient 's perspective . OBJECTIVE To determine the minimal clinically important difference ( MCID ) of warfarin therapy for the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation from the perspective of patients using 2 different elicitation methods . DESIGN All patients completed 2 face-to-face interviews , which were 2 weeks apart . For each interview , they were randomized to receive 1 of 2 elicitation methods : ping-ponging or starting at the known efficacy . SETTING The practices of 2 university-affiliated family medicine centers ( 8 physicians each ) , 14 community-based family physicians , and 2 cardiologists . PATIENTS Sixty-four patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation who were initiated with warfarin therapy at least 3 months before the study . INTERVENTION During each interview , the patients ' MCIDs were determined by using ( 1 ) a pictorial flip chart to describe atrial fibrillation ; the consequences of a minor stroke , a major stroke , and a major bleeding episode ; the chance of stroke if not taking warfarin ; the chance of a major bleeding episode if taking warfarin ; examples of the inconvenience , minor side effects , and costs of warfarin therapy ; and then ( 2 ) 1 of the 2 elicitation methods to determine their MCIDs ( the smallest reduction in stroke risk at which the patients were willing to take warfarin ) . Patients ' knowledge of their stroke risk , acceptability of the interview process , and factors determining their preferences were also assessed . MAIN RESULTS Given a baseline risk of having a stroke in the next 2 years , if not taking warfarin , of 10 of 100 , the mean MCID was 2.01 of 100 ( 95 % confidence interval , 1.60-2.42 ) . Fifty-two percent of the patients would take warfarin for an absolute decrease in stroke risk of 1 % over 2 years . Before eliciting their MCIDs , patients showed poor knowledge of their stroke risk , which improved afterward . The interview process was well accepted by the patients . The MCID using the ping-ponging elicitation method was 1.015 of 100 smaller compared with use of the starting at the known efficacy method ( P = .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS We were able to determine the MCID of warfarin therapy for the prevention of stroke from the perspective of patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation . Their MCIDs were much smaller than those that have been implied by some experts and clinicians . The interview process , using the flip chart approach , appeared to improve the patients ' knowledge of their disease and its consequences and treatment . The method used to elicit the patients ' MCIDs can have a clinically important effect on patient responses . The method used in our study can be generalized to other conditions and , thus , could be helpful in 3 ways : ( 1 ) from a clinical decision-making perspective , it could facilitate patient-physician communication ; ( 2 ) it could clarify the patient perspective when interpreting the results of previously completed trials ; and ( 3 ) it could be used to derive more clinically relevant sample sizes for randomized treatment trials ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3132 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87767", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87768", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87769", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87770", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87771", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "warfarin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 143, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87772", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "minimal clinically important difference ( MCID )" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87773", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "a pictorial flip chart to describe atrial fibrillation ; the consequences of a minor stroke , a major stroke , and a major bleeding episode ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 893, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87774", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chance of stroke if not taking warfarin ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1080 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chance of a major bleeding episode if taking warfarin ;" ], "offsets": [ [ 1085, 1140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87776", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "minor side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1173, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87777", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "costs of warfarin therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1198, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87778", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stroke risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1336 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87779", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge of their stroke risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87780", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "MCID" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87781", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "MCID" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87782", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patients ' knowledge of their disease and its consequences and treatment ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2514, 2588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87783", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "MCIDs" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 861 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87784", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87785", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonvalvular atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87786", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Sixty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 669, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87787", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonvalvular atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87788", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonvalvular atrial fibrillation" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87790", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective evaluation of the macrolide antibiotic dirithromycin for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori . BACKGROUND Macrolide antibiotics are active in vitro and in vivo against Helicobacter pylori . We assessed a newer macrolide , dirithromycin , for the treatment of H. pylori in two separate studies . METHODS Volunteers with H. pylori infection ( by 13C-urea breath test ) were randomly assigned to 2-week treatment regimens . Study 1 : dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s. , dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 40 mg q.d.s. , or dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s . Study 2 : dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 20 mg b.d. , dirithromycin 1000 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 20 mg b.d. , or amoxycillin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omepirazole 20 mg b.d . Four weeks after the completion of therapy a repeat 13C-urea breath test was done to assess for cure . RESULTS No patient taking dirithromycin alone ( n = 6 ) or in combination with omeprazole ( n = 26 ) achieved cure of their infection . Eradication of H. pylori was seen in one of seven patients taking dirithromycin plus metronidazole . Five of 10 patients taking omeprazole-amoxycillin dual therapy had their H. pylori infection cured ( P = 0.0007 vs. patients taking dirithromycin plus omeprazole ) . Eleven ( 47 % ) of 32 patients taking dirithromycin alone or combined with omeprazole reported side-effects , but only two ( 6 % ) stopped therapy prematurely as a result of side-effects . CONCLUSION No subject taking dirithromycin alone or in combination with omeprazole had their H. pylori infection cured . Dirithromycin , in the regimen used , shows little promise in the treatment of patients with H. pylori infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1716 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87791", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "macrolide antibiotic dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87792", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Macrolide antibiotics" ], "offsets": [ [ 119, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87793", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "macrolide , dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 223, 248 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87794", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s." ], "offsets": [ [ 444, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87795", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 40 mg q.d.s." ], "offsets": [ [ 474, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87796", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "or dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus metronidazole 500 mg t.d.s ." ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 599 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87797", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 20 mg b.d." ], "offsets": [ [ 610, 665 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87798", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin 1000 mg q.d.s . plus omeprazole 20 mg b.d." ], "offsets": [ [ 668, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87799", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "or amoxycillin 500 mg q.d.s . plus omepirazole 20 mg b.d ." ], "offsets": [ [ 727, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87800", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87801", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87802", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87803", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metronidazole ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87804", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole-amoxycillin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1153, 1175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87805", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87806", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1277, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87807", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87808", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87809", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87810", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87811", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dirithromycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1615 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87812", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cure of their infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 999, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87813", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Eradication of H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 1025, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87814", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "pylori infection cured" ], "offsets": [ [ 1202, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87815", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "reported side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1378, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87816", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side-effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87817", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cured" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87818", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87819", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87820", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87821", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87823", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of nonhandicapped peers on the social interactions of children with a pervasive development disorder . This study investigated whether or not children with autism or a related pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD ) can benefit from regular opportunities to interact with a normally developing peer , matched as to sex and age . An experimental design with random assignment of subjects to treatment and control groups was used to demonstrate the impact of this peer-mediated intervention . In the treatment group , we found significant improvements in the social behavior of the children with PDD . Several gains were also generalized to interactions with an unfamiliar nonhandicapped peer , to interactions with another child with PDD , and to the large school setting . In the untreated control group , no positive changes were observed . Results suggest that children with PDD can develop peer relations if appropriate social contexts are made available for them ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 983 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87824", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "nonhandicapped peers" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87825", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "regular opportunities to interact with a normally developing peer" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 313 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87826", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "peer-mediated intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 477, 503 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87827", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social interactions" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87828", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 235, 242 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87829", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "impact" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 468 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87830", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "social behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87831", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "gains" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87832", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "interactions with an unfamiliar nonhandicapped peer" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 705 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87833", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "interactions with another child with PDD" ], "offsets": [ [ 711, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87834", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "large school setting" ], "offsets": [ [ 765, 785 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87835", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "positive changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87836", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "peer relations" ], "offsets": [ [ 908, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87837", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87838", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pervasive development disorder" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87839", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87840", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 170, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87841", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "related pervasive developmental disorder ( PDD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87842", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87843", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PDD" ], "offsets": [ [ 225, 228 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87845", "type": "document", "text": [ "The long-term effects of auditory training on children with autism . Eighty children , 3-17 years of age , with autism or Asperger syndrome and mild to severe distress in the presence of some sounds , were randomly allocated to two groups . The experimental group received auditory training and the control group listened to the same unmodified music under the same conditions . Significant improvements in behavior and severity of autism were maintained for 12 months by both groups . Informal data suggested that a range of abnormal responses to sound and other sensory abnormalities may also have improved . Verbal and performance IQ increased significantly 3 to 12 months after interventions . Findings suggest that some aspect of both auditory training and listening to selected unmodified music may have a beneficial effect on children with autism and sound sensitivity , and indicate a need for further research into the effects that led to these changes and the mechanisms involved in the sensory abnormalities commonly associated with autism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1052 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87846", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "auditory training" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87847", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "auditory training" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87848", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "the control group listened to the same" ], "offsets": [ [ 295, 333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87849", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "unmodified music" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87850", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "under the same conditions" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87851", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "auditory training" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87852", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "listening" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87853", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavior and severity of autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 407, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87854", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "range of abnormal responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87855", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sound" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 197 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87856", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "other sensory abnormalities" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87857", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Verbal and performance IQ" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 636 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87858", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beneficial effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 829 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87859", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87860", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87861", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eighty" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87862", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87863", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "3-17" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 91 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87864", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87865", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Asperger syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87866", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild to severe distress in the presence of some sounds" ], "offsets": [ [ 144, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87867", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87868", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87869", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sound sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 875 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87871", "type": "document", "text": [ "Relation of total homocysteine and lipid levels in children to premature cardiovascular death in male relatives . We assessed the relative importance of lipid , apo B , lipoprotein ( a ) [ Lp ( a ) ] , and total homocysteine ( tHcy ) levels in children in relation to premature cardiovascular disease in family members . Parents of 381 girls and 375 boys age 8-12 y completed family history questionnaires . Nonfasting serum lipid and lipoproteins and plasma tHcy and cysteine levels were measured in the children . Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were determined in a random subsample of 23 % of the children , who participated in a food frequency interview . Children whose parents reported hypercholesterolemia had higher total and non-HDL cholesterol and apo B levels than the rest , but these levels were not associated with cardiovascular disease . tHcy levels were similar in girls and boys . tHcy was higher in children whose father , grandfather , or uncle died at age < or = 55 y of myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac arrest ( n = 42 ) than in control children [ 5.92 mumol/L ( 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] of 5.47-6.36 ) versus 5.25 mumol/L ( 95 % CI , 5.16-5.34 ) ] , also after adjustment for socioeconomic group . Intake and serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate were within recommended or reference ranges . In a stepwise multiple regression analysis , serum folate ( negative correlation ) , plasma creatinine , and sugar intake as percent of dietary energy ( positive correlations ) were significantly associated with tHcy ( multiple r = 0.44 , adjusted r2 = 18 % ; 95 % CI , 5-30 % ) . Our data show that a modest elevation in tHcy in children was related to premature cardiovascular death in their male relatives and may partly account for the contribution of family history to risk of cardiovascular disease . tHcy may be modifiable through the diet , even in children with apparently adequate vitamin nutriture ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1946 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87872", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "homocysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87873", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87874", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 40 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87875", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "homocysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87876", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "family history questionnaires" ], "offsets": [ [ 376, 405 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87877", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "serum lipid and lipoproteins and plasma tHcy and cysteine" ], "offsets": [ [ 419, 476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87878", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87879", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87880", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87881", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lipid , apo B , lipoprotein ( a ) [ Lp ( a ) ] , and total homocysteine ( tHcy ) levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 153, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87882", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Nonfasting serum lipid and lipoproteins and plasma tHcy and cysteine levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 408, 483 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87883", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum folate and vitamin B12 levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87884", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "total and non-HDL cholesterol and apo B levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 729, 775 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87885", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tHcy levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 859, 870 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87886", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87887", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Intake and serum levels of vitamin B12 and folate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1240, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87888", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum folate ( negative correlation ) , plasma creatinine , and sugar intake" ], "offsets": [ [ 1381, 1457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87889", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87890", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87891", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "premature cardiovascular death" ], "offsets": [ [ 63, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87892", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tHcy" ], "offsets": [ [ 227, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87893", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87894", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male relatives" ], "offsets": [ [ 97, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87895", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 59 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87896", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "Parents" ], "offsets": [ [ 321, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87897", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "381" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87898", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87899", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "375" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87900", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 354 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87901", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age 8-12 y" ], "offsets": [ [ 355, 365 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87903", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intraumbilical vein injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha in retained placenta . A randomized protocol was used to study the effect of intraumbilical prostaglandin F2 alpha ( Hembate , Upjohn ) and oxytocin injection in women with retained placenta . Prostaglandin F2 alpha , 20 mg , diluted to 20 ml in normal saline solution ( 10 women , group 1 ) , 30 IU of oxytocin , diluted to 20 ml in normal saline solution ( 11 women , group 2 ) , or 20 ml of normal saline solution alone ( 7 women , group 3 ) , were injected into the umbilical vein 1 h after delivery . Nine women ( group 4 , controls ) underwent manual removal of the retained placenta . In group 1 , placental expulsion occurred in all patients and the duration of the placental expulsion after prostaglandin F2 alpha injection was 6.8 +/- 1.36 ( mean +/- SE ) min : in group 2 , six placental expulsions occurred after 13.3 +/- 1.97 min ( mean +/- SE ) ; and in group 3 , no effect was recorded after intraumbilical saline injection . We suggest that intraumbilical vein injection of prostaglandin F2 alpha might be a beneficial , non-surgical method for treating retained placenta . Oxytocin might reduce the incidence of manual lysis of the placenta and achieve partial success ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1243 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87904", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87905", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intraumbilical prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 170 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87906", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Hembate" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87907", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Upjohn" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87908", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oxytocin injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87909", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 271 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87910", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diluted to 20 ml in normal saline solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87911", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "30 IU of oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87912", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "diluted to 20 ml in normal saline solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 282, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87913", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "20 ml of normal saline solution alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87914", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87915", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prostaglandin F2 alpha" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Oxytocin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87917", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "placental expulsion" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 680 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87918", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of the placental expulsion after prostaglandin F2 alpha injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87919", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "placental expulsions" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87920", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of manual lysis of the placenta" ], "offsets": [ [ 1172, 1213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87921", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retained placenta ." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87922", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87923", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10 women ," ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87924", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11 women" ], "offsets": [ [ 415, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87925", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "7 women" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 488 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87926", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87927", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 218, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87929", "type": "document", "text": [ "The use of a water extract from the bark of Choerospondias axillaris in the treatment of second degree burns . Burns are common in Vietnam , and because of economic constraints and limited resources for the import of appropriate treatments , the health authorities are obliged to rely on traditional herbal remedies . It is therefore essential to evaluate current drugs , one of which is the water extract of the bark of the tree Choerospondias axillaris . It has been used for many years in the Vietnam-Sweden hospital at Uong Bi in northern Vietnam . We assessed the efficacy of the remedy in an open , randomised controlled clinical trial , in which 20 patients with second degree burns were treated with the extract of the Choerospondias axillaris and 19 with saline gauze . The mean healing time was significantly shorter for patients treated with Choerospondias axillaris ( 11 days ) compared with patients treated with saline gauze ( 17 days ) ( p < 0.01 ) , and the number of wound infections was significantly lower in the Choerospondias axillaris group ( 7/20 compared with 16/19 , p = 0.003 ) . The bark extract was easy to apply and additional wound care was not usually necessary , while the treatment with saline gauze was laborious for both patients and staff and was much more expensive . The extract from Choerospondias axillaris is a convenient treatment for second degree burns in both children and adults ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1426 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87930", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "water extract from the bark of Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87931", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "water extract of the bark of the tree Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 392, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87932", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87933", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extract of the Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 751 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87934", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline gauze ." ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87935", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87936", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline gauze" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87937", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87938", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bark extract" ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87939", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline gauze" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87940", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "extract from Choerospondias axillaris" ], "offsets": [ [ 1309, 1346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87941", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 577 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87942", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean healing time" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87943", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "number of wound infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87944", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "expensive" ], "offsets": [ [ 1293, 1302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87945", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "treatment of second degree burns ." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87946", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87947", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "19" ], "offsets": [ [ 756, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87948", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 1405, 1413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87949", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 1418, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87951", "type": "document", "text": [ "One quadrant sub-Tenon 's capsule anesthesia in anterior segment surgery . Reports of complications associated with local anesthesia in ophthalmic surgery have increased conspicuously in recent years . Sub-Tenon 's capsule anesthesia for anterior segment surgery avoids the risks of retrobulbar and peribulbar injections . This study compared sub-Tenon 's and retrobulbar anesthesia . Patients undergoing various anterior segment surgery were randomly assigned to sub-Tenon 's or retrobulbar anesthesia ; 300 were operated with 1-quadrant sub-Tenon 's anesthesia ( 1-QST ) and the results were compared with 270 patients operated with retrobulbar anesthesia . Retrobulbar anesthesia consisted of a 2.5 ml injection of a 1:1 mixture of 2 % lidocaine without epinephrine and 0.5 % bupivacaine . Sub-Tenon 's anesthesia involved direct transconjunctival infiltration of the same local anesthetic directly into the sub-Tenon 's space , in the inferior-nasal quadrant , using a blunt 23-gauge cannula . Patients undergoing various anterior segment surgery procedures were randomly assigned to 1-QST or retrobulbar anesthesia ; 300 patients were operated with 1-QST and the results were compared with 270 patients operated with retrobulbar anesthesia . Preinjection mean ( +/- SD ) IOP wer 12.9 +/- 3.7 mmHg in the retrobulbar and 13.4 +/- 3.2 mmHg in the 1-QST patients . Preoperative intraocular pressures were 8.7 +/- 3.0 mmHg in the retrobulbar and 9.2 +/- 3.2 mmHg in 1-QST patients . Pre- and postinjection IOP for retrobulbar and 1-QST patients were similar . Pain scores for delivery of the anesthetic , using a numerical rating scale , produced a median score of 1 for 1-QST and 2 for the retrobulbar technique . For the subsequent operative procedure , the median score was 1 for 1-QST and 2 for the retrobulbar patients . Complete akinesia was achieved in 41 % with 1-QST and in 69 % of retrobulbar patients . 1-QST patients with incomplete akinesia most often had lateral muscle function which did not interfere with the operation . We found the use of a blunt cannula to deliver anesthetic into the sub-Tenon 's space as a simple , safe and effective alternative approach to traditional retrobulbar anesthesia in anterior segment surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2246 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87952", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "One quadrant sub-Tenon 's capsule anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 44 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87953", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sub-Tenon 's capsule anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 202, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87954", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sub-Tenon 's" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87955", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar anesthesia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 384 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87956", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sub-Tenon 's or retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 464, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87957", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-quadrant sub-Tenon 's anesthesia ( 1-QST )" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87958", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 660, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lidocaine without epinephrine and 0.5 % bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 739, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87961", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Sub-Tenon 's anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 793, 816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87962", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87963", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87964", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87965", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87966", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87967", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87968", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87969", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87970", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar" ], "offsets": [ [ 283, 294 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87971", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87972", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87973", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "1-QST" ], "offsets": [ [ 565, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87974", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87975", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Preinjection mean ( +/- SD ) IOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1279 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87976", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Preoperative intraocular pressures" ], "offsets": [ [ 1367, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87977", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pre- and postinjection IOP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1484, 1510 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87978", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Pain scores for delivery of the anesthetic" ], "offsets": [ [ 1561, 1603 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87979", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Complete akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1827, 1844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87980", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incomplete akinesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1935, 1954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87981", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lateral muscle function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1970, 1993 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87982", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anterior segment surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87983", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ophthalmic surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87984", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anterior segment surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87985", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "300" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87986", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "1-quadrant sub-Tenon 's anesthesia ( 1-QST )" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87987", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "270 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 608, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87988", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "retrobulbar anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 382 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87989", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anterior segment surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "87991", "type": "document", "text": [ "Regular replacement of extended wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses . PURPOSE While the benefits of planned replacement of soft contact lenses have been investigated , the question of whether there are any clinical benefits to planned replacement of rigid gas permeable ( RGP ) lenses does not appear to have been addressed experimentally . We aimed to determine the benefits of regular replacement of extended wear RGP contact lenses . METHODS We conducted a prospective , single-center , controlled , double-masked study of 39 RGP lens wearers . The subjects were divided into two groups and wore extended wear Quantum 2 lenses ( Dk = 120 ) for 12 months . Subjects in Group I replaced lenses every 3 months , whereas those in Group II were not scheduled to replace their lenses . The integrity of the lenses and the ocular responses to lens wear were monitored in both groups every three months . RESULTS Compared to lenses worn by subjects in Group I , lenses worn by Group II subjects showed significantly more mucous coating , lens binding , and corneal staining over time ( P < 0.05 ; ANCOVA ) . There was no difference in microcystic or tarsal conjunctiva response , lens comfort , refractive change , or visual acuity between the two groups . CONCLUSIONS We advocate that to maintain optimal lens integrity and ocular health , RGP lenses used for extended wear should be replaced every 3 to 6 months ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1414 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "87992", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "extended wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87993", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "soft contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 146 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87994", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "rigid gas permeable ( RGP ) lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87995", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "regular replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 383, 402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87996", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "extended wear RGP contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 406, 438 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87997", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wore extended wear Quantum 2 lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 633 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87998", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "replaced lenses every 3 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 683, 713 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "87999", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "not scheduled to replace their lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 747, 784 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88000", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "integrity of the lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88001", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ocular responses" ], "offsets": [ [ 823, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88002", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mucous coating" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88003", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lens binding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1037, 1049 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88004", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "corneal staining" ], "offsets": [ [ 1056, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88005", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "microcystic or tarsal conjunctiva response" ], "offsets": [ [ 1134, 1176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88006", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lens comfort" ], "offsets": [ [ 1179, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88007", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "refractive change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1194, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88008", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "visual acuity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1217, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88009", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "optimal lens integrity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1297, 1319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88010", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ocular health" ], "offsets": [ [ 1324, 1337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88011", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "extended wear rigid gas permeable contact lenses" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88012", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "single-center , controlled , double-masked study" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 526 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88013", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "39" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 532 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88014", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "RGP lens wearers" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 549 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88016", "type": "document", "text": [ "Clonidine increases the sweating threshold , but does not reduce the gain of sweating . We tested the hypothesis that clonidine produces a dose-dependent increase in the sweating threshold but does not reduce the gain of sweating . Six healthy male volunteers were evaluated , each on three separate days in random order . In one , saline was administered ; in another , a 2-micrograms/kg bolus of clonidine was followed by an infusion at 2 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 , and on a third day , a 4-micrograms/kg bolus was followed by an infusion at 4 micrograms.kg-1.h-1 . Core temperature was measured at the tympanic membrane and mean skin temperature was determined from four sites . A chest sweating rate of 40 g.m-2.h-1 was considered significant . The core temperature triggering sweating , adjusted to a designated mean skin temperature of 34 degrees C , identified the threshold for this response . Gain was defined by the adjusted core temperature increase required to augment sweating from 100 to 300 g.m-2.h-1 . degree C-1 . Plasma clonidine concentrations were 0.8 +/- 0.1 and 1.6 +/- 0.2 ng/mL on the small- and large-dose days , respectively . Clonidine administration increased the sweating threshold approximately 0.4 degree C ( P < 0.05 ) , but the increase was comparable at each dose . The gain of sweating was approximately 0.2 degree C and was not influenced by clonidine administration . The thermoregulatory effects of clonidine thus resemble those of volatile anesthetics , opioids , and propofol . These data suggest that the antishivering effect of clonidine results from central thermoregulatory inhibition rather than a specific peripheral action on thermogenic muscular activity . Unlike other sedatives and anesthetics , the concentration-dependence of clonidine demonstrates a ceiling beyond which the administration of an additional drug fails to enhance the effect , suggesting that the thermoregulatory effect of clonidine may be limited , even at high plasma concentrations . The gain of sweating was well preserved indicating that this response remains effective in the presence of sedatives and anesthetics ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2135 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88017", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88018", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88019", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88020", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 118, 127 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88021", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sweating threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88022", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gain of sweating ." ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88023", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase in the sweating threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88024", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduce the gain of sweating ." ], "offsets": [ [ 58, 87 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88025", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Core temperature" ], "offsets": [ [ 563, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88026", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean skin temperature" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 643 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88027", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chest sweating rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sweating" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88029", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "core temperature" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 764 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88030", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Plasma clonidine concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1026, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gain of sweating" ], "offsets": [ [ 69, 85 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88032", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "thermoregulatory effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88033", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sweating threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88035", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term results regarding the use of recombinant interferon alpha-2b in the treatment of II type mixed essential cryoglobulinemia . Thirty-three patients with II type mixed essential cryoglobulinemia ( MEC ) were randomized into two groups : one to receive combined therapy including prednisone plus interferon , the other to receive prednisone therapy . Interferon was administered as induction treatment ( 3 Mu/day ) and then as maintenance therapy ( 3 Mu three times a week ) . 83 % of the combined therapy patients responded as opposed to 27 % of the prednisone treated patients . Among the patients that responded to combined therapy , nine of them had a complete response , four a partial response , and two a minor response . None of the patients treated with prednisone therapy responded completely but only two had a partial and two a minor response . Four patients ( three of combined therapy and one of prednisone therapy ) showed proteinuria before the treatment which improved at the end of the induction therapy . Ten patients showed anti-HCV positivity which remained unchanged after the treatment . Three patients showed liver involvement secondary to cryoglobulinemia and an improvement of histological pattern after the induction with combined therapy . One patient showed an improvement of peripheral neuropathy after induction with the combined therapy . These data suggest the effectiveness of interferon given as induction and as maintenance treatment in the therapy of II type mixed essential cryoglobulinemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1536 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88036", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant interferon alpha-2b" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88037", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined therapy including prednisone plus interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88038", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88039", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 367 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88040", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88041", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88042", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 286, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88043", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "combined therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1255, 1273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88044", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "interferon" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88045", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "proteinuria" ], "offsets": [ [ 944, 955 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88046", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anti-HCV positivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1050, 1069 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88047", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "liver involvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1139, 1156 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88048", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "histological pattern" ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88049", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "peripheral neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1311, 1332 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88050", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "II type mixed essential cryoglobulinemia ." ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88052", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of ORG-2766 on brain event-related potentials of autistic children . A double-blind , placebo-controlled study examined the effects of 6 weeks of treatment with the adrenocorticotropin4-9 analogue ORG-2766 ( 40 mg/day ) on brain event-related potentials ( ERPs ) of autistic children . In visual and auditory oddball paradigms ( with task and nontask conditions ) , standard ( 80 % ) , target ( 10 % ) , and unexpected novel stimuli ( 10 % ) were presented . ORG-2766 ( a ) increased the occipital P3 component of the ERP to visual targets , ( b ) decreased the occipital P3 component of the ERP to auditory targets , ( c ) did not affect visual and auditory parietal target P3 components , and ( d ) also did not affect the A/Pcz/300 to auditory novel stimuli . In addition , ORG-2766 treatment increased the N1 component of the ERP to task-irrelevant auditory stimuli ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 879 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88053", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ORG-2766" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88054", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adrenocorticotropin4-9 analogue ORG-2766" ], "offsets": [ [ 173, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased the occipital P3 component of the ERP to visual targets" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88056", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( b ) decreased the occipital P3 component of the ERP to auditory targets" ], "offsets": [ [ 550, 623 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "( c ) did not affect visual and auditory parietal target P3 components" ], "offsets": [ [ 626, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88058", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increased the N1 component of the ERP to task-irrelevant auditory stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 877 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88059", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autistic children ." ], "offsets": [ [ 57, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88061", "type": "document", "text": [ "Inhibition of epidural morphine-induced pruritus by intravenous droperidol . The effect of increasing the doses of morphine and of droperidol . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because the mechanism of inhibition of epidural morphine-induced pruritus by droperidol is not clear , this study was undertaken to determine the effects of larger doses of droperidol or morphine , or both . METHODS A double-blind study was performed in 210 ASA I or II patients undergoing cesarean delivery , who were randomly assigned to six groups . All patients received epidural anesthesia with 0.5 % bupivacaine containing 1:200,000 epinephrine , to which 2 mg ( groups 1 , 2 , and 3 ) or 4 mg ( groups 4 , 5 , and 6 ) morphine sulfate was added . Just after delivery , 2.5 mg droperidol was given intravenously to groups 2 and 5 , and 5 mg was given to groups 3 and 6 . During the postoperative period , the patients were assessed for the occurrence and severity of pruritus ( classified as absent , mild , moderate , or severe ) or other untoward symptoms . The groups were compared for the incidence of pruritus by the Mann-Whitney nonparametric test . RESULTS The incidence of pruritus was significantly reduced only when the control group . ( no droperidol ) was compared with the group that received 2.5 mg droperidol , both when 2 mg and when 4 mg morphine was used . A 5-mg dose of droperidol had no inhibitory effect . There was no difference in the incidence of pruritus between use of 2 mg and 4 mg morphine . Other untoward effects of morphine either could not be observed or occurred with an incidence unaffected by either dose of droperidol . CONCLUSION Pruritus caused by epidural use of 2 or 4 mg of morphine is inhibited by the intravenous use of 2.5 mg droperidol but not by a larger dose ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1784 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88062", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88063", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88064", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epidural anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 564 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bupivacaine" ], "offsets": [ [ 576, 587 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "epinephrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 609, 620 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine sulfate" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88071", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "morphine" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 31 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88073", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88074", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "epidural morphine-induced pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88075", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence and severity of pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 916, 951 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88076", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "other untoward symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 1010, 1033 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88077", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88078", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88079", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "inhibitory effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 1384, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1090 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88081", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "untoward effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1503, 1519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88082", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Pruritus" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1652 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88083", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "210" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88084", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ASA I or II patients undergoing cesarean delivery" ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 477 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88085", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "randomly assigned to six groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 489, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88087", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of practice on laterality in a mental rotation task . The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of practice on the lateralization of mental rotation skills . Forty-six females and 46 males completed four blocks of 64 trials in a lateralized mental rotation task . Results revealed a reduction in reaction time and error rate across blocks , thus demonstrating a practice effect . A shift from a right hemisphere advantage to a left hemisphere advantage across blocks of trials was also found . The results are discussed in terms of their implication for hypotheses linking laterality and training . Practical implications for laterality research are also discussed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 694 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88088", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "mental rotation task" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88089", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "practice on the lateralization of mental rotation skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 183 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88090", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "lateralized mental rotation task" ], "offsets": [ [ 257, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88091", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "reaction time" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88092", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "error rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88093", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mental rotation task" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88094", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 186, 195 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88095", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88096", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "46" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88097", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88099", "type": "document", "text": [ "The comparative safety and diagnostic accuracy of adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging in women versus men . STUDY OBJECTIVE To determine if the diagnostic accuracy and safety of intravenous adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging is significantly different in men compared with women . DESIGN Prospective , comparative , open-label clinical trial . SETTING Nuclear medicine laboratory in a university-affiliated hospital . PATIENTS Consecutive patients who were referred for evaluation of known or suspected coronary artery disease . Patients were judged not to be able to exercise adequately . INTERVENTIONS Coronary angiography was conducted within 6 weeks of an adenosine thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging study . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Diagnostic accuracy is shown in the table . [ table : see text ] Overall , side effects from adenosine were not different between men and women . The frequencies of ST depression and chest pain were significantly greater in women than men , although their etiologies are unknown . The frequency of severe side effects such as heart block and hypotension was not different between men and women . CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy and safety of adenosine thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging are generally similar in women and men ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1295 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88100", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88101", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 50, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88102", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Coronary angiography was conducted within 6 weeks of an adenosine thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging study" ], "offsets": [ [ 611, 724 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88103", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "adenosine thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88104", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88105", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "diagnostic accuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88106", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Diagnostic accuracy" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88107", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88108", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ST depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88109", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chest pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 950 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88110", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "severe side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1055, 1074 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88111", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "heart block and hypotension" ], "offsets": [ [ 1083, 1110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88112", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "women versus men ." ], "offsets": [ [ 92, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88114", "type": "document", "text": [ "Cost-effectiveness analysis of serum vancomycin concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies . OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of vancomycin serum concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies . METHODS The study was designed as a prospective randomized study . Seventy immunocompromised febrile patients with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to either a vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring group ( TDM group ; n = 37 ) or to a control group ( n = 33 ) . Intervention in the TDM group involved patient follow-up by a clinical pharmacist to obtain and pharmacokinetically interpret serum vancomycin concentrations for dosage individualization . RESULTS Evaluation of all patients included global clinical response and nephrotoxicity , as well as the economic costs and effectiveness derived from the vancomycin monitoring program . There were no significant differences between the TDM and control groups in the outcome measures , except for the incidence of nephrotoxicity : the rates of minor nephrotoxicity were 33.3 % and 13.5 % in the control and TDM groups , respectively . The corresponding figures for moderate nephrotoxicity were 9.1 % and 0 % . Logistic regression analysis confirmed that TDM independently reduced the incidence of nephrotoxicity in this patient population . On the basis of this reduced nephrotoxicity , a incremental cost of $ 435 per case of nephrotoxicity prevented was found for vancomycin serum concentration monitoring . CONCLUSIONS A decreased incidence of nephrotoxicity provides evidence of a real clinical benefit to patient management in patients with hematologic malignancies . The TDM for vancomycin therapy in this high-risk population has been shown to be a cost-effective procedure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1809 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88115", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "serum vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88117", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88118", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 511, 524 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88119", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88120", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88121", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88122", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "vancomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 37, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88123", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "global clinical response" ], "offsets": [ [ 771, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88124", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88125", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "economic costs and effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 864 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of nephrotoxicity : the rates of minor nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1091 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "moderate nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1192, 1215 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "incidence of nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88129", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 814 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88130", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "incremental cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88131", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreased incidence of nephrotoxicity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1551, 1588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88132", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hematologic malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88133", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hematologic malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88134", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Seventy" ], "offsets": [ [ 327, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88135", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "immunocompromised febrile" ], "offsets": [ [ 335, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88136", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hematologic malignancies" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88138", "type": "document", "text": [ "Levels of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in serum are inversely correlated with circulating neutrophil counts . Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhG-CSF ) is effective in countering chemotherapy-induced neutropenia . However , serum rhG-CSF levels can not be maintained throughout the course of rhG-CSF therapy . The drop in serum rhG-CSF levels may vary with the duration of rhG-CSF administration or with the circulating neutrophil counts . We investigated the relationship between serum G-CSF levels and circulating neutrophil counts and the pharmacokinetics of rhG-CSF for patients with lung cancer who had been treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy and then with subcutaneous rhG-CSF ( lenograstim , 2 micrograms per kg of body weight per day ) . Twelve patients were randomly assigned to four groups with different rhG-CSF therapy schedules . Serum G-CSF levels were measured by an enzyme immunoassay method . Serum G-CSF levels during the rhG-CSF therapy greatly exceeded endogenous G-CSF levels and were mainly due to the presence of exogenous rhG-CSF rather than increased levels of endogenous G-CSF . Despite the duration of rhG-CSF administration , serum G-CSF levels during rhG-CSF therapy were inversely correlated with circulating neutrophil counts ( r2 = 0.73 , P < 0.0001 ) . The value for the area under the concentration-time curve of rhG-CSF on the day of neutrophilia was lower than that on the day of neutropenia ( P < 0.05 ) . Our results suggest that the fall in serum G-CSF levels during rhG-CSF therapy may result from increased clearance and/or decreased absorption of rhG-CSF , two processes related to circulating neutrophil counts ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1716 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88139", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88140", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( rhG-CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 137, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88141", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88142", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88143", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88144", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88145", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88146", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF therapy schedules" ], "offsets": [ [ 876, 901 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88147", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88150", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88151", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 360 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88153", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88154", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 65 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88155", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum rhG-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88156", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum rhG-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88157", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88158", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating neutrophil counts" ], "offsets": [ [ 105, 134 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88159", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88160", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 904, 922 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88161", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "endogenous G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1034, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88162", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88163", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "concentration-time curve" ], "offsets": [ [ 1380, 1404 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88164", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rhG-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 195, 202 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88165", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "serum G-CSF levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 534, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88166", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with lung cancer who had been treated with myelosuppressive chemotherapy and then with subcutaneous rhG-CSF ( lenograstim , 2 micrograms per kg of body weight per day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88167", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twelve" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88169", "type": "document", "text": [ "An occupation based physical activity intervention program : improving fitness and decreasing obesity . The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of an occupation based health and fitness program . Subjects were 1,504 police trainees ( 85 % male , 15 % female ) with an ethnic distribution of 82 % white , 16 % African American , and 2 % other . Data were collected at 25 sites across the state of North Carolina . The sites were randomly assigned to either the experimental group ( implemented the intervention ) or the control group ( continued usual training ) . As compared with controls , subjects at the experimental sites improved significantly in cardiovascular fitness ( aerobic power ) , general muscular strength ( number of sit ups per minute ) , and flexibility , and lowered their body fat . The intervention required minimal equipment and was taught primarily by peers who received a 1 week training program . This occupational approach to improving health could be particularly useful in occupations with many workers who seldom engage in leisure time physical activity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1125 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88170", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "occupation based physical activity intervention program :" ], "offsets": [ [ 3, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88171", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "occupation based health and fitness program ." ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88172", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "( implemented the intervention )" ], "offsets": [ [ 519, 551 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88173", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "( continued usual training )" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88174", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "occupational approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 968, 989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88175", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "improving fitness" ], "offsets": [ [ 61, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88176", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "decreasing obesity" ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88177", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular fitness ( aerobic power )" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 733 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88178", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "general muscular strength" ], "offsets": [ [ 736, 761 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88179", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number of sit ups per minute" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 792 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88180", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "flexibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 812 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88181", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lowered their body fat" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 841 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88182", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obesity ." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88183", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1,504" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88184", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 279, 283 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88185", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "female" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88187", "type": "document", "text": [ "Counselling of postnatal depression : a controlled study on a population based Swedish sample . In a two-stage screening procedure using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS ) at 8 and 12 weeks postpartum and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS ) and DSM-III-R at about 13 weeks postpartum , 41 women identified as depressed were randomly allocated to a study and a control group . The women in the study group received 6 weekly , counselling visits by the Child Health Clinic nurse and the control group received routine primary care . Twelve ( 80 % ) of 15 women with major depression in the study group were fully recovered after the intervention compared to 4 ( 25 % ) of 16 in the control group . Counselling by health nurses is helpful in managing postnatal depression and seems to work well within the Swedish Primary Health Care system ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 874 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88188", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Counselling" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88189", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "6 weekly , counselling visits by the Child Health Clinic nurse and the" ], "offsets": [ [ 449, 519 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88190", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group received routine primary care" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88191", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "." ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88192", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Counselling" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88193", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale ( EPDS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 141, 186 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88194", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale ( MADRS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 224, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88195", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "DSM-III-R" ], "offsets": [ [ 280, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88196", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "fully recovered" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88197", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "population based Swedish sample ." ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 95 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88199", "type": "document", "text": [ "Prospective comparison of nasal versus oral insertion of a thin video endoscope in healthy volunteers . BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Attempts have been made to improve patient 's tolerance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and to decrease the need for sedation , using thinner endoscopes and a nasal introduction route . We prospectively compared the oral and nasal routes in volunteers , using a thin prototype video endoscope . METHODS Ten healthy volunteers underwent two upper gastrointestinal endoscopies in a random order on two different days , with the procedure being carried out by a single experienced endoscopist . Parameters assessed were the tolerance of scope insertion and the assessment of the entire procedure ( 0-10 scale ) , the method of insertion preferred by the volunteers , the completeness of the examination ( assessed by an independent endoscopist ) , and the time required for the procedure . RESULTS In one patient , nasal insertion failed , and she was excluded from further analysis . The insertion of the scope was easier via the oral route , as reflected in a shorter examination time ( mean 165 vs. 210 seconds , p = 0.017 ) and patients ' tolerance for the scope insertion ( mean score : 8 for oral vs. 4 for nasal route ; p = 0.03 ) . On the other hand , gagging occurred more frequently during oral endoscopy ( 6/9 vs 1/9 , p = 0.05 ) . Three of the volunteers in each case preferred the oral or the nasal route , and three were not decided , in case of a repeated endoscopy . Similarly , the overall tolerance for the procedure did not between the two groups . CONCLUSION Thin-diameter gastroscopes seem to improve patient 's tolerance . In this small study in volunteers , nasal introduction showed no overall benefit over oral introduction . Modifications of the scope to achieve better nasal passage are necessary ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1856 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88200", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "nasal versus oral insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 26, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88201", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "video endoscope" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88202", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "upper gastrointestinal endoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 189, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88203", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "oral and nasal routes" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 371 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88204", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "oral endoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1331, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88205", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerance of scope insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88206", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "assessment of the entire procedure" ], "offsets": [ [ 692, 726 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88207", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "method of insertion preferred by the volunteers" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 795 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88208", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "completeness of the examination" ], "offsets": [ [ 802, 833 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88209", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time required for the procedure ." ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88210", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "nasal insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 946, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88211", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "insertion of the scope" ], "offsets": [ [ 1020, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88212", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "examination time" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88213", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patients ' tolerance for the scope insertion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1207 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88214", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "gagging" ], "offsets": [ [ 1291, 1298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88215", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "overall tolerance for the procedure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1530, 1565 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88216", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "patient 's tolerance" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88217", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy volunteers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 83, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88218", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Ten healthy volunteers underwent two upper gastrointestinal endoscopies in a random order on two different days , with the procedure being carried out by a single experienced endoscopist ." ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88220", "type": "document", "text": [ "Secondary caries formation in vitro around glass ionomer-lined amalgam and composite restorations . The aim of this in vitro secondary caries study was to examine the glass-ionomer liner 's effect on wall-lesion inhibition when a conventional and a light-cured glass ionomer liner was placed under amalgam and composite resin restorations . Class V preparations in extracted upper premolars were used and ten restorations were used for each of the following groups : ( i ) two layers of copal varnish and amalgam ; ( ii ) conventional glass-ionomer and amalgam ; ( iii ) light-cured glass-ionomer and amalgam ; ( iv ) bonding agent and light-cured composite resin ; ( v ) conventional glass-ionomer , bonding agent and light-cured composite resin ; ( vi ) light-cured glass-ionomer , extended 0.3 mm short of the enamel margin bonding agent and light-cured composite resin ; and ( vii ) light-cured glass-ionomer , extended 1 mm short of the enamel margin , bonding agent and light-cured composite resin . The teeth were thermocycled and artificial caries were created using an acid-gel . The results of this study showed that artificial recurrent caries can be reduced significantly ( P < 0.05 ) with a glass-ionomer liner under amalgam restorations . The results also showed that when the light-cured glass-ionomer liner was placed 0.3 mm from the cavosurface margin under composite resin restoration , the artificial recurrent caries reduced significantly ( P < 0.05 ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1473 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88221", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "glass-ionomer liner 's" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88222", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "glass ionomer liner" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88223", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "artificial caries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1038, 1055 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88224", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "glass-ionomer liner under amalgam restorations ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1204, 1252 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88225", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "glass-ionomer" ], "offsets": [ [ 167, 180 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88226", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "artificial recurrent caries" ], "offsets": [ [ 1127, 1154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88227", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "artificial recurrent caries reduced" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88229", "type": "document", "text": [ "A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression . The purpose of this study was to provide an experimental test of the theory of change put forth by A. T. Beck , A. J . Rush , B. F. Shaw , and G. Emery ( 1979 ) to explain the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CT ) for depression . The comparison involved randomly assigning 150 outpatients with major depression to a treatment focused exclusively on the behavioral activation ( BA ) component of CT , a treatment that included both BA and the teaching of skills to modify automatic thoughts ( AT ) , but excluding the components of CT focused on core schema , or the full CT treatment . Four experienced cognitive therapists conducted all treatments . Despite excellent adherence to treatment protocols by the therapists , a clear bias favoring CT , and the competent performance of CT , there was no evidence that the complete treatment produced better outcomes , at either the termination of acute treatment or the 6-month follow-up , than either component treatment . Furthermore , both BA and AT treatments were just as effective as CT at altering negative thinking as well as dysfunctional attributional styles . Finally , attributional style was highly predictive of both short- and long-term outcomes in the BA condition , but not in the CT condition ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1341 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88230", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive-behavioral treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88231", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "cognitive-behavioral therapy ( CT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88232", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "behavioral activation ( BA ) component of CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88233", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "BA" ], "offsets": [ [ 460, 462 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88234", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "teaching of skills to modify automatic thoughts ( AT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 525, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88235", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "full CT treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 649, 666 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88236", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88237", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 291, 293 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88238", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88239", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88240", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behavioral activation ( BA ) component of CT" ], "offsets": [ [ 436, 480 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88241", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "automatic thoughts ( AT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 579 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88242", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "core schema" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88243", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "complete treatment produced better outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 901, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88244", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 1106, 1115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88245", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "altering negative thinking" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1151 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88246", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "dysfunctional attributional styles ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1163, 1199 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88247", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "attributional style" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88248", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "short- and long-term outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1260, 1289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88249", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 59, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88250", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "150" ], "offsets": [ [ 356, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88251", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 377, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88253", "type": "document", "text": [ "Relationship of the dose of intravenous gammaglobulin to the prevention of infections in adults with common variable immunodeficiency . The objective was to assess clinical efficacy of 3 dosages of intravenous gammaglobulins to prevent infectious episodes in adult common variable immunodeficiency . We designed a randomized , double blind , dose-assessing study . The setting was at University Hospital , Out-patient Clinic . Our patients were twenty-one adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency . The measurements were comparative study of the number and severity of infections using 3 various dosages of intravenous gammaglobulins , each given monthly for M least 6 months . Results indicated four hundred and eighty-four infectious episodes occurred while giving 305 infusions of IVIG 200 mg/kg ; 205 infectious episodes while giving 170 infusions of 400 mg/kg and 436 infectious episodes while giving 247 infusions of 600 mg/kg . The morbidity scores ( infection/infusion ) were 1.59 , 1.21 and 1.77 respectively ( p - N/S ) . There was no significant difference in the severity of infections on the above 3 dosages , and no difference in the duration of infection-free intervals . The conclusions resulted in no significant differences in morbidity in adult patients with common variable immunodeficiency treated in cross-over pattern with IVIG 200 mg/kg , 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg . Thus , high dosages of IVIG are not conferring better protection against infections in such patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1503 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88254", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gammaglobulin" ], "offsets": [ [ 40, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88255", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous gammaglobulins" ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88256", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "gammaglobulins" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 224 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88257", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "IVIG 200 mg/kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 796, 810 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88258", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number and severity of infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88259", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "infectious episodes" ], "offsets": [ [ 236, 255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88260", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "morbidity scores ( infection/infusion )" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88261", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severity of infections" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88262", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "duration of infection-free intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 1160, 1196 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88263", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 951, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88264", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "immunodeficiency" ], "offsets": [ [ 117, 133 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88265", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "The setting was at University Hospital , Out-patient Clinic ." ], "offsets": [ [ 365, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88266", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "twenty-one" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88268", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of enflurane and isoflurane on splanchnic oxygenation in humans . STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of enflurane and isoflurane on hepatic venous oxygen saturation ( ShvO2 ) and splanchnic oxygen ( O2 ) extraction . To measure hemodynamic parameters and ShvO2 , mixed venous , and arterial lactate concentrations during enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia . DESIGN Randomized , prospective study . SETTING University hospital . PATIENTS 20 ASA physical status I , II , and III adults , who underwent major abdominal surgery requiring mechanical ventilation a few hours postoperatively . INTERVENTIONS After placement of catheters in the pulmonary artery , radial artery , peripheral and right hepatic vein , one hour postoperatively either enflurane or isoflurane was applied at different minimum alveolar concentration ( MAC ) of 0.5 , 1.0 , and 1.5 in a randomized order . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Before and 10 minutes after administration of each desired end-expiratory anesthetic concentration , the following parameters were determined : hemodynamic parameters , arterial ( SaO2 ) , mixed venous ( SvO2 ) , and hepatic venous oxygen saturations , systemic and splanchnic O2 extraction , arterial , mixed venous , and hepatic venous lactate concentrations . Cardiac output ( CO ) and mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) decreased in a dose dependent manner . SaO2 , SvO2 , and systemic O2 extraction remained unchanged with enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia . In the enflurane group , but not in the isoflurane group , ShvO2 decreased with increasing inhalational concentrations . This decrease in ShvO2 reflected an increase in splanchnic O2 extraction with enflurane ; in contrast to isoflurane . CONCLUSIONS Enflurane causes a decrease in ShvO2 , which indicates an impairment of splanchnic perfusion corresponding to the reduction in CO and MAP in a dose-dependent manner . Isoflurane maintains splanchnic perfusion in contrast to enflurane ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1969 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88269", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88270", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88271", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88272", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88273", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88274", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88275", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88276", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88277", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88278", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88279", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88280", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1734, 1743 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88281", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 1901, 1911 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88282", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88283", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splanchnic oxygenation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88284", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatic venous oxygen saturation ( ShvO2 ) and splanchnic oxygen ( O2 ) extraction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88285", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemodynamic parameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 265 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88286", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arterial ( SaO2 ) , mixed venous ( SvO2 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1090, 1131 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88287", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hepatic venous oxygen saturations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1138, 1171 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88288", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systemic and splanchnic O2 extraction , arterial , mixed venous , and hepatic venous lactate concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88289", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Cardiac output ( CO ) and mean arterial pressure ( MAP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1284, 1340 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88290", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SaO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88291", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "SvO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 1125, 1129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88292", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "systemic O2 extraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88293", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ShvO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88294", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ShvO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88295", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splanchnic O2 extraction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1187, 1211 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88296", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ShvO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 182, 187 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88297", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splanchnic perfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88298", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CO" ], "offsets": [ [ 1301, 1303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88299", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MAP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1338 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88300", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "splanchnic perfusion" ], "offsets": [ [ 1806, 1826 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88301", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "splanchnic oxygenation" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88302", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "20" ], "offsets": [ [ 453, 455 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88303", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 493, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88305", "type": "document", "text": [ "The tension-free hernioplasty in a randomized trial . BACKGROUND The tension-free hernioplasty as introduced by Lichtenstein has gained increasing acceptance during the last decade although the technique has not been evaluated in a randomized trial . METHODS This randomized study compares the 2-year follow-up results after 102 tension-free hernioplasties with implantation of a prolene mesh in all groin hernias to 53 Cooper ligament repairs in direct hernias and 53 abdominal ring repairs in indirect hernias . RESULTS After tension-free repairs five hernias recurred ( 5 % ) , and after either Cooper ligament or abdominal ring repair , 16 recurrences were found ( 15 % ) ( P = 0.025 ) . No indirect hernias recurred after a tension-free repair ; 2 recurred after abdominal ring repair ( 4 % ; NS ) . The recurrence rate after tension-free repairs for primary direct inguinal hernias was 7 % as compared with 30 % after Cooper ligament repair ( P = 0.0081 ) . No difference in complication rate between the tested methods was found . CONCLUSION Recurrence rate is reduced to one-third after tension-free herniotomies as compared with the conventionel herniotomies without increase in complication rate ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1207 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88306", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free hernioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88307", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free hernioplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 4, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88308", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free hernioplasties with implantation of a prolene mesh in all groin hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 329, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88309", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Cooper ligament repairs in direct hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88310", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "abdominal ring repairs in indirect hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88311", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free repairs" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88312", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Cooper ligament or abdominal ring repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 598, 638 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88313", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88314", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "abdominal ring repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88315", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free repairs" ], "offsets": [ [ 528, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88316", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Cooper ligament repair" ], "offsets": [ [ 420, 442 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88317", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "tension-free herniotomies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88318", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "conventionel herniotomies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1142, 1167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88319", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hernias recurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88320", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 655 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88321", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "indirect hernias recurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 695, 720 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88322", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrence rate after tension-free repairs for primary direct inguinal hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 809, 887 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88323", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88324", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Recurrence rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1049, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88325", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "complication rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 981, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88326", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "102" ], "offsets": [ [ 325, 328 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88327", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hernioplasties" ], "offsets": [ [ 342, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88328", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "groin hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88329", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "53" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88330", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "direct hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88331", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "53" ], "offsets": [ [ 417, 419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88332", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "indirect hernias" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 511 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88333", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "tension-free herniotomies" ], "offsets": [ [ 1095, 1120 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88335", "type": "document", "text": [ "Adjvant treatment of tongue and floor of the mouth cancers . Since January 1974 , 95 patients with anterior tongue and floor of the mouth cancers were included in a randomized trial . After stratification according to staging and initial treatment , one-third of the patients received chemotherapy for 2 years ( methotrexate 400 mg followed by citrovorum factor 100 mg + bleomycin 60 mg/week , during the first 15 weeks ) , one-third of the patients received immunotherapy with weekly C. parvum injections during 2 years , while the remaining third did not receive any treatment . If adjuvant treatment seems to delay recurrence it did not significantly decrease the recurrence rate . Survival is also not signigicantly modified by adjuvant treatment and was better for patients with small tumors . Patients who previously received radiotherapy did not benefit from adjuvant therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 884 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88336", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Adjvant treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 17 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88337", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy for 2 years ( methotrexate 400 mg followed by citrovorum factor 100 mg + bleomycin 60 mg/week , during the first 15 weeks )" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88338", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "one-third of the patients received immunotherapy with weekly C. parvum injections during 2 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 424, 520 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88339", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "remaining third did not receive any treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88340", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant" ], "offsets": [ [ 584, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88341", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88342", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "adjuvant therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 866, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88343", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "delay recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 612, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88344", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recurrence rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 667, 682 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88345", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 693 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88346", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mouth cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88347", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "95" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88348", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anterior tongue and floor of the mouth cancers" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88349", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "one-third" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88350", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "one-third" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88351", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "third" ], "offsets": [ [ 254, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88353", "type": "document", "text": [ "Baseline characteristics of participants in the Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes trial . The ABCD ( Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes ) trial is a large , prospective , randomized clinical trial designed to compare the effects of intensive with moderate blood pressure control on the prevention and progression of diabetic nephropathy , retinopathy , cardiovascular disease , and neuropathy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes ( NIDDM ) . The secondary objective is to determine equivalency of the effects of a calcium channel blocker ( nisoldipine ) and of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( enalapril ) as a first-line antihypertensive agent in the prevention and/or progression of these diabetic vascular complications . The study consists of two study populations : a hypertensive one ( diastolic blood pressure of > or = 90.0 mm Hg at the time of randomization ) and a normotensive one ( diastolic blood pressure of 80.0-89.0 mm Hg at the time of randomization ) . A total of 950 men and women aged 40-74 years were randomized and are being followed for 5 years at a single center . There were 470 randomized participants in the hypertensive population and 480 randomized participants in the normotensive population . This report summarizes the demographic , biochemical , and clinical characteristics of the randomized patients at the time of entry into the trial and evaluates the balance between the treatment groups within each population ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1484 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88354", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "moderate blood pressure control" ], "offsets": [ [ 272, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium channel blocker" ], "offsets": [ [ 536, 559 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88356", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nisoldipine" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 573 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88358", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88359", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88360", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 113 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88361", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "enalapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 637 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88362", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88363", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88364", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "diastolic blood pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 826, 850 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88365", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "participants in the Appropriate Blood Pressure Control in Diabetes trial ." ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88366", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "two study populations : a hypertensive one ( diastolic blood pressure of > or = 90.0 mm Hg at the time of randomization ) and a normotensive one ( diastolic blood pressure of 80.0-89.0 mm Hg at the time of randomization ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 781, 1004 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88368", "type": "document", "text": [ "Using a choice assessment to predict reinforcer effectiveness . A choice assessment has been found to be a more accurate method of identifying preferences than is single-item presentation . However , it is not clear whether the effectiveness of reinforcement varies positively with the degree of preference ( i.e. , whether the relative preference based on the results of a choice assessment predicts relative reinforcer effectiveness ) . In the current study , we attempted to address this question by categorizing stimuli as high , middle , and low preference based on the results of a choice assessment , and then comparing the reinforcing effectiveness of these stimuli using a concurrent operants paradigm . High-preference stimuli consistently functioned as reinforcers for all 4 clients . Middle-preference stimuli functioned as reinforcers for 2 clients , but only when compared with low-preference stimuli . Low-preference stimuli did not function as reinforcers when compared to high- and middle-preference stimuli . These results suggest that a choice assessment can be used to predict the relative reinforcing value of various stimuli , which , in turn , may help to improve programs for clients with severe to profound disabilities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1246 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88369", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "choice assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88370", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "A choice assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88371", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "choice assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88372", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "concurrent operants paradigm" ], "offsets": [ [ 682, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88373", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "choice assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 8, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88374", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "stimuli" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88376", "type": "document", "text": [ "Injection pain with propofol . Reduction with aspiration of blood . A randomised , controlled , single-blind study was performed on 100 patients to investigate a new method of reducing pain on propofol injection . Aspiration of 2 ml of the patient 's blood into a syringe of propofol immediately before injection was compared with the addition of lignocaine 20 mg or normal saline 2 ml to the propofol before injection . The addition of blood was significantly more effective in reducing pain on injection than the addition of saline ( p < 0.001 ) , but was not significantly more effective than the addition of lignocaine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 624 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88377", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol ." ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88378", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88379", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88380", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lignocaine 20 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 363 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88381", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "normal saline" ], "offsets": [ [ 367, 380 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88382", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "2 ml to the propofol before injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 418 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88383", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "Injection pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88384", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88385", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "reducing pain on injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 479, 505 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88386", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 466, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88387", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100" ], "offsets": [ [ 132, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88389", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of perioperative indomethacin on intracranial pressure , cerebral blood flow , and cerebral metabolism in patients subjected to craniotomy for cerebral tumors . This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of perioperative indomethacin on intracranial pressure ( ICP ) , cerebral blood flow ( CBF ) , and cerebral metabolism . Twenty patients subjected to craniotomy for supratentorial cerebral tumors were anesthetized with thiopental , fentanyl , nitrous oxide , and isoflurane . A PaCO2 level averaging 4.8 kPa ( median ) was achieved . The patients were randomized to intravenous indomethacin 50 mg or placebo administrated after exposure of the dura . ICP was measured continuously subdurally with a 22-gauge canula connected to a transducer . CBF and the arteriovenous difference of oxygen ( AVDO2 ) were measured twice , before and after indomethacin/placebo administration . A significant decrease in ICP from 6.5 to 1.5 mm Hg ( median ) was found after indomethacin administration . This decrease was caused by a significant decrease in CBF associated with a significant increase in AVDO2 . Indomethacin did not affect the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen , the arteriovenous difference of lactate , or the lactate/oxygen index , suggesting that indomethacin did not provoke global cerebral ischemia . In the indomethacin group , dura was sufficiently relaxed in eight of nine patients and dura was opened without the occurrence of cerebral swelling . In one patient , mannitol treatment was necessary to prevent dural tightness . In the placebo group , mannitol supplemented with hypocapnia was applied in five patients . These findings suggest that perioperative treatment with indomethacin is an excellent treatment of intracranial hypertension during normocapnic isoflurane anesthesia for craniotomy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1829 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88390", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88391", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anesthetized with thiopental , fentanyl , nitrous oxide , and isoflurane ." ], "offsets": [ [ 421, 495 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88392", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous indomethacin 50 mg" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 616 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88393", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo administrated after exposure of the dura" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88394", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ICP was measured continuously subdurally with a 22-gauge canula connected to a transducer" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 760 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88395", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 25, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88396", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intracranial pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 62 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88397", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral blood flow" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88398", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88399", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 212, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88400", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intracranial pressure ( ICP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 253, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88401", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral blood flow ( CBF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 285, 312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88402", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral metabolism" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88403", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ICP" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88404", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CBF" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arteriovenous difference of oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 775, 809 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ICP" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88407", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CBF" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88408", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "AVDO2" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88409", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen" ], "offsets": [ [ 1146, 1179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88410", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "arteriovenous difference of lactate ," ], "offsets": [ [ 1186, 1223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88411", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lactate/oxygen index" ], "offsets": [ [ 1231, 1251 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88412", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cerebral swelling" ], "offsets": [ [ 1456, 1473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88413", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "dural tightness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1537, 1552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88414", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "craniotomy for cerebral tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88415", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 341, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88416", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "craniotomy for supratentorial cerebral tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 370, 415 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88417", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "five" ], "offsets": [ [ 1631, 1635 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88419", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis . BACKGROUND In order to accommodate increasing patient preferences a new aqueous formulation of triamcinolone acetonide nasal spray was developed for the relief of symptoms associated with seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis . OBJECTIVE This multicenter , randomized , double-blind study was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of once-daily triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray ( 220 micrograms/day ) with placebo in relieving the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis due to ragweed . METHODS One hundred forty patients received either a once daily 220-microgram dose of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray or placebo for 2 weeks . Patients evaluated the severity of seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms daily for 2 weeks according to a 4-point scale ( 0 = absent , 1 = mild , 2 = moderate , 3 = severe ) . Physician and patient global evaluations of overall treatment effectiveness were assessed at the end of the treatment period . RESULTS Patients receiving triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray , 220 micrograms/day , had significantly ( P < .05 ) greater improvements in all rhinitis symptoms at weeks 1 and 2 and overall for the 2-week treatment period compared with the placebo group . A significant ( P = .006 ) improvement in the nasal index occurred as early as 12 hours after the first dose of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray . Both patients and physicians reported a greater overall improvement in symptoms for the triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray group . There were no differences between the two treatment groups in the incidence of adverse events . CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that a 220-microgram dose of triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray , administered once daily for 2 weeks , is well tolerated and reduces effectively the severity of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis due to ragweed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1994 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88420", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88421", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "of triamcinolone acetonide" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 46 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88422", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88423", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88424", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triamcinolone acetonide aqueous nasal spray" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88425", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 546 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88427", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 810, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88428", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improvements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88429", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rhinitis symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 845 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88430", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "improvement in the nasal index occurred" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1407 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88431", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1718, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88432", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduces effectively the severity of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis due to ragweed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1903, 1994 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88433", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88434", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88435", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "One hundred forty" ], "offsets": [ [ 628, 645 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88436", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic rhinitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 84, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88438", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on cardiac arrhythmias in African-American men with systemic hypertension and moderate to severe left ventricular hypertrophy . The effect of hydrochlorothiazide therapy on ventricular arrhythmias was studied in 45 hypertensive African-American men with moderate to severe left ventricular ( LV ) hypertrophy . After medication washout , patients were treated with placebo followed by hydrochlorothiazide . Clinical , biochemical , and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic data was collected after each treatment phase . Signal-averaged electrocardiograms were recorded in a subgroup of 24 patients . Average LV posterior wall thickness was 15 +/- 1.1 mm , septum 16 +/- 2 mm , LV mass 420 +/- 90 g , and LV mass index 212 = 51 g/m2 . Systolic blood pressure ( BP ) was 168 +/- 18 mm Hg after the placebo phase and 146 +/- 15 mm Hg after hydrochlorothiazide ; diastolic BP was 103 +/- 6 mm Hg and 89 +/- 9 mm Hg , respectively . Serum potassium decreased significantly from 4.2 +/- 0.4 mmol/L to 3.7 +/- 0.6 mmol/L after hydrochlorothiazide therapy . The average hourly incidence of ventricular premature contractions was 22 with placebo and 25 with hydrochlorothiazide . There were 3 and 1 couplets and 0.2 and 0.2 runs of ventricular tachycardia per patient per hour , respectively . Variables of signal-averaged electrocardiography did not differ between the 2 treatments . Thus , in hypertensive African-American men with moderate to severe LV hypertrophy , hydrochlorothiazide does not worsen ventricular arrhythmias or signal-averaged electrocardiographic variables ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1614 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88441", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88443", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88444", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 403, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88445", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88446", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "hydrochlorothiazide" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88447", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88448", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88449", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88450", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Clinical , biochemical , and 48-hour ambulatory electrocardiographic data" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88451", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Signal-averaged electrocardiograms" ], "offsets": [ [ 562, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88452", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Average LV posterior wall thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 642, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88453", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Systolic blood pressure ( BP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 806 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88454", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum potassium" ], "offsets": [ [ 970, 985 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88455", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular premature contractions" ], "offsets": [ [ 1124, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88456", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular tachycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1288 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88457", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signal-averaged electrocardiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 1340, 1375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88458", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "ventricular arrhythmias" ], "offsets": [ [ 211, 234 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88459", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "signal-averaged electrocardiographic variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 1566, 1612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88460", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "cardiac arrhythmias in African-American men with systemic hypertension and moderate to severe left ventricular hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 41, 163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88461", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "45 hypertensive African-American" ], "offsets": [ [ 250, 282 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88462", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 81, 84 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88463", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "with moderate to severe left ventricular ( LV ) hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 287, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88464", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "subgroup of 24 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88465", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertensive African-American men with moderate to severe LV hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1428, 1500 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88467", "type": "document", "text": [ "Levosulpiride in functional dyspepsia : a multicentric , double-blind , controlled trial . Abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility have been reported in a substantial proportion of patients with functional dyspepsia , supporting the use of prokinetic drugs for treatment of dyspeptic symptoms . To evaluate efficacy and safety of levosulpiride in short-term treatment , 1298 patients were enrolled in a double-blind multicentric study carried out in 45 Italian Gastroenterology Departments . Patients were randomly assigned to either levosulpiride ( 25 mg tid ) , domperidone ( 10 mg tid ) , metoclopramide ( 10 mg tid ) or placebo ( 1 tablet tid ) for 4 weeks . Patients were selected on the basis of : a ) occurrence in the last 4 weeks of at least 5/10 selected symptoms ( anorexia , nausea , vomiting , upper abdominal pain , postprandial bloating , abdominal fullness , early satiety , belching , heartburn , regurgitation ) , severity of which should reach/exceed a total score of 8 , as assessed by a specific scale ranging from 0 ( absent ) to 3 ( severe ) ; b ) normal results of routine biochemical , ultrasound and endoscopic examinations . In addition , each patient subjectively evaluated efficacy of treatment by a visual analogue scale . Significant improvement was recorded for all symptoms at days 10 and 28 in all groups ( p < 0.001 ) , but levosulpiride was significantly ( p < 0.01 ) superior to domperidone , metoclopramide and placebo both in the overall clinical improvement scale as well as in a subgroup of symptoms ( postprandial bloating , epigastric pain , heartburn ) . Active treatments and placebo were comparable as far as concerns occurrence of side-effects ( 12-20 % ) including galactorrhoea , breast tenderness and menstrual changes ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1773 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88468", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Levosulpiride" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 13 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88469", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prokinetic drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 243, 259 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88470", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levosulpiride" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88471", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levosulpiride" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "domperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88473", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88474", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88475", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "levosulpiride" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88476", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "domperidone" ], "offsets": [ [ 567, 578 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88477", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 595, 609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88478", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88479", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Active treatments" ], "offsets": [ [ 1602, 1619 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88480", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 627, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88481", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy and safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 329 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88482", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "anorexia , nausea , vomiting , upper abdominal pain , postprandial bloating , abdominal fullness , early satiety , belching , heartburn , regurgitation" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88483", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 310, 318 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88484", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "(" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 552 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88485", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postprandial bloating" ], "offsets": [ [ 833, 854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88486", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "epigastric pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 1570, 1585 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88487", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heartburn" ], "offsets": [ [ 905, 914 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88488", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "galactorrhoea , breast tenderness and menstrual changes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1716, 1771 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88489", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "functional dyspepsia" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88490", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "functional dyspepsia ," ], "offsets": [ [ 198, 220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88491", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "dyspeptic symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 277, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88492", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "1298" ], "offsets": [ [ 373, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88493", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anorexia , nausea , vomiting , upper abdominal pain , postprandial bloating , abdominal fullness , early satiety , belching , heartburn , regurgitation )" ], "offsets": [ [ 779, 932 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88495", "type": "document", "text": [ "The evolving clinical status of patients after a myocardial infarction : the importance of post-hospital data for mortality prediction . Studies predicting mortality after myocardial infarction ( MI ) usually rely on in-hospital data , and combine patients admitted for the first MI with recurrent MI patients . Since treatment decisions are often made or modified at the first outpatient clinic visit , this study was designed to evaluate the importance of post-hospital data on mortality prediction after a first myocardial infarction ( MI ) . An inception cohort of patients enrolled in the Beta-Blocker in Heart Attack Trial ( n = 2830 ) was included . Forty-three variables ( including in-hospital and post-hospital data ) were evaluated using stepwise logistic regression . Ten variables were independently associated with 1-year mortality : five used in-hospital data ( history of hypertension , hypercholesterolemia , congestive heart failure [ CHF ] , ventricular tachycardia , and age ) ; and five variables depended on post-hospital data collected at the first outpatient visit ( CHF after discharge , New York Heart Association functional class , heart rate , pulmonary rates , and smoking ) . Two predictive systems were developed that partitioned patients into one of four classes with distinct mortality risks : a composite system using the 10 in- and post-hospital variables , and a system using only the 5 in-hospital variables . Mortality risk for the composite system classes ranged from 0.6 to 20.0 % ( I [ n = 861 ] , 0.6 % ; II [ n = 1151 ] , 2.3 % ; III [ n =698 ] , 4.3 % ; IV [ n = 120 ] , 20.0 % ) . In contrast , the range of mortality risk using the in-hospital data only system was less ( 1 to 8.3 % ) . Most importantly , a distinct gradient within each class of the in-hospital data only system was created by the addition of the post-hospital data . This study demonstrates that risk stratification after an acute first MI is improved by the addition of post-hospital data ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2006 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88496", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88497", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "in-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88498", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88499", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "in-hospital and post-hospital data )" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 727 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88500", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88501", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "in-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88502", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "in-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 217, 233 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88503", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88504", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "post-hospital data" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88505", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Mortality risk" ], "offsets": [ [ 1447, 1461 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88506", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "range of mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1644, 1662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88507", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "myocardial infarction ( MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 172, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88508", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients admitted for the first MI with recurrent MI patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 248, 309 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88509", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients enrolled in the Beta-Blocker in Heart Attack Trial" ], "offsets": [ [ 569, 628 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88510", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "2830" ], "offsets": [ [ 635, 639 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88512", "type": "document", "text": [ "Intrathecal immunoactivation in patients with HIV-1 infection is reduced by zidovudine but not by didanosine . The effect of zidovudine and didanosine on the cerebrospinal fluid ( CSF ) concentrations of neopterin was studied in 12 patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 ( HIV-1 ) infection 3-12 months after initiation of antiretroviral therapy . Ten treatment periods on zidovudine and 7 on didanosine were analysed . The CSF concentrations of neopterin decreased by 63 % ( from 29.6 to 12.9 nmol/l , p < 0.01 ) during zidovudine but increased by 15 % ( from 22.6 to 25.9 nmol/l , not significant during didanosine treatment . The CSF monocytic cell count decreased during zidovudine but increased during didanosine treatment . The results suggest that zidovudine but not didanosine reduces intrathecal immunoactivation during HIV-1 infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 857 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88513", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88514", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88515", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88516", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88517", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiretroviral therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88518", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88519", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88520", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88521", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88522", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88523", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88524", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "zidovudine" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88525", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "didanosine" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 108 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88526", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Intrathecal immunoactivation" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88527", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CSF concentrations of neopterin" ], "offsets": [ [ 435, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88528", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CSF monocytic cell count" ], "offsets": [ [ 644, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88529", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intrathecal immunoactivation during HIV-1 infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 804, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88530", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with HIV-1 infection" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88531", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88532", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus type-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 246, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88533", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88534", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-1" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88536", "type": "document", "text": [ "Impact of triiodothyronine on the survival of high-risk patients undergoing open heart surgery . Experimental and clinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of triiodothyronine ( T3 ) following myocardial revascularization on cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) . In this study , open-label T3 was administered to 68 high-risk patients undergoing open heart surgery . The New Jersey Risk Assessment was used to calculate the preoperative estimated surgical mortality . A loading dose of T3 was administered : ( a ) at release of the aortic cross-clamp , ( b ) whenever the patient became CPB dependent , ( c ) if the patient exhibited low cardiac output after discontinuing CPB and ( d ) as pretreatment before initiating CPB . All therapeutic modalities were followed by a continuous T3 infusion . Following T3 therapy , CPB was discontinued in all patients . Based upon discriminant analysis , a total of 26 deaths were expected from the entire group , but only 7 patients died , therefore , the observed mortality was reduced by 72 % ( p < 0.007 ) . The use of T3 had a major impact on reducing surgical mortality , and may be advocated as a new therapeutic modality in patients with high estimated mortality undergoing open heart surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1246 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triiodothyronine" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88538", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open heart surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 96 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88539", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "triiodothyronine ( T3 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88540", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 266 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88541", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88542", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88543", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88544", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T3 therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 812, 822 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88545", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "CPB" ], "offsets": [ [ 259, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88546", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "T3" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88547", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival of high-risk patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88548", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "beneficial effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 146, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88549", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "New Jersey Risk Assessment" ], "offsets": [ [ 375, 401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88550", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "preoperative estimated surgical mortality ." ], "offsets": [ [ 428, 471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88551", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "deaths" ], "offsets": [ [ 913, 919 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88552", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "died" ], "offsets": [ [ 978, 982 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88553", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "observed mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1019 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88554", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "reducing surgical mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1119 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88555", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "estimated mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 1195, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88556", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high-risk patients undergoing open heart surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88557", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "68" ], "offsets": [ [ 317, 319 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88558", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "undergoing open heart surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88559", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "open heart surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 76, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88561", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ganciclovir use during mild renal failure in heart transplantation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 68 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88562", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Ganciclovir" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 11 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88563", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "heart transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88564", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88565", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "mild renal failure in heart transplantation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 68 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88567", "type": "document", "text": [ "Final report of a randomized controlled study with streptococcal preparation OK-432 as a supplementary immunopotentiator for laryngeal cancer . We conducted a randomized controlled study of streptococcal preparation OK-432 on 120 newly identified cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma who were registered at 10 participating institutions between November 1984 and October 1989 . The patients were divided into two groups : those in early stages ( stage I or II ) and those in advanced stages ( stage III or IV ) ; these groups were further subdivided into an immunotherapy group ( receiving OK-432 ) and a control group ( who did not receive OK-432 ) . The usefulness of OK-432 was studied using the sealed envelope method . The basic therapy for all cases was radiotherapy and , when required , surgery . As adjuvant therapy , 5Fu or derivatives were administered to all cases from the beginning of the treatment period to one year after the basic therapy , with the exception of cases in whom side effects were serious enough to contraindicate use of the drug . The target administration period was 5 years . Of the initial 120 cases , 11 cases were disqualified ( 3 cases of double cancer and 8 of incomplete primary therapy ) and the remaining 109 were used for evaluation . The 5-year survival rate and the 5-year recurrence-free rate were 76 % and 84 % , respectively , in the immunized groups ( both the early and advanced groups ) , whereas the same rates for the control groups were 78 % and 75 % . There was a tendency for the immunized groups to enjoy a slightly longer recurrence-free period . Over a 24-month observation period the immunized group always had higher levels of peripheral leukocytes and peripheral lymphocytes ; this difference was significant for the first 21 months . Inhibition of bone marrow function is sometimes observed with radiotherapy . It is hoped that , if this inhibition can be mitigated , it will be possible to assist the compromised immune system and maintain a certain level of immune performance which will prevent recurrence and improve survival rate . In the present study we observed a tendency of the lower recurrence rate in the immunized group , and we hypothesize that OK-432 is effective in extending the recurrence-free period ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2289 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88568", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OK-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88569", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OK-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88570", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OK-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88571", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 36 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88572", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OK-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88573", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "OK-432" ], "offsets": [ [ 77, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88574", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "5-year survival rate and the 5-year recurrence-free rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1344 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88575", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "slightly longer recurrence-free period" ], "offsets": [ [ 1570, 1608 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88576", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "levels of peripheral leukocytes and peripheral lymphocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1684, 1742 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88577", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Inhibition of bone marrow function" ], "offsets": [ [ 1803, 1837 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88578", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "certain level of immune performance" ], "offsets": [ [ 2012, 2047 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88579", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "improve survival rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 2082, 2103 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88581", "type": "document", "text": [ "The impact of a psychological intervention on quality of life in non-metastatic breast cancer . The aim of this study was to determine whether psychological intervention had a beneficial effect on the quality of life and behaviour of women diagnosed with breast cancer . 36 consecutive patients with non-metastatic breast cancer assigned to surgery and systemic chemotherapy were randomised to receive either psychological intervention ( weekly cognitive individual psychotherapy and bimonthly family counselling ) or standard follow-up . Personality ( 16-PF and IIQ ) , quality of life ( FLIC ) , and depression ( BDI ) scores were the endpoints for this study , and the questionnaires were completed by the patients at diagnosis , and up to 9 months after diagnosis . Cognitive psychotherapy and family counselling improved both depression and quality of life indexes compared with the control group . Better emotional coping behaviours were also revealed by some changes in personality traits in the intervention group ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1023 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88582", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "psychological intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88583", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "psychological intervention ( weekly cognitive individual psychotherapy and bimonthly family counselling )" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88584", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "standard follow-up" ], "offsets": [ [ 518, 536 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88585", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88586", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 61 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88587", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "behaviour" ], "offsets": [ [ 221, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88588", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Personality ( 16-PF and IIQ )" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 568 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88589", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life ( FLIC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 571, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88590", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression ( BDI ) scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 627 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88591", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "depression" ], "offsets": [ [ 602, 612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88592", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "quality of life indexes" ], "offsets": [ [ 846, 869 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88593", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "emotional coping behaviours" ], "offsets": [ [ 911, 938 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88594", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-metastatic breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88595", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88596", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88597", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "36" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 273 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88598", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-metastatic breast cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88600", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ranitidine improves lymphocyte function after severe head injury : results of a randomized , double-blind study . OBJECTIVE To study the immunomodulatory effect of the histamine receptor antagonist , ranitidine , in patients admitted to the intensive care unit after severe head injury . DESIGN Randomized , prospective , double-blind study . SETTING Surgical intensive care unit of a university Level I trauma center . PATIENTS Twenty patients admitted with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of < 10 who were enrolled as part of a prospective , multicenter trial to assess the impact of multiple risk factors and ranitidine prophylaxis on the development of stress-related upper gastrointestinal bleeding . INTERVENTIONS Continuous infusion of ranitidine at 6.25 mg/hr ( n = 9 ) or placebo ( n = 11 ) for a maximum of 5 days . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Before the patients were enrolled in the study and on completion of treatment , lymphocyte cell-surface antigen expression was determined by flow cytometry ( n = 14 patients ) ; mitogen-stimulated interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 production were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( n = 19 patients ) . Treatment with ranitidine , but not placebo , was associated with a significant increase in CD4+ lymphocytes ( 33 % to 49 % ; p < .05 ) and a significant decrease in CD8+ lymphocytes ( 41 % to 27 % ; p < .05 ) . Also , the mitogen-stimulated interferon-gamma production increased from 121 to 269 pg/mL ( p < .05 ) in patients treated with ranitidine , but not in patients treated with placebo . There were no significant differences in interleukin-2 production or circulating B-cell concentrations between both groups . CONCLUSION This study demonstrates an immunostimulatory effect of the histamine-2-receptor antagonist , ranitidine , both at the cellular and mediator levels in patients after head injury ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1876 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88601", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Continuous infusion of ranitidine at 6.25 mg/hr" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88602", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88603", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88604", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88605", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ranitidine" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 210 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88606", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 776, 783 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88607", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lymphocyte cell-surface antigen expression" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 973 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88608", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mitogen-stimulated interferon-gamma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1029, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88609", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "interleukin-2 production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88610", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD4+ lymphocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1259, 1275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88611", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD8+ lymphocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1333, 1349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88612", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mitogen-stimulated interferon-gamma production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1390, 1436 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88613", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "interleukin-2 production" ], "offsets": [ [ 1069, 1093 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88614", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circulating B-cell concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1631, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88615", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "severe head injury :" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88616", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients after head injury ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1848, 1876 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88618", "type": "document", "text": [ "Improved local control of invasive bladder cancer by concurrent cisplatin and preoperative or definitive radiation . The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group . PURPOSE A prospective randomized trial was conducted to determine whether the addition of concurrent cisplatin to preoperative or definitive radiation therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer improved local control or survival . PATIENTS AND METHODS Ninety-nine eligible patients with T2 to T4b transitional cell bladder cancer participated , 64 % with cT3b or cT4 . Patients and their physicians selected either definitive radiotherapy or precystectomy radiotherapy ; patients were then randomly allocated to receive intravenous cisplatin 100 mg/m2 at 2-week intervals for three cycles concurrent with pelvic radiation , or to receive radiation without chemotherapy . Patients were stratified by clinical tumor stage and by radiation plan . The median follow-up duration is 6.5 years . RESULTS The occurrence of distant metastases was the same in both study arms . However , 25 of 48 control patients have had a first recurrence in the pelvis , compared with 15 of 51 cisplatin-treated patients ( P = .036 ) . The pelvic relapse rate in the two groups was significantly reduced by concurrent cisplatin ( P = .038 , log-rank test ) and this effect was preserved in a stepwise Cox regression model of prognostic factors ( hazards ratio , 0.50 ; 90 % confidence interval [ CI ] , 0.29 to 0.86 ; P = .036 ) . The hazard reduction was similar for both radiation plans . Pretreatment leukocytosis and high clinical stage were independent adverse factors in a Cox model of overall survival , but the effect of cisplatin was not significant . CONCLUSION Concurrent cisplatin may improve pelvic control of locally advanced bladder cancer with preoperative or definitive radiation , but has not been shown to improve overall survival . The use of concurrent cisplatin had no detectable effect on distant metastases ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2003 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88619", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "concurrent cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88620", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88621", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "preoperative" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88622", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "definitive radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88623", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "concurrent cisplatin to preoperative" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 307 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88624", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88625", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "precystectomy radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 636, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88626", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 714, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88627", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "concurrent with pelvic radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 783, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88628", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "receive radiation without chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 824, 862 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88629", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1165, 1182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88630", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concurrent cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88631", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88632", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Concurrent cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1743, 1763 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88633", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "preoperative or definitive radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88634", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "concurrent cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 73 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88635", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "local control or survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88636", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "occurrence of distant metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 995, 1027 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88637", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "first recurrence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1109, 1125 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88638", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pelvic relapse rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1211, 1230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88639", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hazard reduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1506, 1522 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88640", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88641", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pelvic control" ], "offsets": [ [ 1776, 1790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88642", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1663, 1679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88643", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "muscle-invasive bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 357, 387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88644", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ninety-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 446, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88645", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "T2 to T4b transitional cell bladder cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 523 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88646", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "64 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88648", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol lowering . BACKGROUND There is accumulating experimental , epidemiological , and clinical evidence of an association between anti-oxidant vitamin intake and reduced risk of coronary heart disease . Using data from the Cholesterol Lowering Atherosclerosis Study ( CLAS ) , we explored the association of self-selected supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on the rate of progression of early preintrusive atherosclerosis . METHODS AND RESULTS CLAS was an arterial imaging trial in which nonsmoking 40- to 59-year-old men with previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery were randomized to colestipol/niacin plus diet or placebo plus diet . The rate of progression of early preintrusive atherosclerosis was determined in 146 subjects using high-resolution B-mode ultrasound quantification of the distal common carotid artery far wall intima-media thickness ( IMT ) . From the nutritional supplement database , 22 subjects had an on-trial average supplementary vitamin E intake of > or = 100 IU per day ( high users ) and 29 subjects had an average on-trial supplementary vitamin C intake of > or = 250 mg per day ( high users ) . Within the placebo group , less carotid IMT progression was found for high supplementary vitamin E users when compared with low vitamin E users ( 0.008 versus 0.023 mm/y , P = .03 ) . No effect of vitamin E within the drug group was found . No effect of vitamin C within the drug or placebo group was found . CONCLUSIONS Supplementary vitamin E intake appears to be effective in reducing the progression of atherosclerosis in subjects not treated with lipid-lowering drugs while the process is still confined to the arterial wall ( early preintrusive atherosclerosis ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1848 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88649", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "supplementary antioxidant vitamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88650", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "anti-oxidant vitamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 290 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88651", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antioxidant vitamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88652", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "colestipol/niacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 738, 755 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88653", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo plus diet ." ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 788 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88654", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88655", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88656", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88657", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88658", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88659", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1108, 1117 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88660", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin C" ], "offsets": [ [ 1219, 1228 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88661", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 769, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88662", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Supplementary vitamin E" ], "offsets": [ [ 1599, 1622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88663", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lipid-lowering drugs" ], "offsets": [ [ 1730, 1750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88664", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88665", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "rate of progression of early preintrusive atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 510, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88666", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "less carotid IMT progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1333 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88667", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vitamin" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88668", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progression of atherosclerosis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1670, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88669", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "early preintrusive atherosclerosis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 533, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88670", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nonsmoking" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 644 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88671", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "40- to 59-year-old" ], "offsets": [ [ 645, 663 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88672", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "men" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88673", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "previous coronary artery bypass graft surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 673, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88674", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "146" ], "offsets": [ [ 869, 872 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88676", "type": "document", "text": [ "Age and autonomic effects on interrelationships between lung volume and heart rate . To determine effects of aging and autonomic input on interrelationships between respiratory and heart rate variability , we collected 5 min of lung volume of R-R interval data from 7 young [ 27 +/- 3 ( SD ) yr ] and 10 older ( 69 +/- 6 yr ) healthy supine humans before and after double pharmacological autonomic blockade with propranolol ( 0.2 mg/kg iv ) and atropine ( 0.04 mg/kg iv ) . Estimates of respiratory and heart rate power spectra and linear transfer functions between the two groups were generated by Fourier analysis . Age , double blockade effects , the age-drug interactions were determined by analysis of variance for repeated measures . Basal R-R intervals were unaffected by age . Double blockade decreased R-R intervals and variability in both age groups ( P < 0.0001 ) , but R-R intervals decreased less in older than in young subjects ( P < 0.0001 ) . In contrast , basal respiratory intervals and standard deviation were greater in older subjects ( P = 0.05 ) and were unaffected by double blockade in young and older subjects . Lung volume-to-heart rate spectral coherence was highest at frequencies associated with respiration and greater in young than in older subjects ( P < 0.07 ) . Double blockade decreased lung volume-to-heart rate variability transfer function magnitude ( P < 0.007 ) and increased phase angle ( P < 0.02 ) without age effects or age-drug interactions . In conclusion , heart rate , respiration , and respiration-heart rate interrelations are altered by aging , and double autonomic pharmacological blockade does not eliminate all age-related differences ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1690 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88677", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propranolol" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 423 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 445, 453 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88679", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "R-R intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 746, 759 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88680", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "variability" ], "offsets": [ [ 192, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88681", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "basal respiratory intervals" ], "offsets": [ [ 973, 1000 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88682", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Lung volume-to-heart rate spectral coherence" ], "offsets": [ [ 1137, 1181 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88683", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "lung volume-to-heart rate variability transfer function magnitude" ], "offsets": [ [ 1322, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88684", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "phase angle" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1427 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 72, 82 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88686", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "respiration" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1236 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88687", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "respiration-heart rate interrelations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1535, 1572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88688", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "7" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 267 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88689", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young [ 27 +/- 3 ( SD ) yr ]" ], "offsets": [ [ 268, 296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88690", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 301, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88691", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "older ( 69 +/- 6 yr )" ], "offsets": [ [ 304, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88692", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy supine humans before and after double pharmacological autonomic blockade with propranolol ( 0.2 mg/kg iv ) and atropine ( 0.04 mg/kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 326, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88693", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "young and older subjects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1110, 1136 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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[ { "id": "88695", "type": "document", "text": [ "Differential effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors on the vasodepressor and prostacyclin responses to bradykinin . Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE ) inhibitors block degradation of bradykinin and bradykinin stimulates prostacyclin production . ACE inhibitors are reported to increase prostaglandins . Therefore , we set out to determine 1 ) the contribution of prostacyclin to the bradykinin-mediated vasodepressor effects of ACE inhibitors , 2 ) whether ACE inhibitors alter the effect of bradykinin on prostacyclin , and 3 ) whether the effects of ACE inhibitors on bradykinin and prostaglandins are class effects or dependent on ACE inhibitor structure . To address these questions , we compared the effects of captopril , quinapril and placebo on blood pressure , urinary excretion of 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1 alpha , and the vasodepressor response to i.v . bradykinin in 21 salt-replete normal-to-high renin hypertensive patients . Captopril and quinapril doses were titrated to lower pressure similarly . Captopril , but not quinapril , increased excretion of prostacyclin metabolite ( 217 +/- 50 vs. 135 +/- 21 pg/mg Cr base line , P < .05 ) . Both ACE inhibitors dramatically , equally potentiated the vasodepressor response to bradykinin ; the bradykinin dose required to decrease mean arterial pressure 15 mm Hg or increase pulse 20 bpm was 50-fold lower in ACEI-treated than in placebo-treated subjects ( 10 +/- 0 and 12.1 +/- 2.1 ng/kg/min in captopril and quinapril groups vs. 567 +/- 109 ng/kg/min in the placebo group ; P < .005 ) . ACE inhibition significantly attenuated the prostacyclin response to bradykinin at any given level of hypotensive response . Indomethacin abolished the prostacyclin response to bradykinin but did not alter the vasodepressor response . These data demonstrate that ACE inhibitors potentiate bradykinin-mediated vasodepression through a prostaglandin-independent mechanism . They suggest that although ACE inhibitors increase prostaglandins by increasing bradykinin , ACE inhibitors may attenuate prostaglandin production through a second bradykinin-independent mechanism ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2133 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "88696", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 64 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88697", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bradykinin ." ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 128 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88698", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Angiotensin converting enzyme ( ACE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 166 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88699", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88700", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88701", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88702", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE inhibitors" ], "offsets": [ [ 262, 276 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88703", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88704", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "captopril , quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88705", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88706", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bradykinin" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 126 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88707", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Captopril and quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88708", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Captopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 952, 961 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88709", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88710", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACEI-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1383, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88711", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1404, 1419 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88712", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "captopril" ], "offsets": [ [ 732, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88713", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "quinapril" ], "offsets": [ [ 744, 753 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88714", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 758, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88715", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88716", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Indomethacin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1688, 1700 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88717", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ACE" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88718", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prostacyclin metabolite" ], "offsets": [ [ 1081, 1104 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88719", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vasodepressor response" ], "offsets": [ [ 845, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88720", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean arterial pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1305, 1327 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88721", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prostacyclin response to bradykinin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1607, 1642 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88722", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prostacyclin response" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 111 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "88723", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "vasodepressor response ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1773, 1797 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

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