Datasets:

aakanksha19

/

pico_bigbio_processed

like 0

[ { "id": "92883", "type": "document", "text": [ "Preoperative irradiation versus the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for prevention of heterotopic ossification following total hip replacement : the results of a randomized trial . PURPOSE Previous studies showed the effectiveness of early preoperative ( 4 h before operation ) irradiation for prevention of heterotopic ossification ( HO ) after total hip replacement . This procedure can result in logistic problems , if there is a great distance between the department of radiotherapy and the orthopedic clinic . To avoid these organizational problems a prospective study was undertaken to analyze the effectiveness of preoperative irradiation on the day preceding surgery ( 16-20 h before operation ) . METHODS AND MATERIALS Between 1995 and 1996 , 100 patients were randomized to receive a prophylactic therapy for prevention of heterotopic ossification . Forty-six patients were irradiated with 7 Gy single dose within 16-20 h before operation . Fifty-four patients were treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) ( Voltaren resinat 2 x 75 mg/day for 2 weeks ) . Heterotopic ossification was scored according to the Brooker Grading system . One hundred patients receiving no prophylactic therapy after total hip arthroplasty between 1988 and 1992 were analyzed and defined as the historical control group . RESULTS Incidence of heterotopic ossification was 47.8 % in the 7 Gy preoperative group ( Brooker Score I : 36.9 % ; II : 8.7 % ; III : 2.2 % ; IV : 0 % ) and 11.1 % in the NSAID group ( Brooker Score I : 9.3 % ; II : 1.8 % ; III : 0 % ; IV : 0 % ) . Regarding overall heterotopic ossification there was a significant difference between the NSAID group and the 7 Gy group ( p < 0.01 ) . Analyzing the clinically significant heterotopic ossification ( Brooker Score III and IV ) there was no significant difference between the two treatment arms ( p > 0.05 ) . In the untreated historical control group the incidence of heterotopic ossification was 65 % ( Brooker Score I : 26 % ; II : 15 % ; III : 19 % ; IV : 5 % ) . Referring to overall and to clinically relevant heterotopic ossification the incidence of HO was greater in the control group than in the prophylactically treated groups ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Irradiation within 16-20 h before operation and use of NSAID ( Voltaren resinat ) can reduce the incidence of clinically relevant heterotopic ossification after total hip replacement ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2439 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92884", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "irradiated with 7 Gy single dose within 16-20 h before operation ." ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 962 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92885", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ( NSAID ) ( Voltaren resinat 2 x 75 mg/day for 2 weeks ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 988, 1096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92886", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92887", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92888", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness of preoperative irradiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 616, 657 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92889", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 1097, 1121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92890", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Brooker Grading system" ], "offsets": [ [ 1150, 1172 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92891", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92892", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Brooker Score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92893", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Brooker Score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92894", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92895", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification (" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 346 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92896", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Brooker Score III and IV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1792, 1816 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92897", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 289 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92898", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92899", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Brooker Score" ], "offsets": [ [ 1431, 1444 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92900", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92901", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "HO" ], "offsets": [ [ 347, 349 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92902", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "total hip replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92903", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "100 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 764, 776 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92904", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "heterotopic ossification" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 122 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "92906", "type": "document", "text": [ "Efficacy and safety relative to placebo of an oral formulation of cetirizine and sustained-release pseudoephedrine in the management of nasal congestion . BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the clinical efficacy of an oral formulation of cetirizine 5 mg with sustained-release pseudoephedrine ( PSE ) 120 mg relative to placebo in patients with nasal congestion . METHODS Twenty-four patients with perennial rhinitis due to house-dust-mite ( HDM ) allergy were recruited in this crossover study . A treatment period of 1 week , in which cetirizine/PSE was administered twice daily , was followed by a washout period of at least 2 weeks and a further period of 1 week in which the alternative treatment was given to each patient . Immediately after the first dose of each medication ( day 1 ) , nasal congestion and related symptoms were assessed during a 7-h challenge with HDM feces , with the Vienna Challenge Chamber ( VCC ) , to investigate onset of action of the preparation . A second challenge of 3-h duration , carried out at least 12 h after the final dose , was undertaken after 1 week ( mean ) of twice-daily treatment to assess residual effects of the formulation after achievement of steady state . RESULTS The oral formulation of cetirizine/PSE was significantly ( P < 0.001 ) superior to placebo in improving nasal obstruction during both challenges . The improvement in nasal airflow and nasal patency was significantly greater with cetirizine/PSE than with placebo ( P < 0.02 ) . In addition , subjective assessment of nasal symptoms showed that cetirizine/PSE was significantly superior to placebo in both challenges for the sum of nasal obstruction scores ( P < 0.01 ) . Both medications were well tolerated , and no serious adverse events occurred during the study . CONCLUSIONS In this study , cetirizine/PSE relieved nasal congestion and other objective and subjective symptoms to a significantly greater extent than placebo . No serious adverse events occurred , and both regimens were equally well tolerated ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2045 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92907", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92908", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92909", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pseudoephedrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92910", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine" ], "offsets": [ [ 66, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92911", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pseudoephedrine" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92912", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92913", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine/PSE" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92914", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine/PSE" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92915", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92916", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine/PSE" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92917", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92918", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92919", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cetirizine/PSE" ], "offsets": [ [ 549, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92920", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 8 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92921", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "safety" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92922", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "management of nasal congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 122, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92923", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "clinical efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 206, 223 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92924", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92925", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1161, 1168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92926", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal obstruction" ], "offsets": [ [ 1336, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92927", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal airflow" ], "offsets": [ [ 1398, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92928", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal patency" ], "offsets": [ [ 1416, 1429 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92929", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sum of nasal obstruction scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1655, 1686 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92930", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92931", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92932", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "nasal congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92933", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1756, 1770 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92934", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1729, 1738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92935", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "nasal congestion" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 152 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92936", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with nasal congestion ." ], "offsets": [ [ 343, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92937", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-four" ], "offsets": [ [ 384, 395 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "92939", "type": "document", "text": [ "The \" SPEM \" ( Studio Policentrico Elettrocateteri Membrane ) : a multicenter study on membrane leads . SPEM is a multicenter randomized double-blind study performed to test the acute and chronic electrophysiological behavior of three different ventricular leads : ( 1 ) an ion exchange membrane with 30-microgram dexamethasone elution in a contoured activated carbon tip lead ( Membrane 1400T , 30 patients ) ; ( 2 ) the same lead design without steroid ( Membrane 1401T , 24 patients ) ; and ( 3 ) the same lead design without steroid or membrane ( control group , 27 patients ) . Twenty-three of the 81 patients were women ; the mean age for all patients was 74 +/- 10 years . Parameters are calculated both in uni- and bipolar configuration at implant and at follow-up after 1 , 5 , 15 , 30 , 90 , 180 , and 360 days . Implant threshold ( chronaxie = 0.413 +/- 0.280 ms , rheobase = 0.264 +/- 0.099 V ) , signal amplitude ( 13.45 +/- 5.87 mV ) , and slew rate ( 2.05 +/- 1.38 V/s ) reveal no significant differences . Pacing impedance values both at implant ( unipolar 571 +/- 165 omega ; bipolar 605 +/- 123 omega ) and at follow-ups ( unipolar 480 +/- 72 omega ; bipolar 518 +/- 75 omega ) are slightly lower in the unipolar configuration . At 15 and 30-day follow-ups , control group and nonsteroid leads show a higher threshold value growth ( in unipolar from 0.16 +/- 0.11 to 1.19 +/- 0.85 microJ ; in bipolar from 0.18 +/- 0.13 to 1.24 +/- 0.88 microJ ) than the membrane steroid leads ( in unipolar from 0.13 +/- 0.11 to 0.70 +/- 0.39 microJ ; in bipolar from 0.23 +/- 0.32 to 0.76 +/- 0.36 microJ ) ; the threshold of nonsteroid leads decreases after 1-3 months and it settles at the same threshold level of the leads with membrane and steroid ( in unipolar 0.60 +/- 0.33 microJ ; in bipolar 0.55 +/- 0.26 microJ ) , which has been stable since the first month . The ion exchange membrane is effective in reducing the chronic pacing threshold like acute steroid elution at low doses , but membrane alone does not prevent an acute pacing threshold increase through the first month postimplant ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2105 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92940", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "an ion exchange membrane with 30-microgram dexamethasone elution in a contoured activated carbon tip lead" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 376 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92941", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "same lead design without steroid" ], "offsets": [ [ 422, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92942", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "same lead design without steroid or membrane" ], "offsets": [ [ 504, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92943", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "ion exchange membrane" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 295 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92944", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute and chronic electrophysiological behavior" ], "offsets": [ [ 178, 225 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92945", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Pacing impedance values" ], "offsets": [ [ 1022, 1045 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92946", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92947", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92948", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 831, 840 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92949", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "chronic pacing threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 1930, 1954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92950", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute pacing threshold" ], "offsets": [ [ 2036, 2058 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92951", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "membrane leads" ], "offsets": [ [ 87, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92952", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "ventricular leads" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92953", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-three" ], "offsets": [ [ 583, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92954", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "81" ], "offsets": [ [ 603, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92955", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "women" ], "offsets": [ [ 620, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92956", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "74 +/- 10 years" ], "offsets": [ [ 662, 677 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "92958", "type": "document", "text": [ "A search for serologic correlates of immunity to Bordetella pertussis cough illnesses . In a pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany we collected sera from vaccinees ( DTaP or DTP ) after the third and fourth doses of vaccine or at comparable time periods in DT vaccine recipients . In addition , sera were collected from a randomized sample of subjects in each vaccine group at approximately 3-month intervals from which antibody kinetic curves were constructed , which allowed us to estimate specific antibody values to pertussis toxin ( PT ) , filamentous hemagglutinin ( FHA ) , pertactin and fimbriae-2 at the time of exposure in the household setting . The imputed geometric mean antibody values to PT , pertactin and fimbriae-2 at the time of household exposure to Bordetella pertussis infection were higher ( p < 0.07 or lower ) in non-cases compared with cases . A multivariate ( classification tree ) analysis found that only pertactin and PT were significant in protection . Subjects with an imputed pertactin value of < 7 EU ml-1 had a 67 % ( 18/27 ) chance of infection regardless of the PT value . If the pertactin value was > or = 7 EU ml-1 and the PT value > or = 66 EU ml-1 all subjects were non-cases . If the pertactin value was > or = 7 and the PT value was < 66 EU ml-1 the predicted probability of being a case was 31 % ( 15/49 ) . Logistic regression analysis also found that high versus low pertactin values were associated with illness prevention following household exposure . In the presence of antibody to pertactin , PT and fimbriae-2 , the additional presence of antibody to FHA did not contribute to protection . Our data support historical data indicating that agglutinating antibodies are associated with protection and also recent serologic correlates data and clinical efficacy data which indicate that multicomponent vaccines containing pertactin and fimbriae have better efficacy than PT or PT/FHA vaccines ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1949 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92959", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vaccinees ( DTaP or DTP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 160, 185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92960", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pertussis" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92961", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "multicomponent vaccines containing pertactin and fimbriae" ], "offsets": [ [ 1842, 1899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92962", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Logistic regression analysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1358, 1386 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92963", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pertussis vaccine efficacy trial in Germany" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 136 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "92965", "type": "document", "text": [ "Blind versus open approach to laparoscopic cholecystectomy : a randomized study . Intraabdominal structures may be damaged during blind introduction of the first trocar for laparoscopic operations . In this study , 150 patients with gallbladder lithiasis who underwent laparoscopy were randomly assigned to two groups , a blind ( V group ) or an open ( H group ) , in order to compare the results and the rate of complications . No mortality was observed . Major complications occurred in 3/75 ( 4 % ) patients of the V group and in 1/75 ( 1.3 % ) patient of the H group ( p < 0.05 ) . Minor complications occurred in 5/75 ( 6.7 % ) patients of either group . The achievement of pneumoperitoneum required 4.5+/-0.4 min in the V group and 3.2+/-0.2 min in the H group ( p < 0.05 ) . The open laparoscopic technique is safer and faster than the blind approach ; therefore , it is proposed that this approach be routinely used in all laparoscopic procedures ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 956 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92966", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "Blind versus open approach to laparoscopic cholecystectomy :" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92967", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "laparoscopic" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92968", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "open laparoscopic technique" ], "offsets": [ [ 786, 813 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92969", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "blind approach" ], "offsets": [ [ 843, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92970", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "rate of complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 405, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92971", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "mortality" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92972", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Major complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92973", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Minor complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 605 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92974", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "achievement of pneumoperitoneum" ], "offsets": [ [ 664, 695 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92975", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "150" ], "offsets": [ [ 215, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92976", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "gallbladder lithiasis" ], "offsets": [ [ 233, 254 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92977", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "laparoscopy" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 280 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "92979", "type": "document", "text": [ "A comparison of the recovery times of desflurane and isoflurane in outpatient anesthesia . The low solubility of desflurane has been shown to contribute to faster awakening from anesthesia when compared with other anesthetics in common use . However , research has failed to consistently demonstrate faster discharge times from the postanesthesia care unit following the use of desflurane . This study was undertaken to compare the recovery and discharge times of outpatients undergoing procedures greater than 2 hours in length . Thirty-three patients aged 18 to 70 years were randomized to receive either desflurane or isoflurane following a standard intravenous induction with propofol . Patients received premedication and opioids consistent with institutional practice , and inhalation agents were titrated to effect during anesthetic maintenance . Following surgery , patients were evaluated for time to emergence and time to meeting discharge criteria . The results demonstrated no differences between the emergence or discharge times following desflurane or isoflurane . In addition , measured parameters , such as intraoperative vital signs and postoperative emesis and opioid requirements , were not different between the groups . The use of desflurane as part of a balanced anesthetic technique did not speed the emergence or discharge time when compared with isoflurane ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1383 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "92980", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92981", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92982", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92983", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92984", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92985", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92986", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "propofol" ], "offsets": [ [ 680, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92987", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92988", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92989", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "desflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 38, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92990", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "isoflurane" ], "offsets": [ [ 53, 63 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92991", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recovery times" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 34 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92992", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recovery and discharge times" ], "offsets": [ [ 432, 460 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92993", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to emergence and time to meeting discharge criteria ." ], "offsets": [ [ 902, 960 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92994", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraoperative vital signs and postoperative emesis and opioid requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 1123, 1198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92995", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discharge time" ], "offsets": [ [ 307, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92996", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "outpatient anesthesia" ], "offsets": [ [ 67, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92997", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "procedures greater than 2 hours in length" ], "offsets": [ [ 487, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92998", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-three" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 543 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "92999", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 467, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93000", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "18 to 70" ], "offsets": [ [ 558, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93002", "type": "document", "text": [ "Sunbathing and sunbed use related to self-image in a randomized sample of Swedish adolescents . In 1996 a randomized sample of 4,020 Swedish adolescents from three birth cohorts were sent a questionnaire consisting of 50 items concerning habitual sun-related behaviours and attitudes , knowledge about melanoma , risk perception and self-image . A total of 2,615 questionnaires were returned . Girls sunbathed and used sunbeds more than boys at all ages . Sunbathing and sunbed use increased with age . Boys who were most satisfied and girls least satisfied with themselves sunbathed most . Those who were least satisfied with themselves used sunbeds most frequently . Girls reported a higher perceived susceptibility to melanoma than did boys . The perception of susceptibility increased with age . Those who were least satisfied with themselves reported feeling most susceptible . The overall main reason for sunbathing was appearance , both for own sunbathing , and to an even higher degree , as a supposed reason for other adolescents ' behaviour , and was reported most frequently by girls and the older age groups . The second most 'important ' reason for sunbathing was 'feeling warm and comfortable ' . Preventive programmes aimed at a change of sun related behaviours among Swedish adolescents have to be tailored to the climate and cultural conditions and must take into account that having a tan , and the warmth of the sun , are highly valued by most adolescents ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1476 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93003", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "questionnaire" ], "offsets": [ [ 190, 203 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93004", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "questionnaires" ], "offsets": [ [ 363, 377 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93005", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Sunbathing and sunbed use" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 25 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93006", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "most satisfied" ], "offsets": [ [ 517, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93007", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "least satisfied" ], "offsets": [ [ 542, 557 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93008", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "sunbathed" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 409 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93009", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "used sunbeds" ], "offsets": [ [ 414, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93010", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "higher perceived susceptibility to melanoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93011", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "perception of susceptibility" ], "offsets": [ [ 750, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93012", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "most susceptible ." ], "offsets": [ [ 864, 882 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93013", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "reason for sunbathing" ], "offsets": [ [ 900, 921 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93014", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "'feeling warm and comfortable" ], "offsets": [ [ 1177, 1206 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93015", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93016", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "4,020" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93017", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adolescents" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93018", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "Girls" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 399 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93019", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "boys" ], "offsets": [ [ 437, 441 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93021", "type": "document", "text": [ "Oral ganciclovir dosing in transplant recipients and dialysis patients based on renal function . BACKGROUND An oral formulation of ganciclovir ( GCV ) was recently approved for the prevention of cytomegalovirus disease in solid organ transplant recipients . This study was designed to determine the bioavailability of GCV and to test a dosing algorithm in transplant and dialysis patients with different levels of renal function . METHODS Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out in 23 patients who were either a recipient of an organ transplant or on hemodialysis . Drug dosing was established by the following algorithm based on calculated creatinine clearance ( CrCl ) : CrCl = [ ( 140-age ) x body weight ] / ( 72 x Cr ) x 0.85 for women that is , CrCl > 50 ml/min , 1000 mg every 8 hr ; CrCl of 25-50 ml/min , 1000 mg every 24 hr ; CrCl of 10-24 ml/ min , 500 mg every day ; CrCl < 10 ml/min ( or on dialysis ) , 500 mg every other day after dialysis . GCV was taken within 30 min after a meal . The patients received oral GCV for between 12 days and 14 weeks . Serum specimens ( or plasma from patients on hemodialysis ) obtained at steady state were analyzed for GCV concentrations by high-performance liquid chromatography . In nine of the transplant recipients , absolute bioavailability was determined by comparing GCV levels after single oral and intravenous doses of GCV . RESULTS The following GCV concentrations ( mean +/-SD ) were determined : with CrCl of > or =70 ml/min , the minimum steady-state concentration ( Cmin ) and maximum concentration ( Cmax ) were 0.78+/-0.46 microg/ml and 1.42+/-0.37 microg/ml , respectively , with a 24-hr area under the concentration time curve ( AUC0-24 ) of 24.7+/-7.8 microg x hr/ml ; with CrCl of 50-69 ml/min , the Cmin and Cmax were 1.93+/-0.48 and 2.57+/-0.39 microg/ml , respectively , with an AUC0-24 of 52.1+/-10.1 microg x hr/ml ; with CrCl of 25-50 ml/min , the Cmin and Cmax were 0.41+/-0.27 and 1.17+/-0.32 microg/ml , respectively , with an AUC0-24 of 14.6+/-7.4 microg x hr/ml . For one patient with a CrCl of 23.8 ml/min , the Cmin and Cmax were 0.32 and 0.7 microg/ml , respectively , with an AUC0-24 of 10.7 microg x hr/ml . With CrCl of < 10 ml/min , the mean Cmin and Cmax were 0.75+/-0.42 and 1.59+/-0.55 microg/ml , respectively , with a mean AUC0-24 of 64.6+/-18.8 microg x hr/ml . Absolute bioavailability , for the nine patients so analyzed , was 7.2+/-2.4 % . For those patients with end-stage renal failure , GCV concentrations fell during dialysis from a mean of 1.47+/-0.48 microg/ml before dialysis to 0.69+/-0.38 microg/ml after dialysis . CONCLUSIONS The bioavailability of oral GCV in transplant patients was similar to that observed in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients . However , levels between 0.5 and 1 microg/ml ( within the IC50 of most cytomegalovirus isolates ) could be achieved with tolerable oral doses . The proposed dosing algorithm resulted in adequate levels for patients with CrCl greater than 50 ml/min and for patients on dialysis . For patients with CrCl between 10 and 50 ml/min , the levels achieved were low and these patients would likely benefit from increased doses ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3191 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93022", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 145, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93023", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GCV was taken within 30 min after a meal" ], "offsets": [ [ 958, 998 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93024", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral GCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93025", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "oral GCV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1023, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93026", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum specimens ( or plasma from patients on hemodialysis" ], "offsets": [ [ 1067, 1124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93027", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "absolute bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 1272, 1296 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93028", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GCV levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1325, 1335 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93029", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GCV concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93030", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Absolute bioavailability" ], "offsets": [ [ 2357, 2381 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93031", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "GCV concentrations" ], "offsets": [ [ 1170, 1188 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93032", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "23 patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 483, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93033", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "end-stage renal failure" ], "offsets": [ [ 2462, 2485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93034", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "human immunodeficiency virus-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 2722, 2759 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93036", "type": "document", "text": [ "Treatment of children with autism : a randomized controlled trial to evaluate a caregiver-based intervention program in community day-care centers . This study reports on the results of a randomized controlled trial that evaluated a caregiver-based intervention program for children with autism in community day-care centers . Thirty-five preschool children with a DSM III-R diagnosis of autism or pervasive developmental disorder were randomized to an experimental or control group . Children in the experimental group were enrolled in day care and their parents and child care workers received a 12-week intervention consisting of lectures and on-site consultations to day-care centers . In addition , supportive work was undertaken with families . Control subjects received day care alone . In the experimental group , there were greater gains in language abilities , significant increases in caregivers ' knowledge about autism , greater perception of control on the part of mothers , and greater parent satisfaction . We conclude that this research design demonstrated that the intervention was significantly superior to day care alone ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1142 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93037", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "caregiver-based intervention program" ], "offsets": [ [ 80, 116 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93038", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "parents and child care workers received a 12-week intervention consisting of lectures and on-site consultations to day-care centers ." ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 689 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93039", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "day care alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 777, 791 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93040", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "language abilities" ], "offsets": [ [ 850, 868 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93041", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "caregivers ' knowledge about autism" ], "offsets": [ [ 896, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93042", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "perception of control on the part of mothers" ], "offsets": [ [ 942, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93043", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "parent satisfaction ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1001, 1022 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93045", "type": "document", "text": [ "Accuracy and feasibility of contrast echocardiography for detection of perfusion defects in routine practice : comparison with wall motion and technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography . The Nycomed NC100100 Investigators . OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the feasibility and accuracy of myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE ) using standard imaging approaches for the detection of perfusion defects in patients who had a myocardial infarction ( MI ) . BACKGROUND Myocardial contrast echocardiography may be more versatile than perfusion scintigraphy for identifying the presence and extent of perfusion defects after MI . However , its reliability in routine practice is unclear . METHODS Fundamental or harmonic MCE was performed with continuous or triggered imaging in 203 patients with a previous MI using bolus doses of a perfluorocarbon-filled contrast agent ( NC100100 ) . All patients underwent single-photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT ) after the injection of technetium-99m ( Tc-99m ) sestamibi at rest . Quantitative and semiquantitative SPECT , wall motion and digitized echocardiographic data were interpreted independently . The accuracy of MCE was assessed for detection of segments and patients with moderate and severe sestamibi-SPECT defects , as well as for detection of patients with extensive perfusion defects ( > 12 % of left ventricle ) . RESULTS In segments with diagnostic MCE , the segmental sensitivity ranged from 14 % to 65 % , and the specificity varied from 78 % to 95 % , depending on the dose of contrast agent . Using both segment- and patient-based analysis , the greatest accuracy and proportion of interpretable images were obtained using harmonic imaging in the triggered mode . For the detection of extensive defects , the sensitivity varied from 13 % to 48 % , with specificity from 63 % to 100 % . Harmonic imaging remained the most accurate approach . Time since MI and SPECT defect location and intensity were all determinants of the MCE response . The extent of defects on MCE was less than the extent of either abnormal wall motion or SPECT abnormalities . The combination of wall motion and MCE assessment gave the best balance of sensitivity ( 46 % to 55 % ) and specificity ( 82 % to 83 % ) . CONCLUSIONS Although MCE is specific , it has limited sensitivity for detection of moderate or severe perfusion defects , and it underestimates the extent of SPECT defects . The best results are obtained by integration with wall motion . More sophisticated methods of acquisition and interpretation are needed to enhance the feasibility of this technique in routine practice ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2659 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93046", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "contrast echocardiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 28, 53 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93047", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "wall motion and technetium-99m sestamibi single-photon emission computed tomography ." ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93048", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "myocardial contrast echocardiography ( MCE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93049", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Myocardial contrast echocardiography" ], "offsets": [ [ 495, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93050", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "perfusion scintigraphy" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 581 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93051", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "perfluorocarbon-filled contrast agent ( NC100100 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 858, 908 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93052", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "single-photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 986 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93053", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "SPECT" ], "offsets": [ [ 979, 984 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93054", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "MCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 352, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93055", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "segmental sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1450, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93056", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "specificity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1507, 1518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93057", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sensitivity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1460, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93058", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Time since MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 1936, 1949 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93059", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "SPECT defect location and intensity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1954, 1989 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93060", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "extent of defects on MCE" ], "offsets": [ [ 2038, 2062 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93061", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "moderate or severe perfusion defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 2366, 2402 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93062", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "SPECT defects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1287, 1300 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93064", "type": "document", "text": [ "Recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF and GM-CSF ) administered following cytotoxic chemotherapy have a similar ability to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells . The availability of hematopoietic growth factors has greatly facilitated the mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells ( PBSC ) . It was the aim of this double-blind study to compare the PBSC-mobilizing efficacy of recombinant human G-CSF and GM-CSF when administered post-chemotherapy . Twenty-six patients with relapsed Hodgkin 's disease were included in the study . Their median age was 31 years ( range , 22-59 ) and 14 patients were males and 12 were females . Patients were pretreated with a median of eight cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy , while 18 patients had undergone extended field irradiation . The patients received dexamethasone 24 mg days 1-7 , melphalan 30 mg/m2 day 3 , BCNU 60 mg/m2 day 3 , etoposide 75 mg/m2 days 4-7 , Ara-C 100 mg/m2 twice daily days 4-7 ( Dexa-BEAM ) . Twelve patients were randomized to receive 5/microg/kg/day G-CSF and 14 patients to receive 5 microg/kg/day GM-CSF , both administered subcutaneously starting on day 1 after the end of Dexa-BEAM . Primary endpoints of the study were the number of CD34+ cells harvested per kg body weight on the occasion of six consecutive leukaphereses and the time needed for hematological reconstitution following autografting . Twenty-one patients completed PBSC collection , and six patients of the G-CSF group and nine of the GM-CSF group were autografted . No difference was observed with respect to the median yield of CFU-GM and CD34+ cells : 32.5 x 10 ( 4 ) /kg vs 31.3 x 10 ( 4 ) /kg CFU-GM , and 7.6 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg vs 5.6 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg CD34+ cells , for G-CSF and GM-CSF , respectively ( U test , P= 0.837 and 0.696 ) . High-dose chemotherapy consisted of cyclophosphamide 1.7 g/m2 days 1-4 , BCNU 150 mg/m2 days 1-4 , etoposide 400 mg/m2 days 1-4 . All patients transplanted with more than 5 x 10 ( 6 ) CD34+ cells/kg had a rapid platelet recovery ( 20 x 10 ( 9 ) /l ) between 6 and 11 days and neutrophil recovery ( 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) /1 ) between 9 and 16 days , while patients transplanted with less than 5 x 10 ( 6 ) /kg had a delayed reconstitution , regardless of the kind of growth factor used for PBSC mobilization . In conclusion , our data indicate that in patients with Hodgkin 's disease G-CSF and GM-CSF given after salvage chemotherapy appear to be not different in their ability to mobilize PBSC resulting in a similar time needed for hematological reconstitution when autografted following high-dose therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2646 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93065", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Recombinant human granulocyte and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF and GM-CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93066", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cytotoxic chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93067", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 447, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93068", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93069", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "post-chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 500, 517 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93070", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cytotoxic chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 127, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93071", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dexamethasone 24 mg days 1-7 , melphalan 30 mg/m2 day 3 , BCNU 60 mg/m2 day 3 , etoposide 75 mg/m2 days 4-7 , Ara-C 100 mg/m2 twice daily days 4-7 ( Dexa-BEAM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 865, 1025 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93072", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "receive 5/microg/kg/day G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1063, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93073", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5 microg/kg/day GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 1120, 1142 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93074", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Dexa-BEAM" ], "offsets": [ [ 1014, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93075", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93076", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93077", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1880, 1896 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93078", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BCNU" ], "offsets": [ [ 923, 927 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93079", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide" ], "offsets": [ [ 945, 954 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93080", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mobilization and collection of peripheral blood stem cells ( PBSC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 292, 359 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93081", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number of CD34+ cells harvested per kg body weight on the occasion of six consecutive leukaphereses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1265, 1364 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93082", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time needed for hematological reconstitution following autografting" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93083", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "median yield of CFU-GM and CD34+ cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 1622, 1660 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93084", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 90 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93085", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 33 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93086", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "GM-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 95, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93087", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "platelet recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 2055, 2072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93088", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "neutrophil recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 2120, 2139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93089", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ability to mobilize" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 184 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93090", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PBSC" ], "offsets": [ [ 353, 357 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93091", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time needed for hematological reconstitution" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1417 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93092", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty-six" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 530 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93093", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "relapsed Hodgkin 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93094", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "31" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93095", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "14" ], "offsets": [ [ 654, 656 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93096", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93097", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 681, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93098", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 689, 696 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93099", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 788, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93100", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Hodgkin 's disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 554, 572 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93102", "type": "document", "text": [ "Long-term outcome of migraine therapy : predictive value of the frontotemporal nitroglycerin test . We evaluated whether type of response to the migraine-induction test with a nitroglycerin ointment applied to the frontotemporal head region could predict the efficacy of antimigraine therapy . Forty-two patients with migraine without aura underwent the test before and 2 months after antimigraine therapy . Two and 4 months after treatment withdrawal , most subjects with a negative response to the post-treatment test maintained treatment benefit , whereas benefit was lost in patients with an early onset migraine response ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 627 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93103", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "migraine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93104", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "frontotemporal nitroglycerin test" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 97 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93105", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "nitroglycerin ointment" ], "offsets": [ [ 176, 198 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93106", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antimigraine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93107", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antimigraine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 271, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93108", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "predict the efficacy of antimigraine therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 247, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93109", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "maintained treatment benefit" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93110", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "early onset migraine response" ], "offsets": [ [ 596, 625 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93111", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 21, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93112", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 294, 303 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93113", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine without aura" ], "offsets": [ [ 318, 339 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93115", "type": "document", "text": [ "Yohimbine in neurally mediated syncope . Pathophysiological implications . In this study , we evaluated if increased sympathetic stimulation is an essential requirement for the development of neurally mediated syncope ( NMS ) by manipulating overall sympathetic outflow in subjects susceptible to tilt-induced syncope . Eight previously characterized patients with recurrent NMS ( five females and three males ; 34+/-2 yr ) were recruited from the Vanderbilt Syncope Unit and eight age-matched controls underwent initial administration of clonidine ( CLO ) or yohimbine ( YHO ) . This was done , prospectively , to determine doses of these agents that would increase or decrease plasma norepinephrine levels by > /= 30 % . On a different day , in all subjects we determined intraarterial blood pressure , EKG and muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( MSNA ) both supine and during upright tilt . After this , subjects randomly received either CLO or YHO , and 3 h later another tilt was performed . After 1 wk , a similar procedure with the other drug was performed . During the two basal tilts , all the control subjects completed the study , whereas all the NMS patients developed syncope . Reduction in sympathetic tone by CLO resulted in a decreased tolerance to tilt in three out of eight controls and in all the NMS patients . In contrast , YHO not only increased basal plasma NorEpi levels and MSNA , but also prevented syncope in seven out of eight patients . In a selected population of patients , increased sympathetic activity is not a prerequisite for the development of syncope . Yohimbine-induced enhancement of sympathetic tone in patients with NMS improves orthostatic tolerance and raises the possibility that this drug may be a useful agent in the treatment of NMS ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1782 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93116", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Yohimbine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93117", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "clonidine ( CLO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93118", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "yohimbine" ], "offsets": [ [ 560, 569 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93119", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CLO" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93120", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "YHO" ], "offsets": [ [ 572, 575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93121", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CLO" ], "offsets": [ [ 551, 554 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93122", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma norepinephrine levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 679, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93123", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intraarterial blood pressure , EKG and muscle sympathetic nerve activity ( MSNA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 774, 855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93124", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Reduction in sympathetic tone" ], "offsets": [ [ 1191, 1220 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93125", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "tolerance to tilt" ], "offsets": [ [ 1252, 1269 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93126", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "basal plasma NorEpi levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1394 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93127", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "MSNA" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 853 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93128", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93129", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "sympathetic activity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1515, 1535 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93130", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neurally mediated syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 13, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93131", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "subjects susceptible to tilt-induced syncope" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 317 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93132", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 325 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93133", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "five" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 385 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93134", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93135", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "three" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93136", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "males" ], "offsets": [ [ 388, 393 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93137", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "34+/-2 yr" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 421 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93138", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "eight" ], "offsets": [ [ 476, 481 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93139", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "age-matched" ], "offsets": [ [ 482, 493 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93140", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 494, 502 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93142", "type": "document", "text": [ "Basal cell carcinoma of the face : surgery or radiotherapy ? Results of a randomized study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 92 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93143", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93144", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93145", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Basal cell carcinoma of the face" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93147", "type": "document", "text": [ "Succinate sumatriptan evaluation by Doppler echocardiography in patients with migraine . Recent reports show that sumatriptan administration increases blood pressure and vascular resistance both in systemic and pulmonary circulation . This study was performed to evaluate by echo-Doppler technique the hemodynamic effects of subcutaneous sumatriptan administration . Forty-one migraine subjects ( 26 males , 15 females ) , mean age 36 +/- 2 years ( range 36-39 years ) , and 20 healthy control subjects ( 14 males , six females ) , mean age 36 +/- 2 years ( range 36-39 years ) were randomized ( double-blind ) to receiving sumatriptan ( group A ) or placebo ( group B ) . After a 2-week complete pharmacological washout , clinical examination , electrocardiogram , and Doppler echocardiography were performed at baseline , 15 , 30 , 45 , and 60 min after sumatriptan or placebo administration . No significant differences were found between the two groups regarding Doppler echocardiographic parameters ( aortic integral , pulmonary integral , end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters ) and heart rate ; only a slight but not significant increase in arterial blood pressure was observed in group A . Our data show that succinate sumatriptan can be used with safety in patients without hypertension and other cardiovascular disease ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1333 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93148", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Succinate sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93149", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 10, 21 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93150", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "sumatriptan ( group A )" ], "offsets": [ [ 624, 647 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93151", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo ( group B )" ], "offsets": [ [ 651, 670 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93152", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "succinate sumatriptan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1241 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93153", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "blood pressure and vascular resistance" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 189 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93154", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hemodynamic effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 302, 321 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93155", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "aortic integral" ], "offsets": [ [ 1006, 1021 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93156", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "pulmonary integral" ], "offsets": [ [ 1024, 1042 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93157", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "end-systolic and end-diastolic diameters" ], "offsets": [ [ 1045, 1085 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93158", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "heart rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1092, 1102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93159", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with migraine ." ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 88 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93161", "type": "document", "text": [ "High-intensity physical training in adults with asthma . A comparison between training on land and in water . The purpose of this study was to determine whether inactive asthmatic patients could perform high-intensity physical training equally well on land as in water , and to compare the effects of these training forms . Thirty-two adults with asthma , randomized into two groups , underwent a 10-week supervised rehabilitation program with emphasis on physical training . All patients , irrespective of training form , were able to exercise to maximal intensity ( 80-90 % of estimated maximal heart rate ) . No asthmatic attacks occurred in connection with the training sessions . Respiratory variables remained almost unchanged in both groups . The asthma symptoms declined during the rehabilitation period , and the subjects needed less acute asthma care after the rehabilitation . The cardiovascular condition improved significantly and similarly in the two groups . Ten patients , 5 in each group , had exercise-induced asthma at the start of the rehabilitation . Only 3 patients , 2 from the water group and 1 from the land group , had exercise-induced asthma after 10 weeks . We conclude that indoor training , either on land or in water , is beneficial . The effects of these two training forms are almost equivalent ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1329 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93162", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "High-intensity physical training" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 32 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93163", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "training on land and in water" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93164", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "high-intensity physical training" ], "offsets": [ [ 203, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93165", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "on land as in water" ], "offsets": [ [ 249, 268 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93166", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10-week supervised rehabilitation program with emphasis on physical training" ], "offsets": [ [ 397, 473 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93167", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "asthmatic attacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 615, 632 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93168", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Respiratory variables" ], "offsets": [ [ 685, 706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93169", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "asthma symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 754, 769 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93170", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "declined" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 778 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93171", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiovascular condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 916 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93172", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "exercise-induced asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93173", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "exercise-induced asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1034 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93174", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 297 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93175", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "adults" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 42 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93176", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93177", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "inactive asthmatic" ], "offsets": [ [ 161, 179 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93178", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-two" ], "offsets": [ [ 324, 334 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93179", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "asthma" ], "offsets": [ [ 48, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93180", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Ten" ], "offsets": [ [ 974, 977 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93181", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "5" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93183", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Radiotherapy for choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration . A pilot study using low- versus high-dose photon bean radiation ] . PURPOSE Several pilot studies have indicated that low-dose radiation therapy might have a beneficial effect on the course of choroidal neovascularization ( CNV ) in age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) . This study aimed to ascertain whether such treatment might halt the progression of neovascular AMD and whether a low or a high radiation dose should be applied . PATIENTS The patients comprised some randomized to 0 vs 10 vs 36 Gy of radiation and ( after a change of the study protocol became necessary ) others who participated in a prospective , controlled non-randomized pilot study . Enclosed were eyes with visual acuity of > or = 0.1 and < or = 0.6 revealing a juxta-subfoveal CNV either of the occult type ( type 1 ) or the classic type ( isolated or as part of a predominantly occult lesion ) . RESULTS Eyes treated with 10 Gy for occult CNV ( n = 12 ) were subject to severe visual loss in 41.6 % of the cases compared to 38.5 % in the control group ( n = 13 ) at 12 months of follow-up . For eyes treated with 10 Gy because of classic CNV , the corresponding figures were 33 % ( n = 18 ) and 57 % ( n = 14 ) respectively . At 18 months of follow-up , the percentages were 63 % and 75 % respectively . Fluorescein angiographic growth of classic and occult CNV could not be halted by 10 Gy , while a temporary growth retardation was observed in cases irradiated with 36 Gy . CONCLUSION In the study presented , the natural course of occult CNV could not be improved by irradiation with 10 or 36 Gy . In cases of classic CNV , low-dose irradiation with 10 Gy postponed severe visual loss by a maximum of 18 months . A positive treatment effect was also observed in cases irradiated with 36 Gy ; however , a 25 % incidence of radiation retinopathy seems unacceptable ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1936 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93184", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Radiotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 14 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93185", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low- versus high-dose photon bean radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 149 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93186", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "low-dose radiation therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 204, 230 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93187", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "0 vs 10 vs 36 Gy of radiation" ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 604 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93188", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93189", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93190", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "36 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93191", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10 or 36 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1656, 1667 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93192", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "10 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 991, 996 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93193", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "36 Gy" ], "offsets": [ [ 586, 591 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93194", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe visual loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93195", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Fluorescein angiographic growth of classic and occult CNV" ], "offsets": [ [ 1373, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93196", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "temporary growth retardation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1470, 1498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93197", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "severe visual loss" ], "offsets": [ [ 1039, 1057 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93198", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "age-related macular degeneration ( AMD ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 319, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93199", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients comprised some randomized to 0 vs 10 vs 36 Gy of radiation and ( after a change of the study protocol became necessary ) others who participated in a prospective , controlled non-randomized pilot study ." ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 749 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93201", "type": "document", "text": [ "Mexiletine for HIV-infected patients with painful peripheral neuropathy : a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover treatment trial . Although mexiletine , an antiarrhythmic with local anesthetic properties , has been reported to relieve discomfort in diabetic neuropathy , its usefulness in the treatment of HIV-related painful peripheral neuropathy ( PPN ) has not been determined . The tolerance and effectiveness of mexiletine in HIV-related PPN were assessed in 22 patients who were randomized to receive mexiletine ( maximum dose , 600 mg/day ) or placebo for 6 weeks , followed by the alternative intervention for 6 weeks after a 1-week washout period . The daily pain response was assessed using a visual analogue scale card in 19 patients who received at least 2 weeks of the drug , 16 of whom were crossed-over to receive the alternate agent . No statistically significant difference was found between the mean daily pain scores for patients receiving mexiletine versus placebo , irrespective of the order in which the agents were received . Comparing the mean individual daily pain scores for each phase of study , 5 patients ( 31 % ) had significantly less pain while receiving mexiletine compared with their response to placebo , 5 patients ( 31 % ) had significantly less pain while receiving placebo , and no difference was noted in 6 patients ( 38 % ) . Crossover and multivariate analyses for repeated measures showed no apparent difference in the response to mexiletine versus placebo . Dose-limiting adverse events occurred in 39 % of those receiving mexiletine , but only 1 patient ( 5 % ) discontinued placebo . Mexiletine was only modestly well tolerated despite its relatively brief period of administration , and no evidence was found to support its benefit in HIV-related PPN . Although a first-drug effect was not demonstrated , a powerful placebo effect was seen in some patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1914 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93202", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93203", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93204", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93205", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine ( maximum dose , 600 mg/day )" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93206", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93207", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "followed by the alternative intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 582, 622 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93208", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93209", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93210", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93211", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93212", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93213", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93214", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93215", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 91, 98 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93216", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Mexiletine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 10 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93217", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerance and effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 395, 422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93218", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "daily pain response was assessed using a visual analogue scale card" ], "offsets": [ [ 671, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93219", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "mean daily pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 922, 944 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93220", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "mean individual daily pain scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1105 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93221", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Crossover and multivariate analyses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1376, 1411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93222", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Dose-limiting adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1511, 1539 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93223", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-infected" ], "offsets": [ [ 15, 27 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93224", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "painful peripheral neuropathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 42, 71 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93225", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HIV-related painful peripheral neuropathy ( PPN" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 362 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93226", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 475 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93227", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "19" ], "offsets": [ [ 742, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93228", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "16" ], "offsets": [ [ 798, 800 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93230", "type": "document", "text": [ "Marginal benefit/disadvantage of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy after autologous blood stem cell transplantation in children : results of a prospective randomized trial . The Japanese Cooperative Study Group of PBSCT . In this prospective trial , a total of 74 children who were scheduled to undergo high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation ( PBSCT ) were prospectively randomized at diagnosis to evaluate the effectiveness of exogenous granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) treatment in accelerating hematopoietic recovery after PBSCT . The diagnosis included acute lymphoblastic leukemia ( ALL ) ( n = 27 ) , neuroblastoma ( n = 29 ) , and miscellaneous solid tumors ( n = 18 ) . Eligibility criteria included ( 1 ) primary PBSCT , ( 2 ) chemotherapy-responsive disease , and ( 3 ) collected cell number > 1 x 10 ( 5 ) colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage ( CFU-GM ) /kg and > 1 x 10 ( 6 ) CD34 ( + ) cells/kg patient 's body weight . After applying the above criteria , 11 patients were excluded due to disease progression before PBSCT ( n = 6 ) or a low number of harvested cells ( n = 5 ) , leaving 63 patients for analysis ; 32 patients in the treatment group ( 300 microg/m2 of G-CSF intravenously over 1 hour from day 1 of PBSCT ) and 31 in the control group without treatment . Two distinct disease-oriented high-dose regimens without total body irradiation consisted of the MCVAC regimen using ranimustine ( MCNU , 450 mg/m2 ) , cytosine arabinoside ( 16 g/m2 ) , etoposide ( 1.6 g/m2 ) , and cyclophosphamide ( 100 mg/kg ) for patients with ALL , and the Hi-MEC regimen using melphalan ( 180 mg/m2 ) , etoposide ( 1.6 g/m2 ) , and carboplatinum ( 1.6 g/m2 ) for those with solid tumors . Five patients ( two in the treatment group and three in the control group ) were subsequently removed due to protocol violations . All patients survived PBSCT . The median numbers of transfused mononuclear cells ( MNC ) , CD34 ( + ) cells , and CFU-GM were , respectively , 4.5 ( range , 1 to 19 ) x 10 ( 8 ) /kg , 8.0 ( 1.1 to 25 ) x 10 ( 6 ) /kg , and 3.7 ( 1.2 to 23 ) x 10 ( 5 ) /kg in the treatment group ( n = 30 ) and 2.9 ( 0.8 to 21 ) x 10 ( 8 ) /kg , 6.3 ( 1.1 to 34 ) x 10 ( 6 ) /kg , and 5.5 ( 1.3 to 37 ) x 10 ( 5 ) /kg , respectively , in the control group ( n = 28 ) , with no significant difference . After PBSCT , the time to achieve an absolute neutrophil count ( ANC ) of > 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) /L in the treatment group was less than that in the control group ( median , 11 v 12 days ; the log-rank test , P =.046 ) , although the last day of red blood cell ( RBC ) transfusion ( day 11 v day 10 ) and the duration of febrile days ( > 38 degrees C ) after PBSCT ( 4 v 4 days ) were identical in both groups . However , platelet recovery to > 20 x 10 ( 9 ) /L was significantly longer in treatment group than control group ( 26 v 16 days ; P =.009 ) and > 50 x 10 ( 9 ) /L tended to take longer in the treatment group ( 29 v 26 days ; P =.126 ) , with significantly more platelet transfusion-dependent days ( 27 v 13 days ; t-test , P =.037 ) . When patients were divided into two different disease cohorts , ALL patients showed no difference in engraftment kinetics between the G-CSF treatment and control groups , while differences were seen in those with solid tumors . We concluded that the marginal clinical benefit of 1 day earlier recovery of granulocytes could be offset by the delayed recovery of platelets . We recommend that the routine application of costly G-CSF therapy in children undergoing PBSCT should be seriously reconsidered ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 3637 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93231", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granulocyte colony-stimulating factor therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93232", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93233", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93234", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "granulocyte colony-stimulating factor" ], "offsets": [ [ 33, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93235", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "primary PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93236", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93237", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "G-CSF" ], "offsets": [ [ 540, 545 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93238", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93239", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "control group" ], "offsets": [ [ 1332, 1345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93240", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "high-dose regimens without total body irradiation consisted of the MCVAC regimen using ranimustine ( MCNU , 450 mg/m2 ) , cytosine arabinoside ( 16 g/m2 ) , etoposide ( 1.6 g/m2 ) , and cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1396, 1598 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93241", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Hi-MEC regimen using melphalan" ], "offsets": [ [ 1645, 1675 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93242", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide" ], "offsets": [ [ 1553, 1562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93243", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatinum" ], "offsets": [ [ 1721, 1734 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93244", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "benefit/disadvantage" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93245", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 473, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93246", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "hematopoietic recovery" ], "offsets": [ [ 574, 596 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93247", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survived" ], "offsets": [ [ 1922, 1930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93248", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "median numbers of transfused mononuclear cells ( MNC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1943, 1997 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93249", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD34" ], "offsets": [ [ 971, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93250", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CFU-GM" ], "offsets": [ [ 939, 945 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93251", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "time to achieve an absolute neutrophil count ( ANC ) of > 0.5 x 10 ( 9 ) /L" ], "offsets": [ [ 2412, 2487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93252", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "duration of febrile days" ], "offsets": [ [ 2697, 2721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93253", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "platelet recovery to > 20 x 10 ( 9 ) /L" ], "offsets": [ [ 2810, 2849 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93254", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "platelet transfusion-dependent days" ], "offsets": [ [ 3061, 3096 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93255", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "engraftment kinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 3236, 3256 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93256", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recovery of granulocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 3428, 3452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93257", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recovery of platelets ." ], "offsets": [ [ 3484, 3507 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93258", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93259", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "74" ], "offsets": [ [ 273, 275 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93260", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93261", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "high-dose chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 315, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93262", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation ( PBSCT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 350, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93263", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute lymphoblastic leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 634, 662 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93264", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 677, 679 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93265", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "neuroblastoma" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 697 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93266", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "29" ], "offsets": [ [ 704, 706 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93267", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "miscellaneous solid tumors" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93268", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 748, 750 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93269", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "primary PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 791, 804 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93270", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "chemotherapy-responsive disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 844 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93271", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "collected cell number > 1 x 10 ( 5 ) colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage ( CFU-GM ) /kg and > 1 x 10 ( 6 ) CD34 ( + ) cells/kg" ], "offsets": [ [ 857, 990 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93272", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "11" ], "offsets": [ [ 1052, 1054 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93273", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93274", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "6" ], "offsets": [ [ 967, 968 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93275", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 412, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93276", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "63" ], "offsets": [ [ 1183, 1185 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93277", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "32" ], "offsets": [ [ 1210, 1212 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93278", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Five" ], "offsets": [ [ 1778, 1782 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93279", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "two" ], "offsets": [ [ 1794, 1797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93280", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "three" ], "offsets": [ [ 1825, 1830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93281", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 139 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93282", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "PBSCT" ], "offsets": [ [ 226, 231 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93284", "type": "document", "text": [ "Concurrent administration of donepezil HCl and digoxin : assessment of pharmacokinetic changes . AIM The aim of this study was to examine the pharmacokinetics of donepezil HCl and digoxin separately , and in combination , following administration of single oral doses . Changes in cardiac conduction parameters following drug administration were also assessed . METHODS This was an open-label , randomized , three-period crossover study in healthy male volunteers ( n=12 ) . During each treatment period , subjects received a single dose of either donepezil HCl ( 5 mg ) , digoxin ( 0.25 mg ) , or a combination of both drugs . Each treatment period was followed by a 2-week , drug-free washout period . RESULTS All 12 volunteers completed the study without incident . No statistically significant differences in donepezil pharmacokinetics ( Cmax , tmax , AUC ( 0-120 ) , AUC ( 0-infinity ) or t1/2 ) were observed when donepezil administered alone was compared with donepezil administered in combination with digoxin . Similarly , no statistically significant differences in digoxin pharmacokinetics were observed when digoxin was administered alone or in combination with donepezil . No clinically relevant changes in cardiac conduction ( lead II ECG ) were observed in any subject during any treatment period . CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of single doses of donepezil HCl ( 5 mg ) and digoxin ( 0.25 mg ) produced no changes in the pharmacokinetic profile of either drug . In addition , co-administration produced no changes in cardiac conduction parameters during the 24 h of telemetry monitoring following drug administration ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1634 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93285", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "donepezil HCl and digoxin :" ], "offsets": [ [ 29, 56 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93286", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "donepezil HCl and digoxin separately , and in combination" ], "offsets": [ [ 162, 219 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93287", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "donepezil HCl ( 5 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 548, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93288", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin ( 0.25 mg )" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 592 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93289", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "donepezil administered alone" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 948 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93290", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "donepezil administered" ], "offsets": [ [ 920, 942 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93291", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93292", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "digoxin" ], "offsets": [ [ 47, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93293", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "donepezil pharmacokinetics" ], "offsets": [ [ 813, 839 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93294", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "cardiac conduction" ], "offsets": [ [ 281, 299 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93295", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "male" ], "offsets": [ [ 448, 452 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93296", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "12" ], "offsets": [ [ 468, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93298", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Clinical trial of 2 tobacco use cessation interventions in primary care ] . OBJECTIVE To study the efficacy of two types of intervention to stop tobacco dependency . DESIGN Randomised clinical trial . SETTING Primary care centre . PATIENTS AND OTHER PARTICIPANTS Smokers recruited from among the health centre users through the preventive activities and health promotion programme . INTERVENTIONS INDEPENDENT VARIABLE type of intervention . General variables : age , sex , marital status , educational level , work situation , cohabitation with children , smokers at home , number of years smoking , type of tobacco . There were two types of intervention : a ) Minimal Intervention ( MI ) . b ) Advanced Intervention ( AI ) . 54 patients were included , with 6 losses . 21 were assigned at random to the MI group and 27 to the AI group . Progress was measured at 15 days , 1 month , 3 months , 6 months and a year . RESULTS In the MI , 23.8 % were abstinent at 15 days ; the same percentage at one month and 3 months ; 19 % at 6 months ; and 14.3 % remained abstinent after a year . In the AI , 51.9 % were abstinent at 15 days ; 48.1 % at both one and 3 months ; 25.9 % at 6 months ; and 22.2 % were still not smoking after a year . No significant differences between the two interventions were found in any of the observations . CONCLUSIONS These data do not show that one intervention is better than the other . With the passage of time the effect of the intervention decreased in both groups ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1499 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93299", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cessation interventions" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 57 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93300", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Minimal Intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 663, 683 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93301", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Advanced Intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 697, 718 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93302", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "MI" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93303", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "AI" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 723 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93304", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "tobacco dependency ." ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 167 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93305", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "abstinent" ], "offsets": [ [ 950, 959 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93306", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "abstinent after a year ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1060, 1084 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93307", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "not smoking after a year ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1209, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93308", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Smokers" ], "offsets": [ [ 265, 272 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93309", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "54" ], "offsets": [ [ 728, 730 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93310", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "6" ], "offsets": [ [ 761, 762 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93311", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "21" ], "offsets": [ [ 772, 774 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93312", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "27" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 821 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93314", "type": "document", "text": [ "Ten-year results of a randomised trial comparing cisplatin with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide in advanced , suboptimally debulked ovarian cancer . 176 eligible patients with advanced suboptimally operated ovarian carcinoma were randomly allocated to receive either cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2 ( CP ) every 28 days for six courses . The overall clinical response rates ( complete response plus partial response ) were 52 and 63 % for CP and cisplatin , respectively ( non-significant ) . Including results obtained by second-look laparotomy , we did not observe a statistically significant difference in response rates in the two treatment groups . Median progression-free survival was 10 and 11.9 months for CP and cisplatin , respectively ( non-significant ) . No significant difference was observed in overall survival , with a median of 19.4 and 21.5 months for CP and cisplatin , respectively . Thirty-seven platinum-resistant and 27 platinum-sensitive tumours were treated with carboplatin or cisplatin as second-line therapy . Response rates to platinum second-line therapy were 6 and 50 % for resistant and sensitive tumours , respectively ( P < 0.001 ) . This difference in response rate was also confirmed by survival analysis . Patients with platinum-sensitive tumours survived longer when they were treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy ( P = 0.005 ) . Median survival was 22.8 and 8.5 months after initiation of second-line treatment for the platinum-containing and platinum-free regimens , respectively . In summary , we observed in suboptimally operated ovarian carcinoma patients similar response rates , progression-free interval , and overall survival for equitoxic cisplatin and CP . However , the doses of cisplatin and cyclophosphamide chosen were substantially lower than current standard doses of CP . Our study demonstrates , therefore , that a suboptimal dose of CP is as effective as optimal dose monotherapy cisplatin . Patients with recurrences considered as platinum-sensitive had a significantly higher response rate and improved survival when retreated with platinum-containing therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2170 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93315", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93316", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93317", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin 75 mg/m2 or cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and cyclophosphamide 500 mg/m2" ], "offsets": [ [ 266, 337 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93318", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CP and cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93319", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CP and cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93320", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CP and cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 478, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93321", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "carboplatin or cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1028, 1052 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93322", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum-containing chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1400 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93323", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum-containing" ], "offsets": [ [ 1368, 1387 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93324", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "platinum-free" ], "offsets": [ [ 1531, 1544 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93325", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin and CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1736, 1752 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93326", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin and cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 64, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93327", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CP" ], "offsets": [ [ 340, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93328", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cisplatin" ], "offsets": [ [ 49, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93329", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "platinum-containing therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2168 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93330", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "overall clinical response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93331", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Median progression-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 693, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93332", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93333", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 1078, 1092 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93334", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93335", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Median survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93336", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rates" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93337", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "progression-free interval" ], "offsets": [ [ 1673, 1698 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93338", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 849, 865 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93339", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 398, 411 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93340", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 717, 725 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93342", "type": "document", "text": [ "BEACOPP , a new dose-escalated and accelerated regimen , is at least as effective as COPP/ABVD in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin 's lymphoma : interim report from a trial of the German Hodgkin 's Lymphoma Study Group . PURPOSE The HD9 trial aims to evaluate whether moderate dose escalation and/or acceleration of standard polychemotherapy is beneficial for advanced-stage Hodgkin 's disease ( HD ) . Two variants of a novel bleomycin , etoposide , doxorubicin , cyclophosphamide , vincristine , procarbazine , and prednisone ( BEACOPP ) scheme ( standard and escalated dose ) are compared with cyclophosphamide , vincristine , procarbazine , and prednisone ( COPP ) /doxorubicin , bleomycin , vinblastine , and dacarbazine ( ABVD ) . PATIENTS AND METHODS The randomized , three-arm trial recruited patients in stages IIB and IIIA with risk factors and stages IIIB and IV . BEACOPP in baseline dose contains all drug dosages of COPP/ABVD ( except vincristine and procarbazine ) rearranged in a shorter , 3-week cycle . Escalated BEACOPP uses higher doses of cyclophosphamide , doxorubicin , and etoposide with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF ) support . After eight chemotherapy cycles , initial bulky and residual disease is irradiated . The trial is monitored and analyzed by means of a sequential strategy . RESULTS An interim analysis with 505 assessable patients and a median follow-up of 23 months showed a significant inferiority ( according to sequential monitoring strategy ) of the COPP/ABVD regimen in progression rate and freedom from treatment failure ( FFTF ) compared with the pooled results of both BEACOPP variants . The 24-month FFTF rate was 75 % for COPP/ABVD and 84 % for BEACOPP pooled ( P = .034 ) . There was 12 % progressive disease with COPP/ABVD and 6 % with BEACOPP pooled . Differences in survival were not significant in sequential analysis . The acute toxicity of baseline BEACOPP resembled that of COPP/ABVD ; escalated BEACOPP showed increased but manageable hematologic toxicity . CONCLUSION Combined with local irradiation , BEACOPP in one or both variants shows superior disease control compared with COPP/ABVD , with acceptable acute toxicity . Further follow-up is required to assess the effect of dosage and the effect on survival and late toxicities ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2311 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93343", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dose-escalated and accelerated regimen" ], "offsets": [ [ 16, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93344", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COPP/ABVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93345", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "standard polychemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93346", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "novel bleomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 425, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93347", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide , doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 443, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93348", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93349", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93350", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procarbazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93351", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 531 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93352", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93353", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93354", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "procarbazine" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 514 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93355", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone ( COPP ) /doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 653, 685 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93356", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "bleomycin" ], "offsets": [ [ 431, 440 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93357", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vinblastine" ], "offsets": [ [ 700, 711 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93358", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "dacarbazine ( ABVD )" ], "offsets": [ [ 718, 738 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93359", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COPP/ABVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93360", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cyclophosphamide" ], "offsets": [ [ 469, 485 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93361", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "doxorubicin" ], "offsets": [ [ 455, 466 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93362", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "etoposide with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor ( G-CSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1101, 1163 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93363", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 345 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93364", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COPP/ABVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93365", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93366", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93367", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93368", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93369", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COPP/ABVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93370", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93371", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 7 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93372", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "COPP/ABVD" ], "offsets": [ [ 85, 94 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93373", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "progression rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1533, 1549 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93374", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "freedom from treatment failure ( FFTF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1554, 1593 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93375", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "24-month FFTF rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 1658, 1676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93376", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "progressive disease" ], "offsets": [ [ 1758, 1777 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93377", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Differences in survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1823, 1846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93378", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "acute toxicity of baseline BEACOPP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1897, 1931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93379", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin 's lymphoma :" ], "offsets": [ [ 98, 148 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93380", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "HD" ], "offsets": [ [ 237, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93381", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "505" ], "offsets": [ [ 1364, 1367 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93383", "type": "document", "text": [ "Optimization of acid suppression for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding : an intragastric pH-metry study with omeprazole . OBJECTIVE To study whether an intravenous infusion dose of omeprazole ( 80 mg + 8 mg/h ) during 24 h can be subsequently reduced with maintained effect . Second , to study the effect of oral omeprazole 20 mg given once or twice daily up to day 10 , after cessation of a 3-day intravenous infusion ( 80 mg + 8 mg/h ) . DESIGN Prospective , randomized , partly blinded study . METHODS Twelve Helicobacter pylori ( + ) patients and 12 H. pylori ( - ) subjects were included . In part I the patients received omeprazole , 80 mg + 8 mg/h , during 24 h followed by 8 , 4 or 2 mg/h . In part II the subjects received 80 mg + 8 mg/h during 3 days followed by 20 mg omeprazole orally , once or twice daily until day 10 . Intragastric pH was measured . RESULTS All H. pylori ( + ) patients showed a rapid increase of intragastric pH with a mean intragastric pH of 6.7 during the second half of the first day . After the subsequent dose reduction , the mean pH decreased to 6.1-6.2 . Patients continuing on 8 mg/h showed the best results . Likewise , all H. pylori ( - ) subjects showed a rapid and sustained reduction of intragastric acidity during the infusion . Subsequent dose reduction to 20 mg once daily led to a stable fraction of time with pH > 3 of 72 % . CONCLUSIONS Omeprazole given as a continuous infusion of 80 mg + 8 mg/h for 72 h followed by omeprazole 20 mg once daily raised the intragastric pH to and above levels alleged to allow haemostasis in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding and subsequent healing of the ulcer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1652 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93384", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole ." ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 123 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93385", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93386", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93387", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93388", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93389", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 1391, 1401 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93390", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "omeprazole" ], "offsets": [ [ 111, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93391", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Intragastric pH" ], "offsets": [ [ 836, 851 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93392", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intragastric pH with a mean intragastric pH" ], "offsets": [ [ 931, 974 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93393", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "mean pH" ], "offsets": [ [ 1066, 1073 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93394", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intragastric acidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 1235, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93395", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intragastric pH" ], "offsets": [ [ 78, 93 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93396", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peptic ulcer bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93397", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Helicobacter pylori ( + ) patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 514, 548 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93398", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "H. pylori ( - ) subjects" ], "offsets": [ [ 556, 580 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93399", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "peptic ulcer bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 51, 72 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93401", "type": "document", "text": [ "The economic impact of esophageal variceal hemorrhage : cost-effectiveness implications of endoscopic therapy . Esophageal variceal hemorrhage ( EVH ) is a serious and expensive sequela of chronic liver disease , leading to increased utilization of resources . Today , endoscopic sclerotherapy ( ES ) and endoscopic ligation ( EL ) are the accepted , community standards of endoscopic treatment of patients with EVH . However , there are no published studies comparing the economic costs of treating EVH using these interventions . As part of a prospective , randomized trial comparing ES and EL for the treatment of EVH , we estimated the direct costs of health care utilization and cost-effectiveness for the prevention of variceal rebleeding and patient survival at 1-year follow-up . Treatment groups were similar in incidence of variceal rebleeding ( 41.9 % vs. 42.9 % ) , variceal obliteration ( 41.9 % vs. 40.0 % ) , hospital days , blood transfusions , shunt requirements , and survival ( 71.0 % vs. 60.0 % ) . There were significantly more treatment failures for active bleeding using EL ( 42 % vs. 0 % ; P =.027 ) and esophageal stricture formation in the ES-treated patients ( 19.4 % vs. 2.9 % ; P = 0.03 ) . Median total direct cost outcomes were similar between groups ( EL = $ 9,696 and ES = $ 13,197 ; P =.46 ) . EL and ES had similar cost/variceal rebleeding prevented ( $ 28,678 vs. $ 29,093 ) and cost/survival ( $ 27,313 vs. $ 23,804 ) . In the subgroup of active bleeders , ES had a substantially lower cost/survival ( $ 28,523 vs. $ 51,696 ) . We conclude that resource utilization was similar between treatment groups and that the choice of endoscopic therapy for EVH must still rely on clinical grounds . Further studies comparing costs and resource utilization in this patient population are needed ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1824 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93402", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "endoscopic sclerotherapy ( ES" ], "offsets": [ [ 269, 298 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93403", "type": "Intervention_Surgical", "text": [ "endoscopic ligation" ], "offsets": [ [ 305, 324 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93404", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "direct costs of health care utilization and cost-effectiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 640, 702 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93405", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "variceal rebleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 725, 744 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93406", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "variceal obliteration" ], "offsets": [ [ 878, 899 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93407", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital days , blood transfusions , shunt requirements" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 979 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93408", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 757, 765 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93409", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "active bleeding" ], "offsets": [ [ 1072, 1087 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93410", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "esophageal stricture formation" ], "offsets": [ [ 1128, 1158 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93411", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Median total direct cost" ], "offsets": [ [ 1220, 1244 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93412", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "cost/survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1415, 1428 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93413", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "esophageal variceal hemorrhage :" ], "offsets": [ [ 23, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93414", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Esophageal variceal hemorrhage ( EVH )" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93416", "type": "document", "text": [ "The tolerability of lactated Ringer 's solution and BSS plus for ocular irrigation with and without the Morgan therapeutic lens . OBJECTIVE To evaluate two solutions , lactated Ringer 's ( LR ) and a balanced salt solution ( BSS Plus , Alcon Laboratories , Ft. Worth , TX ) , compared with normal saline solution ( NSS ) , for ocular irrigation in healthy adult volunteers with and without the Morgan therapeutic lens ( MTL ) . METHODS This was a prospective , double-blind , randomized study of healthy volunteers who were at least 18 years of age . Exclusion criteria included the use of analgesics within four hours of the study . A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed at baseline and at the completion of the study . Following randomization and prior to any intervention , baseline discomfort scores were obtained by means of a verbally administered , horizontal , 100-mm , unnumbered analog discomfort scale . Both eyes of each volunteer were irrigated simultaneously for 15 minutes , with additional discomfort scores being recorded every 5 minutes using the same 100-mm , unnumbered analog discomfort scale . A global evaluation to assess the method of irrigation and the solutions used for irrigation was completed by both the physician blinded to the treatment groups and the volunteers . The volunteers were continuously monitored for any adverse effects resulting from the irrigation solutions or MTL . RESULTS Sixty-three volunteers were recruited into the study , with 61 entered in the final analysis . Age and gender were balanced within each group . There was no significant difference in discomfort scores between the two groups ; however , all discomfort scores decreased over time ( p = 0.008 ) . A lens-solution interaction was identified , with LR being the most tolerated when administered with the MTL . A statistically higher ocular pH difference was seen between the pre- and postirrigation readings for the control eye in volunteers irrigated with MTL ( p = 0.046 ) . Analysis of the global evaluations for each group revealed no difference in the distributions of physician and volunteer scores . No adverse event was reported in either group . CONCLUSION There does not appear to be any difference in discomfort scores between the ocular irrigation fluids when used without the MTL . Overall , the use of the MTL appears well tolerated by healthy , adult volunteers . However , there does appear to be a significant lens-solution effect on volunteers ' discomfort scores , with LR having significantly lower discomfort scores when used for ocular irrigation with the MTL . The authors conclude that the use of the MTL for ocular irrigation is well tolerated and recommend using LR as the irrigation solution for maximal patient comfort ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2779 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93417", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactated Ringer 's solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 20, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93418", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "BSS plus" ], "offsets": [ [ 52, 60 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93419", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "lactated Ringer 's ( LR ) and a balanced salt solution" ], "offsets": [ [ 168, 222 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93420", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "saline solution ( NSS )" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 320 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93421", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "eyes of each volunteer were irrigated simultaneously for 15 minutes" ], "offsets": [ [ 934, 1001 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93422", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discomfort scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93423", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "discomfort scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93424", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "unnumbered analog discomfort scale ." ], "offsets": [ [ 892, 928 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93425", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "adverse effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1363, 1378 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93426", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "discomfort scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93427", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discomfort scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93428", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1798, 1807 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93429", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ocular pH difference" ], "offsets": [ [ 1864, 1884 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93430", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "physician and volunteer scores ." ], "offsets": [ [ 2105, 2137 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93431", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "adverse event" ], "offsets": [ [ 2141, 2154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93432", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "discomfort scores" ], "offsets": [ [ 800, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93433", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lens-solution effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 2458, 2478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93434", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "healthy adult volunteers with and without the Morgan therapeutic lens ( MTL ) ." ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 427 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93436", "type": "document", "text": [ "Comparative efficacy and safety of calcium carbasalate plus metoclopramide versus ergotamine tartrate plus caffeine in the treatment of acute migraine attacks . This randomized , double-blind , double-dummy , multicenter , parallel-group study aimed at comparing the efficacy and safety of calcium carbasalate ( equivalent to 900 mg aspirin ) plus metoclopramide 10 mg ( CM ) with ergotamine tartrate 1 mg plus caffeine 100 mg ( EC ) administered in the treatment of 2 acute migraine attacks . A total of 296 patients fulfilling the International Headache Society diagnostic criteria for migraine were enrolled . In total , one or two migraine attacks were treated in 268 and 235 patients , respectively . The primary endpoint for the first treated attack was headache relief , with intensity decreasing from moderate or severe to mild or absent 2 h after drug intake . Usual secondary efficacy endpoints were assessed . A superiority of CM over EC was observed for both treated attacks for the main endpoint : success in 54 versus 36 % , p = 0.003 for the first attack and 60 versus 44 % , p = 0.02 for the second attack . CM was also significantly superior to EC during the first attack for complete headache relief ( 20 vs. 8 % , p = 0.006 ) , nausea ( 42 vs. 63 % , p = 0 . 007 ) and willingness to take the drug again ( 90 vs. 80 % , p = 0.043 ) . The global efficacy evaluation , rated by the investigators , was significantly more favorable to CM for both attacks ( p = 0.001 for the first attack and p = 0.02 for the second ) . The patients ' evaluation was significant for the first attack ( p = 0.002 ) . The global incidence of adverse events was 45 % higher with EC , though not significant ( 32 vs. 22 % , p = 0.075 ) . They were most often unspecific and mild to moderate in intensity . Gastrointestinal side effects were significantly less frequent with CM than EC ( 7 vs. 21 % , p = 0.001 ) . Thus , CM is more effective and has a better gastrointestinal safety than EC in the acute treatment of migraine attacks ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 2030 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93437", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium carbasalate" ], "offsets": [ [ 35, 54 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93438", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoclopramide" ], "offsets": [ [ 60, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93439", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ergotamine tartrate" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 101 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93440", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "caffeine" ], "offsets": [ [ 107, 115 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93441", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "calcium carbasalate ( equivalent to 900 mg aspirin )" ], "offsets": [ [ 290, 342 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93442", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "metoclopramide 10 mg ( CM )" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 375 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93443", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ergotamine tartrate 1 mg plus caffeine 100 mg ( EC )" ], "offsets": [ [ 381, 433 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93444", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93445", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EC" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93446", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93447", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EC" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93448", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93449", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EC" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93450", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93451", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CM" ], "offsets": [ [ 371, 373 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93452", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "EC" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93453", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "complete headache relief" ], "offsets": [ [ 1193, 1217 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93454", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 1247, 1253 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93455", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "willingness to take the drug again" ], "offsets": [ [ 1288, 1322 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93456", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "global efficacy evaluation , rated by the investigators" ], "offsets": [ [ 1357, 1412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93457", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "The patients ' evaluation was significant for the first attack ( p = 0.002 )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1536, 1612 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93458", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "global incidence of adverse events" ], "offsets": [ [ 1619, 1653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93459", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Gastrointestinal side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1801, 1830 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93460", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Thus , CM is more effective and has a better gastrointestinal safety than EC in the acute treatment of migraine attacks" ], "offsets": [ [ 1909, 2028 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93461", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93462", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "296" ], "offsets": [ [ 505, 508 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93463", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "migraine" ], "offsets": [ [ 142, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93465", "type": "document", "text": [ "A placebo-controlled trial of D-cycloserine added to conventional neuroleptics in patients with schizophrenia . BACKGROUND In a preliminary dose-finding study , D-cycloserine , a partial agonist at the glycine modulatory site of the glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate ( NMDA ) receptor , improved negative symptoms and cognitive function when added to conventional neuroleptics at a dose of 50 mg/d . METHODS Forty-seven patients with schizophrenia meeting criteria for deficit syndrome were randomized to D-cycloserine , 50 mg/d ( n=23 ) or placebo ( n=24 ) added to their conventional neuroleptic for an 8-week , double-blind trial . Clinical assessments were performed at baseline and at weeks 1 , 2 , 4 , 6 , and 8 . Serum concentrations of D-cycloserine , relevant amino acids , and homovanillic acid were assayed at baseline and at weeks 4 and 8 . A cognitive battery was performed at baseline and at week 8 . RESULTS Thirty-nine patients completed the 8-week trial . Seven dropouts occurred in the D-cycloserine group and 1 in the placebo group . The mean reduction in negative symptoms with D-cycloserine ( 23 % ) was significantly greater than with placebo ( 7 % ) as calculated by slopes representing Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( SANS ) total scores . Improvement of negative symptoms was predicted by low neuroleptic dose and low baseline SANS total score . No differences were found in performance on any cognitive test between groups or in changes in any other clinical measure . Clinical response did not correlate significantly with serum amino acid concentrations at baseline or with concentrations of D-cycloserine at weeks 4 and 8 . CONCLUSION These results support the hypothesis that agents acting at the glycine modulatory site of the NMDA receptor improve primary negative symptoms ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1824 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93466", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 20 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93467", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93468", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93469", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93470", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93471", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93472", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93473", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93474", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93475", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 9 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93476", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "D-cycloserine" ], "offsets": [ [ 30, 43 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93477", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Serum concentrations of D-cycloserine , relevant amino acids , and homovanillic acid" ], "offsets": [ [ 721, 805 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93478", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "cognitive battery" ], "offsets": [ [ 856, 873 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93479", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "performance on any cognitive test" ], "offsets": [ [ 1417, 1450 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93480", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93481", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Forty-seven" ], "offsets": [ [ 409, 420 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93482", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "schizophrenia" ], "offsets": [ [ 96, 109 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93483", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "deficit syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 470, 486 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93484", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty-nine" ], "offsets": [ [ 924, 935 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93486", "type": "document", "text": [ "Herpes simplex virus vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infection . PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of an antiherpetic vaccine in recurrent herpetic ocular infections . METHODS Twenty patients with herpes simplex virus 1-related recurrent keratitis/keratouveitis were prospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a specific vaccination with heat shock-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1 ( 10 patients ) or to be observed as controls ( 10 patients ) . The number , duration , and anatomic localization of relapses were recorded in all the patients for 12 months before inclusion in the study and for a similar period after the assignment of each subject to vaccine or control group . RESULTS In the vaccine group , we observed a reduction both in the number ( p = 0.016 ) and average duration ( p = 0.050 ) of recurrences , whereas in the control group , no significant change was found comparing a 12-month period before and after inclusion in the study . The comparison between the two groups highlighted a significant reduction in the number ( p = 0.013 ) and average duration ( p = 0.051 ) of relapses in treated subjects , who did not show any significant vaccine-induced side effects . CONCLUSION The use of a vaccination with heat shock-inactivated herpes simplex virus 1 seems to be able to reduce the number and duration of relapses in herpes simplex virus 1-related keratitis/keratouveitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1426 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93487", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Herpes simplex virus vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93488", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "antiherpetic vaccine" ], "offsets": [ [ 109, 129 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93489", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "specific vaccination with heat shock-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 1" ], "offsets": [ [ 336, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93490", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 458 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93491", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vaccination" ], "offsets": [ [ 345, 356 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93492", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93493", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "number , duration , and anatomic localization of relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93494", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93495", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "average duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93496", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 835, 846 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93497", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number" ], "offsets": [ [ 481, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93498", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "average duration" ], "offsets": [ [ 801, 817 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93499", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 530, 538 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93500", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "significant vaccine-induced side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1174, 1214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93501", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "number and duration of relapses" ], "offsets": [ [ 1335, 1366 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93502", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "recurrent herpetic ocular infection ." ], "offsets": [ [ 32, 69 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93504", "type": "document", "text": [ "Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide shortened hospital stays and improved immune status and nitrogen economy after major abdominal surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 156 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93505", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine dipeptide" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 51 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93506", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hospital stays" ], "offsets": [ [ 62, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93507", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immune status and nitrogen economy" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93508", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "major abdominal surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 131, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93510", "type": "document", "text": [ "Study of cytosine arabinoside ( NSC-63878 ) synchronization plus vincristine ( NSC-67574 ) , prednisone ( NSC-10023 ) , and L-asparaginase ( NSC-109229 ) for remission induction in advanced acute leukemia in children . Cytosine arabinoside ( CA ) was utilized in efforts to synchronize leukemic cells in DNA synthesis for treatment with vincristine , prednisone , and L-asparaginase in children with acute leukemia in relapse . The results did not indicate any therapeutic advantage for patients treated with this combination compared to those treated without any attempt at CA synchronization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 595 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93511", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "cytosine arabinoside" ], "offsets": [ [ 9, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93512", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "synchronization plus vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 44, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93513", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93514", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-asparaginase" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93515", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Cytosine arabinoside ( CA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 246 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93516", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vincristine" ], "offsets": [ [ 65, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93517", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "prednisone" ], "offsets": [ [ 93, 103 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93518", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "L-asparaginase" ], "offsets": [ [ 124, 138 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93519", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CA synchronization ." ], "offsets": [ [ 575, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93520", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "therapeutic advantage" ], "offsets": [ [ 461, 482 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93521", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "advanced acute leukemia" ], "offsets": [ [ 181, 204 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93522", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93523", "type": "Participant_Age", "text": [ "children" ], "offsets": [ [ 208, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93524", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "acute leukemia in relapse" ], "offsets": [ [ 400, 425 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93526", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effects of atropine and scopolamine on bradycardia and emetic symptoms in otoplasty . OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of unilateral or bilateral otoplasty on bradycardia and postoperative nausea and vomiting ( PONV ) and the efficiency of transdermal scopolamine in the prophylaxis of PONV . STUDY DESIGN Post hoc assessment of the data from a double-blind , randomized study . METHODS Fifty otoplasty patients were studied ; half of them received randomly and in double-blind fashion a transdermal therapeutic system ( patch ) of scopolamine ( TTS-scopolamine ) as prophylaxis against PONV before general anesthesia . The placebo group received atropine 10 microg x kg ( -1 ) intravenously during induction . RESULTS The scopolamine-treated patients suffered more from moderate peroperative bradycardia ( 8/25 ; P < .05 ) than the atropine-treated patients ( 1/25 ) . Two patients wearing a half of the TTS-scopolamine patch needed intravenous atropine . After unilateral otoplasty , none of the TTS-scopolamine-treated patients and 50 % of the atropine-treated patients suffered from PONV . After bilateral operation , the respective incidences were 39 % and 81 % ( P < .01 ) . After unilateral otoplasty no patient needed droperidol , but after bilateral otoplasty , 12 of 19 of the atropine-treated and 4 of 18 ( P < .05 ) of the scopolamine-treated patients needed droperidol . The mean numbers of doses of droperidol were 0.8+/-0.9 and 0.3+/-0.6 ( P < .05 ) , respectively . Two additional patients , wearing half of the TTS-scopolamine patch , suffered from mild central anticholinergic syndrome . CONCLUSION TTS-scopolamine offers effective prophylaxis against PONV ( auriculoemetic reflex ) , but does not protect from bradycardia ( auriculocardiac reflex ) in otoplasty . Cutting of the TTS-scopolamine patch may lead to undesirable side effects ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1857 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93527", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93528", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93529", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "unilateral or bilateral otoplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 121, 154 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93530", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 24, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93531", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 630 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93532", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "atropine 10 microg x kg ( -1 ) intravenously" ], "offsets": [ [ 646, 690 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93533", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "scopolamine-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93534", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atropine-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93535", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TTS-scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93536", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 11, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93537", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TTS-scopolamine-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 997, 1020 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93538", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "atropine-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 832, 848 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93539", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "scopolamine-treated" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 741 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93540", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93541", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TTS-scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93542", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TTS-scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93543", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "TTS-scopolamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 545, 560 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93544", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bradycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93545", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "emetic symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93546", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bradycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93547", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "postoperative nausea" ], "offsets": [ [ 174, 194 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93548", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "vomiting ( PONV )" ], "offsets": [ [ 199, 216 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93549", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "prophylaxis of PONV ." ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 291 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93550", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "moderate peroperative bradycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 770, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93551", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "intravenous atropine" ], "offsets": [ [ 933, 953 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93552", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "PONV" ], "offsets": [ [ 210, 214 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93553", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1225, 1235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93554", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean numbers of doses of droperidol" ], "offsets": [ [ 1387, 1422 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93555", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "mild central anticholinergic syndrome" ], "offsets": [ [ 1565, 1602 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93556", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "prophylaxis" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 281 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93557", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "against PONV ( auriculoemetic reflex )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1661, 1699 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93558", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bradycardia ( auriculocardiac reflex )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1728, 1766 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93559", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "side effects" ], "offsets": [ [ 1843, 1855 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93560", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "bradycardia" ], "offsets": [ [ 39, 50 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93561", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "emetic symptoms" ], "offsets": [ [ 55, 70 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93562", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Fifty" ], "offsets": [ [ 386, 391 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93563", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "otoplasty" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 83 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93565", "type": "document", "text": [ "The preparation of patients for cardiac surgery . This study examines the impact of a preadmission telephone intervention on anxiety , knowledge , and readiness for discharge for patients attending a preadmission teaching program prior to cardiac surgery . The primary goal of the telephone intervention was to provide support by giving additional information about individual concerns . The telephone intervention did not have an effect on anxiety and knowledge . A significantly higher level of anxiety was found in the experimental group on admission , but this difference became nonsignificant when baseline level and length of waiting time were entered as covariates . The more anxious group rated their perceived knowledge level lower , despite the fact that both groups had similar scores in actual knowledge . Given the potential barrier that anxiety can pose for patient learning , nurses need to adapt their interventions to deal with the patients ' feelings of anxiety that accompany cardiac surgery to make the learning process effective ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1051 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93566", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "preadmission telephone intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 86, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93567", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "telephone intervention" ], "offsets": [ [ 99, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93568", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93569", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93570", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "readiness for discharge" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 174 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93571", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93572", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 135, 144 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93573", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "level of anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 504 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93574", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "perceived knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 709, 728 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93575", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "scores in actual knowledge" ], "offsets": [ [ 789, 815 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93576", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "anxiety" ], "offsets": [ [ 125, 132 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93577", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "The preparation of patients for cardiac surgery" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 47 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93578", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients attending a preadmission teaching program prior to cardiac surgery ." ], "offsets": [ [ 179, 256 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93580", "type": "document", "text": [ "Network support for drinking , Alcoholics Anonymous and long-term matching effects . AIMS ( 1 ) To examine the matching hypothesis that Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy ( TSF ) is more effective than Motivational Enhancement Therapy ( MET ) for alcohol-dependent clients with networks highly supportive of drinking 3 years following treatment ; ( 2 ) to test a causal chain providing the rationale for this effect . DESIGN Outpatients were re-interviewed 3 years following treatment . ANCOVAs tested the matching hypothesis . SETTING Outpatients from five clinical research units distributed across the United States . PARTICIPANTS Eight hundred and six alcohol-dependent clients . INTERVENTION Clients were randomly assigned to one of three 12-week , manually-guided , individual treatments : TSF , MET or Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy ( CBT ) . MEASUREMENTS Network support for drinking prior to treatment , Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) involvement during and following treatment , percentage of days abstinent and drinks per drinking day during months 37-39 . FINDINGS ( 1 ) The a priori matching hypothesis that TSF is more effective than MET for clients with networks supportive of drinking was supported at the 3 year follow-up ; ( 2 ) AA involvement was a partial mediator of this effect ; clients with networks supportive of drinking assigned to TSF were more likely to be involved in AA ; AA involvement was associated with better 3-year drinking outcomes for such clients . CONCLUSIONS ( 1 ) In the long-term TSF may be the treatment of choice for alcohol-dependent clients with networks supportive of drinking ; ( 2 ) involvement in AA should be given special consideration for clients with networks supportive of drinking , irrespective of the therapy they will receive ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1795 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93581", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Twelve Step Facilitation Therapy ( TSF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 136, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93582", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "Motivational Enhancement Therapy ( MET )" ], "offsets": [ [ 200, 240 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93583", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "manually-guided , individual treatments : TSF , MET" ], "offsets": [ [ 752, 803 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93584", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "Cognitive Behavioral Coping Skills Therapy ( CBT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 807, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93585", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Network support for drinking prior to treatment , Alcoholics Anonymous ( AA ) involvement during and following treatment , percentage of days abstinent and drinks per drinking day during months 37-39" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 1072 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93586", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "involved in AA ; AA involvement" ], "offsets": [ [ 1393, 1424 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93587", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "3-year drinking outcomes" ], "offsets": [ [ 1452, 1476 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93588", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "alcohol-dependent" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93589", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Outpatients" ], "offsets": [ [ 423, 434 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93590", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Eight hundred and six" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 653 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93591", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "alcohol-dependent" ], "offsets": [ [ 245, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93593", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Effect of alanyl-glutamine in postoperative total parenteral nutrition on postoperative immunosuppression and morbidity . Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study ] . The impact of glutamine substitution on postoperative immunosuppression and morbidity was investigated in patients with surgical interventions and total parenteral nutrition in a prospective randomized trial . To analyze immune competence , the expression of CD3 , CD4 , and CD8 on lymphocytes and of HLA-DR and CD14 on monocytes as well as the plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10 was evaluated before , 1 , 2 , 4 , and 7 days after surgery . A total of 34 patients have been included ( with glutamine : n = 18 ; without glutamine : n = 16 ) . Patients with glutamine substitution showed decreased systemic inflammation , significant faster compensation for postoperative immunosuppression and a lower incidence of postoperative complications . Patients without postoperative complications showed no significant differences in postoperative immunosuppression ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1038 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93594", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "alanyl-glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93595", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glutamine substitution" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93596", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "with glutamine : n = 18 ; without glutamine :" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 710 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93597", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "glutamine substitution" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 218 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93598", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "immunosuppression" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93599", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "morbidity" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 121 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93600", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "CD3 , CD4 , and CD8 on lymphocytes and of HLA-DR and CD14 on monocytes as well as the plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10" ], "offsets": [ [ 441, 558 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93601", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "decreased systemic inflammation" ], "offsets": [ [ 766, 797 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93602", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "compensation for postoperative immunosuppression" ], "offsets": [ [ 819, 867 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93603", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "lower incidence of postoperative complications" ], "offsets": [ [ 874, 920 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93604", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "immunosuppression" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 107 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93605", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients with surgical interventions and total parenteral nutrition" ], "offsets": [ [ 288, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93606", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "34" ], "offsets": [ [ 632, 634 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93607", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 19, 28 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93608", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "18" ], "offsets": [ [ 686, 688 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93609", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "without glutamine" ], "offsets": [ [ 691, 708 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93610", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "16" ], "offsets": [ [ 715, 717 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93611", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Patients with glutamine substitution" ], "offsets": [ [ 722, 758 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93613", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Plasma separation combined with CVVHF in septic and SIRS patients ] . In a prospective non-randomized trial , 59 patients with sepsis ( n = 43 ) and SIRS ( n = 16 ) were treated on a surgical intensive care unit . In 22 patients plasmapheresis in combination with continuous venovenous hemofiltration ( CVVHF ) was administered . Lethality was 56 % in the sepsis group ; in the therapy group lethality was significantly lower in patients with plasmapheresis , even though in this population the organic failure rate was higher . Finally the dependency of lethality and age was similar in both groups . Lethality at 22 % in the plasmapheresis group with double organ failure was significantly lower ( P > 0.01 ) than in controls . Reduction of lethality seemed to be as high as 18 % in patients with sepsis , while patients with SIRS did not profit from the additional therapy . A prospective randomized trial in sepsis and double organic failure should be projected ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 969 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93614", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Plasma separation" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 19 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93615", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "CVVHF" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 39 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93616", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "plasmapheresis in combination with continuous venovenous hemofiltration ( CVVHF )" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 312 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93617", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "plasmapheresis" ], "offsets": [ [ 231, 245 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93618", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Lethality" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93619", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "was" ], "offsets": [ [ 313, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93620", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "56 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 346, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93621", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in the sepsis group" ], "offsets": [ [ 351, 370 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93622", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "lethality" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 403 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93623", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "the dependency of lethality and age was similar in both groups" ], "offsets": [ [ 539, 601 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93624", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "Lethality" ], "offsets": [ [ 332, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93625", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "at" ], "offsets": [ [ 14, 16 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93626", "type": "Outcome_Adverse-effects", "text": [ "22 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 617, 621 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93627", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "in the plasmapheresis group" ], "offsets": [ [ 622, 649 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93628", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "double organ failure was significantly lower ( P > 0.01 ) than in controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 655, 729 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93629", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "septic and SIRS" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93630", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "59" ], "offsets": [ [ 112, 114 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93631", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "sepsis" ], "offsets": [ [ 129, 135 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93632", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "SIRS" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 58 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93633", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "22" ], "offsets": [ [ 219, 221 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93635", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ Intra-arterial ( 5-FU/FA and FUDR ) versus systemic chemotherapy ( 5-FU/FA ) of non-resectable colorectal liver metastases ] . The relative efficacy of HAI FUDR , HAI 5-FU/FA , and i.v . 5-FU/FA chemotherapy for the treatment of unresectable colorectal liver metastases was compared in a prospective randomized clinical trial . The response rate after HAI treatment was significantly higher as compared to i.v . treatment with no statistical benefit regarding survival and time to progression . HAI FUDR treatment was inferior as compared to HAI or i.v . 5-FU/FA . i.v . 5-FU/FA-therapy is therefore the method of choice outside clinical trials ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 648 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93636", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Intra-arterial ( 5-FU/FA" ], "offsets": [ [ 2, 26 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93637", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "and" ], "offsets": [ [ 27, 30 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93638", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "FUDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 35 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93639", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ")" ], "offsets": [ [ 36, 37 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93640", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "systemic chemotherapy ( 5-FU/FA )" ], "offsets": [ [ 45, 78 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93641", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HAI FUDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93642", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "," ], "offsets": [ [ 163, 164 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93643", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HAI 5-FU/FA" ], "offsets": [ [ 165, 176 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93644", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ ", and" ], "offsets": [ [ 177, 182 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93645", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "i.v . 5-FU/FA chemotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 183, 209 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93646", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HAI" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93647", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HAI FUDR" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 162 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93648", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "HAI" ], "offsets": [ [ 154, 157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93649", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-FU/FA ." ], "offsets": [ [ 557, 566 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93650", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "5-FU/FA-therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 588 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93651", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "non-resectable colorectal liver metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93652", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "relative efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 133, 150 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93653", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "response rate" ], "offsets": [ [ 334, 347 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93654", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 462, 470 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93655", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "time to progression" ], "offsets": [ [ 475, 494 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93656", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "inferior" ], "offsets": [ [ 520, 528 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93657", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "non-resectable colorectal liver metastases" ], "offsets": [ [ 82, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93659", "type": "document", "text": [ "Videotaped training in alcohol counseling for obstetric care practitioners : a randomized controlled trial . OBJECTIVE To determine the feasibility of videotaped training for obstetric care practitioners in motivational interviewing skills that could be used in brief patient consultations on problem drinking . METHODS Thirty health care practitioners participated in a clinical trial using a 20-minute videotape to instruct them in motivational interviewing . Participants engaged in a pretest roleplay with an actress playing a drinking pregnant woman . Those randomly assigned to the experimental condition watched the motivational interviewing videotape . Control condition participants watched a 20-minute docudrama of a pregnant problem drinker . Both groups then engaged in a post-test roleplay similar to the pretest . Behavioral ratings of the roleplays and participant evaluations of the motivational interviewing video constituted the outcome measures . RESULTS Participant evaluations indicated that the training video was clear in explaining and demonstrating the principles and skills of motivational interviewing . Change in behavioral ratings from pretest to post-test showed significant differences in motivational interviewing skills between the experimental and control groups . Obstetric care practitioners who viewed the training video were rated as showing greater empathy , minimizing patient defensiveness , and supporting women 's beliefs in their ability to change . CONCLUSION Obstetric care practitioners can improve their alcohol intervention skills through the use of a 20-minute videotaped instruction in motivational interviewing . Clinicians who improve their skills in motivational interviewing can intervene more effectively with their drinking pregnant patients . Using motivational interviewing with this population holds promise for helping prevent alcohol-related health problems ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1921 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93660", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "Videotaped training in alcohol counseling" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93661", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "videotaped training for obstetric care practitioners in motivational interviewing skills" ], "offsets": [ [ 151, 239 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93662", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "20-minute videotape" ], "offsets": [ [ 394, 413 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93663", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "motivational interviewing videotape" ], "offsets": [ [ 623, 658 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93664", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "Control" ], "offsets": [ [ 661, 668 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93665", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "20-minute docudrama" ], "offsets": [ [ 702, 721 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93666", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "training video" ], "offsets": [ [ 1017, 1031 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93667", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "videotaped instruction in motivational interviewing ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1611, 1664 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93668", "type": "Intervention_Educational", "text": [ "motivational interviewing" ], "offsets": [ [ 207, 232 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93669", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "Behavioral ratings of the roleplays" ], "offsets": [ [ 828, 863 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93670", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "participant evaluations of the motivational interviewing video" ], "offsets": [ [ 868, 930 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93671", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "empathy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1388, 1395 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93672", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "patient defensiveness" ], "offsets": [ [ 1409, 1430 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93673", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "supporting women 's beliefs in their ability to change" ], "offsets": [ [ 1437, 1491 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93674", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obstetric care practitioners :" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 76 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93675", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "obstetric care practitioners" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 74 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93677", "type": "document", "text": [ "Erythropoiesis after therapy with recombinant human erythropoietin : a dose-response study in anemic cancer surgery patients . BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Preoperative treatment with 600 U/kg of recombinant human erythropoietin ( r-HuEPO ) effectively increases erythropoiesis in cancer patients . The aim of this study was to evaluate the erythropoietic response after different doses of r-HuEPO in order to find the minimum effective dose . MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty anemic sideropenic patients ( hemoglobin < /=110 g/l ; serum iron < 600 microg/l ) with cancer of the gastrointestinal tract were randomly allocated to two groups : the first ( n = 10 ) received 400 U/kg of r-Hu EPO divided in 4 doses ( 100 U/kg each , every 4 days ) ; the second ( n = 10 ) received 200 U/kg of r-HuEPO ( 50 U/kg each , every 4 days ) . Both groups were given intravenous iron gluconate ( 125 mg ) every day for 15 days . RESULTS After treatment , the serum iron level significantly rose in both groups . The production of new red blood cells was 176.3+/-90.8 ml in the 200 U/kg group and 268.4+/-79.4 ml in the 400 U/kg group ( p = 0.036 ) . The increase of hemoglobin was significantly higher in the 400 U/kg group ( 22.3+/-2.0 g/l ) than in the 200 U/kg group ( 14.1+/-2.7 g/l ) ( p = 0.017 ) . CONCLUSION The r-HuEPO dose of 400 U/kg appears significantly more effective than the 200 U/kg to stimulate erythropoiesis in anemic sideropenic cancer patients ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1448 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93678", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human erythropoietin" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 66 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93679", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "recombinant human erythropoietin ( r-HuEPO )" ], "offsets": [ [ 193, 237 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93680", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "r-HuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 228, 235 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93681", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "400 U/kg of r-Hu EPO divided in 4 doses" ], "offsets": [ [ 665, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93682", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "received 200 U/kg of r-HuEPO" ], "offsets": [ [ 762, 790 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93683", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "intravenous iron gluconate" ], "offsets": [ [ 848, 874 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93684", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythropoiesis" ], "offsets": [ [ 260, 274 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93685", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "erythropoietic response" ], "offsets": [ [ 338, 361 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93686", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "serum iron level significantly rose" ], "offsets": [ [ 940, 975 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93687", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "new red blood cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 1011, 1030 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93688", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "increase of hemoglobin" ], "offsets": [ [ 1135, 1157 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93689", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effective" ], "offsets": [ [ 238, 247 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93690", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "anemic cancer surgery patients" ], "offsets": [ [ 94, 124 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93691", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Twenty" ], "offsets": [ [ 463, 469 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93692", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93693", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "10" ], "offsets": [ [ 516, 518 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93695", "type": "document", "text": [ "The influence of ventricular fibrillation duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic waveforms in humans . OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to prospectively investigate the influence of ventricular fibrillation ( VF ) durations of 5 , 10 and 20 s on the defibrillation threshold ( DFT ) during implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD ) implantation . BACKGROUND Although the DFT using monophasic waveforms has been shown to increase with VF duration in humans , the effect of VF duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic waveforms in humans is not known . METHODS Thirty patients undergoing primary ICD implantation or pulse generator replacement were randomly assigned to have the DFT determined using biphasic shocks at two durations of VF each ( 5 and 10 s , 10 and 20 s or 5 and 20 s ) . RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference in the mean DFT comparing VF durations of 5 s ( 9.5+/-6.0 J ) and 10 s ( 10.8+/-7.0 J ) ( p=0.4 ) . The mean DFT significantly increased from 10.9+/-6.1 J at 10 s of VF to 12.6+/-5.6 J ( p=0.03 ) at 20 s of VF , and from 7.0+/-3.5 J at 5 s of VF to 10.5+/-6.3 J ( p=0.04 ) at 20 s of VF . An increase in the DFT was observed in 14 patients as VF duration increased . There were no clinical characteristics that differentiated patients with and without an increase in the DFT . CONCLUSIONS Defibrillation efficacy decreases with increasing VF duration using biphasic waveforms in humans . Ventricular fibrillation durations greater than 10 s may negatively affect the effectiveness of ICD therapy ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1577 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93696", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "DFT determined using biphasic shocks" ], "offsets": [ [ 712, 748 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93697", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "defibrillation efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 54, 77 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93698", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "defibrillation threshold ( DFT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 270, 302 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93699", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "DFT using monophasic waveforms" ], "offsets": [ [ 396, 426 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93700", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "mean DFT" ], "offsets": [ [ 887, 895 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93701", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "DFT" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93702", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "DFT" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93703", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "DFT" ], "offsets": [ [ 297, 300 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93704", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Defibrillation efficacy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1369, 1392 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93705", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "effectiveness of ICD therapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1547, 1575 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93706", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "Thirty" ], "offsets": [ [ 594, 600 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93707", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "patients undergoing primary ICD implantation or pulse generator replacement" ], "offsets": [ [ 601, 676 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93708", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "14" ], "offsets": [ [ 1208, 1210 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93710", "type": "document", "text": [ "Morphological onset and early diagnosis in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy : a long term analysis with nuclear magnetic resonance imaging . OBJECTIVES A long-term follow-up study with nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) imaging was undertaken to detect the morphological onset and to establish the early diagnosis in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ( HCM ) . BACKGROUND A spadelike configuration on left ventriculogram ( LVG ) is regarded as a diagnostic criterion for the classical apical HCM . There also exists a segmented hypertrophy at the apical level without indicating the spadelike features ( a nonspade configuration ) . To detect the hypertrophied myocardium of the nonspade configuration , circumferential scrutiny of the apex is required . Although both configurations can be underlying causes of giant negative T waves , etiological relationship between the two is not clarified . METHODS The criteria for the spadelike configuration defined on left ventricular short-axis NMR images were as follows : ( apical maximal thickness > or = 15 mm ) , ( apical anterior thickness over basal anterior thickness > or = 1.3 ) and ( apical posterior thickness over basal posterior thickness > or =1.3 ) . Thirteen patients who had predominant hypertrophy ( > or = 15 mm ) at the apical level without the spadelike configuration underwent NMR imaging twice before and after 54+/-10 months ' follow-up . RESULTS Apical hypertrophy that had been confined to the lateral wall in four , the anterior-lateral wall in two , and the septal-anterior wall in one developed to become circumferential hypertrophy that fulfilled the criteria for the spadelike configuration after the follow-up period . CONCLUSIONS The spadelike configuration can begin with the nonspade configuration and therefore , both can constitute a single disease entity of apical HCM . The early diagnosis of apical HCM can be achieved by identifying the hypertrophy frequently confined to the lateral wall at the apical level ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1999 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93711", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nuclear magnetic resonance imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 106, 140 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93712", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "nuclear magnetic resonance ( NMR ) imaging" ], "offsets": [ [ 187, 229 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93713", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "NMR images" ], "offsets": [ [ 992, 1002 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93714", "type": "Intervention_Other", "text": [ "NMR imaging twice before and after 54+/-10 months" ], "offsets": [ [ 1347, 1396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93715", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "left ventriculogram ( LVG )" ], "offsets": [ [ 404, 431 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93716", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "segmented hypertrophy at the apical level" ], "offsets": [ [ 521, 562 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93717", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Apical hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1419, 1437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93718", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "circumferential hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 1582, 1609 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93719", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "apical HCM" ], "offsets": [ [ 488, 498 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93720", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "hypertrophy" ], "offsets": [ [ 531, 542 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93721", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy :" ], "offsets": [ [ 43, 79 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93722", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "Thirteen patients who had predominant hypertrophy ( > or = 15 mm ) at the apical level without the spadelike configuration underwent NMR imaging twice before and after 54+/-10 months ' follow-up ." ], "offsets": [ [ 1214, 1410 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93724", "type": "document", "text": [ "Active specific immunotherapy for stage II and stage III human colon cancer : a randomised trial . BACKGROUND Colon cancer is curable by surgery , but cure rate depends on the extent of disease . We investigated whether adjuvant active specific immunotherapy ( ASI ) with an autologous tumour cell-BCG vaccine with surgical resection was more beneficial than resection alone in stage II and III colon cancer . METHODS In a prospective randomised trial , 254 patients with colon cancer were randomly assigned postoperative ASI or no adjuvant treatment . ASI was three weekly vaccinations starting 4 weeks after surgery , with a booster vaccination at 6 months with 10 ( 7 ) irradiated autologous tumour cells . The first vaccinations contained 10 ( 7 ) BCG organisms . We followed up patients for time to recurrence , and recurrence-free and overall survival . Analysis was by intention to treat . FINDINGS The 5.3 year median follow-up ( range 8 months to 8 years 11 months ) showed 44 % ( 95 % CI 7-66 ) risk reduction for recurrence in the recurrence-free period in all patients receiving ASI ( p=0.023 ) . Overall , there were 40 recurrences in the control group and 25 in the ASI group . Analysis by stage showed no significant benefit of ASI in stage III disease . The major impact of ASI was seen in patients with stage II disease , with a significantly longer recurrence-free period ( p=0.011 ) and 61 % ( 18-81 ) risk reduction for recurrences . Recurrence-free survival was significantly longer with ASI ( 42 % risk reduction for recurrence or death [ 0-68 ] , p=0.032 ) and there was a trend towards improved overall survival . INTERPRETATION ASI gave significant clinical benefit in surgically resected patients with stage II colon cancer . ASI has minimal adverse reactions and should be considered in the management of stage II colon cancer ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1855 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93725", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "Active specific immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 29 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93726", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "active specific immunotherapy" ], "offsets": [ [ 229, 258 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93727", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "postoperative ASI" ], "offsets": [ [ 508, 525 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93728", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "no adjuvant treatment" ], "offsets": [ [ 529, 550 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93729", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "autologous tumour cells" ], "offsets": [ [ 684, 707 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93730", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "ASI" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93731", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "ASI" ], "offsets": [ [ 261, 264 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93732", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "recurrence-free period" ], "offsets": [ [ 1042, 1064 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93733", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "risk reduction for recurrences" ], "offsets": [ [ 1421, 1451 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93734", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "Recurrence-free survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 1454, 1478 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93735", "type": "Outcome_Mortality", "text": [ "overall survival" ], "offsets": [ [ 841, 857 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93736", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "stage II and stage III human colon cancer" ], "offsets": [ [ 34, 75 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93737", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "254" ], "offsets": [ [ 454, 457 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93739", "type": "document", "text": [ "A randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled parallel study of loteprednol etabonate 0.2 % in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis . OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of loteprednol etabonate ( LE ) 0.2 % in reducing the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis . DESIGN Randomized , double-masked , placebo-controlled , parallel group multicenter study of 6 weeks duration . PARTICIPANTS A total of 135 patients with signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis participated . INTERVENTION All patients received either LE 0.2 % or placebo ( vehicle ) four times a day in both eyes for 42 days . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Bulbar conjunctival injection ( primary sign ) and itching ( primary symptom ) over the first 2 weeks of treatment was measured . RESULTS A reduction in severity was seen in both LE and placebo groups for bulbar conjunctival injection ( 1.5 vs. 1.0 units on a 0-3 scale ) and itching ( 3.4 vs. 3.0 units on a 0-4 scale ) over the first 2 weeks . The treatment effect by these measures was -0.5 and -0.4 units in favor of LE ( P < or = 0.008 ) . Resolution ( i.e. , the proportion of patients with signs or symptoms no longer present ) at day 14 strongly favored LE-treated patients ( 36 % and 15 % ; 58 % and 38 % , for injection and itching , respectively ) . Both treatments were well tolerated . One patient in each treatment group ( 1 of 67 and 1 of 68 , respectively ) had an elevation of intraocular pressure of 10 mmHg or greater during the 6 weeks of treatment . CONCLUSIONS Loteprednol etabonate 0.2 % was more effective than placebo in the treatment of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis . Loteprednol etabonate 0.2 % had a safety profile comparable to placebo ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1727 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93740", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "loteprednol etabonate" ], "offsets": [ [ 68, 89 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93741", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "loteprednol etabonate ( LE )" ], "offsets": [ [ 185, 213 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93742", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo-controlled" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 49 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93743", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "LE 0.2 %" ], "offsets": [ [ 559, 567 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93744", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "placebo" ], "offsets": [ [ 31, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93745", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "seasonal allergic conjunctivitis ." ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 147 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93746", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Bulbar conjunctival injection ( primary sign ) and itching ( primary symptom )" ], "offsets": [ [ 657, 735 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93747", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "reduction in severity" ], "offsets": [ [ 797, 818 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93748", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "bulbar conjunctival injection" ], "offsets": [ [ 862, 891 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93749", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "proportion of patients with signs or symptoms no longer present )" ], "offsets": [ [ 1126, 1191 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93750", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "tolerated" ], "offsets": [ [ 1344, 1353 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93751", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "elevation of intraocular pressure" ], "offsets": [ [ 1438, 1471 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93752", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic conjunctivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93753", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "135" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 432 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93754", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "seasonal allergic conjunctivitis" ], "offsets": [ [ 113, 145 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93756", "type": "document", "text": [ "Adequacy of vitamin B6 supplementation during pregnancy : a prospective study . This prospective study assesses the effect of 2.5 , 4 , and 10 mg of pyridoxine supplementation during pregnancy on maternal and fetal plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ( PLP ) and on the degree of coenzyme saturation ( activation factor ) of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase ( alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT ) in maternal erythrocytes . More than 4 mg of pyridoxine supplementation daily was required for most pregnancies to maintain maternal plasma PLP levels within the range observed during the first trimester and in the nonpregnant state . The plasma PLP concentrations in maternal and cord blood were highly correlated and indicated a dependence of fetal vitamin B6 nutrition on maternal circulating PLP . Measurements of alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT were not as reproducible as plasma PLP assays and were less sensitive and quantitative indicators . In the majority of subjects , the changes in alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT with time correlated poorly with the changes in plasma PLP . However , when the data were analyzed without regard for their dependence on time , they demonstrated a negative , linear correlation between alphaEGOT and log plasma PLP and between alphaEGPT and log plasma PLP for the group on 2.5 mg of pyridoxine and for all the subjects combined . Finally , the dietary records showed that most of the subjects consumed less than 2 mg of vitamin B6 daily from their food . The results indicate that the current Recommended Dietary Allowance for vitamin B6 during pregnancy ( 2.5 mg ) is too low and that supplementation of this vitamin in an amount more than 4 mg daily is recommended ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1709 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93757", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin B6 supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 38 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93758", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridoxine supplementation" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 175 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93759", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "4 mg of pyridoxine supplementation daily" ], "offsets": [ [ 450, 490 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93760", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "pyridoxine" ], "offsets": [ [ 149, 159 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93761", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin B6" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93762", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "vitamin B6" ], "offsets": [ [ 12, 22 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93763", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maternal and fetal plasma levels of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ( PLP )" ], "offsets": [ [ 196, 262 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93764", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "degree of coenzyme saturation ( activation factor ) of aspartate aminotransferase" ], "offsets": [ [ 274, 355 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93765", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "alanine aminotransferase ( alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT ) in maternal erythrocytes" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 437 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93766", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "maternal plasma PLP levels" ], "offsets": [ [ 537, 563 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93767", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PLP concentrations in maternal and cord blood" ], "offsets": [ [ 652, 704 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93768", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "Measurements of alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 815, 854 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93769", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PLP assays" ], "offsets": [ [ 883, 900 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93770", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "changes in alphaEGOT and alphaEGPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 989, 1023 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93771", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93772", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "alphaEGOT" ], "offsets": [ [ 387, 396 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93773", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "plasma PLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 546, 556 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93774", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "alphaEGPT" ], "offsets": [ [ 401, 410 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93775", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "log plasma PLP" ], "offsets": [ [ 1241, 1255 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93776", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93777", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "pregnancy" ], "offsets": [ [ 46, 55 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93779", "type": "document", "text": [ "[ The efficacy of psychotherapy with biofeedback in the rehabilitation of hypertension patients ] . 85 females with borderline mental disorders in essential hypertension were followed up for a month and 6 months after the treatment ( hypotensive drugs + psychotherapy with biofeedback or hypotensive drugs only -- 45 patients and 40 controls , respectively ) . The addition of psychotherapy to hypotensive drugs contributed to a higher hypotensive effect , long-term improvement of psychic condition , more active attitude to the treatment process and psychic adaptation . Better quality of life was achieved ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 610 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93780", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "psychotherapy with biofeedback" ], "offsets": [ [ 18, 48 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93781", "type": "Intervention_Psychological", "text": [ "hypotensive drugs + psychotherapy with biofeedback or hypotensive drugs only" ], "offsets": [ [ 234, 310 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93782", "type": "Intervention_Pharmacological", "text": [ "-- 45" ], "offsets": [ [ 311, 316 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93783", "type": "Intervention_Control", "text": [ "controls" ], "offsets": [ [ 333, 341 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93784", "type": "Outcome_Physical", "text": [ "higher hypotensive effect" ], "offsets": [ [ 429, 454 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93785", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "long-term improvement of psychic condition" ], "offsets": [ [ 457, 499 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93786", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "more active attitude to the treatment process" ], "offsets": [ [ 502, 547 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93787", "type": "Outcome_Mental", "text": [ "psychic adaptation" ], "offsets": [ [ 552, 570 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93788", "type": "Outcome_Other", "text": [ "Better quality of life" ], "offsets": [ [ 573, 595 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93789", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 74, 86 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93790", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "85" ], "offsets": [ [ 100, 102 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93791", "type": "Participant_Sex", "text": [ "females" ], "offsets": [ [ 103, 110 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93792", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "borderline mental disorders" ], "offsets": [ [ 116, 143 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93793", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "essential hypertension" ], "offsets": [ [ 147, 169 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]

[ { "id": "93795", "type": "document", "text": [ "Effectiveness of active physical training as treatment for long-standing adductor-related groin pain in athletes : randomised trial . BACKGROUND Groin pain is common among athletes . A major cause of long-standing problems is adductor-related groin pain . The purpose of this randomised clinical trial was to compare an active training programme ( AT ) with a physiotherapy treatment without active training ( PT ) in the treatment of adductor-related groin pain in athletes . METHODS 68 athletes with long-standing ( median 40 weeks ) adductor-related groin pain -- after examination according to a standardised protocol -- were randomly assigned to AT or PT . The treatment period was 8-12 weeks . 4 months after the end of treatment a standardised examination was done . The examining physician was unaware of the treatment allocation . The ultimate outcome measure was full return to sports at the same level without groin pain . Analyses were by intention to treat . FINDINGS 23 patients in the AT group and four in the PT group returned to sports without groin pain ( odds ratio , multiple-logistic-regression analysis , 12.7 [ 95 % CI 3.4-47.2 ] ) . The subjective global assessments of the effect of the treatments showed a significant ( p=0.006 ) linear trend towards a better effect in the AT group . A per-protocol analysis did not show appreciably different results . INTERPRETATION AT with a programme aimed at improving strength and coordination of the muscles acting on the pelvis , in particular the adductor muscles , is very effective in the treatment of athletes with long-standing adductor-related groin pain . The potential preventive value of a short programme based upon the principles of AT should be assessed in future , randomised , clinical trials ." ], "offsets": [ [ 0, 1776 ] ] } ]

[ { "id": "93796", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active physical training" ], "offsets": [ [ 17, 41 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93797", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "active training programme ( AT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 320, 352 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93798", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "physiotherapy treatment without active training ( PT )" ], "offsets": [ [ 360, 414 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93799", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "AT" ], "offsets": [ [ 348, 350 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93800", "type": "Intervention_Physical", "text": [ "PT" ], "offsets": [ [ 410, 412 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93801", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "full return to sports at the same level without groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 873, 931 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93802", "type": "Outcome_Pain", "text": [ "groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 90, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93803", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adductor-related groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93804", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "athletes" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93805", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adductor-related groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93806", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adductor-related groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93807", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "athletes" ], "offsets": [ [ 104, 112 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93808", "type": "Participant_Sample-size", "text": [ "68" ], "offsets": [ [ 485, 487 ] ], "normalized": [] }, { "id": "93809", "type": "Participant_Condition", "text": [ "adductor-related groin pain" ], "offsets": [ [ 73, 100 ] ], "normalized": [] } ]

[]

[]

[]